puppet 3.5.0.rc1-x86-mingw32

data/lib/puppet/pops/binder/bindings_validator_factory.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Configures validation suitable for the bindings model
+# @api public
+#
+class Puppet::Pops::Binder::BindingsValidatorFactory < Puppet::Pops::Validation::Factory
+  Issues = Puppet::Pops::Binder::BinderIssues
+
+  # Produces the checker to use
+  def checker diagnostic_producer
+    Puppet::Pops::Binder::BindingsChecker.new(diagnostic_producer)
+  end
+
+  # Produces the label provider to use
+  def label_provider
+    Puppet::Pops::Binder::BindingsLabelProvider.new()
+  end
+
+  # Produces the severity producer to use
+  def severity_producer
+    p = super
+
+    # Configure each issue that should **not** be an error
+    #
+    p[Issues::MISSING_BINDINGS] = :warning
+    p[Issues::MISSING_LAYERS]   = :warning
+
+    p
+  end
+end

data/lib/puppet/pops/binder/config/binder_config.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+module Puppet::Pops::Binder::Config
+  # Class holding the Binder Configuration
+  # The configuration is obtained from the file 'binder_config.yaml'
+  # that must reside in the root directory of the site
+  # @api public
+  #
+  class BinderConfig
+
+    # The layering configuration is an array of layers from most to least significant.
+    # Each layer is represented by a Hash containing :name and :include and optionally :exclude
+    #
+    # @return [Array<Hash<String, String>, Hash<String, Array<String>>]
+    # @api public
+    #
+    attr_reader :layering_config
+
+    # @return <Hash<String, String>] ({}) optional mapping of bindings-scheme to handler class name
+    attr_reader :scheme_extensions
+
+
+    # @return [String] the loaded config file
+    attr_accessor :config_file
+
+    DEFAULT_LAYERS = [
+      { 'name' => 'site',    'include' => [ 'confdir:/default?optional'] },
+      { 'name' => 'modules', 'include' => [ 'module:/*::default'] },
+    ]
+
+    DEFAULT_SCHEME_EXTENSIONS = {}
+
+    def default_config()
+      # This is hardcoded now, but may be a user supplied default configuration later
+      {'version' => 1, 'layers' => default_layers }
+    end
+
+    def confdir()
+      Puppet.settings[:confdir]
+    end
+
+    # Creates a new Config. The configuration is loaded from the file 'binder_config.yaml' which
+    # is expected to be found in confdir.
+    #
+    # @param diagnostics [DiagnosticProducer] collector of diagnostics
+    # @api public
+    #
+    def initialize(diagnostics)
+      @config_file = Puppet.settings[:binder_config]
+      # if file is stated, it must exist
+      # otherwise it is optional $confdir/binder_conf.yaml
+      # and if that fails, the default
+      case @config_file
+      when NilClass
+        # use the config file if it exists
+        rootdir = confdir
+        if rootdir.is_a?(String)
+          expanded_config_file = File.expand_path(File.join(rootdir, '/binder_config.yaml'))
+          if Puppet::FileSystem.exist?(expanded_config_file)
+            @config_file = expanded_config_file
+          end
+        else
+          raise ArgumentError, "No Puppet settings 'confdir', or it is not a String"
+        end
+      when String
+        unless Puppet::FileSystem.exist?(@config_file)
+          raise ArgumentError, "Cannot find the given binder configuration file '#{@config_file}'"
+        end
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "The setting binder_config is expected to be a String, got: #{@config_file.class.name}."
+      end
+      unless @config_file.is_a?(String) && Puppet::FileSystem.exist?(@config_file)
+        @config_file = nil # use defaults
+      end
+
+      validator = BinderConfigChecker.new(diagnostics)
+      begin
+        data = @config_file ? YAML.load_file(@config_file) : default_config()
+        validator.validate(data, @config_file)
+      rescue Errno::ENOENT
+        diagnostics.accept(Issues::CONFIG_FILE_NOT_FOUND, @config_file)
+      rescue Errno::ENOTDIR
+        diagnostics.accept(Issues::CONFIG_FILE_NOT_FOUND, @config_file)
+      rescue ::SyntaxError => e
+        diagnostics.accept(Issues::CONFIG_FILE_SYNTAX_ERROR, @config_file, :detail => e.message)
+      end
+
+      unless diagnostics.errors?
+        @layering_config   = data['layers'] or default_layers
+        @scheme_extensions = (data['extensions'] and data['extensions']['scheme_handlers'] or default_scheme_extensions)
+      else
+        @layering_config = []
+        @scheme_extensions = {}
+      end
+    end
+
+    # The default_xxx methods exists to make it easier to do mocking in tests.
