pigeonhole-db 1.1.0

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/rbs-4.2.0/core/io.rbs

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+# <!-- rdoc-file=io.c -->
+# An instance of class IO (commonly called a *stream*) represents an
+# input/output stream in the underlying operating system. Class IO is the basis
+# for input and output in Ruby.
+#
+# Class File is the only class in the Ruby core that is a subclass of IO. Some
+# classes in the Ruby standard library are also subclasses of IO; these include
+# TCPSocket and UDPSocket.
+#
+# The global constant ARGF (also accessible as <code>$<</code>) provides an
+# IO-like stream that allows access to all file paths found in ARGV (or found in
+# STDIN if ARGV is empty). ARGF is not itself a subclass of IO.
+#
+# Class StringIO provides an IO-like stream that handles a String. StringIO is
+# not itself a subclass of IO.
+#
+# Important objects based on IO include:
+#
+# *   $stdin.
+# *   $stdout.
+# *   $stderr.
+# *   Instances of class File.
+#
+# An instance of IO may be created using:
+#
+# *   IO.new: returns a new IO object for the given integer file descriptor.
+# *   IO.open: passes a new IO object to the given block.
+# *   IO.popen: returns a new IO object that is connected to the $stdin and
+#     $stdout of a newly-launched subprocess.
+# *   Kernel#open: Returns a new IO object connected to a given source: stream,
+#     file, or subprocess.
+#
+# Like a File stream, an IO stream has:
+#
+# *   A read/write mode, which may be read-only, write-only, or read/write; see
+#     [Read/Write Mode](rdoc-ref:File@Read-2FWrite+Mode).
+# *   A data mode, which may be text-only or binary; see [Data
+#     Mode](rdoc-ref:File@Data+Mode).
+# *   Internal and external encodings; see [Encodings](rdoc-ref:File@Encodings).
+#
+# And like other IO streams, it has:
+#
+# *   A position, which determines where in the stream the next read or write is
+#     to occur; see [Position](rdoc-ref:IO@Position).
+# *   A line number, which is a special, line-oriented, "position" (different
+#     from the position mentioned above); see [Line
+#     Number](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Number).
+#
+# ## Extension <code>io/console</code>
+#
+# Extension <code>io/console</code> provides numerous methods for interacting
+# with the console; requiring it adds numerous methods to class IO.
+#
+# ## Example Files
+#
+# Many examples here use these variables:
+#
+#     # English text with newlines.
+#     text = <<~EOT
+#       First line
+#       Second line
+#
+#       Fourth line
+#       Fifth line
+#     EOT
+#
+#     # Russian text.
+#     russian = "\u{442 435 441 442}" # => "тест"
+#
+#     # Binary data.
+#     data = "\u9990\u9991\u9992\u9993\u9994"
+#
+#     # Text file.
+#     File.write('t.txt', text)
+#
+#     # File with Russian text.
+#     File.write('t.rus', russian)
+#
+#     # File with binary data.
+#     f = File.new('t.dat', 'wb:UTF-16')
+#     f.write(data)
+#     f.close
+#
+# ## Open Options
+#
+# A number of IO methods accept optional keyword arguments that determine how a
+# new stream is to be opened:
+#
+# *   <code>:mode</code>: Stream mode.
+# *   <code>:flags</code>: Integer file open flags; If `mode` is also given, the
+#     two are bitwise-ORed.
+# *   <code>:external_encoding</code>: External encoding for the stream.
+# *   <code>:internal_encoding</code>: Internal encoding for the stream.
+#     <code>'-'</code> is a synonym for the default internal encoding. If the
+#     value is `nil` no conversion occurs.
+# *   <code>:encoding</code>: Specifies external and internal encodings as
+#     <code>'extern:intern'</code>.
+# *   <code>:textmode</code>: If a truthy value, specifies the mode as
+#     text-only, binary otherwise.
+# *   <code>:binmode</code>: If a truthy value, specifies the mode as binary,
+#     text-only otherwise.
+# *   <code>:autoclose</code>: If a truthy value, specifies that the `fd` will
+#     close when the stream closes; otherwise it remains open.
+# *   <code>:path:</code> If a string value is provided, it is used in #inspect
+#     and is available as #path method.
+#
+# Also available are the options offered in String#encode, which may control
+# conversion between external and internal encoding.
+#
+# ## Basic IO
+#
+# You can perform basic stream IO with these methods, which typically operate on
+# multi-byte strings:
+#
+# *   IO#read: Reads and returns some or all of the remaining bytes from the
+#     stream.
+# *   IO#write: Writes zero or more strings to the stream; each given object
+#     that is not already a string is converted via `to_s`.
+#
+# ### Position
+#
+# An IO stream has a nonnegative integer *position*, which is the byte offset at
+# which the next read or write is to occur. A new stream has position zero (and
+# line number zero); method `rewind` resets the position (and line number) to
+# zero.
+#
+# These methods discard [buffers](rdoc-ref:IO@Buffering) and the
+# Encoding::Converter instances used for that IO.
+#
+# The relevant methods:
+#
+# *   IO#tell (aliased as <code>#pos</code>): Returns the current position (in
+#     bytes) in the stream.
+# *   IO#pos=: Sets the position of the stream to a given integer `new_position`
+#     (in bytes).
+# *   IO#seek: Sets the position of the stream to a given integer `offset` (in
+#     bytes), relative to a given position `whence` (indicating the beginning,
+#     end, or current position).
+# *   IO#rewind: Positions the stream at the beginning (also resetting the line
+#     number).
+#
+# ### Open and Closed Streams
+#
+# A new IO stream may be open for reading, open for writing, or both.
+#
+# A stream is automatically closed when claimed by the garbage collector.
+#
+# Attempted reading or writing on a closed stream raises an exception.
+#
+# The relevant methods:
+#
+# *   IO#close: Closes the stream for both reading and writing.
+# *   IO#close_read: Closes the stream for reading.
+# *   IO#close_write: Closes the stream for writing.
+# *   IO#closed?: Returns whether the stream is closed.
+#
+# ### End-of-Stream
+#
+# You can query whether a stream is positioned at its end:
+#
+# *   IO#eof? (also aliased as <code>#eof</code>): Returns whether the stream is
+#     at end-of-stream.
+#
+# You can reposition to end-of-stream by using method IO#seek:
+#
+#     f = File.new('t.txt')
+#     f.eof? # => false
+#     f.seek(0, :END)
+#     f.eof? # => true
+#     f.close
+#
+# Or by reading all stream content (which is slower than using IO#seek):
+#
+#     f.rewind
+#     f.eof? # => false
+#     f.read # => "First line\nSecond line\n\nFourth line\nFifth line\n"
+#     f.eof? # => true
+#
+# ## Line IO
+#
+# Class IO supports line-oriented [input](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Input) and
+# [output](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Output)
+#
+# ### Line Input
+#
+# Class IO supports line-oriented input for [files](rdoc-ref:IO@File+Line+Input)
+# and [IO streams](rdoc-ref:IO@Stream+Line+Input)
+#
+# #### File Line Input
+#
+# You can read lines from a file using these methods:
+#
+# *   IO.foreach: Reads each line and passes it to the given block.
+# *   IO.readlines: Reads and returns all lines in an array.
+#
+# For each of these methods:
+#
+# *   You can specify [open options](rdoc-ref:IO@Open+Options).
+# *   Line parsing depends on the effective *line separator*; see [Line
+#     Separator](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Separator).
+# *   The length of each returned line depends on the effective *line limit*;
+#     see [Line Limit](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Limit).
+#
+# #### Stream Line Input
+#
+# You can read lines from an IO stream using these methods:
+#
+# *   IO#each_line: Reads each remaining line, passing it to the given block.
+# *   IO#gets: Returns the next line.
+# *   IO#readline: Like #gets, but raises an exception at end-of-stream.
+# *   IO#readlines: Returns all remaining lines in an array.
+#
+# For each of these methods:
+#
+# *   Reading may begin mid-line, depending on the stream's *position*; see
+#     [Position](rdoc-ref:IO@Position).
+# *   Line parsing depends on the effective *line separator*; see [Line
+#     Separator](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Separator).
+# *   The length of each returned line depends on the effective *line limit*;
+#     see [Line Limit](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Limit).
+#
+# ##### Line Separator
+#
+# Each of the [line input methods](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Input) uses a *line
+# separator*: the string that determines what is considered a line; it is
+# sometimes called the *input record separator*.
+#
+# The default line separator is taken from global variable <code>$/</code>,
+# whose initial value is <code>"\n"</code>.
+#
+# Generally, the line to be read next is all data from the current
+# [position](rdoc-ref:IO@Position) to the next line separator (but see [Special
+# Line Separator Values](rdoc-ref:IO@Special+Line+Separator+Values)):
+#
+#     f = File.new('t.txt')
+#     # Method gets with no sep argument returns the next line, according to $/.
+#     f.gets # => "First line\n"
+#     f.gets # => "Second line\n"
+#     f.gets # => "\n"
+#     f.gets # => "Fourth line\n"
+#     f.gets # => "Fifth line\n"
+#     f.close
+#
+# You can use a different line separator by passing argument `sep`:
+#
+#     f = File.new('t.txt')
+#     f.gets('l')   # => "First l"
+#     f.gets('li')  # => "ine\nSecond li"
+#     f.gets('lin') # => "ne\n\nFourth lin"
+#     f.gets        # => "e\n"
+#     f.close
+#
+# Or by setting global variable <code>$/</code>:
+#
+#     f = File.new('t.txt')
+#     $/ = 'l'
+#     f.gets # => "First l"
+#     f.gets # => "ine\nSecond l"
+#     f.gets # => "ine\n\nFourth l"
+#     f.close
+#
+# ##### Special Line Separator Values
+#
+# Each of the [line input methods](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Input) accepts two special
+# values for parameter `sep`:
+#
+# *   `nil`: The entire stream is to be read ("slurped") into a single string:
+#
+#         f = File.new('t.txt')
+#         f.gets(nil) # => "First line\nSecond line\n\nFourth line\nFifth line\n"
+#         f.close
+#
+# *   <code>''</code> (the empty string): The next "paragraph" is to be read
+#     (paragraphs being separated by two consecutive line separators):
+#
+#         f = File.new('t.txt')
+#         f.gets('') # => "First line\nSecond line\n\n"
+#         f.gets('') # => "Fourth line\nFifth line\n"
+#         f.close
+#
+# ##### Line Limit
+#
+# Each of the [line input methods](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Input) uses an integer *line
+# limit*, which restricts the number of bytes that may be returned. (A
+# multi-byte character will not be split, and so a returned line may be slightly
+# longer than the limit).
+#
+# The default limit value is <code>-1</code>; any negative limit value means
+# that there is no limit.
+#
+# If there is no limit, the line is determined only by `sep`.
+#
+#     # Text with 1-byte characters.
+#     File.open('t.txt') {|f| f.gets(1) }  # => "F"
+#     File.open('t.txt') {|f| f.gets(2) }  # => "Fi"
+#     File.open('t.txt') {|f| f.gets(3) }  # => "Fir"
+#     File.open('t.txt') {|f| f.gets(4) }  # => "Firs"
+#     # No more than one line.
+#     File.open('t.txt') {|f| f.gets(10) } # => "First line"
+#     File.open('t.txt') {|f| f.gets(11) } # => "First line\n"
+#     File.open('t.txt') {|f| f.gets(12) } # => "First line\n"
+#
+#     # Text with 2-byte characters, which will not be split.
+#     File.open('t.rus') {|f| f.gets(1).size } # => 1
+#     File.open('t.rus') {|f| f.gets(2).size } # => 1
+#     File.open('t.rus') {|f| f.gets(3).size } # => 2
+#     File.open('t.rus') {|f| f.gets(4).size } # => 2
+#
+# ##### Line Separator and Line Limit
+#
+# With arguments `sep` and `limit` given, combines the two behaviors:
+#
+# *   Returns the next line as determined by line separator `sep`.
+# *   But returns no more bytes than are allowed by the limit `limit`.
+#
+# Example:
+#
+#     File.open('t.txt') {|f| f.gets('li', 20) } # => "First li"
+#     File.open('t.txt') {|f| f.gets('li', 2) }  # => "Fi"
+#
+# ##### Line Number
+#
+# A readable IO stream has a non-negative integer *line number*:
+#
+# *   IO#lineno: Returns the line number.
+# *   IO#lineno=: Resets and returns the line number.
+#
+# Unless modified by a call to method IO#lineno=, the line number is the number
+# of lines read by certain line-oriented methods, according to the effective
+# [line separator](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Separator):
+#
+# *   IO.foreach: Increments the line number on each call to the block.
+# *   IO#each_line: Increments the line number on each call to the block.
+# *   IO#gets: Increments the line number.
+# *   IO#readline: Increments the line number.
+# *   IO#readlines: Increments the line number for each line read.
+#
+# A new stream is initially has line number zero (and position zero); method
+# `rewind` resets the line number (and position) to zero:
+#
+#     f = File.new('t.txt')
+#     f.lineno # => 0
+#     f.gets   # => "First line\n"
+#     f.lineno # => 1
+#     f.rewind
+#     f.lineno # => 0
+#     f.close
+#
+# Reading lines from a stream usually changes its line number:
+#
+#     f = File.new('t.txt', 'r')
+#     f.lineno   # => 0
+#     f.readline # => "This is line one.\n"
+#     f.lineno   # => 1
+#     f.readline # => "This is the second line.\n"
+#     f.lineno   # => 2
+#     f.readline # => "Here's the third line.\n"
+#     f.lineno   # => 3
+#     f.eof?     # => true
+#     f.close
+#
+# Iterating over lines in a stream usually changes its line number:
+#
+#     File.open('t.txt') do |f|
+#       f.each_line do |line|
+#         p "position=#{f.pos} eof?=#{f.eof?} lineno=#{f.lineno}"
+#       end
+#     end
+#
+# Output:
+#
+#     "position=11 eof?=false lineno=1"
+#     "position=23 eof?=false lineno=2"
+#     "position=24 eof?=false lineno=3"
+#     "position=36 eof?=false lineno=4"
+#     "position=47 eof?=true lineno=5"
+#
+# Unlike the stream's [position](rdoc-ref:IO@Position), the line number does not
+# affect where the next read or write will occur:
+#
+#     f = File.new('t.txt')
+#     f.lineno = 1000
+#     f.lineno # => 1000
+#     f.gets   # => "First line\n"
+#     f.lineno # => 1001
+#     f.close
+#
+# Associated with the line number is the global variable <code>$.</code>:
+#
+# *   When a stream is opened, <code>$.</code> is not set; its value is left
+#     over from previous activity in the process:
+#
+#         $. = 41
+#         f = File.new('t.txt')
+#         $. = 41
+#         # => 41
+#         f.close
+#
+# *   When a stream is read, <code>$.</code> is set to the line number for that
+#     stream:
+#
+#         f0 = File.new('t.txt')
+#         f1 = File.new('t.dat')
+#         f0.readlines # => ["First line\n", "Second line\n", "\n", "Fourth line\n", "Fifth line\n"]
+#         $.           # => 5
+#         f1.readlines # => ["\xFE\xFF\x99\x90\x99\x91\x99\x92\x99\x93\x99\x94"]
+#         $.           # => 1
+#         f0.close
+#         f1.close
+#
+# *   Methods IO#rewind and IO#seek do not affect <code>$.</code>:
+#
+#         f = File.new('t.txt')
+#         f.readlines # => ["First line\n", "Second line\n", "\n", "Fourth line\n", "Fifth line\n"]
+#         $.          # => 5
+#         f.rewind
+#         f.seek(0, :SET)
+#         $.          # => 5
+#         f.close
+#
+# ### Line Output
+#
+# You can write to an IO stream line-by-line using this method:
+#
+# *   IO#puts: Writes objects to the stream.
