puppet 7.34.0-universal-darwin → 8.0.1-universal-darwin

data/spec/integration/parser/compiler_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1221 @@
+require 'spec_helper'
+require 'puppet_spec/compiler'
+require 'matchers/resource'
+
+# COPY OF UNIT TEST
+class CompilerTestResource
+  attr_accessor :builtin, :virtual, :evaluated, :type, :title
+
+  def initialize(type, title)
+    @type = type
+    @title = title
+  end
+
+  def [](attr)
+    return nil if (attr == :stage || attr == :alias)
+    :main
+  end
+
+  def ref
+    "#{type.to_s.capitalize}[#{title}]"
+  end
+
+  def evaluated?
+    @evaluated
+  end
+
+  def builtin_type?
+    @builtin
+  end
+
+  def virtual?
+    @virtual
+  end
+
+  def class?
+    false
+  end
+
+  def stage?
+    false
+  end
+
+  def evaluate
+  end
+
+  def file
+    "/fake/file/goes/here"
+  end
+
+  def line
+    "42"
+  end
+
+  def resource_type
+    self.class
+  end
+end
+
+describe Puppet::Parser::Compiler do
+  include PuppetSpec::Files
+  include Matchers::Resource
+
+  def resource(type, title)
+    Puppet::Parser::Resource.new(type, title, :scope => @scope)
+  end
+
+  let(:environment) { Puppet::Node::Environment.create(:testing, []) }
+
+  before :each do
+    # Push me faster, I wanna go back in time!  (Specifically, freeze time
+    # across the test since we have a bunch of version == timestamp code
+    # hidden away in the implementation and we keep losing the race.)
+    # --daniel 2011-04-21
+    now = Time.now
+    allow(Time).to receive(:now).and_return(now)
+
+    @node = Puppet::Node.new("testnode",
+                             :facts => Puppet::Node::Facts.new("facts", {}),
+                             :environment => environment)
+    @known_resource_types = environment.known_resource_types
+    @compiler = Puppet::Parser::Compiler.new(@node)
+    @scope = Puppet::Parser::Scope.new(@compiler, :source => double('source'))
+    @scope_resource = Puppet::Parser::Resource.new(:file, "/my/file", :scope => @scope)
+    @scope.resource = @scope_resource
+  end
+
+  # NEW INTEGRATION TEST
+  describe "when evaluating collections" do
+    it 'matches on container inherited tags' do
+      Puppet[:code] = <<-MANIFEST
+      class xport_test {
+        tag('foo_bar')
+        @notify { 'nbr1':
+          message => 'explicitly tagged',
+          tag => 'foo_bar'
+        }
+
+        @notify { 'nbr2':
+          message => 'implicitly tagged'
+        }
+
+        Notify <| tag == 'foo_bar' |> {
+          message => 'overridden'
+        }
+      }
+      include xport_test
+      MANIFEST
+
+      catalog = Puppet::Parser::Compiler.compile(Puppet::Node.new("mynode"))
+
+      expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[nbr1]").with_parameter(:message, 'overridden')
+      expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[nbr2]").with_parameter(:message, 'overridden')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when evaluating node classes" do
+    include PuppetSpec::Compiler
+
+    describe "when provided classes in hash format" do
+      it 'looks up default parameter values from inherited class (PUP-2532)' do
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-CODE)
+          class a {
+            Notify { message => "defaulted" }
+            include c
+            notify { bye: }
+          }
+          class b { Notify { message => "inherited" } }
+          class c inherits b { notify { hi: } }
+
+          include a
+          notify {hi_test: message => Notify[hi][message] }
+          notify {bye_test: message => Notify[bye][message] }
+        CODE
+
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[hi_test]").with_parameter(:message, "inherited")
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[bye_test]").with_parameter(:message, "defaulted")
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "when converting catalog to resource" do
+    it "the same environment is used for compilation as for transformation to resource form" do
+        Puppet[:code] = <<-MANIFEST
+          notify { 'dummy':
+          }
+        MANIFEST
+
+      expect_any_instance_of(Puppet::Parser::Resource::Catalog).to receive(:to_resource) do |catalog|
+        expect(Puppet.lookup(:current_environment).name).to eq(:production)
+      end
+
+      Puppet::Parser::Compiler.compile(Puppet::Node.new("mynode"))
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'when working with $settings name space' do
+    include PuppetSpec::Compiler
+    it 'makes $settings::strict available as string' do
+      node = Puppet::Node.new("testing")
+      catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST, node)
+          notify { 'test': message => $settings::strict == 'error' }
+      MANIFEST
+      expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[test]").with_parameter(:message, true)
+    end
+
+    it 'can return boolean settings as Boolean' do
+      node = Puppet::Node.new("testing")
+      catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST, node)
+          notify { 'test': message => $settings::storeconfigs == false }
