passenger 2.1.3 → 2.2.0
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- data/DEVELOPERS.TXT +2 -0
- data/INSTALL +3 -1
- data/LICENSE +19 -355
- data/NEWS +3 -0
- data/README +11 -4
- data/Rakefile +435 -236
- data/bin/passenger-config +20 -14
- data/bin/passenger-install-apache2-module +67 -201
- data/bin/passenger-install-nginx-module +477 -0
- data/bin/passenger-make-enterprisey +17 -12
- data/bin/passenger-memory-stats +33 -23
- data/bin/passenger-spawn-server +17 -12
- data/bin/passenger-status +18 -13
- data/bin/passenger-stress-test +17 -12
- data/doc/{Users guide.html → Users guide Apache.html } +79 -61
- data/doc/{Users guide.txt → Users guide Apache.txt } +43 -939
- data/doc/Users guide Nginx.html +2276 -0
- data/doc/Users guide Nginx.txt +776 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/ApplicationPoolServer_8h-source.html +9 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/ApplicationPool_8h-source.html +9 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/Application_8h-source.html +26 -21
- data/doc/cxxapi/Bucket_8h-source.html +54 -44
- data/doc/cxxapi/CachedFileStat_8h-source.html +9 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/Configuration_8h-source.html +357 -339
- data/doc/cxxapi/DirectoryMapper_8h-source.html +294 -280
- data/doc/cxxapi/DummySpawnManager_8h-source.html +9 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/Exceptions_8h-source.html +9 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/FileChecker_8h-source.html +9 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/Hooks_8h-source.html +50 -40
- data/doc/cxxapi/Logging_8h-source.html +9 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/MessageChannel_8h-source.html +20 -15
- data/doc/cxxapi/PoolOptions_8h-source.html +10 -5
- data/doc/cxxapi/SpawnManager_8h-source.html +9 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/StandardApplicationPool_8h-source.html +10 -5
- data/doc/cxxapi/SystemTime_8h-source.html +9 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/Utils_8h-source.html +242 -214
- data/doc/cxxapi/annotated.html +4 -28
- data/doc/cxxapi/classClient-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classClient.html +14 -11
- data/doc/cxxapi/classHooks-members.html +4 -5
- data/doc/cxxapi/classHooks.html +26 -24
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1Application-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1Application.html +40 -37
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ApplicationPool-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ApplicationPool.html +95 -92
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ApplicationPoolServer-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ApplicationPoolServer.html +26 -23
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ApplicationPool__inherit__graph.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ApplicationPool__inherit__graph.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ApplicationPool__inherit__graph.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1Application_1_1Session-members.html +17 -17
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1Application_1_1Session.html +139 -136
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1BufferedUpload-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1BufferedUpload.html +13 -10
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1BusyException-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1BusyException.html +11 -8
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ConfigurationException-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ConfigurationException.html +11 -8
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1DirectoryMapper-members.html +4 -5
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1DirectoryMapper.html +45 -43
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1DummySpawnManager-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1DummySpawnManager.html +13 -10
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileChecker-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileChecker.html +22 -19
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileNotFoundException-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileNotFoundException.html +12 -9
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileNotFoundException__inherit__graph.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileNotFoundException__inherit__graph.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileNotFoundException__inherit__graph.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileSystemException-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileSystemException.html +14 -11
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileSystemException__inherit__graph.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileSystemException__inherit__graph.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileSystemException__inherit__graph.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1IOException-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1IOException.html +12 -9
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1IOException__inherit__graph.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1IOException__inherit__graph.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1IOException__inherit__graph.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1MessageChannel-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1MessageChannel.html +228 -225
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1RuntimeException-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1RuntimeException.html +11 -8
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SpawnException-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SpawnException.html +14 -11
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SpawnManager-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SpawnManager.html +50 -47
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1StandardApplicationPool-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1StandardApplicationPool.html +73 -70
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1StandardApplicationPool__inherit__graph.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1StandardApplicationPool__inherit__graph.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1StandardApplicationPool__inherit__graph.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SystemException-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SystemException.html +17 -14
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SystemException__inherit__graph.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SystemException__inherit__graph.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SystemException__inherit__graph.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SystemTime-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SystemTime.html +14 -11
- data/doc/cxxapi/classes.html +35 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/definitions_8h-source.html +9 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/doxygen.css +311 -303
- data/doc/cxxapi/files.html +9 -18
- data/doc/cxxapi/functions.html +5 -224
- data/doc/cxxapi/functions_func.html +5 -185
- data/doc/cxxapi/functions_type.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/functions_vars.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/graph_legend.dot +19 -19
- data/doc/cxxapi/graph_legend.html +5 -5
- data/doc/cxxapi/graph_legend.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Configuration.html +11 -13
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Configuration.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Core.html +10 -12
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Core.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Exceptions.html +5 -7
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Hooks.html +5 -7
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Hooks.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Support.html +5 -624
- data/doc/cxxapi/hierarchy.html +6 -6
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__0.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__0.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__0.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__1.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__1.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__1.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__10.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__10.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__10.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__11.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__11.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__11.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__12.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__12.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__12.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__13.map +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__13.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__13.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__14.map +2 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__14.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__14.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__15.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__15.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__15.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__16.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__16.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__16.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__17.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__17.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__17.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__18.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__18.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__18.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__19.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__19.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__19.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__2.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__2.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__2.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__20.map +2 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__20.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__20.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__21.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__21.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__21.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__3.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__3.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__3.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__4.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__4.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__4.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__5.map +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__5.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__5.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__6.map +2 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__6.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__6.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__7.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__7.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__7.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__8.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__8.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__8.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__9.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__9.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__9.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherits.html +41 -41
- data/doc/cxxapi/main.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/modules.html +4 -5
- data/doc/cxxapi/structPassenger_1_1AnythingToString-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/structPassenger_1_1AnythingToString.html +13 -10
- data/doc/cxxapi/structPassenger_1_1AnythingToString_3_01vector_3_01string_01_4_01_4-members.html +5 -5
- data/doc/cxxapi/structPassenger_1_1AnythingToString_3_01vector_3_01string_01_4_01_4.html +16 -13
- data/doc/cxxapi/structPassenger_1_1PoolOptions-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/structPassenger_1_1PoolOptions.html +63 -60
- data/doc/cxxapi/tabs.css +5 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/tree.html +7 -81
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/ConditionVariable.html +59 -59
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Exception.html +11 -11
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/GC.html +4 -4
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/IO.html +14 -14
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger.html +75 -20
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/AbstractInstaller.html +153 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/AbstractRequestHandler.html +125 -130
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/AbstractServer.html +236 -236
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/AbstractServerCollection.html +213 -213
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/AdminTools.html +28 -28
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/AdminTools/ControlProcess.html +91 -75
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/AppInitError.html +10 -10
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Application.html +64 -64
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/ConsoleTextTemplate.html +34 -34
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/FrameworkInitError.html +13 -13
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/HTMLTemplate.html +30 -30
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/InitializationError.html +10 -10
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/MessageChannel.html +136 -136
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/NativeSupport.html +24 -24
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Rack/ApplicationSpawner.html +42 -42
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Rack/RequestHandler.html +55 -53
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Railz.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Railz/ApplicationSpawner.html +25 -30
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Railz/CGIFixed.html +23 -23
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Railz/FrameworkSpawner.html +116 -117
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Railz/RequestHandler.html +22 -22
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/SpawnManager.html +118 -124
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/UnknownError.html +10 -10
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Utils.html +354 -354
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/VersionNotFound.html +9 -9
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/WSGI/ApplicationSpawner.html +37 -37
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PlatformInfo.html +282 -261
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RakeExtensions.html +7 -7
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Signal.html +26 -26
- data/doc/rdoc/created.rid +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/DEVELOPERS_TXT.html +6 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/README.html +15 -6
- data/doc/rdoc/files/ext/phusion_passenger/native_support_c.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/abstract_installer_rb.html +129 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/abstract_request_handler_rb.html +20 -13
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/abstract_server_collection_rb.html +19 -13
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/abstract_server_rb.html +19 -13
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/admin_tools/control_process_rb.html +31 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/admin_tools_rb.html +31 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/application_rb.html +19 -13
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/console_text_template_rb.html +19 -13
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/constants_rb.html +21 -12
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/dependencies_rb.html +19 -13
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/events_rb.html +19 -13
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/exceptions_rb.html +19 -13
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/html_template_rb.html +19 -13
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/message_channel_rb.html +19 -13
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/packaging_rb.html +122 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/platform_info_rb.html +19 -13
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/rack/application_spawner_rb.html +22 -12
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/rack/request_handler_rb.html +21 -12
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/railz/application_spawner_rb.html +19 -13
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/railz/cgi_fixed_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/railz/framework_spawner_rb.html +19 -13
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/railz/request_handler_rb.html +21 -12
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/simple_benchmarking_rb.html +19 -13
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/spawn_manager_rb.html +19 -13
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/utils_rb.html +27 -21
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/wsgi/application_spawner_rb.html +21 -12
- data/doc/rdoc/files/misc/rake/extensions_rb.html +21 -12
- data/doc/rdoc/fr_class_index.html +1 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/fr_file_index.html +2 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/fr_method_index.html +116 -112
- data/doc/users_guide_snippets/analysis_and_system_maintenance_tools.txt +144 -0
- data/doc/users_guide_snippets/appendix_a_about.txt +13 -0
- data/doc/users_guide_snippets/appendix_b_terminology.txt +63 -0
- data/doc/users_guide_snippets/appendix_c_spawning_methods.txt +304 -0
- data/doc/users_guide_snippets/global_queueing_explained.txt +78 -0
- data/doc/users_guide_snippets/rackup_specifications.txt +75 -0
- data/doc/users_guide_snippets/rails_spawn_method.txt +48 -0
- data/doc/users_guide_snippets/tips.txt +173 -0
- data/ext/apache2/Bucket.cpp +17 -12
- data/ext/apache2/Bucket.h +17 -12
- data/ext/apache2/Configuration.cpp +17 -12
- data/ext/apache2/Configuration.h +27 -14
- data/ext/apache2/DirectoryMapper.h +21 -12
- data/ext/apache2/Hooks.cpp +67 -21
- data/ext/apache2/Hooks.h +17 -12
- data/ext/apache2/mod_passenger.c +17 -12
- data/ext/{apache2 → common}/Application.h +19 -14
- data/ext/{apache2 → common}/ApplicationPool.h +17 -12
- data/ext/{apache2 → common}/ApplicationPoolServer.h +18 -72
- data/ext/{apache2 → common}/ApplicationPoolServerExecutable.cpp +45 -104
- data/ext/common/ApplicationPoolStatusReporter.h +212 -0
- data/ext/{apache2 → common}/CachedFileStat.cpp +17 -12
- data/ext/{apache2 → common}/CachedFileStat.h +17 -12
- data/ext/{apache2 → common}/DummySpawnManager.h +17 -12
- data/ext/{apache2 → common}/Exceptions.h +17 -12
- data/ext/{apache2 → common}/FileChecker.h +17 -12
- data/ext/common/Logging.cpp +65 -0
- data/ext/{apache2 → common}/Logging.h +17 -12
- data/ext/{apache2 → common}/MessageChannel.h +17 -12
- data/ext/{apache2 → common}/PoolOptions.h +17 -12
- data/ext/{apache2 → common}/SpawnManager.h +17 -12
- data/ext/{apache2 → common}/StandardApplicationPool.h +17 -12
- data/ext/common/StaticString.h +147 -0
- data/ext/common/SystemTime.cpp +33 -0
- data/ext/{apache2 → common}/SystemTime.h +17 -12
- data/ext/{apache2 → common}/Utils.cpp +69 -12
- data/ext/{apache2 → common}/Utils.h +41 -12
- data/ext/nginx/Configuration.c +1091 -0
- data/ext/nginx/Configuration.h +71 -0
- data/ext/nginx/ContentHandler.c +1154 -0
- data/ext/nginx/ContentHandler.h +64 -0
- data/ext/nginx/HelperServer.cpp +857 -0
- data/ext/nginx/HttpStatusExtractor.h +161 -0
- data/ext/nginx/ScgiRequestParser.h +317 -0
- data/ext/nginx/StaticContentHandler.c +222 -0
- data/ext/nginx/StaticContentHandler.h +37 -0
- data/ext/nginx/config +41 -0
- data/ext/nginx/ngx_http_passenger_module.c +572 -0
- data/ext/nginx/ngx_http_passenger_module.h +72 -0
- data/ext/oxt/backtrace.cpp +8 -1
- data/ext/oxt/system_calls.cpp +40 -0
- data/ext/oxt/system_calls.hpp +14 -7
- data/ext/phusion_passenger/extconf.rb +17 -12
- data/ext/phusion_passenger/native_support.c +19 -12
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/abstract_installer.rb +196 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/abstract_request_handler.rb +19 -24
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/abstract_server.rb +17 -12
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/abstract_server_collection.rb +17 -12
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/admin_tools.rb +23 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/admin_tools/control_process.rb +39 -13
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/application.rb +17 -12
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/console_text_template.rb +17 -12
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/constants.rb +22 -11
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/dependencies.rb +47 -12
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/events.rb +17 -12
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/exceptions.rb +17 -12
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/html_template.rb +17 -12
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/message_channel.rb +17 -12
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/packaging.rb +39 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/platform_info.rb +48 -22
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/rack/application_spawner.rb +22 -11
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/rack/request_handler.rb +21 -12
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/railz/application_spawner.rb +23 -23
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/railz/framework_spawner.rb +18 -14
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/railz/request_handler.rb +18 -11
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/simple_benchmarking.rb +17 -12
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/spawn_manager.rb +17 -20
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/{apache_must_be_compiled_with_compatible_mpm.txt.erb → apache2/apache_must_be_compiled_with_compatible_mpm.txt.erb} +0 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/{apache2_config_snippets.txt.erb → apache2/config_snippets.txt.erb} +0 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/{deployment_example.txt.erb → apache2/deployment_example.txt.erb} +0 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/{no_write_permission_to_passenger_root.txt.erb → apache2/no_write_permission_to_passenger_root.txt.erb} +0 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/{possible_solutions_for_compilation_and_installation_problems.txt.erb → apache2/possible_solutions_for_compilation_and_installation_problems.txt.erb} +0 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/{run_installer_as_root.txt.erb → apache2/run_installer_as_root.txt.erb} +0 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/{welcome.txt.erb → apache2/welcome.txt.erb} +0 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/nginx/ask_for_extra_configure_flags.txt.erb +8 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/nginx/cannot_write_to_dir.txt.erb +11 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/nginx/config_snippets.txt.erb +17 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/nginx/config_snippets_inserted.txt.erb +20 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/nginx/confirm_extra_configure_flags.txt.erb +5 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/nginx/deployment_example.txt.erb +22 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/nginx/pcre_could_not_be_downloaded.txt.erb +11 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/nginx/pcre_could_not_be_extracted.txt.erb +11 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/nginx/possible_solutions_for_compilation_and_installation_problems.txt.erb +11 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/nginx/possible_solutions_for_download_and_extraction_problems.txt.erb +20 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/nginx/query_download_and_install.txt.erb +21 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/nginx/run_installer_as_root.txt.erb +8 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/nginx/welcome.txt.erb +15 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/utils.rb +20 -15
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/wsgi/application_spawner.rb +18 -11
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/wsgi/request_handler.py +23 -0
- data/misc/copy_boost_headers.rb +23 -0
- data/misc/find_owner_pipe_leaks.rb +18 -11
- data/misc/rake/cplusplus.rb +18 -11
- data/misc/rake/extensions.rb +21 -14
- data/misc/render_error_pages.rb +18 -11
- data/test/ApplicationPoolServerTest.cpp +1 -3
- data/test/ApplicationPoolServer_ApplicationPoolTest.cpp +1 -1
- data/test/CxxTestMain.cpp +19 -3
- data/test/HttpStatusExtractorTest.cpp +181 -0
- data/test/ScgiRequestParserTest.cpp +337 -0
- data/test/StaticStringTest.cpp +51 -0
- data/test/UtilsTest.cpp +32 -0
- data/test/config.yml.example +5 -0
- data/test/{integration_tests.rb → integration_tests/apache2_tests.rb} +7 -299
- data/test/integration_tests/hello_world_rack_spec.rb +36 -0
- data/test/integration_tests/hello_world_wsgi_spec.rb +41 -0
- data/test/integration_tests/mycook_spec.rb +192 -0
- data/test/integration_tests/nginx_tests.rb +98 -0
- data/test/ruby/rack/application_spawner_spec.rb +40 -0
- data/test/stub/nginx/koi-utf +109 -0
- data/test/stub/nginx/koi-win +103 -0
- data/test/stub/nginx/mime.types +70 -0
- data/test/stub/nginx/nginx.conf.erb +57 -0
- data/test/stub/nginx/win-utf +126 -0
- data/test/stub/rails_apps/mycook/app/controllers/uploads_controller.rb +4 -0
- data/test/stub/rails_apps/mycook/config/routes.rb +1 -1
- data/test/stub/wsgi/passenger_wsgi.pyc +0 -0
- data/test/support/Support.h +40 -0
- data/test/support/nginx_controller.rb +98 -0
- data/test/support/test_helper.rb +79 -0
- metadata +1091 -1028
- data/benchmark/DummyRequestHandler.cpp +0 -101
- data/ext/apache2/Logging.cpp +0 -60
- data/ext/apache2/SystemTime.cpp +0 -28
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="header">
|
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<h1>Phusion Passenger users guide, Nginx version</h1>
|
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|
+
<div id="toc">
|
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422
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<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
|
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<noscript><p><b>JavaScript must be enabled in your browser to display the table of contents.</b></p></noscript>
|
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+
</div>
|
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+
</div>
|
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426
|
+
<div id="preamble">
|
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427
|
+
<div class="sectionbody">
|
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428
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
|
|
429
|
+
<a class="image" href="http://www.phusion.nl/">
|
|
430
|
+
<img src="images/phusion_banner.png" alt="images/phusion_banner.png" />
|
|
431
|
+
</a>
|
|
432
|
+
</span></p></div>
|
|
433
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger is an Nginx module, which makes deploying Ruby and Ruby on
|
|
434
|
+
Rails applications on Nginx a breeze. It follows the usual Ruby on Rails
|
|
435
|
+
conventions, such as "Don’t-Repeat-Yourself" and ease of setup, while at the
|
|
436
|
+
same time providing enough flexibility.</p></div>
|
|
437
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This users guide will teach you:</p></div>
|
|
438
|
+
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
439
|
+
<li>
|
|
440
|
+
<p>
|
|
441
|
+
How to install Nginx with Phusion Passenger support.
