net-ssh 4.1.0 → 6.1.0

data/lib/net/ssh/connection/channel.rb

@@ -2,671 +2,691 @@ require 'net/ssh/loggable'
 require 'net/ssh/connection/constants'
 require 'net/ssh/connection/term'
 
-module Net; module SSH; module Connection
-
-  # The channel abstraction. Multiple "channels" can be multiplexed onto a
-  # single SSH channel, each operating independently and seemingly in parallel.
-  # This class represents a single such channel. Most operations performed
-  # with the Net::SSH library will involve using one or more channels.
-  #
-  # Channels are intended to be used asynchronously. You request that one be
-  # opened (via Connection::Session#open_channel), and when it is opened, your
-  # callback is invoked. Then, you set various other callbacks on the newly
-  # opened channel, which are called in response to the corresponding events.
-  # Programming with Net::SSH works best if you think of your programs as
-  # state machines. Complex programs are best implemented as objects that
-  # wrap a channel. See Net::SCP and Net::SFTP for examples of how complex
-  # state machines can be built on top of the SSH protocol.
-  #
-  #   ssh.open_channel do |channel|
-  #     channel.exec("/invoke/some/command") do |ch, success|
-  #       abort "could not execute command" unless success
-  #
-  #       channel.on_data do |ch, data|
-  #         puts "got stdout: #{data}"
-  #         channel.send_data "something for stdin\n"
-  #       end
-  #
-  #       channel.on_extended_data do |ch, type, data|
-  #         puts "got stderr: #{data}"
-  #       end
-  #
-  #       channel.on_close do |ch|
-  #         puts "channel is closing!"
-  #       end
-  #     end
-  #   end
-  #
-  #   ssh.loop
-  #
-  # Channels also have a basic hash-like interface, that allows programs to
-  # store arbitrary state information on a channel object. This helps simplify
-  # the writing of state machines, especially when you may be juggling
-  # multiple open channels at the same time.
-  #
-  # Note that data sent across SSH channels are governed by maximum packet
-  # sizes and maximum window sizes. These details are managed internally
-  # by Net::SSH::Connection::Channel, so you may remain blissfully ignorant
-  # if you so desire, but you can always inspect the current maximums, as
-  # well as the remaining window size, using the reader attributes for those
-  # values.
-  class Channel
-    include Constants, Loggable
-
-    # The local id for this channel, assigned by the Net::SSH::Connection::Session instance.
-    attr_reader :local_id
-
-    # The remote id for this channel, assigned by the remote host.
-    attr_reader :remote_id
-
-    # The type of this channel, usually "session".
-    attr_reader :type
-
-    # The underlying Net::SSH::Connection::Session instance that supports this channel.
-    attr_reader :connection
-
-    # The maximum packet size that the local host can receive.
-    attr_reader :local_maximum_packet_size
-
-    # The maximum amount of data that the local end of this channel can
-    # receive. This is a total, not per-packet.
-    attr_reader :local_maximum_window_size
-
-    # The maximum packet size that the remote host can receive.
-    attr_reader :remote_maximum_packet_size
-
-    # The maximum amount of data that the remote end of this channel can
-    # receive. This is a total, not per-packet.
-    attr_reader :remote_maximum_window_size
-
-    # This is the remaining window size on the local end of this channel. When
-    # this reaches zero, no more data can be received.
-    attr_reader :local_window_size
-
-    # This is the remaining window size on the remote end of this channel. When
-    # this reaches zero, no more data can be sent.
-    attr_reader :remote_window_size
-
-    # A hash of properties for this channel. These can be used to store state
-    # information about this channel. See also #[] and #[]=.
-    attr_reader :properties
-
-    # The output buffer for this channel. Data written to the channel is
-    # enqueued here, to be written as CHANNEL_DATA packets during each pass of
-    # the event loop. See Connection::Session#process and #enqueue_pending_output.
-    attr_reader :output #:nodoc:
-
-    # The list of pending requests. Each time a request is sent which requires
-    # a reply, the corresponding callback is pushed onto this queue. As responses
-    # arrive, they are shifted off the front and handled.
-    attr_reader :pending_requests #:nodoc:
-
-    # Instantiates a new channel on the given connection, of the given type,
-    # and with the given id. If a block is given, it will be remembered until
-    # the channel is confirmed open by the server, and will be invoked at
-    # that time (see #do_open_confirmation).