+      MANIFEST
+      expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[test]").with_parameter(:message, true)
+    end
+
+    it 'makes all server settings available as $settings::all_local hash' do
+      node = Puppet::Node.new("testing")
+      catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST, node)
+          notify { 'test': message => $settings::all_local['strict'] == 'error' }
+      MANIFEST
+      expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[test]").with_parameter(:message, true)
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  context 'when working with $server_facts' do
+    include PuppetSpec::Compiler
+
+    it '$trusted is available' do
+      node = Puppet::Node.new("testing")
+      node.add_server_facts({ "server_fact" => "foo" })
+
+      catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST, node)
+          notify { 'test': message => $server_facts[server_fact] }
+      MANIFEST
+
+      expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[test]").with_parameter(:message, "foo")
+    end
+
+    it 'does not allow assignment to $server_facts' do
+      node = Puppet::Node.new("testing")
+      node.add_server_facts({ "server_fact" => "foo" })
+
+      expect do
+        compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST, node)
+            $server_facts = 'changed'
+            notify { 'test': message => $server_facts == 'changed' }
+        MANIFEST
+      end.to raise_error(Puppet::PreformattedError, /Attempt to assign to a reserved variable name: '\$server_facts'.*/)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "the compiler when using 4.x language constructs" do
+    include PuppetSpec::Compiler
+
+    if Puppet::Util::Platform.windows?
+      it "should be able to determine the configuration version from a local version control repository" do
+        pending("Bug #14071 about semantics of Puppet::Util::Execute on Windows")
+        # This should always work, because we should always be
+        # in the puppet repo when we run this.
+        version = %x{git rev-parse HEAD}.chomp
+
+        Puppet.settings[:config_version] = 'git rev-parse HEAD'
+
+        compiler = Puppet::Parser::Compiler.new(Puppet::Node.new("testnode"))
+        compiler.catalog.version.should == version
+      end
+    end
+
+    it 'assigns multiple variables from a class' do
+      node = Puppet::Node.new("testnodex")
+      catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-PP, node)
+      class foo::bar::example($x = 100)  {
+        $a = 10
+        $c = undef
+      }
+      include foo::bar::example
+
+      [$a, $x, $c] = Class['foo::bar::example']
+      notify{'check_me': message => "$a, $x, -${c}-" }
+      PP
+      expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[check_me]").with_parameter(:message, "10, 100, --")
+    end
+
+    it 'errors on attempt to assigns multiple variables from a class when variable does not exist' do
+      node = Puppet::Node.new("testnodex")
+      expect do
+        compile_to_catalog(<<-PP, node)
+        class foo::bar::example($x = 100)  {
+          $ah = 10
+          $c = undef
+        }
+        include foo::bar::example
+
+        [$a, $x, $c] = Class['foo::bar::example']
+        notify{'check_me': message => "$a, $x, -${c}-" }
+        PP
+      end.to raise_error(/No value for required variable '\$foo::bar::example::a'/)
+    end
+
+    it "should not create duplicate resources when a class is referenced both directly and indirectly by the node classifier (4792)" do
+      node = Puppet::Node.new("testnodex")
+      node.classes = ['foo', 'bar']
+      compile_to_catalog(<<-PP, node)
+        class foo
+        {
+          notify { foo_notify: }
+          include bar
+        }
+        class bar
+        {
+          notify { bar_notify: }
+        }
+      PP
+
+      catalog = Puppet::Parser::Compiler.compile(node)
+
+      expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[foo_notify]")
+      expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[bar_notify]")
+    end
+
+    it 'applies defaults for defines with qualified names (PUP-2302)' do
+      catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-CODE)
+        define my::thing($msg = 'foo') { notify {'check_me': message => $msg } }
+        My::Thing { msg => 'evoe' }
+        my::thing { 'name': }
+      CODE
+
+      expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[check_me]").with_parameter(:message, "evoe")
+    end
+
+    it 'Applies defaults from dynamic scopes (3x and future with reverted PUP-867)' do
+      catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-CODE)
+      class a {
+        Notify { message => "defaulted" }
+        include b
+        notify { bye: }
+      }
+      class b { notify { hi: } }
+
+      include a
+      CODE
+      expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[hi]").with_parameter(:message, "defaulted")
+      expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[bye]").with_parameter(:message, "defaulted")
+    end
+