|
|
442
|
+
</p>
|
|
443
|
+
</li>
|
|
444
|
+
<li>
|
|
445
|
+
<p>
|
|
446
|
+
How to configure Phusion Passenger.
|
|
447
|
+
</p>
|
|
448
|
+
</li>
|
|
449
|
+
<li>
|
|
450
|
+
<p>
|
|
451
|
+
How to deploy a Ruby on Rails application.
|
|
452
|
+
</p>
|
|
453
|
+
</li>
|
|
454
|
+
<li>
|
|
455
|
+
<p>
|
|
456
|
+
How to deploy a <a href="http://rack.rubyforge.org/">Rack</a>-based Ruby application.
|
|
457
|
+
</p>
|
|
458
|
+
</li>
|
|
459
|
+
<li>
|
|
460
|
+
<p>
|
|
461
|
+
How to solve common problems.
|
|
462
|
+
</p>
|
|
463
|
+
</li>
|
|
464
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
465
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This guide assumes that the reader is somewhat familiar with Nginx and with
|
|
466
|
+
using the commandline.</p></div>
|
|
467
|
+
</div>
|
|
468
|
+
</div>
|
|
469
|
+
<h2 id="_supported_operating_systems">1. Supported operating systems</h2>
|
|
470
|
+
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
471
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger works on any POSIX-compliant operating system. In other
|
|
472
|
+
words: practically any operating system on earth, except Microsoft Windows.</p></div>
|
|
473
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger for Nginx has been tested on:</p></div>
|
|
474
|
+
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
475
|
+
<li>
|
|
476
|
+
<p>
|
|
477
|
+
Ubuntu Linux 8.04 (x86)
|
|
478
|
+
</p>
|
|
479
|
+
</li>
|
|
480
|
+
<li>
|
|
481
|
+
<p>
|
|
482
|
+
Gentoo Linux (AMD64)
|
|
483
|
+
</p>
|
|
484
|
+
</li>
|
|
485
|
+
<li>
|
|
486
|
+
<p>
|
|
487
|
+
MacOS X Leopard (x86)
|
|
488
|
+
</p>
|
|
489
|
+
</li>
|
|
490
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
491
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Other operating systems have not been tested, but Phusion Passenger will probably
|
|
492
|
+
work fine on them. Please
|
|
493
|
+
<a href="http://code.google.com/p/phusion-passenger/issues/list">report a bug</a>
|
|
494
|
+
or
|
|
495
|
+
<a href="http://groups.google.com/group/phusion-passenger">join our discussion list</a>
|
|
496
|
+
if it doesn’t.</p></div>
|
|
497
|
+
</div>
|
|
498
|
+
<h2 id="install_passenger">2. Installing Phusion Passenger</h2>
|
|
499
|
+
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
500
|
+
<h3 id="_overview">2.1. Overview</h3>
|
|
501
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>As you might already know, Nginx does not support loadable modules, in contrast
|
|
502
|
+
to most other web servers (e.g. Apache). Therefore, to install Phusion Passenger
|
|
503
|
+
for Nginx, one must recompile and reinstall Nginx with Phusion Passenger support.
|
|
504
|
+
There are two ways to do this:</p></div>
|
|
505
|
+
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
|
|
506
|
+
<li>
|
|
507
|
+
<p>
|
|
508
|
+
By running the Phusion Passenger installer for Nginx. This installer will
|
|
509
|
+
guide you through the entire installation process, including downloading,
|
|
510
|
+
compiling and installing Nginx. You should be able to get Nginx with Phusion
|
|
511
|
+
Passenger support up-and-running in a matter of minutes. This is the
|
|
512
|
+
recommended installation method.
|
|
513
|
+
</p>
|
|
514
|
+
</li>
|
|
515
|
+
<li>
|
|
516
|
+
<p>
|
|
517
|
+
By manually configuring and compiling Nginx with Phusion Passenger support,
|
|
518
|
+
through Nginx’s <tt>--add-module</tt> configure option. Generally, using our
|
|
519
|
+
installer is easier, so you should only use this method if you’re already
|
|
520
|
+
familiar with compiling Nginx.
|
|
521
|
+
</p>
|
|
522
|
+
</li>
|
|
523
|
+
</ol></div>
|
|
524
|
+
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
525
|
+
<table><tr>
|
|
526
|
+
<td class="icon">
|
|
527
|
+
<img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip" />
|
|
528
|
+
</td>
|
|
529
|
+
<td class="content">You might have to run the installation commands in the following sections
|
|
530
|
+
as <em>root</em>. If the installer fails because of permission errors, it will tell
|
|
531
|
+
you.</td>
|
|
532
|
+
</tr></table>
|
|
533
|
+
</div>
|
|
534
|
+
<h3 id="specifying_ruby_installation">2.2. Specifying the correct Ruby installation</h3>
|
|
535
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>If your system has multiple Ruby installations — which is likely the case on
|
|
536
|
+
MacOS X, or if you’ve also installed
|
|
537
|
+
<a href="http://www.rubyenterpriseedition.com">Ruby Enterprise Edition</a> — then you
|
|
538
|
+
will need to tell the operating system which Ruby installation to use, prior to
|
|
539
|
+
running the Phusion Passenger installer. If you only have one Ruby installation
|
|
540
|
+
(the case on most Linux systems), then you can skip this section because Phusion
|
|
541
|
+
Passenger will automatically detect it.</p></div>
|
|
542
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>To specify a Ruby installation, prepend your Ruby installation’s <tt>bin</tt>
|
|
543
|
+
directory to the <tt>PATH</tt> environment variable. For example, if you have the
|
|
544
|
+
following Ruby installations:</p></div>
|
|
545
|
+
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
546
|
+
<li>
|
|
547
|
+
<p>
|
|
548
|
+
/usr/bin/ruby
|
|
549
|
+
</p>
|
|
550
|
+
</li>
|
|
551
|
+
<li>
|
|
552
|
+
<p>
|
|
553
|
+
/opt/myruby/bin/ruby
|
|
554
|
+
</p>
|
|
555
|
+
</li>
|
|
556
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
557
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>and you want to use the latter, then type:</p></div>
|
|
558
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
559
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
560
|
+
<pre><tt>export PATH=/opt/myruby/bin:$PATH</tt></pre>
|
|
561
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
562
|
+
<h3 id="_installing_phusion_passenger_for_nginx_through_the_installer">2.3. Installing Phusion Passenger for Nginx through the installer</h3>
|
|
563
|
+
<h4 id="_obtaining_the_phusion_passenger_files_and_running_the_installer">2.3.1. Obtaining the Phusion Passenger files and running the installer</h4>
|
|
564
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>You must obtain the Phusion Passenger files in order to run the installer.
|
|
565
|
+
This can be done either by installing the Phusion Passenger gem, or by
|
|
566
|
+
downloading the source tarball.</p></div>
|
|
567
|
+
<h5 id="_gem">Gem</h5>
|
|
568
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>First, install the Phusion Passenger gem by running:</p></div>
|
|
569
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
570
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
571
|
+
<pre><tt>gem install passenger</tt></pre>
|
|
572
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
573
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Next, run the Phusion Passenger installer for Nginx:</p></div>
|
|
574
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
575
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
576
|
+
<pre><tt>passenger-install-nginx-module</tt></pre>
|
|
577
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
578
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Please follow the instructions given by the installer.</p></div>
|
|
579
|
+
<h5 id="_source_tarball">Source tarball</h5>
|
|
580
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The source tarball can be download from the
|
|
581
|
+
<a href="http://www.modrails.com/">Phusion Passenger website</a>. Extract the tarball to
|
|
582
|
+
whatever location you prefer. <strong>The Phusion Passenger files are to reside in that
|
|
583
|
+
location permanently.</strong> For example, if you would like Phusion Passenger to
|
|
584
|
+
reside in <tt>/opt/passenger-x.x.x</tt>, then type:</p></div>
|
|
585
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
586
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
587
|
+
<pre><tt>cd /opt
|
|
588
|
+
tar xzvf ~/YourDownloadsFolder/passenger-x.x.x.tar.gz</tt></pre>
|
|
589
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
590
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Next, run the Phusion Passenger installer for Nginx:</p></div>
|
|
591
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
592
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
593
|
+
<pre><tt>/opt/passenger-x.x.x/bin/passenger-install-nginx-module</tt></pre>
|
|
594
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
595
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Please follow the instructions given by the installer.</p></div>
|
|
596
|
+
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
597
|
+
<table><tr>
|
|
598
|
+
<td class="icon">
|
|
599
|
+
<img src="./images/icons/important.png" alt="Important" />
|
|
600
|
+
</td>
|
|
601
|
+
<td class="content">Please do not remove the passenger-x.x.x folder after installation.
|
|
602
|
+
Furthermore, the passenger-x.x.x folder must be accessible by Nginx.</td>
|
|
603
|
+
</tr></table>
|
|
604
|
+
</div>
|
|
605
|
+
<h4 id="_non_interactive_automatic_installation">2.3.2. Non-interactive/automatic installation</h4>
|
|
606
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, the installer is interactive. If you want to automate installation,
|
|
607
|
+
then you can do so by passing various answers to the installer through command
|
|
608
|
+
line options.</p></div>
|
|
609
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Please run the installer with <tt>--help</tt> for a list of available command line
|
|
610
|
+
options.</p></div>
|
|
611
|
+
<h3 id="_installing_phusion_passenger_for_nginx_manually">2.4. Installing Phusion Passenger for Nginx manually</h3>
|
|
612
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can also install Phusion Passenger the way you install any other Nginx module.
|
|
613
|
+
To do this, run Nginx’s configure script with <tt>--add-module=/path-to-passenger-root/ext/nginx</tt>.</p></div>
|
|
614
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you installed Phusion Passenger via the gem, then <em>path-to-passenger-root</em>
|
|
615
|
+
can be obtained with the command:</p></div>
|
|
616
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
617
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
618
|
+
<pre><tt>passenger-config --root</tt></pre>
|
|
619
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
620
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This will probably output something along the lines of <em>/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-x.x.x</em>,
|
|
621
|
+
so you’ll probably have to specify something like <tt>--add-module=/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-x.x.x/ext/nginx</tt>.</p></div>
|
|
622
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you installed Phusion Passenger via a source tarball, then <em>path-to-passenger-root</em>
|
|
623
|
+
is the directory which contains the Phusion Passenger source code. So if you
|
|
624
|
+
extracted the Phusion Passenger source code to <em>/opt/passenger-x.x.x</em>, then you’ll
|
|
625
|
+
have to specify <tt>--add-module=/opt/passenger-x.x.x/ext/nginx</tt>.</p></div>
|
|
626
|
+
</div>
|
|
627
|
+
<h2 id="deploying_a_ror_app">3. Deploying a Ruby on Rails application</h2>
|
|
628
|
+
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
629
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose you have a Ruby on Rails application in <em>/webapps/mycook</em>, and you own
|
|
630
|
+
the domain <em>www.mycook.com</em>. You can either deploy your application to the
|
|
631
|
+
virtual host’s root (i.e. the application will be accessible from the root URL,
|
|
632
|
+
<em>http://www.mycook.com/</em>), or in a sub URI (i.e. the application will be
|
|
633
|
+
accessible from a sub URL, such as <em>http://www.mycook.com/railsapplication</em>).</p></div>
|
|
634
|
+
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
635
|
+
<table><tr>
|
|
636
|
+
<td class="icon">
|
|
637
|
+
<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
|
|
638
|
+
</td>
|
|
639
|
+
<td class="content">The default <tt>RAILS_ENV</tt> environment in which deployed Rails applications
|
|
640
|
+
are run, is “production”. You can change this by changing the
|
|
641
|
+
<a href="#RailsEnv">rails_env</a> configuration option.</td>
|
|
642
|
+
</tr></table>
|
|
643
|
+
</div>
|
|
644
|
+
<h3 id="_deploying_to_a_virtual_host_8217_s_root">3.1. Deploying to a virtual host’s root</h3>
|
|
645
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Add a <em>server</em> virtual host entry to your Nginx configuration file. The virtual
|
|
646
|
+
host’s root must point to your Ruby on Rails application’s <em>public</em> folder.</p></div>
|
|
647
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Inside the <em>server</em> block, set <em>passenger_enabled on</em>.</p></div>
|
|
648
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example:</p></div>
|
|
649
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
650
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
651
|
+
<pre><tt>http {
|
|
652
|
+
...
|
|
653
|
+
|
|
654
|
+
server {
|
|
655
|
+
listen 80;
|
|
656
|
+
server_name www.mycook.com;
|
|
657
|
+
root /webapps/mycook/public;
|
|
658
|
+
passenger_enabled on;
|
|
659
|
+
}
|
|
660
|
+
|
|
661
|
+
...
|
|
662
|
+
}</tt></pre>
|
|
663
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
664
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Then restart Nginx. The application has now been deployed.</p></div>
|
|
665
|
+
<h3 id="deploying_rails_to_sub_uri">3.2. Deploying to a sub URI</h3>
|
|
666
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose that you already have a <em>server</em> virtual host entry:</p></div>
|
|
667
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
668
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
669
|
+
<pre><tt>http {
|
|
670
|
+
...
|
|
671
|
+
|
|
672
|
+
server {
|
|
673
|
+
listen 80;
|
|
674
|
+
server_name www.phusion.nl;
|
|
675
|
+
root /websites/phusion;
|
|
676
|
+
}
|
|
677
|
+
|
|
678
|
+
...
|
|
679
|
+
}</tt></pre>
|
|
680
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
681
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>And you want your Ruby on Rails application to be accessible from the URL
|
|
682
|
+
<em>http://www.phusion.nl/rails</em>.</p></div>
|
|
683
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>To do this, make a symlink from your Ruby on Rails application’s <em>public</em>
|
|
684
|
+
folder to a directory in the document root. For example:</p></div>
|
|
685
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
686
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
687
|
+
<pre><tt>ln -s /webapps/mycook/public /websites/phusion/rails</tt></pre>
|
|
688
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
689
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Next, set <em>passenger_enabled on</em> and add a <a href="#PassengerBaseURI">passenger_base_uri</a>
|
|
690
|
+
option to the <em>server</em> block:</p></div>
|
|
691
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
692
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
693
|
+
<pre><tt>http {
|
|
694
|
+
...