-    #
-    # This also sets the default maximum packet size and maximum window size.
-    def initialize(connection, type, local_id, max_pkt_size = 0x8000, max_win_size = 0x20000, &on_confirm_open)
-      self.logger = connection.logger
-
-      @connection = connection
-      @type       = type
-      @local_id   = local_id
-
-      @local_maximum_packet_size = max_pkt_size
-      @local_window_size = @local_maximum_window_size = max_win_size
-
-      @on_confirm_open = on_confirm_open
-
-      @output = Buffer.new
-
-      @properties = {}
-
-      @pending_requests = []
-      @on_open_failed = @on_data = @on_extended_data = @on_process = @on_close = @on_eof = nil
-      @on_request = {}
-      @closing = @eof = @sent_eof = @local_closed = @remote_closed = false
-    end
-
-    # A shortcut for accessing properties of the channel (see #properties).
-    def [](name)
-      @properties[name]
-    end
-
-    # A shortcut for setting properties of the channel (see #properties).
-    def []=(name, value)
-      @properties[name] = value
-    end
-
-    # Syntactic sugar for executing a command. Sends a channel request asking
-    # that the given command be invoked. If the block is given, it will be
-    # called when the server responds. The first parameter will be the
-    # channel, and the second will be true or false, indicating whether the
-    # request succeeded or not. In this case, success means that the command
-    # is being executed, not that it has completed, and failure means that the
-    # command altogether failed to be executed.
-    #
-    #   channel.exec "ls -l /home" do |ch, success|
-    #     if success
-    #       puts "command has begun executing..."
-    #       # this is a good place to hang callbacks like #on_data...
-    #     else
-    #       puts "alas! the command could not be invoked!"
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    def exec(command, &block)
-      send_channel_request("exec", :string, command, &block)
-    end
-
-    # Syntactic sugar for requesting that a subsystem be started. Subsystems
-    # are a way for other protocols (like SFTP) to be run, using SSH as
-    # the transport. Generally, you'll never need to call this directly unless
-    # you are the implementor of something that consumes an SSH subsystem, like
-    # SFTP.
-    #
-    #   channel.subsystem("sftp") do |ch, success|
-    #     if success
-    #       puts "subsystem successfully started"
-    #     else
-    #       puts "subsystem could not be started"
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    def subsystem(subsystem, &block)
-      send_channel_request("subsystem", :string, subsystem, &block)
-    end
-
-    # Syntactic sugar for setting an environment variable in the remote
-    # process' environment. Note that for security reasons, the server may
-    # refuse to set certain environment variables, or all, at the server's
-    # discretion. If you are connecting to an OpenSSH server, you will
-    # need to update the AcceptEnv setting in the sshd_config to include the
-    # environment variables you want to send.
-    #
-    #   channel.env "PATH", "/usr/local/bin"
-    def env(variable_name, variable_value, &block)
-      send_channel_request("env", :string, variable_name, :string, variable_value, &block)
-    end
-
-    # A hash of the valid PTY options (see #request_pty).
-    VALID_PTY_OPTIONS = { term: "xterm",
-                          chars_wide: 80,
-                          chars_high: 24,
-                          pixels_wide: 640,
-                          pixels_high: 480,
-                          modes: {} }
-
-    # Requests that a pseudo-tty (or "pty") be made available for this channel.
-    # This is useful when you want to invoke and interact with some kind of
-    # screen-based program (e.g., vim, or some menuing system).
-    #
-    # Note, that without a pty some programs (e.g. sudo, or subversion) on
-    # some systems, will not be able to run interactively, and will error
-    # instead of prompt if they ever need some user interaction.
-    #
-    # Note, too, that when a pty is requested, user's shell configuration
-    # scripts (.bashrc and such) are not run by default, whereas they are
-    # run when a pty is not present.
-    #
-    #   channel.request_pty do |ch, success|
-    #     if success
-    #       puts "pty successfully obtained"
-    #     else
-    #       puts "could not obtain pty"
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    def request_pty(opts={}, &block)
-      extra = opts.keys - VALID_PTY_OPTIONS.keys
-      raise ArgumentError, "invalid option(s) to request_pty: #{extra.inspect}" if extra.any?
