numo-narray-alt 0.9.4 → 0.9.6

data/ext/numo/narray/src/t_int8.c

@@ -37,14 +37,23 @@ static ID id_to_a;
 
 #include <numo/types/int8.h>
 
-VALUE cT;
-extern VALUE cRT;
-
 /*
   class definition: Numo::Int8
 */
-
 VALUE cT;
+extern VALUE cRT;
+
+#include "mh/mean.h"
+#include "mh/var.h"
+#include "mh/stddev.h"
+#include "mh/rms.h"
+
+typedef int8_t int8; // Type aliases for shorter notation
+                     // following the codebase naming convention.
+DEF_NARRAY_INT_MEAN_METHOD_FUNC(int8, numo_cInt8)
+DEF_NARRAY_INT_VAR_METHOD_FUNC(int8, numo_cInt8)
+DEF_NARRAY_INT_STDDEV_METHOD_FUNC(int8, numo_cInt8)
+DEF_NARRAY_INT_RMS_METHOD_FUNC(int8, numo_cInt8)
 
 static VALUE int8_store(VALUE, VALUE);
 
@@ -152,9 +161,9 @@ static VALUE int8_allocate(VALUE self) {
 /*
   Extract an element only if self is a dimensionless NArray.
   @overload extract
-  @return [Numeric,Numo::NArray]
-  --- Extract element value as Ruby Object if self is a dimensionless NArray,
-  otherwise returns self.
+    @return [Numeric,Numo::NArray]
+    --- Extract element value as Ruby Object if self is a dimensionless NArray,
+    otherwise returns self.
 */
 static VALUE int8_extract(VALUE self) {
   volatile VALUE v;
@@ -238,8 +247,8 @@ static void iter_int8_store_bit(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_store_bit(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{OVERWRITE, 0}, {Qnil, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_store_bit, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { OVERWRITE, 0 }, { Qnil, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_store_bit, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0 };
 
   na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, obj);
   return self;
@@ -287,8 +296,8 @@ static void iter_int8_store_dfloat(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_store_dfloat(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{OVERWRITE, 0}, {Qnil, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_store_dfloat, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { OVERWRITE, 0 }, { Qnil, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_store_dfloat, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0 };
 
   na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, obj);
   return self;
@@ -336,8 +345,8 @@ static void iter_int8_store_sfloat(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_store_sfloat(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{OVERWRITE, 0}, {Qnil, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_store_sfloat, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { OVERWRITE, 0 }, { Qnil, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_store_sfloat, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0 };
 
   na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, obj);
   return self;
@@ -385,8 +394,8 @@ static void iter_int8_store_int64(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_store_int64(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{OVERWRITE, 0}, {Qnil, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_store_int64, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { OVERWRITE, 0 }, { Qnil, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_store_int64, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0 };
 
   na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, obj);
   return self;
@@ -434,8 +443,8 @@ static void iter_int8_store_int32(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_store_int32(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{OVERWRITE, 0}, {Qnil, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_store_int32, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { OVERWRITE, 0 }, { Qnil, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_store_int32, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0 };
 
   na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, obj);
   return self;
@@ -483,8 +492,8 @@ static void iter_int8_store_int16(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_store_int16(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{OVERWRITE, 0}, {Qnil, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_store_int16, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { OVERWRITE, 0 }, { Qnil, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_store_int16, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0 };
 
   na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, obj);
   return self;
@@ -532,8 +541,8 @@ static void iter_int8_store_int8(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_store_int8(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{OVERWRITE, 0}, {Qnil, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_store_int8, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { OVERWRITE, 0 }, { Qnil, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_store_int8, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0 };
 
   na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, obj);
   return self;
@@ -581,8 +590,8 @@ static void iter_int8_store_uint64(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_store_uint64(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{OVERWRITE, 0}, {Qnil, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_store_uint64, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { OVERWRITE, 0 }, { Qnil, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_store_uint64, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0 };
 
   na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, obj);
   return self;
@@ -630,8 +639,8 @@ static void iter_int8_store_uint32(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_store_uint32(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{OVERWRITE, 0}, {Qnil, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_store_uint32, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { OVERWRITE, 0 }, { Qnil, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_store_uint32, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0 };
 
   na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, obj);
   return self;
@@ -679,8 +688,8 @@ static void iter_int8_store_uint16(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_store_uint16(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{OVERWRITE, 0}, {Qnil, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_store_uint16, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { OVERWRITE, 0 }, { Qnil, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_store_uint16, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0 };
 
   na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, obj);
   return self;
@@ -728,8 +737,8 @@ static void iter_int8_store_uint8(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_store_uint8(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{OVERWRITE, 0}, {Qnil, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_store_uint8, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { OVERWRITE, 0 }, { Qnil, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_store_uint8, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0 };
 
   na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, obj);
   return self;
@@ -777,8 +786,8 @@ static void iter_int8_store_robject(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_store_robject(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{OVERWRITE, 0}, {Qnil, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_store_robject, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { OVERWRITE, 0 }, { Qnil, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_store_robject, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0 };
 
   na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, obj);
   return self;
@@ -886,8 +895,8 @@ loop_end:
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_store_array(VALUE self, VALUE rary) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{OVERWRITE, 0}, {rb_cArray, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_store_array, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { OVERWRITE, 0 }, { rb_cArray, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_store_array, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0 };
 
   na_ndloop_store_rarray(&ndf, self, rary);
   return self;
@@ -896,8 +905,8 @@ static VALUE int8_store_array(VALUE self, VALUE rary) {
 /*
   Store elements to Numo::Int8 from other.
   @overload store(other)
-  @param [Object] other
-  @return [Numo::Int8] self
+    @param [Object] other
+    @return [Numo::Int8] self
 */
 static VALUE int8_store(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
   VALUE r, klass;
@@ -982,8 +991,10 @@ static VALUE int8_store(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
     }
   }
 
-  rb_raise(nary_eCastError, "unknown conversion from %s to %s", rb_class2name(rb_obj_class(obj)),
-           rb_class2name(rb_obj_class(self)));
+  rb_raise(
+    nary_eCastError, "unknown conversion from %s to %s", rb_class2name(rb_obj_class(obj)),
+    rb_class2name(rb_obj_class(self))
+  );
 
   return self;
 }
@@ -1077,7 +1088,10 @@ static dtype int8_extract_data(VALUE obj) {
       return int8_extract_data(r);
     }
 
-    rb_raise(nary_eCastError, "unknown conversion from %s to %s", rb_class2name(rb_obj_class(obj)), rb_class2name(cT));
+    rb_raise(
+      nary_eCastError, "unknown conversion from %s to %s", rb_class2name(rb_obj_class(obj)),
+      rb_class2name(cT)
+    );
   }
   if (TYPE(obj) == T_ARRAY) {
     if (RARRAY_LEN(obj) != 1) {
@@ -1104,9 +1118,9 @@ static VALUE int8_cast_array(VALUE rary) {
   Cast object to Numo::Int8.
   @overload [](elements)
   @overload cast(array)
-  @param [Numeric,Array] elements
-  @param [Array] array
-  @return [Numo::Int8]
+    @param [Numeric,Array] elements
+    @param [Array] array
+    @return [Numo::Int8]
 */
 static VALUE int8_s_cast(VALUE type, VALUE obj) {
   VALUE v;
@@ -1146,9 +1160,9 @@ static VALUE int8_s_cast(VALUE type, VALUE obj) {
 /*
   Multi-dimensional element reference.
   @overload [](dim0,...,dimL)
-  @param [Numeric,Range,Array,Numo::Int32,Numo::Int64,Numo::Bit,TrueClass,FalseClass,Symbol] dim0,...,dimL  multi-dimensional
-  indices.
-  @return [Numeric,Numo::Int8] an element or NArray view.
+    @param [Numeric,Range,Array,Numo::Int32,Numo::Int64,Numo::Bit,TrueClass,FalseClass,Symbol]
+    dim0,...,dimL  multi-dimensional indices.
+    @return [Numeric,Numo::Int8] an element or NArray view.
   @see Numo::NArray#[]
   @see #[]=
  */
@@ -1169,10 +1183,10 @@ static VALUE int8_aref(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
 /*
   Multi-dimensional element assignment.
   @overload []=(dim0,...,dimL,val)
-  @param [Numeric,Range,Array,Numo::Int32,Numo::Int64,Numo::Bit,TrueClass,FalseClass,Symbol] dim0,...,dimL  multi-dimensional
-  indices.
-  @param [Numeric,Numo::NArray,Array] val  Value(s) to be set to self.
-  @return [Numeric,Numo::NArray,Array] returns `val` (last argument).
+    @param [Numeric,Range,Array,Numo::Int32,Numo::Int64,Numo::Bit,TrueClass,FalseClass,Symbol]
+    dim0,...,dimL  multi-dimensional indices.
+    @param [Numeric,Numo::NArray,Array] val  Value(s) to be set to self.
+    @return [Numeric,Numo::NArray,Array] returns `val` (last argument).
   @see Numo::NArray#[]=
   @see #[]
 */
@@ -1203,7 +1217,7 @@ static VALUE int8_aset(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
 /*
   return NArray with cast to the type of self.
   @overload coerce_cast(type)
-  @return [nil]
+    @return [nil]
 */
 static VALUE int8_coerce_cast(VALUE self, VALUE type) {
   return Qnil;
@@ -1238,12 +1252,12 @@ static void iter_int8_to_a(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   Convert self to Array.
   @overload to_a
-  @return [Array]
+    @return [Array]
 */
 static VALUE int8_to_a(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[3] = {{Qnil, 0}, {sym_loop_opt}, {sym_option}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{rb_cArray, 0}}; // dummy?
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_to_a, FULL_LOOP_NIP, 3, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[3] = { { Qnil, 0 }, { sym_loop_opt }, { sym_option } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { rb_cArray, 0 } }; // dummy?
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_to_a, FULL_LOOP_NIP, 3, 1, ain, aout };
   return na_ndloop_cast_narray_to_rarray(&ndf, self, Qnil);
 }
 