+    it 'gets default from inherited class (PUP-867)' do
+      catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-CODE)
+      class a {
+        Notify { message => "defaulted" }
+        include c
+        notify { bye: }
+      }
+      class b { Notify { message => "inherited" } }
+      class c inherits b { notify { hi: } }
+
+      include a
+      CODE
+
+      expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[hi]").with_parameter(:message, "inherited")
+      expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[bye]").with_parameter(:message, "defaulted")
+    end
+
+    it 'looks up default parameter values from inherited class (PUP-2532)' do
+      catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-CODE)
+      class a {
+        Notify { message => "defaulted" }
+        include c
+        notify { bye: }
+      }
+      class b { Notify { message => "inherited" } }
+      class c inherits b { notify { hi: } }
+
+      include a
+      notify {hi_test: message => Notify[hi][message] }
+      notify {bye_test: message => Notify[bye][message] }
+      CODE
+
+      expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[hi_test]").with_parameter(:message, "inherited")
+      expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[bye_test]").with_parameter(:message, "defaulted")
+    end
+
+    it 'does not allow override of class parameters using a resource override expression' do
+      expect do
+        compile_to_catalog(<<-CODE)
+          Class[a] { x => 2}
+        CODE
+      end.to raise_error(/Resource Override can only.*got: Class\[a\].*/)
+    end
+
+    describe 'when resolving class references' do
+      include Matchers::Resource
+
+      { 'string'             => 'myWay',
+        'class reference'    => 'Class["myWay"]',
+        'resource reference' => 'Resource["class", "myWay"]'
+      }.each do |label, code|
+        it "allows camel cased class name reference in 'include' using a #{label}" do
+          catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-"PP")
+            class myWay {
+              notify { 'I did it': message => 'my way'}
+            }
+            include #{code}
+          PP
+          expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[I did it]")
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'and classname is a Resource Reference' do
+        # tested with strict == off since this was once conditional on strict
+        # can be removed in a later version.
+        before(:each) do
+          Puppet[:strict] = :off
+        end
+
+        it 'is reported as an error' do
+          expect { 
+            compile_to_catalog(<<-PP)
+              notice Class[ToothFairy]
+            PP
+          }.to raise_error(/Illegal Class name in class reference. A TypeReference\['ToothFairy'\]-Type cannot be used where a String is expected/)
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "should not favor local scope (with class included in topscope)" do
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-PP)
+          class experiment {
+            class baz {
+            }
+            notify {"x" : require => Class['baz'] }
+            notify {"y" : require => Class['experiment::baz'] }
+          }
+          class baz {
+          }
+          include baz
+          include experiment
+          include experiment::baz
+        PP
+
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[x]").with_parameter(:require, be_resource("Class[Baz]"))
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[y]").with_parameter(:require, be_resource("Class[Experiment::Baz]"))
+      end
+
+      it "should not favor local name scope" do
+        expect {
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-PP)
+            class experiment {
+              class baz {
+              }
+              notify {"x" : require => Class['baz'] }
+              notify {"y" : require => Class['experiment::baz'] }
+            }
+            class baz {
+            }
+            include experiment
+            include experiment::baz
+          PP
+        }.to raise_error(/Could not find resource 'Class\[Baz\]' in parameter 'require'/)
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "(ticket #13349) when explicitly specifying top scope" do
+      ["class {'::bar::baz':}", "include ::bar::baz"].each do |include|
+        describe "with #{include}" do
+          it "should find the top level class" do
+            catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+              class { 'foo::test': }
+              class foo::test {
+              	#{include}
+              }
+              class bar::baz {
+              	notify { 'good!': }
+              }
+              class foo::bar::baz {
+              	notify { 'bad!': }
+              }
+            MANIFEST
+
+            expect(catalog).to have_resource("Class[Bar::Baz]")
+            expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[good!]")
+            expect(catalog).not_to have_resource("Class[Foo::Bar::Baz]")
+            expect(catalog).not_to have_resource("Notify[bad!]")
