opal-connect-rspec 0.5.0

data/rspec-expectations/spec/rspec/matchers/built_in/be_within_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+module RSpec
+  module Matchers
+    RSpec.describe "expect(actual).to be_within(delta).of(expected)" do
+      it_behaves_like "an RSpec matcher", :valid_value => 5, :invalid_value => -5 do
+        let(:matcher) { be_within(2).of(4.0) }
+      end
+
+      it "passes when actual == expected" do
+        expect(5.0).to be_within(0.5).of(5.0)
+      end
+
+      it "passes when actual < (expected + delta)" do
+        expect(5.49).to be_within(0.5).of(5.0)
+      end
+
+      it "passes when actual > (expected - delta)" do
+        expect(4.51).to be_within(0.5).of(5.0)
+      end
+
+      it "passes when actual == (expected - delta)" do
+        expect(4.5).to be_within(0.5).of(5.0)
+      end
+
+      it "passes when actual == (expected + delta)" do
+        expect(5.5).to be_within(0.5).of(5.0)
+      end
+
+      it "passes with integer arguments that are near each other" do
+        expect(1.0001).to be_within(5).percent_of(1)
+      end
+
+      it "passes with negative arguments" do
+        expect(-1.0001).to be_within(5).percent_of(-1)
+      end
+
+      it "fails when actual < (expected - delta)" do
+        expect {
+          expect(4.49).to be_within(0.5).of(5.0)
+        }.to fail_with("expected 4.49 to be within 0.5 of 5.0")
+      end
+
+      it "fails when actual > (expected + delta)" do
+        expect {
+          expect(5.51).to be_within(0.5).of(5.0)
+        }.to fail_with("expected 5.51 to be within 0.5 of 5.0")
+      end
+
+      it "works with Time" do
+        expect(Time.now).to be_within(0.1).of(Time.now)
+      end
+
+      it "provides a description" do
+        matcher = be_within(0.5).of(5.0)
+        matcher.matches?(5.1)
+        expect(matcher.description).to eq "be within 0.5 of 5.0"
+      end
+
+      it "raises an error if no expected value is given" do
+        expect {
+          expect(5.1).to be_within(0.5)
+        }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /must set an expected value using #of/)
+      end
+
+      it "fails if the actual is not numeric" do
+        expect {
+          expect(nil).to be_within(0.1).of(0)
+        }.to fail_with("expected nil to be within 0.1 of 0, but it could not be treated as a numeric value")
+      end
+    end
+
+    RSpec.describe "expect(actual).to be_within(delta).percent_of(expected)" do
+      it "passes when actual is within the given percent variance" do
+        expect(9.0).to be_within(10).percent_of(10.0)
+        expect(10.0).to be_within(10).percent_of(10.0)
+        expect(11.0).to be_within(10).percent_of(10.0)
+      end
+
+      it "fails when actual is outside the given percent variance" do
+        expect {
+          expect(8.9).to be_within(10).percent_of(10.0)
+        }.to fail_with("expected 8.9 to be within 10% of 10.0")
+
+        expect {
+          expect(11.1).to be_within(10).percent_of(10.0)
+        }.to fail_with("expected 11.1 to be within 10% of 10.0")
+      end
+
+      it "provides a description" do
+        matcher = be_within(0.5).percent_of(5.0)
+        matcher.matches?(5.1)
+        expect(matcher.description).to eq "be within 0.5% of 5.0"
+      end
+    end
+
+    RSpec.describe "expect(actual).not_to be_within(delta).of(expected)" do
+      it "passes when actual < (expected - delta)" do
+        expect(4.49).not_to be_within(0.5).of(5.0)
+      end
+
+      it "passes when actual > (expected + delta)" do
+        expect(5.51).not_to be_within(0.5).of(5.0)
+      end
+
+      it "fails when actual == expected" do
+        expect {
+          expect(5.0).not_to be_within(0.5).of(5.0)
+        }.to fail_with("expected 5.0 not to be within 0.5 of 5.0")
+      end
+
+      it "fails when actual < (expected + delta)" do
+        expect {
+          expect(5.49).not_to be_within(0.5).of(5.0)
+        }.to fail_with("expected 5.49 not to be within 0.5 of 5.0")
+      end
+
+      it "fails when actual > (expected - delta)" do
+        expect {
+          expect(4.51).not_to be_within(0.5).of(5.0)
+        }.to fail_with("expected 4.51 not to be within 0.5 of 5.0")
+      end
+
+      it "fails when actual == (expected - delta)" do
+        expect {
+          expect(4.5).not_to be_within(0.5).of(5.0)