+
+    # @api private
+    def default_layers
+      DEFAULT_LAYERS
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def default_scheme_extensions
+      DEFAULT_SCHEME_EXTENSIONS
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/puppet/pops/binder/config/binder_config_checker.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+module Puppet::Pops::Binder::Config
+  # Validates the consistency of a Binder::BinderConfig
+  class BinderConfigChecker
+    # Create an instance with a diagnostic producer that will receive the result during validation
+    # @param diangostics [DiagnosticProducer] The producer that will receive the diagnostic
+    # @api public
+    #
+    def initialize(diagnostics)
+      @diagnostics = diagnostics
+      t = Puppet::Pops::Types
+      @type_calculator = t::TypeCalculator.new()
+      @array_of_string_type = t::TypeFactory.array_of(t::TypeFactory.string())
+    end
+
+    # Validate the consistency of the given data. Diagnostics will be emitted to the DiagnosticProducer
+    # that was set when this checker was created
+    #
+    # @param data [Object] The data read from the config file
+    # @param config_file [String] The full path of the file. Used in error messages
+    # @api public
+    #
+    def validate(data, config_file)
+      @unique_layer_names = Set.new()
+
+      if data.is_a?(Hash)
+        check_top_level(data, config_file)
+      else
+        accept(Issues::CONFIG_IS_NOT_HASH, config_file)
+      end
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def accept(issue, semantic, options = {})
+      @diagnostics.accept(issue, semantic, options)
+    end
+
+    def check_top_level(data, config_file)
+      if layers = (data['layers'] || data[:layers])
+        check_layers(layers, config_file)
+      else
+        accept(Issues::CONFIG_LAYERS_MISSING, config_file)
+      end
+
+      if version = (data['version'] or data[:version])
+        accept(Issues::CONFIG_WRONG_VERSION, config_file, {:expected => 1, :actual => version}) unless version == 1
+      else
+        accept(Issues::CONFIG_VERSION_MISSING, config_file)
+      end
+      if extensions = data['extensions']
+        check_extensions(extensions, config_file)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def check_layers(layers, config_file)
+      unless layers.is_a?(Array)
+        accept(Issues::LAYERS_IS_NOT_ARRAY, config_file, :klass => data.class)
+      else
+        layers.each {|layer| check_layer(layer, config_file) }
+      end
+    end
+
+    def check_layer(layer, config_file)
+      unless layer.is_a?(Hash)
+        accept(Issues::LAYER_IS_NOT_HASH, config_file, :klass => layer.class)
+        return
+      end
+      layer.each_pair do |k, v|
+        case k
+        when 'name'
+          unless v.is_a?(String)
+            accept(Issues::LAYER_NAME_NOT_STRING, config_file, :class_name => v.class.name)
+          end
+
+          unless @unique_layer_names.add?(v)
+            accept(Issues::DUPLICATE_LAYER_NAME, config_file, :name => v.to_s )
+          end
+
+        when 'include'
+          check_bindings_references('include', v, config_file)
+
+        when 'exclude'
+          check_bindings_references('exclude', v, config_file)
+
+        when Symbol
+          accept(Issues::LAYER_ATTRIBUTE_IS_SYMBOL, config_file, :name => k.to_s)
+
+        else
+          accept(Issues::UNKNOWN_LAYER_ATTRIBUTE, config_file, :name => k.to_s )
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # references to bindings is a single String URI, or an array of String URI
+    # @param kind [String] 'include' or 'exclude' (used in issue messages)
+    # @param value [String, Array<String>] one or more String URI binding references
+    # @param config_file [String] reference to the loaded config file
+    #
+    def check_bindings_references(kind, value, config_file)
+      return check_reference(value, kind, config_file) if value.is_a?(String)
+      accept(Issues::BINDINGS_REF_NOT_STRING_OR_ARRAY, config_file, :kind => kind ) unless value.is_a?(Array)
+      value.each {|ref| check_reference(ref, kind, config_file) }
+    end
+
+    # A reference is a URI in string form having a scheme and a path (at least '/')
+    #
+    def check_reference(value, kind, config_file)
+      begin
+        uri = URI.parse(value)
+
+        unless uri.scheme
+          accept(Issues::MISSING_SCHEME, config_file, :uri => uri)
+        end
+        unless uri.path
+          accept(Issues::REF_WITHOUT_PATH, config_file, :uri => uri, :kind => kind)
+        end
+
+      rescue InvalidURIError => e
+        accept(Issues::BINDINGS_REF_INVALID_URI, config_file, :msg => e.message)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def check_extensions(extensions, config_file)
+      unless extensions.is_a?(Hash)
+        accept(Issues::EXTENSIONS_NOT_HASH, config_file, :actual => extensions.class.name)
+        return
+      end
+      # check known extensions
+      extensions.each_key do |key|
+        unless ['scheme_handlers'].include? key
+          accept(Issues::UNKNOWN_EXTENSION, config_file, :extension => key)
+        end
+      end
+
+      if binding_schemes = extensions['scheme_handlers']
+        unless binding_schemes.is_a?(Hash)
+          accept(Issues::EXTENSION_BINDING_NOT_HASH, config_file, :extension => 'scheme_handlers', :actual => binding_schemes.class.name)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/puppet/pops/binder/config/diagnostic_producer.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+module Puppet::Pops::Binder::Config
+  # Generates validation diagnostics
+  class Puppet::Pops::Binder::Config::DiagnosticProducer
+    def initialize(acceptor)
+      @acceptor = acceptor
+      @severity_producer = Puppet::Pops::Validation::SeverityProducer.new
+    end
+
+    def accept(issue, semantic, arguments={})
+      arguments[:semantic] ||= semantic
+      severity = severity_producer.severity(issue)
+      @acceptor.accept(Puppet::Pops::Validation::Diagnostic.new(severity, issue, nil, nil, arguments))
+    end
+
+    def errors?()
+      @acceptor.errors?
+    end
+
+    def severity_producer
+      p = @severity_producer
+      # All are errors, if there is need to mark some as warnings...
+      # p[Issues::XXX] = :warning
+
+      # ignored because there is a default
+      p[Puppet::Pops::Binder::Config::Issues::CONFIG_LAYERS_MISSING] = :ignore
+
+      # ignored because there is a default
+      p[Puppet::Pops::Binder::Config::Issues::CONFIG_CATEGORIES_MISSING] = :ignore
+      p
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/puppet/pops/binder/config/issues.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+module Puppet::Pops::Binder::Config::Issues
+  # (see Puppet::Pops::Issues#issue)
+  def self.issue (issue_code, *args, &block)
+    Puppet::Pops::Issues.issue(issue_code, *args, &block)
+  end
+
+  CONFIG_FILE_NOT_FOUND = issue :CONFIG_FILE_NOT_FOUND do
+    "The binder configuration file: #{semantic} can not be found."
