planetscale 0.1.0

data/vendor/google.golang.org/protobuf/encoding/prototext/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// Package prototext marshals and unmarshals protocol buffer messages as the
+// textproto format.
+package prototext

data/vendor/google.golang.org/protobuf/encoding/prototext/encode.go

@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package prototext
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/encoding/protowire"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/internal/encoding/messageset"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/internal/encoding/text"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/internal/errors"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/internal/flags"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/internal/genid"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/internal/order"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/internal/pragma"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/internal/strs"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
+	pref "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoregistry"
+)
+
+const defaultIndent = "  "
+
+// Format formats the message as a multiline string.
+// This function is only intended for human consumption and ignores errors.
+// Do not depend on the output being stable. It may change over time across
+// different versions of the program.
+func Format(m proto.Message) string {
+	return MarshalOptions{Multiline: true}.Format(m)
+}
+
+// Marshal writes the given proto.Message in textproto format using default
+// options. Do not depend on the output being stable. It may change over time
+// across different versions of the program.
+func Marshal(m proto.Message) ([]byte, error) {
+	return MarshalOptions{}.Marshal(m)
+}
+
+// MarshalOptions is a configurable text format marshaler.
+type MarshalOptions struct {
+	pragma.NoUnkeyedLiterals
+
+	// Multiline specifies whether the marshaler should format the output in
+	// indented-form with every textual element on a new line.
+	// If Indent is an empty string, then an arbitrary indent is chosen.
+	Multiline bool
+
+	// Indent specifies the set of indentation characters to use in a multiline
+	// formatted output such that every entry is preceded by Indent and
+	// terminated by a newline. If non-empty, then Multiline is treated as true.
+	// Indent can only be composed of space or tab characters.
+	Indent string
+
+	// EmitASCII specifies whether to format strings and bytes as ASCII only
+	// as opposed to using UTF-8 encoding when possible.
+	EmitASCII bool
+
+	// allowInvalidUTF8 specifies whether to permit the encoding of strings
+	// with invalid UTF-8. This is unexported as it is intended to only
+	// be specified by the Format method.
+	allowInvalidUTF8 bool
+
+	// AllowPartial allows messages that have missing required fields to marshal
+	// without returning an error. If AllowPartial is false (the default),
+	// Marshal will return error if there are any missing required fields.
+	AllowPartial bool
+
+	// EmitUnknown specifies whether to emit unknown fields in the output.
+	// If specified, the unmarshaler may be unable to parse the output.
+	// The default is to exclude unknown fields.
+	EmitUnknown bool
+
+	// Resolver is used for looking up types when expanding google.protobuf.Any
+	// messages. If nil, this defaults to using protoregistry.GlobalTypes.
+	Resolver interface {
+		protoregistry.ExtensionTypeResolver
+		protoregistry.MessageTypeResolver
+	}
+}
+
+// Format formats the message as a string.
+// This method is only intended for human consumption and ignores errors.
+// Do not depend on the output being stable. It may change over time across
+// different versions of the program.
+func (o MarshalOptions) Format(m proto.Message) string {
+	if m == nil || !m.ProtoReflect().IsValid() {
+		return "<nil>" // invalid syntax, but okay since this is for debugging
+	}
+	o.allowInvalidUTF8 = true
+	o.AllowPartial = true
+	o.EmitUnknown = true
+	b, _ := o.Marshal(m)
+	return string(b)
+}
+
+// Marshal writes the given proto.Message in textproto format using options in
+// MarshalOptions object. Do not depend on the output being stable. It may
+// change over time across different versions of the program.
+func (o MarshalOptions) Marshal(m proto.Message) ([]byte, error) {
+	return o.marshal(m)
+}
+
+// marshal is a centralized function that all marshal operations go through.
+// For profiling purposes, avoid changing the name of this function or
+// introducing other code paths for marshal that do not go through this.