+        }.to fail_with("expected 4.5 not to be within 0.5 of 5.0")
+      end
+
+      it "fails when actual == (expected + delta)" do
+        expect {
+          expect(5.5).not_to be_within(0.5).of(5.0)
+        }.to fail_with("expected 5.5 not to be within 0.5 of 5.0")
+      end
+
+      it "passes if the actual is not numeric" do
+        expect(nil).not_to be_within(0.1).of(0)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/rspec-expectations/spec/rspec/matchers/built_in/change_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,829 @@
+class SomethingExpected
+  attr_accessor :some_value
+end
+
+RSpec.describe "expect { ... }.to change(actual, message)" do
+  context "with a numeric value" do
+    before(:example) do
+      @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+      @instance.some_value = 5
+    end
+
+    it "passes when actual is modified by the block" do
+      expect {@instance.some_value = 6.0}.to change(@instance, :some_value)
+    end
+
+    it "fails when actual is not modified by the block" do
+      expect do
+        expect {}.to change(@instance, :some_value)
+      end.to fail_with("expected #some_value to have changed, but is still 5")
+    end
+
+    it "provides a #description" do
+      expect(change(@instance, :some_value).description).to eq "change #some_value"
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "can specify the change of a variable's class" do
+    val = nil
+
+    expect {
+      val = 42
+    }.to change { val.class }.from(NilClass).to(Fixnum)
+
+    expect {
+      expect {
+        val = "string"
+      }.to change { val.class }.from(Fixnum).to(NilClass)
+    }.to fail_with(/but is now String/)
+  end
+
+  context "with boolean values" do
+    before(:example) do
+      @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+      @instance.some_value = true
+    end
+
+    it "passes when actual is modified by the block" do
+      expect {@instance.some_value = false}.to change(@instance, :some_value)
+    end
+
+    it "fails when actual is not modified by the block" do
+      expect do
+        expect {}.to change(@instance, :some_value)
+      end.to fail_with("expected #some_value to have changed, but is still true")
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "with an IO stream" do
+    it "fails when the stream does not change" do
+      expect {
+        k = STDOUT
+        expect { }.to change { k }
+      }.to fail_with(/expected result to have changed/)
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "with nil value" do
+    before(:example) do
+      @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+      @instance.some_value = nil
+    end
+
+    it "passes when actual is modified by the block" do
+      expect {@instance.some_value = false}.to change(@instance, :some_value)
+    end
+
+    it "fails when actual is not modified by the block" do
+      expect do
+        expect {}.to change(@instance, :some_value)
+      end.to fail_with("expected #some_value to have changed, but is still nil")
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "with an array" do
+    before(:example) do
+      @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+      @instance.some_value = []
+    end
+
+    it "passes when actual is modified by the block" do
+      expect {@instance.some_value << 1}.to change(@instance, :some_value)
+    end
+
+    it "fails when a predicate on the actual fails" do
+      expect do
+        expect {@instance.some_value << 1}.to change { @instance.some_value }.to be_empty
+      end.to fail_with(/result to have changed to/)
+    end
+
+    it "passes when a predicate on the actual passes" do
+      @instance.some_value = [1]
+      expect {@instance.some_value.pop}.to change { @instance.some_value }.to be_empty
+    end
+
+    it "fails when actual is not modified by the block" do
+      expect do
+        expect {}.to change(@instance, :some_value)
+      end.to fail_with("expected #some_value to have changed, but is still []")
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "with a hash" do
+    before(:example) do
+      @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+      @instance.some_value = {:a => 'a'}
+    end
+
+    it "passes when actual is modified by the block" do
+      expect {@instance.some_value[:a] = 'A'}.to change(@instance, :some_value)