@@ -1271,12 +1285,12 @@ static void iter_int8_fill(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   Fill elements with other.
   @overload fill other
-  @param [Numeric] other
-  @return [Numo::Int8] self.
+    @param [Numeric] other
+    @return [Numo::Int8] self.
 */
 static VALUE int8_fill(VALUE self, VALUE val) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{OVERWRITE, 0}, {sym_option}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_fill, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { OVERWRITE, 0 }, { sym_option } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_fill, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0 };
 
   na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, val);
   return self;
@@ -1325,15 +1339,15 @@ static void iter_int8_format(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   Format elements into strings.
   @overload format format
-  @param [String] format
-  @return [Numo::RObject] array of formatted strings.
+    @param [String] format
+    @return [Numo::RObject] array of formatted strings.
 */
 static VALUE int8_format(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   VALUE fmt = Qnil;
 
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{Qnil, 0}, {sym_option}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{numo_cRObject, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_format, FULL_LOOP_NIP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { Qnil, 0 }, { sym_option } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cRObject, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_format, FULL_LOOP_NIP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &fmt);
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, fmt);
@@ -1372,14 +1386,14 @@ static void iter_int8_format_to_a(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   Format elements into strings.
   @overload format_to_a format
-  @param [String] format
-  @return [Array] array of formatted strings.
+    @param [String] format
+    @return [Array] array of formatted strings.
 */
 static VALUE int8_format_to_a(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   VALUE fmt = Qnil;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[3] = {{Qnil, 0}, {sym_loop_opt}, {sym_option}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{rb_cArray, 0}}; // dummy?
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_format_to_a, FULL_LOOP_NIP, 3, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[3] = { { Qnil, 0 }, { sym_loop_opt }, { sym_option } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { rb_cArray, 0 } }; // dummy?
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_format_to_a, FULL_LOOP_NIP, 3, 1, ain, aout };
 
   rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &fmt);
   return na_ndloop_cast_narray_to_rarray(&ndf, self, fmt);
@@ -1392,7 +1406,7 @@ static VALUE iter_int8_inspect(char* ptr, size_t pos, VALUE fmt) {
 /*
   Returns a string containing a human-readable representation of NArray.
   @overload inspect
-  @return [String]
+    @return [String]
 */
 static VALUE int8_inspect(VALUE ary) {
   return na_ndloop_inspect(ary, iter_int8_inspect, Qnil);
@@ -1426,15 +1440,15 @@ static void iter_int8_each(na_loop_t* const lp) {
   Calls the given block once for each element in self,
   passing that element as a parameter.
   @overload each
-  @return [Numo::NArray] self
-  For a block `{|x| ... }`,
-  @yieldparam [Numeric] x  an element of NArray.
+    @return [Numo::NArray] self
+    For a block `{|x| ... }`,
+    @yieldparam [Numeric] x  an element of NArray.
   @see #each_with_index
   @see #map
 */
 static VALUE int8_each(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = {{Qnil, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_each, FULL_LOOP_NIP, 1, 0, ain, 0};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { Qnil, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_each, FULL_LOOP_NIP, 1, 0, ain, 0 };
 
   na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
   return self;
@@ -1488,12 +1502,12 @@ static void iter_int8_map(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   Unary map.
   @overload map
-  @return [Numo::Int8] map of self.
+    @return [Numo::Int8] map of self.
 */
 static VALUE int8_map(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_map, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_map, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
 }
@@ -1547,16 +1561,16 @@ static void iter_int8_each_with_index(na_loop_t* const lp) {
   Invokes the given block once for each element of self,
   passing that element and indices along each axis as parameters.
   @overload each_with_index
-  For a block `{|x,i,j,...| ... }`,
-  @yieldparam [Numeric] x  an element
-  @yieldparam [Integer] i,j,...  multitimensional indices
-  @return [Numo::NArray] self
+    For a block `{|x,i,j,...| ... }`,
+    @yieldparam [Numeric] x  an element
+    @yieldparam [Integer] i,j,...  multitimensional indices
+    @return [Numo::NArray] self
   @see #each
   @see #map_with_index
 */
 static VALUE int8_each_with_index(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = {{Qnil, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_each_with_index, FULL_LOOP_NIP, 1, 0, ain, 0};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { Qnil, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_each_with_index, FULL_LOOP_NIP, 1, 0, ain, 0 };
 
   na_ndloop_with_index(&ndf, 1, self);
   return self;
@@ -1638,17 +1652,17 @@ static void iter_int8_map_with_index(na_loop_t* const lp) {
   Creates a new NArray containing the values returned by the block.
   Inplace option is allowed, i.e., `nary.inplace.map` overwrites `nary`.
   @overload map_with_index
-  For a block `{|x,i,j,...| ... }`,
-  @yieldparam [Numeric] x  an element
-  @yieldparam [Integer] i,j,...  multitimensional indices
-  @return [Numo::NArray] mapped array
+    For a block `{|x,i,j,...| ... }`,
+    @yieldparam [Numeric] x  an element
+    @yieldparam [Integer] i,j,...  multitimensional indices
+    @return [Numo::NArray] mapped array
   @see #map
   @see #each_with_index
 */
 static VALUE int8_map_with_index(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = {{Qnil, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_map_with_index, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { Qnil, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_map_with_index, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop_with_index(&ndf, 1, self);
 }
@@ -1697,17 +1711,17 @@ static void iter_int8_abs(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   abs of self.
   @overload abs
-  @return [Numo::Int8] abs of self.
+    @return [Numo::Int8] abs of self.
 */
 static VALUE int8_abs(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cRT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_abs, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cRT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_abs, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
 }
 
-#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                                                    \
+#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                    \
   {}
 
 static void iter_int8_add(na_loop_t* const lp) {
@@ -1767,9 +1781,9 @@ static void iter_int8_add(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 #undef check_intdivzero
 
 static VALUE int8_add_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_add, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_add, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
 }
@@ -1777,8 +1791,8 @@ static VALUE int8_add_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 /*
   Binary add.
   @overload + other
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-  @return [Numo::NArray] self + other
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+    @return [Numo::NArray] self + other
 */
 static VALUE int8_add(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 
@@ -1793,7 +1807,7 @@ static VALUE int8_add(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
   }
 }
 
-#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                                                    \
+#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                    \
   {}
 
 static void iter_int8_sub(na_loop_t* const lp) {
@@ -1853,9 +1867,9 @@ static void iter_int8_sub(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 #undef check_intdivzero
 
 static VALUE int8_sub_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_sub, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_sub, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
 }
@@ -1863,8 +1877,8 @@ static VALUE int8_sub_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 /*
   Binary sub.
   @overload - other
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-  @return [Numo::NArray] self - other
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+    @return [Numo::NArray] self - other
 */
 static VALUE int8_sub(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 
@@ -1879,7 +1893,7 @@ static VALUE int8_sub(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
   }
 }
 