+  end
+
+  CONFIG_FILE_SYNTAX_ERROR = issue :CONFIG_FILE_SYNTAX_ERROR, :detail do
+    "Syntax error in configuration file: #{detail}"
+  end
+
+  CONFIG_IS_NOT_HASH = issue :CONFIG_IS_NOT_HASH do
+    "The configuration file '#{semantic}' has no hash at the top level"
+  end
+
+  CONFIG_LAYERS_MISSING = issue :CONFIG_LAYERS_MISSING do
+    "The configuration file '#{semantic}' has no 'layers' entry in the top level hash"
+  end
+
+  CONFIG_VERSION_MISSING = issue :CONFIG_VERSION_MISSING do
+    "The configuration file '#{semantic}' has no 'version' entry in the top level hash"
+  end
+
+  LAYERS_IS_NOT_ARRAY = issue :LAYERS_IS_NOT_ARRAY, :klass do
+    "The configuration file '#{semantic}' should contain a 'layers' key with an Array value, got: #{klass.name}"
+  end
+
+  LAYER_IS_NOT_HASH = issue :LAYER_IS_NOT_HASH, :klass do
+    "The configuration file '#{semantic}' should contain one hash per layer, got #{klass.name} instead of Hash"
+  end
+
+  DUPLICATE_LAYER_NAME = issue :DUPLICATE_LAYER_NAME, :name do
+    "Duplicate layer '#{name}' in configuration file #{semantic}"
+  end
+
+  UNKNOWN_LAYER_ATTRIBUTE = issue :UNKNOWN_LAYER_ATTRIBUTE, :name do
+    "Unknown layer attribute '#{name}' in configuration file #{semantic}"
+  end
+
+  BINDINGS_REF_NOT_STRING_OR_ARRAY = issue :BINDINGS_REF_NOT_STRING_OR_ARRAY, :kind do
+    "Configuration file #{semantic} has bindings reference in '#{kind}' that is neither a String nor an Array."
+  end
+
+  MISSING_SCHEME = issue :MISSING_SCHEME, :uri do
+    "Configuration file #{semantic} contains a bindings reference: '#{uri}' without scheme."
+  end
+
+  UNKNOWN_REF_SCHEME = issue :UNKNOWN_REF_SCHEME, :uri, :kind do
+    "Configuration file #{semantic} contains a bindings reference: '#{kind}' => '#{uri}' with unknown scheme"
+  end
+
+  REF_WITHOUT_PATH = issue :REF_WITHOUT_PATH, :uri, :kind do
+    "Configuration file #{semantic} contains a bindings reference: '#{kind}' => '#{uri}' without path"
+  end
+
+  BINDINGS_REF_INVALID_URI = issue :BINDINGS_REF_INVALID_URI, :msg do
+    "Configuration file #{semantic} contains a bindings reference: '#{kind}' => invalid uri, msg: '#{msg}'"
+  end
+
+  LAYER_ATTRIBUTE_IS_SYMBOL = issue :LAYER_ATTRIBUTE_IS_SYMBOL, :name do
+    "Configuration file #{semantic} contains a layer attribute '#{name}' that is a Symbol (should be String)"
+  end
+
+  LAYER_NAME_NOT_STRING = issue :LAYER_NAME_NOT_STRING, :class_name do
+    "Configuration file #{semantic} contains a layer name that is not a String, got a: '#{class_name}'"
+  end
+
+  CONFIG_WRONG_VERSION = issue :CONFIG_WRONG_VERSION, :expected, :actual do
+    "The configuration file '#{semantic}' has unsupported 'version', expected: #{expected}, but got: #{actual}."
+  end
+
+  EXTENSIONS_NOT_HASH = issue :EXTENSIONS_NOT_HASH, :actual do
+    "The configuration file '#{semantic}' contains 'extensions', expected: Hash, but got: #{actual}."
+  end
+
+  EXTENSION_BINDING_NOT_HASH = issue :EXTENSION_BINDING_NOT_HASH, :extension, :actual do
+    "The configuration file '#{semantic}' contains '#{extension}', expected: Hash, but got: #{actual}."
+  end
+
+  UNKNOWN_EXTENSION = issue :UNKNOWN_EXTENSION, :extension do
+    "The configuration file '#{semantic}' contains the unknown extension: #{extension}."
+  end
+end

data/lib/puppet/pops/binder/injector.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,767 @@
+# The injector is the "lookup service" class
+#
+# Initialization
+# --------------
+# The injector is initialized with a configured {Puppet::Pops::Binder::Binder Binder}. The Binder instance contains a resolved set of
+# `key => "binding information"` that is used to setup the injector.
+#
+# Lookup
+# ------
+# It is possible to lookup either the value, or a producer of the value. The {#lookup} method looks up a value, and the
+# {#lookup_producer} looks up a producer.
+# Both of these methods can be called with three different signatures; `lookup(key)`, `lookup(type, name)`, and `lookup(name)`,
+# with the corresponding calls to obtain a producer; `lookup_producer(key)`, `lookup_producer(type, name)`, and `lookup_producer(name)`.
+#
+# It is possible to pass a block to {#lookup} and {#lookup_producer}, the block is passed the result of the lookup
+# and the result of the block is returned as the value of the lookup. This is useful in order to provide a default value.