+    end
+
+    it "fails when actual is not modified by the block" do
+      expect do
+        expect {}.to change(@instance, :some_value)
+      end.to fail
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "with a string" do
+    it "passes when actual is modified by the block" do
+      string = "ab"
+      expect { string << "c" }.to change { string }
+    end
+
+    it 'fails when actual is not modified by the block' do
+      string = "ab"
+      expect {
+        expect { }.to change { string }
+      }.to fail_with(/to have changed/)
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "with an arbitrary enumerable" do
+    before(:example) do
+      @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+      @instance.some_value = Class.new do
+        include Enumerable
+
+        attr_reader :elements
+
+        def initialize(*elements)
+          @elements = elements.dup
+        end
+
+        def <<(element)
+          elements << element
+        end
+
+        def dup
+          self.class.new(*elements)
+        end
+
+        def ==(other)
+          elements == other.elements
+        end
+      end.new
+    end
+
+    it "passes when actual is modified by the block" do
+      expect {@instance.some_value << 1}.to change(@instance, :some_value)
+    end
+
+    it "fails when actual is not modified by the block" do
+      expect do
+        expect {}.to change(@instance, :some_value)
+      end.to fail_with(/^expected #some_value to have changed, but is still/)
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "with a missing message" do
+    it "fails with an ArgumentError" do
+      expect do
+        expect {}.to change(:receiver)
+      end.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /^`change` requires either an object and message/)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe "expect { ... }.not_to change(actual, message)" do
+  before(:example) do
+    @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+    @instance.some_value = 5
+  end
+
+  it "passes when actual is not modified by the block" do
+    expect { }.not_to change(@instance, :some_value)
+  end
+
+  it "fails when actual is not modified by the block" do
+    expect do
+      expect {@instance.some_value = 6}.not_to change(@instance, :some_value)
+    end.to fail_with("expected #some_value not to have changed, but did change from 5 to 6")
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe "expect { ... }.to change { block }" do
+
+  before(:example) do
+    @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+    @instance.some_value = 5
+  end
+
+  it "passes when actual is modified by the block" do
+    expect {@instance.some_value = 6}.to change { @instance.some_value }
+  end
+
+  it "fails when actual is not modified by the block" do
+    expect do
+      expect {}.to change{ @instance.some_value }
+    end.to fail_with("expected result to have changed, but is still 5")
+  end
+
+  it "warns if passed a block using do/end instead of {}" do
+    expect do
+      expect {}.to change do; end
+    end.to raise_error(SyntaxError, /block passed to the `change` matcher/)
+  end
+
+  it "provides a #description" do
+    expect(change { @instance.some_value }.description).to eq "change result"
+  end
+
+  context "with an IO stream" do
+    it "passes when the stream does not change" do
+      k = STDOUT
+      expect { }.not_to change { k }
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe "expect { ... }.not_to change { block }" do
+  before(:example) do
+    @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+    @instance.some_value = 5
+  end
+
+  it "passes when actual is modified by the block" do
+    expect {}.not_to change{ @instance.some_value }
+  end
+
+  it "fails when actual is not modified by the block" do
+    expect do
+      expect {@instance.some_value = 6}.not_to change { @instance.some_value }
+    end.to fail_with("expected result not to have changed, but did change from 5 to 6")
+  end
+
+  it "warns if passed a block using do/end instead of {}" do
+    expect do
+      expect {}.not_to change do; end
+    end.to raise_error(SyntaxError, /block passed to the `change` matcher/)
+  end
+end
+
+
+RSpec.describe "expect { ... }.not_to change { }.from" do
+  context 'when the value starts at the from value' do