+#
+# ## Character IO
+#
+# You can process an IO stream character-by-character using these methods:
+#
+# *   IO#getc: Reads and returns the next character from the stream.
+# *   IO#readchar: Like #getc, but raises an exception at end-of-stream.
+# *   IO#ungetc: Pushes back ("unshifts") a character or integer onto the
+#     stream.
+# *   IO#putc: Writes a character to the stream.
+# *   IO#each_char: Reads each remaining character in the stream, passing the
+#     character to the given block.
+#
+# ## Byte IO
+#
+# You can process an IO stream byte-by-byte using these methods:
+#
+# *   IO#getbyte: Returns the next 8-bit byte as an integer in range 0..255.
+# *   IO#readbyte: Like #getbyte, but raises an exception if at end-of-stream.
+# *   IO#ungetbyte: Pushes back ("unshifts") a byte back onto the stream.
+# *   IO#each_byte: Reads each remaining byte in the stream, passing the byte to
+#     the given block.
+#
+# ## Codepoint IO
+#
+# You can process an IO stream codepoint-by-codepoint:
+#
+# *   IO#each_codepoint: Reads each remaining codepoint, passing it to the given
+#     block.
+#
+# ## What's Here
+#
+# First, what's elsewhere. Class IO:
+#
+# *   Inherits from [class Object](rdoc-ref:Object@What-27s+Here).
+# *   Includes [module Enumerable](rdoc-ref:Enumerable@What-27s+Here), which
+#     provides dozens of additional methods.
+#
+# Here, class IO provides methods that are useful for:
+#
+# *   [Creating](rdoc-ref:IO@Creating)
+# *   [Reading](rdoc-ref:IO@Reading)
+# *   [Writing](rdoc-ref:IO@Writing)
+# *   [Positioning](rdoc-ref:IO@Positioning)
+# *   [Iterating](rdoc-ref:IO@Iterating)
+# *   [Settings](rdoc-ref:IO@Settings)
+# *   [Querying](rdoc-ref:IO@Querying)
+# *   [Buffering](rdoc-ref:IO@Buffering)
+# *   [Low-Level Access](rdoc-ref:IO@Low-Level+Access)
+# *   [Other](rdoc-ref:IO@Other)
+#
+# ### Creating
+#
+# *   ::new (aliased as ::for_fd): Creates and returns a new IO object for the
+#     given integer file descriptor.
+# *   ::open: Creates a new IO object.
+# *   ::pipe: Creates a connected pair of reader and writer IO objects.
+# *   ::popen: Creates an IO object to interact with a subprocess.
+# *   ::select: Selects which given IO instances are ready for reading, writing,
+#     or have pending exceptions.
+#
+# ### Reading
+#
+# *   ::binread: Returns a binary string with all or a subset of bytes from the
+#     given file.
+# *   ::read: Returns a string with all or a subset of bytes from the given
+#     file.
+# *   ::readlines: Returns an array of strings, which are the lines from the
+#     given file.
+# *   #getbyte: Returns the next 8-bit byte read from `self` as an integer.
+# *   #getc: Returns the next character read from `self` as a string.
+# *   #gets: Returns the line read from `self`.
+# *   #pread: Returns all or the next *n* bytes read from `self`, not updating
+#     the receiver's offset.
+# *   #read: Returns all remaining or the next *n* bytes read from `self` for a
+#     given *n*.
+# *   #read_nonblock: the next *n* bytes read from `self` for a given *n*, in
+#     non-block mode.
+# *   #readbyte: Returns the next byte read from `self`; same as #getbyte, but
+#     raises an exception on end-of-stream.
+# *   #readchar: Returns the next character read from `self`; same as #getc, but
+#     raises an exception on end-of-stream.
+# *   #readline: Returns the next line read from `self`; same as #getline, but
+#     raises an exception of end-of-stream.
+# *   #readlines: Returns an array of all lines read read from `self`.
+# *   #readpartial: Returns up to the given number of bytes from `self`.
+#
+# ### Writing
+#
+# *   ::binwrite: Writes the given string to the file at the given filepath, in
+#     binary mode.
+# *   ::write: Writes the given string to `self`.
+# *   #<<: Appends the given string to `self`.
+# *   #print: Prints last read line or given objects to `self`.
+# *   #printf: Writes to `self` based on the given format string and objects.
+# *   #putc: Writes a character to `self`.
+# *   #puts: Writes lines to `self`, making sure line ends with a newline.
+# *   #pwrite: Writes the given string at the given offset, not updating the
+#     receiver's offset.
+# *   #write: Writes one or more given strings to `self`.
+# *   #write_nonblock: Writes one or more given strings to `self` in
+#     non-blocking mode.
+#
+# ### Positioning
+#
+# *   #lineno: Returns the current line number in `self`.
+# *   #lineno=: Sets the line number is `self`.
+# *   #pos (aliased as #tell): Returns the current byte offset in `self`.
+# *   #pos=: Sets the byte offset in `self`.
+# *   #reopen: Reassociates `self` with a new or existing IO stream.
+# *   #rewind: Positions `self` to the beginning of input.
+# *   #seek: Sets the offset for `self` relative to given position.
+#
+# ### Iterating
+#
+# *   ::foreach: Yields each line of given file to the block.
+# *   #each (aliased as #each_line): Calls the given block with each successive
+#     line in `self`.
+# *   #each_byte: Calls the given block with each successive byte in `self` as
+#     an integer.
+# *   #each_char: Calls the given block with each successive character in `self`
+#     as a string.
+# *   #each_codepoint: Calls the given block with each successive codepoint in
+#     `self` as an integer.
+#
+# ### Settings
+#
+# *   #autoclose=: Sets whether `self` auto-closes.
+# *   #binmode: Sets `self` to binary mode.
+# *   #close: Closes `self`.
+# *   #close_on_exec=: Sets the close-on-exec flag.
+# *   #close_read: Closes `self` for reading.
+# *   #close_write: Closes `self` for writing.
+# *   #set_encoding: Sets the encoding for `self`.
+# *   #set_encoding_by_bom: Sets the encoding for `self`, based on its Unicode
+#     byte-order-mark.
+# *   #sync=: Sets the sync-mode to the given value.
+#
+# ### Querying
+#
+# *   #autoclose?: Returns whether `self` auto-closes.
+# *   #binmode?: Returns whether `self` is in binary mode.
+# *   #close_on_exec?: Returns the close-on-exec flag for `self`.
+# *   #closed?: Returns whether `self` is closed.
+# *   #eof? (aliased as #eof): Returns whether `self` is at end-of-stream.
+# *   #external_encoding: Returns the external encoding object for `self`.
+# *   #fileno (aliased as #to_i): Returns the integer file descriptor for `self`
+# *   #internal_encoding: Returns the internal encoding object for `self`.
+# *   #pid: Returns the process ID of a child process associated with `self`, if
+#     `self` was created by ::popen.
+# *   #stat: Returns the File::Stat object containing status information for
+#     `self`.
+# *   #sync: Returns whether `self` is in sync-mode.
+# *   #tty? (aliased as #isatty): Returns whether `self` is a terminal.
+#
+# ### Buffering
+#
+# *   #fdatasync: Immediately writes all buffered data in `self` to disk.
+# *   #flush: Flushes any buffered data within `self` to the underlying
+#     operating system.
+# *   #fsync: Immediately writes all buffered data and attributes in `self` to
+#     disk.
+# *   #ungetbyte: Prepends buffer for `self` with given integer byte or string.
+# *   #ungetc: Prepends buffer for `self` with given string.
+#
+# ### Low-Level Access
+#
+# *   ::sysopen: Opens the file given by its path, returning the integer file
+#     descriptor.
+# *   #advise: Announces the intention to access data from `self` in a specific
+#     way.
+# *   #fcntl: Passes a low-level command to the file specified by the given file
+#     descriptor.
+# *   #ioctl: Passes a low-level command to the device specified by the given
+#     file descriptor.
+# *   #sysread: Returns up to the next *n* bytes read from self using a
+#     low-level read.
+# *   #sysseek: Sets the offset for `self`.
+# *   #syswrite: Writes the given string to `self` using a low-level write.
+#
+# ### Other
+#
+# *   ::copy_stream: Copies data from a source to a destination, each of which
+#     is a filepath or an IO-like object.
+# *   ::try_convert: Returns a new IO object resulting from converting the given
+#     object.
+# *   #inspect: Returns the string representation of `self`.
+#
+%a{annotate:rdoc:source:from=io.c}
+class IO < Object
+  include File::Constants
+
+  include Enumerable[String]
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - self << object -> self
+  # -->
+  # Writes the given `object` to `self`, which must be opened for writing (see
+  # [Access Modes](rdoc-ref:File@Access+Modes)); returns `self`; if `object` is
+  # not a string, it is converted via method `to_s`:
+  #
+  #     $stdout << 'Hello' << ', ' << 'World!' << "\n"
+  #     $stdout << 'foo' << :bar << 2 << "\n"
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     Hello, World!
+  #     foobar2
+  #
+  def <<: (_ToS obj) -> self
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - advise(advice, offset = 0, len = 0) -> nil
+  # -->
+  # Invokes Posix system call
+  # [posix_fadvise(2)](https://linux.die.net/man/2/posix_fadvise), which announces
+  # an intention to access data from the current file in a particular manner.
+  #
+  # The arguments and results are platform-dependent.
+  #
+  # The relevant data is specified by:
+  #
+  # *   `offset`: The offset of the first byte of data.
+  # *   `len`: The number of bytes to be accessed; if `len` is zero, or is larger
+  #     than the number of bytes remaining, all remaining bytes will be accessed.
+  #
+  # Argument `advice` is one of the following symbols:
+  #
+  # *   <code>:normal</code>: The application has no advice to give about its
+  #     access pattern for the specified data. If no advice is given for an open
+  #     file, this is the default assumption.
+  # *   <code>:sequential</code>: The application expects to access the specified
+  #     data sequentially (with lower offsets read before higher ones).
+  # *   <code>:random</code>: The specified data will be accessed in random order.
+  # *   <code>:noreuse</code>: The specified data will be accessed only once.
+  # *   <code>:willneed</code>: The specified data will be accessed in the near
+  #     future.
+  # *   <code>:dontneed</code>: The specified data will not be accessed in the
+  #     near future.
+  #
+  # Not implemented on all platforms.
+  #
+  def advise: (:normal | :sequential | :random | :willneed | :dontneed | :noreuse advise, ?Integer offset, ?Integer len) -> nil
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - io.autoclose = bool    -> true or false
+  # -->
+  # Sets auto-close flag.
+  #
+  #     f = File.open(File::NULL)
+  #     IO.for_fd(f.fileno).close
+  #     f.gets # raises Errno::EBADF
+  #
+  #     f = File.open(File::NULL)
+  #     g = IO.for_fd(f.fileno)
+  #     g.autoclose = false
+  #     g.close
+  #     f.gets # won't cause Errno::EBADF
+  #
+  def autoclose=: (boolish bool) -> boolish
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - ios.autoclose?   -> true or false
+  # -->
+  # Returns `true` if the underlying file descriptor of *ios* will be closed at
+  # its finalization or at calling #close, otherwise `false`.
+  #
+  def autoclose?: () -> bool
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - binmode -> self
+  # -->
+  # Sets the stream's data mode as binary (see [Data
+  # Mode](rdoc-ref:File@Data+Mode)).
+  #
+  # A stream's data mode may not be changed from binary to text.
+  #
+  def binmode: () -> self
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - binmode? -> true or false
+  # -->
+  # Returns `true` if the stream is on binary mode, `false` otherwise. See [Data
+  # Mode](rdoc-ref:File@Data+Mode).
+  #
+  def binmode?: () -> bool
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - close -> nil
+  # -->
+  # Closes the stream for both reading and writing if open for either or both;
+  # returns `nil`. See [Open and Closed
+  # Streams](rdoc-ref:IO@Open+and+Closed+Streams).
+  #
+  # If the stream is open for writing, flushes any buffered writes to the
+  # operating system before closing.
+  #
+  # If the stream was opened by IO.popen, sets global variable <code>$?</code>
+  # (child exit status).
+  #
+  # It is not an error to close an IO object that has already been closed. It just
+  # returns nil.
+  #
+  # Example:
+  #
+  #     IO.popen('ruby', 'r+') do |pipe|
+  #       puts pipe.closed?
+  #       pipe.close
+  #       puts $?
+  #       puts pipe.closed?
+  #     end
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     false
+  #     pid 13760 exit 0
+  #     true
+  #
+  # Related: IO#close_read, IO#close_write, IO#closed?.
+  #
+  def close: () -> nil
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - self.close_on_exec = bool -> true or false
+  # -->
+  # Sets a close-on-exec flag.
+  #
+  #     f = File.open(File::NULL)
+  #     f.close_on_exec = true
+  #     system("cat", "/proc/self/fd/#{f.fileno}") # cat: /proc/self/fd/3: No such file or directory
+  #     f.closed?                #=> false
+  #
+  # Ruby sets close-on-exec flags of all file descriptors by default since Ruby
+  # 2.0.0. So you don't need to set by yourself. Also, unsetting a close-on-exec
+  # flag can cause file descriptor leak if another thread use fork() and exec()
+  # (via system() method for example). If you really needs file descriptor
+  # inheritance to child process, use spawn()'s argument such as fd=>fd.
+  #
+  def close_on_exec=: (boolish bool) -> nil
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - close_on_exec? -> true or false
+  # -->
+  # Returns `true` if the stream will be closed on exec, `false` otherwise:
+  #
+  #     f = File.open('t.txt')
+  #     f.close_on_exec? # => true
+  #     f.close_on_exec = false
+  #     f.close_on_exec? # => false
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  def close_on_exec?: () -> bool
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - close_read -> nil
+  # -->
+  # Closes the stream for reading if open for reading; returns `nil`. See [Open
+  # and Closed Streams](rdoc-ref:IO@Open+and+Closed+Streams).
+  #
+  # If the stream was opened by IO.popen and is also closed for writing, sets
+  # global variable <code>$?</code> (child exit status).
+  #
+  # Example:
+  #
+  #     IO.popen('ruby', 'r+') do |pipe|
+  #       puts pipe.closed?
+  #       pipe.close_write
+  #       puts pipe.closed?
+  #       pipe.close_read
+  #       puts $?
+  #       puts pipe.closed?
+  #     end
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     false
+  #     false
+  #     pid 14748 exit 0
+  #     true
+  #
+  # Related: IO#close, IO#close_write, IO#closed?.
+  #
+  def close_read: () -> nil
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - close_write -> nil
+  # -->
+  # Closes the stream for writing if open for writing; returns `nil`. See [Open
+  # and Closed Streams](rdoc-ref:IO@Open+and+Closed+Streams).