-#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                                                    \
+#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                    \
   {}
 
 static void iter_int8_mul(na_loop_t* const lp) {
@@ -1939,9 +1953,9 @@ static void iter_int8_mul(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 #undef check_intdivzero
 
 static VALUE int8_mul_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_mul, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_mul, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
 }
@@ -1949,8 +1963,8 @@ static VALUE int8_mul_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 /*
   Binary mul.
   @overload * other
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-  @return [Numo::NArray] self * other
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+    @return [Numo::NArray] self * other
 */
 static VALUE int8_mul(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 
@@ -1965,10 +1979,10 @@ static VALUE int8_mul(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
   }
 }
 
-#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                                                    \
-  if ((y) == 0) {                                                                                                              \
-    lp->err_type = rb_eZeroDivError;                                                                                           \
-    return;                                                                                                                    \
+#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                    \
+  if ((y) == 0) {                                                                              \
+    lp->err_type = rb_eZeroDivError;                                                           \
+    return;                                                                                    \
   }
 
 static void iter_int8_div(na_loop_t* const lp) {
@@ -2028,9 +2042,9 @@ static void iter_int8_div(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 #undef check_intdivzero
 
 static VALUE int8_div_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_div, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_div, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
 }
@@ -2038,8 +2052,8 @@ static VALUE int8_div_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 /*
   Binary div.
   @overload / other
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-  @return [Numo::NArray] self / other
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+    @return [Numo::NArray] self / other
 */
 static VALUE int8_div(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 
@@ -2054,10 +2068,10 @@ static VALUE int8_div(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
   }
 }
 
-#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                                                    \
-  if ((y) == 0) {                                                                                                              \
-    lp->err_type = rb_eZeroDivError;                                                                                           \
-    return;                                                                                                                    \
+#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                    \
+  if ((y) == 0) {                                                                              \
+    lp->err_type = rb_eZeroDivError;                                                           \
+    return;                                                                                    \
   }
 
 static void iter_int8_mod(na_loop_t* const lp) {
@@ -2117,9 +2131,9 @@ static void iter_int8_mod(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 #undef check_intdivzero
 
 static VALUE int8_mod_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_mod, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_mod, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
 }
@@ -2127,8 +2141,8 @@ static VALUE int8_mod_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 /*
   Binary mod.
   @overload % other
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-  @return [Numo::NArray] self % other
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+    @return [Numo::NArray] self % other
 */
 static VALUE int8_mod(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 
@@ -2167,9 +2181,9 @@ static void iter_int8_divmod(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_divmod_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_divmod, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 2, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_divmod, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 2, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
 }
@@ -2177,8 +2191,8 @@ static VALUE int8_divmod_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 /*
   Binary divmod.
   @overload divmod other
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-  @return [Numo::NArray] divmod of self and other.
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+    @return [Numo::NArray] divmod of self and other.
 */
 static VALUE int8_divmod(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 
@@ -2228,11 +2242,11 @@ static void iter_int8_pow_int32(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_pow_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain_i[2] = {{cT, 0}, {numo_cInt32, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_pow, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
-  ndfunc_t ndf_i = {iter_int8_pow_int32, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain_i, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain_i[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { numo_cInt32, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_pow, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
+  ndfunc_t ndf_i = { iter_int8_pow_int32, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain_i, aout };
 
   // fixme : use na.integer?
   if (FIXNUM_P(other) || rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, numo_cInt32)) {
@@ -2245,8 +2259,8 @@ static VALUE int8_pow_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 /*
   Binary power.
   @overload ** other
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-  @return [Numo::NArray] self to the other-th power.
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+    @return [Numo::NArray] self to the other-th power.
 */
 static VALUE int8_pow(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 
@@ -2308,12 +2322,12 @@ static void iter_int8_minus(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   Unary minus.
   @overload -@
-  @return [Numo::Int8] minus of self.
+    @return [Numo::Int8] minus of self.
 */
 static VALUE int8_minus(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_minus, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_minus, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
 }
@@ -2366,12 +2380,12 @@ static void iter_int8_reciprocal(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   Unary reciprocal.
   @overload reciprocal
-  @return [Numo::Int8] reciprocal of self.
+    @return [Numo::Int8] reciprocal of self.
 */
 static VALUE int8_reciprocal(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_reciprocal, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_reciprocal, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
 }
@@ -2424,12 +2438,12 @@ static void iter_int8_sign(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   Unary sign.
   @overload sign
-  @return [Numo::Int8] sign of self.
+    @return [Numo::Int8] sign of self.
 */
 static VALUE int8_sign(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_sign, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_sign, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
 }
@@ -2482,12 +2496,12 @@ static void iter_int8_square(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   Unary square.
   @overload square
-  @return [Numo::Int8] square of self.
+    @return [Numo::Int8] square of self.
 */
 static VALUE int8_square(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_square, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_square, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
 }
@@ -2514,9 +2528,9 @@ static void iter_int8_eq(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_eq_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{numo_cBit, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_eq, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cBit, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_eq, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
 }
@@ -2524,8 +2538,8 @@ static VALUE int8_eq_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 /*
   Comparison eq other.
   @overload eq other
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-  @return [Numo::Bit] result of self eq other.
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+    @return [Numo::Bit] result of self eq other.
 */
 static VALUE int8_eq(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 
@@ -2561,9 +2575,9 @@ static void iter_int8_ne(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_ne_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{numo_cBit, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_ne, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cBit, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_ne, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
 }
@@ -2571,8 +2585,8 @@ static VALUE int8_ne_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 /*
   Comparison ne other.
   @overload ne other
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-  @return [Numo::Bit] result of self ne other.
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+    @return [Numo::Bit] result of self ne other.
 */
 static VALUE int8_ne(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 
@@ -2586,7 +2600,7 @@ static VALUE int8_ne(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
   }
 }
 
-#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                                                    \
+#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                    \
   {}
 
 static void iter_int8_bit_and(na_loop_t* const lp) {
@@ -2646,9 +2660,9 @@ static void iter_int8_bit_and(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 #undef check_intdivzero
 
 static VALUE int8_bit_and_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_bit_and, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_bit_and, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
 }
@@ -2656,8 +2670,8 @@ static VALUE int8_bit_and_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 /*
   Binary bit_and.
   @overload & other
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-  @return [Numo::NArray] self & other
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+    @return [Numo::NArray] self & other
 */
 static VALUE int8_bit_and(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 
@@ -2672,7 +2686,7 @@ static VALUE int8_bit_and(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
   }
 }
 
-#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                                                    \
+#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                    \
   {}
 
 static void iter_int8_bit_or(na_loop_t* const lp) {
@@ -2732,9 +2746,9 @@ static void iter_int8_bit_or(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 #undef check_intdivzero
 
 static VALUE int8_bit_or_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_bit_or, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_bit_or, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
 }
@@ -2742,8 +2756,8 @@ static VALUE int8_bit_or_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 /*
   Binary bit_or.
   @overload | other
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-  @return [Numo::NArray] self | other
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+    @return [Numo::NArray] self | other
 */
 static VALUE int8_bit_or(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 
@@ -2758,7 +2772,7 @@ static VALUE int8_bit_or(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
   }
 }
 
-#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                                                    \
+#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                    \
   {}
 
 static void iter_int8_bit_xor(na_loop_t* const lp) {
@@ -2818,9 +2832,9 @@ static void iter_int8_bit_xor(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 #undef check_intdivzero
 
 static VALUE int8_bit_xor_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_bit_xor, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_bit_xor, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
 }
@@ -2828,8 +2842,8 @@ static VALUE int8_bit_xor_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 /*
   Binary bit_xor.
   @overload ^ other
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-  @return [Numo::NArray] self ^ other
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+    @return [Numo::NArray] self ^ other
 */
 static VALUE int8_bit_xor(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 
@@ -2892,17 +2906,17 @@ static void iter_int8_bit_not(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   Unary bit_not.
   @overload ~
-  @return [Numo::Int8] bit_not of self.
+    @return [Numo::Int8] bit_not of self.
 */
 static VALUE int8_bit_not(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_bit_not, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_bit_not, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
 }
 
-#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                                                    \
+#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                    \
   {}
 
 static void iter_int8_left_shift(na_loop_t* const lp) {
@@ -2962,9 +2976,9 @@ static void iter_int8_left_shift(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 #undef check_intdivzero
 
 static VALUE int8_left_shift_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_left_shift, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_left_shift, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
 }
@@ -2972,8 +2986,8 @@ static VALUE int8_left_shift_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 /*
   Binary left_shift.
   @overload << other
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-  @return [Numo::NArray] self << other
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+    @return [Numo::NArray] self << other
 */
 static VALUE int8_left_shift(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 
@@ -2988,7 +3002,7 @@ static VALUE int8_left_shift(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
   }
 }
 