+    it 'passes when the value does not change' do
+      k = 5
+      expect { }.not_to change { k }.from(5)
+    end
+
+    it 'fails when the value does change' do
+      expect {
+        k = 5
+        expect { k += 1 }.not_to change { k }.from(5)
+      }.to fail_with(/but did change from 5 to 6/)
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'when the value starts at a different value' do
+    it 'fails when the value does not change' do
+      expect {
+        k = 6
+        expect { }.not_to change { k }.from(5)
+      }.to fail_with(/expected result to have initially been 5/)
+    end
+
+    it 'fails when the value does change' do
+      expect {
+        k = 6
+        expect { k += 1 }.not_to change { k }.from(5)
+      }.to fail_with(/expected result to have initially been 5/)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe "expect { ... }.not_to change { }.to" do
+  it 'is not supported' do
+    expect {
+      expect { }.not_to change { }.to(3)
+    }.to raise_error(NotImplementedError)
+  end
+
+  it 'is not supported when it comes after `from`' do
+    expect {
+      expect { }.not_to change { }.from(nil).to(3)
+    }.to raise_error(NotImplementedError)
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe "expect { ... }.not_to change { }.by" do
+  it 'is not supported' do
+    expect {
+      expect { }.not_to change { }.by(3)
+    }.to raise_error(NotImplementedError)
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe "expect { ... }.not_to change { }.by_at_least" do
+  it 'is not supported' do
+    expect {
+      expect { }.not_to change { }.by_at_least(3)
+    }.to raise_error(NotImplementedError)
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe "expect { ... }.not_to change { }.by_at_most" do
+  it 'is not supported' do
+    expect {
+      expect { }.not_to change { }.by_at_most(3)
+    }.to raise_error(NotImplementedError)
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe "expect { ... }.to change(actual, message).by(expected)" do
+  before(:example) do
+    @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+    @instance.some_value = 5
+  end
+
+  it "passes when attribute is changed by expected amount" do
+    expect { @instance.some_value += 1 }.to change(@instance, :some_value).by(1)
+  end
+
+  it "passes when attribute is not changed and expected amount is 0" do
+    expect { @instance.some_value += 0 }.to change(@instance, :some_value).by(0)
+  end
+
+  it "fails when the attribute is changed by unexpected amount" do
+    expect do
+      expect { @instance.some_value += 2 }.to change(@instance, :some_value).by(1)
+    end.to fail_with("expected #some_value to have changed by 1, but was changed by 2")
+  end
+
+  it "fails when the attribute is changed by unexpected amount in the opposite direction" do
+    expect do
+      expect { @instance.some_value -= 1 }.to change(@instance, :some_value).by(1)
+    end.to fail_with("expected #some_value to have changed by 1, but was changed by -1")
+  end
+
+  it "provides a #description" do
+    expect(change(@instance, :some_value).by(3).description).to eq "change #some_value by 3"
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe "expect { ... }.to change { block }.by(expected)" do
+  before(:example) do
+    @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+    @instance.some_value = 5
+  end
+
+  it "passes when attribute is changed by expected amount" do
+    expect { @instance.some_value += 1 }.to change{@instance.some_value}.by(1)
+  end
+
+  it "fails when the attribute is changed by unexpected amount" do
+    expect do
+      expect { @instance.some_value += 2 }.to change{@instance.some_value}.by(1)
+    end.to fail_with("expected result to have changed by 1, but was changed by 2")
+  end
+
+  it "fails when the attribute is changed by unexpected amount in the opposite direction" do
+    expect do
+      expect { @instance.some_value -= 1 }.to change{@instance.some_value}.by(1)
+    end.to fail_with("expected result to have changed by 1, but was changed by -1")
+  end
+
+  it "provides a #description" do
+    expect(change { @instance.some_value }.by(3).description).to eq "change result by 3"
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe "expect { ... }.to change(actual, message).by_at_least(expected)" do