-
-      opts = VALID_PTY_OPTIONS.merge(opts)
-
-      modes = opts[:modes].inject(Buffer.new) do |memo, (mode, data)|
-        memo.write_byte(mode).write_long(data)
-      end
-      # mark the end of the mode opcode list with a 0 byte
-      modes.write_byte(0)
-
-      send_channel_request("pty-req", :string, opts[:term],
-        :long, opts[:chars_wide], :long, opts[:chars_high],
-        :long, opts[:pixels_wide], :long, opts[:pixels_high],
-        :string, modes.to_s, &block)
-    end
-
-    # Sends data to the channel's remote endpoint. This usually has the
-    # effect of sending the given string to the remote process' stdin stream.
-    # Note that it does not immediately send the data across the channel,
-    # but instead merely appends the given data to the channel's output buffer,
-    # preparatory to being packaged up and sent out the next time the connection
-    # is accepting data. (A connection might not be accepting data if, for
-    # instance, it has filled its data window and has not yet been resized by
-    # the remote end-point.)
-    #
-    # This will raise an exception if the channel has previously declared
-    # that no more data will be sent (see #eof!).
-    #
-    #   channel.send_data("the password\n")
-    def send_data(data)
-      raise EOFError, "cannot send data if channel has declared eof" if eof?
-      output.append(data.to_s)
-    end
-
-    # Returns true if the channel exists in the channel list of the session,
-    # and false otherwise. This can be used to determine whether a channel has
-    # been closed or not.
-    #
-    #   ssh.loop { channel.active? }
-    def active?
-      connection.channels.key?(local_id)
-    end
-
-    # Runs the SSH event loop until the channel is no longer active. This is
-    # handy for blocking while you wait for some channel to finish.
-    #
-    #   channel.exec("grep ...") { ... }
-    #   channel.wait
-    def wait
-      connection.loop { active? }
-    end
-
-    # True if close() has been called; NOTE: if the channel has data waiting to
-    # be sent then the channel will close after all the data is sent. See
-    # closed?() to determine if we have actually sent CHANNEL_CLOSE to server.
-    # This may be true for awhile before closed? returns true if we are still
-    # sending buffered output to server.
-    def closing?
-      @closing
-    end
-
-    # True if we have sent CHANNEL_CLOSE to the remote server.
-    def local_closed?
-      @local_closed
-    end
-
-    def remote_closed?
-      @remote_closed
-    end
-
-    def remote_closed!
-      @remote_closed = true
-    end
-
-    # Requests that the channel be closed. It only marks the channel to be closed
-    # the CHANNEL_CLOSE message will be sent from event loop
-    def close
-      return if @closing
-      @closing = true
-    end
-
-    # Returns true if the local end of the channel has declared that no more
-    # data is forthcoming (see #eof!). Trying to send data via #send_data when
-    # this is true will result in an exception being raised.
-    def eof?
-      @eof
-    end
-
-    # Tells the remote end of the channel that no more data is forthcoming
-    # from this end of the channel. The remote end may still send data.
-    # The CHANNEL_EOF packet will be sent once the output buffer is empty.
-    def eof!
-      return if eof?
-      @eof = true
-    end
-
-    # If an #on_process handler has been set up, this will cause it to be
-    # invoked (passing the channel itself as an argument). It also causes all
-    # pending output to be enqueued as CHANNEL_DATA packets (see #enqueue_pending_output).
-    def process
-      @on_process.call(self) if @on_process
-      enqueue_pending_output
-
-      if @eof and not @sent_eof and output.empty? and remote_id and not @local_closed
-        connection.send_message(Buffer.from(:byte, CHANNEL_EOF, :long, remote_id))
-        @sent_eof = true
-      end
-
-      if @closing and not @local_closed and output.empty? and remote_id
-        connection.send_message(Buffer.from(:byte, CHANNEL_CLOSE, :long, remote_id))
-        @local_closed = true
-        connection.cleanup_channel(self)
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Registers a callback to be invoked when data packets are received by the
-    # channel. The callback is called with the channel as the first argument,
-    # and the data as the second.