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    it 'should recompute the version after input files are re-parsed' do
+      Puppet[:code] = 'class foo { }'
+      first_time = Time.at(1)
+      second_time = Time.at(200)
+      allow(Time).to receive(:now).and_return(first_time)
+      node = Puppet::Node.new('mynode')
+      expect(Puppet::Parser::Compiler.compile(node).version).to eq(first_time.to_i)
+      allow(Time).to receive(:now).and_return(second_time)
+      expect(Puppet::Parser::Compiler.compile(node).version).to eq(first_time.to_i) # no change because files didn't change
+      Puppet[:code] = nil
+      expect(Puppet::Parser::Compiler.compile(node).version).to eq(second_time.to_i)
+    end
+
+    ['define', 'class', 'node'].each do |thing|
+      it "'#{thing}' is not allowed inside evaluated conditional constructs" do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-PP)
+            if true {
+              #{thing} foo {
+              }
+              notify { decoy: }
+            }
+          PP
+        end.to raise_error(Puppet::Error, /Classes, definitions, and nodes may only appear at toplevel/)
+      end
+
+      it "'#{thing}' is not allowed inside un-evaluated conditional constructs" do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-PP)
+            if false {
+              #{thing} foo {
+              }
+              notify { decoy: }
+            }
+          PP
+        end.to raise_error(Puppet::Error, /Classes, definitions, and nodes may only appear at toplevel/)
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "relationships to non existing resources (even with strict==off)" do
+
+      [ 'before',
+        'subscribe',
+        'notify',
+        'require'].each do |meta_param|
+        it "are reported as an error when formed via meta parameter #{meta_param}" do
+          expect { 
+            compile_to_catalog(<<-PP)
+              notify{ x : #{meta_param} => Notify[tooth_fairy] }
+            PP
+          }.to raise_error(/Could not find resource 'Notify\[tooth_fairy\]' in parameter '#{meta_param}'/)
+        end
+      end
+
+      it 'is not reported for virtual resources' do
+        expect { 
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-PP)
+            @notify{ x : require => Notify[tooth_fairy] }
+          PP
+        }.to_not raise_error
+      end
+
+      it 'is reported for a realized virtual resources' do
+        expect { 
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-PP)
+            @notify{ x : require => Notify[tooth_fairy] }
+            realize(Notify['x'])
+          PP
+        }.to raise_error(/Could not find resource 'Notify\[tooth_fairy\]' in parameter 'require'/)
+      end
+
+      it 'faulty references are reported with source location' do
+        expect { 
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-PP)
+            notify{ x : 
+              require => tooth_fairy }
+          PP
+        }.to raise_error(/"tooth_fairy" is not a valid resource reference.*\(line: 2\)/)
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "relationships can be formed" do
+      def extract_name(ref)
+        ref.sub(/File\[(\w+)\]/, '\1')
+      end
+
+      def assert_creates_relationships(relationship_code, expectations)
+        base_manifest = <<-MANIFEST
+          file { [a,b,c]:
+            mode => '0644',
+          }
+          file { [d,e]:
+            mode => '0755',
+          }
+        MANIFEST
+
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(base_manifest + relationship_code)
+        resources = catalog.resources.select { |res| res.type == 'File' }
+
+        actual_relationships, actual_subscriptions = [:before, :notify].map do |relation|
+          resources.map do |res|
+            dependents = Array(res[relation])
+            dependents.map { |ref| [res.title, extract_name(ref)] }
+          end.inject(&:concat)
+        end
+
+        expect(actual_relationships).to match_array(expectations[:relationships] || [])
+        expect(actual_subscriptions).to match_array(expectations[:subscriptions] || [])
+      end
+
+      it "of regular type" do
+        assert_creates_relationships("File[a] -> File[b]",
+          :relationships => [['a','b']])
+      end
+
+      it "of subscription type" do
+        assert_creates_relationships("File[a] ~> File[b]",
+          :subscriptions => [['a', 'b']])
+      end
+
+      it "between multiple resources expressed as resource with multiple titles" do
+        assert_creates_relationships("File[a,b] -> File[c,d]",
+          :relationships => [['a', 'c'],
+            ['b', 'c'],
+            ['a', 'd'],
+            ['b', 'd']])
+      end
+
+      it "between collection expressions" do
+        assert_creates_relationships("File <| mode == '0644' |> -> File <| mode == '0755' |>",
+          :relationships => [['a', 'd'],
+            ['b', 'd'],
+            ['c', 'd'],
+            ['a', 'e'],
+            ['b', 'e'],
+            ['c', 'e']])
+      end
+
+      it "between resources expressed as Strings" do
+        assert_creates_relationships("'File[a]' -> 'File[b]'",
+          :relationships => [['a', 'b']])
+      end
+
+      it "between resources expressed as variables" do
+        assert_creates_relationships(<<-MANIFEST, :relationships => [['a', 'b']])
+          $var = File[a]
+          $var -> File[b]
+        MANIFEST
+
+      end
+
+      it "between resources expressed as case statements" do
+        assert_creates_relationships(<<-MANIFEST, :relationships => [['s1', 't2']])
+          $var = 10
+          case $var {
+            10: {
+              file { s1: }
+            }
+            12: {
+              file { s2: }
+            }
+          }
+          ->
+          case $var + 2 {
+            10: {
+              file { t1: }
+            }
+            12: {
+              file { t2: }
+            }
+          }