+  before(:example) do
+    @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+    @instance.some_value = 5
+  end
+
+  it "passes when attribute is changed by greater than the expected amount" do
+    expect { @instance.some_value += 2 }.to change(@instance, :some_value).by_at_least(1)
+  end
+
+  it "passes when attribute is changed by the expected amount" do
+    expect { @instance.some_value += 2 }.to change(@instance, :some_value).by_at_least(2)
+  end
+
+  it "fails when the attribute is changed by less than the expected amount" do
+    expect do
+      expect { @instance.some_value += 1 }.to change(@instance, :some_value).by_at_least(2)
+    end.to fail_with("expected #some_value to have changed by at least 2, but was changed by 1")
+  end
+
+  it "provides a #description" do
+    expect(change(@instance, :some_value).by_at_least(3).description).to eq "change #some_value by at least 3"
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe "expect { ... }.to change { block }.by_at_least(expected)" do
+  before(:example) do
+    @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+    @instance.some_value = 5
+  end
+
+  it "passes when attribute is changed by greater than expected amount" do
+    expect { @instance.some_value += 2 }.to change{@instance.some_value}.by_at_least(1)
+  end
+
+  it "passes when attribute is changed by the expected amount" do
+    expect { @instance.some_value += 2 }.to change{@instance.some_value}.by_at_least(2)
+  end
+
+  it "fails when the attribute is changed by less than the unexpected amount" do
+    expect do
+      expect { @instance.some_value += 1 }.to change{@instance.some_value}.by_at_least(2)
+    end.to fail_with("expected result to have changed by at least 2, but was changed by 1")
+  end
+
+  it "provides a #description" do
+    expect(change { @instance.some_value }.by_at_least(3).description).to eq "change result by at least 3"
+  end
+end
+
+
+RSpec.describe "expect { ... }.to change(actual, message).by_at_most(expected)" do
+  before(:example) do
+    @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+    @instance.some_value = 5
+  end
+
+  it "passes when attribute is changed by less than the expected amount" do
+    expect { @instance.some_value += 2 }.to change(@instance, :some_value).by_at_most(3)
+  end
+
+  it "passes when attribute is changed by the expected amount" do
+    expect { @instance.some_value += 2 }.to change(@instance, :some_value).by_at_most(2)
+  end
+
+  it "fails when the attribute is changed by greater than the expected amount" do
+    expect do
+      expect { @instance.some_value += 2 }.to change(@instance, :some_value).by_at_most(1)
+    end.to fail_with("expected #some_value to have changed by at most 1, but was changed by 2")
+  end
+
+  it "provides a #description" do
+    expect(change(@instance, :some_value).by_at_most(3).description).to eq "change #some_value by at most 3"
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe "expect { ... }.to change { block }.by_at_most(expected)" do
+  before(:example) do
+    @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+    @instance.some_value = 5
+  end
+
+  it "passes when attribute is changed by less than expected amount" do
+    expect { @instance.some_value += 2 }.to change{@instance.some_value}.by_at_most(3)
+  end
+
+  it "passes when attribute is changed by the expected amount" do
+    expect { @instance.some_value += 2 }.to change{@instance.some_value}.by_at_most(2)
+  end
+
+  it "fails when the attribute is changed by greater than the unexpected amount" do
+    expect do
+      expect { @instance.some_value += 2 }.to change{@instance.some_value}.by_at_most(1)
+    end.to fail_with("expected result to have changed by at most 1, but was changed by 2")
+  end
+
+  it "provides a #description" do
+    expect(change { @instance.some_value }.by_at_most(3).description).to eq "change result by at most 3"
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe "expect { ... }.to change(actual, message).from(old)" do
+  context "with boolean values" do
+    before(:example) do
+      @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+      @instance.some_value = true
+    end
+
+    it "passes when attribute is == to expected value before executing block" do
+      expect { @instance.some_value = false }.to change(@instance, :some_value).from(true)