+func (o MarshalOptions) marshal(m proto.Message) ([]byte, error) {
+	var delims = [2]byte{'{', '}'}
+
+	if o.Multiline && o.Indent == "" {
+		o.Indent = defaultIndent
+	}
+	if o.Resolver == nil {
+		o.Resolver = protoregistry.GlobalTypes
+	}
+
+	internalEnc, err := text.NewEncoder(o.Indent, delims, o.EmitASCII)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Treat nil message interface as an empty message,
+	// in which case there is nothing to output.
+	if m == nil {
+		return []byte{}, nil
+	}
+
+	enc := encoder{internalEnc, o}
+	err = enc.marshalMessage(m.ProtoReflect(), false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	out := enc.Bytes()
+	if len(o.Indent) > 0 && len(out) > 0 {
+		out = append(out, '\n')
+	}
+	if o.AllowPartial {
+		return out, nil
+	}
+	return out, proto.CheckInitialized(m)
+}
+
+type encoder struct {
+	*text.Encoder
+	opts MarshalOptions
+}
+
+// marshalMessage marshals the given protoreflect.Message.
+func (e encoder) marshalMessage(m pref.Message, inclDelims bool) error {
+	messageDesc := m.Descriptor()
+	if !flags.ProtoLegacy && messageset.IsMessageSet(messageDesc) {
+		return errors.New("no support for proto1 MessageSets")
+	}
+
+	if inclDelims {
+		e.StartMessage()
+		defer e.EndMessage()
+	}
+
+	// Handle Any expansion.
+	if messageDesc.FullName() == genid.Any_message_fullname {
+		if e.marshalAny(m) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		// If unable to expand, continue on to marshal Any as a regular message.
+	}
+
+	// Marshal fields.
+	var err error
+	order.RangeFields(m, order.IndexNameFieldOrder, func(fd protoreflect.FieldDescriptor, v protoreflect.Value) bool {
+		if err = e.marshalField(fd.TextName(), v, fd); err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		return true
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Marshal unknown fields.
+	if e.opts.EmitUnknown {
+		e.marshalUnknown(m.GetUnknown())
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// marshalField marshals the given field with protoreflect.Value.
+func (e encoder) marshalField(name string, val pref.Value, fd pref.FieldDescriptor) error {
+	switch {
+	case fd.IsList():
+		return e.marshalList(name, val.List(), fd)
+	case fd.IsMap():
+		return e.marshalMap(name, val.Map(), fd)
+	default:
+		e.WriteName(name)
+		return e.marshalSingular(val, fd)
+	}
+}
+
+// marshalSingular marshals the given non-repeated field value. This includes
+// all scalar types, enums, messages, and groups.
+func (e encoder) marshalSingular(val pref.Value, fd pref.FieldDescriptor) error {
+	kind := fd.Kind()
+	switch kind {
+	case pref.BoolKind:
+		e.WriteBool(val.Bool())
+
+	case pref.StringKind:
+		s := val.String()
+		if !e.opts.allowInvalidUTF8 && strs.EnforceUTF8(fd) && !utf8.ValidString(s) {
+			return errors.InvalidUTF8(string(fd.FullName()))
+		}
+		e.WriteString(s)
+
+	case pref.Int32Kind, pref.Int64Kind,
+		pref.Sint32Kind, pref.Sint64Kind,
+		pref.Sfixed32Kind, pref.Sfixed64Kind:
+		e.WriteInt(val.Int())
+
+	case pref.Uint32Kind, pref.Uint64Kind,
+		pref.Fixed32Kind, pref.Fixed64Kind:
+		e.WriteUint(val.Uint())
+
+	case pref.FloatKind:
+		// Encoder.WriteFloat handles the special numbers NaN and infinites.
+		e.WriteFloat(val.Float(), 32)
+
+	case pref.DoubleKind:
+		// Encoder.WriteFloat handles the special numbers NaN and infinites.
+		e.WriteFloat(val.Float(), 64)
+
+	case pref.BytesKind:
+		e.WriteString(string(val.Bytes()))
+
+	case pref.EnumKind:
+		num := val.Enum()
+		if desc := fd.Enum().Values().ByNumber(num); desc != nil {
+			e.WriteLiteral(string(desc.Name()))
+		} else {
+			// Use numeric value if there is no enum description.