+#
+# @example Lookup with default value
+#   injector.lookup('favourite_food') {|x| x.nil? ? 'bacon' : x }
+#
+# Singleton or Not
+# ----------------
+# The lookup of a value is always based on the lookup of a producer. For *singleton producers* this means that the value is
+# determined by the first value lookup. Subsequent lookups via `lookup` or `lookup_producer` will produce the same instance.
+#
+# *Non singleton producers* will produce a new instance on each request for a value. For constant value producers this
+# means that a new deep-clone is produced for mutable objects (but not for immutable objects as this is not needed).
+# Custom producers should have non singleton behavior, or if this is not possible ensure that the produced result is
+# immutable. (The behavior if a custom producer hands out a mutable value and this is mutated is undefined).
+#
+# Custom bound producers capable of producing a series of objects when bound as a singleton means that the producer
+# is a singleton, not the value it produces. If such a producer is bound as non singleton, each `lookup` will get a new
+# producer (hence, typically, restarting the series). However, the producer returned from `lookup_producer` will not
+# recreate the producer on each call to `produce`; i.e. each `lookup_producer` returns a producer capable of returning
+# a series of objects.
+#
+# @see Puppet::Pops::Binder::Binder Binder, for details about how to bind keys to producers
+# @see Puppet::Pops::Binder::BindingsFactory BindingsFactory, for a convenient way to create a Binder and bindings
+#
+# Assisted Inject
+# ---------------
+# The injector supports lookup of instances of classes *even if the requested class is not explicitly bound*.
+# This is possible for classes that have a zero argument `initialize` method, or that has a class method called
+# `inject` that takes two arguments; `injector`, and `scope`.
+# This is useful in ruby logic as a class can then use the given injector to inject details.
+# An `inject` class method wins over a zero argument `initialize` in all cases.
+#
+# @example Using assisted inject
+#   # Class with assisted inject support
+#   class Duck
+#     attr_reader :name, :year_of_birth
+#
+#     def self.inject(injector, scope, binding, *args)
+#       # lookup default name and year of birth, and use defaults if not present
+#       name = injector.lookup(scope,'default-duck-name') {|x| x ? x : 'Donald Duck' }
+#       year_of_birth = injector.lookup(scope,'default-duck-year_of_birth') {|x| x ? x : 1934 }
+#       self.new(name, year_of_birth)
+#     end
+#
+#     def initialize(name, year_of_birth)
+#       @name = name
+#       @year_of_birth = year_of_birth
+#     end
+#   end
+#
+#   injector.lookup(scope, Duck)
+#   # Produces a Duck named 'Donald Duck' or named after the binding 'default-duck-name' (and with similar treatment of
+#   # year_of_birth).
+# @see Puppet::Pops::Binder::Producers::AssistedInjectProducer AssistedInjectProducer, for more details on assisted injection
+#
+# Access to key factory and type calculator
+# -----------------------------------------
+# It is important to use the same key factory, and type calculator as the binder. It is therefor possible to obtain
+# these with the methods {#key_factory}, and {#type_calculator}.
+#
+# Special support for producers
+# -----------------------------
+# There is one method specially designed for producers. The {#get_contributions} method returns an array of all contributions
+# to a given *contributions key*. This key is obtained from the {#key_factory} for a given multibinding. The returned set of
+# contributed bindings is sorted in descending precedence order. Any conflicts, merges, etc. is performed by the multibinding
+# producer configured for a multibinding.
+#
+# @api public
+#
+class Puppet::Pops::Binder::Injector
+
+  Producers = Puppet::Pops::Binder::Producers
+
+  def self.create_from_model(layered_bindings_model)
+    self.new(Puppet::Pops::Binder::Binder.new(layered_bindings_model))
+  end
+
+  def self.create_from_hash(name, key_value_hash)
+    factory = Puppet::Pops::Binder::BindingsFactory
+    named_bindings = factory.named_bindings(name) { key_value_hash.each {|k,v| bind.name(k).to(v) }}
+    layered_bindings = factory.layered_bindings(factory.named_layer(name+'-layer',named_bindings.model))
+    self.new(Puppet::Pops::Binder::Binder.new(layered_bindings))
+  end
+
+  # Creates an injector with a single bindings layer created with the given name, and the bindings
+  # produced by the given block. The block is evaluated with self bound to a BindingsContainerBuilder.
+  #
+  # @example
+  #   Injector.create('mysettings') do
+  #     bind('name').to(42)
+  #   end
+  #
+  # @api public
+  #
+  def self.create(name, &block)
+    factory = Puppet::Pops::Binder::BindingsFactory
+    layered_bindings = factory.layered_bindings(factory.named_layer(name+'-layer',factory.named_bindings(name, &block).model))
+    self.new(Puppet::Pops::Binder::Binder.new(layered_bindings))
+  end
+
+  # Creates an overriding injector with a single bindings layer
+  # created with the given name, and the bindings produced by the given block.
+  # The block is evaluated with self bound to a BindingsContainerBuilder.
+  #
+  # @example
+  #   an_injector.override('myoverrides') do
+  #     bind('name').to(43)
+  #   end
+  #
+  # @api public
+  #
+  def override(name, &block)
+    factory = Puppet::Pops::Binder::BindingsFactory
+    layered_bindings = factory.layered_bindings(factory.named_layer(name+'-layer',factory.named_bindings(name, &block).model))
+    self.class.new(Puppet::Pops::Binder::Binder.new(layered_bindings, @impl.binder))
+  end
+
+  # Creates an overriding injector with bindings from a bindings model (a LayeredBindings) which
+  # may consists of multiple layers of bindings.