+    end
+
+    it "fails when attribute is not == to expected value before executing block" do
+      expect do
+        expect { @instance.some_value = 'foo' }.to change(@instance, :some_value).from(false)
+      end.to fail_with("expected #some_value to have initially been false, but was true")
+    end
+  end
+  context "with non-boolean values" do
+    before(:example) do
+      @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+      @instance.some_value = 'string'
+    end
+
+    it "passes when attribute matches expected value before executing block" do
+      expect { @instance.some_value = "astring" }.to change(@instance, :some_value).from("string")
+    end
+
+    it "fails when attribute does not match expected value before executing block" do
+      expect do
+        expect { @instance.some_value = "knot" }.to change(@instance, :some_value).from("cat")
+      end.to fail_with("expected #some_value to have initially been \"cat\", but was \"string\"")
+    end
+
+    it "provides a #description" do
+      expect(change(@instance, :some_value).from(3).description).to eq "change #some_value from 3"
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe "expect { ... }.to change { block }.from(old)" do
+  before(:example) do
+    @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+    @instance.some_value = 'string'
+  end
+
+  it "passes when attribute matches expected value before executing block" do
+    expect { @instance.some_value = "astring" }.to change{@instance.some_value}.from("string")
+  end
+
+  it "fails when attribute does not match expected value before executing block" do
+    expect do
+      expect { @instance.some_value = "knot" }.to change{@instance.some_value}.from("cat")
+    end.to fail_with("expected result to have initially been \"cat\", but was \"string\"")
+  end
+
+  it "fails when attribute does not change" do
+    expect do
+      expect { }.to change { @instance.some_value }.from("string")
+    end.to fail_with('expected result to have changed from "string", but did not change')
+  end
+
+  it "provides a #description" do
+    expect(change { }.from(3).description).to eq "change result from 3"
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe "expect { ... }.to change(actual, message).to(new)" do
+  context "with boolean values" do
+    before(:example) do
+      @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+      @instance.some_value = true
+    end
+
+    it "passes when attribute is == to expected value after executing block" do
+      expect { @instance.some_value = false }.to change(@instance, :some_value).to(false)
+    end
+
+    it "fails when attribute is not == to expected value after executing block" do
+      expect do
+        expect { @instance.some_value = 1 }.to change(@instance, :some_value).from(true).to(false)
+      end.to fail_with("expected #some_value to have changed to false, but is now 1")
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "with non-boolean values" do
+    before(:example) do
+      @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+      @instance.some_value = 'string'
+    end
+
+    it "passes when attribute matches expected value after executing block" do
+      expect { @instance.some_value = "cat" }.to change(@instance, :some_value).to("cat")
+    end
+
+    it "fails when attribute does not match expected value after executing block" do
+      expect do
+        expect { @instance.some_value = "cat" }.to change(@instance, :some_value).from("string").to("dog")
+      end.to fail_with("expected #some_value to have changed to \"dog\", but is now \"cat\"")
+    end
+
+    it "fails with a clear message when it ends with the right value but did not change" do
+      expect {
+        expect { }.to change(@instance, :some_value).to("string")
+      }.to fail_with('expected #some_value to have changed to "string", but did not change')
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe "expect { ... }.to change { block }.to(new)" do
+  before(:example) do
+    @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+    @instance.some_value = 'string'
+  end
+
+  it "passes when attribute matches expected value after executing block" do
+    expect { @instance.some_value = "cat" }.to change{@instance.some_value}.to("cat")
+  end
+
