openstudio-standards 0.2.16 → 0.2.17.rc1

data/lib/openstudio-standards/standards/ashrae_90_1_prm/ashrae_90_1_prm.AirLoopHVAC.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,792 @@
+class ASHRAE901PRM < Standard
+  # @!group AirLoopHVAC
+
+  # Shut off the system during unoccupied periods.
+  # During these times, systems will cycle on briefly if temperature drifts below setpoint.
+  # If the system already has a schedule other than Always-On, no change will be made.
+  # If the system has an Always-On schedule assigned, a new schedule will be created.
+  # In this case, occupied is defined as the total percent occupancy for the loop for all zones served.
+  # For stable baseline, schedule is Always-On for computer rooms and when health and safety exception is used
+  #
+  # @param air_loop_hvac [OpenStudio::Model::AirLoopHVAC] air loop
+  # @param min_occ_pct [Double] the fractional value below which the system will be considered unoccupied.
+  # @return [Bool] returns true if successful, false if not
+  def air_loop_hvac_enable_unoccupied_fan_shutoff(air_loop_hvac, min_occ_pct = 0.05)
+    if air_loop_hvac.additionalProperties.hasFeature('zone_group_type')
+      zone_group_type = air_loop_hvac.additionalProperties.getFeatureAsString('zone_group_type').get
+    else
+      zone_group_type = 'None'
+    end
+
+    if zone_group_type == 'computer_zones'
+      # Computer rooms are exempt from night cycle control
+      return false
+    end
+
+    # Check for user data exceptions for night cycling
+    # If any zone has the exception, then system will not cycle
+    health_safety_exception = false
+    air_loop_hvac.thermalZones.each do |thermal_zone|
+      if thermal_zone.additionalProperties.hasFeature('has_health_safety_night_cycle_exception')
+        exception = thermal_zone.additionalProperties.getFeatureAsBoolean('has_health_safety_night_cycle_exception').get
+        return false if exception == true
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Set the system to night cycle
+    # The fan of a parallel PIU terminal are set to only cycle during heating operation
+    # This is achieved using the CycleOnAnyCoolingOrHeatingZone; During cooling operation
+    # the load is met by running the central system which stays off during heating
+    # operation
+    air_loop_hvac.setNightCycleControlType('CycleOnAny')
+    if air_loop_hvac_has_parallel_piu_air_terminals?(air_loop_hvac)
+      avail_mgrs = air_loop_hvac.availabilityManagers
+      if !avail_mgrs.nil?
+        avail_mgrs.each do |avail_mgr|
+          if avail_mgr.to_AvailabilityManagerNightCycle.is_initialized
+            avail_mgr_nc = avail_mgr.to_AvailabilityManagerNightCycle.get
+            avail_mgr_nc.setControlType('CycleOnAnyCoolingOrHeatingZone')
+            zones = air_loop_hvac.thermalZones
+            avail_mgr_nc.setCoolingControlThermalZones(zones)
+            avail_mgr_nc.setHeatingZoneFansOnlyThermalZones(zones)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    model = air_loop_hvac.model
+    # Check if schedule was stored in an additionalProperties field of the air loop
+    air_loop_name = air_loop_hvac.name
+    if air_loop_hvac.hasAdditionalProperties
+      if air_loop_hvac.additionalProperties.hasFeature('fan_sched_name')
+        fan_sched_name = air_loop_hvac.additionalProperties.getFeatureAsString('fan_sched_name').get
+        fan_sched = model.getScheduleRulesetByName(fan_sched_name).get
+        air_loop_hvac.setAvailabilitySchedule(fan_sched)
+        return true
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Check if already using a schedule other than always on
+    avail_sch = air_loop_hvac.availabilitySchedule
+    unless avail_sch == air_loop_hvac.model.alwaysOnDiscreteSchedule
+      OpenStudio.logFree(OpenStudio::Info, 'openstudio.standards.AirLoopHVAC', "For #{air_loop_hvac.name}: Availability schedule is already set to #{avail_sch.name}.  Will assume this includes unoccupied shut down; no changes will be made.")
+      return true
+    end
+
+    # Get the airloop occupancy schedule
+    loop_occ_sch = air_loop_hvac_get_occupancy_schedule(air_loop_hvac, occupied_percentage_threshold: min_occ_pct)
+    flh = schedule_ruleset_annual_equivalent_full_load_hrs(loop_occ_sch)
+    OpenStudio.logFree(OpenStudio::Info, 'openstudio.standards.AirLoopHVAC', "For #{air_loop_hvac.name}: Annual occupied hours = #{flh.round} hr/yr, assuming a #{min_occ_pct} occupancy threshold.  This schedule will be used as the HVAC operation schedule.")
+
+    # Set HVAC availability schedule to follow occupancy
+    air_loop_hvac.setAvailabilitySchedule(loop_occ_sch)
+    air_loop_hvac.supplyComponents.each do |comp|
+      if comp.to_AirLoopHVACUnitaryHeatPumpAirToAirMultiSpeed.is_initialized
+        comp.to_AirLoopHVACUnitaryHeatPumpAirToAirMultiSpeed.get.setSupplyAirFanOperatingModeSchedule(loop_occ_sch)
+      elsif comp.to_AirLoopHVACUnitarySystem.is_initialized
+        comp.to_AirLoopHVACUnitarySystem.get.setSupplyAirFanOperatingModeSchedule(loop_occ_sch)
+      end
+    end
+
+    return true
+  end
+
+  # Determine if the system is a multizone VAV system
+  #
+  # @return [Bool] Returns true if required, false if not.