|
|
695
|
+
|
|
696
|
+
server {
|
|
697
|
+
listen 80;
|
|
698
|
+
server_name www.phusion.nl;
|
|
699
|
+
root /websites/phusion;
|
|
700
|
+
passenger_enabled on; # <--- These lines have
|
|
701
|
+
passenger_base_uri /rails; # <--- been added.
|
|
702
|
+
}
|
|
703
|
+
|
|
704
|
+
...
|
|
705
|
+
}</tt></pre>
|
|
706
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
707
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Then restart Nginx. The application has now been deployed.</p></div>
|
|
708
|
+
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
709
|
+
<table><tr>
|
|
710
|
+
<td class="icon">
|
|
711
|
+
<img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip" />
|
|
712
|
+
</td>
|
|
713
|
+
<td class="content">
|
|
714
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can deploy multiple Rails applications under a virtual host, by specifying
|
|
715
|
+
<a href="#PassengerBaseURI">passenger_base_uri</a> multiple times. For example:</p></div>
|
|
716
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
717
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
718
|
+
<pre><tt>server {
|
|
719
|
+
...
|
|
720
|
+
passenger_base_uri /app1;
|
|
721
|
+
passenger_base_uri /app2;
|
|
722
|
+
passenger_base_uri /app3;
|
|
723
|
+
}</tt></pre>
|
|
724
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
725
|
+
</td>
|
|
726
|
+
</tr></table>
|
|
727
|
+
</div>
|
|
728
|
+
<h3 id="_redeploying_restarting_the_ruby_on_rails_application">3.3. Redeploying (restarting the Ruby on Rails application)</h3>
|
|
729
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Deploying a new version of a Ruby on Rails application is as simple as
|
|
730
|
+
re-uploading the application files, and restarting the application.</p></div>
|
|
731
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>There are two ways to restart the application:</p></div>
|
|
732
|
+
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
|
|
733
|
+
<li>
|
|
734
|
+
<p>
|
|
735
|
+
By restarting Nginx.
|
|
736
|
+
</p>
|
|
737
|
+
</li>
|
|
738
|
+
<li>
|
|
739
|
+
<p>
|
|
740
|
+
By creating or modifying the file <em>tmp/restart.txt</em> in the Rails
|
|
741
|
+
application’s <a href="#application_root">root folder</a>. Phusion Passenger will
|
|
742
|
+
automatically restart the application.
|
|
743
|
+
</p>
|
|
744
|
+
</li>
|
|
745
|
+
</ol></div>
|
|
746
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, to restart our example MyCook application, we type this in the
|
|
747
|
+
command line:</p></div>
|
|
748
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
749
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
750
|
+
<pre><tt>touch /webapps/mycook/tmp/restart.txt</tt></pre>
|
|
751
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
752
|
+
<h3 id="_migrations">3.4. Migrations</h3>
|
|
753
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger is not related to Ruby on Rails migrations in any way. To
|
|
754
|
+
run migrations on your deployment server, please login to your deployment
|
|
755
|
+
server (e.g. with <em>ssh</em>) and type <tt>rake db:migrate RAILS_ENV=production</tt> in
|
|
756
|
+
a shell console, just like one would normally run migrations.</p></div>
|
|
757
|
+
<h3 id="_capistrano_integration">3.5. Capistrano integration</h3>
|
|
758
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>See <a href="#capistrano">Capistrano recipe</a>.</p></div>
|
|
759
|
+
</div>
|
|
760
|
+
<h2 id="deploying_a_rack_app">4. Deploying a Rack-based Ruby application</h2>
|
|
761
|
+
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
762
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger supports arbitrary Ruby web applications that follow the
|
|
763
|
+
<a href="http://rack.rubyforge.org/">Rack</a> interface.</p></div>
|
|
764
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger assumes that Rack application directories have a certain layout.
|
|
765
|
+
Suppose that you have a Rack application in <em>/webapps/rackapp</em>. Then that
|
|
766
|
+
folder must contain at least three entries:</p></div>
|
|
767
|
+
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
768
|
+
<li>
|
|
769
|
+
<p>
|
|
770
|
+
<em>config.ru</em>, a Rackup file for starting the Rack application. This file must contain
|
|
771
|
+
the complete logic for initializing the application.
|
|
772
|
+
</p>
|
|
773
|
+
</li>
|
|
774
|
+
<li>
|
|
775
|
+
<p>
|
|
776
|
+
<em>public/</em>, a folder containing public static web assets, like images and stylesheets.
|
|
777
|
+
</p>
|
|
778
|
+
</li>
|
|
779
|
+
<li>
|
|
780
|
+
<p>
|
|
781
|
+
<em>tmp/</em>, used for <em>restart.txt</em> (our application restart mechanism). This will
|
|
782
|
+
be explained in a following subsection.
|
|
783
|
+
</p>
|
|
784
|
+
</li>
|
|
785
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
786
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>So <em>/webapps/rackapp</em> must, at minimum, look like this:</p></div>
|
|
787
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
788
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
789
|
+
<pre><tt>/webapps/rackapp
|
|
790
|
+
|
|
|
791
|
+
+-- config.ru
|
|
792
|
+
|
|
|
793
|
+
+-- public/
|
|
794
|
+
|
|
|
795
|
+
+-- tmp/</tt></pre>
|
|
796
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
797
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose you own the domain <em>www.rackapp.com</em>. You can either deploy your application
|
|
798
|
+
to the virtual host’s root (i.e. the application will be accessible from the root URL,
|
|
799
|
+
<em>http://www.rackapp.com/</em>), or in a sub URI (i.e. the application will be
|
|
800
|
+
accessible from a sub URL, such as <em>http://www.rackapp.com/rackapp</em>).</p></div>
|
|
801
|
+
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
802
|
+
<table><tr>
|
|
803
|
+
<td class="icon">
|
|
804
|
+
<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
|
|
805
|
+
</td>
|
|
806
|
+
<td class="content">The default <tt>RACK_ENV</tt> environment in which deployed Rack applications
|
|
807
|
+
are run, is “production”. You can change this by changing the
|
|
808
|
+
<a href="#RackEnv">rack_env</a> configuration option.</td>
|
|
809
|
+
</tr></table>
|
|
810
|
+
</div>
|
|
811
|
+
<h3 id="_tutorial_example_writing_and_deploying_a_hello_world_rack_application">4.1. Tutorial/example: writing and deploying a Hello World Rack application</h3>
|
|
812
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>First we create a Phusion Passenger-compliant Rack directory structure:</p></div>
|
|
813
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
814
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
815
|
+
<pre><tt>$ mkdir /webapps/rack_example
|
|
816
|
+
$ mkdir /webapps/rack_example/public
|
|
817
|
+
$ mkdir /webapps/rack_example/tmp</tt></pre>
|
|
818
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
819
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Next, we write a minimal "hello world" Rack application:</p></div>
|
|
820
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
821
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
822
|
+
<pre><tt>$ cd /webapps/rack_example
|
|
823
|
+
$ some_awesome_editor config.ru
|
|
824
|
+
...type in some source code...
|
|
825
|
+
$ cat config.ru
|
|
826
|
+
app = proc do |env|
|
|
827
|
+
return [200, { "Content-Type" => "text/html" }, "hello <b>world</b>"]
|
|
828
|
+
end
|
|
829
|
+
run app</tt></pre>
|
|
830
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
831
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Finally, we deploy it by adding the following configuration options to
|
|
832
|
+
the Apache configuration file:</p></div>
|
|
833
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
834
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
835
|
+
<pre><tt>http {
|
|
836
|
+
...
|
|
837
|
+
server {
|
|
838
|
+
listen 80;
|
|
839
|
+
server_name www.rackexample.com;
|
|
840
|
+
root /webapps/rack_example/public;
|
|
841
|
+
passenger_enabled on;
|
|
842
|
+
}
|
|
843
|
+
...
|
|
844
|
+
}</tt></pre>
|
|
845
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
846
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>And we’re done! After an Nginx restart, the above Rack application will be available
|
|
847
|
+
under the URL <em>http://www.rackexample.com/</em>.</p></div>
|
|
848
|
+
<h3 id="_deploying_to_a_virtual_host_8217_s_root_2">4.2. Deploying to a virtual host’s root</h3>
|
|
849
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Add a <em>server</em> virtual host entry to your Nginx configuration file. The virtual host’s
|
|
850
|
+
root must point to your Rack application’s <em>public</em> folder. You must also set
|
|
851
|
+
<em>passenger_enabled on</em> in the <em>server</em> block.</p></div>
|
|
852
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example:</p></div>
|
|
853
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
854
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
855
|
+
<pre><tt>http {
|
|
856
|
+
...
|
|
857
|
+
server {
|
|
858
|
+
listen 80;
|
|
859
|
+
server_name www.rackapp.com;
|
|
860
|
+
root /webapps/rackapp/public;
|
|
861
|
+
passenger_enabled on;
|
|
862
|
+
}
|
|
863
|
+
...
|
|
864
|
+
}</tt></pre>
|
|
865
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
866
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Then restart Nginx. The application has now been deployed.</p></div>
|
|
867
|
+
<h3 id="deploying_rack_to_sub_uri">4.3. Deploying to a sub URI</h3>
|
|
868
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose that you already have a virtual host:</p></div>
|
|
869
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
870
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
871
|
+
<pre><tt>http {
|
|
872
|
+
...
|
|
873
|
+
|
|
874
|
+
server {
|
|
875
|
+
listen 80;
|
|
876
|
+
server_name www.phusion.nl;
|
|
877
|
+
root /websites/phusion;
|
|
878
|
+
passenger_enabled on;
|
|
879
|
+
}
|
|
880
|
+
|
|
881
|
+
...
|
|
882
|
+
}</tt></pre>
|
|
883
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
884
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>And you want your Rack application to be accessible from the URL
|
|
885
|
+
<em>http://www.phusion.nl/rack</em>.</p></div>
|
|
886
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>To do this, make a symlink from your Rack application’s <em>public</em>
|
|
887
|
+
folder to a directory in the document root. For example:</p></div>
|
|
888
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
889
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
890
|
+
<pre><tt>ln -s /webapps/rackapp/public /websites/phusion/rack</tt></pre>
|
|
891
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
892
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Next, set <em>passenger_enabled on</em> and add a <a href="#PassengerBaseURI">passenger_base_uri</a>
|
|
893
|
+
option to the <em>server</em> block:</p></div>
|
|
894
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
895
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
896
|
+
<pre><tt>http {
|
|
897
|
+
...
|
|
898
|
+
|
|
899
|
+
server {
|
|
900
|
+
listen 80;
|
|
901
|
+
server_name www.phusion.nl;
|
|
902
|
+
root /websites/phusion;
|
|
903
|
+
passenger_enabled on; # <--- These lines have
|
|
904
|
+
passenger_base_uri /rack; # <--- been added.
|
|
905
|
+
}
|
|
906
|
+
|
|
907
|
+
...
|
|
908
|
+
}</tt></pre>
|
|
909
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
910
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Then restart Apache. The application has now been deployed.</p></div>
|
|
911
|
+
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
912
|
+
<table><tr>
|
|
913
|
+
<td class="icon">
|
|
914
|
+
<img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip" />
|
|
915
|
+
</td>
|
|
916
|
+
<td class="content">
|
|
917
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can deploy multiple Rack applications under a virtual host, by specifying
|
|
918
|
+
<a href="#PassengerBaseURI">passenger_base_uri</a> multiple times. For example:</p></div>
|
|
919
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
920
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
921
|
+
<pre><tt>server {
|
|
922
|
+
...
|
|
923
|
+
passenger_base_uri /app1;
|
|
924
|
+
passenger_base_uri /app2;
|
|
925
|
+
passenger_base_uri /app3;
|
|
926
|
+
}</tt></pre>
|
|
927
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
928
|
+
</td>
|
|
929
|
+
</tr></table>
|
|
930
|
+
</div>
|
|
931
|
+
<h3 id="_redeploying_restarting_the_rack_application">4.4. Redeploying (restarting the Rack application)</h3>
|
|
932
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Deploying a new version of a Rack application is as simple as
|
|
933
|
+
re-uploading the application files, and restarting the application.</p></div>
|
|
934
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>There are two ways to restart the application:</p></div>
|
|
935
|
+
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
|
|
936
|
+
<li>
|
|
937
|
+
<p>
|
|
938
|
+
By restarting Nginx.
|
|
939
|
+
</p>
|
|
940
|
+
</li>
|
|
941
|
+
<li>
|
|
942
|
+
<p>
|
|
943
|
+
By creating or modifying the file <em>tmp/restart.txt</em> in the Rack
|
|
944
|
+
application’s <a href="#application_root">root folder</a>. Phusion Passenger will
|
|
945
|
+
automatically restart the application.
|
|
946
|
+
</p>
|
|
947
|
+
</li>
|
|
948
|
+
</ol></div>
|
|
949
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, to restart our example application, we type this in the
|
|
950
|
+
command line:</p></div>
|
|
951
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
952
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
953
|
+
<pre><tt>touch /webapps/rackapp/tmp/restart.txt</tt></pre>
|
|
954
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
955
|
+
<h3 id="_rackup_specifications_for_various_web_frameworks">4.5. Rackup specifications for various web frameworks</h3>
|
|
956
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This subsection shows example <em>config.ru</em> files for various web frameworks.</p></div>
|
|
957
|
+
<h4 id="_camping">4.5.1. Camping</h4>
|
|
958
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
959
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
960
|
+
<pre><tt>require 'rubygems'
|
|
961
|
+
require 'rack'
|
|
962
|
+
require 'camping'
|
|
963
|
+
|
|
964
|
+
##### Begin Camping application
|
|
965
|
+
Camping.goes :Blog
|
|
966
|
+
|
|
967
|
+
...your application code here...
|
|
968
|
+
##### End Camping application
|
|
969
|
+
|
|
970
|
+
run Rack::Adapter::Camping.new(Blog)</tt></pre>
|
|
971
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
972
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>For Camping versions 2.0 and up, using <tt>run Blog</tt> as the final line will do.</p></div>
|
|
973
|
+
<h4 id="_halcyon">4.5.2. Halcyon</h4>
|
|
974
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
975
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
976
|
+
<pre><tt>require 'rubygems'
|
|
977
|
+
require 'halcyon'
|
|
978
|
+
$LOAD_PATH.unshift(Halcyon.root / 'lib')
|
|
979
|
+
Halcyon::Runner.load_config Halcyon.root/'config'/'config.yml'
|
|
980
|
+
run Halcyon::Runner.new</tt></pre>
|
|
981
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
982
|
+
<h4 id="_mack">4.5.3. Mack</h4>
|
|
983
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
984
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
985
|
+
<pre><tt>ENV["MACK_ENV"] = ENV["RACK_ENV"]
|
|
986
|
+
load("Rakefile")
|
|
987
|
+
require 'rubygems'
|
|
988
|
+
require 'mack'
|
|
989
|
+
run Mack::Utils::Server.build_app</tt></pre>
|
|
990
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
991
|
+
<h4 id="_merb">4.5.4. Merb</h4>
|
|
992
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
993
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
994
|
+
<pre><tt>require 'rubygems'
|
|
995
|
+
require 'merb-core'
|
|
996
|
+
|
|
997
|
+
Merb::Config.setup(
|
|
998
|
+
:merb_root => File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__)),
|
|
999
|
+
:environment => ENV['RACK_ENV']
|
|
1000
|
+
)
|
|
1001
|
+
Merb.environment = Merb::Config[:environment]
|
|
1002
|
+
Merb.root = Merb::Config[:merb_root]
|
|
1003
|
+
Merb::BootLoader.run
|
|
1004
|
+
|
|
1005
|
+
run Merb::Rack::Application.new</tt></pre>
|
|
1006
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
1007
|
+
<h4 id="_ramaze">4.5.5. Ramaze</h4>
|
|
1008
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1009
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
1010
|
+
<pre><tt>require "start"
|
|
1011
|
+
Ramaze.trait[:essentials].delete Ramaze::Adapter
|
|
1012
|
+
Ramaze.start :force => true
|
|
1013
|
+
run Ramaze::Adapter::Base</tt></pre>
|
|
1014
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
1015
|
+
<h4 id="_sinatra">4.5.6. Sinatra</h4>
|
|
1016
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1017
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
1018
|
+
<pre><tt>require 'rubygems'
|
|
1019
|
+
require 'sinatra'
|
|
1020
|
+
|
|
1021
|
+
root_dir = File.dirname(__FILE__)
|
|
1022
|
+
|
|
1023
|
+
set :environment, ENV['RACK_ENV'].to_sym
|
|
1024
|
+
set :root, root_dir
|
|
1025
|
+
set :app_file, File.join(root_dir, 'app.rb')
|
|
1026
|
+
disable :run
|
|
1027
|
+
|
|
1028
|
+
run Sinatra::Application</tt></pre>
|
|
1029
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
1030
|
+
</div>
|
|
1031
|
+
<h2 id="_configuring_phusion_passenger">5. Configuring Phusion Passenger</h2>
|
|
1032
|
+
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
1033
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>After installation, Phusion Passenger does not need any further configurations.