+  it "fails when attribute does not match expected value after executing block" do
+    expect do
+      expect { @instance.some_value = "cat" }.to change{@instance.some_value}.from("string").to("dog")
+    end.to fail_with("expected result to have changed to \"dog\", but is now \"cat\"")
+  end
+
+  it "provides a #description" do
+    expect(change { }.to(3).description).to eq "change result to 3"
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe "expect { ... }.to change(actual, message).from(old).to(new)" do
+  before(:example) do
+    @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+    @instance.some_value = 'string'
+  end
+
+  it "passes when #to comes before #from" do
+    expect { @instance.some_value = "cat" }.to change(@instance, :some_value).to("cat").from("string")
+  end
+
+  it "passes when #from comes before #to" do
+    expect { @instance.some_value = "cat" }.to change(@instance, :some_value).from("string").to("cat")
+  end
+
+  it "shows the correct messaging when #after and #to are different" do
+    expect do
+      expect { @instance.some_value = "cat" }.to change(@instance, :some_value).from("string").to("dog")
+    end.to fail_with("expected #some_value to have changed to \"dog\", but is now \"cat\"")
+  end
+
+  it "shows the correct messaging when #before and #from are different" do
+    expect do
+      expect { @instance.some_value = "cat" }.to change(@instance, :some_value).from("not_string").to("cat")
+    end.to fail_with("expected #some_value to have initially been \"not_string\", but was \"string\"")
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe "expect { ... }.to change { block }.from(old).to(new)" do
+  before(:example) do
+    @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+    @instance.some_value = 'string'
+  end
+
+  context "when #to comes before #from" do
+    it "passes" do
+      expect { @instance.some_value = "cat" }.to change{@instance.some_value}.to("cat").from("string")
+    end
+
+    it "provides a #description" do
+      expect(change { }.to(1).from(3).description).to eq "change result to 1 from 3"
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "when #from comes before #to" do
+    it "passes" do
+      expect { @instance.some_value = "cat" }.to change{@instance.some_value}.from("string").to("cat")
+    end
+
+    it "provides a #description" do
+      expect(change { }.from(1).to(3).description).to eq "change result from 1 to 3"
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe "Composing a matcher with `change`" do
+  describe "expect { ... }.to change { ... }" do
+    context ".from(matcher).to(matcher)" do
+      it 'passes when the matchers match the from and to values' do
+        k = 0.51
+        expect { k += 1 }.to change { k }.
+          from( a_value_within(0.1).of(0.5) ).
+          to( a_value_within(0.1).of(1.5) )
+      end
+
+      it 'fails with a clear message when the `from` does not match' do
+        expect {
+          k = 0.51
+          expect { k += 1 }.to change { k }.
+            from( a_value_within(0.1).of(0.7) ).
+            to( a_value_within(0.1).of(1.5) )
+        }.to fail_with(/expected result to have initially been a value within 0.1 of 0.7, but was 0.51/)
+      end
+
+      it 'fails with a clear message when the `to` does not match' do
+        expect {
+          k = 0.51
+          expect { k += 1 }.to change { k }.
+            from( a_value_within(0.1).of(0.5) ).
+            to( a_value_within(0.1).of(2.5) )
+        }.to fail_with(/expected result to have changed to a value within 0.1 of 2.5, but is now 1.51/)
+      end
+
+      it 'provides a description' do
+        expect(change(nil, :foo).
+          from( a_value_within(0.1).of(0.5) ).
+          to( a_value_within(0.1).of(1.5) ).description
+        ).to eq("change #foo from a value within 0.1 of 0.5 to a value within 0.1 of 1.5")
+      end
+    end
+
+    context ".to(matcher).from(matcher)" do
+      it 'passes when the matchers match the from and to values' do
+        k = 0.51
+        expect { k += 1 }.to change { k }.
+          to( a_value_within(0.1).of(1.5) ).
+          from( a_value_within(0.1).of(0.5) )
+      end
+
+      it 'fails with a clear message when the `from` does not match' do
+        expect {
+          k = 0.51
+          expect { k += 1 }.to change { k }.
