pigeonhole-db 1.1.0

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/rbs-4.2.0/Rakefile

@@ -0,0 +1,1213 @@
+require "bundler/gem_tasks"
+require "rake/testtask"
+require "rbconfig"
+require 'rake/extensiontask'
+
+$LOAD_PATH << File.join(__dir__, "test")
+
+ruby = ENV["RUBY"] || RbConfig.ruby
+rbs = File.join(__dir__, "exe/rbs")
+bin = File.join(__dir__, "bin")
+
+Rake::ExtensionTask.new("rbs_extension")
+
+compile_task = Rake::Task[:compile]
+
+task :setup_extconf_compile_commands_json do
+  ENV["COMPILE_COMMANDS_JSON"] = "1"
+end
+
+compile_task.prerequisites.unshift(:setup_extconf_compile_commands_json)
+
+test_config = lambda do |t|
+  t.libs << "test"
+  t.libs << "lib"
+  t.test_files = FileList["test/**/*_test.rb"].reject do |path|
+    path =~ %r{test/stdlib/}
+  end
+  if defined?(RubyMemcheck)
+    if t.is_a?(RubyMemcheck::TestTask)
+      t.verbose = true
+      t.options = '-v'
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+if RUBY_ENGINE == "jruby"
+  # JRuby runs the parser in WebAssembly instead of the C extension, so there is
+  # nothing to compile. The wasm runtime must be assembled first with
+  # `rake wasm:jruby_setup` (which needs CRuby + the WASI SDK).
+  Rake::TestTask.new(:test, &test_config)
+else
+  Rake::TestTask.new(test: :compile, &test_config)
+end
+
+multitask :default => [:test, :stdlib_test, :typecheck_test, :rubocop, :validate, :test_doc]
+
+task :lexer do
+  sh "re2c -W --no-generation-date -o src/lexer.c src/lexer.re"
+  sh "clang-format -i -style=file src/lexer.c"
+end
+
+task :confirm_lexer => :lexer do
+  puts "Testing if lexer.c is updated with respect to lexer.re"
+  sh "git diff --exit-code src/lexer.c"
+end
+
+task :confirm_templates => :templates do
+  puts "Testing if generated code is updated with respect to templates"
+
+  # Every template generates the file it is named after: `templates/<path>.erb` generates `<path>`.
+  generated = Dir.glob("templates/**/*.erb").sort.map { _1.delete_prefix("templates/").delete_suffix(".erb") }
+
+  missing = generated.reject { File.exist?(_1) }
+  raise "Templates without a generated file: #{missing.join(", ")}. Is the `templates` task missing an entry?" unless missing.empty?
+
+  sh "git diff --exit-code -- #{generated.join(" ")}"
+end
+
+# Task to format C code using clang-format
+namespace :format do
+  dirs = ["src", "ext", "include"]
+
+  # Find all C source and header files
+  files = `find #{dirs.join(" ")} -type f \\( -name "*.c" -o -name "*.h" \\)`.split("\n")
+
+  desc "Format C source files using clang-format"
+  task :c do
+    puts "Formatting C files..."
+
+    # Check if clang-format is installed
+    unless system("which clang-format > /dev/null 2>&1")
+      abort "Error: clang-format not found. Please install clang-format first."
+    end
+
+    if files.empty?
+      puts "No C files found to format"
+      next
+    end
+
+    puts "Found #{files.length} files to format (excluding generated files)"
+
+    exit_status = 0
+    files.each do |file|
+      puts "Formatting #{file}"
+      unless system("clang-format -i -style=file #{file}")
+        puts "❌ Error formatting #{file}"
+        exit_status = 1
+      end
+    end
+
+    exit exit_status unless exit_status == 0
+    puts "✅ All files formatted successfully"
+  end
+
+  desc "Check if C source files are properly formatted"
+  task :c_check do
+    puts "Checking C file formatting..."
+
+    # Check if clang-format is installed
+    unless system("which clang-format > /dev/null 2>&1")
+      abort "Error: clang-format not found. Please install clang-format first."
+    end
+
+    if files.empty?
+      puts "No C files found to check"
+      next
+    end
+
+    puts "Found #{files.length} files to check (excluding generated files)"
+
+    needs_format = false
+    files.each do |file|
+      formatted = `clang-format -style=file #{file}`
+      original = File.read(file)
+
+      if formatted != original
+        puts "❌ #{file} needs formatting"
+        puts "Diff:"
+        # Save formatted version to temp file and run diff
+        temp_file = "#{file}.formatted"
+        File.write(temp_file, formatted)
+        system("diff -u #{file} #{temp_file}")
+        File.unlink(temp_file)
+        needs_format = true
+      end
+    end
+
+    if needs_format
+      warn "Some files need formatting. Run 'rake format:c' to format them."