|
|
1034
|
+
Nevertheless, the system administrator may be interested in changing
|
|
1035
|
+
Phusion Passenger’s behavior. Phusion Passenger supports the following configuration
|
|
1036
|
+
options in the Nginx configuration file:</p></div>
|
|
1037
|
+
<h3 id="_passenger_root_lt_directory_gt">5.1. passenger_root <directory></h3>
|
|
1038
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The location to the Phusion Passenger root directory. This configuration option
|
|
1039
|
+
is essential to Phusion Passenger, and allows Phusion Passenger to locate its own
|
|
1040
|
+
data files. The correct value is given by the installer.</p></div>
|
|
1041
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you’ve moved Phusion Passenger to a different directory then you need to update
|
|
1042
|
+
this option as well. Please read
|
|
1043
|
+
<a href="#moving_phusion_passenger">Moving Phusion Passenger to a different directory</a> for more information.</p></div>
|
|
1044
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This required option may only occur once, in the <em>http</em> configuration block.</p></div>
|
|
1045
|
+
<h3 id="_passenger_log_level_lt_integer_gt">5.2. passenger_log_level <integer></h3>
|
|
1046
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option allows one to specify how much information Phusion Passenger should
|
|
1047
|
+
write to the Apache error log file. A higher log level value means that more
|
|
1048
|
+
information will be logged.</p></div>
|
|
1049
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Possible values are:</p></div>
|
|
1050
|
+
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1051
|
+
<li>
|
|
1052
|
+
<p>
|
|
1053
|
+
<em>0</em>: Show only errors and warnings.
|
|
1054
|
+
</p>
|
|
1055
|
+
</li>
|
|
1056
|
+
<li>
|
|
1057
|
+
<p>
|
|
1058
|
+
<em>1</em>: Show the most important debugging information. This might be useful for
|
|
1059
|
+
system administrators who are trying to figure out the cause of a
|
|
1060
|
+
problem.
|
|
1061
|
+
</p>
|
|
1062
|
+
</li>
|
|
1063
|
+
<li>
|
|
1064
|
+
<p>
|
|
1065
|
+
<em>2</em>: Show more debugging information. This is typically only useful for developers.
|
|
1066
|
+
</p>
|
|
1067
|
+
</li>
|
|
1068
|
+
<li>
|
|
1069
|
+
<p>
|
|
1070
|
+
<em>3</em>: Show even more debugging information.
|
|
1071
|
+
</p>
|
|
1072
|
+
</li>
|
|
1073
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
1074
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may only occur once, in the <em>http</em> configuration block.
|
|
1075
|
+
The default is <em>0</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1076
|
+
<h3 id="_passenger_ruby_lt_filename_gt">5.3. passenger_ruby <filename></h3>
|
|
1077
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option allows one to specify the Ruby interpreter to use.</p></div>
|
|
1078
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may only occur once, in the <em>http</em> configuration block.
|
|
1079
|
+
The default is <em>ruby</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1080
|
+
<h3 id="PassengerUseGlobalQueue">5.4. passenger_use_global_queue <on|off></h3>
|
|
1081
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Turns the use of global queuing on or off.</p></div>
|
|
1082
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
|
|
1083
|
+
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1084
|
+
<li>
|
|
1085
|
+
<p>
|
|
1086
|
+
In a <em>server</em> configuration block.
|
|
1087
|
+
</p>
|
|
1088
|
+
</li>
|
|
1089
|
+
<li>
|
|
1090
|
+
<p>
|
|
1091
|
+
In a <em>location</em> configuration block.
|
|
1092
|
+
</p>
|
|
1093
|
+
</li>
|
|
1094
|
+
<li>
|
|
1095
|
+
<p>
|
|
1096
|
+
In an <em>if</em> configuration scope.
|
|
1097
|
+
</p>
|
|
1098
|
+
</li>
|
|
1099
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
1100
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>off</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1101
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p><em>This feature is sponsored by <a href="http://www.37signals.com/">37signals</a>.</em></p></div>
|
|
1102
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><div class="title">What does this option do?</div><p>Recall that Phusion Passenger spawns multiple backend processes (e.g. multiple
|
|
1103
|
+
Ruby on Rails processes), each which processes HTTP requests serially. One of
|
|
1104
|
+
Phusion Passenger’s jobs is to forward HTTP requests to a suitable backend
|
|
1105
|
+
process. A backend process may take an arbitrary amount of time to process a
|
|
1106
|
+
specific HTTP request. If the websites are (temporarily) under high load, and
|
|
1107
|
+
the backend processes cannot process the requests fast enough, then some
|
|
1108
|
+
requests may have to be queued.</p></div>
|
|
1109
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>If global queuing is turned off, then Phusion Passenger will use <em>fair load
|
|
1110
|
+
balancing</em>. This means that each backend process will have its own private
|
|
1111
|
+
queue. Phusion Passenger will forward an HTTP request to the backend process
|
|
1112
|
+
that has the least amount of requests in its queue.</p></div>
|
|
1113
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>If global queuing is turned on, then Phusion Passenger will use a global queue
|
|
1114
|
+
that’s shared between all backend processes. If an HTTP request comes in, and
|
|
1115
|
+
all the backend processes are still busy, then Phusion Passenger will wait until
|
|
1116
|
+
at least one backend process is done, and will then forward the request to that
|
|
1117
|
+
process.</p></div>
|
|
1118
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><div class="title">When to turn on global queuing?</div><p>You should turn on global queuing if one of your web applications may have
|
|
1119
|
+
long-running requests.</p></div>
|
|
1120
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example suppose that:</p></div>
|
|
1121
|
+
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1122
|
+
<li>
|
|
1123
|
+
<p>
|
|
1124
|
+
global queuing is turned off.
|
|
1125
|
+
</p>
|
|
1126
|
+
</li>
|
|
1127
|
+
<li>
|
|
1128
|
+
<p>
|
|
1129
|
+
we’re currently in a state where all backend processes have 3 requests in
|
|
1130
|
+
their queue, except for a single backend process, which has 1 request in its
|
|
1131
|
+
queue.
|
|
1132
|
+
</p>
|
|
1133
|
+
</li>
|
|
1134
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
1135
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The situation looks like this:</p></div>
|
|
1136
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1137
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
1138
|
+
<pre><tt>Backend process A: [* ] (1 request in queue)
|
|
1139
|
+
Backend process B: [*** ] (3 requests in queue)
|
|
1140
|
+
Backend process C: [*** ] (3 requests in queue)
|
|
1141
|
+
Backend process D: [*** ] (3 requests in queue)</tt></pre>
|
|
1142
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
1143
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Each process is currently serving short-running requests.</p></div>
|
|
1144
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger will forward the next request to backend process A. A will
|
|
1145
|
+
now have 2 items in its queue. We’ll mark this new request with an X:</p></div>
|
|
1146
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1147
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
1148
|
+
<pre><tt>Backend process A: [*X ] (2 request in queue)
|
|
1149
|
+
Backend process B: [*** ] (3 requests in queue)
|
|
1150
|
+
Backend process C: [*** ] (3 requests in queue)
|
|
1151
|
+
Backend process D: [*** ] (3 requests in queue)</tt></pre>
|
|
1152
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
1153
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Assuming that B, C and D still aren’t done with their current request, the next
|
|
1154
|
+
HTTP request - let’s call this Y - will be forwarded to backend process A as
|
|
1155
|
+
well, because it has the least number of items in its queue:</p></div>
|
|
1156
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1157
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
1158
|
+
<pre><tt>Backend process A: [*XY ] (3 requests in queue)
|
|
1159
|
+
Backend process B: [*** ] (3 requests in queue)
|
|
1160
|
+
Backend process C: [*** ] (3 requests in queue)
|
|
1161
|
+
Backend process D: [*** ] (3 requests in queue)</tt></pre>
|
|
1162
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
1163
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>But if request X happens to be a long-running request that needs 60 seconds to
|
|
1164
|
+
complete, then we’ll have a problem. Y won’t be processed for at least 60
|
|
1165
|
+
seconds. It would have been a better idea if Y was forward to processes B, C or
|
|
1166
|
+
D instead, because they only have short-living requests in their queues.</p></div>
|
|
1167
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This problem will be avoided entirely if you turn global queuing on. With global
|
|
1168
|
+
queuing, all backend processes will share the same queue. The first backend
|
|
1169
|
+
process that becomes available will take from the queue, and so this
|
|
1170
|
+
“queuing-behind-long-running-request” problem will never occur.</p></div>
|
|
1171
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Turning global queuing off will yield a minor performance improvement (about 5%,
|
|
1172
|
+
depending on how fast/slow your web application is), which is why it’s off by
|
|
1173
|
+
default.</p></div>
|
|
1174
|
+
<h3 id="PassengerUserSwitching">5.5. passenger_user_switching <on|off></h3>
|
|
1175
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Whether to enable <a href="#user_switching">user switching support</a>.</p></div>
|
|
1176
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may only occur once, in the <em>http</em> configuration block.
|
|
1177
|
+
The default value is <em>on</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1178
|
+
<h3 id="PassengerDefaultUser">5.6. passenger_default_user <username></h3>
|
|
1179
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger enables <a href="#user_switching">user switching support</a> by default.
|
|
1180
|
+
This configuration option allows one to specify which user Rails/Rack
|
|
1181
|
+
applications must run as, if user switching fails or is disabled.</p></div>
|
|
1182
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may only occur once, in the <em>http</em> configuration block.
|
|
1183
|
+
The default value is <em>nobody</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1184
|
+
<h3 id="_important_deployment_options">5.7. Important deployment options</h3>
|
|
1185
|
+
<h4 id="_passenger_enabled_lt_on_off_gt">5.7.1. passenger_enabled <on|off></h4>
|
|
1186
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may be specified in a <em>server</em> configuration block, a
|
|
1187
|
+
<em>location</em> configuration block or an <em>if</em> configuration scope, to
|
|
1188
|
+
enable or disable Phusion Passenger for that server or that location.</p></div>
|
|
1189
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger is disabled by default, so you must explicitly enable
|
|
1190
|
+
it for server blocks that you wish to serve through Phusion Passenger.
|
|
1191
|
+
Please see <a href="#deploying_a_ror_app">Deploying a Ruby on Rails application</a>
|
|
1192
|
+
and <a href="#deploying_a_rack_app">Deploying a Rack-based Ruby application</a>
|
|
1193
|
+
for examples.</p></div>
|
|
1194
|
+
<h4 id="PassengerBaseURI">5.7.2. passenger_base_uri <uri></h4>
|
|
1195
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Used to specify that the given URI is an distinct application that should
|
|
1196
|
+
be served by Phusion Passenger. This option can be used for both Rails and
|
|
1197
|
+
Rack applications. See <a href="#deploying_rails_to_sub_uri">Deploying Rails to a sub URI</a>
|
|
1198
|
+
for an example.</p></div>
|
|
1199
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>It is allowed to specify this option multiple times. Do this to deploy multiple
|
|
1200
|
+
applications in different sub-URIs under the same virtual host.</p></div>
|
|
1201
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
|
|
1202
|
+
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1203
|
+
<li>
|
|
1204
|
+
<p>
|
|
1205
|
+
In a <em>server</em> configuration block.
|
|
1206
|
+
</p>
|
|
1207
|
+
</li>
|
|
1208
|
+
<li>
|
|
1209
|
+
<p>
|
|
1210
|
+
In a <em>location</em> configuration block.
|
|
1211
|
+
</p>
|
|
1212
|
+
</li>
|
|
1213
|
+
<li>
|
|
1214
|
+
<p>
|
|
1215
|
+
In an <em>if</em> configuration scope.
|
|
1216
|
+
</p>
|
|
1217
|
+
</li>
|
|
1218
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
1219
|
+
<h3 id="_resource_control_and_optimization_options">5.8. Resource control and optimization options</h3>
|
|
1220
|
+
<h4 id="PassengerMaxPoolSize">5.8.1. passenger_max_pool_size <integer></h4>
|
|
1221
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The maximum number of Ruby on Rails or Rack application instances that may
|
|
1222
|
+
be simultaneously active. A larger number results in higher memory usage,
|
|
1223
|
+
but improved ability to handle concurrent HTTP clients.</p></div>
|
|
1224
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The optimal value depends on your system’s hardware and the server’s average
|
|
1225
|
+
load. You should experiment with different values. But generally speaking,
|
|
1226
|
+
the value should be at least equal to the number of CPUs (or CPU cores) that
|
|
1227
|
+
you have. If your system has 2 GB of RAM, then we recommend a value of <em>30</em>.
|
|
1228
|
+
If your system is a Virtual Private Server (VPS) and has about 256 MB RAM, and
|
|
1229
|
+
is also running other services such as MySQL, then we recommend a value of <em>2</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1230
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you find that your server is unable to handle the load on your Rails/Rack websites
|
|
1231
|
+
(i.e. running out of memory) then you should lower this value. (Though if your
|
|
1232
|
+
sites are really that popular, then you should strongly consider upgrading your
|
|
1233
|
+
hardware or getting more servers.)</p></div>
|
|
1234
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may only occur once, in the <em>http</em> configuration bock.
|
|
1235
|
+
The default value is <em>6</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1236
|
+
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
1237
|
+
<table><tr>
|
|
1238
|
+
<td class="icon">
|
|
1239
|
+
<img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip" />
|
|
1240
|
+
</td>
|
|
1241
|
+
<td class="content">We strongly recommend you to <a href="#reducing_memory_usage">use Ruby Enterprise Edition</a>. This allows you to reduce the memory usage of your Ruby on Rails applications
|
|
1242
|
+
by about 33%. And it’s not hard to install.</td>
|
|
1243
|
+
</tr></table>
|
|
1244
|
+
</div>
|
|
1245
|
+
<h4 id="_passenger_max_instances_per_app_lt_integer_gt">5.8.2. passenger_max_instances_per_app <integer></h4>
|
|
1246
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The maximum number of seconds that an application instance may be idle. That is,
|
|
1247
|
+
if an application instance hasn’t received any traffic after the given number of
|
|
1248
|
+
seconds, then it will be shutdown in order to conserve memory.</p></div>
|
|
1249
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Decreasing this value means that applications will have to be spawned
|
|
1250
|
+
more often. Since spawning is a relatively slow operation, some visitors may
|
|
1251
|
+
notice a small delay when they visit your Rails/Rack website. However, it will also
|
|
1252
|
+
free up resources used by applications more quickly.</p></div>
|
|
1253
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The optimal value depends on the average time that a visitor spends on a single
|
|
1254
|
+
Rails/Rack web page. We recommend a value of <tt>2 * x</tt>, where <tt>x</tt> is the average
|
|
1255
|
+
number of seconds that a visitor spends on a single Rails/Rack web page. But your
|
|
1256
|
+
mileage may vary.</p></div>
|
|
1257
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>When this value is set to <em>0</em>, application instances will not be shutdown unless
|
|
1258
|
+
it’s really necessary, i.e. when Phusion Passenger is out of worker processes
|
|
1259
|
+
for a given application and one of the inactive application instances needs to
|
|
1260
|
+
make place for another application instance. Setting the value to 0 is
|
|
1261
|
+
recommended if you’re on a non-shared host that’s only running a few
|
|
1262
|
+
applications, each which must be available at all times.</p></div>
|
|
1263
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may only occur once, in the <em>http</em> configuration block.