+  def air_loop_hvac_multizone_vav_system?(air_loop_hvac)
+    return true if air_loop_hvac.name.to_s.include?('Sys5') || air_loop_hvac.name.to_s.include?('Sys6') || air_loop_hvac.name.to_s.include?('Sys7') || air_loop_hvac.name.to_s.include?('Sys8')
+
+    return false
+  end
+
+  # Determine if multizone vav optimization is required.
+  # Not required for stable baseline.
+  #
+  # @param air_loop_hvac [OpenStudio::Model::AirLoopHVAC] air loop
+  # @param climate_zone [String] ASHRAE climate zone, e.g. 'ASHRAE 169-2013-4A'
+  # @return [Bool] returns true if required, false if not
+  def air_loop_hvac_multizone_vav_optimization_required?(air_loop_hvac, climate_zone)
+    multizone_opt_required = false
+    return multizone_opt_required
+  end
+
+  # Determine whether the VAV damper control is single maximum or dual maximum control.
+  # Defaults to Single Maximum for stable baseline.
+  #
+  # @param air_loop_hvac [OpenStudio::Model::AirLoopHVAC] air loop
+  # @return [String] the damper control type: Single Maximum, Dual Maximum
+  def air_loop_hvac_vav_damper_action(air_loop_hvac)
+    damper_action = 'Single Maximum'
+    return damper_action
+  end
+
+  # Default occupancy fraction threshold for determining if the spaces on the air loop are occupied
+  def air_loop_hvac_unoccupied_threshold
+    # Use 10% based on PRM-RM
+    return 0.10
+  end
+
+  # Determine if the system economizer must be integrated or not.
+  # Always required for stable baseline if there is an economizer
+  #
+  # @param air_loop_hvac [OpenStudio::Model::AirLoopHVAC] air loop
+  # @param climate_zone [String] ASHRAE climate zone, e.g. 'ASHRAE 169-2013-4A'
+  # @return [Bool] returns true if required, false if not
+  def air_loop_hvac_integrated_economizer_required?(air_loop_hvac, climate_zone)
+    return true
+  end
+
+  # Determine the economizer type and limits for the the PRM
+  # Defaults to 90.1-2007 logic.
+  #
+  # @param air_loop_hvac [OpenStudio::Model::AirLoopHVAC] air loop
+  # @param climate_zone [String] ASHRAE climate zone, e.g. 'ASHRAE 169-2013-4A'
+  # @return [Array<Double>] [economizer_type, drybulb_limit_f, enthalpy_limit_btu_per_lb, dewpoint_limit_f]
+  def air_loop_hvac_prm_economizer_type_and_limits(air_loop_hvac, climate_zone)
+    economizer_type = 'NoEconomizer'
+    drybulb_limit_f = nil
+    enthalpy_limit_btu_per_lb = nil
+    dewpoint_limit_f = nil
+    climate_zone_code = climate_zone.split('-')[-1]
+
+    if ['0B', '1B', '2B', '3B', '3C', '4B', '4C', '5B', '5C', '6B', '7A', '7B', '8A', '8B'].include? climate_zone_code
+      economizer_type = 'FixedDryBulb'
+      drybulb_limit_f = 75
+    elsif ['5A', '6A'].include? climate_zone_code
+      economizer_type = 'FixedDryBulb'
+      drybulb_limit_f = 70
+    end
+
+    return [economizer_type, drybulb_limit_f, enthalpy_limit_btu_per_lb, dewpoint_limit_f]
+  end
+
+  # Determine if an economizer is required per the PRM.
+  #
+  # @param air_loop_hvac [OpenStudio::Model::AirLoopHVAC] air loop
+  # @param climate_zone [String] ASHRAE climate zone, e.g. 'ASHRAE 169-2013-4A'
+  # @return [Bool] returns true if required, false if not
+  def air_loop_hvac_prm_baseline_economizer_required?(air_loop_hvac, climate_zone)
+    economizer_required = false
+    baseline_system_type = air_loop_hvac.additionalProperties.getFeatureAsString('baseline_system_type').get
+    climate_zone_code = climate_zone.split('-')[-1]
+    # System type 3 through 8 and 11, 12 and 13
+    if ['SZ_AC', 'PSZ_AC', 'PVAV_Reheat', 'VAV_Reheat', 'SZ_VAV', 'PSZ_HP', 'SZ_CV', 'PSZ_HP', 'PVAV_PFP_Boxes', 'VAV_PFP_Boxes'].include? baseline_system_type
+      unless ['0A', '0B', '1A', '1B', '2A', '3A', '4A'].include? climate_zone_code
+        economizer_required = true
+      end
+    end
+
+    # System type 3 and 4 in computer rooms are subject to exceptions
+    if baseline_system_type == 'PSZ_AC' || baseline_system_type == 'PSZ_HP'
+      if air_loop_hvac.additionalProperties.hasFeature('zone_group_type')
+        if air_loop_hvac.additionalProperties.getFeatureAsString('zone_group_type').get == 'computer_zones'
+          economizer_required = false
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Check user_data in the zones
+    gas_phase_exception = false
+    open_refrigeration_exception = false
+    air_loop_hvac.thermalZones.each do |thermal_zone|
+      if thermal_zone.additionalProperties.hasFeature('economizer_exception_for_gas_phase_air_cleaning')
+        gas_phase_exception = true
+      end
+      if thermal_zone.additionalProperties.hasFeature('economizer_exception_for_open_refrigerated_cases')
+        open_refrigeration_exception = true
+      end
+    end
+    if gas_phase_exception || open_refrigeration_exception
+      economizer_required = false
+    end
+    return economizer_required
+  end
+
+  # Set fan curve for stable baseline to be VSD with fixed static pressure setpoint
+  # @return [string] name of appropriate curve for this code version
+  def air_loop_hvac_set_vsd_curve_type
+    return 'Multi Zone VAV with VSD and Fixed SP Setpoint'
+  end
+
+  # Calculate and apply the performance rating method
+  # baseline fan power to this air loop based on the
+  # system type that it represents.