+      exit 1
+    else
+      puts "✅ All files are properly formatted"
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+rule ".c" => ".re" do |t|
+  puts "⚠️⚠️⚠️ #{t.name} is older than #{t.source}. You may need to run `rake lexer` ⚠️⚠️⚠️"
+end
+
+rule %r{^src/(.*)\.c} => 'templates/%X.c.erb' do |t|
+  puts "⚠️⚠️⚠️ #{t.name} is older than #{t.source}. You may need to run `rake templates` ⚠️⚠️⚠️"
+end
+rule %r{^include/(.*)\.c} => 'templates/%X.c.erb' do |t|
+  puts "⚠️⚠️⚠️ #{t.name} is older than #{t.source}. You may need to run `rake templates` ⚠️⚠️⚠️"
+end
+rule %r{^ext/(.*)\.c} => 'templates/%X.c.erb' do |t|
+  puts "⚠️⚠️⚠️ #{t.name} is older than #{t.source}. You may need to run `rake templates` ⚠️⚠️⚠️"
+end
+
+task :annotate do
+  sh "bin/generate_docs.sh"
+end
+
+task :confirm_annotation do
+  puts "Testing if RBS docs are updated with respect to RDoc"
+  sh "git diff --exit-code core stdlib"
+end
+
+task :templates do
+  sh "#{ruby} templates/template.rb ext/rbs_extension/ast_translation.h"
+  sh "#{ruby} templates/template.rb ext/rbs_extension/ast_translation.c"
+
+  sh "#{ruby} templates/template.rb ext/rbs_extension/class_constants.h"
+  sh "#{ruby} templates/template.rb ext/rbs_extension/class_constants.c"
+
+  sh "#{ruby} templates/template.rb include/rbs/ast.h"
+  sh "#{ruby} templates/template.rb src/ast.c"
+
+  sh "#{ruby} templates/template.rb include/rbs/serialize.h"
+  sh "#{ruby} templates/template.rb src/serialize.c"
+  sh "#{ruby} templates/template.rb lib/rbs/wasm/serialization_schema.rb"
+
+  # Format the generated files
+  Rake::Task["format:c"].invoke
+end
+
+task :compile => "ext/rbs_extension/class_constants.h"
+task :compile => "ext/rbs_extension/class_constants.c"
+task :compile => "src/lexer.c"
+
+task :test_doc do
+  files = Dir.chdir(File.expand_path('..', __FILE__)) do
+    `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").select do |file| Pathname(file).extname == ".md" end
+  end
+
+  sh "#{ruby} #{__dir__}/bin/run_in_md.rb #{files.join(" ")}"
+end
+
+task :validate => :compile do
+  require 'yaml'
+
+  sh "#{ruby} #{rbs} validate"
+
+  libs = FileList["stdlib/*"].map {|path| File.basename(path).to_s }
+
+  # Skip RBS validation because Ruby CI runs without rubygems
+  case skip_rbs_validation = ENV["SKIP_RBS_VALIDATION"]
+  when nil
+    begin
+      Gem::Specification.find_by_name("rbs")
+      libs << "rbs"
+    rescue Gem::MissingSpecError
+      STDERR.puts "🚨🚨🚨🚨 Skipping `rbs` gem because it's not found"
+    end
+  when "true"
+    # Skip
+  else
+    STDERR.puts "🚨🚨🚨🚨 SKIP_RBS_VALIDATION is expected to be `true` or unset, given `#{skip_rbs_validation}` 🚨🚨🚨🚨"
+    libs << "rbs"
+  end
+
+  libs.delete("bigdecimal-math") or raise
+  libs.delete("bigdecimal") or raise
+
+  libs.each do |lib|
+    args = ["-r", lib]
+
+    if lib == "rbs"
+      args << "-r" << "prism"
+      args << "-r" << "logger"
+    end
+
+    sh "#{ruby} #{rbs} #{args.join(' ')} validate"
+  end
+end
+
+FileList["test/stdlib/**/*_test.rb"].each do |test|
+  task test => :compile do
+    sh "#{ruby} -Ilib #{bin}/test_runner.rb #{test}"
+  end
+end
+
+task :stdlib_test => :compile do
+  test_files = FileList["test/stdlib/**/*_test.rb"].reject do |path|
+    path =~ %r{Ractor} || path =~ %r{Encoding} || path =~ %r{CGI-escape_test}
+  end
+
+  if ENV["RANDOMIZE_STDLIB_TEST_ORDER"] == "true"
+    test_files.shuffle!
+  end
+
+  sh "#{ruby} -Ilib #{bin}/test_runner.rb #{test_files.join(' ')}"
+  # TODO: Ractor tests need to be run in a separate process
+  sh "#{ruby} -Ilib #{bin}/test_runner.rb test/stdlib/CGI-escape_test.rb"
+  sh "#{ruby} -Ilib #{bin}/test_runner.rb test/stdlib/Ractor_test.rb"
+  sh "#{ruby} -Ilib #{bin}/test_runner.rb test/stdlib/Encoding_test.rb"
+end
+
+task :typecheck_test => :compile do
+  FileList["test/typecheck/*"].each do |test|
+    Dir.chdir(test) do
+      expectations = File.join(test, "steep_expectations.yml")
+      if File.exist?(expectations)
+        sh "steep check --with_expectations"
+      else
+        sh "steep check"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+task :raap => :compile do
+  sh "ruby test/raap/core.rb"
+  sh "ruby test/raap/digest.rb"
+  sh "ruby test/raap/openssl.rb"
+end
+
+task :rubocop do
+  format = if ENV["CI"]
+    "github"
+  else
+    "progress"
+  end
+
+  sh "rubocop --parallel --format #{format}"
+end
+
+namespace :generate do
+  desc "Generate a test file for a stdlib class signatures"
+  task :stdlib_test, [:class] do |_task, args|
+    klass = args.fetch(:class) do
+      raise "Class name is necessary. e.g. rake 'generate:stdlib_test[String]'"
+    end
+
+    require "erb"
+    require "rbs"
+
+    class TestTarget
+      def initialize(klass)
+        @type_name = RBS::Namespace.parse(klass).to_type_name
+      end
+
+      def path
+        Pathname(ENV['RBS_GENERATE_TEST_PATH'] || "test/stdlib/#{file_name}_test.rb")
+      end
+
+      def file_name
+        @type_name.to_s.gsub(/\A::/, '').gsub(/::/, '_')
+      end
+
+      def to_s
+        @type_name.to_s
+      end
+
+      def absolute_type_name
+        @absolute_type_name ||= @type_name.absolute!
+      end
+    end
+
+    target = TestTarget.new(klass)
+    path = target.path
+    raise "#{path} already exists!" if path.exist?