-#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                                                    \
+#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                    \
   {}
 
 static void iter_int8_right_shift(na_loop_t* const lp) {
@@ -3048,9 +3062,9 @@ static void iter_int8_right_shift(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 #undef check_intdivzero
 
 static VALUE int8_right_shift_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_right_shift, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_right_shift, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
 }
@@ -3058,8 +3072,8 @@ static VALUE int8_right_shift_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 /*
   Binary right_shift.
   @overload >> other
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-  @return [Numo::NArray] self >> other
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+    @return [Numo::NArray] self >> other
 */
 static VALUE int8_right_shift(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 
@@ -3096,9 +3110,9 @@ static void iter_int8_gt(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_gt_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{numo_cBit, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_gt, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cBit, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_gt, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
 }
@@ -3106,8 +3120,8 @@ static VALUE int8_gt_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 /*
   Comparison gt other.
   @overload gt other
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-  @return [Numo::Bit] result of self gt other.
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+    @return [Numo::Bit] result of self gt other.
 */
 static VALUE int8_gt(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 
@@ -3143,9 +3157,9 @@ static void iter_int8_ge(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_ge_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{numo_cBit, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_ge, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cBit, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_ge, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
 }
@@ -3153,8 +3167,8 @@ static VALUE int8_ge_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 /*
   Comparison ge other.
   @overload ge other
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-  @return [Numo::Bit] result of self ge other.
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+    @return [Numo::Bit] result of self ge other.
 */
 static VALUE int8_ge(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 
@@ -3190,9 +3204,9 @@ static void iter_int8_lt(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_lt_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{numo_cBit, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_lt, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cBit, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_lt, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
 }
@@ -3200,8 +3214,8 @@ static VALUE int8_lt_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 /*
   Comparison lt other.
   @overload lt other
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-  @return [Numo::Bit] result of self lt other.
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+    @return [Numo::Bit] result of self lt other.
 */
 static VALUE int8_lt(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 
@@ -3237,9 +3251,9 @@ static void iter_int8_le(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_le_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{numo_cBit, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_le, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cBit, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_le, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
 }
@@ -3247,8 +3261,8 @@ static VALUE int8_le_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 /*
   Comparison le other.
   @overload le other
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-  @return [Numo::Bit] result of self le other.
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+    @return [Numo::Bit] result of self le other.
 */
 static VALUE int8_le(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 
@@ -3331,9 +3345,9 @@ static void iter_int8_clip_max(na_loop_t* const lp) {
   Clip array elements by [min,max].
   If either of min or max is nil, one side is clipped.
   @overload clip(min,max)
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] min
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] max
-  @return [Numo::NArray] result of clip.
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] min
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] max
+    @return [Numo::NArray] result of clip.
 
   @example
       a = Numo::Int32.new(10).seq
@@ -3358,11 +3372,11 @@ static void iter_int8_clip_max(na_loop_t* const lp) {
       # [3, 4, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8]
 */
 static VALUE int8_clip(VALUE self, VALUE min, VALUE max) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[3] = {{Qnil, 0}, {cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf_min = {iter_int8_clip_min, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
-  ndfunc_t ndf_max = {iter_int8_clip_max, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
-  ndfunc_t ndf_both = {iter_int8_clip, STRIDE_LOOP, 3, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[3] = { { Qnil, 0 }, { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf_min = { iter_int8_clip_min, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
+  ndfunc_t ndf_max = { iter_int8_clip_max, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
+  ndfunc_t ndf_both = { iter_int8_clip, STRIDE_LOOP, 3, 1, ain, aout };
 
   if (RTEST(min)) {
     if (RTEST(max)) {
@@ -3394,15 +3408,16 @@ static void iter_int8_sum(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   sum of self.
   @overload sum(axis:nil, keepdims:false)
-  @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs sum along the axis.
-  @param [TrueClass] keepdims  If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array as dimensions with size one.
-  @return [Numo::Int8] returns result of sum.
+    @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs sum along the axis.
+    @param [TrueClass] keepdims  If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array as
+    dimensions with size one.
+    @return [Numo::Int8] returns result of sum.
 */
 static VALUE int8_sum(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   VALUE v, reduce;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {sym_reduce, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{numo_cInt64, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_sum, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { sym_reduce, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cInt64, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_sum, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   reduce = na_reduce_dimension(argc, argv, 1, &self, &ndf, 0);
 
@@ -3426,15 +3441,16 @@ static void iter_int8_prod(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   prod of self.
   @overload prod(axis:nil, keepdims:false)
-  @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs prod along the axis.
-  @param [TrueClass] keepdims  If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array as dimensions with size one.
-  @return [Numo::Int8] returns result of prod.
+    @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs prod along the axis.
+    @param [TrueClass] keepdims  If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array as
+    dimensions with size one.
+    @return [Numo::Int8] returns result of prod.
 */
 static VALUE int8_prod(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   VALUE v, reduce;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {sym_reduce, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{numo_cInt64, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_prod, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { sym_reduce, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cInt64, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_prod, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   reduce = na_reduce_dimension(argc, argv, 1, &self, &ndf, 0);
 
@@ -3458,15 +3474,16 @@ static void iter_int8_min(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   min of self.
   @overload min(axis:nil, keepdims:false)
-  @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs min along the axis.
-  @param [TrueClass] keepdims  If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array as dimensions with size one.
-  @return [Numo::Int8] returns result of min.
+    @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs min along the axis.
+    @param [TrueClass] keepdims  If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array as
+    dimensions with size one.
+    @return [Numo::Int8] returns result of min.
 */
 static VALUE int8_min(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   VALUE v, reduce;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {sym_reduce, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_min, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { sym_reduce, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_min, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   reduce = na_reduce_dimension(argc, argv, 1, &self, &ndf, 0);
 
@@ -3490,15 +3507,16 @@ static void iter_int8_max(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   max of self.
   @overload max(axis:nil, keepdims:false)
-  @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs max along the axis.
-  @param [TrueClass] keepdims  If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array as dimensions with size one.
-  @return [Numo::Int8] returns result of max.
+    @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs max along the axis.
+    @param [TrueClass] keepdims  If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array as
+    dimensions with size one.
+    @return [Numo::Int8] returns result of max.
 */
 static VALUE int8_max(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   VALUE v, reduce;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {sym_reduce, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_max, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { sym_reduce, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_max, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   reduce = na_reduce_dimension(argc, argv, 1, &self, &ndf, 0);
 
@@ -3522,15 +3540,16 @@ static void iter_int8_ptp(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   ptp of self.
   @overload ptp(axis:nil, keepdims:false)
-  @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs ptp along the axis.
-  @param [TrueClass] keepdims  If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array as dimensions with size one.
-  @return [Numo::Int8] returns result of ptp.
+    @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs ptp along the axis.
+    @param [TrueClass] keepdims  If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array as
+    dimensions with size one.
+    @return [Numo::Int8] returns result of ptp.
 */
 static VALUE int8_ptp(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   VALUE v, reduce;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {sym_reduce, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_ptp, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { sym_reduce, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_ptp, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   reduce = na_reduce_dimension(argc, argv, 1, &self, &ndf, 0);
 
@@ -3576,8 +3595,9 @@ static void iter_int8_max_index_index32(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   Index of the maximum value.
   @overload max_index(axis:nil)
-  @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Finds maximum values along the axis and returns **flat 1-d indices**.
-  @return [Integer,Numo::Int] returns result indices.
+    @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Finds maximum values along the axis and returns **flat
+    1-d indices**.
+    @return [Integer,Numo::Int] returns result indices.
   @see #argmax
   @see #max
 
@@ -3594,9 +3614,9 @@ static void iter_int8_max_index_index32(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 static VALUE int8_max_index(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   narray_t* na;
   VALUE idx, reduce;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[3] = {{Qnil, 0}, {Qnil, 0}, {sym_reduce, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{0, 0, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {0, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE | NDF_EXTRACT, 3, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[3] = { { Qnil, 0 }, { Qnil, 0 }, { sym_reduce, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { 0, 0, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { 0, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE | NDF_EXTRACT, 3, 1, ain, aout };
 
   GetNArray(self, na);
   if (na->ndim == 0) {
@@ -3658,8 +3678,9 @@ static void iter_int8_min_index_index32(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   Index of the minimum value.
   @overload min_index(axis:nil)
-  @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Finds minimum values along the axis and returns **flat 1-d indices**.
-  @return [Integer,Numo::Int] returns result indices.
+    @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Finds minimum values along the axis and returns **flat
+    1-d indices**.
+    @return [Integer,Numo::Int] returns result indices.
   @see #argmin
   @see #min
 