+			e.WriteInt(int64(num))
+		}
+
+	case pref.MessageKind, pref.GroupKind:
+		return e.marshalMessage(val.Message(), true)
+
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("%v has unknown kind: %v", fd.FullName(), kind))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// marshalList marshals the given protoreflect.List as multiple name-value fields.
+func (e encoder) marshalList(name string, list pref.List, fd pref.FieldDescriptor) error {
+	size := list.Len()
+	for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
+		e.WriteName(name)
+		if err := e.marshalSingular(list.Get(i), fd); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// marshalMap marshals the given protoreflect.Map as multiple name-value fields.
+func (e encoder) marshalMap(name string, mmap pref.Map, fd pref.FieldDescriptor) error {
+	var err error
+	order.RangeEntries(mmap, order.GenericKeyOrder, func(key pref.MapKey, val pref.Value) bool {
+		e.WriteName(name)
+		e.StartMessage()
+		defer e.EndMessage()
+
+		e.WriteName(string(genid.MapEntry_Key_field_name))
+		err = e.marshalSingular(key.Value(), fd.MapKey())
+		if err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+
+		e.WriteName(string(genid.MapEntry_Value_field_name))
+		err = e.marshalSingular(val, fd.MapValue())
+		if err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		return true
+	})
+	return err
+}
+
+// marshalUnknown parses the given []byte and marshals fields out.
+// This function assumes proper encoding in the given []byte.
+func (e encoder) marshalUnknown(b []byte) {
+	const dec = 10
+	const hex = 16
+	for len(b) > 0 {
+		num, wtype, n := protowire.ConsumeTag(b)
+		b = b[n:]
+		e.WriteName(strconv.FormatInt(int64(num), dec))
+
+		switch wtype {
+		case protowire.VarintType:
+			var v uint64
+			v, n = protowire.ConsumeVarint(b)
+			e.WriteUint(v)
+		case protowire.Fixed32Type:
+			var v uint32
+			v, n = protowire.ConsumeFixed32(b)
+			e.WriteLiteral("0x" + strconv.FormatUint(uint64(v), hex))
+		case protowire.Fixed64Type:
+			var v uint64
+			v, n = protowire.ConsumeFixed64(b)
+			e.WriteLiteral("0x" + strconv.FormatUint(v, hex))
+		case protowire.BytesType:
+			var v []byte
+			v, n = protowire.ConsumeBytes(b)
+			e.WriteString(string(v))
+		case protowire.StartGroupType:
+			e.StartMessage()
+			var v []byte
+			v, n = protowire.ConsumeGroup(num, b)
+			e.marshalUnknown(v)
+			e.EndMessage()
+		default:
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("prototext: error parsing unknown field wire type: %v", wtype))
+		}
+
+		b = b[n:]
+	}
+}
+
+// marshalAny marshals the given google.protobuf.Any message in expanded form.
+// It returns true if it was able to marshal, else false.
+func (e encoder) marshalAny(any pref.Message) bool {
+	// Construct the embedded message.
+	fds := any.Descriptor().Fields()
+	fdType := fds.ByNumber(genid.Any_TypeUrl_field_number)
+	typeURL := any.Get(fdType).String()
+	mt, err := e.opts.Resolver.FindMessageByURL(typeURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	m := mt.New().Interface()
+
+	// Unmarshal bytes into embedded message.
+	fdValue := fds.ByNumber(genid.Any_Value_field_number)
+	value := any.Get(fdValue)
+	err = proto.UnmarshalOptions{
+		AllowPartial: true,
+		Resolver:     e.opts.Resolver,
+	}.Unmarshal(value.Bytes(), m)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Get current encoder position. If marshaling fails, reset encoder output
+	// back to this position.
+	pos := e.Snapshot()
+
+	// Field name is the proto field name enclosed in [].
+	e.WriteName("[" + typeURL + "]")
+	err = e.marshalMessage(m.ProtoReflect(), true)
+	if err != nil {
+		e.Reset(pos)
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}

data/vendor/google.golang.org/protobuf/encoding/protowire/wire.go

@@ -0,0 +1,538 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// Package protowire parses and formats the raw wire encoding.