+        MANIFEST
+      end
+
+      it "using deep access in array" do
+        assert_creates_relationships(<<-MANIFEST, :relationships => [['a', 'b']])
+          $var = [ [ [ File[a], File[b] ] ] ]
+          $var[0][0][0] -> $var[0][0][1]
+        MANIFEST
+
+      end
+
+      it "using deep access in hash" do
+        assert_creates_relationships(<<-MANIFEST, :relationships => [['a', 'b']])
+          $var = {'foo' => {'bar' => {'source' => File[a], 'target' => File[b]}}}
+          $var[foo][bar][source] -> $var[foo][bar][target]
+        MANIFEST
+
+      end
+
+      it "using resource declarations" do
+        assert_creates_relationships("file { l: } -> file { r: }", :relationships => [['l', 'r']])
+      end
+
+      it "between entries in a chain of relationships" do
+        assert_creates_relationships("File[a] -> File[b] ~> File[c] <- File[d] <~ File[e]",
+          :relationships => [['a', 'b'], ['d', 'c']],
+          :subscriptions => [['b', 'c'], ['e', 'd']])
+      end
+
+      it 'should close the gap created by an intermediate empty set produced by collection' do
+        source = "file { [aa, bb]: } [File[a], File[aa]] -> Notify<| tag == 'na' |> ~> [File[b], File[bb]]"
+        assert_creates_relationships(source,
+          :relationships => [ ],
+          :subscriptions => [['a', 'b'],['aa', 'b'],['a', 'bb'], ['aa', 'bb']])
+      end
+
+      it 'should close the gap created by empty set followed by empty collection' do
+        source = "file { [aa, bb]: } [File[a], File[aa]] -> [] -> Notify<| tag == 'na' |> ~> [File[b], File[bb]]"
+        assert_creates_relationships(source,
+          :relationships => [ ],
+          :subscriptions => [['a', 'b'],['aa', 'b'],['a', 'bb'], ['aa', 'bb']])
+      end
+
+      it 'should close the gap created by empty collection surrounded by empty sets' do
+        source = "file { [aa, bb]: } [File[a], File[aa]] -> [] -> Notify<| tag == 'na' |> -> [] ~> [File[b], File[bb]]"
+        assert_creates_relationships(source,
+          :relationships => [ ],
+          :subscriptions => [['a', 'b'],['aa', 'b'],['a', 'bb'], ['aa', 'bb']])
+      end
+
+      it 'should close the gap created by several intermediate empty sets produced by collection' do
+        source = "file { [aa, bb]: } [File[a], File[aa]] -> Notify<| tag == 'na' |> -> Notify<| tag == 'na' |> ~> [File[b], File[bb]]"
+        assert_creates_relationships(source,
+          :relationships => [ ],
+          :subscriptions => [['a', 'b'],['aa', 'b'],['a', 'bb'], ['aa', 'bb']])
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when dealing with variable references" do
+      it 'an initial underscore in a variable name is ok' do
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+          class a { $_a = 10}
+          include a
+          notify { 'test': message => $a::_a }
+        MANIFEST
+
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[test]").with_parameter(:message, 10)
+      end
+
+      it 'an initial underscore in not ok if elsewhere than last segment' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            class a { $_a = 10}
+            include a
+            notify { 'test': message => $_a::_a }
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/Illegal variable name/)
+      end
+
+      it 'a missing variable as default causes an evaluation error' do
+        # strict mode on by default for 8.x
+        expect {
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+          class a ($b=$x) { notify {test: message=>"yes ${undef == $b}" } }
+            include a
+          MANIFEST
+        }.to raise_error(/Evaluation Error: Unknown variable: 'x'/)
+      end
+
+      it 'a missing variable as default value becomes undef when strict mode is off' do
+        Puppet[:strict_variables] = false
+        Puppet[:strict] = :warning
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+        class a ($b=$x) { notify {test: message=>"yes ${undef == $b}" } }
+          include a
+        MANIFEST
+
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[test]").with_parameter(:message, "yes true")
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when dealing with resources (e.g. File) that modifies its name from title" do
+      [['', ''],
+       ['', '/'],
+       ['/', ''],
+       ['/', '/']].each do |t, r|
+        it "a circular reference can be compiled with endings: title='#{t}' and ref='#{r}'" do
+          expect {
+            node = Puppet::Node.new("testing")
+            compile_to_catalog(<<-"MANIFEST", node)
+            file { '/tmp/bazinga.txt#{t}':
+              content => 'henrik testing',
+              require => File['/tmp/bazinga.txt#{r}']
+            }
+          MANIFEST
+          }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when working with the trusted data hash' do
+      context 'and have opted in to hashed_node_data' do
+        it 'should make $trusted available' do
+          node = Puppet::Node.new("testing")
+          node.trusted_data = { "data" => "value" }
+
+          catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST, node)
+            notify { 'test': message => $trusted[data] }
+          MANIFEST
+
+          expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[test]").with_parameter(:message, "value")
+        end
+
+        it 'should not allow assignment to $trusted' do
+          node = Puppet::Node.new("testing")
+          node.trusted_data = { "data" => "value" }
+
+          expect do
+            compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST, node)
+              $trusted = 'changed'
+              notify { 'test': message => $trusted == 'changed' }
+            MANIFEST
+          end.to raise_error(Puppet::PreformattedError, /Attempt to assign to a reserved variable name: '\$trusted'/)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when using typed parameters in definition' do