+  #
+  # Flushes any buffered writes to the operating system before closing.
+  #
+  # If the stream was opened by IO.popen and is also closed for reading, sets
+  # global variable <code>$?</code> (child exit status).
+  #
+  #     IO.popen('ruby', 'r+') do |pipe|
+  #       puts pipe.closed?
+  #       pipe.close_read
+  #       puts pipe.closed?
+  #       pipe.close_write
+  #       puts $?
+  #       puts pipe.closed?
+  #     end
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     false
+  #     false
+  #     pid 15044 exit 0
+  #     true
+  #
+  # Related: IO#close, IO#close_read, IO#closed?.
+  #
+  def close_write: () -> nil
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - closed? -> true or false
+  # -->
+  # Returns `true` if the stream is closed for both reading and writing, `false`
+  # otherwise. See [Open and Closed Streams](rdoc-ref:IO@Open+and+Closed+Streams).
+  #
+  #     IO.popen('ruby', 'r+') do |pipe|
+  #       puts pipe.closed?
+  #       pipe.close_read
+  #       puts pipe.closed?
+  #       pipe.close_write
+  #       puts pipe.closed?
+  #     end
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     false
+  #     false
+  #     true
+  #
+  # Related: IO#close_read, IO#close_write, IO#close.
+  #
+  def closed?: () -> bool
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - each_byte {|byte| ... } -> self
+  #   - each_byte               -> enumerator
+  # -->
+  # Calls the given block with each byte (0..255) in the stream; returns `self`.
+  # See [Byte IO](rdoc-ref:IO@Byte+IO).
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.rus')
+  #     a = []
+  #     f.each_byte {|b| a << b }
+  #     a # => [209, 130, 208, 181, 209, 129, 209, 130]
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Returns an Enumerator if no block is given.
+  #
+  # Related: IO#each_char, IO#each_codepoint.
+  #
+  def each_byte: () { (Integer byte) -> void } -> self
+               | () -> ::Enumerator[Integer, self]
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - each_char {|c| ... } -> self
+  #   - each_char            -> enumerator
+  # -->
+  # Calls the given block with each character in the stream; returns `self`. See
+  # [Character IO](rdoc-ref:IO@Character+IO).
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.rus')
+  #     a = []
+  #     f.each_char {|c| a << c.ord }
+  #     a # => [1090, 1077, 1089, 1090]
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Returns an Enumerator if no block is given.
+  #
+  # Related: IO#each_byte, IO#each_codepoint.
+  #
+  def each_char: () { (String c) -> void } -> self
+               | () -> ::Enumerator[String, self]
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - each_codepoint {|c| ... } -> self
+  #   - each_codepoint            -> enumerator
+  # -->
+  # Calls the given block with each codepoint in the stream; returns `self`:
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.rus')
+  #     a = []
+  #     f.each_codepoint {|c| a << c }
+  #     a # => [1090, 1077, 1089, 1090]
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Returns an Enumerator if no block is given.
+  #
+  # Related: IO#each_byte, IO#each_char.
+  #
+  def each_codepoint: () { (Integer c) -> void } -> self
+                    | () -> ::Enumerator[Integer, self]
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - eof -> true or false
+  # -->
+  # Returns `true` if the stream is positioned at its end, `false` otherwise; see
+  # [Position](rdoc-ref:IO@Position):
+  #
+  #     f = File.open('t.txt')
+  #     f.eof           # => false
+  #     f.seek(0, :END) # => 0
+  #     f.eof           # => true
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Raises an exception unless the stream is opened for reading; see
+  # [Mode](rdoc-ref:File@Access+Modes).
+  #
+  # If `self` is a stream such as pipe or socket, this method blocks until the
+  # other end sends some data or closes it:
+  #
+  #     r, w = IO.pipe
+  #     Thread.new { sleep 1; w.close }
+  #     r.eof? # => true # After 1-second wait.
+  #
+  #     r, w = IO.pipe
+  #     Thread.new { sleep 1; w.puts "a" }
+  #     r.eof?  # => false # After 1-second wait.
+  #
+  #     r, w = IO.pipe
+  #     r.eof?  # blocks forever
+  #
+  # Note that this method reads data to the input byte buffer.  So IO#sysread may
+  # not behave as you intend with IO#eof?, unless you call IO#rewind first (which
+  # is not available for some streams).
+  #
+  def eof: () -> bool
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - fcntl(integer_cmd, argument) -> integer
+  # -->
+  # Invokes Posix system call [fcntl(2)](https://linux.die.net/man/2/fcntl), which
+  # provides a mechanism for issuing low-level commands to control or query a
+  # file-oriented I/O stream. Arguments and results are platform dependent.
+  #
+  # If `argument` is a number, its value is passed directly; if it is a string, it
+  # is interpreted as a binary sequence of bytes. (Array#pack might be a useful
+  # way to build this string.)
+  #
+  # Not implemented on all platforms.
+  #
+  def fcntl: (Integer integer_cmd, String | Integer argument) -> Integer
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - fdatasync -> 0
+  # -->
+  # Immediately writes to disk all data buffered in the stream, via the operating
+  # system's: <code>fdatasync(2)</code>, if supported, otherwise via
+  # <code>fsync(2)</code>, if supported; otherwise raises an exception.
+  #
+  def fdatasync: () -> Integer?
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - fileno -> integer
+  # -->
+  # Returns the integer file descriptor for the stream:
+  #
+  #     $stdin.fileno             # => 0
+  #     $stdout.fileno            # => 1
+  #     $stderr.fileno            # => 2
+  #     File.open('t.txt').fileno # => 10
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  def fileno: () -> Integer
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - flush -> self
+  # -->
+  # Flushes data buffered in `self` to the operating system (but does not
+  # necessarily flush data buffered in the operating system):
+  #
+  #     $stdout.print 'no newline' # Not necessarily flushed.
+  #     $stdout.flush              # Flushed.
+  #
+  def flush: () -> self
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - fsync -> 0
+  # -->
+  # Immediately writes to disk all data buffered in the stream, via the operating
+  # system's <code>fsync(2)</code>.
+  #
+  # Note this difference:
+  #
+  # *   IO#sync=: Ensures that data is flushed from the stream's internal buffers,
+  #     but does not guarantee that the operating system actually writes the data
+  #     to disk.
+  # *   IO#fsync: Ensures both that data is flushed from internal buffers, and
+  #     that data is written to disk.
+  #
+  # Raises an exception if the operating system does not support
+  # <code>fsync(2)</code>.
+  #
+  def fsync: () -> Integer?
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - getbyte -> integer or nil
+  # -->
+  # Reads and returns the next byte (in range 0..255) from the stream; returns
+  # `nil` if already at end-of-stream. See [Byte IO](rdoc-ref:IO@Byte+IO).
+  #
+  #     f = File.open('t.txt')
+  #     f.getbyte # => 70
+  #     f.close
+  #     f = File.open('t.rus')
+  #     f.getbyte # => 209
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Related: IO#readbyte (may raise EOFError).
+  #
+  def getbyte: () -> Integer?
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - getc -> character or nil
+  # -->
+  # Reads and returns the next 1-character string from the stream; returns `nil`
+  # if already at end-of-stream. See [Character IO](rdoc-ref:IO@Character+IO).
+  #
+  #     f = File.open('t.txt')
+  #     f.getc     # => "F"
+  #     f.close
+  #     f = File.open('t.rus')
+  #     f.getc.ord # => 1090
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Related:  IO#readchar (may raise EOFError).
+  #
+  def getc: () -> String?
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - gets(sep = $/, chomp: false)   -> string or nil
+  #   - gets(limit, chomp: false)      -> string or nil
+  #   - gets(sep, limit, chomp: false) -> string or nil
+  # -->
+  # Reads and returns a line from the stream; assigns the return value to
+  # <code>$_</code>. See [Line IO](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+IO).
+  #
+  # With no arguments given, returns the next line as determined by line separator
+  # <code>$/</code>, or `nil` if none:
+  #
+  #     f = File.open('t.txt')
+  #     f.gets # => "First line\n"
+  #     $_     # => "First line\n"
+  #     f.gets # => "\n"
+  #     f.gets # => "Fourth line\n"
+  #     f.gets # => "Fifth line\n"
+  #     f.gets # => nil
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # With only string argument `sep` given, returns the next line as determined by
+  # line separator `sep`, or `nil` if none; see [Line
+  # Separator](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Separator):
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt')
+  #     f.gets('l')   # => "First l"
+  #     f.gets('li')  # => "ine\nSecond li"
+  #     f.gets('lin') # => "ne\n\nFourth lin"
+  #     f.gets        # => "e\n"
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # The two special values for `sep` are honored:
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt')
+  #     # Get all.
+  #     f.gets(nil) # => "First line\nSecond line\n\nFourth line\nFifth line\n"
+  #     f.rewind
+  #     # Get paragraph (up to two line separators).
+  #     f.gets('')  # => "First line\nSecond line\n\n"
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # With only integer argument `limit` given, limits the number of bytes in the
+  # line; see [Line Limit](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Limit):
+  #
+  #     # No more than one line.
+  #     File.open('t.txt') {|f| f.gets(10) } # => "First line"
+  #     File.open('t.txt') {|f| f.gets(11) } # => "First line\n"
+  #     File.open('t.txt') {|f| f.gets(12) } # => "First line\n"
+  #
+  # With arguments `sep` and `limit` given, combines the two behaviors (see [Line
+  # Separator and Line Limit](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Separator+and+Line+Limit)).
+  #
+  # Optional keyword argument `chomp` specifies whether line separators are to be
+  # omitted:
+  #
+  #     f = File.open('t.txt')
+  #     # Chomp the lines.
+  #     f.gets(chomp: true) # => "First line"
+  #     f.gets(chomp: true) # => "Second line"
+  #     f.gets(chomp: true) # => ""
+  #     f.gets(chomp: true) # => "Fourth line"
+  #     f.gets(chomp: true) # => "Fifth line"
+  #     f.gets(chomp: true) # => nil
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  def gets: (string? sep, ?int limit, ?chomp: boolish) -> String?
+          | (?int limit, ?chomp: boolish) -> String?
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - IO.new(fd, mode = 'r', **opts) -> io
+  # -->
+  # Creates and returns a new IO object (file stream) from a file descriptor.
+  #
+  # IO.new may be useful for interaction with low-level libraries. For
+  # higher-level interactions, it may be simpler to create the file stream using
+  # File.open.
+  #
+  # Argument `fd` must be a valid file descriptor (integer):
+  #
+  #     path = 't.tmp'
+  #     fd = IO.sysopen(path) # => 3
+  #     IO.new(fd)            # => #<IO:fd 3>
+  #
+  # The new IO object does not inherit encoding (because the integer file
+  # descriptor does not have an encoding):
+  #
+  #     fd = IO.sysopen('t.rus', 'rb')
+  #     io = IO.new(fd)
+  #     io.external_encoding # => #<Encoding:UTF-8> # Not ASCII-8BIT.
+  #
+  # Optional argument `mode` (defaults to 'r') must specify a valid mode; see
+  # [Access Modes](rdoc-ref:File@Access+Modes):
+  #
+  #     IO.new(fd, 'w')         # => #<IO:fd 3>
+  #     IO.new(fd, File::WRONLY) # => #<IO:fd 3>
+  #
+  # Optional keyword arguments `opts` specify:
+  #
+  # *   [Open Options](rdoc-ref:IO@Open+Options).
+  # *   [Encoding options](rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc@Encoding+Options).
+  #
+  # Examples:
+  #
+  #     IO.new(fd, internal_encoding: nil) # => #<IO:fd 3>
+  #     IO.new(fd, autoclose: true)        # => #<IO:fd 3>
+  #
+  def initialize: ( int fd, ?string | int mode, ?path: string?, ?external_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?internal_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?textmode: boolish, ?binmode: boolish, ?autoclose: boolish, ?mode: String) -> void
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - inspect -> string
+  # -->
+  # Returns a string representation of `self`:
+  #
+  #     f = File.open('t.txt')
+  #     f.inspect # => "#<File:t.txt>"
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  def inspect: () -> String
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - internal_encoding -> encoding or nil
+  # -->
+  # Returns the Encoding object that represents the encoding of the internal
+  # string, if conversion is specified, or `nil` otherwise.
+  #
+  # See [Encodings](rdoc-ref:File@Encodings).
+  #
+  def internal_encoding: () -> Encoding
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - ioctl(integer_cmd, argument) -> integer
+  # -->
+  # Invokes Posix system call [ioctl(2)](https://linux.die.net/man/2/ioctl), which
+  # issues a low-level command to an I/O device.
+  #
+  # Issues a low-level command to an I/O device. The arguments and returned value
+  # are platform-dependent. The effect of the call is platform-dependent.
+  #
+  # If argument `argument` is an integer, it is passed directly; if it is a
+  # string, it is interpreted as a binary sequence of bytes.
+  #
+  # Not implemented on all platforms.
+  #
+  def ioctl: (Integer integer_cmd, String | Integer argument) -> Integer
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=ext/etc/etc.c
+  #   - pathconf(name)       ->  Integer
+  # -->
+  # Returns pathname configuration variable using fpathconf().
+  #
+  # *name* should be a constant under `Etc` which begins with `PC_`.
+  #
+  # The return value is an integer or nil. nil means indefinite limit.
+  # (fpathconf() returns -1 but errno is not set.)
+  #
+  #     require 'etc'
+  #     IO.pipe {|r, w|
+  #       p w.pathconf(Etc::PC_PIPE_BUF) #=> 4096
+  #     }
+  #
+  def pathconf: (Integer name) -> Integer?
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - isatty -> true or false
+  # -->
+  # Returns `true` if the stream is associated with a terminal device (tty),
+  # `false` otherwise:
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt').isatty    #=> false
+  #     f.close
+  #     f = File.new('/dev/tty').isatty #=> true
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  def isatty: () -> bool
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - lineno -> integer
+  # -->
+  # Returns the current line number for the stream; see [Line
+  # Number](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Number).
+  #
+  def lineno: () -> Integer
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - lineno = integer -> integer
+  # -->
+  # Sets and returns the line number for the stream; see [Line
+  # Number](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Number).
+  #
+  def lineno=: (Integer integer) -> Integer
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - path -> string or nil
+  # -->
+  # Returns the path associated with the IO, or `nil` if there is no path
+  # associated with the IO. It is not guaranteed that the path exists on the
+  # filesystem.
+  #
+  #     $stdin.path # => "<STDIN>"
+  #
+  #     File.open("testfile") {|f| f.path} # => "testfile"
+  #
+  def path: () -> String?
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - pid -> integer or nil
+  # -->
+  # Returns the process ID of a child process associated with the stream, which
+  # will have been set by IO#popen, or `nil` if the stream was not created by
+  # IO#popen:
+  #
+  #     pipe = IO.popen("-")
+  #     if pipe
+  #       $stderr.puts "In parent, child pid is #{pipe.pid}"
+  #     else
+  #       $stderr.puts "In child, pid is #{$$}"
+  #     end
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     In child, pid is 26209
+  #     In parent, child pid is 26209
+  #
+  def pid: () -> Integer
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - pos = new_position -> new_position
+  # -->
+  # Seeks to the given `new_position` (in bytes); see
+  # [Position](rdoc-ref:IO@Position):
+  #
+  #     f = File.open('t.txt')
+  #     f.tell     # => 0
+  #     f.pos = 20 # => 20
+  #     f.tell     # => 20
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Related: IO#seek, IO#tell.