+
+    class TestTemplateBuilder
+      attr_reader :target, :env
+
+      def initialize(target, paths:)
+        @target = target
+
+        loader = RBS::EnvironmentLoader.new
+        paths.each { loader.add(path: Pathname(_1)) }
+        @env = RBS::Environment.from_loader(loader).resolve_type_names
+      end
+
+      def call
+        ERB.new(<<~ERB, trim_mode: "-").result(binding)
+          require_relative "test_helper"
+
+          <%- unless class_methods.empty? -%>
+          class <%= target %>SingletonTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+            include TestHelper
+
+            # library "logger", "securerandom"     # Declare library signatures to load
+            testing "singleton(::<%= target %>)"
+
+          <%- class_methods.each do |method_name, definition| -%>
+            def test_<%= test_name_for(method_name) %>
+          <%- definition.method_types.each do |method_type| -%>
+              assert_send_type "<%= method_type %>",
+                               <%= target %>, :<%= method_name %>
+          <%- end -%>
+            end
+
+          <%- end -%>
+          end
+          <%- end -%>
+
+          <%- unless instance_methods.empty? -%>
+          class <%= target %>Test < Test::Unit::TestCase
+            include TestHelper
+
+            # library "logger", "securerandom"     # Declare library signatures to load
+            testing "::<%= target %>"
+
+          <%- instance_methods.each do |method_name, definition| -%>
+            def test_<%= test_name_for(method_name) %>
+          <%- definition.method_types.each do |method_type| -%>
+              assert_send_type "<%= method_type %>",
+                               <%= target %>.new, :<%= method_name %>
+          <%- end -%>
+            end
+
+          <%- end -%>
+          end
+          <%- end -%>
+        ERB
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def test_name_for(method_name)
+        {
+          :==  => 'double_equal',
+          :!=  => 'not_equal',
+          :=== => 'triple_equal',
+          :[]  => 'square_bracket',
+          :[]= => 'square_bracket_assign',
+          :>   => 'greater_than',
+          :<   => 'less_than',
+          :>=  => 'greater_than_equal_to',
+          :<=  => 'less_than_equal_to',
+          :<=> => 'spaceship',
+          :+   => 'plus',
+          :-   => 'minus',
+          :*   => 'multiply',
+          :/   => 'divide',
+          :**  => 'power',
+          :%   => 'modulus',
+          :&   => 'and',
+          :|   => 'or',
+          :^   => 'xor',
+          :>>  => 'right_shift',
+          :<<  => 'left_shift',
+          :=~  => 'pattern_match',
+          :!~  => 'does_not_match',
+          :~   => 'tilde'
+        }.fetch(method_name, method_name)
+      end
+
+      def class_methods
+        @class_methods ||= RBS::DefinitionBuilder.new(env: env).build_singleton(target.absolute_type_name).methods.select {|_, definition|
+          definition.implemented_in == target.absolute_type_name
+        }
+      end
+
+      def instance_methods
+        @instance_methods ||= RBS::DefinitionBuilder.new(env: env).build_instance(target.absolute_type_name).methods.select {|_, definition|
+          definition.implemented_in == target.absolute_type_name
+        }
+      end
+    end
+
+    path.write TestTemplateBuilder.new(target, paths: args.extras).call
+
+    puts "Created: #{path}"
+  end
+end
+
+task :test_generate_stdlib do
+  sh "RBS_GENERATE_TEST_PATH=/tmp/Array_test.rb rake 'generate:stdlib_test[Array]'"
+  sh "ruby -c /tmp/Array_test.rb"
+  sh "RBS_GENERATE_TEST_PATH=/tmp/Thread_Mutex_test.rb rake 'generate:stdlib_test[Thread::Mutex]'"
+  sh "ruby -c /tmp/Thread_Mutex_test.rb"
+  sh "RBS_GENERATE_TEST_PATH=/tmp/Kconv_test.rb rake 'generate:stdlib_test[Kconv,stdlib/nkf/0,stdlib/kconv/0]'"
+  sh "ruby -c /tmp/Kconv_test.rb"
+end
+
+# Pull requests with one of these labels are omitted from the changelog.
+CHANGELOG_SKIP_LABELS = ["skip-changelog"]
+
+# Resolves the commit-ish the changelog starts from.
+#
+# `version` is a version number, a tag, or any commit-ish. When it is omitted, the latest tag
+# matching `tag_glob` is used, skipping the ones matching `exclude_globs`.
+#
+def resolve_changelog_base(version, tag_glob:, exclude_globs: [])
+  require "open3"
+
+  from =
+    if version
+      # `4.1.0` and `v4.1.0` both mean the tag `v4.1.0`, while `master` or a SHA is used as is.
+      version.match?(/\A\d/) ? "v#{version}" : version
+    else
+      command = ["git", "describe", "--tags", "--match", tag_glob, "--abbrev=0"]
+      exclude_globs.each { |glob| command.push("--exclude", glob) }
+
+      output, status = Open3.capture2(*command)
+      raise "🚨 Cannot detect the latest tag matching `#{tag_glob}`. Give the previous version explicitly." unless status.success?
+      output.chomp
+    end
+
+  _, status = Open3.capture2("git", "rev-parse", "--verify", "--quiet", "#{from}^{commit}")
+  raise "🚨 No such commit-ish: `#{from}`" unless status.success?
+
+  from
+end
+
+# Runs a GraphQL query against the repository of the working directory.
+#
+# `body` is the selection set inside `repository`, so a query can use the `$owner` and `$name`
+# variables. Returns the contents of `data.repository`.
+#
+def changelog_graphql(body)
+  require "open3"
+  require "json"
+
+  @changelog_repository ||=
+    begin
+      output, status = Open3.capture2("gh", "repo", "view", "--json", "nameWithOwner", "--jq", ".nameWithOwner")
+      raise status.inspect unless status.success?
+      output.chomp.split("/", 2)
+    end
+  owner, name = @changelog_repository
+
+  query = <<~GRAPHQL
+    query($owner: String!, $name: String!) {
+      repository(owner: $owner, name: $name) {
+        #{body}
+      }
+    }
+  GRAPHQL
+
+  output, status = Open3.capture2(
+    "gh", "api", "graphql",
+    "-f", "query=#{query}",
+    "-f", "owner=#{owner}",
+    "-f", "name=#{name}",
+    binmode: true
+  )
+  raise status.inspect unless status.success?