+      it 'accepts type compliant arguments' do
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+          define foo(String $x) { }
+          foo { 'test': x =>'say friend' }
+        MANIFEST
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Foo[test]").with_parameter(:x, 'say friend')
+      end
+
+      it 'accepts undef as the default for an Optional argument' do
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+          define foo(Optional[String] $x = undef) {
+            notify { "expected": message => $x == undef }
+          }
+          foo { 'test': }
+        MANIFEST
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[expected]").with_parameter(:message, true)
+      end
+
+      it 'accepts anything when parameters are untyped' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+          define foo($a, $b, $c) { }
+          foo { 'test': a => String, b=>10, c=>undef }
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to_not raise_error()
+      end
+
+      it 'denies non type compliant arguments' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            define foo(Integer $x) { }
+            foo { 'test': x =>'say friend' }
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/Foo\[test\]: parameter 'x' expects an Integer value, got String/)
+      end
+
+      it 'denies undef for a non-optional type' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            define foo(Integer $x) { }
+            foo { 'test': x => undef }
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/Foo\[test\]: parameter 'x' expects an Integer value, got Undef/)
+      end
+
+      it 'denies non type compliant default argument' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            define foo(Integer $x = 'pow') { }
+            foo { 'test':  }
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/Foo\[test\]: parameter 'x' expects an Integer value, got String/)
+      end
+
+      it 'denies undef as the default for a non-optional type' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            define foo(Integer $x = undef) { }
+            foo { 'test':  }
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/Foo\[test\]: parameter 'x' expects an Integer value, got Undef/)
+      end
+
+      it 'accepts a Resource as a Type' do
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+          define bar($text) { }
+          define foo(Type[Bar] $x) {
+            notify { 'test': message => $x[text] }
+          }
+          bar { 'joke': text => 'knock knock' }
+          foo { 'test': x => Bar[joke] }
+        MANIFEST
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[test]").with_parameter(:message, 'knock knock')
+      end
+
+      it 'uses infer_set when reporting type mismatch' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            define foo(Struct[{b => Integer, d=>String}] $a) { }
+            foo{ bar: a => {b => 5, c => 'stuff'}}
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/Foo\[bar\]:\s+parameter 'a' expects a value for key 'd'\s+parameter 'a' unrecognized key 'c'/m)
+      end
+
+      it 'handles Sensitive type in resource array' do
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+          define foo(Sensitive[String] $password) {
+            notify{ "${title}": message => "${password}" }
+          }
+          foo { ['testA', 'testB']: password =>Sensitive('some password') }
+        MANIFEST
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[testA]").with_parameter(:message, 'Sensitive [value redacted]')
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[testB]").with_parameter(:message, 'Sensitive [value redacted]')
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when using typed parameters in class' do
+      it 'accepts type compliant arguments' do
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+          class foo(String $x) { }
+          class { 'foo': x =>'say friend' }
+        MANIFEST
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Class[Foo]").with_parameter(:x, 'say friend')
+      end
+
+      it 'accepts undef as the default for an Optional argument' do
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+          class foo(Optional[String] $x = undef) {
+            notify { "expected": message => $x == undef }
+          }
+          class { 'foo': }
+        MANIFEST
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[expected]").with_parameter(:message, true)
+      end
+
+      it 'accepts anything when parameters are untyped' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            class foo($a, $b, $c) { }
+            class { 'foo': a => String, b=>10, c=>undef }
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to_not raise_error()
+      end
+
+      it 'denies non type compliant arguments' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            class foo(Integer $x) { }
+            class { 'foo': x =>'say friend' }
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/Class\[Foo\]: parameter 'x' expects an Integer value, got String/)
+      end
+
+      it 'denies undef for a non-optional type' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            class foo(Integer $x) { }
+            class { 'foo': x => undef }
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/Class\[Foo\]: parameter 'x' expects an Integer value, got Undef/)
+      end
+
+      it 'denies non type compliant default argument' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            class foo(Integer $x = 'pow') { }
+            class { 'foo':  }
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/Class\[Foo\]: parameter 'x' expects an Integer value, got String/)
+      end
+
+      it 'denies undef as the default for a non-optional type' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            class foo(Integer $x = undef) { }
+            class { 'foo':  }