+            to( a_value_within(0.1).of(1.5) ).
+            from( a_value_within(0.1).of(0.7) )
+        }.to fail_with(/expected result to have initially been a value within 0.1 of 0.7, but was 0.51/)
+      end
+
+      it 'fails with a clear message when the `to` does not match' do
+        expect {
+          k = 0.51
+          expect { k += 1 }.to change { k }.
+            to( a_value_within(0.1).of(2.5) ).
+            from( a_value_within(0.1).of(0.5) )
+        }.to fail_with(/expected result to have changed to a value within 0.1 of 2.5, but is now 1.51/)
+      end
+
+      it 'provides a description' do
+        expect(change(nil, :foo).
+          to( a_value_within(0.1).of(0.5) ).
+          from( a_value_within(0.1).of(1.5) ).description
+        ).to eq("change #foo to a value within 0.1 of 0.5 from a value within 0.1 of 1.5")
+      end
+    end
+
+    context ".by(matcher)" do
+      it "passes when the matcher matches" do
+        k = 0.5
+        expect { k += 1.05 }.to change { k }.by( a_value_within(0.1).of(1) )
+      end
+
+      it 'fails with a clear message when the `by` does not match' do
+        expect {
+          k = 0.5
+          expect { k += 1.05 }.to change { k }.by( a_value_within(0.1).of(0.5) )
+        }.to fail_with(/expected result to have changed by a value within 0.1 of 0.5, but was changed by 1.05/)
+      end
+
+      it 'provides a description' do
+        expect(change(nil, :foo).
+          by( a_value_within(0.1).of(0.5) ).description
+        ).to eq("change #foo by a value within 0.1 of 0.5")
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "expect { ... }.not_to change { ... }.from(matcher).to(matcher)" do
+    it 'passes when the matcher matches the `from` value and it does not change' do
+      k = 0.51
+      expect { }.not_to change { k }.from( a_value_within(0.1).of(0.5) )
+    end
+
+    it 'fails with a clear message when the `from` matcher does not match' do
+      expect {
+        k = 0.51
+        expect { }.not_to change { k }.from( a_value_within(0.1).of(1.5) )
+      }.to fail_with(/expected result to have initially been a value within 0.1 of 1.5, but was 0.51/)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe RSpec::Matchers::BuiltIn::Change do
+  it "works when the receiver has implemented #send" do
+    @instance = SomethingExpected.new
+    @instance.some_value = "string"
+    def @instance.send(*args); raise "DOH! Library developers shouldn't use #send!" end
+
+    expect {
+      expect { @instance.some_value = "cat" }.to change(@instance, :some_value)
+    }.not_to raise_error
+  end
+
+  k = 1
+  before { k = 1 }
+  it_behaves_like "an RSpec matcher", :valid_value => lambda { k += 1 },
+                                      :invalid_value => lambda { } do
+    let(:matcher) { change { k } }
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe RSpec::Matchers::BuiltIn::ChangeRelatively do
+  k = 0
+  before { k = 0 }
+  it_behaves_like "an RSpec matcher", :valid_value => lambda { k += 1 },
+                                      :invalid_value => lambda { k += 2 },
+                                      :disallows_negation => true do
+    let(:matcher) { change { k }.by(1) }
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe RSpec::Matchers::BuiltIn::ChangeFromValue do
+  k = 0
+  before { k = 0 }
+  it_behaves_like "an RSpec matcher", :valid_value => lambda { k += 1 },
+                                      :invalid_value => lambda { } do
+    let(:matcher) { change { k }.from(0) }
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe RSpec::Matchers::BuiltIn::ChangeToValue do
+  k = 0
+  before { k = 0 }
+  it_behaves_like "an RSpec matcher", :valid_value => lambda { k = 2 },
+                                      :invalid_value => lambda { k = 3 },
+                                      :disallows_negation => true do
+    let(:matcher) { change { k }.to(2) }
+  end
+end