+  #
+  def pos=: (Integer new_position) -> Integer
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - print(*objects) -> nil
+  # -->
+  # Writes the given objects to the stream; returns `nil`. Appends the output
+  # record separator <code>$OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR</code> (<code>$\</code>), if
+  # it is not `nil`. See [Line IO](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+IO).
+  #
+  # With argument `objects` given, for each object:
+  #
+  # *   Converts via its method `to_s` if not a string.
+  # *   Writes to the stream.
+  # *   If not the last object, writes the output field separator
+  #     <code>$OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR</code> (<code>$,</code>) if it is not `nil`.
+  #
+  # With default separators:
+  #
+  #     f = File.open('t.tmp', 'w+')
+  #     objects = [0, 0.0, Rational(0, 1), Complex(0, 0), :zero, 'zero']
+  #     p $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR
+  #     p $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR
+  #     f.print(*objects)
+  #     f.rewind
+  #     p f.read
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     nil
+  #     nil
+  #     "00.00/10+0izerozero"
+  #
+  # With specified separators:
+  #
+  #     $\ = "\n"
+  #     $, = ','
+  #     f.rewind
+  #     f.print(*objects)
+  #     f.rewind
+  #     p f.read
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     "0,0.0,0/1,0+0i,zero,zero\n"
+  #
+  # With no argument given, writes the content of <code>$_</code> (which is
+  # usually the most recent user input):
+  #
+  #     f = File.open('t.tmp', 'w+')
+  #     gets # Sets $_ to the most recent user input.
+  #     f.print
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  def print: (*untyped objects) -> nil
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - printf(format_string, *objects) -> nil
+  # -->
+  # Formats and writes `objects` to the stream.
+  #
+  # For details on `format_string`, see [Format
+  # Specifications](rdoc-ref:language/format_specifications.rdoc).
+  #
+  def printf: (String format_string, *untyped objects) -> nil
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - putc(object) -> object
+  # -->
+  # Writes a character to the stream. See [Character
+  # IO](rdoc-ref:IO@Character+IO).
+  #
+  # If `object` is numeric, converts to integer if necessary, then writes the
+  # character whose code is the least significant byte; if `object` is a string,
+  # writes the first character:
+  #
+  #     $stdout.putc "A"
+  #     $stdout.putc 65
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     AA
+  #
+  def putc: (real) -> real
+          | (String) -> String
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - puts(*objects) -> nil
+  # -->
+  # Writes the given `objects` to the stream, which must be open for writing;
+  # returns `nil`.\ Writes a newline after each that does not already end with a
+  # newline sequence. If called without arguments, writes a newline. See [Line
+  # IO](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+IO).
+  #
+  # Note that each added newline is the character <code>"\n"<//tt>, not the output
+  # record separator (<tt>$\</code>).
+  #
+  # Treatment for each object:
+  #
+  # *   String: writes the string.
+  # *   Neither string nor array: writes <code>object.to_s</code>.
+  # *   Array: writes each element of the array; arrays may be nested.
+  #
+  # To keep these examples brief, we define this helper method:
+  #
+  #     def show(*objects)
+  #       # Puts objects to file.
+  #       f = File.new('t.tmp', 'w+')
+  #       f.puts(objects)
+  #       # Return file content.
+  #       f.rewind
+  #       p f.read
+  #       f.close
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     # Strings without newlines.
+  #     show('foo', 'bar', 'baz')     # => "foo\nbar\nbaz\n"
+  #     # Strings, some with newlines.
+  #     show("foo\n", 'bar', "baz\n") # => "foo\nbar\nbaz\n"
+  #
+  #     # Neither strings nor arrays:
+  #     show(0, 0.0, Rational(0, 1), Complex(9, 0), :zero)
+  #     # => "0\n0.0\n0/1\n9+0i\nzero\n"
+  #
+  #     # Array of strings.
+  #     show(['foo', "bar\n", 'baz']) # => "foo\nbar\nbaz\n"
+  #     # Nested arrays.
+  #     show([[[0, 1], 2, 3], 4, 5])  # => "0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n"
+  #
+  def puts: (*untyped objects) -> nil
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - pread(maxlen, offset)             -> string
+  #   - pread(maxlen, offset, out_string) -> string
+  # -->
+  # Behaves like IO#readpartial, except that it:
+  #
+  # *   Reads at the given `offset` (in bytes).
+  # *   Disregards, and does not modify, the stream's position (see
+  #     [Position](rdoc-ref:IO@Position)).
+  # *   Bypasses any user space buffering in the stream.
+  #
+  # Because this method does not disturb the stream's state (its position, in
+  # particular), `pread` allows multiple threads and processes to use the same IO
+  # object for reading at various offsets.
+  #
+  #     f = File.open('t.txt')
+  #     f.read # => "First line\nSecond line\n\nFourth line\nFifth line\n"
+  #     f.pos  # => 52
+  #     # Read 12 bytes at offset 0.
+  #     f.pread(12, 0) # => "First line\n"
+  #     # Read 9 bytes at offset 8.
+  #     f.pread(9, 8)  # => "ne\nSecon"
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Not available on some platforms.
+  #
+  def pread: (int maxlen, int offset, ?string? out_string) -> String
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - pwrite(object, offset) -> integer
+  # -->
+  # Behaves like IO#write, except that it:
+  #
+  # *   Writes at the given `offset` (in bytes).
+  # *   Disregards, and does not modify, the stream's position (see
+  #     [Position](rdoc-ref:IO@Position)).
+  # *   Bypasses any user space buffering in the stream.
+  #
+  # Because this method does not disturb the stream's state (its position, in
+  # particular), `pwrite` allows multiple threads and processes to use the same IO
+  # object for writing at various offsets.
+  #
+  #     f = File.open('t.tmp', 'w+')
+  #     # Write 6 bytes at offset 3.
+  #     f.pwrite('ABCDEF', 3) # => 6
+  #     f.rewind
+  #     f.read # => "\u0000\u0000\u0000ABCDEF"
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Not available on some platforms.
+  #
+  def pwrite: (_ToS object, int offset) -> Integer
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - read(maxlen = nil, out_string = nil) -> new_string, out_string, or nil
+  # -->
+  # Reads bytes from the stream; the stream must be opened for reading (see
+  # [Access Modes](rdoc-ref:File@Access+Modes)):
+  #
+  # *   If `maxlen` is `nil`, reads all bytes using the stream's data mode.
+  # *   Otherwise reads up to `maxlen` bytes in binary mode.
+  #
+  # Returns a string (either a new string or the given `out_string`) containing
+  # the bytes read. The encoding of the string depends on both `maxLen` and
+  # `out_string`:
+  #
+  # *   `maxlen` is `nil`: uses internal encoding of `self` (regardless of whether
+  #     `out_string` was given).
+  # *   `maxlen` not `nil`:
+  #
+  #     *   `out_string` given: encoding of `out_string` not modified.
+  #     *   `out_string` not given: ASCII-8BIT is used.
+  #
+  # <strong>Without Argument `out_string`</strong>
+  #
+  # When argument `out_string` is omitted, the returned value is a new string:
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt')
+  #     f.read
+  #     # => "First line\nSecond line\n\nFourth line\nFifth line\n"
+  #     f.rewind
+  #     f.read(30) # => "First line\r\nSecond line\r\n\r\nFou"
+  #     f.read(30) # => "rth line\r\nFifth line\r\n"
+  #     f.read(30) # => nil
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # If `maxlen` is zero, returns an empty string.
+  #
+  # <strong> With Argument `out_string`</strong>
+  #
+  # When argument `out_string` is given, the returned value is `out_string`, whose
+  # content is replaced:
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt')
+  #     s = 'foo'      # => "foo"
+  #     f.read(nil, s) # => "First line\nSecond line\n\nFourth line\nFifth line\n"
+  #     s              # => "First line\nSecond line\n\nFourth line\nFifth line\n"
+  #     f.rewind
+  #     s = 'bar'
+  #     f.read(30, s)  # => "First line\r\nSecond line\r\n\r\nFou"
+  #     s              # => "First line\r\nSecond line\r\n\r\nFou"
+  #     s = 'baz'
+  #     f.read(30, s)  # => "rth line\r\nFifth line\r\n"
+  #     s              # => "rth line\r\nFifth line\r\n"
+  #     s = 'bat'
+  #     f.read(30, s)  # => nil
+  #     s              # => ""
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Note that this method behaves like the fread() function in C. This means it
+  # retries to invoke read(2) system calls to read data with the specified maxlen
+  # (or until EOF).
+  #
+  # This behavior is preserved even if the stream is in non-blocking mode. (This
+  # method is non-blocking-flag insensitive as other methods.)
+  #
+  # If you need the behavior like a single read(2) system call, consider
+  # #readpartial, #read_nonblock, and #sysread.
+  #
+  # Related: IO#write.
+  #
+  def read: (?nil, ?string? outbuf) -> String
+          | (int? length, ?string? outbuf) -> String?
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.rb
+  #   - ios.read_nonblock(maxlen [, options])              -> string
+  #   - ios.read_nonblock(maxlen, outbuf [, options])      -> outbuf
+  # -->
+  # Reads at most *maxlen* bytes from *ios* using the read(2) system call after
+  # O_NONBLOCK is set for the underlying file descriptor.
+  #
+  # If the optional *outbuf* argument is present, it must reference a String,
+  # which will receive the data. The *outbuf* will contain only the received data
+  # after the method call even if it is not empty at the beginning.
+  #
+  # read_nonblock just calls the read(2) system call. It causes all errors the
+  # read(2) system call causes: Errno::EWOULDBLOCK, Errno::EINTR, etc. The caller
+  # should care such errors.
+  #
+  # If the exception is Errno::EWOULDBLOCK or Errno::EAGAIN, it is extended by
+  # IO::WaitReadable. So IO::WaitReadable can be used to rescue the exceptions for
+  # retrying read_nonblock.
+  #
+  # read_nonblock causes EOFError on EOF.
+  #
+  # On some platforms, such as Windows, non-blocking mode is not supported on IO
+  # objects other than sockets. In such cases, Errno::EBADF will be raised.
+  #
+  # If the read byte buffer is not empty, read_nonblock reads from the buffer like
+  # readpartial. In this case, the read(2) system call is not called.
+  #
+  # When read_nonblock raises an exception kind of IO::WaitReadable, read_nonblock
+  # should not be called until io is readable for avoiding busy loop. This can be
+  # done as follows.
+  #
+  #     # emulates blocking read (readpartial).
+  #     begin
+  #       result = io.read_nonblock(maxlen)
+  #     rescue IO::WaitReadable
+  #       IO.select([io])
+  #       retry
+  #     end
+  #
+  # Although IO#read_nonblock doesn't raise IO::WaitWritable.
+  # OpenSSL::Buffering#read_nonblock can raise IO::WaitWritable. If IO and SSL
+  # should be used polymorphically, IO::WaitWritable should be rescued too. See
+  # the document of OpenSSL::Buffering#read_nonblock for sample code.
+  #
+  # Note that this method is identical to readpartial except the non-blocking flag
+  # is set.
+  #
+  # By specifying a keyword argument *exception* to `false`, you can indicate that
+  # read_nonblock should not raise an IO::WaitReadable exception, but return the
+  # symbol <code>:wait_readable</code> instead. At EOF, it will return nil instead
+  # of raising EOFError.
+  #
+  def read_nonblock: (int len, ?string? buf, ?exception: true) -> String
+                   | (int len, ?string? buf, exception: false) -> (String | :wait_readable | nil)
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - readbyte -> integer
+  # -->
+  # Reads and returns the next byte (in range 0..255) from the stream; raises
+  # EOFError if already at end-of-stream. See [Byte IO](rdoc-ref:IO@Byte+IO).
+  #
+  #     f = File.open('t.txt')
+  #     f.readbyte # => 70
+  #     f.close
+  #     f = File.open('t.rus')
+  #     f.readbyte # => 209
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Related: IO#getbyte (will not raise EOFError).
+  #
+  def readbyte: () -> Integer
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - readchar -> string
+  # -->
+  # Reads and returns the next 1-character string from the stream; raises EOFError
+  # if already at end-of-stream. See [Character IO](rdoc-ref:IO@Character+IO).
+  #
+  #     f = File.open('t.txt')
+  #     f.readchar     # => "F"
+  #     f.close
+  #     f = File.open('t.rus')
+  #     f.readchar.ord # => 1090
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Related:  IO#getc (will not raise EOFError).
+  #
+  def readchar: () -> String
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.rb
+  #   - readline(sep = $/, chomp: false)   -> string
+  #   - readline(limit, chomp: false)      -> string
+  #   - readline(sep, limit, chomp: false) -> string
+  # -->
+  # Reads a line as with IO#gets, but raises EOFError if already at end-of-stream.
+  #
+  # Optional keyword argument `chomp` specifies whether line separators are to be
+  # omitted.
+  #
+  def readline: (?String sep, ?Integer limit, ?chomp: boolish) -> String
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - readlines(sep = $/, chomp: false)   -> array
+  #   - readlines(limit, chomp: false)       -> array
+  #   - readlines(sep, limit, chomp: false) -> array
+  # -->
+  # Reads and returns all remaining line from the stream; does not modify
+  # <code>$_</code>. See [Line IO](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+IO).
+  #
+  # With no arguments given, returns lines as determined by line separator
+  # <code>$/</code>, or `nil` if none:
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt')
+  #     f.readlines
+  #     # => ["First line\n", "Second line\n", "\n", "Fourth line\n", "Fifth line\n"]
+  #     f.readlines # => []
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # With only string argument `sep` given, returns lines as determined by line
+  # separator `sep`, or `nil` if none; see [Line
+  # Separator](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Separator):
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt')
+  #     f.readlines('li')
+  #     # => ["First li", "ne\nSecond li", "ne\n\nFourth li", "ne\nFifth li", "ne\n"]
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # The two special values for `sep` are honored:
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt')
+  #     # Get all into one string.
+  #     f.readlines(nil)
+  #     # => ["First line\nSecond line\n\nFourth line\nFifth line\n"]
+  #     # Get paragraphs (up to two line separators).
+  #     f.rewind
+  #     f.readlines('')
+  #     # => ["First line\nSecond line\n\n", "Fourth line\nFifth line\n"]
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # With only integer argument `limit` given, limits the number of bytes in each
+  # line; see [Line Limit](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Limit):
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt')
+  #     f.readlines(8)
+  #     # => ["First li", "ne\n", "Second l", "ine\n", "\n", "Fourth l", "ine\n", "Fifth li", "ne\n"]
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # With arguments `sep` and `limit` given, combines the two behaviors (see [Line
+  # Separator and Line Limit](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Separator+and+Line+Limit)).