+  #
+  # Fan motor efficiency will be set, and then
+  # fan pressure rise adjusted so that the
+  # fan power is the maximum allowable.
+  #
+  # Also adjusts the fan power and flow rates
+  # of any parallel PIU terminals on the system.
+  #
+  # return [Bool] true if successful, false if not.
+  def air_loop_hvac_apply_prm_baseline_fan_power(air_loop_hvac)
+    # Get system type associated with air loop
+    system_type = air_loop_hvac.additionalProperties.getFeatureAsString('baseline_system_type').get
+
+    # Find out if air loop represents a non mechanically cooled system
+    is_nmc = false
+    is_nmc = true if air_loop_hvac.additionalProperties.hasFeature('non_mechanically_cooled')
+
+    # Get all air loop fans
+    all_fans = air_loop_hvac_supply_return_exhaust_relief_fans(air_loop_hvac)
+
+    allowable_fan_bhp = 0.0
+    allowable_power_w = 0.0
+    fan_efficacy_w_per_cfm = 0.0
+    supply_fan_power_fraction = 0.0
+    return_fan_power_fraction = 0.0
+    relief_fan_power_fraction = 0.0
+    if system_type == 'PSZ_AC' ||
+       system_type == 'PSZ_HP' ||
+       system_type == 'PVAV_Reheat' ||
+       system_type == 'PVAV_PFP_Boxes' ||
+       system_type == 'VAV_Reheat' ||
+       system_type == 'VAV_PFP_Boxes' ||
+       system_type == 'SZ_VAV' ||
+       system_type == 'SZ_CV'
+
+      # Calculate the allowable fan motor bhp for the air loop
+      allowable_fan_bhp = air_loop_hvac_allowable_system_brake_horsepower(air_loop_hvac)
+
+      # Divide the allowable power based
+      # individual zone air flow
+      air_loop_total_zone_design_airflow = 0
+      air_loop_hvac.thermalZones.sort.each do |zone|
+        zone_air_flow = zone.designAirFlowRate.to_f
+        air_loop_total_zone_design_airflow += zone_air_flow
+        # Fractions variables are actually power at that point
+        supply_fan_power_fraction += zone_air_flow * zone.additionalProperties.getFeatureAsDouble('supply_fan_w').get
+        return_fan_power_fraction += zone_air_flow * zone.additionalProperties.getFeatureAsDouble('return_fan_w').get
+        relief_fan_power_fraction += zone_air_flow * zone.additionalProperties.getFeatureAsDouble('relief_fan_w').get
+      end
+      if air_loop_total_zone_design_airflow > 0
+        # Get average power for each category of fan
+        supply_fan_power_fraction /= air_loop_total_zone_design_airflow
+        return_fan_power_fraction /= air_loop_total_zone_design_airflow
+        relief_fan_power_fraction /= air_loop_total_zone_design_airflow
+        # Convert to power fraction
+        total_fan_avg_fan_w = (supply_fan_power_fraction + return_fan_power_fraction + relief_fan_power_fraction)
+        supply_fan_power_fraction /= total_fan_avg_fan_w
+        return_fan_power_fraction /= total_fan_avg_fan_w
+        relief_fan_power_fraction /= total_fan_avg_fan_w
+      else
+        Openstudio.logFree(OpenStudio::Error, "Total zone design airflow for #{air_loop_hvac.name} is 0.")
+      end
+    elsif system_type == 'PTAC' ||
+          system_type == 'PTHP' ||
+          system_type == 'Gas_Furnace' ||
+          system_type == 'Electric_Furnace'
+
+      # Determine allowable fan power
+      if !is_nmc
+        fan_efficacy_w_per_cfm = 0.3
+      else # is_nmc
+        fan_efficacy_w_per_cfm = 0.054
+      end
+
+      # Configuration is supply fan only
+      supply_fan_power_fraction = 1.0
+    end
+
+    supply_fan = air_loop_hvac_get_supply_fan(air_loop_hvac)
+    if supply_fan.nil?
+      OpenStudio.logFree(OpenStudio::Error, 'openstudio.ashrae_90_1_prm.AirLoopHVAC', "Supply not found on #{airloop.name}.")
+    end
+    supply_fan_max_flow = if supply_fan.autosizedMaximumFlowRate.is_initialized
+                            supply_fan.autosizedMaximumFlowRate.get
+                          else
+                            supply_fan.maximumFlowRate.get
+                          end
+
+    # Check that baseline system has the same
+    # types of fans as the proposed model, if
+    # not, create them. We assume that the
+    # system has at least a supply fan.