+// See https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/encoding.
+//
+// For marshaling and unmarshaling entire protobuf messages,
+// use the "google.golang.org/protobuf/proto" package instead.
+package protowire
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"math"
+	"math/bits"
+
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/internal/errors"
+)
+
+// Number represents the field number.
+type Number int32
+
+const (
+	MinValidNumber      Number = 1
+	FirstReservedNumber Number = 19000
+	LastReservedNumber  Number = 19999
+	MaxValidNumber      Number = 1<<29 - 1
+)
+
+// IsValid reports whether the field number is semantically valid.
+//
+// Note that while numbers within the reserved range are semantically invalid,
+// they are syntactically valid in the wire format.
+// Implementations may treat records with reserved field numbers as unknown.
+func (n Number) IsValid() bool {
+	return MinValidNumber <= n && n < FirstReservedNumber || LastReservedNumber < n && n <= MaxValidNumber
+}
+
+// Type represents the wire type.
+type Type int8
+
+const (
+	VarintType     Type = 0
+	Fixed32Type    Type = 5
+	Fixed64Type    Type = 1
+	BytesType      Type = 2
+	StartGroupType Type = 3
+	EndGroupType   Type = 4
+)
+
+const (
+	_ = -iota
+	errCodeTruncated
+	errCodeFieldNumber
+	errCodeOverflow
+	errCodeReserved
+	errCodeEndGroup
+)
+
+var (
+	errFieldNumber = errors.New("invalid field number")
+	errOverflow    = errors.New("variable length integer overflow")
+	errReserved    = errors.New("cannot parse reserved wire type")
+	errEndGroup    = errors.New("mismatching end group marker")
+	errParse       = errors.New("parse error")
+)
+
+// ParseError converts an error code into an error value.
+// This returns nil if n is a non-negative number.
+func ParseError(n int) error {
+	if n >= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	switch n {
+	case errCodeTruncated:
+		return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	case errCodeFieldNumber:
+		return errFieldNumber
+	case errCodeOverflow:
+		return errOverflow
+	case errCodeReserved:
+		return errReserved
+	case errCodeEndGroup:
+		return errEndGroup
+	default:
+		return errParse
+	}
+}
+
+// ConsumeField parses an entire field record (both tag and value) and returns
+// the field number, the wire type, and the total length.
+// This returns a negative length upon an error (see ParseError).
+//
+// The total length includes the tag header and the end group marker (if the
+// field is a group).
+func ConsumeField(b []byte) (Number, Type, int) {
+	num, typ, n := ConsumeTag(b)
+	if n < 0 {
+		return 0, 0, n // forward error code
+	}
+	m := ConsumeFieldValue(num, typ, b[n:])
+	if m < 0 {
+		return 0, 0, m // forward error code
+	}
+	return num, typ, n + m
+}
+
+// ConsumeFieldValue parses a field value and returns its length.
+// This assumes that the field Number and wire Type have already been parsed.
+// This returns a negative length upon an error (see ParseError).
+//
+// When parsing a group, the length includes the end group marker and
+// the end group is verified to match the starting field number.
+func ConsumeFieldValue(num Number, typ Type, b []byte) (n int) {
+	switch typ {
+	case VarintType:
+		_, n = ConsumeVarint(b)
+		return n
+	case Fixed32Type:
+		_, n = ConsumeFixed32(b)
+		return n
+	case Fixed64Type:
+		_, n = ConsumeFixed64(b)
+		return n
+	case BytesType:
+		_, n = ConsumeBytes(b)
+		return n
+	case StartGroupType:
+		n0 := len(b)
+		for {
+			num2, typ2, n := ConsumeTag(b)
+			if n < 0 {
+				return n // forward error code
+			}
+			b = b[n:]
+			if typ2 == EndGroupType {
+				if num != num2 {
+					return errCodeEndGroup
+				}
+				return n0 - len(b)
+			}
+
+			n = ConsumeFieldValue(num2, typ2, b)
+			if n < 0 {
+				return n // forward error code
+			}
+			b = b[n:]
+		}
+	case EndGroupType:
+		return errCodeEndGroup
+	default:
+		return errCodeReserved
+	}
+}
+
+// AppendTag encodes num and typ as a varint-encoded tag and appends it to b.