|
|
1264
|
+
The default value is <em>300</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1265
|
+
<h4 id="PassengerPoolIdleTime">5.8.3. passenger_pool_idle_time <integer></h4>
|
|
1266
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The maximum number of seconds that an application instance may be idle. That is,
|
|
1267
|
+
if an application instance hasn’t received any traffic after the given number of
|
|
1268
|
+
seconds, then it will be shutdown in order to conserve memory.</p></div>
|
|
1269
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Decreasing this value means that applications will have to be spawned
|
|
1270
|
+
more often. Since spawning is a relatively slow operation, some visitors may
|
|
1271
|
+
notice a small delay when they visit your Rails/Rack website. However, it will also
|
|
1272
|
+
free up resources used by applications more quickly.</p></div>
|
|
1273
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The optimal value depends on the average time that a visitor spends on a single
|
|
1274
|
+
Rails/Rack web page. We recommend a value of <tt>2 * x</tt>, where <tt>x</tt> is the average
|
|
1275
|
+
number of seconds that a visitor spends on a single Rails/Rack web page. But your
|
|
1276
|
+
mileage may vary.</p></div>
|
|
1277
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>When this value is set to <em>0</em>, application instances will not be shutdown unless
|
|
1278
|
+
it’s really necessary, i.e. when Phusion Passenger is out of worker processes
|
|
1279
|
+
for a given application and one of the inactive application instances needs to
|
|
1280
|
+
make place for another application instance. Setting the value to 0 is
|
|
1281
|
+
recommended if you’re on a non-shared host that’s only running a few
|
|
1282
|
+
applications, each which must be available at all times.</p></div>
|
|
1283
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may only occur once, in the <em>http</em> configuration block.
|
|
1284
|
+
The default value is <em>300</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1285
|
+
<h3 id="_ruby_on_rails_specific_options">5.9. Ruby on Rails-specific options</h3>
|
|
1286
|
+
<h4 id="RailsEnv">5.9.1. rails_env <string></h4>
|
|
1287
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option allows one to specify the default <tt>RAILS_ENV</tt> value.</p></div>
|
|
1288
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
|
|
1289
|
+
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1290
|
+
<li>
|
|
1291
|
+
<p>
|
|
1292
|
+
In a <em>server</em> configuration block.
|
|
1293
|
+
</p>
|
|
1294
|
+
</li>
|
|
1295
|
+
<li>
|
|
1296
|
+
<p>
|
|
1297
|
+
In a <em>location</em> configuration block.
|
|
1298
|
+
</p>
|
|
1299
|
+
</li>
|
|
1300
|
+
<li>
|
|
1301
|
+
<p>
|
|
1302
|
+
In an <em>if</em> configuration scope.
|
|
1303
|
+
</p>
|
|
1304
|
+
</li>
|
|
1305
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
1306
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>production</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1307
|
+
<h4 id="_rails_spawn_method_lt_string_gt">5.9.2. rails_spawn_method <string></h4>
|
|
1308
|
+
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
1309
|
+
<table><tr>
|
|
1310
|
+
<td class="icon">
|
|
1311
|
+
<img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip" />
|
|
1312
|
+
</td>
|
|
1313
|
+
<td class="content">
|
|
1314
|
+
<div class="title">"What spawn method should I use?"</div>
|
|
1315
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This subsection attempts to describe spawn methods, but it’s okay if you don’t (want to)
|
|
1316
|
+
understand it, as it’s mostly a technical detail. You can basically follow this rule of thumb:</p></div>
|
|
1317
|
+
<div class="sidebarblock">
|
|
1318
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
1319
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>If your application works on Mongrel, but not on Phusion Passenger, then set
|
|
1320
|
+
<tt>rails_spawn_method</tt> to <em>conservative</em>. Otherwise, leave it at <em>smart-lv2</em> (the default).</p></div>
|
|
1321
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
1322
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>However, we do recommend you to try to understand it. The <em>smart</em> and <em>smart-lv2</em> spawn
|
|
1323
|
+
methods bring many benefits.</p></div>
|
|
1324
|
+
</td>
|
|
1325
|
+
</tr></table>
|
|
1326
|
+
</div>
|
|
1327
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Internally, Phusion Passenger spawns multiple Ruby on Rails processes in order to handle
|
|
1328
|
+
requests. But there are multiple ways with which processes can be spawned, each having
|
|
1329
|
+
its own set of pros and cons. Supported spawn methods are:</p></div>
|
|
1330
|
+
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
1331
|
+
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
1332
|
+
<em>smart</em>
|
|
1333
|
+
</dt>
|
|
1334
|
+
<dd>
|
|
1335
|
+
<p>
|
|
1336
|
+
When this spawn method is used, Phusion Passenger will attempt to cache Ruby on Rails
|
|
1337
|
+
framework code and application code for a limited period of time. Please read
|
|
1338
|
+
<a href="#spawning_methods_explained">Spawning methods explained</a> for a more detailed
|
|
1339
|
+
explanation of what smart spawning exactly does.
|
|
1340
|
+
</p>
|
|
1341
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>Pros:</strong>
|
|
1342
|
+
This can significantly decrease spawn time (by as much as 90%). And, when Ruby Enterprise
|
|
1343
|
+
Edition is used, <a href="#reducing_memory_usage">memory usage can be reduced by 33% on average</a>.</p></div>
|
|
1344
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>Cons:</strong>
|
|
1345
|
+
Some Ruby on Rails applications and libraries are not compatible with smart spawning.
|
|
1346
|
+
If that’s the case for your application, then you should use <em>conservative</em> as
|
|
1347
|
+
spawning method.</p></div>
|
|
1348
|
+
</dd>
|
|
1349
|
+
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
1350
|
+
<em>smart-lv2</em>
|
|
1351
|
+
</dt>
|
|
1352
|
+
<dd>
|
|
1353
|
+
<p>
|
|
1354
|
+
This spawning method is similar to <em>smart</em> but it skips the framework spawner
|
|
1355
|
+
and uses the application spawner directly. This means the framework code is not
|
|
1356
|
+
cached between multiple applications, although it is still cached within
|
|
1357
|
+
instances of the same application. Please read
|
|
1358
|
+
<a href="#spawning_methods_explained">Spawning methods explained</a> for a more detailed
|
|
1359
|
+
explanation of what smart-lv2 spawning exactly does.
|
|
1360
|
+
</p>
|
|
1361
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>Pros:</strong> It is compatible with a larger number of applications when compared to
|
|
1362
|
+
the <em>smart</em> method, and still performs some caching.</p></div>
|
|
1363
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>Cons:</strong> It is slower than smart spawning if you have many applications which
|
|
1364
|
+
use the same framework version. It is therefore advised that shared hosts use the
|
|
1365
|
+
<em>smart</em> method instead.</p></div>
|
|
1366
|
+
</dd>
|
|
1367
|
+
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
1368
|
+
<em>conservative</em>
|
|
1369
|
+
</dt>
|
|
1370
|
+
<dd>
|
|
1371
|
+
<p>
|
|
1372
|
+
This spawning method is similar to the one used in Mongrel Cluster. It does not
|
|
1373
|
+
perform any code caching at all. Please read
|
|
1374
|
+
<a href="#spawning_methods_explained">Spawning methods explained</a> for a more detailed
|
|
1375
|
+
explanation of what conservative spawning exactly does.
|
|
1376
|
+
</p>
|
|
1377
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>Pros:</strong>
|
|
1378
|
+
Conservative spawning is guaranteed to be compatible with all Rails applications
|
|
1379
|
+
and libraries.</p></div>
|
|
1380
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>Cons:</strong>
|
|
1381
|
+
Much slower than smart spawning. Every spawn action will be equally slow, though no slower than
|
|
1382
|
+
the startup time of a single server in Mongrel Cluster. Conservative spawning will also
|
|
1383
|
+
render <a href="#reducing_memory_usage">Ruby Enterprise Edition’s memory reduction technology</a> useless.</p></div>
|
|
1384
|
+
</dd>
|
|
1385
|
+
</dl></div>
|
|
1386
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
|
|
1387
|
+
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1388
|
+
<li>
|
|
1389
|
+
<p>
|
|
1390
|
+
In the <em>http</em> configuration block.
|
|
1391
|
+
</p>
|
|
1392
|
+
</li>
|
|
1393
|
+
<li>
|
|
1394
|
+
<p>
|
|
1395
|
+
In a <em>server</em> configuration block.
|
|
1396
|
+
</p>
|
|
1397
|
+
</li>
|
|
1398
|
+
<li>
|
|
1399
|
+
<p>
|
|
1400
|
+
In a <em>location</em> configuration block.
|
|
1401
|
+
</p>
|
|
1402
|
+
</li>
|
|
1403
|
+
<li>
|
|
1404
|
+
<p>
|
|
1405
|
+
In an <em>if</em> configuration scope.
|
|
1406
|
+
</p>
|
|
1407
|
+
</li>
|
|
1408
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
1409
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>smart-lv2</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1410
|
+
<h4 id="_rails_framework_spawner_idle_time_lt_integer_gt">5.9.3. rails_framework_spawner_idle_time <integer></h4>
|
|
1411
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The FrameworkSpawner server (explained in <a href="#spawning_methods_explained">Spawning methods explained</a>) has an idle timeout, just like the backend processes spawned by
|
|
1412
|
+
Phusion Passenger do. That is, it will automatically shutdown if it hasn’t done
|
|
1413
|
+
anything for a given period.</p></div>
|
|
1414
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option allows you to set the FrameworkSpawner server’s idle timeout, in
|
|
1415
|
+
seconds. A value of <em>0</em> means that it should never idle timeout.</p></div>
|
|
1416
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Setting a higher value will mean that the FrameworkSpawner server is kept around
|
|
1417
|
+
longer, which may slightly increase memory usage. But as long as the
|
|
1418
|
+
FrameworkSpawner server is running, the time to spawn a Ruby on Rails backend
|
|
1419
|
+
process only takes about 40% of the time that is normally needed, assuming that
|
|
1420
|
+
you’re using the <em>smart</em> <a href="#RailsSpawnMethod">spawning method</a>. So if your
|
|
1421
|
+
system has enough memory, is it recommended that you set this option to a high
|
|
1422
|
+
value or to <em>0</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1423
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
|
|
1424
|
+
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1425
|
+
<li>
|
|
1426
|
+
<p>
|
|
1427
|
+
In the <em>http</em> configuration block.
|
|
1428
|
+
</p>
|
|
1429
|
+
</li>
|
|
1430
|
+
<li>
|
|
1431
|
+
<p>
|
|
1432
|
+
In a <em>server</em> configuration block.
|
|
1433
|
+
</p>
|
|
1434
|
+
</li>
|
|
1435
|
+
<li>
|
|
1436
|
+
<p>
|
|
1437
|
+
In a <em>location</em> configuration block.
|
|
1438
|
+
</p>
|
|
1439
|
+
</li>
|
|
1440
|
+
<li>
|
|
1441
|
+
<p>
|
|
1442
|
+
In an <em>if</em> configuration scope.
|
|
1443
|
+
</p>
|
|
1444
|
+
</li>
|
|
1445
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
1446
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>1800</em> (30 minutes).</p></div>
|
|
1447
|
+
<h4 id="_rails_app_spawner_idle_time_lt_integer_gt">5.9.4. rails_app_spawner_idle_time <integer></h4>
|
|
1448
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The ApplicationSpawner server (explained in <a href="#spawning_methods_explained">Spawning methods explained</a>) has an idle timeout, just like the backend processes spawned by
|
|
1449
|
+
Phusion Passenger do. That is, it will automatically shutdown if it hasn’t done
|
|
1450
|
+
anything for a given period.</p></div>
|
|
1451
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option allows you to set the ApplicationSpawner server’s idle timeout, in
|
|
1452
|
+
seconds. A value of <em>0</em> means that it should never idle timeout.</p></div>
|
|
1453
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Setting a higher value will mean that the ApplicationSpawner server is kept around
|
|
1454
|
+
longer, which may slightly increase memory usage. But as long as the
|
|
1455
|
+
ApplicationSpawner server is running, the time to spawn a Ruby on Rails backend
|
|
1456
|
+
process only takes about 10% of the time that is normally needed, assuming that
|
|
1457
|
+
you’re using the <em>smart</em> or <em>smart-lv2</em> <a href="#RailsSpawnMethod">spawning method</a>. So if your
|
|
1458
|
+
system has enough memory, is it recommended that you set this option to a high
|
|
1459
|
+
value or to <em>0</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1460
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
|
|
1461
|
+
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1462
|
+
<li>
|
|
1463
|
+
<p>
|
|
1464
|
+
In the <em>http</em> configuration block.
|
|
1465
|
+
</p>
|
|
1466
|
+
</li>
|
|
1467
|
+
<li>
|
|
1468
|
+
<p>
|
|
1469
|
+
In a <em>server</em> configuration block.
|
|
1470
|
+
</p>
|
|
1471
|
+
</li>
|
|
1472
|
+
<li>
|
|
1473
|
+
<p>
|
|
1474
|
+
In a <em>location</em> configuration block.
|
|
1475
|
+
</p>
|
|
1476
|
+
</li>
|
|
1477
|
+
<li>
|
|
1478
|
+
<p>
|
|
1479
|
+
In an <em>if</em> configuration scope.
|
|
1480
|
+
</p>
|
|
1481
|
+
</li>
|
|
1482
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
1483
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>600</em> (10 minutes).</p></div>
|
|
1484
|
+
<h3 id="_rack_specific_options">5.10. Rack-specific options</h3>
|
|
1485
|
+
<h4 id="RackEnv">5.10.1. rack_env <string></h4>
|
|
1486
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option allows one to specify the default <tt>RACK_ENV</tt> value.</p></div>
|
|
1487
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
|
|
1488
|
+
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1489
|
+
<li>
|
|
1490
|
+
<p>
|
|
1491
|
+
In a <em>server</em> configuration block.
|
|
1492
|
+
</p>
|
|
1493
|
+
</li>
|
|
1494
|
+
<li>
|
|
1495
|
+
<p>
|
|
1496
|
+
In a <em>location</em> configuration block.
|
|
1497
|
+
</p>
|
|
1498
|
+
</li>
|
|
1499
|
+
<li>
|
|
1500
|
+
<p>
|
|
1501
|
+
In an <em>if</em> configuration scope.
|
|
1502
|
+
</p>
|
|
1503
|
+
</li>
|
|
1504
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
1505
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>production</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1506
|
+
</div>
|
|
1507
|
+
<h2 id="_analysis_and_system_maintenance_tools">6. Analysis and system maintenance tools</h2>
|
|
1508
|
+
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
1509
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger provides a set of tools, which are useful for system analysis,
|
|
1510
|
+
maintenance and troubleshooting.</p></div>
|
|
1511
|
+
<h3 id="_inspecting_memory_usage">6.1. Inspecting memory usage</h3>
|
|
1512
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Process inspection tools such as <tt>ps</tt> and <tt>top</tt> are useful, but they
|
|
1513
|
+
<a href="http://groups.google.com/group/phusion-passenger/msg/1fd1c233456d3180">rarely show the correct memory usage</a>.
|
|
1514
|
+
The real memory usage is usually lower than what <tt>ps</tt> and <tt>top</tt> report.</p></div>
|
|
1515
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>There are many technical reasons why this is so, but an explanation is beyond
|
|
1516
|
+
the scope of this Users Guide. We kindly refer the interested reader to
|
|
1517
|
+
operating systems literature about <em>virtual memory</em> and <em>copy-on-write</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1518
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The tool <tt>passenger-memory-stats</tt> allows one to easily analyze Phusion Passenger’s
|
|
1519
|
+
and Apache’s real memory usage. For example:</p></div>
|
|
1520
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1521
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
1522
|
+
<pre><tt>[bash@localhost root]# passenger-memory-stats
|
|
1523
|
+
------------- Apache processes --------------.
|
|
1524
|
+
PID PPID Threads VMSize Private Name
|
|
1525
|
+
---------------------------------------------.