+    if return_fan_power_fraction > 0.0 && !air_loop_hvac.returnFan.is_initialized
+      # Create return fan
+      return_fan = supply_fan.clone(air_loop_hvac.model)
+      if return_fan.to_FanConstantVolume.is_initialized
+        return_fan = return_fan.to_FanConstantVolume.get
+      elsif return_fan.to_FanVariableVolume.is_initialized
+        return_fan = return_fan.to_FanVariableVolume.get
+      elsif return_fan.to_FanOnOff.is_initialized
+        return_fan = return_fan.to_FanOnOff.get
+      elsif return_fan.to_FanSystemModel.is_initialized
+        return_fan = return_fan.to_FanSystemModel.get
+      end
+      return_fan.setName("#{air_loop_hvac.name} Return Fan")
+      return_fan.addToNode(air_loop_hvac.returnAirNode.get)
+      return_fan.setMaximumFlowRate(supply_fan_max_flow)
+    end
+    if relief_fan_power_fraction > 0.0 && !air_loop_hvac.reliefFan.is_initialized
+      # Create return fan
+      relief_fan = supply_fan.clone(air_loop_hvac.model)
+      if relief_fan.to_FanConstantVolume.is_initialized
+        relief_fan = relief_fan.to_FanConstantVolume.get
+      elsif relief_fan.to_FanVariableVolume.is_initialized
+        relief_fan = relief_fan.to_FanVariableVolume.get
+      elsif relief_fan.to_FanOnOff.is_initialized
+        relief_fan = relief_fan.to_FanOnOff.get
+      elsif relief_fan.to_FanSystemModel.is_initialized
+        relief_fan = relief_fan.to_FanSystemModel.get
+      end
+      relief_fan.setName("#{air_loop_hvac.name} Relief Fan")
+      relief_fan.addToNode(air_loop_hvac.reliefAirNode.get)
+      relief_fan.setMaximumFlowRate(supply_fan_max_flow)
+    end
+
+    # Get all air loop fans
+    all_fans = air_loop_hvac_supply_return_exhaust_relief_fans(air_loop_hvac)
+
+    # Set the motor efficiencies
+    # for all fans based on the calculated
+    # allowed brake hp.  Then calculate the allowable
+    # fan power for each fan and adjust
+    # the fan pressure rise accordingly
+    all_fans.each do |fan|
+      # Efficacy requirement
+      if fan_efficacy_w_per_cfm > 0
+        # Convert efficacy to metric
+        fan_efficacy_w_per_m3_per_s = OpenStudio.convert(fan_efficacy_w_per_cfm, 'm^3/s', 'cfm').get
+        fan_change_impeller_efficiency(fan, fan_baseline_impeller_efficiency(fan))
+
+        # Get fan BHP
+        fan_bhp = fan_brake_horsepower(fan)
+
+        # Set the motor efficiency, preserving the impeller efficiency.
+        # For zone HVAC fans, a bhp lookup of 0.5bhp is always used because
+        # they are assumed to represent a series of small fans in reality.
+        fan_apply_standard_minimum_motor_efficiency(fan, fan_bhp)
+
+        # Calculate a new pressure rise to hit the target W/cfm
+        fan_tot_eff = fan.fanEfficiency
+        fan_rise_new_pa = fan_efficacy_w_per_m3_per_s * fan_tot_eff
+        fan.setPressureRise(fan_rise_new_pa)
+      end
+
+      # BHP requirements
+      if allowable_fan_bhp > 0
+        fan_apply_standard_minimum_motor_efficiency(fan, allowable_fan_bhp)
+        allowable_power_w = allowable_fan_bhp * 746 / fan.motorEfficiency
+
+        # Breakdown fan power based on fan type
+        if supply_fan.name.to_s == fan.name.to_s
+          allowable_power_w *= supply_fan_power_fraction
+        elsif fan.airLoopHVAC.is_initialized
+          if fan.airLoopHVAC.get.returnFan.is_initialized
+            if fan.airLoopHVAC.get.returnFan.get.name.to_s == fan.name.to_s
+              allowable_power_w *= return_fan_power_fraction
+            end
+          end
+          if fan.airLoopHVAC.get.reliefFan.is_initialized
+            if fan.airLoopHVAC.get.reliefFan.get.name.to_s == fan.name.to_s
+              allowable_power_w *= relief_fan_power_fraction
+            end
+          end
+        end
+        fan_adjust_pressure_rise_to_meet_fan_power(fan, allowable_power_w)
+      end
+    end
+
+    return true unless system_type == 'PVAV_PFP_Boxes' || system_type == 'VAV_PFP_Boxes'
+
+    # Adjust fan powered terminal fans power
+    air_loop_hvac.demandComponents.each do |dc|
+      next if dc.to_AirTerminalSingleDuctParallelPIUReheat.empty?