@@ -3676,9 +3697,9 @@ static void iter_int8_min_index_index32(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 static VALUE int8_min_index(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   narray_t* na;
   VALUE idx, reduce;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[3] = {{Qnil, 0}, {Qnil, 0}, {sym_reduce, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{0, 0, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {0, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE | NDF_EXTRACT, 3, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[3] = { { Qnil, 0 }, { Qnil, 0 }, { sym_reduce, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { 0, 0, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { 0, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE | NDF_EXTRACT, 3, 1, ain, aout };
 
   GetNArray(self, na);
   if (na->ndim == 0) {
@@ -3738,8 +3759,9 @@ static void iter_int8_argmax_arg32(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   Index of the maximum value.
   @overload argmax(axis:nil)
-  @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Finds maximum values along the axis and returns **indices along the axis**.
-  @return [Integer,Numo::Int] returns the result indices.
+    @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Finds maximum values along the axis and returns **indices
+    along the axis**.
+    @return [Integer,Numo::Int] returns the result indices.
   @see #max_index
   @see #max
 
@@ -3756,9 +3778,9 @@ static void iter_int8_argmax_arg32(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 static VALUE int8_argmax(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   narray_t* na;
   VALUE reduce;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{Qnil, 0}, {sym_reduce, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{0, 0, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {0, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE | NDF_EXTRACT, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { Qnil, 0 }, { sym_reduce, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { 0, 0, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { 0, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE | NDF_EXTRACT, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   GetNArray(self, na);
   if (na->ndim == 0) {
@@ -3815,8 +3837,9 @@ static void iter_int8_argmin_arg32(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   Index of the minimum value.
   @overload argmin(axis:nil)
-  @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Finds minimum values along the axis and returns **indices along the axis**.
-  @return [Integer,Numo::Int] returns the result indices.
+    @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Finds minimum values along the axis and returns **indices
+    along the axis**.
+    @return [Integer,Numo::Int] returns the result indices.
   @see #min_index
   @see #min
 
@@ -3833,9 +3856,9 @@ static void iter_int8_argmin_arg32(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 static VALUE int8_argmin(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   narray_t* na;
   VALUE reduce;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{Qnil, 0}, {sym_reduce, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{0, 0, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {0, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE | NDF_EXTRACT, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { Qnil, 0 }, { sym_reduce, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { 0, 0, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { 0, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE | NDF_EXTRACT, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   GetNArray(self, na);
   if (na->ndim == 0) {
@@ -3875,29 +3898,24 @@ static void iter_int8_minmax(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   minmax of self.
   @overload minmax(axis:nil, keepdims:false)
-  @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Finds min-max along the axis.
-  @param [TrueClass] keepdims (keyword) If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array as dimensions with size one.
-  @return [Numo::Int8,Numo::Int8] min and max of self.
+    @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Finds min-max along the axis.
+    @param [TrueClass] keepdims (keyword) If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array
+    as dimensions with size one.
+    @return [Numo::Int8,Numo::Int8] min and max of self.
 */
 static VALUE int8_minmax(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   VALUE reduce;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {sym_reduce, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_minmax, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE | NDF_EXTRACT, 2, 2, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { sym_reduce, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = {
+    iter_int8_minmax, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE | NDF_EXTRACT, 2, 2, ain, aout
+  };
 
   reduce = na_reduce_dimension(argc, argv, 1, &self, &ndf, 0);
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, reduce);
 }
 
-/*
-  Element-wise maximum of two arrays.
-
-  @overload maximum(a1, a2)
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] a1,a2  The arrays holding the elements to be compared.
-  @return [Numo::Int8]
-*/
-
 static void iter_int8_s_maximum(na_loop_t* const lp) {
   size_t i, n;
   char *p1, *p2, *p3;
@@ -3921,23 +3939,15 @@ static void iter_int8_s_maximum(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 static VALUE int8_s_maximum(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE mod) {
   VALUE a1 = Qnil;
   VALUE a2 = Qnil;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_s_maximum, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_s_maximum, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "20", &a1, &a2);
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, a1, a2);
 }
 
-/*
-  Element-wise minimum of two arrays.
-
-  @overload minimum(a1, a2)
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] a1,a2  The arrays holding the elements to be compared.
-  @return [Numo::Int8]
-*/
-
 static void iter_int8_s_minimum(na_loop_t* const lp) {
   size_t i, n;
   char *p1, *p2, *p3;
@@ -3961,9 +3971,9 @@ static void iter_int8_s_minimum(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 static VALUE int8_s_minimum(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE mod) {
   VALUE a1 = Qnil;
   VALUE a2 = Qnil;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_s_minimum, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_s_minimum, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "20", &a1, &a2);
 
@@ -4002,10 +4012,12 @@ static void iter_int8_bincount_32(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_bincount_32(VALUE self, size_t length) {
-  size_t shape_out[1] = {length};
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = {{cT, 1}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{numo_cUInt32, 1, shape_out}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_bincount_32, NO_LOOP | NDF_STRIDE_LOOP | NDF_INDEX_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout};
+  size_t shape_out[1] = { length };
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 1 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cUInt32, 1, shape_out } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = {
+    iter_int8_bincount_32, NO_LOOP | NDF_STRIDE_LOOP | NDF_INDEX_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout
+  };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
 }
@@ -4040,10 +4052,12 @@ static void iter_int8_bincount_64(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_bincount_64(VALUE self, size_t length) {
-  size_t shape_out[1] = {length};
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = {{cT, 1}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{numo_cUInt64, 1, shape_out}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_bincount_64, NO_LOOP | NDF_STRIDE_LOOP | NDF_INDEX_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout};
+  size_t shape_out[1] = { length };
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 1 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cUInt64, 1, shape_out } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = {
+    iter_int8_bincount_64, NO_LOOP | NDF_STRIDE_LOOP | NDF_INDEX_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout
+  };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
 }
@@ -4080,10 +4094,10 @@ static void iter_int8_bincount_sf(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_bincount_sf(VALUE self, VALUE weight, size_t length) {
-  size_t shape_out[1] = {length};
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 1}, {numo_cSFloat, 1}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{numo_cSFloat, 1, shape_out}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_bincount_sf, NO_LOOP | NDF_STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  size_t shape_out[1] = { length };
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 1 }, { numo_cSFloat, 1 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cSFloat, 1, shape_out } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_bincount_sf, NO_LOOP | NDF_STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, weight);
 }
@@ -4117,10 +4131,10 @@ static void iter_int8_bincount_df(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 }
 
 static VALUE int8_bincount_df(VALUE self, VALUE weight, size_t length) {
-  size_t shape_out[1] = {length};
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 1}, {numo_cDFloat, 1}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{numo_cDFloat, 1, shape_out}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_bincount_df, NO_LOOP | NDF_STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  size_t shape_out[1] = { length };
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 1 }, { numo_cDFloat, 1 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cDFloat, 1, shape_out } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_bincount_df, NO_LOOP | NDF_STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, weight);
 }
@@ -4131,13 +4145,13 @@ static VALUE int8_bincount_df(VALUE self, VALUE weight, size_t length) {
   Only Integer-types has this method.
 
   @overload bincount([weight], minlength:nil)
-  @param [SFloat or DFloat or Array] weight (optional) Array of
-    float values. Its size along last axis should be same as that of self.
-  @param [Integer] minlength (keyword, optional) Minimum size along
-    last axis for the output array.
-  @return [UInt32 or UInt64 or SFloat or DFloat]
-    Returns Float NArray if weight array is supplied,
-    otherwise returns UInt32 or UInt64 depending on the size along last axis.
+    @param [SFloat or DFloat or Array] weight (optional) Array of
+      float values. Its size along last axis should be same as that of self.
+    @param [Integer] minlength (keyword, optional) Minimum size along
+      last axis for the output array.
+    @return [UInt32 or UInt64 or SFloat or DFloat]
+      Returns Float NArray if weight array is supplied,
+      otherwise returns UInt32 or UInt64 depending on the size along last axis.
   @example
     Numo::Int32[0..4].bincount
     # => Numo::UInt32#shape=[5]
@@ -4160,9 +4174,9 @@ static VALUE int8_bincount_df(VALUE self, VALUE weight, size_t length) {
 */
 static VALUE int8_bincount(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   VALUE weight = Qnil, kw = Qnil;
-  VALUE opts[1] = {Qundef};
+  VALUE opts[1] = { Qundef };
   VALUE v, wclass;
-  ID table[1] = {id_minlength};
+  ID table[1] = { id_minlength };
   size_t length, minlength;
 
   rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01:", &weight, &kw);
@@ -4208,31 +4222,28 @@ static void iter_int8_cumsum(na_loop_t* const lp) {
   INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
   INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
   INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  // printf("i=%lu p1=%lx s1=%lu p2=%lx s2=%lu\n",i,(size_t)p1,s1,(size_t)p2,s2);
 
   GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
   SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, x);
-  // printf("i=%lu x=%f\n",i,x);
   for (i--; i--;) {
     GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, y);
     m_cumsum(x, y);
     SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, x);
-    // printf("i=%lu x=%f\n",i,x);
   }
 }
 
 /*
   cumsum of self.
   @overload cumsum(axis:nil, nan:false)
-  @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs cumsum along the axis.
-  @param [TrueClass] nan  If true, apply NaN-aware algorithm (avoid NaN if exists).
-  @return [Numo::Int8] cumsum of self.
+    @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs cumsum along the axis.
+    @param [TrueClass] nan  If true, apply NaN-aware algorithm (avoid NaN if exists).
+    @return [Numo::Int8] cumsum of self.
 */
 static VALUE int8_cumsum(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   VALUE reduce;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {sym_reduce, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_cumsum, STRIDE_LOOP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE | NDF_CUM, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { sym_reduce, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_cumsum, STRIDE_LOOP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE | NDF_CUM, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   reduce = na_reduce_dimension(argc, argv, 1, &self, &ndf, 0);
 
@@ -4248,31 +4259,30 @@ static void iter_int8_cumprod(na_loop_t* const lp) {
   INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
   INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
   INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  // printf("i=%lu p1=%lx s1=%lu p2=%lx s2=%lu\n",i,(size_t)p1,s1,(size_t)p2,s2);
 
   GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
   SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, x);
-  // printf("i=%lu x=%f\n",i,x);
   for (i--; i--;) {
     GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, y);
     m_cumprod(x, y);
     SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, x);
-    // printf("i=%lu x=%f\n",i,x);
   }
 }
 
 /*
   cumprod of self.
   @overload cumprod(axis:nil, nan:false)
-  @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs cumprod along the axis.
-  @param [TrueClass] nan  If true, apply NaN-aware algorithm (avoid NaN if exists).
-  @return [Numo::Int8] cumprod of self.
+    @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs cumprod along the axis.
+    @param [TrueClass] nan  If true, apply NaN-aware algorithm (avoid NaN if exists).
+    @return [Numo::Int8] cumprod of self.
 */
 static VALUE int8_cumprod(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   VALUE reduce;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{cT, 0}, {sym_reduce, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_cumprod, STRIDE_LOOP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE | NDF_CUM, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { sym_reduce, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = {
+    iter_int8_cumprod, STRIDE_LOOP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE | NDF_CUM, 2, 1, ain, aout
+  };
 
   reduce = na_reduce_dimension(argc, argv, 1, &self, &ndf, 0);
 
@@ -4318,9 +4328,9 @@ static void iter_int8_mulsum(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 static VALUE int8_mulsum_self(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   VALUE v, reduce;
   VALUE naryv[2];
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[4] = {{cT, 0}, {cT, 0}, {sym_reduce, 0}, {sym_init, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_mulsum, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP, 4, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[4] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 }, { sym_reduce, 0 }, { sym_init, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_mulsum, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP, 4, 1, ain, aout };
 
   if (argc < 1) {
     rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for >=1)", argc);
@@ -4340,10 +4350,11 @@ static VALUE int8_mulsum_self(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   Binary mulsum.
 
   @overload mulsum(other, axis:nil, keepdims:false)
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-  @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs mulsum along the axis.
-  @param [TrueClass] keepdims (keyword) If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array as dimensions with size one.
-  @return [Numo::NArray] mulsum of self and other.
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+    @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs mulsum along the axis.
+    @param [TrueClass] keepdims (keyword) If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array
+    as dimensions with size one.
+    @return [Numo::NArray] mulsum of self and other.
 */
 static VALUE int8_mulsum(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   //
@@ -4412,9 +4423,9 @@ static void iter_int8_seq(na_loop_t* const lp) {
      beg+i*step
   where i is 1-dimensional index.
   @overload seq([beg,[step]])
-  @param [Numeric] beg  beginning of sequence. (default=0)
-  @param [Numeric] step  step of sequence. (default=1)
-  @return [Numo::Int8] self.
+    @param [Numeric] beg  beginning of sequence. (default=0)
+    @param [Numeric] step  step of sequence. (default=1)
+    @return [Numo::Int8] self.
   @example
     Numo::DFloat.new(6).seq(1,-0.2)
     # => Numo::DFloat#shape=[6]
@@ -4424,17 +4435,17 @@ static void iter_int8_seq(na_loop_t* const lp) {
     # => Numo::DComplex#shape=[6]
     # [1+0i, 0.8+0.2i, 0.6+0.4i, 0.4+0.6i, 0.2+0.8i, 0+1i]
 */
-static VALUE int8_seq(int argc, VALUE* args, VALUE self) {
+static VALUE int8_seq(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   seq_opt_t* g;
   VALUE vbeg = Qnil, vstep = Qnil;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = {{OVERWRITE, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_seq, FULL_LOOP, 1, 0, ain, 0};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { OVERWRITE, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_seq, FULL_LOOP, 1, 0, ain, 0 };
 
   g = ALLOCA_N(seq_opt_t, 1);
   g->beg = m_zero;
   g->step = m_one;
   g->count = 0;
-  rb_scan_args(argc, args, "02", &vbeg, &vstep);
+  rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &vbeg, &vstep);
   if (vbeg != Qnil) {
     g->beg = NUM2DBL(vbeg);
   }
@@ -4478,15 +4489,15 @@ static void iter_int8_eye(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   Eye: Set a value to diagonal components, set 0 to non-diagonal components.
   @overload eye([element,offset])
-  @param [Numeric] element  Diagonal element to be stored. Default is 1.
-  @param [Integer] offset Diagonal offset from the main diagonal.  The
-      default is 0. k>0 for diagonals above the main diagonal, and k<0
-      for diagonals below the main diagonal.
-  @return [Numo::Int8] eye of self.
+    @param [Numeric] element  Diagonal element to be stored. Default is 1.
+    @param [Integer] offset Diagonal offset from the main diagonal.  The
+        default is 0. k>0 for diagonals above the main diagonal, and k<0
+        for diagonals below the main diagonal.
+    @return [Numo::Int8] eye of self.
 */
 static VALUE int8_eye(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = {{OVERWRITE, 2}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_eye, NO_LOOP, 1, 0, ain, 0};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { OVERWRITE, 2 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_eye, NO_LOOP, 1, 0, ain, 0 };
   ssize_t kofs;
   dtype data;
   char* g;
@@ -4516,17 +4527,21 @@ static VALUE int8_eye(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   // Diagonal offset from the main diagonal.
   if (kofs >= 0) {
     if ((size_t)(kofs) >= na->shape[nd - 1]) {
-      rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
-               "invalid diagonal offset(%" SZF "d) for "
-               "last dimension size(%" SZF "d)",
-               kofs, na->shape[nd - 1]);
+      rb_raise(
+        rb_eArgError,
+        "invalid diagonal offset(%" SZF "d) for "
+        "last dimension size(%" SZF "d)",
+        kofs, na->shape[nd - 1]
+      );
     }
   } else {
     if ((size_t)(-kofs) >= na->shape[nd - 2]) {
-      rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
-               "invalid diagonal offset(%" SZF "d) for "
-               "last-1 dimension size(%" SZF "d)",
-               kofs, na->shape[nd - 2]);
+      rb_raise(
+        rb_eArgError,
+        "invalid diagonal offset(%" SZF "d) for "
+        "last-1 dimension size(%" SZF "d)",
+        kofs, na->shape[nd - 2]
+      );
     }
   }
 
@@ -4610,9 +4625,10 @@ static void iter_int8_rand(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   Generate uniformly distributed random numbers on self narray.
   @overload rand([[low],high])
-  @param [Numeric] low  lower inclusive boundary of random numbers. (default=0)
-  @param [Numeric] high  upper exclusive boundary of random numbers. (default=1 or 1+1i for complex types)
-  @return [Numo::Int8] self.
+    @param [Numeric] low  lower inclusive boundary of random numbers. (default=0)
+    @param [Numeric] high  upper exclusive boundary of random numbers. (default=1 or 1+1i for
+    complex types)
+    @return [Numo::Int8] self.
   @example
     Numo::DFloat.new(6).rand
     # => Numo::DFloat#shape=[6]
@@ -4626,14 +4642,14 @@ static void iter_int8_rand(na_loop_t* const lp) {
     # => Numo::Int32#shape=[6]
     # [4, 3, 3, 2, 4, 2]
 */
-static VALUE int8_rand(int argc, VALUE* args, VALUE self) {
+static VALUE int8_rand(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   rand_opt_t g;
   VALUE v1 = Qnil, v2 = Qnil;
   dtype high;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = {{OVERWRITE, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_rand, FULL_LOOP, 1, 0, ain, 0};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { OVERWRITE, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_rand, FULL_LOOP, 1, 0, ain, 0 };
 