+
+  # GitHub always answers in UTF-8, while the default external encoding follows the locale. Without
+  # this, a pull request body with an emoji fails to parse under `LANG=C`, as in GitHub Actions.
+  JSON.parse(output.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8), symbolize_names: true).dig(:data, :repository)
+end
+
+# Lists the commits between `from` and `HEAD`, newest first.
+#
+# Giving `paths` limits the commits to the ones touching the paths.
+#
+def changelog_commits(from, paths: [])
+  require "open3"
+
+  command = ["git", "log", "--format=%H", "#{from}..HEAD"]
+  # `--simplify-merges` keeps the default history simplification from following only one parent of
+  # a merge commit, which can drop the other side. Note that `--full-history` alone is wrong here:
+  # it also lists merge commits that do not touch the paths, bringing back the excluded pull
+  # requests. The two flags produce the same commits as the default mode for this repository today.
+  command.push("--full-history", "--simplify-merges", "--", *paths) unless paths.empty?
+
+  output, status = Open3.capture2(*command)
+  raise status.inspect unless status.success?
+
+  output.lines.map(&:chomp).reject(&:empty?)
+end
+
+# What `git cherry-pick -x` appends to the message of the commit it creates.
+CHERRY_PICK_ORIGIN = /^\(cherry picked from commit ([0-9a-f]{40})\)$/
+
+# Maps the commits that record where they were cherry-picked from to that commit.
+#
+# A backport is a cherry-pick, so on a release branch it is the recorded origin, not the commit
+# itself, that leads to the pull request the change was written and reviewed in. Without this a
+# backported change is attributed to the pull request that carried the backport, which says
+# nothing about the change and is the same for every commit it brought over.
+#
+# A commit backported twice -- the development line, then a release branch -- carries one line
+# per hop, appended in order, so the first one is where the change started.
+#
+def changelog_origins(commits)
+  return {} if commits.empty?
+
+  require "open3"
+
+  # `--no-walk` prints these commits and nothing else. NUL delimiters keep a commit message --
+  # which can contain anything, including what this format looks like -- from being read as the
+  # format itself.
+  output, status = Open3.capture2("git", "log", "--no-walk", "--format=%H%x00%B%x00", *commits, binmode: true)
+  raise status.inspect unless status.success?
+
+  # Commit messages are UTF-8, while the default external encoding follows the locale. Without
+  # this, splitting a message that is not ASCII fails under `LANG=C`, as in GitHub Actions.
+  output.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
+
+  output.split("\0").each_slice(2).each_with_object({}) do |(commit, message), origins|
+    commit = commit.to_s.strip
+    next if commit.empty?
+
+    origin = message.to_s[CHERRY_PICK_ORIGIN, 1] or next
+    origins[commit] = origin
+  end
+end
+
+# Asks GitHub which pull requests each commit came from, so that any merge strategy -- merge
+# commit, squash, or rebase -- is handled without parsing commit messages.
+#
+# Returns `{ oid => [pull request, ...] }`, with an empty array for the commits GitHub has no
+# merged pull request for, including the ones it does not know at all.
+#
+def changelog_associated_pull_requests(oids)
+  oids.uniq.each_slice(50).each_with_object({}) do |slice, found|
+    aliases = slice.map.with_index do |oid, index|
+      <<~GRAPHQL
+        c#{index}: object(oid: "#{oid}") {
+          ... on Commit {
+            associatedPullRequests(first: 10) {
+              nodes {
+                number title url merged
+                labels(first: 100) { nodes { name } }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      GRAPHQL
+    end
+
+    response = changelog_graphql(aliases.join("\n"))
+
+    slice.each_with_index do |oid, index|
+      nodes = response.dig(:"c#{index}", :associatedPullRequests, :nodes) || []
+
+      found[oid] = nodes.select { |pr| pr[:merged] }.map do |pr|
+        { number: pr[:number], title: pr[:title], url: pr[:url], labels: pr.dig(:labels, :nodes).map { |label| label[:name] } }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# Finds the pull requests the commits came from, keeping the order of `commits`.
+#
+# Returns the pull requests for the changelog and the ones omitted by `skip_labels`.
+#
+def changelog_pull_requests(commits, skip_labels: CHANGELOG_SKIP_LABELS)
+  origins = changelog_origins(commits)
+
+  # Both ends of each commit, in one query: the origin a cherry-pick records, which is where the
+  # change was written and reviewed, and the commit as it sits in this history, whose pull request
+  # is the backport that brought it here. On the development line there are no origins and the
+  # second end is the only one.
+  found = changelog_associated_pull_requests(commits + origins.values)
+
+  pull_requests = {}
+  skipped = {}
+
+  commits.each do |commit|
+    carriers = found.fetch(commit, [])
+    prs = origins[commit] ? found.fetch(origins[commit], []) : []
+
+    # An origin that leads nowhere -- a commit cherry-picked from a fork, or one that went to the
+    # default branch without a pull request -- falls back to the commit in this history, which is
+    # at least the backport that brought it here. It is the entry itself then, not an annotation.
+    backports = prs.empty? ? [] : carriers
+    prs = carriers if prs.empty?
+
+    prs.each do |pr|
+      bucket = (pr[:labels] & skip_labels).empty? ? pull_requests : skipped
+      entry = (bucket[pr[:number]] ||= pr.merge(backports: []))
+      entry[:backports] |= backports.map { |backport| backport.slice(:number, :url) }
+    end
+  end
+
+  # A backport is how a change reached this line, not a change of its own, so it belongs in the
+  # entries it carried rather than beside them. It can still arrive as one: the merge commit of the
+  # backport is in the history too, and carries no `-x` trailer to resolve, so it looks like an
+  # ordinary commit of its own pull request. Drop the ones that annotate something.
+  carried = (pull_requests.each_value.to_a + skipped.each_value.to_a).flat_map { |pr| pr[:backports] }
+  carried = carried.map { |backport| backport[:number] }.uniq
+  carried.each { |number| pull_requests.delete(number) }
+
+  [pull_requests.values, skipped.values]
+end
+
+# Fetches the details that help classifying the pull requests: the changed files and the body.