+
+      pfp_term = dc.to_AirTerminalSingleDuctParallelPIUReheat.get
+      air_terminal_single_duct_parallel_piu_reheat_apply_prm_baseline_fan_power(pfp_term)
+    end
+
+    return true
+  end
+
+  # Determine the allowable fan system brake horsepower
+  # Per Section G3.1.2.9
+  #
+  # @return [Double] allowable fan system brake horsepower
+  #   units = horsepower
+  def air_loop_hvac_allowable_system_brake_horsepower(air_loop_hvac)
+    # Get design supply air flow rate (whether autosized or hard-sized)
+    dsn_air_flow_m3_per_s = 0
+    dsn_air_flow_cfm = 0
+    if air_loop_hvac.autosizedDesignSupplyAirFlowRate.is_initialized
+      dsn_air_flow_m3_per_s = air_loop_hvac.autosizedDesignSupplyAirFlowRate.get
+      dsn_air_flow_cfm = OpenStudio.convert(dsn_air_flow_m3_per_s, 'm^3/s', 'cfm').get
+      OpenStudio.logFree(OpenStudio::Debug, 'openstudio.ashrae_90_1_prm.AirLoopHVAC', "* #{dsn_air_flow_cfm.round} cfm = Autosized Design Supply Air Flow Rate.")
+    else
+      dsn_air_flow_m3_per_s = air_loop_hvac.designSupplyAirFlowRate.get
+      dsn_air_flow_cfm = OpenStudio.convert(dsn_air_flow_m3_per_s, 'm^3/s', 'cfm').get
+      OpenStudio.logFree(OpenStudio::Debug, 'openstudio.ashrae_90_1_prm.AirLoopHVAC', "* #{dsn_air_flow_cfm.round} cfm = Hard sized Design Supply Air Flow Rate.")
+    end
+
+    # Get the fan limitation pressure drop adjustment bhp
+    fan_pwr_adjustment_bhp = air_loop_hvac_fan_power_limitation_pressure_drop_adjustment_brake_horsepower(air_loop_hvac)
+
+    # Get system type associated with air loop
+    system_type = air_loop_hvac.additionalProperties.getFeatureAsString('baseline_system_type').get
+
+    # Calculate the Allowable Fan System brake horsepower per Table G3.1.2.9
+    allowable_fan_bhp = 0.0
+    case system_type
+      when 'PSZ_HP', 'PSZ_AC' # 3, 4
+        allowable_fan_bhp = dsn_air_flow_cfm * 0.00094 + fan_pwr_adjustment_bhp
+      when
+           'PVAV_Reheat', 'PVAV_PFP_Boxes', # 5, 6
+           'VAV_Reheat', 'VAV_PFP_Boxes', # 7, 8
+           'SZ_VAV' # 11
+        allowable_fan_bhp = dsn_air_flow_cfm * 0.0013 + fan_pwr_adjustment_bhp
+      when
+           'SZ_CV' # 12, 13
+        allowable_fan_bhp = dsn_air_flow_cfm * 0.00094 + fan_pwr_adjustment_bhp
+      else
+        OpenStudio.logFree(OpenStudio::Error, 'openstudio.ashrae_90_1_prm.AirLoopHVAC', "Air loop #{air_loop_hvac.name} is not associated with a baseline system.")
+    end
+
+    return allowable_fan_bhp
+  end
+
+  # Check if an air loop in user model needs to have DCV per air loop related requiremends in ASHRAE 90.1-2019 6.4.3.8
+  #
+  # @author Xuechen (Jerry) Lei, PNNL
+  # @param air_loop_hvac [OpenStudio::Model::AirLoopHVAC] air loop
+  # @return [Boolean] flag of whether air loop in user model is required to have DCV
+  def user_model_air_loop_hvac_demand_control_ventilation_required?(air_loop_hvac)
+    # all zones in the same airloop in user model are set with the same value, so use the first zone under the loop
+    dcv_airloop_user_exception = air_loop_hvac.thermalZones[0].additionalProperties.getFeatureAsBoolean('airloop user specified DCV exception').get
+    return false if dcv_airloop_user_exception
+
+    # check the following conditions at airloop level
+    # has air economizer OR design outdoor airflow > 3000 cfm
+
+    has_economizer = air_loop_hvac_economizer?(air_loop_hvac)
+
+    if air_loop_hvac.airLoopHVACOutdoorAirSystem.is_initialized
+      oa_flow_m3_per_s = get_airloop_hvac_design_oa_from_sql(air_loop_hvac)
+    else
+      OpenStudio.logFree(OpenStudio::Info, 'openstudio.standards.AirLoopHVAC', "For #{air_loop_hvac.name}, DCV not applicable because it has no OA intake.")