+  #
+  # @api public
+  #
+  def override_with_model(layered_bindings)
+    unless layered_bindings.is_a?(Puppet::Pops::Binder::Bindings::LayeredBindings)
+      raise ArgumentError, "Expected a LayeredBindings model, got '#{bindings_model.class}'"
+    end
+    self.class.new(Puppet::Pops::Binder::Binder.new(layered_bindings, @impl.binder))
+  end
+
+  # Creates an overriding injector with a single bindings layer
+  # created with the given name, and the bindings given in the key_value_hash
+  # @api public
+  #
+  def override_with_hash(name, key_value_hash)
+    factory = Puppet::Pops::Binder::BindingsFactory
+    named_bindings = factory.named_bindings(name) { key_value_hash.each {|k,v| bind.name(k).to(v) }}
+    layered_bindings = factory.layered_bindings(factory.named_layer(name+'-layer',named_bindings.model))
+    self.class.new(Puppet::Pops::Binder::Binder.new(layered_bindings, @impl.binder))
+  end
+
+  # An Injector is initialized with a configured {Puppet::Pops::Binder::Binder Binder}.
+  #
+  # @param configured_binder [Puppet::Pops::Binder::Binder,nil] The configured binder containing effective bindings. A given value
+  #   of nil creates an injector that returns or yields nil on all lookup requests.
+  # @raise ArgumentError if the given binder is not fully configured
+  #
+  # @api public
+  #
+  def initialize(configured_binder, parent_injector = nil)
+    if configured_binder.nil?
+      @impl = Private::NullInjectorImpl.new()
+    else
+      @impl = Private::InjectorImpl.new(configured_binder, parent_injector)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # The KeyFactory used to produce keys in this injector.
+  # The factory is shared with the Binder to ensure consistent translation to keys.
+  # A compatible type calculator can also be obtained from the key factory.
+  # @return [Puppet::Pops::Binder::KeyFactory] the key factory in use
+  #
+  # @api public
+  #
+  def key_factory()
+    @impl.key_factory
+  end
+
+  # Returns the TypeCalculator in use for keys. The same calculator (as used for keys) should be used if there is a need
+  # to check type conformance, or infer the type of Ruby objects.
+  #
+  # @return [Puppet::Pops::Types::TypeCalculator] the type calculator that is in use for keys
+  # @api public
+  #
+  def type_calculator()
+    @impl.type_calculator()
+  end
+
+  # Lookup (a.k.a "inject") of a value given a key.
+  # The lookup may be called with different parameters. This method is a convenience method that
+  # dispatches to one of #lookup_key or #lookup_type depending on the arguments. It also provides
+  # the ability to use an optional block that is called with the looked up value, or scope and value if the
+  # block takes two parameters. This is useful to provide a default value or other transformations, calculations
+  # based on the result of the lookup.
+  #
+  # @overload lookup(scope, key)
+  #   (see #lookup_key)
+  #   @param scope [Puppet::Parser::Scope] the scope to use for evaluation
+  #   @param key [Object] an opaque object being the full key
+  #
+  # @overload lookup(scope, type, name = '')
+  #   (see #lookup_type)
+  #   @param scope [Puppet::Parser::Scope] the scope to use for evaluation
+  #   @param type [Puppet::Pops::Types::PObjectType] the type of what to lookup
+  #   @param name [String] the name to use, defaults to empty string (for unnamed)
+  #
+  # @overload lookup(scope, name)
+  #   Lookup of Data type with given name.
+  #   @see #lookup_type
+  #   @param scope [Puppet::Parser::Scope] the scope to use for evaluation
+  #   @param name [String] the Data/name to lookup
+  #
+  # @yield [value] passes the looked up value to an optional block and returns what this block returns
+  # @yield [scope, value] passes scope and value to the block and returns what this block returns
+  # @yieldparam scope [Puppet::Parser::Scope] the scope given to lookup
+  # @yieldparam value [Object, nil] the looked up value or nil if nothing was found
+  #
+  # @raise [ArgumentError] if the block has an arity that is not 1 or 2
+  #
+  # @api public
+  #
+  def lookup(scope, *args, &block)
+    @impl.lookup(scope, *args, &block)
+  end
+
+  # Looks up a (typesafe) value based on a type/name combination.
+  # Creates a key for the type/name combination using a KeyFactory. Specialization of the Data type are transformed
+  # to a Data key, and the result is type checked to conform with the given key.
+  #
+  # @param type [Puppet::Pops::Types::PObjectType] the type to lookup as defined by Puppet::Pops::Types::TypeFactory
+  # @param name [String] the (optional for non `Data` types) name of the entry to lookup.
+  #   The name may be an empty String (the default), but not nil. The name is required for lookup for subtypes of
+  #   `Data`.
+  # @return [Object, nil] the looked up bound object, or nil if not found (type conformance with given type is guaranteed)
+  # @raise [ArgumentError] if the produced value does not conform with the given type
+  #
+  # @api public
+  #
+  def lookup_type(scope, type, name='')
+    @impl.lookup_type(scope, type, name)
+  end
+
+  # Looks up the key and returns the entry, or nil if no entry is found.
+  # Produced type is checked for type conformance with its binding, but not with the lookup key.
+  # (This since all subtypes of PDataType are looked up using a key based on PDataType).
+  # Use the Puppet::Pops::Types::TypeCalculator#instance? method to check for conformance of the result
+  # if this is wanted, or use #lookup_type.
+  #
+  # @param key [Object] lookup of key as produced by the key factory
+  # @return [Object, nil] produced value of type that conforms with bound type (type conformance with key not guaranteed).
+  # @raise [ArgumentError] if the produced value does not conform with the bound type
+  #
+  # @api public
+  #
+  def lookup_key(scope, key)
+    @impl.lookup_key(scope, key)
+  end
+
+  # Lookup (a.k.a "inject") producer of a value given a key.