-  rb_scan_args(argc, args, "11", &v1, &v2);
+  rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &v1, &v2);
   if (v2 == Qnil) {
     g.low = m_zero;
     g.max = high = m_num_to_data(v1);
@@ -4672,15 +4688,15 @@ static void iter_int8_poly(na_loop_t* const lp) {
   Calculate polynomial.
     `x.poly(a0,a1,a2,...,an) = a0 + a1*x + a2*x**2 + ... + an*x**n`
   @overload poly a0, a1, ..., an
-  @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] a0,a1,...,an
-  @return [Numo::Int8]
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] a0,a1,...,an
+    @return [Numo::Int8]
 */
 static VALUE int8_poly(VALUE self, VALUE args) {
   int argc, i;
   VALUE* argv;
   volatile VALUE v, a;
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{cT, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_int8_poly, NO_LOOP, 0, 1, 0, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_int8_poly, NO_LOOP, 0, 1, 0, aout };
 
   argc = (int)RARRAY_LEN(args);
   ndf.nin = argc + 1;
@@ -4760,23 +4776,28 @@ static VALUE int8_poly(VALUE self, VALUE args) {
  * We have modified their original by adding a check for already-sorted input,
  * which seems to be a win per discussions on pgsql-hackers around 2006-03-21.
  */
-#define swapcode(TYPE, parmi, parmj, n)                                                                                        \
-  do {                                                                                                                         \
-    size_t i = (n) / sizeof(TYPE);                                                                                             \
-    TYPE* pi = (TYPE*)(void*)(parmi);                                                                                          \
-    TYPE* pj = (TYPE*)(void*)(parmj);                                                                                          \
-    do {                                                                                                                       \
-      TYPE t = *pi;                                                                                                            \
-      *pi++ = *pj;                                                                                                             \
-      *pj++ = t;                                                                                                               \
-    } while (--i > 0);                                                                                                         \
+#define swapcode(TYPE, parmi, parmj, n)                                                        \
+  do {                                                                                         \
+    size_t i = (n) / sizeof(TYPE);                                                             \
+    TYPE* pi = (TYPE*)(void*)(parmi);                                                          \
+    TYPE* pj = (TYPE*)(void*)(parmj);                                                          \
+    do {                                                                                       \
+      TYPE t = *pi;                                                                            \
+      *pi++ = *pj;                                                                             \
+      *pj++ = t;                                                                               \
+    } while (--i > 0);                                                                         \
   } while (0)
 
 #ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
-#define SWAPINIT(a, es) swaptype = (uintptr_t)(a) % sizeof(long) || (es) % sizeof(long) ? 2 : (es) == sizeof(long) ? 0 : 1;
+#define SWAPINIT(a, es)                                                                        \
+  swaptype = (uintptr_t)(a) % sizeof(long) || (es) % sizeof(long) ? 2                          \
+             : (es) == sizeof(long)                               ? 0                          \
+                                                                  : 1;
 #else
-#define SWAPINIT(a, es)                                                                                                        \
-  swaptype = ((char*)(a) - (char*)0) % sizeof(long) || (es) % sizeof(long) ? 2 : (es) == sizeof(long) ? 0 : 1;
+#define SWAPINIT(a, es)                                                                        \
+  swaptype = ((char*)(a) - (char*)0) % sizeof(long) || (es) % sizeof(long) ? 2                 \
+             : (es) == sizeof(long)                                        ? 0                 \
+                                                                           : 1;
 #endif
 
 static inline void swapfunc(char* a, char* b, size_t n, int swaptype) {
@@ -4786,19 +4807,20 @@ static inline void swapfunc(char* a, char* b, size_t n, int swaptype) {
     swapcode(char, a, b, n);
 }
 
-#define swap(a, b)                                                                                                             \
-  if (swaptype == 0) {                                                                                                         \
-    long t = *(long*)(void*)(a);                                                                                               \
-    *(long*)(void*)(a) = *(long*)(void*)(b);                                                                                   \
-    *(long*)(void*)(b) = t;                                                                                                    \
-  } else                                                                                                                       \
+#define swap(a, b)                                                                             \
+  if (swaptype == 0) {                                                                         \
+    long t = *(long*)(void*)(a);                                                               \
+    *(long*)(void*)(a) = *(long*)(void*)(b);                                                   \
+    *(long*)(void*)(b) = t;                                                                    \
+  } else                                                                                       \
     swapfunc(a, b, es, swaptype)
 
-#define vecswap(a, b, n)                                                                                                       \
+#define vecswap(a, b, n)                                                                       \
   if ((n) > 0) swapfunc((a), (b), (size_t)(n), swaptype)
 
-#define med3(a, b, c, _cmp)                                                                                                    \
-  (cmpgt(b, a) ? (cmpgt(c, b) ? b : (cmpgt(c, a) ? c : a)) : (cmpgt(b, c) ? b : (cmpgt(c, a) ? a : c)))
+#define med3(a, b, c, _cmp)                                                                    \
+  (cmpgt(b, a) ? (cmpgt(c, b) ? b : (cmpgt(c, a) ? c : a))                                     \
+               : (cmpgt(b, c) ? b : (cmpgt(c, a) ? a : c)))
 #endif
 
 #undef qsort_dtype
@@ -4888,15 +4910,15 @@ static void iter_int8_sort(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   sort of self.
   @overload sort(axis:nil)
-  @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs sort along the axis.
-  @return [Numo::Int8] returns result of sort.
+    @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs sort along the axis.
+    @return [Numo::Int8] returns result of sort.
   @example
       Numo::DFloat[3,4,1,2].sort #=> Numo::DFloat[1,2,3,4]
 */
 static VALUE int8_sort(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   VALUE reduce;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{OVERWRITE, 0}, {sym_reduce, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {0, NDF_HAS_LOOP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE, 2, 0, ain, 0};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { OVERWRITE, 0 }, { sym_reduce, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { 0, NDF_HAS_LOOP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE, 2, 0, ain, 0 };
 
   if (!TEST_INPLACE(self)) {
     self = na_copy(self);
@@ -4997,7 +5019,8 @@ loop:
     pm = med3(pl, pm, pn, cmp);
   }
   swap(a, pm);
-  for (pa = pb = (char*)a + es, pc = pd = (char*)a + (n - 1) * es; pb <= pc; pb += es, pc -= es) {
+  for (pa = pb = (char*)a + es, pc = pd = (char*)a + (n - 1) * es; pb <= pc;
+       pb += es, pc -= es) {
     while (pb <= pc && (r = cmp(pb, a)) <= 0) {
       if (r == 0) {
         swap(pa, pb);
@@ -5044,7 +5067,6 @@ static void int8_index64_qsort(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 
   ptr = (char**)(lp->opt_ptr);
 
-  // printf("(ptr=%lx, d_ptr=%lx,d_step=%ld, i_ptr=%lx,i_step=%ld,
   // o_ptr=%lx,o_step=%ld)\n",(size_t)ptr,(size_t)d_ptr,(ssize_t)d_step,(size_t)i_ptr,(ssize_t)i_step,(size_t)o_ptr,(ssize_t)o_step);
 
   if (n == 1) {
@@ -5054,21 +5076,17 @@ static void int8_index64_qsort(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 
   for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
     ptr[i] = d_ptr + d_step * i;
-    // printf("(%ld,%.3f)",i,*(double*)ptr[i]);
   }
 
   int8_index_qsort(ptr, n, sizeof(dtype*));
 
   // d_ptr = lp->args[0].ptr;
-  // printf("(d_ptr=%lx)\n",(size_t)d_ptr);
 
   for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
     idx = (ptr[i] - d_ptr) / d_step;
     *(idx_t*)o_ptr = *(idx_t*)(i_ptr + i_step * idx);
-    // printf("(idx[%ld]=%ld,%d)",i,idx,*(idx_t*)o_ptr);
     o_ptr += o_step;
   }
-  // printf("\n");
 }
 #undef idx_t
 