+      return false
+    end
+    oa_flow_cfm = OpenStudio.convert(oa_flow_m3_per_s, 'm^3/s', 'cfm').get
+
+    any_zones_req_dcv = false
+    air_loop_hvac.thermalZones.sort.each do |zone|
+      if user_model_zone_demand_control_ventilation_required?(zone)
+        any_zones_req_dcv = true
+        break
+      end
+    end
+
+    return true if any_zones_req_dcv && (has_economizer || (oa_flow_cfm > 3000))
+
+    return false
+  end
+
+  # Check if a zone in user model needs to have DCV per zone related requiremends in ASHRAE 90.1-2019 6.4.3.8
+  # @author Xuechen (Jerry) Lei, PNNL
+  # @param thermal_zone [OpenStudio::Model::ThermalZone] the thermal zone
+  # @return [Boolean] flag of whether thermal zone in user model is required to have DCV
+  def user_model_zone_demand_control_ventilation_required?(thermal_zone)
+    dcv_zone_user_exception = thermal_zone.additionalProperties.getFeatureAsBoolean('zone user specified DCV exception').get
+    return false if dcv_zone_user_exception
+
+    # check the following conditions at zone level
+    # zone > 500 sqft AND design occ > 25 ppl/ksqft
+
+    area_served_m2 = 0
+    num_people = 0
+    thermal_zone.spaces.each do |space|
+      area_served_m2 += space.floorArea
+      num_people += space.numberOfPeople
+    end
+    area_served_ft2 = OpenStudio.convert(area_served_m2, 'm^2', 'ft^2').get
+    occ_per_1000_ft2 = num_people / area_served_ft2 * 1000
+
+    return true if (area_served_ft2 > 500) && (occ_per_1000_ft2 > 25)
+
+    return false
+  end
+
+  # Check if the air loop in baseline model needs to have DCV
+  #
+  # @author Xuechen (Jerry) Lei, PNNL
+  # @param air_loop_hvac [OpenStudio::Model::AirLoopHVAC] air loop
+  # @return [Boolean] flag of whether the air loop in baseline is required to have DCV
+  def baseline_air_loop_hvac_demand_control_ventilation_required?(air_loop_hvac)
+    any_zone_req_dcv = false
+    air_loop_hvac.thermalZones.each do |zone|
+      if baseline_thermal_zone_demand_control_ventilation_required?(zone)
+        any_zone_req_dcv = true
+      end
+    end
+    return any_zone_req_dcv # baseline airloop needs dcv if any zone it serves needs dcv
+  end
+
+  # Check if the thermal zone in baseline model needs to have DCV
+  #
+  # @author Xuechen (Jerry) Lei, PNNL
+  # @param thermal_zone [OpenStudio::Model::ThermalZone] the thermal zone
+  # @return [Boolean] flag of whether thermal zone in baseline is required to have DCV
+  def baseline_thermal_zone_demand_control_ventilation_required?(thermal_zone)
+    # zone needs dcv if user model has dcv and baseline does not meet apxg exception
+    if thermal_zone.additionalProperties.hasFeature('apxg no need to have DCV')
+      # meaning it was served by an airloop in the user model, does not mean much here, conditional as a safeguard
+      # in case it was not served by an airloop in the user model
+      if !thermal_zone.additionalProperties.getFeatureAsBoolean('apxg no need to have DCV').get && # does not meet apxg exception (need to have dcv if user model has it
+         thermal_zone.additionalProperties.getFeatureAsBoolean('zone DCV implemented in user model').get
+        return true
+      end
+    end
+    return false
+  end
+
+  # Get the air loop HVAC design outdoor air flow rate by reading Standard 62.1 Summary from the sizing sql
+  # @author Xuechen (Jerry) Lei, PNNL
+  # @param air_loop_hvac [OpenStudio::Model::AirLoopHVAC] air loop
+  # @return [Float] Design outdoor air flow rate (m^3/s)
+  def get_airloop_hvac_design_oa_from_sql(air_loop_hvac)
+    return false unless air_loop_hvac.airLoopHVACOutdoorAirSystem.is_initialized
+
+    cooling_oa = air_loop_hvac.model.sqlFile.get.execAndReturnFirstDouble(
+      "SELECT Value FROM TabularDataWithStrings WHERE ReportName='Standard62.1Summary' AND ReportForString='Entire Facility' AND TableName = 'System Ventilation Requirements for Cooling' AND ColumnName LIKE 'Outdoor Air Intake Flow%Vot' AND RowName='#{air_loop_hvac.name.to_s.upcase}'"
+    )
+    heating_oa = air_loop_hvac.model.sqlFile.get.execAndReturnFirstDouble(
+      "SELECT Value FROM TabularDataWithStrings WHERE ReportName='Standard62.1Summary' AND ReportForString='Entire Facility' AND TableName = 'System Ventilation Requirements for Heating' AND ColumnName LIKE 'Outdoor Air Intake Flow%Vot' AND RowName='#{air_loop_hvac.name.to_s.upcase}'"
+    )
+    return [cooling_oa.to_f, heating_oa.to_f].max
+  end
+
+  # Set the minimum VAV damper positions.
+  #
+  # @param air_loop_hvac [OpenStudio::Model::AirLoopHVAC] air loop
+  # @param has_ddc [Bool] if true, will assume that there is DDC control of vav terminals.
+  #   If false, assumes otherwise.
+  # @return [Bool] returns true if successful, false if not
+  def air_loop_hvac_apply_minimum_vav_damper_positions(air_loop_hvac, has_ddc = true)
+    air_loop_hvac.thermalZones.each do |zone|
+      zone.equipment.each do |equip|
+        if equip.to_AirTerminalSingleDuctVAVReheat.is_initialized
+          zone_oa = thermal_zone_outdoor_airflow_rate(zone)
+          vav_terminal = equip.to_AirTerminalSingleDuctVAVReheat.get
+          air_terminal_single_duct_vav_reheat_apply_minimum_damper_position(vav_terminal, zone_oa, has_ddc)
+        elsif equip.to_AirTerminalSingleDuctParallelPIUReheat.is_initialized
+          zone_oa = thermal_zone_outdoor_airflow_rate(zone)
+          fp_vav_terminal = equip.to_AirTerminalSingleDuctParallelPIUReheat.get
+          air_terminal_single_duct_parallel_piu_reheat_apply_minimum_primary_airflow_fraction(fp_vav_terminal, zone_oa)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    return true
+  end
+
+  # Determine the limits for the type of economizer present on the AirLoopHVAC, if any.