-    #
-    #   channel.on_data do |ch, data|
-    #     puts "got data: #{data.inspect}"
-    #   end
-    #
-    # Data received this way is typically the data written by the remote
-    # process to its +stdout+ stream.
-    def on_data(&block)
-      old, @on_data = @on_data, block
-      old
-    end
-
-    # Registers a callback to be invoked when extended data packets are received
-    # by the channel. The callback is called with the channel as the first
-    # argument, the data type (as an integer) as the second, and the data as
-    # the third. Extended data is almost exclusively used to send +stderr+ data
-    # (+type+ == 1). Other extended data types are not defined by the SSH
-    # protocol.
-    #
-    #   channel.on_extended_data do |ch, type, data|
-    #     puts "got stderr: #{data.inspect}"
-    #   end
-    def on_extended_data(&block)
-      old, @on_extended_data = @on_extended_data, block
-      old
-    end
-
-    # Registers a callback to be invoked for each pass of the event loop for
-    # this channel. There are no guarantees on timeliness in the event loop,
-    # but it will be called roughly once for each packet received by the
-    # connection (not the channel). This callback is invoked with the channel
-    # as the sole argument.
-    #
-    # Here's an example that accumulates the channel data into a variable on
-    # the channel itself, and displays individual lines in the input one
-    # at a time when the channel is processed:
-    #
-    #   channel[:data] = ""
-    #
-    #   channel.on_data do |ch, data|
-    #     channel[:data] << data
-    #   end
-    #
-    #   channel.on_process do |ch|
-    #     if channel[:data] =~ /^.*?\n/
-    #       puts $&
-    #       channel[:data] = $'
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    def on_process(&block)
-      old, @on_process = @on_process, block
-      old
-    end
-
-    # Registers a callback to be invoked when the server acknowledges that a
-    # channel is closed. This is invoked with the channel as the sole argument.
-    #
-    #   channel.on_close do |ch|
-    #     puts "remote end is closing!"
-    #   end
-    def on_close(&block)
-      old, @on_close = @on_close, block
-      old
-    end
-
-    # Registers a callback to be invoked when the server indicates that no more
-    # data will be sent to the channel (although the channel can still send
-    # data to the server). The channel is the sole argument to the callback.
-    #
-    #   channel.on_eof do |ch|
-    #     puts "remote end is done sending data"
-    #   end
-    def on_eof(&block)
-      old, @on_eof = @on_eof, block
-      old
-    end
-
-    # Registers a callback to be invoked when the server was unable to open
-    # the requested channel. The channel itself will be passed to the block,
-    # along with the integer "reason code" for the failure, and a textual
-    # description of the failure from the server.
-    #
-    #   channel = session.open_channel do |ch|
-    #     # ..
-    #   end
-    #
-    #   channel.on_open_failed { |ch, code, desc| ... }
-    def on_open_failed(&block)
-      old, @on_open_failed = @on_open_failed, block
-      old
-    end
-
-    # Registers a callback to be invoked when a channel request of the given
-    # type is received. The callback will receive the channel as the first
-    # argument, and the associated (unparsed) data as the second. The data
-    # will be a Net::SSH::Buffer that you will need to parse, yourself,
-    # according to the kind of request you are watching.
-    #
-    # By default, if the request wants a reply, Net::SSH will send a
-    # CHANNEL_SUCCESS response for any request that was handled by a registered
-    # callback, and CHANNEL_FAILURE for any that wasn't, but if you want your
-    # registered callback to result in a CHANNEL_FAILURE response, just raise
-    # Net::SSH::ChannelRequestFailed.
-    #
-    # Some common channel requests that your programs might want to listen
-    # for are:
-    #
-    # * "exit-status" : the exit status of the remote process will be reported
-    #   as a long integer in the data buffer, which you can grab via
-    #   data.read_long.
-    # * "exit-signal" : if the remote process died as a result of a signal
-    #   being sent to it, the signal will be reported as a string in the
-    #   data, via data.read_string. (Not all SSH servers support this channel
-    #   request type.)
-    #
-    #     channel.on_request "exit-status" do |ch, data|
-    #       puts "process terminated with exit status: #{data.read_long}"
-    #     end
-    def on_request(type, &block)
-      old, @on_request[type] = @on_request[type], block
-      old
-    end
-
-    # Sends a new channel request with the given name. The extra +data+
-    # parameter must either be empty, or consist of an even number of
-    # arguments. See Net::SSH::Buffer.from for a description of their format.