+  #
+  # Optional keyword argument `chomp` specifies whether line separators are to be
+  # omitted:
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt')
+  #     f.readlines(chomp: true)
+  #     # => ["First line", "Second line", "", "Fourth line", "Fifth line"]
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  def readlines: (?String sep, ?Integer limit, ?chomp: boolish) -> ::Array[String]
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - readpartial(maxlen)             -> string
+  #   - readpartial(maxlen, out_string) -> out_string
+  # -->
+  # Reads up to `maxlen` bytes from the stream; returns a string (either a new
+  # string or the given `out_string`). Its encoding is:
+  #
+  # *   The unchanged encoding of `out_string`, if `out_string` is given.
+  # *   ASCII-8BIT, otherwise.
+  #
+  # *   Contains `maxlen` bytes from the stream, if available.
+  # *   Otherwise contains all available bytes, if any available.
+  # *   Otherwise is an empty string.
+  #
+  # With the single non-negative integer argument `maxlen` given, returns a new
+  # string:
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt')
+  #     f.readpartial(20) # => "First line\nSecond l"
+  #     f.readpartial(20) # => "ine\n\nFourth line\n"
+  #     f.readpartial(20) # => "Fifth line\n"
+  #     f.readpartial(20) # Raises EOFError.
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # With both argument `maxlen` and string argument `out_string` given, returns
+  # modified `out_string`:
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt')
+  #     s = 'foo'
+  #     f.readpartial(20, s) # => "First line\nSecond l"
+  #     s = 'bar'
+  #     f.readpartial(0, s)  # => ""
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # This method is useful for a stream such as a pipe, a socket, or a tty. It
+  # blocks only when no data is immediately available. This means that it blocks
+  # only when *all* of the following are true:
+  #
+  # *   The byte buffer in the stream is empty.
+  # *   The content of the stream is empty.
+  # *   The stream is not at EOF.
+  #
+  # When blocked, the method waits for either more data or EOF on the stream:
+  #
+  # *   If more data is read, the method returns the data.
+  # *   If EOF is reached, the method raises EOFError.
+  #
+  # When not blocked, the method responds immediately:
+  #
+  # *   Returns data from the buffer if there is any.
+  # *   Otherwise returns data from the stream if there is any.
+  # *   Otherwise raises EOFError if the stream has reached EOF.
+  #
+  # Note that this method is similar to sysread. The differences are:
+  #
+  # *   If the byte buffer is not empty, read from the byte buffer instead of
+  #     "sysread for buffered IO (IOError)".
+  # *   It doesn't cause Errno::EWOULDBLOCK and Errno::EINTR.  When readpartial
+  #     meets EWOULDBLOCK and EINTR by read system call, readpartial retries the
+  #     system call.
+  #
+  # The latter means that readpartial is non-blocking-flag insensitive. It blocks
+  # on the situation IO#sysread causes Errno::EWOULDBLOCK as if the fd is blocking
+  # mode.
+  #
+  # Examples:
+  #
+  #     #                        # Returned      Buffer Content    Pipe Content
+  #     r, w = IO.pipe           #
+  #     w << 'abc'               #               ""                "abc".
+  #     r.readpartial(4096)      # => "abc"      ""                ""
+  #     r.readpartial(4096)      # (Blocks because buffer and pipe are empty.)
+  #
+  #     #                        # Returned      Buffer Content    Pipe Content
+  #     r, w = IO.pipe           #
+  #     w << 'abc'               #               ""                "abc"
+  #     w.close                  #               ""                "abc" EOF
+  #     r.readpartial(4096)      # => "abc"      ""                 EOF
+  #     r.readpartial(4096)      # raises EOFError
+  #
+  #     #                        # Returned      Buffer Content    Pipe Content
+  #     r, w = IO.pipe           #
+  #     w << "abc\ndef\n"        #               ""                "abc\ndef\n"
+  #     r.gets                   # => "abc\n"    "def\n"           ""
+  #     w << "ghi\n"             #               "def\n"           "ghi\n"
+  #     r.readpartial(4096)      # => "def\n"    ""                "ghi\n"
+  #     r.readpartial(4096)      # => "ghi\n"    ""                ""
+  #
+  def readpartial: (int maxlen, ?string? outbuf) -> String
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - reopen(other_io)                 -> self
+  #   - reopen(path, mode = 'r', **opts) -> self
+  # -->
+  # Reassociates the stream with another stream, which may be of a different
+  # class. This method may be used to redirect an existing stream to a new
+  # destination.
+  #
+  # With argument `other_io` given, reassociates with that stream:
+  #
+  #     # Redirect $stdin from a file.
+  #     f = File.open('t.txt')
+  #     $stdin.reopen(f)
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  #     # Redirect $stdout to a file.
+  #     f = File.open('t.tmp', 'w')
+  #     $stdout.reopen(f)
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # With argument `path` given, reassociates with a new stream to that file path:
+  #
+  #     $stdin.reopen('t.txt')
+  #     $stdout.reopen('t.tmp', 'w')
+  #
+  # Optional keyword arguments `opts` specify:
+  #
+  # *   [Open Options](rdoc-ref:IO@Open+Options).
+  # *   [Encoding options](rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc@Encoding+Options).
+  #
+  def reopen: (IO other_IO_or_path) -> IO
+            | (String other_IO_or_path, ?String mode_str) -> IO
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - rewind -> 0
+  # -->
+  # Repositions the stream to its beginning, setting both the position and the
+  # line number to zero; see [Position](rdoc-ref:IO@Position) and [Line
+  # Number](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Number):
+  #
+  #     f = File.open('t.txt')
+  #     f.tell     # => 0
+  #     f.lineno   # => 0
+  #     f.gets     # => "First line\n"
+  #     f.tell     # => 12
+  #     f.lineno   # => 1
+  #     f.rewind   # => 0
+  #     f.tell     # => 0
+  #     f.lineno   # => 0
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Note that this method cannot be used with streams such as pipes, ttys, and
+  # sockets.
+  #
+  def rewind: () -> Integer
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - seek(offset, whence = IO::SEEK_SET) -> 0
+  # -->
+  # Seeks to the position given by integer `offset` (see
+  # [Position](rdoc-ref:IO@Position)) and constant `whence`, which is one of:
+  #
+  # *   <code>:CUR</code> or <code>IO::SEEK_CUR</code>: Repositions the stream to
+  #     its current position plus the given `offset`:
+  #
+  #         f = File.open('t.txt')
+  #         f.tell            # => 0
+  #         f.seek(20, :CUR)  # => 0
+  #         f.tell            # => 20
+  #         f.seek(-10, :CUR) # => 0
+  #         f.tell            # => 10
+  #         f.close
+  #
+  # *   <code>:END</code> or <code>IO::SEEK_END</code>: Repositions the stream to
+  #     its end plus the given `offset`:
+  #
+  #         f = File.open('t.txt')
+  #         f.tell            # => 0
+  #         f.seek(0, :END)   # => 0  # Repositions to stream end.
+  #         f.tell            # => 52
+  #         f.seek(-20, :END) # => 0
+  #         f.tell            # => 32
+  #         f.seek(-40, :END) # => 0
+  #         f.tell            # => 12
+  #         f.close
+  #
+  # *   <code>:SET</code> or <code>IO:SEEK_SET</code>: Repositions the stream to
+  #     the given `offset`:
+  #
+  #         f = File.open('t.txt')
+  #         f.tell            # => 0
+  #         f.seek(20, :SET) # => 0
+  #         f.tell           # => 20
+  #         f.seek(40, :SET) # => 0
+  #         f.tell           # => 40
+  #         f.close
+  #
+  # Related: IO#pos=, IO#tell.
+  #
+  def seek: (Integer amount, ?Integer whence) -> Integer
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - set_encoding(ext_enc)                   -> self
+  #   - set_encoding(ext_enc, int_enc, **enc_opts)  -> self
+  #   - set_encoding('ext_enc:int_enc', **enc_opts) -> self
+  # -->
+  # See [Encodings](rdoc-ref:File@Encodings).
+  #
+  # Argument `ext_enc`, if given, must be an Encoding object or a String with the
+  # encoding name; it is assigned as the encoding for the stream.
+  #
+  # Argument `int_enc`, if given, must be an Encoding object or a String with the
+  # encoding name; it is assigned as the encoding for the internal string.
+  #
+  # Argument <code>'ext_enc:int_enc'</code>, if given, is a string containing two
+  # colon-separated encoding names; corresponding Encoding objects are assigned as
+  # the external and internal encodings for the stream.
+  #
+  # If the external encoding of a string is binary/ASCII-8BIT, the internal
+  # encoding of the string is set to nil, since no transcoding is needed.
+  #
+  # Optional keyword arguments `enc_opts` specify [Encoding
+  # options](rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc@Encoding+Options).
+  #
+  def set_encoding: (?String | Encoding ext_or_ext_int_enc) -> self
+                  | (?String | Encoding ext_or_ext_int_enc, ?String | Encoding int_enc) -> self
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - set_encoding_by_bom -> encoding or nil
+  # -->
+  # If the stream begins with a BOM ([byte order
+  # marker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_order_mark)), consumes the BOM and
+  # sets the external encoding accordingly; returns the result encoding if found,
+  # or `nil` otherwise:
+  #
+  #     File.write('t.tmp', "\u{FEFF}abc")
+  #     io = File.open('t.tmp', 'rb')
+  #     io.set_encoding_by_bom # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+  #     io.close
+  #
+  #     File.write('t.tmp', 'abc')
+  #     io = File.open('t.tmp', 'rb')
+  #     io.set_encoding_by_bom # => nil
+  #     io.close
+  #
+  # Raises an exception if the stream is not binmode or its encoding has already
+  # been set.
+  #
+  def set_encoding_by_bom: () -> Encoding?
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=file.c
+  #   - ios.stat    -> stat
+  # -->
+  # Returns status information for *ios* as an object of type File::Stat.
+  #
+  #     f = File.new("testfile")
+  #     s = f.stat
+  #     "%o" % s.mode   #=> "100644"
+  #     s.blksize       #=> 4096
+  #     s.atime         #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:54 CDT 2003
+  #
+  def stat: () -> File::Stat
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - sync -> true or false
+  # -->
+  # Returns the current sync mode of the stream. When sync mode is true, all
+  # output is immediately flushed to the underlying operating system and is not
+  # buffered by Ruby internally. See also #fsync.
+  #
+  #     f = File.open('t.tmp', 'w')
+  #     f.sync # => false
+  #     f.sync = true
+  #     f.sync # => true
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  def sync: () -> bool
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - sync = boolean -> boolean
+  # -->
+  # Sets the *sync* *mode* for the stream to the given value; returns the given
+  # value.
+  #
+  # Values for the sync mode:
+  #
+  # *   `true`: All output is immediately flushed to the underlying operating
+  #     system and is not buffered internally.
+  # *   `false`: Output may be buffered internally.
+  #
+  # Example;
+  #
+  #     f = File.open('t.tmp', 'w')
+  #     f.sync # => false
+  #     f.sync = true
+  #     f.sync # => true
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Related: IO#fsync.
+  #
+  def sync=: (boolish boolean) -> boolish
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - sysread(maxlen)             -> string
+  #   - sysread(maxlen, out_string) -> string
+  # -->
+  # Behaves like IO#readpartial, except that it uses low-level system functions.
+  #
+  # This method should not be used with other stream-reader methods.
+  #
+  def sysread: (Integer maxlen, ?String? outbuf) -> String
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - sysseek(offset, whence = IO::SEEK_SET) -> integer
+  # -->
+  # Behaves like IO#seek, except that it:
+  #
+  # *   Uses low-level system functions.
+  # *   Returns the new position.
+  #
+  def sysseek: (Integer amount, ?Integer whence) -> Integer
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - syswrite(object) -> integer
+  # -->
+  # Writes the given `object` to self, which must be opened for writing (see
+  # Modes); returns the number bytes written. If `object` is not a string is
+  # converted via method to_s:
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.tmp', 'w')
+  #     f.syswrite('foo') # => 3
+  #     f.syswrite(30)    # => 2
+  #     f.syswrite(:foo)  # => 3
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # This methods should not be used with other stream-writer methods.
+  #
+  def syswrite: (_ToS object) -> Integer
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - tell -> integer
+  # -->
+  # Returns the current position (in bytes) in `self` (see
+  # [Position](rdoc-ref:IO@Position)):
+  #
+  #     f = File.open('t.txt')
+  #     f.tell # => 0
+  #     f.gets # => "First line\n"
+  #     f.tell # => 12
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Related: IO#pos=, IO#seek.
+  #
+  def tell: () -> Integer
+
+  # <!-- rdoc-file=io.c -->
+  # Returns the current position (in bytes) in `self` (see
+  # [Position](rdoc-ref:IO@Position)):
+  #
+  #     f = File.open('t.txt')
+  #     f.tell # => 0
+  #     f.gets # => "First line\n"
+  #     f.tell # => 12
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Related: IO#pos=, IO#seek.
+  #
+  alias pos tell
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - timeout -> duration or nil
+  # -->
+  # Get the internal timeout duration or nil if it was not set.
+  #
+  def timeout: () -> io_timeout
+
+  # The type used for timeouts in `IO`.
+  #
+  # Technically, this type should be `Time::_Timeout?`. However, in the vast majority of use-cases,
+  # people aren't going to pass their own `_Timeout` in, so `Numeric` is returned for ergonomics
+  # (eg `io.timeout += 10`).
+  type io_timeout = Numeric?
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - timeout = duration -> duration
+  #   - timeout = nil -> nil
+  # -->
+  # Sets the internal timeout to the specified duration or nil. The timeout
+  # applies to all blocking operations where possible.
+  #
+  # When the operation performs longer than the timeout set, IO::TimeoutError is
+  # raised.
+  #
+  # This affects the following methods (but is not limited to): #gets, #puts,
+  # #read, #write, #wait_readable and #wait_writable. This also affects blocking
+  # socket operations like Socket#accept and Socket#connect.
+  #
+  # Some operations like File#open and IO#close are not affected by the timeout. A
+  # timeout during a write operation may leave the IO in an inconsistent state,
+  # e.g. data was partially written. Generally speaking, a timeout is a last ditch
+  # effort to prevent an application from hanging on slow I/O operations, such as
+  # those that occur during a slowloris attack.
+  #
+  def timeout=: (io_timeout duration) -> void
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - to_io -> self
+  # -->
+  # Returns `self`.
+  #
+  def to_io: () -> self
+
+  # <!-- rdoc-file=io.c -->
+  # Returns `true` if the stream is associated with a terminal device (tty),
+  # `false` otherwise:
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt').isatty    #=> false
+  #     f.close
+  #     f = File.new('/dev/tty').isatty #=> true
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  alias tty? isatty
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - ungetbyte(integer) -> nil
+  #   - ungetbyte(string)  -> nil
+  # -->
+  # Pushes back ("unshifts") the given data onto the stream's buffer, placing the
+  # data so that it is next to be read; returns `nil`. See [Byte
+  # IO](rdoc-ref:IO@Byte+IO).
+  #
+  # Note that:
+  #
+  # *   Calling the method has no effect with unbuffered reads (such as
+  #     IO#sysread).
+  # *   Calling #rewind on the stream discards the pushed-back data.