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/Class\[Foo\]: parameter 'x' expects an Integer value, got Undef/)
+      end
+
+      it 'denies a regexp (rich data) argument given to class String parameter (even if later encoding of it is a string)' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            class foo(String $x) { }
+            class { 'foo':  x => /I am a regexp and I don't want to be a String/}
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/Class\[Foo\]: parameter 'x' expects a String value, got Regexp/)
+      end
+
+      it 'denies a regexp (rich data) argument given to define String parameter (even if later encoding of it is a string)' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            define foo(String $x) { }
+            foo { 'foo':  x => /I am a regexp and I don't want to be a String/}
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/Foo\[foo\]: parameter 'x' expects a String value, got Regexp/)
+      end
+
+      it 'accepts a Resource as a Type' do
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+          define bar($text) { }
+          class foo(Type[Bar] $x) {
+            notify { 'test': message => $x[text] }
+          }
+          bar { 'joke': text => 'knock knock' }
+          class { 'foo': x => Bar[joke] }
+        MANIFEST
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[test]").with_parameter(:message, 'knock knock')
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when using typed parameters in lambdas' do
+      it 'accepts type compliant arguments' do
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+          with('value') |String $x| { notify { "$x": } }
+        MANIFEST
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[value]")
+      end
+
+      it 'handles an array as a single argument' do
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+          with(['value', 'second']) |$x| { notify { "${x[0]} ${x[1]}": } }
+        MANIFEST
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[value second]")
+      end
+
+      it 'denies when missing required arguments' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            with(1) |$x, $y| { }
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/Parameter \$y is required but no value was given/m)
+      end
+
+      it 'accepts anything when parameters are untyped' do
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+          ['value', 1, true, undef].each |$x| { notify { "value: $x": } }
+        MANIFEST
+
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[value: value]")
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[value: 1]")
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[value: true]")
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[value: ]")
+      end
+
+      it 'accepts type-compliant, slurped arguments' do
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+          with(1, 2) |Integer *$x| { notify { "${$x[0] + $x[1]}": } }
+        MANIFEST
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[3]")
+      end
+
+      it 'denies non-type-compliant arguments' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            with(1) |String $x| { }
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/block parameter 'x' expects a String value, got Integer/m)
+      end
+
+      it 'denies non-type-compliant, slurped arguments' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            with(1, "hello") |Integer *$x| { }
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/block parameter 'x' expects an Integer value, got String/m)
+      end
+
+      it 'denies non-type-compliant default argument' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            with(1) |$x, String $defaulted = 1| { notify { "${$x + $defaulted}": }}
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/block parameter 'defaulted' expects a String value, got Integer/m)
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an error when a default argument value is an incorrect type and there are no arguments passed' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            with() |String $defaulted = 1| {}
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/block parameter 'defaulted' expects a String value, got Integer/m)
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an error when the default argument for a slurped parameter is an incorrect type' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            with() |String *$defaulted = 1| {}
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/block parameter 'defaulted' expects a String value, got Integer/m)
+      end
+
+      it 'allows using an array as the default slurped value' do
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+          with() |String *$defaulted = [hi]| { notify { $defaulted[0]: } }
+        MANIFEST
+
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource('Notify[hi]')
+      end
+
+      it 'allows using a value of the type as the default slurped value' do
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+          with() |String *$defaulted = hi| { notify { $defaulted[0]: } }
+        MANIFEST
+
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource('Notify[hi]')
+      end
+
+      it 'allows specifying the type of a slurped parameter as an array' do
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+          with() |Array[String] *$defaulted = hi| { notify { $defaulted[0]: } }
+        MANIFEST
+
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource('Notify[hi]')
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an error when the number of default values does not match the parameter\'s size specification' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            with() |Array[String, 2] *$defaulted = hi| { }
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/block expects at least 2 arguments, got 1/m)