+  # The producer lookup may be called with different parameters. This method is a convenience method that
+  # dispatches to one of #lookup_producer_key or #lookup_producer_type depending on the arguments. It also provides
+  # the ability to use an optional block that is called with the looked up producer, or scope and producer if the
+  # block takes two parameters. This is useful to provide a default value, call a custom producer method,
+  # or other transformations, calculations based on the result of the lookup.
+  #
+  # @overload lookup_producer(scope, key)
+  #   (see #lookup_proudcer_key)
+  #   @param scope [Puppet::Parser::Scope] the scope to use for evaluation
+  #   @param key [Object] an opaque object being the full key
+  #
+  # @overload lookup_producer(scope, type, name = '')
+  #   (see #lookup_type)
+  #   @param scope [Puppet::Parser::Scope] the scope to use for evaluation
+  #   @param type [Puppet::Pops::Types::PObjectType], the type of what to lookup
+  #   @param name [String], the name to use, defaults to empty string (for unnamed)
+  #
+  # @overload lookup_producer(scope, name)
+  #   Lookup of Data type with given name.
+  #   @see #lookup_type
+  #   @param scope [Puppet::Parser::Scope] the scope to use for evaluation
+  #   @param name [String], the Data/name to lookup
+  #
+  # @return [Puppet::Pops::Binder::Producers::Producer, Object, nil] a producer, or what the optional block returns
+  #
+  # @yield [producer] passes the looked up producer to an optional block and returns what this block returns
+  # @yield [scope, producer] passes scope and producer to the block and returns what this block returns
+  # @yieldparam producer [Puppet::Pops::Binder::Producers::Producer, nil] the looked up producer or nil if nothing was bound
+  # @yieldparam scope [Puppet::Parser::Scope] the scope given to lookup
+  #
+  # @raise [ArgumentError] if the block has an arity that is not 1 or 2
+  #
+  # @api public
+  #
+  def lookup_producer(scope, *args, &block)
+    @impl.lookup_producer(scope, *args, &block)
+  end
+
+  # Looks up a Producer given an opaque binder key.
+  # @return [Puppet::Pops::Binder::Producers::Producer, nil] the bound producer, or nil if no such producer was found.
+  #
+  # @api public
+  #
+  def lookup_producer_key(scope, key)
+    @impl.lookup_producer_key(scope, key)
+  end
+
+  # Looks up a Producer given a type/name key.
+  # @note The result is not type checked (it cannot be until the producer has produced an instance).
+  # @return [Puppet::Pops::Binder::Producers::Producer, nil] the bound producer, or nil if no such producer was found
+  #
+  # @api public
+  #
+  def lookup_producer_type(scope, type, name='')
+    @impl.lookup_producer_type(scope, type, name)
+  end
+
+  # Returns the contributions to a multibind given its contribution key (as produced by the KeyFactory).
+  # This method is typically used by multibind value producers, but may be used for introspection of the injector's state.
+  #
+  # @param scope [Puppet::Parser::Scope] the scope to use
+  # @param contributions_key [Object] Opaque key as produced by KeyFactory as the contributions key for a multibinding
+  # @return [Array<Puppet::Pops::Binder::InjectorEntry>] the contributions sorted in deecending order of precedence
+  #
+  # @api public
+  #
+  def get_contributions(scope, contributions_key)
+    @impl.get_contributions(scope, contributions_key)
+  end
+
+  # Returns an Injector that returns (or yields) nil on all lookups, and produces an empty structure for contributions
+  # This method is intended for testing purposes.
+  #
+  def self.null_injector
+    self.new(nil)
+  end
+
+# The implementation of the Injector is private.
+# @see Puppet::Pops::Binder::Injector The public API this module implements.
+# @api private
+#
+module Private
+
+  # This is a mocking "Null" implementation of Injector. It never finds anything
+  # @api private
+  class NullInjectorImpl
+    attr_reader :entries
+    attr_reader :key_factory
+    attr_reader :type_calculator
+
+    def initialize
+      @entries = []
+      @key_factory = Puppet::Pops::Binder::KeyFactory.new()
+      @type_calculator = @key_factory.type_calculator
+    end
+
+    def lookup(scope, *args, &block)
+      raise ArgumentError, "lookup should be called with two or three arguments, got: #{args.size()+1}" unless args.size.between?(1,2)
+      # call block with result if given
+      if block
+        case block.arity
+        when 1
+          block.call(:undef)
+        when 2
+          block.call(scope, :undef)
+        else
+          raise ArgumentError, "The block should have arity 1 or 2"
+        end
+      else
+        val
+      end
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def binder
+      nil
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def lookup_key(scope, key)
+      nil
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def lookup_producer(scope, *args, &block)
+      lookup(scope, *args, &block)
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def lookup_producer_key(scope, key)
+      nil
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def lookup_producer_type(scope, type, name='')
+      nil
+    end
+
+    def get_contributions()
+      []
+    end
+  end
+
+  # @api private
+  #
+  class InjectorImpl
+    # Hash of key => InjectorEntry
+    # @api private
+    #
+    attr_reader :entries
+
+    attr_reader :key_factory
+
+    attr_reader :type_calculator
+
+    attr_reader :binder
+
+    def initialize(configured_binder, parent_injector = nil)
+      @binder = configured_binder
+      @parent = parent_injector
+
+      # TODO: Different error message
+      raise ArgumentError, "Given Binder is not configured" unless configured_binder #&& configured_binder.configured?()
+      @entries             = configured_binder.injector_entries()
+
+      # It is essential that the injector uses the same key factory as the binder since keys must be
+      # represented the same (but still opaque) way.