|
|
1526
|
+
5947 1 9 90.6 MB 0.5 MB /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
|
|
1527
|
+
5948 5947 1 18.9 MB 0.7 MB /usr/sbin/fcgi-pm -k start
|
|
1528
|
+
6029 5947 1 42.7 MB 0.5 MB /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
|
|
1529
|
+
6030 5947 1 42.7 MB 0.5 MB /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
|
|
1530
|
+
6031 5947 1 42.5 MB 0.3 MB /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
|
|
1531
|
+
6033 5947 1 42.5 MB 0.4 MB /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
|
|
1532
|
+
6034 5947 1 50.5 MB 0.4 MB /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
|
|
1533
|
+
23482 5947 1 82.6 MB 0.4 MB /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
|
|
1534
|
+
### Processes: 8
|
|
1535
|
+
### Total private dirty RSS: 3.50 MB
|
|
1536
|
+
|
|
1537
|
+
--------- Passenger processes ---------.
|
|
1538
|
+
PID Threads VMSize Private Name
|
|
1539
|
+
---------------------------------------.
|
|
1540
|
+
6026 1 10.9 MB 4.7 MB Passenger spawn server
|
|
1541
|
+
23481 1 26.7 MB 3.0 MB Passenger FrameworkSpawner: 2.0.2
|
|
1542
|
+
23791 1 26.8 MB 2.9 MB Passenger ApplicationSpawner: /var/www/projects/app1-foobar
|
|
1543
|
+
23793 1 26.9 MB 17.1 MB Rails: /var/www/projects/app1-foobar
|
|
1544
|
+
### Processes: 4
|
|
1545
|
+
### Total private dirty RSS: 27.76 M</tt></pre>
|
|
1546
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
1547
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>Private</em> or <em>private dirty RSS</em> field shows the <strong>real</strong> memory usage of processes. Here,
|
|
1548
|
+
we see that all the Apache worker processes only take less than 1 MB memory each.
|
|
1549
|
+
This is a lot less than the 50 MB-ish memory usage as shown in the <em>VMSize</em> column
|
|
1550
|
+
(which is what a lot of people think is the real memory usage, but is actually not).</p></div>
|
|
1551
|
+
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
1552
|
+
<table><tr>
|
|
1553
|
+
<td class="icon">
|
|
1554
|
+
<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
|
|
1555
|
+
</td>
|
|
1556
|
+
<td class="content">Private dirty RSS reporting only works on Linux. Unfortunately other operating systems
|
|
1557
|
+
don’t provide facilities for determining processes' private dirty RSS. On non-Linux systems,
|
|
1558
|
+
the Resident Set Size is reported instead.</td>
|
|
1559
|
+
</tr></table>
|
|
1560
|
+
</div>
|
|
1561
|
+
<h3 id="_inspecting_phusion_passenger_8217_s_internal_status">6.2. Inspecting Phusion Passenger’s internal status</h3>
|
|
1562
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>One can inspect Phusion Passenger’s internal status with the tool <tt>passenger-status</tt>.
|
|
1563
|
+
This tool must typically be run as root. For example:</p></div>
|
|
1564
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1565
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
1566
|
+
<pre><tt>[bash@localhost root]# passenger-status
|
|
1567
|
+
----------- General information -----------
|
|
1568
|
+
max = 6
|
|
1569
|
+
count = 1
|
|
1570
|
+
active = 0
|
|
1571
|
+
inactive = 1
|
|
1572
|
+
|
|
1573
|
+
----------- Domains -----------
|
|
1574
|
+
/var/www/projects/app1-foobar:
|
|
1575
|
+
PID: 9617 Sessions: 0 Processed: 7 Uptime: 2m 23s</tt></pre>
|
|
1576
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
1577
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>general information</em> section shows the following information:</p></div>
|
|
1578
|
+
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
1579
|
+
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
1580
|
+
max
|
|
1581
|
+
</dt>
|
|
1582
|
+
<dd>
|
|
1583
|
+
<p>
|
|
1584
|
+
The maximum number of application instances that Phusion Passenger will
|
|
1585
|
+
spawn. This equals the value given for <a href="#PassengerMaxPoolSize">PassengerMaxPoolSize</a> (Apache)
|
|
1586
|
+
or <a href="#PassengerMaxPoolSize">passenger_max_pool_size</a> (Nginx).
|
|
1587
|
+
</p>
|
|
1588
|
+
</dd>
|
|
1589
|
+
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
1590
|
+
count
|
|
1591
|
+
</dt>
|
|
1592
|
+
<dd>
|
|
1593
|
+
<p>
|
|
1594
|
+
The number of application instances that are currently alive. This value
|
|
1595
|
+
is always less than or equal to <em>max</em>.
|
|
1596
|
+
</p>
|
|
1597
|
+
</dd>
|
|
1598
|
+
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
1599
|
+
active
|
|
1600
|
+
</dt>
|
|
1601
|
+
<dd>
|
|
1602
|
+
<p>
|
|
1603
|
+
The number of application instances that are currently processing
|
|
1604
|
+
requests. This value is always less than or equal to <em>count</em>.
|
|
1605
|
+
</p>
|
|
1606
|
+
</dd>
|
|
1607
|
+
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
1608
|
+
inactive
|
|
1609
|
+
</dt>
|
|
1610
|
+
<dd>
|
|
1611
|
+
<p>
|
|
1612
|
+
The number of application instances that are currently <strong>not</strong> processing
|
|
1613
|
+
requests, i.e. are idle. Idle application instances will be shutdown after a while,
|
|
1614
|
+
as can be specified with <a href="#PassengerPoolIdleTime">PassengerPoolIdleTime (Apache)</a>/<a href="#PassengerPoolIdleTime">passenger_pool_idle_time (Nginx)</a> (unless this
|
|
1615
|
+
value is set to 0, in which case application instances are never shut down via idle
|
|
1616
|
+
time). The value of <em>inactive</em> equals <tt>count - active</tt>.
|
|
1617
|
+
</p>
|
|
1618
|
+
</dd>
|
|
1619
|
+
</dl></div>
|
|
1620
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>domains</em> section shows, for each application directory, information about running
|
|
1621
|
+
application instances:</p></div>
|
|
1622
|
+
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
1623
|
+
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
1624
|
+
Sessions
|
|
1625
|
+
</dt>
|
|
1626
|
+
<dd>
|
|
1627
|
+
<p>
|
|
1628
|
+
Shows how many HTTP client are currently in the queue of that application
|
|
1629
|
+
Instance, waiting to be processed.
|
|
1630
|
+
</p>
|
|
1631
|
+
</dd>
|
|
1632
|
+
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
1633
|
+
Processed
|
|
1634
|
+
</dt>
|
|
1635
|
+
<dd>
|
|
1636
|
+
<p>
|
|
1637
|
+
Indicates how many requests the instance has served until now. <strong>Tip:</strong> it’s
|
|
1638
|
+
possible to limit this number with the <a href="#PassengerMaxRequests">PassengerMaxRequests</a>
|
|
1639
|
+
configuration directive.
|
|
1640
|
+
</p>
|
|
1641
|
+
</dd>
|
|
1642
|
+
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
1643
|
+
Uptime
|
|
1644
|
+
</dt>
|
|
1645
|
+
<dd>
|
|
1646
|
+
<p>
|
|
1647
|
+
Shows for how long the application instance has been running.
|
|
1648
|
+
</p>
|
|
1649
|
+
</dd>
|
|
1650
|
+
</dl></div>
|
|
1651
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Since Phusion Passenger uses fair load balancing by default, the number of sessions for the
|
|
1652
|
+
application instances should be fairly close to each other. For example, this is fairly
|
|
1653
|
+
normal:</p></div>
|
|
1654
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1655
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
1656
|
+
<pre><tt> PID: 4281 Sessions: 2 Processed: 7 Uptime: 5m 11s
|
|
1657
|
+
PID: 4268 Sessions: 0 Processed: 5 Uptime: 4m 52s
|
|
1658
|
+
PID: 4265 Sessions: 1 Processed: 6 Uptime: 5m 38s
|
|
1659
|
+
PID: 4275 Sessions: 1 Processed: 7 Uptime: 3m 14s</tt></pre>
|
|
1660
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
1661
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>But if you see a "spike", i.e. an application instance has an unusually high number of
|
|
1662
|
+
sessions compared to the others, then there might be a problem:</p></div>
|
|
1663
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1664
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
1665
|
+
<pre><tt> PID: 4281 Sessions: 2 Processed: 7 Uptime: 5m 11s
|
|
1666
|
+
PID: 17468 Sessions: 8 <-+ Processed: 2 Uptime: 4m 47s
|
|
1667
|
+
PID: 4265 Sessions: 1 | Processed: 6 Uptime: 5m 38s
|
|
1668
|
+
PID: 4275 Sessions: 1 | Processed: 7 Uptime: 3m 14s
|
|
1669
|
+
|
|
|
1670
|
+
+---- "spike"</tt></pre>
|
|
1671
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
1672
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Possible reasons why spikes can occur:</p></div>
|
|
1673
|
+
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
|
|
1674
|
+
<li>
|
|
1675
|
+
<p>
|
|
1676
|
+
Your application is busy processing a request that takes a very long time.
|
|
1677
|
+
If this is the case, then you might want to turn
|
|
1678
|
+
<a href="#PassengerUseGlobalQueue">global queuing</a> on.
|
|
1679
|
+
</p>
|
|
1680
|
+
</li>
|
|
1681
|
+
<li>
|
|
1682
|
+
<p>
|
|
1683
|
+
Your application is frozen, i.e. has stopped responding. See
|
|
1684
|
+
<a href="#debugging_frozen">Debugging frozen applications</a> for tips.
|
|
1685
|
+
</p>
|
|
1686
|
+
</li>
|
|
1687
|
+
</ol></div>
|
|
1688
|
+
<h3 id="debugging_frozen">6.3. Debugging frozen applications</h3>
|
|
1689
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>If one of your application instances is frozen (stopped responding), then you
|
|
1690
|
+
can figure out where it is frozen by killing it with <em>SIGABRT</em>. This will cause the
|
|
1691
|
+
application to raise an exception, with a backtrace.</p></div>
|
|
1692
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The exception (with full backtrace information) is normally logged into the Apache
|
|
1693
|
+
error log. But if your application or if its web framework has its own exception logging
|
|
1694
|
+
routines, then exceptions might be logged into the application’s log files instead.
|
|
1695
|
+
This is the case with Ruby on Rails. So if you kill a Ruby on Rails application with
|
|
1696
|
+
<em>SIGABRT</em>, please check the application’s <em>production.log</em> first (assuming that you’re
|
|
1697
|
+
running it in a <em>production</em> environment). If you don’t see a backtrace there, check
|
|
1698
|
+
the Apache error log.</p></div>
|
|
1699
|
+
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
1700
|
+
<table><tr>
|
|
1701
|
+
<td class="icon">
|
|
1702
|
+
<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
|
|
1703
|
+
</td>
|
|
1704
|
+
<td class="content">It is safe to kill application instances, even in live environments. Phusion Passenger
|
|
1705
|
+
will restart killed application instances, as if nothing bad happened.</td>
|
|
1706
|
+
</tr></table>
|
|
1707
|
+
</div>
|
|
1708
|
+
</div>
|
|
1709
|
+
<h2 id="_tips">7. Tips</h2>
|
|
1710
|
+
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
1711
|
+
<h3 id="user_switching">7.1. User switching (security)</h3>
|
|
1712
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>There is a problem that plagues most PHP web hosts, namely the fact that all PHP
|
|
1713
|
+
applications are run in the same user context as the web server. So for
|
|
1714
|
+
example, Joe’s PHP application will be able to read Jane’s PHP application’s
|
|
1715
|
+
passwords. This is obviously undesirable on many servers.</p></div>
|
|
1716
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger solves this problem by implementing <em>user switching</em>. A Rails
|
|
1717
|
+
application is started as the owner of the file <em>config/environment.rb</em>,
|
|
1718
|
+
and a Rack application is started as the owner of the file <em>config.ru</em>.
|
|
1719
|
+
So if <em>/home/webapps/foo/config/environment.rb</em> is owned by <em>joe</em>, then Phusion
|
|
1720
|
+
Passenger will launch the corresponding Rails application as <em>joe</em> as well.</p></div>
|
|
1721
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This behavior is the default, and you don’t need to configure anything. But
|
|
1722
|
+
there are things that you should keep in mind:</p></div>
|
|
1723
|
+
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1724
|
+
<li>
|
|
1725
|
+
<p>
|
|
1726
|
+
The owner of <em>environment.rb</em> must have read access to the Rails application’s
|
|
1727
|
+
folder, and read/write access to the Rails application’s <em>logs</em> folder.
|
|
1728
|
+
Likewise, the owner of <em>config.ru</em> must have read access to the Rack application’s
|
|
1729
|
+
folder.
|
|
1730
|
+
</p>
|
|
1731
|
+
</li>
|
|
1732
|
+
<li>
|
|
1733
|
+
<p>
|
|
1734
|
+
This feature is only available if Apache is started by <em>root</em>. This is the
|
|
1735
|
+
case on most Apache installations.
|
|
1736
|
+
</p>
|
|
1737
|
+
</li>
|
|
1738
|
+
<li>
|
|
1739
|
+
<p>
|
|
1740
|
+
Under no circumstances will applications be run as <em>root</em>. If
|
|
1741
|
+
<em>environment.rb</em>/<em>config.ru</em> is owned as root or by an unknown user, then the
|
|
1742
|
+
Rails/Rack application will run as the user specified by
|
|
1743
|
+
<a href="#PassengerDefaultUser">PassengerDefaultUser (Apache)</a>/<a href="#PassengerDefaultUser">passenger_default_user (Nginx)</a>.
|
|
1744
|
+
</p>
|
|
1745
|
+
</li>
|
|
1746
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
1747
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>User switching can be disabled with the
|
|
1748
|
+
<a href="#PassengerUserSwitching">PassengerUserSwitching (Apache)</a>/<a href="#PassengerUserSwitching">passenger_user_switching (Nginx)</a>
|
|
1749
|
+
option.</p></div>
|
|
1750
|
+
<h3 id="reducing_memory_usage">7.2. Reducing memory consumption of Ruby on Rails applications by 33%</h3>
|
|
1751
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Is it possible to reduce memory consumption of your Rails applications by 33% on average,
|
|
1752
|
+
by using <a href="http://www.rubyenterpriseedition.com/">Ruby Enterprise Edition</a>.
|
|
1753
|
+
Please visit the website for details.</p></div>
|
|
1754
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that this feature does not apply to Rack applications.</p></div>
|
|
1755
|
+
<h3 id="capistrano">7.3. Capistrano recipe</h3>
|
|
1756
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger can be combined with <a href="http://capify.org/">Capistrano</a>.
|
|
1757
|
+
The following Capistrano recipe demonstrates Phusion Passenger support.
|
|
1758
|
+
It assumes that you’re using Git as version control system.</p></div>
|
|
1759
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1760
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
1761
|
+
<pre><tt>set :application, "myapp"
|
|
1762
|
+
set :domain, "example.com"
|
|
1763
|
+
set :repository, "ssh://#{domain}/path-to-your-git-repo/#{application}.git"
|
|
1764
|
+
set :use_sudo, false
|
|
1765
|
+
set :deploy_to, "/path-to-your-web-app-directory/#{application}"
|
|
1766
|
+
set :scm, "git"
|
|
1767
|
+
|
|
1768
|
+
role :app, domain
|
|
1769
|
+
role :web, domain
|
|
1770
|
+
role :db, domain, :primary => true
|
|
1771
|
+
|
|
1772
|
+
namespace :deploy do
|
|
1773
|
+
task :start, :roles => :app do
|
|
1774
|
+
run "touch #{current_release}/tmp/restart.txt"
|
|
1775
|
+
end
|
|
1776
|
+
|
|
1777
|
+
task :stop, :roles => :app do
|
|
1778
|
+
# Do nothing.
|
|
1779
|
+
end
|
|
1780
|
+
|
|
1781
|
+
desc "Restart Application"
|
|
1782
|
+
task :restart, :roles => :app do
|
|
1783
|
+
run "touch #{current_release}/tmp/restart.txt"
|
|
1784
|
+
end
|
|
1785
|
+
end</tt></pre>
|
|
1786
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
1787
|
+
<h3 id="moving_phusion_passenger">7.4. Moving Phusion Passenger to a different directory</h3>
|
|
1788
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>It is possible to relocate the Phusion Passenger files to a different directory. It
|
|
1789
|
+
involves two steps:</p></div>
|
|
1790
|
+
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
|
|
1791
|
+
<li>
|
|
1792
|
+
<p>
|
|
1793
|
+
Moving the directory.