-    # If a block is given, it is registered as a callback for a pending
-    # request, and the packet will be flagged so that the server knows a
-    # reply is required. If no block is given, the server will send no
-    # response to this request. Responses, where required, will cause the
-    # callback to be invoked with the channel as the first argument, and
-    # either true or false as the second, depending on whether the request
-    # succeeded or not. The meaning of "success" and "failure" in this context
-    # is dependent on the specific request that was sent.
-    #
-    #   channel.send_channel_request "shell" do |ch, success|
-    #     if success
-    #       puts "user shell started successfully"
-    #     else
-    #       puts "could not start user shell"
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    #
-    # Most channel requests you'll want to send are already wrapped in more
-    # convenient helper methods (see #exec and #subsystem).
-    def send_channel_request(request_name, *data, &callback)
-      info { "sending channel request #{request_name.inspect}" }
-      fail "Channel open not yet confirmed, please call send_channel_request(or exec) from block of open_channel" unless remote_id
-      msg = Buffer.from(:byte, CHANNEL_REQUEST,
-        :long, remote_id, :string, request_name,
-        :bool, !callback.nil?, *data)
-      connection.send_message(msg)
-      pending_requests << callback if callback
-    end
-
-    public # these methods are public, but for Net::SSH internal use only
-
-      # Enqueues pending output at the connection as CHANNEL_DATA packets. This
-      # does nothing if the channel has not yet been confirmed open (see
-      # #do_open_confirmation). This is called automatically by #process, which
-      # is called from the event loop (Connection::Session#process). You will
-      # generally not need to invoke it directly.
-      def enqueue_pending_output #:nodoc:
-        return unless remote_id
-
-        while output.length > 0
-          length = output.length
-          length = remote_window_size if length > remote_window_size
-          length = remote_maximum_packet_size if length > remote_maximum_packet_size
-
-          if length > 0
-            connection.send_message(Buffer.from(:byte, CHANNEL_DATA, :long, remote_id, :string, output.read(length)))
-            output.consume!
-            @remote_window_size -= length
-          else
-            break
+module Net
+  module SSH
+    module Connection
+
+      # The channel abstraction. Multiple "channels" can be multiplexed onto a
+      # single SSH channel, each operating independently and seemingly in parallel.
+      # This class represents a single such channel. Most operations performed
+      # with the Net::SSH library will involve using one or more channels.
+      #
+      # Channels are intended to be used asynchronously. You request that one be
+      # opened (via Connection::Session#open_channel), and when it is opened, your
+      # callback is invoked. Then, you set various other callbacks on the newly
+      # opened channel, which are called in response to the corresponding events.
+      # Programming with Net::SSH works best if you think of your programs as
+      # state machines. Complex programs are best implemented as objects that
+      # wrap a channel. See Net::SCP and Net::SFTP for examples of how complex
+      # state machines can be built on top of the SSH protocol.
+      #
+      #   ssh.open_channel do |channel|
+      #     channel.exec("/invoke/some/command") do |ch, success|
+      #       abort "could not execute command" unless success
+      #
+      #       channel.on_data do |ch, data|
+      #         puts "got stdout: #{data}"
+      #         channel.send_data "something for stdin\n"
+      #       end
+      #
+      #       channel.on_extended_data do |ch, type, data|
+      #         puts "got stderr: #{data}"
+      #       end
+      #
+      #       channel.on_close do |ch|
+      #         puts "channel is closing!"
+      #       end
+      #     end
+      #   end
+      #
+      #   ssh.loop
+      #
+      # Channels also have a basic hash-like interface, that allows programs to
+      # store arbitrary state information on a channel object. This helps simplify
+      # the writing of state machines, especially when you may be juggling
+      # multiple open channels at the same time.
+      #
+      # Note that data sent across SSH channels are governed by maximum packet
+      # sizes and maximum window sizes. These details are managed internally
+      # by Net::SSH::Connection::Channel, so you may remain blissfully ignorant
+      # if you so desire, but you can always inspect the current maximums, as
+      # well as the remaining window size, using the reader attributes for those
+      # values.