+  #
+  # When argument `integer` is given, uses only its low-order byte:
+  #
+  #     File.write('t.tmp', '012')
+  #     f = File.open('t.tmp')
+  #     f.ungetbyte(0x41)   # => nil
+  #     f.read              # => "A012"
+  #     f.rewind
+  #     f.ungetbyte(0x4243) # => nil
+  #     f.read              # => "C012"
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # When argument `string` is given, uses all bytes:
+  #
+  #     File.write('t.tmp', '012')
+  #     f = File.open('t.tmp')
+  #     f.ungetbyte('A')    # => nil
+  #     f.read              # => "A012"
+  #     f.rewind
+  #     f.ungetbyte('BCDE') # => nil
+  #     f.read              # => "BCDE012"
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  def ungetbyte: (String | Integer object) -> nil
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - ungetc(integer) -> nil
+  #   - ungetc(string)  -> nil
+  # -->
+  # Pushes back ("unshifts") the given data onto the stream's buffer, placing the
+  # data so that it is next to be read; returns `nil`. See [Character
+  # IO](rdoc-ref:IO@Character+IO).
+  #
+  # Note that:
+  #
+  # *   Calling the method has no effect with unbuffered reads (such as
+  #     IO#sysread).
+  # *   Calling #rewind on the stream discards the pushed-back data.
+  #
+  # When argument `integer` is given, interprets the integer as a character:
+  #
+  #     File.write('t.tmp', '012')
+  #     f = File.open('t.tmp')
+  #     f.ungetc(0x41)     # => nil
+  #     f.read             # => "A012"
+  #     f.rewind
+  #     f.ungetc(0x0442)   # => nil
+  #     f.getc.ord         # => 1090
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # When argument `string` is given, uses all characters:
+  #
+  #     File.write('t.tmp', '012')
+  #     f = File.open('t.tmp')
+  #     f.ungetc('A')      # => nil
+  #     f.read      # => "A012"
+  #     f.rewind
+  #     f.ungetc("\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442") # => nil
+  #     f.getc.ord      # => 1090
+  #     f.getc.ord      # => 1077
+  #     f.getc.ord      # => 1089
+  #     f.getc.ord      # => 1090
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  def ungetc: (String object) -> nil
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - write(*objects) -> integer
+  # -->
+  # Writes each of the given `objects` to `self`, which must be opened for writing
+  # (see [Access Modes](rdoc-ref:File@Access+Modes)); returns the total number
+  # bytes written; each of `objects` that is not a string is converted via method
+  # `to_s`:
+  #
+  #     $stdout.write('Hello', ', ', 'World!', "\n") # => 14
+  #     $stdout.write('foo', :bar, 2, "\n")          # => 8
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     Hello, World!
+  #     foobar2
+  #
+  # Related: IO#read.
+  #
+  def write: (*_ToS string) -> Integer
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.rb
+  #   - ios.write_nonblock(string)   -> integer
+  #   - ios.write_nonblock(string [, options])   -> integer
+  # -->
+  # Writes the given string to *ios* using the write(2) system call after
+  # O_NONBLOCK is set for the underlying file descriptor.
+  #
+  # It returns the number of bytes written.
+  #
+  # write_nonblock just calls the write(2) system call. It causes all errors the
+  # write(2) system call causes: Errno::EWOULDBLOCK, Errno::EINTR, etc. The result
+  # may also be smaller than string.length (partial write). The caller should care
+  # such errors and partial write.
+  #
+  # If the exception is Errno::EWOULDBLOCK or Errno::EAGAIN, it is extended by
+  # IO::WaitWritable. So IO::WaitWritable can be used to rescue the exceptions for
+  # retrying write_nonblock.
+  #
+  #     # Creates a pipe.
+  #     r, w = IO.pipe
+  #
+  #     # write_nonblock writes only 65536 bytes and return 65536.
+  #     # (The pipe size is 65536 bytes on this environment.)
+  #     s = "a" * 100000
+  #     p w.write_nonblock(s)     #=> 65536
+  #
+  #     # write_nonblock cannot write a byte and raise EWOULDBLOCK (EAGAIN).
+  #     p w.write_nonblock("b")   # Resource temporarily unavailable (Errno::EAGAIN)
+  #
+  # If the write buffer is not empty, it is flushed at first.
+  #
+  # When write_nonblock raises an exception kind of IO::WaitWritable,
+  # write_nonblock should not be called until io is writable for avoiding busy
+  # loop. This can be done as follows.
+  #
+  #     begin
+  #       result = io.write_nonblock(string)
+  #     rescue IO::WaitWritable, Errno::EINTR
+  #       IO.select(nil, [io])
+  #       retry
+  #     end
+  #
+  # Note that this doesn't guarantee to write all data in string. The length
+  # written is reported as result and it should be checked later.
+  #
+  # On some platforms such as Windows, write_nonblock is not supported according
+  # to the kind of the IO object. In such cases, write_nonblock raises
+  # <code>Errno::EBADF</code>.
+  #
+  # By specifying a keyword argument *exception* to `false`, you can indicate that
+  # write_nonblock should not raise an IO::WaitWritable exception, but return the
+  # symbol <code>:wait_writable</code> instead.
+  #
+  def write_nonblock: (_ToS s, ?exception: true) -> Integer
+                    | (_ToS s, exception: false) -> (Integer | :wait_writable | nil)
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - IO.binread(path, length = nil, offset = 0)    -> string or nil
+  # -->
+  # Behaves like IO.read, except that the stream is opened in binary mode with
+  # ASCII-8BIT encoding.
+  #
+  def self.binread: (path name, ?Integer? length, ?Integer offset) -> String
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - IO.binwrite(path, string, offset = 0)    -> integer
+  # -->
+  # Behaves like IO.write, except that the stream is opened in binary mode with
+  # ASCII-8BIT encoding.
+  #
+  def self.binwrite: (path name, _ToS string, ?Integer offset, ?mode: String mode) -> Integer
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - IO.copy_stream(src, dst, src_length = nil, src_offset = 0) -> integer
+  # -->
+  # Copies from the given `src` to the given `dst`, returning the number of bytes
+  # copied.
+  #
+  # *   The given `src` must be one of the following:
+  #
+  #     *   The path to a readable file, from which source data is to be read.
+  #     *   An IO-like object, opened for reading and capable of responding to
+  #         method <code>:readpartial</code> or method <code>:read</code>.
+  #
+  # *   The given `dst` must be one of the following:
+  #
+  #     *   The path to a writable file, to which data is to be written.
+  #     *   An IO-like object, opened for writing and capable of responding to
+  #         method <code>:write</code>.
+  #
+  # The examples here use file <code>t.txt</code> as source:
+  #
+  #     File.read('t.txt')
+  #     # => "First line\nSecond line\n\nThird line\nFourth line\n"
+  #     File.read('t.txt').size # => 47
+  #
+  # If only arguments `src` and `dst` are given, the entire source stream is
+  # copied:
+  #
+  #     # Paths.
+  #     IO.copy_stream('t.txt', 't.tmp')  # => 47
+  #
+  #     # IOs (recall that a File is also an IO).
+  #     src_io = File.open('t.txt', 'r') # => #<File:t.txt>
+  #     dst_io = File.open('t.tmp', 'w') # => #<File:t.tmp>
+  #     IO.copy_stream(src_io, dst_io)   # => 47
+  #     src_io.close
+  #     dst_io.close
+  #
+  # With argument `src_length` a non-negative integer, no more than that many
+  # bytes are copied:
+  #
+  #     IO.copy_stream('t.txt', 't.tmp', 10) # => 10
+  #     File.read('t.tmp')                   # => "First line"
+  #
+  # With argument `src_offset` also given, the source stream is read beginning at
+  # that offset:
+  #
+  #     IO.copy_stream('t.txt', 't.tmp', 11, 11) # => 11
+  #     IO.read('t.tmp')                         # => "Second line"
+  #
+  def self.copy_stream: (String | _Reader | _ReaderPartial src, String | _Writer dst, ?Integer? copy_length, ?Integer src_offset) -> Integer
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - IO.popen(env = {}, cmd, mode = 'r', **opts) -> io
+  #   - IO.popen(env = {}, cmd, mode = 'r', **opts) {|io| ... } -> object
+  # -->
+  # Executes the given command `cmd` as a subprocess whose $stdin and $stdout are
+  # connected to a new stream `io`.
+  #
+  # This method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted
+  # input; see [Command Injection](rdoc-ref:security/command_injection.rdoc).
+  #
+  # If no block is given, returns the new stream, which depending on given `mode`
+  # may be open for reading, writing, or both. The stream should be explicitly
+  # closed (eventually) to avoid resource leaks.
+  #
+  # If a block is given, the stream is passed to the block (again, open for
+  # reading, writing, or both); when the block exits, the stream is closed, the
+  # block's value is returned, and the global variable <code>$?</code> is set to
+  # the child's exit status.
+  #
+  # Optional argument `mode` may be any valid IO mode. See [Access
+  # Modes](rdoc-ref:File@Access+Modes).
+  #
+  # Required argument `cmd` determines which of the following occurs:
+  #
+  # *   The process forks.
+  # *   A specified program runs in a shell.
+  # *   A specified program runs with specified arguments.
+  # *   A specified program runs with specified arguments and a specified `argv0`.
+  #
+  # Each of these is detailed below.
+  #
+  # The optional hash argument `env` specifies name/value pairs that are to be
+  # added to the environment variables for the subprocess:
+  #
+  #     IO.popen({'FOO' => 'bar'}, 'ruby', 'r+') do |pipe|
+  #       pipe.puts 'puts ENV["FOO"]'
+  #       pipe.close_write
+  #       pipe.gets
+  #     end => "bar\n"
+  #
+  # Optional keyword arguments `opts` specify:
+  #
+  # *   [Open options](rdoc-ref:IO@Open+Options).
+  # *   [Encoding options](rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc@Encoding+Options).
+  # *   Options for Kernel#spawn.
+  #
+  # **Forked Process**
+  #
+  # When argument `cmd` is the 1-character string <code>'-'</code>, causes the
+  # process to fork:
+  #     IO.popen('-') do |pipe|
+  #       if pipe
+  #         $stderr.puts "In parent, child pid is #{pipe.pid}\n"
+  #       else
+  #         $stderr.puts "In child, pid is #{$$}\n"
+  #       end
+  #     end
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     In parent, child pid is 26253
+  #     In child, pid is 26253
+  #
+  # Note that this is not supported on all platforms.
+  #
+  # **Shell Subprocess**
+  #
+  # When argument `cmd` is a single string (but not <code>'-'</code>), the program
+  # named `cmd` is run as a shell command:
+  #
+  #     IO.popen('uname') do |pipe|
+  #       pipe.readlines
+  #     end
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     ["Linux\n"]
+  #
+  # Another example:
+  #
+  #     IO.popen('/bin/sh', 'r+') do |pipe|
+  #       pipe.puts('ls')
+  #       pipe.close_write
+  #       $stderr.puts pipe.readlines.size
+  #     end
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     213
+  #
+  # **Program Subprocess**
+  #
+  # When argument `cmd` is an array of strings, the program named
+  # <code>cmd[0]</code> is run with all elements of `cmd` as its arguments:
+  #
+  #     IO.popen(['du', '..', '.']) do |pipe|
+  #       $stderr.puts pipe.readlines.size
+  #     end
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     1111
+  #
+  # <strong>Program Subprocess with `argv0`</strong>
+  #
+  # When argument `cmd` is an array whose first element is a 2-element string
+  # array and whose remaining elements (if any) are strings:
+  #
+  # *   <code>cmd[0][0]</code> (the first string in the nested array) is the name
+  #     of a program that is run.
+  # *   <code>cmd[0][1]</code> (the second string in the nested array) is set as
+  #     the program's <code>argv[0]</code>.
+  # *   <code>cmd[1..-1]</code> (the strings in the outer array) are the program's
+  #     arguments.
+  #
+  # Example (sets <code>$0</code> to 'foo'):
+  #
+  #     IO.popen([['/bin/sh', 'foo'], '-c', 'echo $0']).read # => "foo\n"
+  #
+  # **Some Special Examples**
+  #
+  #     # Set IO encoding.
+  #     IO.popen("nkf -e filename", :external_encoding=>"EUC-JP") {|nkf_io|
+  #       euc_jp_string = nkf_io.read
+  #     }
+  #
+  #     # Merge standard output and standard error using Kernel#spawn option. See Kernel#spawn.
+  #     IO.popen(["ls", "/", :err=>[:child, :out]]) do |io|
+  #       ls_result_with_error = io.read
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     # Use mixture of spawn options and IO options.
+  #     IO.popen(["ls", "/"], :err=>[:child, :out]) do |io|
+  #       ls_result_with_error = io.read
+  #     end
+  #
+  #      f = IO.popen("uname")
+  #      p f.readlines
+  #      f.close
+  #      puts "Parent is #{Process.pid}"
+  #      IO.popen("date") {|f| puts f.gets }
+  #      IO.popen("-") {|f| $stderr.puts "#{Process.pid} is here, f is #{f.inspect}"}
+  #      p $?
+  #      IO.popen(%w"sed -e s|^|<foo>| -e s&$&;zot;&", "r+") {|f|
+  #        f.puts "bar"; f.close_write; puts f.gets
+  #      }
+  #
+  # Output (from last section):
+  #
+  #     ["Linux\n"]
+  #     Parent is 21346
+  #     Thu Jan 15 22:41:19 JST 2009
+  #     21346 is here, f is #<IO:fd 3>
+  #     21352 is here, f is nil
+  #     #<Process::Status: pid 21352 exit 0>
+  #     <foo>bar;zot;
+  #
+  # Raises exceptions that IO.pipe and Kernel.spawn raise.
+  #
+  def self.popen: (string | cmd_array cmd, ?string | int mode, ?path: string?, ?external_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?internal_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?textmode: boolish, ?binmode: boolish, ?autoclose: boolish, ?mode: String, ?unsetenv_others: bool, ?pgroup: true | Integer, ?umask: Integer, ?in: Kernel::redirect_fd, ?out: Kernel::redirect_fd, ?err: Kernel::redirect_fd, ?close_others: bool, ?chdir: String) -> instance
+                | (Hash[string, string?] env, string | cmd_array cmd, ?string | int mode, ?path: string?, ?external_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?internal_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?textmode: boolish, ?binmode: boolish, ?autoclose: boolish, ?mode: String, ?unsetenv_others: bool, ?pgroup: true | Integer, ?umask: Integer, ?in: Kernel::redirect_fd, ?out: Kernel::redirect_fd, ?err: Kernel::redirect_fd, ?close_others: bool, ?chdir: String) -> instance
+                | [X] (string | cmd_array cmd, ?string | int mode, ?path: string?, ?external_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?internal_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?textmode: boolish, ?binmode: boolish, ?autoclose: boolish, ?mode: String, ?unsetenv_others: bool, ?pgroup: true | Integer, ?umask: Integer, ?in: Kernel::redirect_fd, ?out: Kernel::redirect_fd, ?err: Kernel::redirect_fd, ?close_others: bool, ?chdir: String) { (instance) -> X } -> X
+                | [X] (Hash[string, string?] env, string | cmd_array cmd, ?string | int mode, ?path: string?, ?external_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?internal_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?textmode: boolish, ?binmode: boolish, ?autoclose: boolish, ?mode: String, ?unsetenv_others: bool, ?pgroup: true | Integer, ?umask: Integer, ?in: Kernel::redirect_fd, ?out: Kernel::redirect_fd, ?err: Kernel::redirect_fd, ?close_others: bool, ?chdir: String) { (instance) -> X } -> X
+
+  # The command can be given as:
+  #
+  # * Array of string `["ruby", "-v"]`, or
+  # * Array of string with the first element of array `[["ruby", "RUBY"], "-v"]`
+  #
+  # But RBS cannot define such a type. So this is simply a union of `string` or `[String, String]`.