|
|
1794
|
+
</p>
|
|
1795
|
+
</li>
|
|
1796
|
+
<li>
|
|
1797
|
+
<p>
|
|
1798
|
+
Updating the “PassengerRoot” configuration option in Apache.
|
|
1799
|
+
</p>
|
|
1800
|
+
</li>
|
|
1801
|
+
</ol></div>
|
|
1802
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, if Phusion Passenger is located in <em>/opt/passenger/</em>, and you’d like to
|
|
1803
|
+
move it to <em>/usr/local/passenger/</em>, then do this:</p></div>
|
|
1804
|
+
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
|
|
1805
|
+
<li>
|
|
1806
|
+
<p>
|
|
1807
|
+
Run the following command:
|
|
1808
|
+
</p>
|
|
1809
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1810
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
1811
|
+
<pre><tt>mv /opt/passenger /usr/local/passenger</tt></pre>
|
|
1812
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
1813
|
+
</li>
|
|
1814
|
+
<li>
|
|
1815
|
+
<p>
|
|
1816
|
+
Edit your Apache configuration file, and set:
|
|
1817
|
+
</p>
|
|
1818
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1819
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
1820
|
+
<pre><tt>PassengerRoot /usr/local/passenger</tt></pre>
|
|
1821
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
1822
|
+
</li>
|
|
1823
|
+
</ol></div>
|
|
1824
|
+
<h3 id="_installing_multiple_ruby_on_rails_versions">7.5. Installing multiple Ruby on Rails versions</h3>
|
|
1825
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Each Ruby on Rails applications that are going to be deployed may require a
|
|
1826
|
+
specific Ruby on Rails version. You can install a specific version with
|
|
1827
|
+
this command:</p></div>
|
|
1828
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1829
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
1830
|
+
<pre><tt>gem install rails -v X.X.X</tt></pre>
|
|
1831
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
1832
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>where <em>X.X.X</em> is the version number of Ruby on Rails.</p></div>
|
|
1833
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>All of these versions will exist in parallel, and will not conflict with each
|
|
1834
|
+
other. Phusion Passenger will automatically make use of the correct version.</p></div>
|
|
1835
|
+
<h3 id="_making_the_application_restart_after_each_request">7.6. Making the application restart after each request</h3>
|
|
1836
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>In some situations it might be desirable to restart the web application after
|
|
1837
|
+
each request, for example when developing a non-Rails application that doesn’t
|
|
1838
|
+
support code reloading, or when developing a web framework.</p></div>
|
|
1839
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>To achieve this, simply create the file <em>tmp/always_restart.txt</em> in your
|
|
1840
|
+
application’s root folder. Unlike <em>restart.txt</em>, Phusion Passenger does not
|
|
1841
|
+
check for this file’s timestamp: Phusion Passenger will always restart the
|
|
1842
|
+
application, as long as <em>always_restart.txt</em> exists.</p></div>
|
|
1843
|
+
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
1844
|
+
<table><tr>
|
|
1845
|
+
<td class="icon">
|
|
1846
|
+
<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
|
|
1847
|
+
</td>
|
|
1848
|
+
<td class="content">If you’re just developing a Rails application then you probably don’t need
|
|
1849
|
+
this feature. If you set <em>RailsEnv development</em> in your Apache configuration,
|
|
1850
|
+
then Rails will automatically reload your application code after each request.
|
|
1851
|
+
<em>always_restart.txt</em> is only useful if you’re working on Ruby on Rails itself,
|
|
1852
|
+
or when you’re not developing a Rails application and your web framework
|
|
1853
|
+
does not support code reloading.</td>
|
|
1854
|
+
</tr></table>
|
|
1855
|
+
</div>
|
|
1856
|
+
<h3 id="sub_uri_deployment_uri_fix">7.7. How to fix broken images/CSS/JavaScript URIs in sub-URI deployments</h3>
|
|
1857
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Some people experience broken images and other broken static assets when they
|
|
1858
|
+
deploy their application to a sub-URI (i.e. <em>http://mysite.com/railsapp/</em>).
|
|
1859
|
+
The reason for this usually is that you used a
|
|
1860
|
+
static URI for your image in the views. This means your <em>img</em> source probably refers
|
|
1861
|
+
to something like <em>/images/foo.jpg</em>. The leading slash means that it’s an absolute URI:
|
|
1862
|
+
you’re telling the browser to always load <em>http://mysite.com/images/foo.jpg</em> no
|
|
1863
|
+
matter what. The problem is that the image is actually at
|
|
1864
|
+
<em>http://mysite.com/railsapp/images/foo.jpg</em>. There are two ways to fix this.</p></div>
|
|
1865
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The first way (not recommended) is to change your view templates to refer to
|
|
1866
|
+
<em>images/foo.jpg</em>. This is a relative URI: note the lack of a leading slash). What
|
|
1867
|
+
this does is making the path relative to the current URI. The problem is that if you
|
|
1868
|
+
use restful URIs, then your images will probably break again when you add a level to
|
|
1869
|
+
the URI.
|
|
1870
|
+
For example, when you’re at <em>http://mysite.com/railsapp</em> the browser will look for
|
|
1871
|
+
<em>http://mysite.com/railsapp/images/foo.jpg</em>. But when you’re at
|
|
1872
|
+
<em>http://mysite.com/railsapp/controller</em>. the browser will look for
|
|
1873
|
+
<em>http://mysite.com/railsapp/controller/images/foo.jpg</em>.
|
|
1874
|
+
So relative URIs usually don’t work well with layout templates.</p></div>
|
|
1875
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The second and highly recommended way is to always use Rails helper methods to
|
|
1876
|
+
output tags for static assets. These helper methods automatically take care
|
|
1877
|
+
of prepending the base URI that you’ve deployed the application to. For images
|
|
1878
|
+
there is <tt>image_tag</tt>, for JavaScript there is <tt>javascript_include_tag</tt> and for
|
|
1879
|
+
CSS there is <tt>stylesheet_link_tag</tt>. In the above example you would simply remove
|
|
1880
|
+
the <em><img></em> HTML tag and replace it with inline Ruby like this:</p></div>
|
|
1881
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1882
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
1883
|
+
<pre><tt><%= image_tag("foo.jpg") %></tt></pre>
|
|
1884
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
1885
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This will generate the proper image tag to <tt>$RAILS_ROOT/public/images/foo.jpg</tt>
|
|
1886
|
+
so that your images will always work no matter what sub-URI you’ve deployed to.</p></div>
|
|
1887
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>These helper methods are more valuable than you may think. For example they also
|
|
1888
|
+
append a timestamp to the URI to better facilitate HTTP caching. For more information,
|
|
1889
|
+
please refer to
|
|
1890
|
+
<a href="http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionView/Helpers/AssetTagHelper.html">the Rails API docs</a>.</p></div>
|
|
1891
|
+
</div>
|
|
1892
|
+
<h2 id="_appendix_a_about_this_document">8. Appendix A: About this document</h2>
|
|
1893
|
+
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
1894
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The text of this document is licensed under the
|
|
1895
|
+
<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons
|
|
1896
|
+
Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License</a>.</p></div>
|
|
1897
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
|
|
1898
|
+
<a class="image" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">
|
|
1899
|
+
<img src="images/by_sa.png" alt="images/by_sa.png" />
|
|
1900
|
+
</a>
|
|
1901
|
+
</span></p></div>
|
|
1902
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger is brought to you by <a href="http://www.phusion.nl/">Phusion</a>.</p></div>
|
|
1903
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
|
|
1904
|
+
<a class="image" href="http://www.phusion.nl/">
|
|
1905
|
+
<img src="images/phusion_banner.png" alt="images/phusion_banner.png" />
|
|
1906
|
+
</a>
|
|
1907
|
+
</span></p></div>
|
|
1908
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger is a trademark of Hongli Lai & Ninh Bui.</p></div>
|
|
1909
|
+
</div>
|
|
1910
|
+
<h2 id="_appendix_b_terminology">9. Appendix B: Terminology</h2>
|
|
1911
|
+
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
1912
|
+
<h3 id="application_root">9.1. Application root</h3>
|
|
1913
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The root directory of an application that’s served by Phusion Passenger.</p></div>
|
|
1914
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>In case of Ruby on Rails applications, this is the directory that contains
|
|
1915
|
+
<em>Rakefile</em>, <em>app/</em>, <em>config/</em>, <em>public/</em>, etc. In other words, the directory
|
|
1916
|
+
pointed to by <tt>RAILS_ROOT</tt>. For example, take the following directory structure:</p></div>
|
|
1917
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1918
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
1919
|
+
<pre><tt>/apps/foo/ <------ This is the Rails application's application root!
|
|
1920
|
+
|
|
|
1921
|
+
+- app/
|
|
1922
|
+
| |
|
|
1923
|
+
| +- controllers/
|
|
1924
|
+
| |
|
|
1925
|
+
| +- models/
|
|
1926
|
+
| |
|
|
1927
|
+
| +- views/
|
|
1928
|
+
|
|
|
1929
|
+
+- config/
|
|
1930
|
+
| |
|
|
1931
|
+
| +- environment.rb
|
|
1932
|
+
| |
|
|
1933
|
+
| +- ...
|
|
1934
|
+
|
|
|
1935
|
+
+- public/
|
|
1936
|
+
| |
|
|
1937
|
+
| +- ...
|
|
1938
|
+
|
|
|
1939
|
+
+- ...</tt></pre>
|
|
1940
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
1941
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>In case of Rack applications, this is the directory that contains <em>config.ru</em>.
|
|
1942
|
+
For example, take the following directory structure:</p></div>
|
|
1943
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1944
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
1945
|
+
<pre><tt>/apps/bar/ <----- This is the Rack application's application root!
|
|
1946
|
+
|
|
|
1947
|
+
+- public/
|
|
1948
|
+
| |
|
|
1949
|
+
| +- ...
|
|
1950
|
+
|
|
|
1951
|
+
+- config.ru
|
|
1952
|
+
|
|
|
1953
|
+
+- ...</tt></pre>
|
|
1954
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
1955
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>In case of Python (WSGI) applications, this is the directory that contains
|
|
1956
|
+
<em>passenger_wsgi.py</em>. For example, take the following directory structure:</p></div>
|
|
1957
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1958
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
1959
|
+
<pre><tt>/apps/baz/ <----- This is the WSGI application's application root!
|
|
1960
|
+
|
|
|
1961
|
+
+- public/
|
|
1962
|
+
| |
|
|
1963
|
+
| +- ...
|
|
1964
|
+
|
|
|
1965
|
+
+- passenger_wsgi.py
|
|
1966
|
+
|
|
|
1967
|
+
+- ...</tt></pre>
|
|
1968
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
1969
|
+
</div>
|
|
1970
|
+
<h2 id="spawning_methods_explained">10. Appendix C: Spawning methods explained</h2>
|
|
1971
|
+
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
1972
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>At its core, Phusion Passenger is an HTTP proxy and process manager. It spawns
|
|
1973
|
+
Ruby on Rails/Rack/WSGI worker processes (which may also be referred to as
|
|
1974
|
+
<em>backend processes</em>), and forwards incoming HTTP request to one of the worker
|
|
1975
|
+
processes.</p></div>
|
|
1976
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>While this may sound simple, there’s not just one way to spawn worker processes.
|
|
1977
|
+
Let’s go over the different spawning methods. For simplicity’s sake, let’s
|
|
1978
|
+
assume that we’re only talking about Ruby on Rails applications.</p></div>
|
|
1979
|
+
<h3 id="_the_most_straightforward_and_traditional_way_conservative_spawning">10.1. The most straightforward and traditional way: conservative spawning</h3>
|
|
1980
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger could create a new Ruby process, which will then load the
|
|
1981
|
+
Rails application along with the entire Rails framework. This process will then
|
|
1982
|
+
enter an request handling main loop.</p></div>
|
|
1983
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This is the most straightforward way to spawn worker processes. If you’re
|
|
1984
|
+
familiar with the Mongrel application server, then this approach is exactly
|
|
1985
|
+
what mongrel_cluster performs: it creates N worker processes, each which loads
|
|
1986
|
+
a full copy of the Rails application and the Rails framework in memory. The Thin
|
|
1987
|
+
application server employs pretty much the same approach.</p></div>
|
|
1988
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that Phusion Passenger’s version of conservative spawning differs slightly
|
|
1989
|
+
from mongrel_cluster. Mongrel_cluster creates entirely new Ruby processes. In
|
|
1990
|
+
programmers jargon, mongrel_cluster creates new Ruby processes by forking the
|
|
1991
|
+
current process and exec()-ing a new Ruby interpreter. Phusion Passenger on the
|
|
1992
|
+
other hand creates processes that reuse the already loaded Ruby interpreter. In
|
|
1993
|
+
programmers jargon, Phusion Passenger calls fork(), but not exec().</p></div>
|
|
1994
|
+
<h3 id="_the_smart_spawning_method">10.2. The smart spawning method</h3>
|
|
1995
|
+
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
1996
|
+
<table><tr>
|
|
1997
|
+
<td class="icon">
|
|
1998
|
+
<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
|
|
1999
|
+
</td>
|
|
2000
|
+
<td class="content">Smart spawning is only available for Ruby on Rails applications, not for
|
|
2001
|
+
Rack applications or WSGI applications.</td>
|
|
2002
|
+
</tr></table>
|
|
2003
|
+
</div>
|
|
2004
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>While conservative spawning works well, it’s not as efficient as it could be
|
|
2005
|
+
because each worker process has its own private copy of the Rails application
|
|
2006
|
+
as well as the Rails framework. This wastes memory as well as startup time.</p></div>
|
|
2007
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
|
|
2008
|
+
<img src="images/conservative_spawning.png" alt="Worker processes and conservative spawning" title="Worker processes and conservative spawning" />
|
|
2009
|
+
</span><br />
|
|
2010
|
+
<em>Figure: Worker processes and conservative spawning. Each worker process has its
|
|
2011
|
+
own private copy of the application code and Rails framework code.</em></p></div>
|
|
2012
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>It is possible to make the different worker processes share the memory occupied
|
|
2013
|
+
by application and Rails framework code, by utilizing so-called
|
|
2014
|
+
copy-on-write semantics of the virtual memory system on modern operating
|
|
2015
|
+
systems. As a side effect, the startup time is also reduced. This is technique
|
|
2016
|
+
is exploited by Phusion Passenger’s <em>smart</em> and <em>smart-lv2</em> spawn methods.</p></div>
|
|
2017
|
+
<h4 id="_how_it_works">10.2.1. How it works</h4>
|
|
2018
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>When the <em>smart-lv2</em> spawn method is being used, Phusion Passenger will first
|
|
2019
|
+
create a so-called <em>ApplicationSpawner server</em> process. This process loads the
|
|
2020
|
+
entire Rails application along with the Rails framework, by loading
|
|
2021
|
+
<em>environment.rb</em>. Then, whenever Phusion Passenger needs a new worker process,
|
|
2022
|
+
it will instruct the ApplicationSpawner server to do so. The ApplicationSpawner
|
|
2023
|
+
server will create a worker new process
|
|
2024
|
+
that reuses the already loaded Rails application/framework. Creating a worker
|
|
2025
|
+
process through an already running ApplicationSpawner server is very fast, about
|
|
2026
|
+
10 times faster than loading the Rails application/framework from scratch. If
|
|
2027
|
+
the Ruby interpreter is copy-on-write friendly (that is, if you’re running
|
|
2028
|
+
<a href="#reducing_memory_usage">Ruby Enterprise Edition</a>) then all created worker
|
|
2029
|
+
processes will share as much common
|
|
2030
|
+
memory as possible. That is, they will all share the same application and Rails
|
|
2031
|
+
framework code.</p></div>
|
|
2032
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
|
|
2033
|
+
<img src="images/smart-lv2.png" alt="images/smart-lv2.png" />
|
|
2034
|
+
</span><br />
|
|
2035
|
+
<em>Figure: Worker processes and the smart-lv2 spawn method. All worker processes,
|
|
2036
|
+
as well as the ApplicationSpawner, share the same application code and Rails
|
|
2037
|
+
framework code.</em></p></div>
|
|
2038
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>smart</em> spawn method goes even further, by caching the Rails framework in
|
|
2039
|
+
another process called the <em>FrameworkSpawner server</em>. This process only loads
|
|
2040
|
+
the Rails framework, not the application. When a FrameworkSpawner server is
|
|
2041
|
+
instructed to create a new worker process, it will create a new
|
|
2042
|
+
ApplicationSpawner to which the instruction will be delegated. All those
|
|
2043
|
+
ApplicationSpawner servers, as well as all worker processes created by those
|
|
2044
|
+
ApplicationSpawner servers, will share the same Rails framework code.</p></div>
|
|
2045
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>smart-lv2</em> method allows different worker processes that belong to the same
|
|
2046
|
+
application to share memory. The <em>smart</em> method allows different worker
|
|
2047
|
+
processes - that happen to use the same Rails version - to share memory, even if
|
|
2048
|
+
they don’t belong to the same application.</p></div>
|
|
2049
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Notes:</p></div>
|
|
2050
|
+
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
2051
|
+
<li>
|
|
2052
|
+
<p>
|
|
2053
|
+
Vendored Rails frameworks cannot be shared by different applications, even if
|
|
2054
|
+
both vendored Rails frameworks are the same version. So for efficiency reasons
|
|
2055
|
+
we don’t recommend vendoring Rails.