+func AppendTag(b []byte, num Number, typ Type) []byte {
+	return AppendVarint(b, EncodeTag(num, typ))
+}
+
+// ConsumeTag parses b as a varint-encoded tag, reporting its length.
+// This returns a negative length upon an error (see ParseError).
+func ConsumeTag(b []byte) (Number, Type, int) {
+	v, n := ConsumeVarint(b)
+	if n < 0 {
+		return 0, 0, n // forward error code
+	}
+	num, typ := DecodeTag(v)
+	if num < MinValidNumber {
+		return 0, 0, errCodeFieldNumber
+	}
+	return num, typ, n
+}
+
+func SizeTag(num Number) int {
+	return SizeVarint(EncodeTag(num, 0)) // wire type has no effect on size
+}
+
+// AppendVarint appends v to b as a varint-encoded uint64.
+func AppendVarint(b []byte, v uint64) []byte {
+	switch {
+	case v < 1<<7:
+		b = append(b, byte(v))
+	case v < 1<<14:
+		b = append(b,
+			byte((v>>0)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte(v>>7))
+	case v < 1<<21:
+		b = append(b,
+			byte((v>>0)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>7)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte(v>>14))
+	case v < 1<<28:
+		b = append(b,
+			byte((v>>0)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>7)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>14)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte(v>>21))
+	case v < 1<<35:
+		b = append(b,
+			byte((v>>0)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>7)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>14)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>21)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte(v>>28))
+	case v < 1<<42:
+		b = append(b,
+			byte((v>>0)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>7)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>14)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>21)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>28)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte(v>>35))
+	case v < 1<<49:
+		b = append(b,
+			byte((v>>0)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>7)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>14)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>21)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>28)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>35)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte(v>>42))
+	case v < 1<<56:
+		b = append(b,
+			byte((v>>0)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>7)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>14)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>21)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>28)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>35)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>42)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte(v>>49))
+	case v < 1<<63:
+		b = append(b,
+			byte((v>>0)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>7)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>14)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>21)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>28)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>35)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>42)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>49)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte(v>>56))
+	default:
+		b = append(b,
+			byte((v>>0)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>7)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>14)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>21)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>28)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>35)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>42)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>49)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>56)&0x7f|0x80),
+			1)
+	}
+	return b
+}
+
+// ConsumeVarint parses b as a varint-encoded uint64, reporting its length.
+// This returns a negative length upon an error (see ParseError).
+func ConsumeVarint(b []byte) (v uint64, n int) {
+	var y uint64
+	if len(b) <= 0 {
+		return 0, errCodeTruncated
+	}
+	v = uint64(b[0])
+	if v < 0x80 {
+		return v, 1
+	}
+	v -= 0x80
+
+	if len(b) <= 1 {
+		return 0, errCodeTruncated
+	}
+	y = uint64(b[1])
+	v += y << 7
+	if y < 0x80 {
+		return v, 2
+	}
+	v -= 0x80 << 7
+
+	if len(b) <= 2 {
+		return 0, errCodeTruncated
+	}
+	y = uint64(b[2])
+	v += y << 14
+	if y < 0x80 {
+		return v, 3
+	}
+	v -= 0x80 << 14
+
+	if len(b) <= 3 {
+		return 0, errCodeTruncated
+	}
+	y = uint64(b[3])
+	v += y << 21
+	if y < 0x80 {
+		return v, 4
+	}
+	v -= 0x80 << 21
+
+	if len(b) <= 4 {
+		return 0, errCodeTruncated
+	}
+	y = uint64(b[4])
+	v += y << 28
+	if y < 0x80 {
+		return v, 5
+	}
+	v -= 0x80 << 28
+
+	if len(b) <= 5 {
+		return 0, errCodeTruncated
+	}
+	y = uint64(b[5])
+	v += y << 35
+	if y < 0x80 {
+		return v, 6
+	}
+	v -= 0x80 << 35
+
+	if len(b) <= 6 {
+		return 0, errCodeTruncated
+	}
+	y = uint64(b[6])
+	v += y << 42
+	if y < 0x80 {
+		return v, 7
+	}
+	v -= 0x80 << 42
+
+	if len(b) <= 7 {
+		return 0, errCodeTruncated
+	}
+	y = uint64(b[7])
+	v += y << 49
+	if y < 0x80 {
+		return v, 8
+	}
+	v -= 0x80 << 49
+
+	if len(b) <= 8 {
+		return 0, errCodeTruncated
+	}
+	y = uint64(b[8])
+	v += y << 56
+	if y < 0x80 {
+		return v, 9
+	}
+	v -= 0x80 << 56
+
+	if len(b) <= 9 {
+		return 0, errCodeTruncated
+	}
+	y = uint64(b[9])
+	v += y << 63
+	if y < 2 {
+		return v, 10
+	}
+	return 0, errCodeOverflow
+}
+
+// SizeVarint returns the encoded size of a varint.