+  #
+  type cmd_array = array[string | [String, String]]
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - IO.foreach(path, sep = $/, **opts) {|line| block }       -> nil
+  #   - IO.foreach(path, limit, **opts) {|line| block }          -> nil
+  #   - IO.foreach(path, sep, limit, **opts) {|line| block }     -> nil
+  #   - IO.foreach(...)                                          -> an_enumerator
+  # -->
+  # Calls the block with each successive line read from the stream.
+  #
+  # The first argument must be a string that is the path to a file.
+  #
+  # With only argument `path` given, parses lines from the file at the given
+  # `path`, as determined by the default line separator, and calls the block with
+  # each successive line:
+  #
+  #     File.foreach('t.txt') {|line| p line }
+  #
+  # Output: the same as above.
+  #
+  # For both forms, command and path, the remaining arguments are the same.
+  #
+  # With argument `sep` given, parses lines as determined by that line separator
+  # (see [Line Separator](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Separator)):
+  #
+  #     File.foreach('t.txt', 'li') {|line| p line }
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     "First li"
+  #     "ne\nSecond li"
+  #     "ne\n\nThird li"
+  #     "ne\nFourth li"
+  #     "ne\n"
+  #
+  # Each paragraph:
+  #
+  #     File.foreach('t.txt', '') {|paragraph| p paragraph }
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     "First line\nSecond line\n\n"
+  #     "Third line\nFourth line\n"
+  #
+  # With argument `limit` given, parses lines as determined by the default line
+  # separator and the given line-length limit (see [Line
+  # Separator](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Separator) and [Line
+  # Limit](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Limit)):
+  #
+  #     File.foreach('t.txt', 7) {|line| p line }
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     "First l"
+  #     "ine\n"
+  #     "Second "
+  #     "line\n"
+  #     "\n"
+  #     "Third l"
+  #     "ine\n"
+  #     "Fourth l"
+  #     "line\n"
+  #
+  # With arguments `sep` and `limit` given, combines the two behaviors (see [Line
+  # Separator and Line Limit](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Separator+and+Line+Limit)).
+  #
+  # Optional keyword arguments `opts` specify:
+  #
+  # *   [Open Options](rdoc-ref:IO@Open+Options).
+  # *   [Encoding options](rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc@Encoding+Options).
+  # *   [Line Options](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+IO).
+  #
+  # Returns an Enumerator if no block is given.
+  #
+  def self.foreach: (path path, ?String sep, ?Integer limit, ?external_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?internal_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?textmode: boolish, ?binmode: boolish, ?autoclose: boolish, ?mode: String, ?chomp: boolish) { (String line) -> void } -> nil
+                  | (path path, ?String sep, ?Integer limit, ?external_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?internal_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?textmode: boolish, ?binmode: boolish, ?autoclose: boolish, ?mode: String, ?chomp: boolish) -> ::Enumerator[String, nil]
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - IO.pipe(**opts) -> [read_io, write_io]
+  #   - IO.pipe(enc, **opts) -> [read_io, write_io]
+  #   - IO.pipe(ext_enc, int_enc, **opts) -> [read_io, write_io]
+  #   - IO.pipe(**opts) {|read_io, write_io| ...} -> object
+  #   - IO.pipe(enc, **opts) {|read_io, write_io| ...} -> object
+  #   - IO.pipe(ext_enc, int_enc, **opts) {|read_io, write_io| ...} -> object
+  # -->
+  # Creates a pair of pipe endpoints, `read_io` and `write_io`, connected to each
+  # other.
+  #
+  # If argument `enc_string` is given, it must be a string containing one of:
+  #
+  # *   The name of the encoding to be used as the external encoding.
+  # *   The colon-separated names of two encodings to be used as the external and
+  #     internal encodings.
+  #
+  # If argument `int_enc` is given, it must be an Encoding object or encoding name
+  # string that specifies the internal encoding to be used; if argument `ext_enc`
+  # is also given, it must be an Encoding object or encoding name string that
+  # specifies the external encoding to be used.
+  #
+  # The string read from `read_io` is tagged with the external encoding; if an
+  # internal encoding is also specified, the string is converted to, and tagged
+  # with, that encoding.
+  #
+  # If any encoding is specified, optional hash arguments specify the conversion
+  # option.
+  #
+  # Optional keyword arguments `opts` specify:
+  #
+  # *   [Open Options](rdoc-ref:IO@Open+Options).
+  # *   [Encoding Options](rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc@Encoding+Options).
+  #
+  # With no block given, returns the two endpoints in an array:
+  #
+  #     IO.pipe # => [#<IO:fd 4>, #<IO:fd 5>]
+  #
+  # With a block given, calls the block with the two endpoints; closes both
+  # endpoints and returns the value of the block:
+  #
+  #     IO.pipe {|read_io, write_io| p read_io; p write_io }
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     #<IO:fd 6>
+  #     #<IO:fd 7>
+  #
+  # Not available on all platforms.
+  #
+  # In the example below, the two processes close the ends of the pipe that they
+  # are not using. This is not just a cosmetic nicety. The read end of a pipe will
+  # not generate an end of file condition if there are any writers with the pipe
+  # still open. In the case of the parent process, the <code>rd.read</code> will
+  # never return if it does not first issue a <code>wr.close</code>:
+  #
+  #     rd, wr = IO.pipe
+  #
+  #     if fork
+  #       wr.close
+  #       puts "Parent got: <#{rd.read}>"
+  #       rd.close
+  #       Process.wait
+  #     else
+  #       rd.close
+  #       puts 'Sending message to parent'
+  #       wr.write "Hi Dad"
+  #       wr.close
+  #     end
+  #
+  # <em>produces:</em>
+  #
+  #     Sending message to parent
+  #     Parent got: <Hi Dad>
+  #
+  def self.pipe: (?String | Encoding | nil ext_or_ext_int_enc, ?String | Encoding | nil int_enc, ?external_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?internal_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?textmode: boolish, ?binmode: boolish, ?autoclose: boolish, ?mode: String, ?chomp: boolish) -> [IO, IO]
+               | [X] (?String | Encoding | nil ext_or_ext_int_enc, ?String | Encoding | nil int_enc, ?external_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?internal_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?textmode: boolish, ?binmode: boolish, ?autoclose: boolish, ?mode: String, ?chomp: boolish) { (IO read_io, IO write_io) -> X } -> X
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - IO.read(path, length = nil, offset = 0, **opts)    -> string or nil
+  # -->
+  # Opens the stream, reads and returns some or all of its content, and closes the
+  # stream; returns `nil` if no bytes were read.
+  #
+  # The first argument must be a string that is the path to a file.
+  #
+  # With only argument `path` given, reads in text mode and returns the entire
+  # content of the file at the given path:
+  #
+  #     IO.read('t.txt')
+  #     # => "First line\nSecond line\n\nThird line\nFourth line\n"
+  #
+  # On Windows, text mode can terminate reading and leave bytes in the file unread
+  # when encountering certain special bytes. Consider using IO.binread if all
+  # bytes in the file should be read.
+  #
+  # With argument `length`, returns `length` bytes if available:
+  #
+  #     IO.read('t.txt', 7) # => "First l"
+  #     IO.read('t.txt', 700)
+  #     # => "First line\r\nSecond line\r\n\r\nFourth line\r\nFifth line\r\n"
+  #
+  # With arguments `length` and `offset`, returns `length` bytes if available,
+  # beginning at the given `offset`:
+  #
+  #     IO.read('t.txt', 10, 2)   # => "rst line\nS"
+  #     IO.read('t.txt', 10, 200) # => nil
+  #
+  # Optional keyword arguments `opts` specify:
+  #
+  # *   [Open Options](rdoc-ref:IO@Open+Options).
+  # *   [Encoding options](rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc@Encoding+Options).
+  #
+  def self.read: (path name, ?Integer? length, ?Integer offset, ?external_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?internal_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?textmode: boolish, ?binmode: boolish, ?autoclose: boolish, ?mode: String) -> String
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - IO.readlines(path, sep = $/, **opts)     -> array
+  #   - IO.readlines(path, limit, **opts)      -> array
+  #   - IO.readlines(path, sep, limit, **opts) -> array
+  # -->
+  # Returns an array of all lines read from the stream.
+  #
+  # The first argument must be a string that is the path to a file.
+  #
+  # With only argument `path` given, parses lines from the file at the given
+  # `path`, as determined by the default line separator, and returns those lines
+  # in an array:
+  #
+  #     IO.readlines('t.txt')
+  #     # => ["First line\n", "Second line\n", "\n", "Third line\n", "Fourth line\n"]
+  #
+  # With argument `sep` given, parses lines as determined by that line separator
+  # (see [Line Separator](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Separator)):
+  #
+  #     # Ordinary separator.
+  #     IO.readlines('t.txt', 'li')
+  #     # =>["First li", "ne\nSecond li", "ne\n\nThird li", "ne\nFourth li", "ne\n"]
+  #     # Get-paragraphs separator.
+  #     IO.readlines('t.txt', '')
+  #     # => ["First line\nSecond line\n\n", "Third line\nFourth line\n"]
+  #     # Get-all separator.
+  #     IO.readlines('t.txt', nil)
+  #     # => ["First line\nSecond line\n\nThird line\nFourth line\n"]
+  #
+  # With argument `limit` given, parses lines as determined by the default line
+  # separator and the given line-length limit (see [Line
+  # Separator](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Separator) and [Line
+  # Limit](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Limit):
+  #
+  #     IO.readlines('t.txt', 7)
+  #     # => ["First l", "ine\n", "Second ", "line\n", "\n", "Third l", "ine\n", "Fourth ", "line\n"]
+  #
+  # With arguments `sep` and `limit` given, combines the two behaviors (see [Line
+  # Separator and Line Limit](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Separator+and+Line+Limit)).
+  #
+  # Optional keyword arguments `opts` specify:
+  #
+  # *   [Open Options](rdoc-ref:IO@Open+Options).
+  # *   [Encoding options](rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc@Encoding+Options).
+  # *   [Line Options](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+IO).
+  #
+  def self.readlines: (path name, ?String sep, ?Integer limit, ?external_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?internal_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?textmode: boolish, ?binmode: boolish, ?autoclose: boolish, ?mode: String, ?chomp: boolish) -> ::Array[String]
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - IO.select(read_ios, write_ios = [], error_ios = [], timeout = nil) -> array or nil
+  # -->
+  # Invokes system call [select(2)](https://linux.die.net/man/2/select), which
+  # monitors multiple file descriptors, waiting until one or more of the file
+  # descriptors becomes ready for some class of I/O operation.
+  #
+  # Not implemented on all platforms.
+  #
+  # Each of the arguments `read_ios`, `write_ios`, and `error_ios` is an array of
+  # IO objects.
+  #
+  # Argument `timeout` is a numeric value (such as integer or float) timeout
+  # interval in seconds. `timeout` can also be `nil` or
+  # <code>Float::INFINITY</code>. `nil` and <code>Float::INFINITY</code> means no
+  # timeout.
+  #
+  # The method monitors the IO objects given in all three arrays, waiting for some
+  # to be ready; returns a 3-element array whose elements are:
+  #
+  # *   An array of the objects in `read_ios` that are ready for reading.
+  # *   An array of the objects in `write_ios` that are ready for writing.
+  # *   An array of the objects in `error_ios` have pending exceptions.
+  #
+  # If no object becomes ready within the given `timeout`, `nil` is returned.
+  #
+  # IO.select peeks the buffer of IO objects for testing readability. If the IO
+  # buffer is not empty, IO.select immediately notifies readability.  This "peek"
+  # only happens for IO objects.  It does not happen for IO-like objects such as
+  # OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket.
+  #
+  # The best way to use IO.select is invoking it after non-blocking methods such
+  # as #read_nonblock, #write_nonblock, etc.  The methods raise an exception which
+  # is extended by IO::WaitReadable or IO::WaitWritable.  The modules notify how
+  # the caller should wait with IO.select.  If IO::WaitReadable is raised, the
+  # caller should wait for reading.  If IO::WaitWritable is raised, the caller
+  # should wait for writing.
+  #
+  # So, blocking read (#readpartial) can be emulated using #read_nonblock and
+  # IO.select as follows:
+  #
+  #     begin
+  #       result = io_like.read_nonblock(maxlen)
+  #     rescue IO::WaitReadable
+  #       IO.select([io_like])
+  #       retry
+  #     rescue IO::WaitWritable
+  #       IO.select(nil, [io_like])
+  #       retry
+  #     end
+  #
+  # Especially, the combination of non-blocking methods and IO.select is preferred
+  # for IO like objects such as OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket.  It has #to_io method to
+  # return underlying IO object.  IO.select calls #to_io to obtain the file
+  # descriptor to wait.
+  #
+  # This means that readability notified by IO.select doesn't mean readability
+  # from OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket object.
+  #
+  # The most likely situation is that OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket buffers some data.
+  # IO.select doesn't see the buffer.  So IO.select can block when
+  # OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket#readpartial doesn't block.
+  #
+  # However, several more complicated situations exist.
+  #
+  # SSL is a protocol which is sequence of records. The record consists of
+  # multiple bytes. So, the remote side of SSL sends a partial record, IO.select
+  # notifies readability but OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket cannot decrypt a byte and
+  # OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket#readpartial will block.
+  #
+  # Also, the remote side can request SSL renegotiation which forces the local SSL
+  # engine to write some data. This means OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket#readpartial may
+  # invoke #write system call and it can block. In such a situation,
+  # OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket#read_nonblock raises IO::WaitWritable instead of
+  # blocking. So, the caller should wait for ready for writability as above
+  # example.
+  #
+  # The combination of non-blocking methods and IO.select is also useful for
+  # streams such as tty, pipe socket socket when multiple processes read from a
+  # stream.
+  #
+  # Finally, Linux kernel developers don't guarantee that readability of select(2)
+  # means readability of following read(2) even for a single process; see
+  # [select(2)](https://linux.die.net/man/2/select)
+  #
+  # Invoking IO.select before IO#readpartial works well as usual. However it is
+  # not the best way to use IO.select.
+  #
+  # The writability notified by select(2) doesn't show how many bytes are
+  # writable. IO#write method blocks until given whole string is written. So,
+  # <code>IO#write(two or more bytes)</code> can block after writability is
+  # notified by IO.select.  IO#write_nonblock is required to avoid the blocking.
+  #
+  # Blocking write (#write) can be emulated using #write_nonblock and IO.select as
+  # follows: IO::WaitReadable should also be rescued for SSL renegotiation in
+  # OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket.