|
|
2056
|
+
</p>
|
|
2057
|
+
</li>
|
|
2058
|
+
<li>
|
|
2059
|
+
<p>
|
|
2060
|
+
ApplicationSpawner and FrameworkSpawner servers have an idle timeout just
|
|
2061
|
+
like worker processes. If an ApplicationSpawner/FrameworkSpawner server hasn’t
|
|
2062
|
+
been instructed to do anything for a while, it will be shutdown in order to
|
|
2063
|
+
conserve memory. This idle timeout is configurable.
|
|
2064
|
+
</p>
|
|
2065
|
+
</li>
|
|
2066
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
2067
|
+
<h4 id="_summary_of_benefits">10.2.2. Summary of benefits</h4>
|
|
2068
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose that Phusion Passenger needs a new worker process for an application
|
|
2069
|
+
that uses Rails 2.2.1.</p></div>
|
|
2070
|
+
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
2071
|
+
<li>
|
|
2072
|
+
<p>
|
|
2073
|
+
If the <em>smart-lv2</em> spawning method is used, and an ApplicationSpawner server
|
|
2074
|
+
for this application is already running, then worker process creation time is
|
|
2075
|
+
about 10 times faster than conservative spawning. This worker process will also
|
|
2076
|
+
share application and Rails framework code memory with the ApplicationSpawner
|
|
2077
|
+
server and the worker processes that had been spawned by this ApplicationSpawner
|
|
2078
|
+
server.
|
|
2079
|
+
</p>
|
|
2080
|
+
</li>
|
|
2081
|
+
<li>
|
|
2082
|
+
<p>
|
|
2083
|
+
If the <em>smart</em> spawning method is used, and a FrameworkSpawner server for
|
|
2084
|
+
Rails 2.2.1 is already running, but no ApplicationSpawner server for this
|
|
2085
|
+
application is running, then worker process creation time is about 2 times
|
|
2086
|
+
faster than conservative spawning. If there is an ApplicationSpawner server
|
|
2087
|
+
for this application running, then worker process creation time is about 10
|
|
2088
|
+
times faster. This worker process will also share application and Rails
|
|
2089
|
+
framework code memory with the ApplicationSpawner and FrameworkSpawner
|
|
2090
|
+
servers.
|
|
2091
|
+
</p>
|
|
2092
|
+
</li>
|
|
2093
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
2094
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>You could compare ApplicationSpawner and FrameworkSpawner servers with stem
|
|
2095
|
+
cells, that have the ability to quickly change into more specific cells (worker
|
|
2096
|
+
process).</p></div>
|
|
2097
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>In practice, the smart spawning methods could mean a memory saving of about 33%,
|
|
2098
|
+
assuming that your Ruby interpreter is <a href="#reducing_memory_usage">copy-on-write friendly</a>.</p></div>
|
|
2099
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Of course, smart spawning is not without gotchas. But if you understand the
|
|
2100
|
+
gotchas you can easily reap the benefits of smart spawning.</p></div>
|
|
2101
|
+
<h3 id="_smart_spawning_gotcha_1_unintential_file_descriptor_sharing">10.3. Smart spawning gotcha #1: unintential file descriptor sharing</h3>
|
|
2102
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Because worker processes are created by forking from an ApplicationSpawner
|
|
2103
|
+
server, it will share all file descriptors that are opened by the
|
|
2104
|
+
ApplicationSpawner server. (This is part of the semantics of the Unix
|
|
2105
|
+
<em>fork()</em> system call. You might want to Google it if you’re not familiar with
|
|
2106
|
+
it.) A file descriptor is a handle which can be an opened file, an opened socket
|
|
2107
|
+
connection, a pipe, etc. If different worker processes write to such a file
|
|
2108
|
+
descriptor at the same time, then their write calls will be interleaved, which
|
|
2109
|
+
may potentially cause problems.</p></div>
|
|
2110
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>The problem commonly involves socket connections that are unintentially being
|
|
2111
|
+
shared. You can fix it by closing and reestablishing the connection when Phusion
|
|
2112
|
+
Passenger is creating a new worker process. Phusion Passenger provides the API
|
|
2113
|
+
call <tt>PhusionPassenger.on_event(:starting_worker_process)</tt> to do so. So you
|
|
2114
|
+
could insert the following code in your <em>environment.rb</em>:</p></div>
|
|
2115
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2116
|
+
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
|
|
2117
|
+
by Lorenzo Bettini
|
|
2118
|
+
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
|
|
2119
|
+
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
|
|
2120
|
+
<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">if</span></span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">defined</span></span><span style="color: #990000">?(</span>PhusionPassenger<span style="color: #990000">)</span>
|
|
2121
|
+
PhusionPassenger<span style="color: #990000">.</span>on_event<span style="color: #990000">(:</span>starting_worker_process<span style="color: #990000">)</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">do</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">|</span>forked<span style="color: #990000">|</span>
|
|
2122
|
+
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">if</span></span> forked
|
|
2123
|
+
<span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># We're in smart spawning mode.</span></span>
|
|
2124
|
+
<span style="color: #990000">...</span> code to reestablish socket connections here <span style="color: #990000">...</span>
|
|
2125
|
+
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">else</span></span>
|
|
2126
|
+
<span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># We're in conservative spawning mode. We don't need to do anything.</span></span>
|
|
2127
|
+
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
|
|
2128
|
+
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
|
|
2129
|
+
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
|
|
2130
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that Phusion Passenger automatically reestablishes the connection to the
|
|
2131
|
+
database upon creating a new worker process, which is why you normally do not
|
|
2132
|
+
encounter any database issues when using smart spawning mode.</p></div>
|
|
2133
|
+
<h4 id="_example_1_memcached_connection_sharing_harmful">10.3.1. Example 1: Memcached connection sharing (harmful)</h4>
|
|
2134
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose we have a Rails application that connects to a Memcached server in
|
|
2135
|
+
<em>environment.rb</em>. This causes the ApplicationSpawner to have a socket connection
|
|
2136
|
+
(file descriptor) to the Memcached server, as shown in the following figure:</p></div>
|
|
2137
|
+
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
2138
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
2139
|
+
<pre><tt>+--------------------+
|
|
2140
|
+
| ApplicationSpawner |-----------[Memcached server]
|
|
2141
|
+
+--------------------+</tt></pre>
|
|
2142
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
2143
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger then proceeds with creating a new Rails worker process, which
|
|
2144
|
+
is to process incoming HTTP requests. The result will look like this:</p></div>
|
|
2145
|
+
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
2146
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
2147
|
+
<pre><tt>+--------------------+
|
|
2148
|
+
| ApplicationSpawner |------+----[Memcached server]
|
|
2149
|
+
+--------------------+ |
|
|
2150
|
+
|
|
|
2151
|
+
+--------------------+ |
|
|
2152
|
+
| Worker process 1 |-----/
|
|
2153
|
+
+--------------------+</tt></pre>
|
|
2154
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
2155
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Since a <em>fork()</em> makes a (virtual) complete copy of a process, all its file
|
|
2156
|
+
descriptors will be copied as well. What we see here is that ApplicationSpawner
|
|
2157
|
+
and Worker process 1 both share the same connection to Memcached.</p></div>
|
|
2158
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Now supposed that your site gets Slashdotted and Phusion Passenger needs to
|
|
2159
|
+
spawn another worker process. It does so by forking ApplicationSpawner. The
|
|
2160
|
+
result is now as follows:</p></div>
|
|
2161
|
+
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
2162
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
2163
|
+
<pre><tt>+--------------------+
|
|
2164
|
+
| ApplicationSpawner |------+----[Memcached server]
|
|
2165
|
+
+--------------------+ |
|
|
2166
|
+
|
|
|
2167
|
+
+--------------------+ |
|
|
2168
|
+
| Worker process 1 |-----/|
|
|
2169
|
+
+--------------------+ |
|
|
2170
|
+
|
|
|
2171
|
+
+--------------------+ |
|
|
2172
|
+
| Worker process 2 |-----/
|
|
2173
|
+
+--------------------+</tt></pre>
|
|
2174
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
2175
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>As you can see, Worker process 1 and Worker process 2 have the same Memcache
|
|
2176
|
+
connection.</p></div>
|
|
2177
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose that users Joe and Jane visit your website at the same time. Joe’s
|
|
2178
|
+
request is handled by Worker process 1, and Jane’s request is handled by Worker
|
|
2179
|
+
process 2. Both worker processes want to fetch something from Memcached. Suppose
|
|
2180
|
+
that in order to do that, both handlers need to send a "FETCH" command to Memcached.</p></div>
|
|
2181
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>But suppose that, after worker process 1 having only sent "FE", a context switch
|
|
2182
|
+
occurs, and worker process 2 starts sending a "FETCH" command to Memcached as
|
|
2183
|
+
well. If worker process 2 succeeds in sending only one bye, <em>F</em>, then Memcached
|
|
2184
|
+
will receive a command which begins with "FEF", a command that it does not
|
|
2185
|
+
recognize. In other words: the data from both handlers get interleaved. And thus
|
|
2186
|
+
Memcached is forced to handle this as an error.</p></div>
|
|
2187
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This problem can be solved by reestablishing the connection to Memcached after forking:</p></div>
|
|
2188
|
+
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
2189
|
+
<div class="content">
|
|
2190
|
+
<pre><tt>+--------------------+
|
|
2191
|
+
| ApplicationSpawner |------+----[Memcached server]
|
|
2192
|
+
+--------------------+ | |
|
|
2193
|
+
| |
|
|
2194
|
+
+--------------------+ | |
|
|
2195
|
+
| Worker process 1 |-----/| |
|
|
2196
|
+
+--------------------+ | | <--- created this
|
|
2197
|
+
X | new
|
|
2198
|
+
| connection
|
|
2199
|
+
X <-- closed this |
|
|
2200
|
+
+--------------------+ | old |
|
|
2201
|
+
| Worker process 2 |-----/ connection |
|
|
2202
|
+
+--------------------+ |
|
|
2203
|
+
| |
|
|
2204
|
+
+-------------------------------------+</tt></pre>
|
|
2205
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
2206
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Worker process 2 now has its own, separate communication channel with Memcached.
|
|
2207
|
+
The code in <em>environment.rb</em> looks like this:</p></div>
|
|
2208
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2209
|
+
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
|
|
2210
|
+
by Lorenzo Bettini
|
|
2211
|
+
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
|
|
2212
|
+
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
|
|
2213
|
+
<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">if</span></span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">defined</span></span><span style="color: #990000">?(</span>PhusionPassenger<span style="color: #990000">)</span>
|
|
2214
|
+
PhusionPassenger<span style="color: #990000">.</span>on_event<span style="color: #990000">(:</span>starting_worker_process<span style="color: #990000">)</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">do</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">|</span>forked<span style="color: #990000">|</span>
|
|
2215
|
+
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">if</span></span> forked
|
|
2216
|
+
<span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># We're in smart spawning mode.</span></span>
|
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2217
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+
reestablish_connection_to_memcached
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+
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">else</span></span>
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2219
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<span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># We're in conservative spawning mode. We don't need to do anything.</span></span>
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<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
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<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
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<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
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<h4 id="_example_2_log_file_sharing_not_harmful">10.3.2. Example 2: Log file sharing (not harmful)</h4>
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<div class="paragraph"><p>There are also cases in which unintential file descriptor sharing is not harmful.
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One such case is log file file descriptor sharing. Even if two processes write
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+
to the log file at the same time, the worst thing that can happen is that the
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data in the log file is interleaved.</p></div>
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<div class="paragraph"><p>To guarantee that the data written to the log file is never interleaved, you
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+
must synchronize write access via an inter-process synchronization mechanism,
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+
such as file locks. Reopening the log file, like you would have done in the
|
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Memcached example, doesn’t help.</p></div>
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<h3 id="_smart_spawning_gotcha_2_the_need_to_revive_threads">10.4. Smart spawning gotcha #2: the need to revive threads</h3>
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+
<div class="paragraph"><p>Another part of the <em>fork()</em> system call’s semantics is the fact that threads
|
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+
disappear after a fork call. So if you’ve created any threads in environment.rb,
|
|
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|
+
then those threads will no longer be running in newly created worker process.
|
|
2236
|
+
You need to revive them when a new worker process is created. Use the
|
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2237
|
+
<tt>:starting_worker_process</tt> event that Phusion Passenger provides, like this:</p></div>
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+
<div class="listingblock">
|
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+
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
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+
by Lorenzo Bettini
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+
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
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+
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
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+
<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">if</span></span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">defined</span></span><span style="color: #990000">?(</span>PhusionPassenger<span style="color: #990000">)</span>
|
|
2244
|
+
PhusionPassenger<span style="color: #990000">.</span>on_event<span style="color: #990000">(:</span>starting_worker_process<span style="color: #990000">)</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">do</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">|</span>forked<span style="color: #990000">|</span>
|
|
2245
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+
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">if</span></span> forked
|
|
2246
|
+
<span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># We're in smart spawning mode.</span></span>
|
|
2247
|
+
<span style="color: #990000">...</span> code to revive threads here <span style="color: #990000">...</span>
|
|
2248
|
+
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">else</span></span>
|
|
2249
|
+
<span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># We're in conservative spawning mode. We don't need to do anything.</span></span>
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2250
|
+
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
|
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2251
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+
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
|
|
2252
|
+
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
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|
+
<h3 id="_smart_spawning_gotcha_3_code_load_order">10.5. Smart spawning gotcha #3: code load order</h3>
|
|
2254
|
+
<div class="paragraph"><p>This gotcha is only applicable to the <em>smart</em> spawn method, not the <em>smart-lv2</em>
|
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|
+
spawn method.</p></div>
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+
<div class="paragraph"><p>If your application expects the Rails framework to be not loaded during the
|
|
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+
beginning of <em>environment.rb</em>, then it can cause problems when an
|
|
2258
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+
ApplicationSpawner is created from a FrameworkSpawner, which already has the
|
|
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+
Rails framework loaded. The most common case is when applications try to patch
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+
Rails by dropping a modified file that has the same name as Rails’s own file,
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+
in a path that comes earlier in the Ruby search path.</p></div>
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<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, suppose that we have an application which has a patched version
|
|
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+
of <em>active_record/base.rb</em> located in <em>RAILS_ROOT/lib/patches</em>, and
|
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|
+
<em>RAILS_ROOT/lib/patches</em> comes first in the Ruby load path. When conservative
|
|
2265
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+
spawning is used, the patched version of <em>base.rb</em> is properly loaded. When
|
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+
<em>smart</em> (not <em>smart-lv2</em>) spawning is used, the original <em>base.rb</em> is used
|
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+
because it was already loaded, so a subsequent <tt>require "active_record/base"</tt>
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|
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has no effect.</p></div>
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</div>
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<div id="footer">
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<div id="footer-text">
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Last updated 2009-04-16 19:42:11 CEST
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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