+#
+def changelog_pull_request_details(pull_requests)
+  pull_requests.each_slice(50).flat_map do |slice|
+    aliases = slice.map do |pr|
+      <<~GRAPHQL
+        p#{pr[:number]}: pullRequest(number: #{pr[:number]}) {
+          body
+          author { login }
+          files(first: 100) {
+            nodes { path }
+            pageInfo { hasNextPage }
+          }
+        }
+      GRAPHQL
+    end
+
+    details = changelog_graphql(aliases.join("\n"))
+
+    slice.map do |pr|
+      detail = details[:"p#{pr[:number]}"] or next pr
+
+      pr.merge(
+        author: detail.dig(:author, :login),
+        # The body is a hint for writing the changelog, not a copy source. Keep it short.
+        body: detail[:body].to_s.strip.slice(0, 1000),
+        files: detail.dig(:files, :nodes).map { |file| file[:path] },
+        files_truncated: detail.dig(:files, :pageInfo, :hasNextPage)
+      )
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# Reports the pull requests omitted by their label, so that they do not disappear silently.
+#
+def warn_skipped_pull_requests(skipped, skip_labels)
+  return if skipped.empty?
+
+  numbers = skipped.map { |pr| "##{pr[:number]}" }
+  numbers = numbers.take(20).push("and #{numbers.size - 20} more") if numbers.size > 20
+
+  $stderr.puts
+  $stderr.puts "  (⏭️  Skipped #{skipped.size} pull request(s) labeled #{skip_labels.map { |label| "`#{label}`" }.join(" or ")}: #{numbers.join(", ")})"
+end
+
+# The links of one changelog entry: the pull request the change was written in, and on a release
+# branch the backport that carried it onto the line.
+#
+# The second link is what keeps a backported entry from reading as a mistake. Its first link is a
+# pull request against the development line, so the same link is listed again when that line ships,
+# and nothing else tells the two occurrences apart.
+#
+def changelog_links(pr)
+  links = ["[##{pr[:number]}](#{pr[:url]})"]
+  links.concat(pr[:backports].to_a.map { |backport| "Backported in [##{backport[:number]}](#{backport[:url]})" })
+  links.join(", ")
+end
+
+# Prints the changelog template listing the pull requests merged between `from` and `HEAD`.
+#
+# The changelog goes to STDOUT and everything else goes to STDERR, so that the output can be
+# piped to another command: `rake gem:changelog | pbcopy`
+#
+def print_changelog(from, paths: [], skip_labels: CHANGELOG_SKIP_LABELS)
+  $stderr.puts "🔍 Finding pull requests merged between `#{from}` and `HEAD`..."
+
+  commits = changelog_commits(from, paths: paths)
+  if commits.empty?
+    $stderr.puts "  (🤔 There is no commit after `#{from}`.)"
+    return
+  end
+
+  pull_requests, skipped = changelog_pull_requests(commits, skip_labels: skip_labels)
+
+  if pull_requests.empty?
+    $stderr.puts "  (🤔 No pull request is associated to the commits after `#{from}`.)"
+  else
+    $stderr.puts
+    pull_requests.each do |pr|
+      puts "* #{pr[:title]} (#{changelog_links(pr)})"
+    end
+    $stdout.flush
+  end
+
+  warn_skipped_pull_requests(skipped, skip_labels)
+end
+
+# Prints the same pull requests as `print_changelog` as JSON, with the details that help
+# classifying them into the sections of CHANGELOG.md.
+#
+# This is the input for the release automation, so it always prints a valid JSON document.
+#
+def print_changelog_json(from, paths: [], skip_labels: CHANGELOG_SKIP_LABELS)
+  require "json"
+
+  $stderr.puts "🔍 Finding pull requests merged between `#{from}` and `HEAD`..."
+
+  commits = changelog_commits(from, paths: paths)
+  pull_requests, skipped = changelog_pull_requests(commits, skip_labels: skip_labels)
+  pull_requests = changelog_pull_request_details(pull_requests)
+
+  $stderr.puts "  (📋 #{pull_requests.size} pull request(s))"
+
+  puts JSON.pretty_generate(
+    {
+      from: from,
+      to: "HEAD",
+      pull_requests: pull_requests,
+      skipped: skipped
+    }
+  )
+  $stdout.flush
+
+  warn_skipped_pull_requests(skipped, skip_labels)
+end
+
+namespace :gem do
+  # The gem is developed in the whole repository except the Rust crate, which has its own release
+  # cycle. Note that this is an *exclusion*, not a list of the directories shipped in the gem:
+  # changes in `test/` or `.github/` are part of the gem's changelog too.
+  # A constant defined in a `namespace` block is a top-level constant, so it needs the prefix.
+  GEM_CHANGELOG_PATHS = [".", ":(exclude)rust"]
+
+  # The tags a release proper starts *after*, rather than at.
+  GEM_PRERELEASE_TAGS = ["v*.pre*", "v*.dev*"]
+
+  # Where the changelog of the release being prepared starts, derived from `RBS::VERSION`:
+  #
+  # * `X.Y.Z.pre.N` documents what changed since `X.Y.Z.pre.N-1`, so it starts from the latest tag.
+  # * `X.Y.Z` documents the whole cycle, the prereleases included, so it skips the prerelease tags
+  #   in between and starts from the previous release proper.
+  #
+  # This is the step that is easy to get wrong by hand: on a release proper the latest tag is a
+  # prerelease, so the obvious default would produce only the tail of the cycle. Passing a version
+  # explicitly overrides all of it.