+      class Channel
+        include Loggable
+        include Constants
+    
+        # The local id for this channel, assigned by the Net::SSH::Connection::Session instance.
+        attr_reader :local_id
+    
+        # The remote id for this channel, assigned by the remote host.
+        attr_reader :remote_id
+    
+        # The type of this channel, usually "session".
+        attr_reader :type
+    
+        # The underlying Net::SSH::Connection::Session instance that supports this channel.
+        attr_reader :connection
+    
+        # The maximum packet size that the local host can receive.
+        attr_reader :local_maximum_packet_size
+    
+        # The maximum amount of data that the local end of this channel can
+        # receive. This is a total, not per-packet.
+        attr_reader :local_maximum_window_size
+    
+        # The maximum packet size that the remote host can receive.
+        attr_reader :remote_maximum_packet_size
+    
+        # The maximum amount of data that the remote end of this channel can
+        # receive. This is a total, not per-packet.
+        attr_reader :remote_maximum_window_size
+    
+        # This is the remaining window size on the local end of this channel. When
+        # this reaches zero, no more data can be received.
+        attr_reader :local_window_size
+    
+        # This is the remaining window size on the remote end of this channel. When
+        # this reaches zero, no more data can be sent.
+        attr_reader :remote_window_size
+    
+        # A hash of properties for this channel. These can be used to store state
+        # information about this channel. See also #[] and #[]=.
+        attr_reader :properties
+    
+        # The output buffer for this channel. Data written to the channel is
+        # enqueued here, to be written as CHANNEL_DATA packets during each pass of
+        # the event loop. See Connection::Session#process and #enqueue_pending_output.
+        attr_reader :output #:nodoc:
+    
+        # The list of pending requests. Each time a request is sent which requires
+        # a reply, the corresponding callback is pushed onto this queue. As responses
+        # arrive, they are shifted off the front and handled.
+        attr_reader :pending_requests #:nodoc:
+    
+        # Instantiates a new channel on the given connection, of the given type,
+        # and with the given id. If a block is given, it will be remembered until
+        # the channel is confirmed open by the server, and will be invoked at
+        # that time (see #do_open_confirmation).
+        #
+        # This also sets the default maximum packet size and maximum window size.
+        def initialize(connection, type, local_id, max_pkt_size = 0x8000, max_win_size = 0x20000, &on_confirm_open)
+          self.logger = connection.logger
+    
+          @connection = connection
+          @type       = type
+          @local_id   = local_id
+    
+          @local_maximum_packet_size = max_pkt_size
+          @local_window_size = @local_maximum_window_size = max_win_size
+    
+          @on_confirm_open = on_confirm_open
+    
+          @output = Buffer.new
+    
+          @properties = {}
+    
+          @pending_requests = []
+          @on_open_failed = @on_data = @on_extended_data = @on_process = @on_close = @on_eof = nil
+          @on_request = {}
+          @closing = @eof = @sent_eof = @local_closed = @remote_closed = false
+        end
+    
+        # A shortcut for accessing properties of the channel (see #properties).
+        def [](name)
+          @properties[name]
+        end
+    
+        # A shortcut for setting properties of the channel (see #properties).
+        def []=(name, value)
+          @properties[name] = value
+        end
+    
+        # Syntactic sugar for executing a command. Sends a channel request asking
+        # that the given command be invoked. If the block is given, it will be
+        # called when the server responds. The first parameter will be the
+        # channel, and the second will be true or false, indicating whether the
+        # request succeeded or not. In this case, success means that the command
+        # is being executed, not that it has completed, and failure means that the
+        # command altogether failed to be executed.
+        #
+        #   channel.exec "ls -l /home" do |ch, success|
+        #     if success
+        #       puts "command has begun executing..."
+        #       # this is a good place to hang callbacks like #on_data...
+        #     else
+        #       puts "alas! the command could not be invoked!"
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        def exec(command, &block)
+          send_channel_request("exec", :string, command, &block)
+        end
+    
+        # Syntactic sugar for requesting that a subsystem be started. Subsystems
+        # are a way for other protocols (like SFTP) to be run, using SSH as
+        # the transport. Generally, you'll never need to call this directly unless
+        # you are the implementor of something that consumes an SSH subsystem, like
+        # SFTP.