+  #
+  # @param air_loop_hvac [OpenStudio::Model::AirLoopHVAC] air loop
+  # @param climate_zone [String] ASHRAE climate zone, e.g. 'ASHRAE 169-2013-4A'
+  # @return [Array<Double>] [drybulb_limit_f, enthalpy_limit_btu_per_lb, dewpoint_limit_f]
+  def air_loop_hvac_economizer_limits(air_loop_hvac, climate_zone)
+    drybulb_limit_f = nil
+    enthalpy_limit_btu_per_lb = nil
+    dewpoint_limit_f = nil
+
+    # Get the OA system and OA controller
+    oa_sys = air_loop_hvac.airLoopHVACOutdoorAirSystem
+    return [nil, nil, nil] unless oa_sys.is_initialized
+
+    oa_sys = oa_sys.get
+    oa_control = oa_sys.getControllerOutdoorAir
+    economizer_type = oa_control.getEconomizerControlType
+
+    case economizer_type
+    when 'NoEconomizer'
+      return [nil, nil, nil]
+    when 'FixedDryBulb'
+      climate_zone_code = climate_zone.split('-')[-1]
+      climate_zone_code = 7 if ['7A', '7B'].include? climate_zone_code
+      climate_zone_code = 8 if ['8A', '8B'].include? climate_zone_code
+      search_criteria = {
+        'template' => template,
+        'climate_id' => climate_zone_code
+      }
+      econ_limits = model_find_object(standards_data['prm_economizers'], search_criteria)
+      drybulb_limit_f = econ_limits['high_limit_shutoff']
+    when 'FixedEnthalpy'
+      enthalpy_limit_btu_per_lb = 28
+    when 'FixedDewPointAndDryBulb'
+      drybulb_limit_f = 75
+      dewpoint_limit_f = 55
+    end
+
+    return [drybulb_limit_f, enthalpy_limit_btu_per_lb, dewpoint_limit_f]
+  end
+
+  # Determine the fan power limitation pressure drop adjustment
+  # Per Table 6.5.3.1-2 (90.1-2019)
+  #
+  # @param air_loop_hvac [OpenStudio::Model::AirLoopHVAC] air loop
+  # @return [Double] fan power limitation pressure drop adjustment, in units of horsepower
+  def air_loop_hvac_fan_power_limitation_pressure_drop_adjustment_brake_horsepower(air_loop_hvac)
+    # Calculate Fan Power Limitation Pressure Drop Adjustment
+    fan_pwr_adjustment_bhp = 0
+
+    # Retrieve climate zone
+    climate_zone = air_loop_hvac.model.getClimateZones.getClimateZone(0)
+
+    # Check if energy recovery is required
+    is_energy_recovery_required = air_loop_hvac_energy_recovery_ventilator_required?(air_loop_hvac, climate_zone)
+
+    system_type = ''
+    # Get baseline system type if applicable
+    if air_loop_hvac.additionalProperties.hasFeature('baseline_system_type')
+      system_type = air_loop_hvac.additionalProperties.getFeatureAsString('baseline_system_type').to_s
+    end
+
+    air_loop_hvac.thermalZones.each do |zone|
+      # Take fan power deductions into account;
+      # Deductions are calculated based on the
+      # baseline model design.
+      # The only deduction that's applicable
+      # is the "System with central electric
+      # resistance heat" for system 6 and 8
+      if system_type == 'PVAV_PFP_Boxes' || system_type == 'VAV_PFP_Boxes'
+        if zone.additionalProperties.hasFeature('has_fan_power_deduction_system_with_central_electric_resistance_heat')
+          current_value = zone.additionalProperties.getFeatureAsDouble('has_fan_power_deduction_system_with_central_electric_resistance_heat')
+          zone.additionalProperties.setFeature('has_fan_power_deduction_system_with_central_electric_resistance_heat', current_value + 1.0)
+        else
+          zone.additionalProperties.setFeature('has_fan_power_deduction_system_with_central_electric_resistance_heat', 1.0)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Determine fan power adjustment
+      fan_pwr_adjustment_bhp += thermal_zone_get_fan_power_limitations(zone, is_energy_recovery_required)
+    end
+
+    return fan_pwr_adjustment_bhp
+  end
+
+  # Set effectiveness value of an ERV's heat exchanger
+  #
+  # @param erv [OpenStudio::Model::HeatExchangerAirToAirSensibleAndLatent] ERV to apply efficiency values
+  # @param erv_type [String] ERV type: ERV or HRV
+  # @param heat_exchanger_type [String] Heat exchanger type: Rotary or Plate
+  # @return [OpenStudio::Model::HeatExchangerAirToAirSensibleAndLatent] ERV to apply efficiency values
+  def air_loop_hvac_apply_energy_recovery_ventilator_efficiency(erv, erv_type: 'ERV', heat_exchanger_type: 'Rotary')
+    heat_exchanger_air_to_air_sensible_and_latent_apply_effectiveness(erv)
+
+    return erv
+  end
+
+  # Determine the airflow limits that govern whether or not an ERV is required.
+  # Based on climate zone and % OA.
+  #
+  # @param air_loop_hvac [OpenStudio::Model::AirLoopHVAC] air loop
+  # @param climate_zone [String] ASHRAE climate zone, e.g. 'ASHRAE 169-2013-4A'
+  # @param pct_oa [Double] percentage of outdoor air
+  # @return [Double] the flow rate above which an ERV is required. if nil, ERV is never required.