+  #
+  def changelog_base(version)
+    excluded = Gem::Version.new(RBS::VERSION).prerelease? ? [] : GEM_PRERELEASE_TAGS
+    resolve_changelog_base(version, tag_glob: "v*", exclude_globs: excluded)
+  end
+
+  desc "Generate changelog template from GH pull requests merged since the previous release"
+  task :changelog, [:version] do |_task, args|
+    print_changelog(changelog_base(args[:version]), paths: GEM_CHANGELOG_PATHS)
+  end
+
+  namespace :changelog do
+    desc "Print the pull requests of `gem:changelog` as JSON, with the changed files and body of each"
+    task :json, [:version] do |_task, args|
+      print_changelog_json(changelog_base(args[:version]), paths: GEM_CHANGELOG_PATHS)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # There are three kinds of release: `X.Y.Z`, `X.Y.Z.pre.N`, and `X.Y.Z.dev.N`. The
+  # `.dev.N` ones are cut from the development line for people who need a specific
+  # change early; they are not written up in the changelog, so there are no notes to
+  # publish and nothing worth announcing.
+  def dev_release?(version)
+    Gem::Version.new(version).segments.include?("dev")
+  end
+
+  # The body of the topmost section of CHANGELOG.md, which is the release being
+  # prepared, minus its own heading.
+  #
+  # The encoding is explicit because the default external encoding follows the
+  # locale, and the changelog is not ASCII.
+  #
+  def changelog_section(version)
+    content = File.read(File.join(__dir__, "CHANGELOG.md"), encoding: Encoding::UTF_8)
+    section = content.scan(/^## \d.*?(?=^## \d)/m)[0] or raise "🚨 Cannot find a release section in CHANGELOG.md"
+    heading, _, body = section.partition("\n")
+    heading.include?(version) or raise "🚨 CHANGELOG.md starts with `#{heading.strip}`, which is not #{version}"
+    body.strip
+  end
+
+  desc "Check that the working tree is ready to be released as the given version"
+  task :check_release, [:version] do |_task, args|
+    version = args[:version] or raise "🚨 Pass the version being released: `rake 'gem:check_release[4.1.2]'`"
+    Gem::Version.correct?(version) or raise "🚨 `#{version}` is not a version number."
+
+    # The version being released and the version the commit declares are stated
+    # separately -- one by whoever starts the release, one by the commit itself --
+    # so that releasing the wrong commit, or releasing the right one under the wrong
+    # name, fails here rather than on RubyGems.
+    version == RBS::VERSION or
+      raise "🚨 Releasing #{version}, but this commit declares `RBS::VERSION = #{RBS::VERSION.inspect}`."
+
+    if dev_release?(version)
+      puts "✅ #{version} is the version of this commit. It is a dev release, so CHANGELOG.md is not checked."
+    else
+      changelog_section(version)
+      puts "✅ #{version} is the version of this commit, and CHANGELOG.md documents it."
+    end
+  end
+
+  desc "Create and push the `vX.Y.Z` tag for RBS::VERSION"
+  task :tag do
+    tag = "v#{RBS::VERSION}"
+
+    # Annotated, so that the tag carries its own author and date rather than
+    # borrowing the tagged commit's.
+    sh "git", "tag", "--annotate", "--message", "RBS #{RBS::VERSION}", tag
+    sh "git", "push", "origin", tag
+
+    puts "🏷️  Pushed #{tag}."
+  end
+
+  desc "Publish the GitHub release for RBS::VERSION, unless it is a `.dev.` version"
+  task :gh_release do
+    require "open3"
+
+    version = Gem::Version.new(RBS::VERSION)
+    major, minor, *_ = RBS::VERSION.split(".")
+    tag = "v#{RBS::VERSION}"
+
+    if dev_release?(RBS::VERSION)
+      puts "⏭️  #{RBS::VERSION} is a dev release, so there is no GitHub release to publish."
+      next
+    end
+
+    # The release is created against an existing tag, so that the artifacts and the
+    # notes describe a commit that is already immutable.
+    _, status = Open3.capture2("git", "rev-parse", "--verify", "--quiet", "#{tag}^{commit}")
+    raise "🚨 No such tag: `#{tag}`. Tag the release before creating the GitHub release." unless status.success?
+
+    notes = <<~NOTES
+      [Release note](https://github.com/ruby/rbs/wiki/Release-Note-#{major}.#{minor})
+
+      #{changelog_section(RBS::VERSION)}
+    NOTES
+
+    # Published rather than drafted: the notes are the changelog section that was
+    # already reviewed in the release pull request, so there is nothing left to edit.
+    command = [
+      "gh", "release", "create", tag,
+      "--title=#{RBS::VERSION}",
+      "--notes=#{notes}"
+    ]
+    command << "--prerelease" if version.prerelease?
+
+    output, status = Open3.capture2(*command)
+    raise "🚨 `gh release create` failed: #{status.inspect}" unless status.success?
+
+    puts "📝 Released #{tag}: #{output.chomp}"
+  end
+end
+
+desc "Compile extension without C23 extensions"
+task :compile_c99 do
+  ENV["TEST_NO_C23"] = "true"
+  Rake::Task[:"compile"].invoke
+ensure
+  ENV.delete("TEST_NO_C23")
+end
+
+task :prepare_bench do
+  ENV.delete("DEBUG")
+  Rake::Task[:"clobber"].invoke
+  Rake::Task[:"templates"].invoke
+  Rake::Task[:"compile"].invoke
+end
+
+task :prepare_profiling do
+  ENV["DEBUG"] = "1"
+  Rake::Task[:"clobber"].invoke
+  Rake::Task[:"templates"].invoke
+  Rake::Task[:"compile"].invoke
+end
+
+namespace :wasm do
+  WASM_DIR = File.expand_path("wasm", __dir__)
+  WASM_OUTPUT = File.join(WASM_DIR, "rbs_parser.wasm")
+
+  # The parser under src/ is plain, self-contained C with no dependency on the
+  # Ruby C API, so it can be compiled to WebAssembly as-is. The only extra
+  # translation unit is the entry-point shim under wasm/.
+  def wasm_source_files
+    Dir.glob(File.join(__dir__, "src/**/*.c")).sort + [File.join(WASM_DIR, "rbs_wasm.c")]
+  end
+
+  # Locate the clang shipped with the WASI SDK.