+      #
+      @key_factory         = configured_binder.key_factory()
+      @type_calculator     = key_factory.type_calculator()
+      @@transform_visitor ||= Puppet::Pops::Visitor.new(nil,"transform", 2,  2)
+      @recursion_lock = [ ]
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def lookup(scope, *args, &block)
+      raise ArgumentError, "lookup should be called with two or three arguments, got: #{args.size()+1}" unless args.size.between?(1,2)
+
+      val = case args[ 0 ]
+
+      when Puppet::Pops::Types::PObjectType
+        lookup_type(scope, *args)
+
+      when String
+        raise ArgumentError, "lookup of name should only pass the name" unless args.size == 1
+        lookup_key(scope, key_factory.data_key(args[ 0 ]))
+
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, 'lookup using a key should only pass a single key' unless args.size == 1
+        lookup_key(scope, args[ 0 ])
+      end
+
+      # call block with result if given
+      if block
+        case block.arity
+        when 1
+          block.call(val)
+        when 2
+          block.call(scope, val)
+        else
+          raise ArgumentError, "The block should have arity 1 or 2"
+        end
+      else
+        val
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Produces a key for a type/name combination.
+    # @api private
+    def named_key(type, name)
+      key_factory.named_key(type, name)
+    end
+
+    # Produces a key for a PDataType/name combination
+    # @api private
+    def data_key(name)
+      key_factory.data_key(name)
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def lookup_type(scope, type, name='')
+      val = lookup_key(scope, named_key(type, name))
+      return nil if val.nil?
+      unless key_factory.type_calculator.instance?(type, val)
+        raise ArgumentError, "Type error: incompatible type, #{type_error_detail(type, val)}"
+      end
+      val
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def type_error_detail(expected, actual)
+      actual_t = type_calculator.infer(actual)
+      "expected: #{type_calculator.string(expected)}, got: #{type_calculator.string(actual_t)}"
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def lookup_key(scope, key)
+      if @recursion_lock.include?(key)
+        raise ArgumentError, "Lookup loop detected for key: #{key}"
+      end
+      begin
+        @recursion_lock.push(key)
+        case entry = get_entry(key)
+        when NilClass
+          @parent ? @parent.lookup_key(scope, key) : nil
+
+        when Puppet::Pops::Binder::InjectorEntry
+          val = produce(scope, entry)
+          return nil if val.nil?
+          unless key_factory.type_calculator.instance?(entry.binding.type, val)
+            raise "Type error: incompatible type returned by producer, #{type_error_detail(entry.binding.type, val)}"
+          end
+          val
+        when Producers::AssistedInjectProducer
+          entry.produce(scope)
+        else
+          # internal, direct entries
+          entry
+        end
+      ensure
+        @recursion_lock.pop()
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Should be used to get entries as it converts missing entries to NotFound entries or AssistedInject entries
+    #
+    # @api private
+    def get_entry(key)
+      case entry = entries[ key ]
+      when NilClass
+        # not found, is this an assisted inject?
+        if clazz = assistable_injected_class(key)
+          entry = Producers::AssistedInjectProducer.new(self, clazz)
+          entries[ key ] = entry
+        else
+          entries[ key ] = NotFound.new()
+          entry = nil
+        end
+      when NotFound
+        entry = nil
+      end
+      entry
+    end
+
+    # Returns contributions to a multibind in precedence order; highest first.
+    # Returns an Array on the form [ [key, entry], [key, entry]] where the key is intended to be used to lookup the value
+    # (or a producer) for that entry.
+    # @api private
+    def get_contributions(scope, contributions_key)
+      result = {}
+      return [] unless contributions = lookup_key(scope, contributions_key)
+      contributions.each { |k| result[k] = get_entry(k) }
+      result.sort {|a, b| a[0] <=> b[0] }
+      #result.sort_by {|key, entry| entry }
+    end
+
+    # Produces an injectable class given a key, or nil if key does not represent an injectable class
+    # @api private
+    #
+    def assistable_injected_class(key)
+      kt = key_factory.get_type(key)
+      return nil unless kt.is_a?(Puppet::Pops::Types::PRubyType) && !key_factory.is_named?(key)
+      type_calculator.injectable_class(kt)
+    end
+
+    def lookup_producer(scope, *args, &block)
+      raise ArgumentError, "lookup_producer should be called with two or three arguments, got: #{args.size()+1}" unless args.size <= 2
+
+      p = case args[ 0 ]
+      when Puppet::Pops::Types::PObjectType
+        lookup_producer_type(scope, *args)
+
+      when String
+        raise ArgumentError, "lookup_producer of name should only pass the name" unless args.size == 1
+        lookup_producer_key(scope, key_factory.data_key(args[ 0 ]))
+
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "lookup_producer using a key should only pass a single key" unless args.size == 1
+        lookup_producer_key(scope, args[ 0 ])
+      end
+
+      # call block with result if given
+      if block
+        case block.arity
+        when 1
+          block.call(p)
+        when 2
+          block.call(scope, p)
+        else
+          raise ArgumentError, "The block should have arity 1 or 2"
+        end
+      else
+        p
+      end
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def lookup_producer_key(scope, key)
+      if @recursion_lock.include?(key)
+        raise ArgumentError, "Lookup loop detected for key: #{key}"
+      end
+      begin
+        @recursion_lock.push(key)
+        producer(scope, get_entry(key), :multiple_use)
+      ensure
+        @recursion_lock.pop()
+      end
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def lookup_producer_type(scope, type, name='')
+      lookup_producer_key(scope, named_key(type, name))
+    end
+
+    # Returns the producer for the entry
+    # @return [Puppet::Pops::Binder::Producers::Producer] the entry's producer.