@@ -5086,7 +5104,6 @@ static void int8_index32_qsort(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 
   ptr = (char**)(lp->opt_ptr);
 
-  // printf("(ptr=%lx, d_ptr=%lx,d_step=%ld, i_ptr=%lx,i_step=%ld,
   // o_ptr=%lx,o_step=%ld)\n",(size_t)ptr,(size_t)d_ptr,(ssize_t)d_step,(size_t)i_ptr,(ssize_t)i_step,(size_t)o_ptr,(ssize_t)o_step);
 
   if (n == 1) {
@@ -5096,29 +5113,25 @@ static void int8_index32_qsort(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 
   for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
     ptr[i] = d_ptr + d_step * i;
-    // printf("(%ld,%.3f)",i,*(double*)ptr[i]);
   }
 
   int8_index_qsort(ptr, n, sizeof(dtype*));
 
   // d_ptr = lp->args[0].ptr;
-  // printf("(d_ptr=%lx)\n",(size_t)d_ptr);
 
   for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
     idx = (ptr[i] - d_ptr) / d_step;
     *(idx_t*)o_ptr = *(idx_t*)(i_ptr + i_step * idx);
-    // printf("(idx[%ld]=%ld,%d)",i,idx,*(idx_t*)o_ptr);
     o_ptr += o_step;
   }
-  // printf("\n");
 }
 #undef idx_t
 
 /*
   sort_index. Returns an index array of sort result.
   @overload sort_index(axis:nil)
-  @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs sort_index along the axis.
-  @return [Integer,Numo::Int] returns result index of sort_index.
+    @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs sort_index along the axis.
+    @return [Integer,Numo::Int] returns result index of sort_index.
   @example
       Numo::NArray[3,4,1,2].sort_index #=> Numo::Int32[2,3,0,1]
 */
@@ -5127,9 +5140,9 @@ static VALUE int8_sort_index(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   narray_t* na;
   VALUE idx, tmp, reduce, res;
   char* buf;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[3] = {{cT, 0}, {0, 0}, {sym_reduce, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{0, 0, 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {0, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE | NDF_CUM, 3, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[3] = { { cT, 0 }, { 0, 0 }, { sym_reduce, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { 0, 0, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { 0, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE | NDF_CUM, 3, 1, ain, aout };
 
   GetNArray(self, na);
   if (na->ndim == 0) {
@@ -5182,16 +5195,17 @@ static void iter_int8_median(na_loop_t* const lp) {
 /*
   median of self.
   @overload median(axis:nil, keepdims:false)
-  @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Finds median along the axis.
-  @param [TrueClass] keepdims  If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array as dimensions with size one.
-  @return [Numo::Int8] returns median of self.
+    @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Finds median along the axis.
+    @param [TrueClass] keepdims  If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array as
+    dimensions with size one.
+    @return [Numo::Int8] returns median of self.
 */
 
 static VALUE int8_median(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   VALUE v, reduce;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = {{OVERWRITE, 0}, {sym_reduce, 0}};
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{INT2FIX(0), 0}};
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {0, NDF_HAS_LOOP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE, 2, 1, ain, aout};
+  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { OVERWRITE, 0 }, { sym_reduce, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { INT2FIX(0), 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { 0, NDF_HAS_LOOP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE, 2, 1, ain, aout };
 
   self = na_copy(self); // as temporary buffer
 
@@ -5223,13 +5237,15 @@ void Init_numo_int8(void) {
   id_ne = rb_intern("ne");
   id_to_a = rb_intern("to_a");
 
-  /*
-    Document-class: Numo::Int8
-
-  */
+  /**
+   * Document-class: Numo::Int8
+   *
+   * 8-bit signed integer N-dimensional array class.
+   */
   cT = rb_define_class_under(mNumo, "Int8", cNArray);
 
   hCast = rb_hash_new();
+  /* Upcasting rules of Int8. */
   rb_define_const(cT, "UPCAST", hCast);
   rb_hash_aset(hCast, rb_cArray, cT);
 
@@ -5256,15 +5272,15 @@ void Init_numo_int8(void) {
   rb_hash_aset(hCast, numo_cUInt8, numo_cInt16);
   rb_obj_freeze(hCast);
 
-  /**/
+  /* Element size of Int8 in bits. */
   rb_define_const(cT, "ELEMENT_BIT_SIZE", INT2FIX(sizeof(dtype) * 8));
-  /**/
+  /* Element size of Int8 in bytes. */
   rb_define_const(cT, "ELEMENT_BYTE_SIZE", INT2FIX(sizeof(dtype)));
-  /**/
+  /* Stride size of contiguous Int8 array. */
   rb_define_const(cT, "CONTIGUOUS_STRIDE", INT2FIX(sizeof(dtype)));
-  /**/
+  /* The largest representable value of Int8. */
   rb_define_const(cT, "MAX", M_MAX);
-  /**/
+  /* The smallest representable value of Int8. */
   rb_define_const(cT, "MIN", M_MIN);
   rb_define_alloc_func(cT, int8_s_alloc_func);
   rb_define_method(cT, "allocate", int8_allocate, 0);
@@ -5335,7 +5351,19 @@ void Init_numo_int8(void) {
   rb_define_method(cT, "argmax", int8_argmax, -1);
   rb_define_method(cT, "argmin", int8_argmin, -1);
   rb_define_method(cT, "minmax", int8_minmax, -1);
+  /**
+   * Element-wise maximum of two arrays.
+   * @overload maximum(a1, a2)
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] a1,a2  The arrays holding the elements to be compared.
+   *   @return [Numo::Int8]
+   */
   rb_define_module_function(cT, "maximum", int8_s_maximum, -1);
+  /**
+   * Element-wise minimum of two arrays.
+   * @overload minimum(a1, a2)
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] a1,a2  The arrays holding the elements to be compared.
+   *   @return [Numo::Int8]
+   */
   rb_define_module_function(cT, "minimum", int8_s_minimum, -1);
   rb_define_method(cT, "bincount", int8_bincount, -1);
   rb_define_method(cT, "cumsum", int8_cumsum, -1);
@@ -5352,4 +5380,48 @@ void Init_numo_int8(void) {
   rb_define_method(cT, "sort_index", int8_sort_index, -1);
   rb_define_method(cT, "median", int8_median, -1);
   rb_define_singleton_method(cT, "[]", int8_s_cast, -2);
+  /**
+   * mean of self.
+   * @overload mean(axis: nil, keepdims: false, nan: false)
+   *   @param axis [Numeric, Array, Range] Performs mean along the axis.
+   *   @param keepdims [Boolean] If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array as
+   *     dimensions with size one.
+   *   @param nan [Boolean] If true, apply NaN-aware algorithm
+   *     (avoid NaN for sum/mean etc, or return NaN for min/max etc).
+   *   @return [Numo::DFloat] returns result of mean.
+   */
+  rb_define_method(cT, "mean", int8_mean, -1);
+  /**
+   * var of self.
+   * @overload var(axis: nil, keepdims: false, nan: false)
+   *   @param axis [Numeric, Array, Range] Performs var along the axis.
+   *   @param keepdims [Boolean] If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array as
+   *     dimensions with size one.
+   *   @param nan [Boolean] If true, apply NaN-aware algorithm
+   *     (avoid NaN for sum/mean etc, or, return NaN for min/max etc).
+   *   @return [Numo::DFloat] returns result of var.
+   */
+  rb_define_method(cT, "var", int8_var, -1);
+  /**
+   * stddev of self.
+   * @overload stddev(axis: nil, keepdims: false, nan: false)
+   *   @param axis [Numeric, Array, Range] Performs stddev along the axis.
+   *   @param keepdims [Boolean] If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array as
+   *     dimensions with size one.
+   *   @param nan [Boolean] If true, apply NaN-aware algorithm
+   *     (avoid NaN for sum/mean etc, or, return NaN for min/max etc).
+   *   @return [Numo::DFloat] returns result of stddev.
+   */
+  rb_define_method(cT, "stddev", int8_stddev, -1);
+  /**
+   * rms of self.
+   * @overload rms(axis: nil, keepdims: false, nan: false)
+   *   @param axis [Numeric, Array, Range] Performs rms along the axis.
+   *   @param keepdims [Boolean] If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array as
+   *     dimensions with size one.
+   *   @param nan [Boolean] If true, apply NaN-aware algorithm
+   *     (avoid NaN for sum/mean etc, or, return NaN for min/max etc).
+   *   @return [Numo::DFloat] returns result of rms.
+   */
+  rb_define_method(cT, "rms", int8_rms, -1);
 }