+  #
+  # The system clang can target wasm32, but the WASI SDK additionally provides
+  # the wasi-libc sysroot and the wasm32 compiler-rt builtins that the link
+  # step needs, so we require it explicitly.
+  def wasi_clang
+    sdk = ENV["WASI_SDK_PATH"]
+    if sdk.nil? || sdk.empty?
+      raise <<~MSG
+        WASI_SDK_PATH is not set.
+
+        Install the WASI SDK from https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases
+        and point WASI_SDK_PATH at the extracted directory, for example:
+
+            export WASI_SDK_PATH=/opt/wasi-sdk
+            rake wasm:build
+      MSG
+    end
+
+    clang = File.join(sdk, "bin", "clang")
+    raise "clang not found at #{clang} (is WASI_SDK_PATH correct?)" unless File.executable?(clang)
+
+    clang
+  end
+
+  desc "Build the RBS parser as a WebAssembly module (requires WASI_SDK_PATH)"
+  task :build do
+    # `-DNDEBUG` compiles out `RBS_ASSERT`, the same way ext/rbs_extension does
+    # for the MRI extension. The assertions sit in the lexer and the constant
+    # pool, so keeping them costs about 20% of parse time; set `DEBUG=1` to keep
+    # them when debugging the module itself.
+    debug_flags = ENV["DEBUG"] ? [] : ["-DNDEBUG"]
+
+    mkdir_p WASM_DIR
+    sh wasi_clang,
+       "--target=wasm32-wasip1",
+       # No `main`; the host calls `_initialize` and then the exported functions.
+       "-mexec-model=reactor",
+       "-std=gnu11",
+       "-O2",
+       *debug_flags,
+       "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+       "-I#{File.join(__dir__, "include")}",
+       "-o", WASM_OUTPUT,
+       *wasm_source_files
+    puts "Built #{WASM_OUTPUT}"
+  end
+
+  desc "Build and smoke-test the WebAssembly module (requires wasmtime)"
+  task :check => :build do
+    wasmtime = ENV["WASMTIME"] || "wasmtime"
+
+    # `rbs_wasm_selftest` parses a small fixed signature and returns 1 on
+    # success. `--invoke` prints the return value to stdout.
+    output = IO.popen([wasmtime, "run", "--invoke", "rbs_wasm_selftest", WASM_OUTPUT], err: File::NULL, &:read).to_s.strip
+
+    if output == "1"
+      puts "WebAssembly selftest passed."
+    else
+      raise "WebAssembly selftest failed: rbs_wasm_selftest returned #{output.inspect} (expected \"1\")"
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Where the runtime looks for the module by default (see RBS::WASM::Runtime).
+  JRUBY_WASM_DIR = File.expand_path("lib/rbs/wasm", __dir__)
+
+  desc "Download the Chicory/ASM jars into the local Maven repository (~/.m2). Run on JRuby."
+  task :install_jars do
+    # Resolves the `jar` requirements from rbs.gemspec via Maven and downloads
+    # them (and their transitive deps) into ~/.m2, the same way `gem install`
+    # does; the jars are not copied into the gem. The platform is forced to java
+    # because Jars::Installer skips non-java gems, and write_require_file is false
+    # because lib/rbs_jars.rb is hand-maintained (the generator mangles the
+    # `com.dylibso.chicory:runtime` artifact id).
+    require "jars/installer"
+    spec = Gem::Specification.load("rbs.gemspec")
+    spec.platform = "java"
+    Jars::Installer.new(spec).install_jars(write_require_file: false)
+  end
+
+  desc "Build rbs_parser.wasm and copy it next to RBS::WASM::Runtime"
+  task :jruby_setup => [:build] do
+    cp WASM_OUTPUT, File.join(JRUBY_WASM_DIR, "rbs_parser.wasm")
+    puts "rbs_parser.wasm is ready under #{JRUBY_WASM_DIR}"
+  end
+end
+
+namespace :rust do
+  namespace :rbs do
+    RUST_DIR = File.expand_path("rust", __dir__)
+    RBS_VERSION_FILE = File.join(RUST_DIR, "rbs_version")
+
+    VENDOR_TARGETS = {
+      "ruby-rbs-sys" => %w[include src],
+      "ruby-rbs" => %w[config.yml],
+    }
+
+    desc "Sync vendored RBS source from the pinned version"
+    task :sync do
+      unless File.exist?(RBS_VERSION_FILE)
+        raise "#{RBS_VERSION_FILE} not found. Run `rake rust:rbs:pin[VERSION]` first."
+      end
+
+      version = File.read(RBS_VERSION_FILE).strip
+      raise "#{RBS_VERSION_FILE} is empty" if version.empty?
+
+      puts "Syncing vendor/rbs/ from #{version}..."
+
+      VENDOR_TARGETS.each do |crate, entries|
+        vendor_dir = File.join(RUST_DIR, crate, "vendor", "rbs")
+
+        puts "  Copying files for #{crate}:"
+        chmod_R "u+w", vendor_dir, verbose: false if File.exist?(vendor_dir)
+        rm_rf vendor_dir, verbose: false
+        mkdir_p vendor_dir, verbose: false
+
+        entries.each do |entry|
+          target = File.join(vendor_dir, entry)
+
+          # Extract the entry from the pinned git tag using git archive
+          IO.popen(["git", "archive", "--format=tar", version, "--", entry], "rb") do |tar|
+            IO.popen(["tar", "xf", "-", "-C", vendor_dir], "wb") do |extract|
+              IO.copy_stream(tar, extract)
+            end
+          end
+
+          raise "Failed to extract #{entry} from #{version}" unless File.exist?(target)
+          puts "    #{entry}"
+        end
+
+        # Make files read-only to prevent accidental edits
+        chmod_R "a-w", vendor_dir, verbose: false
+      end
+
+      puts "📦 Synced vendor/rbs/ from #{version} (read-only)"
+    end
+
+    desc "Pin a specific RBS version for Rust crates (e.g., rake rust:rbs:pin[v4.0.3])"
+    task :pin, [:version] do |_t, args|
+      version = args[:version] or raise "Usage: rake rust:rbs:pin[VERSION]"
+
+      # Verify the tag exists
+      unless system("git", "rev-parse", "--verify", "#{version}^{commit}", out: File::NULL, err: File::NULL)
+        raise "Tag #{version} not found"
+      end
+
+      File.write(RBS_VERSION_FILE, "#{version}\n")
+      puts "📌 Pinned RBS version to #{version}"
+
+      Rake::Task["rust:rbs:sync"].invoke
+    end
+
+    desc "Create symlinks from vendor/rbs/ to the repository root (for development/CI)"
+    task :symlink do
+      VENDOR_TARGETS.each do |crate, entries|
+        vendor_dir = File.join(RUST_DIR, crate, "vendor", "rbs")
+
+        puts "Setting up symlinks for #{crate}..."