+// The size is guaranteed to be within 1 and 10, inclusive.
+func SizeVarint(v uint64) int {
+	// This computes 1 + (bits.Len64(v)-1)/7.
+	// 9/64 is a good enough approximation of 1/7
+	return int(9*uint32(bits.Len64(v))+64) / 64
+}
+
+// AppendFixed32 appends v to b as a little-endian uint32.
+func AppendFixed32(b []byte, v uint32) []byte {
+	return append(b,
+		byte(v>>0),
+		byte(v>>8),
+		byte(v>>16),
+		byte(v>>24))
+}
+
+// ConsumeFixed32 parses b as a little-endian uint32, reporting its length.
+// This returns a negative length upon an error (see ParseError).
+func ConsumeFixed32(b []byte) (v uint32, n int) {
+	if len(b) < 4 {
+		return 0, errCodeTruncated
+	}
+	v = uint32(b[0])<<0 | uint32(b[1])<<8 | uint32(b[2])<<16 | uint32(b[3])<<24
+	return v, 4
+}
+
+// SizeFixed32 returns the encoded size of a fixed32; which is always 4.
+func SizeFixed32() int {
+	return 4
+}
+
+// AppendFixed64 appends v to b as a little-endian uint64.
+func AppendFixed64(b []byte, v uint64) []byte {
+	return append(b,
+		byte(v>>0),
+		byte(v>>8),
+		byte(v>>16),
+		byte(v>>24),
+		byte(v>>32),
+		byte(v>>40),
+		byte(v>>48),
+		byte(v>>56))
+}
+
+// ConsumeFixed64 parses b as a little-endian uint64, reporting its length.
+// This returns a negative length upon an error (see ParseError).
+func ConsumeFixed64(b []byte) (v uint64, n int) {
+	if len(b) < 8 {
+		return 0, errCodeTruncated
+	}
+	v = uint64(b[0])<<0 | uint64(b[1])<<8 | uint64(b[2])<<16 | uint64(b[3])<<24 | uint64(b[4])<<32 | uint64(b[5])<<40 | uint64(b[6])<<48 | uint64(b[7])<<56
+	return v, 8
+}
+
+// SizeFixed64 returns the encoded size of a fixed64; which is always 8.
+func SizeFixed64() int {
+	return 8
+}
+
+// AppendBytes appends v to b as a length-prefixed bytes value.
+func AppendBytes(b []byte, v []byte) []byte {
+	return append(AppendVarint(b, uint64(len(v))), v...)
+}
+
+// ConsumeBytes parses b as a length-prefixed bytes value, reporting its length.
+// This returns a negative length upon an error (see ParseError).
+func ConsumeBytes(b []byte) (v []byte, n int) {
+	m, n := ConsumeVarint(b)
+	if n < 0 {
+		return nil, n // forward error code
+	}
+	if m > uint64(len(b[n:])) {
+		return nil, errCodeTruncated
+	}
+	return b[n:][:m], n + int(m)
+}
+
+// SizeBytes returns the encoded size of a length-prefixed bytes value,
+// given only the length.