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an error when the number of passed values does not match the parameter\'s size specification' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            with(hi) |Array[String, 2] *$passed| { }
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/block expects at least 2 arguments, got 1/m)
+      end
+
+      it 'matches when the number of arguments passed for a slurp parameter match the size specification' do
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+          with(hi, bye) |Array[String, 2] *$passed| {
+            $passed.each |$n| { notify { $n: } }
+          }
+        MANIFEST
+
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource('Notify[hi]')
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource('Notify[bye]')
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an error when the number of allowed slurp parameters exceeds the size constraint' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            with(hi, bye) |Array[String, 1, 1] *$passed| { }
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/block expects 1 argument, got 2/m)
+      end
+
+      it 'allows passing slurped arrays by specifying an array of arrays' do
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+          with([hi], [bye]) |Array[Array[String, 1, 1]] *$passed| {
+            notify { $passed[0][0]: }
+            notify { $passed[1][0]: }
+          }
+        MANIFEST
+
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource('Notify[hi]')
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource('Notify[bye]')
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an error when a required argument follows an optional one' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            with() |$y = first, $x, Array[String, 1] *$passed = bye| {}
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/Parameter \$x is required/)
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an error when the minimum size of a slurped argument makes it required and it follows an optional argument' do
+        expect do
+          compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+            with() |$x = first, Array[String, 1] *$passed| {}
+          MANIFEST
+        end.to raise_error(/Parameter \$passed is required/)
+      end
+
+      it 'allows slurped arguments with a minimum size of 0 after an optional argument' do
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+          with() |$x = first, Array[String, 0] *$passed| {
+            notify { $x: }
+          }
+        MANIFEST
+
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource('Notify[first]')
+      end
+
+      it 'accepts a Resource as a Type' do
+        catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+          define bar($text) { }
+          bar { 'joke': text => 'knock knock' }
+
+          with(Bar[joke]) |Type[Bar] $joke| { notify { "${joke[text]}": } }
+        MANIFEST
+        expect(catalog).to have_resource("Notify[knock knock]")
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "the compiler when handling aliases" do
+    include PuppetSpec::Compiler
+
+    def extract_name(ref)
+      ref.sub(/.*\[(\w+)\]/, '\1')
+    end
+
+    def assert_created_relationships(catalog, type_name, expectations)
+      resources = catalog.resources.select { |res| res.type == type_name }
+
+      actual_relationships, actual_subscriptions = [:before, :notify].map do |relation|
+        resources.map do |res|
+          dependents = Array(res[relation])
+          dependents.map { |ref| [res.title, extract_name(ref)] }
+        end.inject(&:concat)
+      end
+
+      expect(actual_relationships).to match_array(expectations[:relationships] || [])
+      expect(actual_subscriptions).to match_array(expectations[:subscriptions] || [])
+    end
+
+    it 'allows a relationship to be formed using metaparam relationship' do
+      node = Puppet::Node.new("testnodex")
+      catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-PP, node)
+        notify { 'actual_2':  before => 'Notify[alias_1]' }
+        notify { 'actual_1': alias => 'alias_1' }
+      PP
+      assert_created_relationships(catalog, 'Notify', { :relationships => [['actual_2', 'alias_1']] })
+    end
+
+    it 'allows a relationship to be formed using -> operator and alias' do
+      node = Puppet::Node.new("testnodex")
+      catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-PP, node)
+        notify { 'actual_2':  }
+        notify { 'actual_1': alias => 'alias_1' }
+        Notify[actual_2] -> Notify[alias_1]
+      PP
+      assert_created_relationships(catalog, 'Notify', { :relationships => [['actual_2', 'alias_1']] })
+    end
+
+    it 'errors when an alias cannot be found when relationship is formed with -> operator' do
+      node = Puppet::Node.new("testnodex")
+      expect {
+        compile_to_catalog(<<-PP, node)
+          notify { 'actual_2':  }
+          notify { 'actual_1': alias => 'alias_1' }
+          Notify[actual_2] -> Notify[alias_2]
+        PP
+      }.to raise_error(/Could not find resource 'Notify\[alias_2\]'/)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'the compiler when using collection and override' do
+    include PuppetSpec::Compiler
+
+    it 'allows an override when there is a default present' do
+      catalog = compile_to_catalog(<<-MANIFEST)
+        Package { require => Class['bar'] }
+        class bar { }
+        class foo {
+          package { 'python': }
+          package { 'pip': require => Package['python'] }
+
+          Package <| title == 'pip' |> {
+            name     => "python-pip",
+            category => undef,
+          }
+        }
+        include foo
+        include bar
+      MANIFEST
+      expect(catalog.resource('Package', 'pip')[:require].to_s).to eql('Package[python]')
+    end
+
+  end
+end