+        entries.each do |entry|
+          puts "  #{entry} -> repository root"
+        end
+
+        chmod_R "u+w", vendor_dir, verbose: false if File.exist?(vendor_dir)
+        rm_rf vendor_dir, verbose: false
+        mkdir_p vendor_dir, verbose: false
+
+        entries.each do |entry|
+          ln_s File.join("..", "..", "..", "..", entry), File.join(vendor_dir, entry), verbose: false
+        end
+      end
+
+      puts "🔗 Symlinked vendor/rbs/ to repository root"
+    end
+  end
+
+  namespace :publish do
+    def self.prepare_publish_branch(crate_name)
+      dry_run = ENV["RBS_RUST_PUBLISH_DRY_RUN"]
+
+      version_file = File.join(RUST_DIR, "rbs_version")
+
+      unless File.exist?(version_file)
+        raise "#{version_file} not found. Run `rake rust:rbs:pin[VERSION]` first."
+      end
+
+      rbs_version = File.read(version_file).strip
+      raise "#{version_file} is empty" if rbs_version.empty?
+
+      crate_version = File.read(File.join(RUST_DIR, crate_name, "Cargo.toml"))[/^version\s*=\s*"(.+)"/, 1]
+      release_branch = "rust/release-#{crate_name}-#{Time.now.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S')}"
+
+      puts "=" * 60
+      puts "Rust crate publish: #{crate_name}#{dry_run ? " (DRY RUN)" : ""}"
+      puts "=" * 60
+      puts "  RBS source version:  #{rbs_version}"
+      puts "  #{crate_name}:        #{crate_version} (tag: #{crate_name}-v#{crate_version})"
+      puts "  Release branch:      #{release_branch}"
+      puts "=" * 60
+
+      # Check that vendor dirs contain real files, not symlinks
+      entries = VENDOR_TARGETS.fetch(crate_name)
+      entries.each do |entry|
+        path = File.join(RUST_DIR, crate_name, "vendor", "rbs", entry)
+        if File.symlink?(path)
+          raise "#{path} is a symlink. Run `rake rust:rbs:sync` first."
+        end
+        unless File.exist?(path)
+          raise "#{path} does not exist. Run `rake rust:rbs:sync` first."
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Ensure working tree is clean before publishing
+      unless `git status --porcelain`.strip.empty?
+        raise "💢 Working tree is dirty. Please commit or stash your changes before publishing."
+      end
+
+      # Create a release branch with vendor files committed
+      original_branch = `git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD`.strip
+
+      sh "git", "checkout", "-b", release_branch, verbose: false
+      vendor_path = File.join("rust", crate_name, "vendor", "rbs")
+      sh "git", "add", "-f", vendor_path, verbose: false
+      sh "git", "commit", "-m", "Publish #{crate_name} (RBS #{rbs_version})", verbose: false
+
+      [dry_run, crate_version, original_branch]
+    end
+
+    desc "Publish ruby-rbs-sys crate to crates.io (set RBS_RUST_PUBLISH_DRY_RUN=1 for dry-run only)"
+    task :"ruby-rbs-sys" do
+      crate_name = "ruby-rbs-sys"
+      dry_run, crate_version, original_branch = prepare_publish_branch(crate_name)
+
+      begin
+        puts "🔰 Dry-run publishing..."
+
+        Dir.chdir(File.join(RUST_DIR, crate_name)) do
+          sh "cargo", "publish", "--dry-run"
+        end
+
+        puts "✅ Dry-run succeeded!"
+
+        unless dry_run
+          puts "💪 Publishing #{crate_name} for real..."
+
+          Dir.chdir(File.join(RUST_DIR, crate_name)) do
+            sh "cargo", "publish"
+          end
+
+          sh "git", "tag", "#{crate_name}-v#{crate_version}"
+          sh "git", "push", "origin", "#{crate_name}-v#{crate_version}"
+
+          puts "🎉 Published #{crate_name} successfully!"
+        end
+      ensure
+        sh "git", "checkout", original_branch, verbose: false
+      end
+    end
+
+    desc "Publish ruby-rbs crate to crates.io (set RBS_RUST_PUBLISH_DRY_RUN=1 for dry-run only)"
+    task :"ruby-rbs" do
+      crate_name = "ruby-rbs"
+      dry_run, crate_version, original_branch = prepare_publish_branch(crate_name)
+
+      begin
+        puts "🔰 Dry-run publishing..."
+
+        Dir.chdir(File.join(RUST_DIR, crate_name)) do
+          sh "cargo", "publish", "--dry-run", "--no-verify"
+        end
+
+        puts "✅ Dry-run succeeded!"
+
+        unless dry_run
+          puts "💪 Publishing #{crate_name} for real..."
+
+          Dir.chdir(File.join(RUST_DIR, crate_name)) do
+            sh "cargo", "publish"
+          end
+
+          sh "git", "tag", "#{crate_name}-v#{crate_version}"
+          sh "git", "push", "origin", "#{crate_name}-v#{crate_version}"
+
+          puts "🎉 Published #{crate_name} successfully!"
+        end
+      ensure
+        sh "git", "checkout", original_branch, verbose: false
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end