+func SizeBytes(n int) int {
+	return SizeVarint(uint64(n)) + n
+}
+
+// AppendString appends v to b as a length-prefixed bytes value.
+func AppendString(b []byte, v string) []byte {
+	return append(AppendVarint(b, uint64(len(v))), v...)
+}
+
+// ConsumeString parses b as a length-prefixed bytes value, reporting its length.
+// This returns a negative length upon an error (see ParseError).
+func ConsumeString(b []byte) (v string, n int) {
+	bb, n := ConsumeBytes(b)
+	return string(bb), n
+}
+
+// AppendGroup appends v to b as group value, with a trailing end group marker.
+// The value v must not contain the end marker.
+func AppendGroup(b []byte, num Number, v []byte) []byte {
+	return AppendVarint(append(b, v...), EncodeTag(num, EndGroupType))
+}
+
+// ConsumeGroup parses b as a group value until the trailing end group marker,
+// and verifies that the end marker matches the provided num. The value v
+// does not contain the end marker, while the length does contain the end marker.
+// This returns a negative length upon an error (see ParseError).
+func ConsumeGroup(num Number, b []byte) (v []byte, n int) {
+	n = ConsumeFieldValue(num, StartGroupType, b)
+	if n < 0 {
+		return nil, n // forward error code
+	}
+	b = b[:n]
+
+	// Truncate off end group marker, but need to handle denormalized varints.
+	// Assuming end marker is never 0 (which is always the case since
+	// EndGroupType is non-zero), we can truncate all trailing bytes where the
+	// lower 7 bits are all zero (implying that the varint is denormalized).
+	for len(b) > 0 && b[len(b)-1]&0x7f == 0 {
+		b = b[:len(b)-1]
+	}
+	b = b[:len(b)-SizeTag(num)]
+	return b, n
+}
+
+// SizeGroup returns the encoded size of a group, given only the length.
+func SizeGroup(num Number, n int) int {
+	return n + SizeTag(num)
+}
+
+// DecodeTag decodes the field Number and wire Type from its unified form.
+// The Number is -1 if the decoded field number overflows int32.
+// Other than overflow, this does not check for field number validity.
+func DecodeTag(x uint64) (Number, Type) {
+	// NOTE: MessageSet allows for larger field numbers than normal.
+	if x>>3 > uint64(math.MaxInt32) {
+		return -1, 0
+	}
+	return Number(x >> 3), Type(x & 7)
+}
+
+// EncodeTag encodes the field Number and wire Type into its unified form.
+func EncodeTag(num Number, typ Type) uint64 {
+	return uint64(num)<<3 | uint64(typ&7)
+}
+
+// DecodeZigZag decodes a zig-zag-encoded uint64 as an int64.
+//	Input:  {…,  5,  3,  1,  0,  2,  4,  6, …}
+//	Output: {…, -3, -2, -1,  0, +1, +2, +3, …}
+func DecodeZigZag(x uint64) int64 {
+	return int64(x>>1) ^ int64(x)<<63>>63
+}
+
+// EncodeZigZag encodes an int64 as a zig-zag-encoded uint64.
+//	Input:  {…, -3, -2, -1,  0, +1, +2, +3, …}
+//	Output: {…,  5,  3,  1,  0,  2,  4,  6, …}
+func EncodeZigZag(x int64) uint64 {
+	return uint64(x<<1) ^ uint64(x>>63)
+}
+
+// DecodeBool decodes a uint64 as a bool.
+//	Input:  {    0,    1,    2, …}
+//	Output: {false, true, true, …}
+func DecodeBool(x uint64) bool {
+	return x != 0
+}
+
+// EncodeBool encodes a bool as a uint64.
+//	Input:  {false, true}
+//	Output: {    0,    1}
+func EncodeBool(x bool) uint64 {
+	if x {
+		return 1
+	}
+	return 0
+}