+    #
+    # @api private
+    #
+    def producer(scope, entry, use)
+      return nil unless entry # not found
+      return entry.producer(scope) if entry.is_a?(Producers::AssistedInjectProducer)
+      unless entry.cached_producer
+        entry.cached_producer = transform(entry.binding.producer, scope, entry)
+      end
+      unless entry.cached_producer
+        raise ArgumentError, "Injector entry without a producer #{format_binding(entry.binding)}"
+      end
+      entry.cached_producer.producer(scope)
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def transform(producer_descriptor, scope, entry)
+      @@transform_visitor.visit_this(self, producer_descriptor, scope, entry)
+    end
+
+    # Returns the produced instance
+    # @return [Object] the produced instance
+    # @api private
+    #
+    def produce(scope, entry)
+      return nil unless entry # not found
+      producer(scope, entry, :single_use).produce(scope)
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def named_arguments_to_hash(named_args)
+      nb = named_args.nil? ? [] : named_args
+      result = {}
+      nb.each {|arg| result[ :"#{arg.name}" ] = arg.value }
+      result
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def merge_producer_options(binding, options)
+      named_arguments_to_hash(binding.producer_args).merge(options)
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def format_binding(b)
+      Puppet::Pops::Binder::Binder.format_binding(b)
+    end
+
+    # Handles a  missing producer (which is valid for a Multibinding where one is selected automatically)
+    # @api private
+    #
+    def transform_NilClass(descriptor, scope, entry)
+      unless entry.binding.is_a?(Puppet::Pops::Binder::Bindings::Multibinding)
+        raise ArgumentError, "Binding without producer detected, #{format_binding(entry.binding)}"
+      end
+      case entry.binding.type
+      when Puppet::Pops::Types::PArrayType
+        transform(Puppet::Pops::Binder::Bindings::ArrayMultibindProducerDescriptor.new(), scope, entry)
+      when Puppet::Pops::Types::PHashType
+        transform(Puppet::Pops::Binder::Bindings::HashMultibindProducerDescriptor.new(), scope, entry)
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "Unsupported multibind type, must be an array or hash type, #{format_binding(entry.binding)}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def transform_ArrayMultibindProducerDescriptor(descriptor, scope, entry)
+      make_producer(Producers::ArrayMultibindProducer, descriptor, scope, entry, named_arguments_to_hash(entry.binding.producer_args))
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def transform_HashMultibindProducerDescriptor(descriptor, scope, entry)
+      make_producer(Producers::HashMultibindProducer, descriptor, scope, entry, named_arguments_to_hash(entry.binding.producer_args))
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def transform_ConstantProducerDescriptor(descriptor, scope, entry)
+      producer_class = singleton?(descriptor) ? Producers::SingletonProducer : Producers::DeepCloningProducer
+      producer_class.new(self, entry.binding, scope, merge_producer_options(entry.binding, {:value => descriptor.value}))
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def transform_InstanceProducerDescriptor(descriptor, scope, entry)
+      make_producer(Producers::InstantiatingProducer, descriptor, scope, entry,
+        merge_producer_options(entry.binding, {:class_name => descriptor.class_name, :init_args => descriptor.arguments}))
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def transform_EvaluatingProducerDescriptor(descriptor, scope, entry)
+      make_producer(Producers::EvaluatingProducer, descriptor, scope, entry,
+        merge_producer_options(entry.binding, {:expression => descriptor.expression}))
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def make_producer(clazz, descriptor, scope, entry, options)
+      singleton_wrapped(descriptor, scope, entry, clazz.new(self, entry.binding, scope, options))
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def singleton_wrapped(descriptor, scope, entry, producer)
+      return producer unless singleton?(descriptor)
+      Producers::SingletonProducer.new(self, entry.binding, scope,
+        merge_producer_options(entry.binding, {:value => producer.produce(scope)}))
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def transform_ProducerProducerDescriptor(descriptor, scope, entry)
+      p = transform(descriptor.producer, scope, entry)
+      clazz = singleton?(descriptor) ? Producers::SingletonProducerProducer : Producers::ProducerProducer
+      clazz.new(self, entry.binding, scope, merge_producer_options(entry.binding,
+        merge_producer_options(entry.binding, { :producer_producer => p })))
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def transform_LookupProducerDescriptor(descriptor, scope, entry)
+      make_producer(Producers::LookupProducer, descriptor, scope, entry,
+        merge_producer_options(entry.binding, {:type => descriptor.type, :name => descriptor.name}))
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def transform_HashLookupProducerDescriptor(descriptor, scope, entry)
+      make_producer(Producers::LookupKeyProducer, descriptor, scope,  entry,
+        merge_producer_options(entry.binding, {:type => descriptor.type, :name => descriptor.name, :key => descriptor.key}))
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def transform_NonCachingProducerDescriptor(descriptor, scope, entry)
+      # simply delegates to the wrapped producer
+      transform(descriptor.producer, scope, entry)
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def transform_FirstFoundProducerDescriptor(descriptor, scope, entry)
+      make_producer(Producers::FirstFoundProducer, descriptor, scope, entry,
+        merge_producer_options(entry.binding, {:producers => descriptor.producers.collect {|p| transform(p, scope, entry) }}))
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def singleton?(descriptor)
+      ! descriptor.eContainer().is_a?(Puppet::Pops::Binder::Bindings::NonCachingProducerDescriptor)
+    end
+
+    # Special marker class used in entries
+    # @api private
+    class NotFound
+    end
+  end
+end
+end