+  #
+  #     while 0 < string.bytesize
+  #       begin
+  #         written = io_like.write_nonblock(string)
+  #       rescue IO::WaitReadable
+  #         IO.select([io_like])
+  #         retry
+  #       rescue IO::WaitWritable
+  #         IO.select(nil, [io_like])
+  #         retry
+  #       end
+  #       string = string.byteslice(written..-1)
+  #     end
+  #
+  # Example:
+  #
+  #     rp, wp = IO.pipe
+  #     mesg = "ping "
+  #     100.times {
+  #       # IO.select follows IO#read.  Not the best way to use IO.select.
+  #       rs, ws, = IO.select([rp], [wp])
+  #       if r = rs[0]
+  #         ret = r.read(5)
+  #         print ret
+  #         case ret
+  #         when /ping/
+  #           mesg = "pong\n"
+  #         when /pong/
+  #           mesg = "ping "
+  #         end
+  #       end
+  #       if w = ws[0]
+  #         w.write(mesg)
+  #       end
+  #     }
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     ping pong
+  #     ping pong
+  #     ping pong
+  #     (snipped)
+  #     ping
+  #
+  def self.select: [X, Y, Z] (::Array[X & io]? read_array, ?::Array[Y & io]? write_array, ?::Array[Z & io]? error_array) -> [ Array[X], Array[Y], Array[Z] ]
+                 | [X, Y, Z] (::Array[X & io]? read_array, ?::Array[Y & io]? write_array, ?::Array[Z & io]? error_array, Time::_Timeout? timeout) -> [ Array[X], Array[Y], Array[Z] ]?
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - IO.sysopen(path, mode = 'r', perm = 0666) -> integer
+  # -->
+  # Opens the file at the given path with the given mode and permissions; returns
+  # the integer file descriptor.
+  #
+  # If the file is to be readable, it must exist; if the file is to be writable
+  # and does not exist, it is created with the given permissions:
+  #
+  #     File.write('t.tmp', '')  # => 0
+  #     IO.sysopen('t.tmp')      # => 8
+  #     IO.sysopen('t.tmp', 'w') # => 9
+  #
+  def self.sysopen: (String path, ?String mode, ?String perm) -> Integer
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - IO.try_convert(object) -> new_io or nil
+  # -->
+  # Attempts to convert `object` into an IO object via method `to_io`; returns the
+  # new IO object if successful, or `nil` otherwise:
+  #
+  #     IO.try_convert(STDOUT)   # => #<IO:<STDOUT>>
+  #     IO.try_convert(ARGF)     # => #<IO:<STDIN>>
+  #     IO.try_convert('STDOUT') # => nil
+  #
+  def self.try_convert: (_ToIO obj) -> IO
+                      | (untyped obj) -> IO?
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - IO.write(path, data, offset = 0, **opts)    -> integer
+  # -->
+  # Opens the stream, writes the given `data` to it, and closes the stream;
+  # returns the number of bytes written.
+  #
+  # The first argument must be a string that is the path to a file.
+  #
+  # With only argument `path` given, writes the given `data` to the file at that
+  # path:
+  #
+  #     IO.write('t.tmp', 'abc')    # => 3
+  #     File.read('t.tmp')          # => "abc"
+  #
+  # If `offset` is zero (the default), the file is overwritten:
+  #
+  #     IO.write('t.tmp', 'A')      # => 1
+  #     File.read('t.tmp')          # => "A"
+  #
+  # If `offset` in within the file content, the file is partly overwritten:
+  #
+  #     IO.write('t.tmp', 'abcdef') # => 3
+  #     File.read('t.tmp')          # => "abcdef"
+  #     # Offset within content.
+  #     IO.write('t.tmp', '012', 2) # => 3
+  #     File.read('t.tmp')          # => "ab012f"
+  #
+  # If `offset` is outside the file content, the file is padded with null
+  # characters <code>"\u0000"</code>:
+  #
+  #     IO.write('t.tmp', 'xyz', 10) # => 3
+  #     File.read('t.tmp')           # => "ab012f\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000xyz"
+  #
+  # Optional keyword arguments `opts` specify:
+  #
+  # *   [Open Options](rdoc-ref:IO@Open+Options).
+  # *   [Encoding options](rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc@Encoding+Options).
+  #
+  def self.write: (path path, _ToS data, ?Integer offset, ?external_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?internal_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?textmode: boolish, ?binmode: boolish, ?autoclose: boolish, ?mode: String) -> Integer
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - IO.for_fd(fd, mode = 'r', **opts) -> io
+  # -->
+  # Synonym for IO.new.
+  #
+  alias self.for_fd self.new
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - IO.open(fd, mode = 'r', **opts)             -> io
+  #   - IO.open(fd, mode = 'r', **opts) {|io| ... } -> object
+  # -->
+  # Creates a new IO object, via IO.new with the given arguments.
+  #
+  # With no block given, returns the IO object.
+  #
+  # With a block given, calls the block with the IO object and returns the block's
+  # value.
+  #
+  def self.open: (int fd, ?string | int mode, ?path: string?, ?external_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?internal_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?textmode: boolish, ?binmode: boolish, ?autoclose: boolish, ?mode: String) -> instance
+               | [X] (int fd, ?string | int mode, ?path: string?, ?external_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?internal_encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?encoding: String | Encoding | nil, ?textmode: boolish, ?binmode: boolish, ?autoclose: boolish, ?mode: String) { (instance) -> X } -> X
+
+  # <!-- rdoc-file=io.c -->
+  # Calls the block with each remaining line read from the stream; returns `self`.
+  # Does nothing if already at end-of-stream; See [Line IO](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+IO).
+  #
+  # With no arguments given, reads lines as determined by line separator
+  # <code>$/</code>:
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt')
+  #     f.each_line {|line| p line }
+  #     f.each_line {|line| fail 'Cannot happen' }
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     "First line\n"
+  #     "Second line\n"
+  #     "\n"
+  #     "Fourth line\n"
+  #     "Fifth line\n"
+  #
+  # With only string argument `sep` given, reads lines as determined by line
+  # separator `sep`; see [Line Separator](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Separator):
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt')
+  #     f.each_line('li') {|line| p line }
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     "First li"
+  #     "ne\nSecond li"
+  #     "ne\n\nFourth li"
+  #     "ne\nFifth li"
+  #     "ne\n"
+  #
+  # The two special values for `sep` are honored:
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt')
+  #     # Get all into one string.
+  #     f.each_line(nil) {|line| p line }
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     "First line\nSecond line\n\nFourth line\nFifth line\n"
+  #
+  #     f.rewind
+  #     # Get paragraphs (up to two line separators).
+  #     f.each_line('') {|line| p line }
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     "First line\nSecond line\n\n"
+  #     "Fourth line\nFifth line\n"
+  #
+  # With only integer argument `limit` given, limits the number of bytes in each
+  # line; see [Line Limit](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Limit):
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt')
+  #     f.each_line(8) {|line| p line }
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     "First li"
+  #     "ne\n"
+  #     "Second l"
+  #     "ine\n"
+  #     "\n"
+  #     "Fourth l"
+  #     "ine\n"
+  #     "Fifth li"
+  #     "ne\n"
+  #
+  # With arguments `sep` and `limit` given, combines the two behaviors (see [Line
+  # Separator and Line Limit](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Separator+and+Line+Limit)).
+  #
+  # Optional keyword argument `chomp` specifies whether line separators are to be
+  # omitted:
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt')
+  #     f.each_line(chomp: true) {|line| p line }
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     "First line"
+  #     "Second line"
+  #     ""
+  #     "Fourth line"
+  #     "Fifth line"
+  #
+  # Returns an Enumerator if no block is given.
+  #
+  def each_line: (?string sep, ?int limit, ?chomp: boolish) { (String line) -> void } -> self
+               | (?string sep, ?int limit, ?chomp: boolish) -> ::Enumerator[String, self]
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=io.c
+  #   - each_line(sep = $/, chomp: false) {|line| ... }   -> self
+  #   - each_line(limit, chomp: false) {|line| ... }      -> self
+  #   - each_line(sep, limit, chomp: false) {|line| ... } -> self
+  #   - each_line                                   -> enumerator
+  # -->
+  # Calls the block with each remaining line read from the stream; returns `self`.
+  # Does nothing if already at end-of-stream; See [Line IO](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+IO).
+  #
+  # With no arguments given, reads lines as determined by line separator
+  # <code>$/</code>:
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt')
+  #     f.each_line {|line| p line }
+  #     f.each_line {|line| fail 'Cannot happen' }
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     "First line\n"
+  #     "Second line\n"
+  #     "\n"
+  #     "Fourth line\n"
+  #     "Fifth line\n"
+  #
+  # With only string argument `sep` given, reads lines as determined by line
+  # separator `sep`; see [Line Separator](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Separator):
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt')
+  #     f.each_line('li') {|line| p line }
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     "First li"
+  #     "ne\nSecond li"
+  #     "ne\n\nFourth li"
+  #     "ne\nFifth li"
+  #     "ne\n"
+  #
+  # The two special values for `sep` are honored:
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt')
+  #     # Get all into one string.
+  #     f.each_line(nil) {|line| p line }
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     "First line\nSecond line\n\nFourth line\nFifth line\n"
+  #
+  #     f.rewind
+  #     # Get paragraphs (up to two line separators).
+  #     f.each_line('') {|line| p line }
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     "First line\nSecond line\n\n"
+  #     "Fourth line\nFifth line\n"
+  #
+  # With only integer argument `limit` given, limits the number of bytes in each
+  # line; see [Line Limit](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Limit):
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt')
+  #     f.each_line(8) {|line| p line }
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     "First li"
+  #     "ne\n"
+  #     "Second l"
+  #     "ine\n"
+  #     "\n"
+  #     "Fourth l"
+  #     "ine\n"
+  #     "Fifth li"
+  #     "ne\n"
+  #
+  # With arguments `sep` and `limit` given, combines the two behaviors (see [Line
+  # Separator and Line Limit](rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Separator+and+Line+Limit)).
+  #
+  # Optional keyword argument `chomp` specifies whether line separators are to be
+  # omitted:
+  #
+  #     f = File.new('t.txt')
+  #     f.each_line(chomp: true) {|line| p line }
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #     "First line"
+  #     "Second line"
+  #     ""
+  #     "Fourth line"
+  #     "Fifth line"
+  #
+  # Returns an Enumerator if no block is given.
+  #
+  alias each each_line
+
+  # <!-- rdoc-file=io.c -->
+  # Returns `true` if the stream is positioned at its end, `false` otherwise; see
+  # [Position](rdoc-ref:IO@Position):
+  #
+  #     f = File.open('t.txt')
+  #     f.eof           # => false
+  #     f.seek(0, :END) # => 0
+  #     f.eof           # => true
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  # Raises an exception unless the stream is opened for reading; see
+  # [Mode](rdoc-ref:File@Access+Modes).
+  #
+  # If `self` is a stream such as pipe or socket, this method blocks until the
+  # other end sends some data or closes it:
+  #
+  #     r, w = IO.pipe
+  #     Thread.new { sleep 1; w.close }
+  #     r.eof? # => true # After 1-second wait.
+  #
+  #     r, w = IO.pipe
+  #     Thread.new { sleep 1; w.puts "a" }
+  #     r.eof?  # => false # After 1-second wait.
+  #
+  #     r, w = IO.pipe
+  #     r.eof?  # blocks forever
+  #
+  # Note that this method reads data to the input byte buffer.  So IO#sysread may
+  # not behave as you intend with IO#eof?, unless you call IO#rewind first (which
+  # is not available for some streams).
+  #
+  alias eof? eof
+
+  # <!-- rdoc-file=io.c -->
+  # Returns the integer file descriptor for the stream:
+  #
+  #     $stdin.fileno             # => 0
+  #     $stdout.fileno            # => 1
+  #     $stderr.fileno            # => 2
+  #     File.open('t.txt').fileno # => 10
+  #     f.close
+  #
+  alias to_i fileno
+
+  interface _ForFd[RET]
+    def for_fd: (?) -> RET
+  end
+end
+
+IO::APPEND: Integer
+
+IO::BINARY: Integer
+
+IO::CREAT: Integer
+
+IO::DIRECT: Integer
+
+IO::DSYNC: Integer
+
+IO::EXCL: Integer
+
+IO::FNM_CASEFOLD: Integer
+
+IO::FNM_DOTMATCH: Integer
+
+IO::FNM_EXTGLOB: Integer
+
+IO::FNM_NOESCAPE: Integer
+
+IO::FNM_PATHNAME: Integer
+
+IO::FNM_SHORTNAME: Integer
+
+IO::FNM_SYSCASE: Integer
+
+IO::LOCK_EX: Integer
+
+IO::LOCK_NB: Integer
+
+IO::LOCK_SH: Integer
+
+IO::LOCK_UN: Integer
+
+IO::NOATIME: Integer
+
+IO::NOCTTY: Integer
+
+IO::NOFOLLOW: Integer
+
+IO::NONBLOCK: Integer
+
+IO::NULL: String
+
+IO::RDONLY: Integer
+
+IO::RDWR: Integer
+
+IO::RSYNC: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=io.c -->
+# Set I/O position from the current position
+#
+IO::SEEK_CUR: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=io.c -->
+# Set I/O position to the next location containing data
+#
+IO::SEEK_DATA: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=io.c -->
+# Set I/O position from the end
+#
+IO::SEEK_END: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=io.c -->
+# Set I/O position to the next hole
+#
+IO::SEEK_HOLE: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=io.c -->
+# Set I/O position from the beginning
+#
+IO::SEEK_SET: Integer
+
+IO::SHARE_DELETE: Integer
+
+IO::SYNC: Integer
+
+IO::TMPFILE: Integer
+
+IO::TRUNC: Integer
+
+IO::WRONLY: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=io.c -->
+# Readable event mask for IO#wait.
+#
+IO::READABLE: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=io.c -->
+# Writable event mask for IO#wait.
+#
+IO::WRITABLE: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=io.c -->
+# Priority event mask for IO#wait.
+#
+IO::PRIORITY: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=io.c -->
+# exception to wait for reading by EAGAIN. see IO.select.
+#
+class IO::EAGAINWaitReadable < Errno::EAGAIN
+  include IO::WaitReadable
+end
+
+IO::EAGAINWaitReadable::Errno: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=io.c -->
+# exception to wait for writing by EAGAIN. see IO.select.
+#
+class IO::EAGAINWaitWritable < Errno::EAGAIN
+  include IO::WaitWritable
+end
+
+IO::EAGAINWaitWritable::Errno: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=io.c -->
+# exception to wait for reading by EINPROGRESS. see IO.select.
+#
+class IO::EINPROGRESSWaitReadable < Errno::EINPROGRESS
+  include IO::WaitReadable
+end
+
+IO::EINPROGRESSWaitReadable::Errno: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=io.c -->
+# exception to wait for writing by EINPROGRESS. see IO.select.
+#
+class IO::EINPROGRESSWaitWritable < Errno::EINPROGRESS
+  include IO::WaitWritable
+end
+
+IO::EINPROGRESSWaitWritable::Errno: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=io.c -->
+# exception to wait for reading. see IO.select.
+#
+module IO::WaitReadable
+end
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=io.c -->
+# exception to wait for writing. see IO.select.
+#
+module IO::WaitWritable
+end
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=io.c -->
+# Can be raised by IO operations when IO#timeout= is set.
+#
+class IO::TimeoutError < IOError
+end