+  def air_loop_hvac_energy_recovery_ventilator_flow_limit(air_loop_hvac, climate_zone, pct_oa)
+    if pct_oa < 0.7
+      erv_cfm = nil
+    else
+      # Heating thermostat setpoint threshold
+      temp_c = OpenStudio.convert(60, 'F', 'C').get
+
+      # Check for exceptions for each zone
+      air_loop_hvac.thermalZones.each do |thermal_zone|
+        # Get heating thermosat setpoint and comparing to heating thermostat setpoint threshold
+        tstat = thermal_zone.thermostat.get
+        if tstat.to_ThermostatSetpointDualSetpoint
+          tstat = tstat.to_ThermostatSetpointDualSetpoint.get
+          htg_sch = tstat.getHeatingSchedule
+          if htg_sch.is_initialized
+            htg_sch = htg_sch.get
+            if htg_sch.to_ScheduleRuleset.is_initialized
+              htg_sch = htg_sch.to_ScheduleRuleset.get
+              max_c = schedule_ruleset_annual_min_max_value(htg_sch)['max']
+              if max_c > temp_c
+                htd = true
+              end
+            elsif htg_sch.to_ScheduleConstant.is_initialized
+              htg_sch = htg_sch.to_ScheduleConstant.get
+              max_c = schedule_constant_annual_min_max_value(htg_sch)['max']
+              if max_c > temp_c
+                htd = true
+              end
+            elsif htg_sch.to_ScheduleCompact.is_initialized
+              htg_sch = htg_sch.to_ScheduleCompact.get
+              max_c = schedule_compact_annual_min_max_value(htg_sch)['max']
+              if max_c > temp_c
+                htd = true
+              end
+            else
+              OpenStudio.logFree(OpenStudio::Error, 'prm.log', "Zone #{thermal_zone.name} used an unknown schedule type for the heating setpoint; assuming heated.")
+              htd = true
+            end
+          end
+        elsif tstat.to_ZoneControlThermostatStagedDualSetpoint
+          tstat = tstat.to_ZoneControlThermostatStagedDualSetpoint.get
+          htg_sch = tstat.heatingTemperatureSetpointSchedule
+          if htg_sch.is_initialized
+            htg_sch = htg_sch.get
+            if htg_sch.to_ScheduleRuleset.is_initialized
+              htg_sch = htg_sch.to_ScheduleRuleset.get
+              max_c = schedule_ruleset_annual_min_max_value(htg_sch)['max']
+              if max_c > temp_c
+                htd = true
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Exception 1 - Systems heated to less than 60F since all baseline system provide cooling
+        if !htd
+          return nil
+        end
+
+        # Exception 2 - System exhausting toxic fumes
+        if thermal_zone.additionalProperties.hasFeature('exhaust_energy_recovery_exception_for_toxic_fumes_etc')
+          if thermal_zone.additionalProperties.getFeatureAsString('exhaust_energy_recovery_exception_for_toxic_fumes_etc').get == 'yes'
+            return nil
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Exception 3 - Commercial kitchen hoods
+        if thermal_zone.additionalProperties.hasFeature('exhaust_energy_recovery_exception_for_type1_kitchen_hoods')
+          if thermal_zone.additionalProperties.getFeatureAsString('exhaust_energy_recovery_exception_for_type1_kitchen_hoods').get == 'yes'
+            return nil
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Exception 6 - Distributed exhaust
+        if thermal_zone.additionalProperties.hasFeature('exhaust_energy_recovery_exception_for_type_distributed_exhaust')
+          if thermal_zone.additionalProperties.getFeatureAsString('exhaust_energy_recovery_exception_for_type_distributed_exhaust').get == 'yes'
+            return nil
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Exception 7 - Dehumidification
+        if thermal_zone.additionalProperties.hasFeature('exhaust_energy_recovery_exception_for_dehumidifcation_with_series_cooling_recovery')
+          if thermal_zone.additionalProperties.getFeatureAsString('exhaust_energy_recovery_exception_for_dehumidifcation_with_series_cooling_recovery').get == 'yes'
+            return nil
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Exception 4 - Heating systems in certain climate zones
+      if ['ASHRAE 169-2006-0A', 'ASHRAE 169-2006-0B', 'ASHRAE 169-2006-1A', 'ASHRAE 169-2006-1B', 'ASHRAE 169-2006-2A', 'ASHRAE 169-2006-2B', 'ASHRAE 169-2006-3A', 'ASHRAE 169-2006-3B', 'ASHRAE 169-2006-3C', 'ASHRAE 169-2013-0A', 'ASHRAE 169-2013-0B', 'ASHRAE 169-2013-1A', 'ASHRAE 169-2013-1B', 'ASHRAE 169-2013-2A', 'ASHRAE 169-2013-2B', 'ASHRAE 169-2013-3A', 'ASHRAE 169-2013-3B', 'ASHRAE 169-2013-3C'].include?(climate_zone)
+        if air_loop_hvac.additionalProperties.hasFeature('baseline_system_type')
+          system_type = air_loop_hvac.additionalProperties.getFeatureAsString('baseline_system_type').get
+          if system_type == 'Gas_Furnace' || system_type == 'Electric_Furnace'
+            return nil
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      erv_cfm = 5000
+    end
+
+    return erv_cfm
+  end
+end