+        #
+        #   channel.subsystem("sftp") do |ch, success|
+        #     if success
+        #       puts "subsystem successfully started"
+        #     else
+        #       puts "subsystem could not be started"
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        def subsystem(subsystem, &block)
+          send_channel_request("subsystem", :string, subsystem, &block)
+        end
+    
+        # Syntactic sugar for setting an environment variable in the remote
+        # process' environment. Note that for security reasons, the server may
+        # refuse to set certain environment variables, or all, at the server's
+        # discretion. If you are connecting to an OpenSSH server, you will
+        # need to update the AcceptEnv setting in the sshd_config to include the
+        # environment variables you want to send.
+        #
+        #   channel.env "PATH", "/usr/local/bin"
+        def env(variable_name, variable_value, &block)
+          send_channel_request("env", :string, variable_name, :string, variable_value, &block)
+        end
+    
+        # A hash of the valid PTY options (see #request_pty).
+        VALID_PTY_OPTIONS = { term: "xterm",
+                              chars_wide: 80,
+                              chars_high: 24,
+                              pixels_wide: 640,
+                              pixels_high: 480,
+                              modes: {} }
+    
+        # Requests that a pseudo-tty (or "pty") be made available for this channel.
+        # This is useful when you want to invoke and interact with some kind of
+        # screen-based program (e.g., vim, or some menuing system).
+        #
+        # Note, that without a pty some programs (e.g. sudo, or subversion) on
+        # some systems, will not be able to run interactively, and will error
+        # instead of prompt if they ever need some user interaction.
+        #
+        # Note, too, that when a pty is requested, user's shell configuration
+        # scripts (.bashrc and such) are not run by default, whereas they are
+        # run when a pty is not present.
+        #
+        #   channel.request_pty do |ch, success|
+        #     if success
+        #       puts "pty successfully obtained"
+        #     else
+        #       puts "could not obtain pty"
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        def request_pty(opts={}, &block)
+          extra = opts.keys - VALID_PTY_OPTIONS.keys
+          raise ArgumentError, "invalid option(s) to request_pty: #{extra.inspect}" if extra.any?
+    
+          opts = VALID_PTY_OPTIONS.merge(opts)
+    
+          modes = opts[:modes].inject(Buffer.new) do |memo, (mode, data)|
+            memo.write_byte(mode).write_long(data)
           end
+          # mark the end of the mode opcode list with a 0 byte
+          modes.write_byte(0)
+    
+          send_channel_request("pty-req", :string, opts[:term],
+            :long, opts[:chars_wide], :long, opts[:chars_high],
+            :long, opts[:pixels_wide], :long, opts[:pixels_high],
+            :string, modes.to_s, &block)
         end
-      end
-
-      # Invoked when the server confirms that a channel has been opened.
-      # The remote_id is the id of the channel as assigned by the remote host,
-      # and max_window and max_packet are the maximum window and maximum
-      # packet sizes, respectively. If an open-confirmation callback was
-      # given when the channel was created, it is invoked at this time with
-      # the channel itself as the sole argument.
-      def do_open_confirmation(remote_id, max_window, max_packet) #:nodoc:
-        @remote_id = remote_id
-        @remote_window_size = @remote_maximum_window_size = max_window
-        @remote_maximum_packet_size = max_packet
-        connection.forward.agent(self) if connection.options[:forward_agent] && type == "session"
-        forward_local_env(connection.options[:send_env]) if connection.options[:send_env]
-        @on_confirm_open.call(self) if @on_confirm_open
-      end
-
-      # Invoked when the server failed to open the channel. If an #on_open_failed
-      # callback was specified, it will be invoked with the channel, reason code,
-      # and description as arguments. Otherwise, a ChannelOpenFailed exception
-      # will be raised.
-      def do_open_failed(reason_code, description)
-        if @on_open_failed
-          @on_open_failed.call(self, reason_code, description)
-        else
-          raise ChannelOpenFailed.new(reason_code, description)
+    
+        # Sends data to the channel's remote endpoint. This usually has the
+        # effect of sending the given string to the remote process' stdin stream.
+        # Note that it does not immediately send the data across the channel,
+        # but instead merely appends the given data to the channel's output buffer,
+        # preparatory to being packaged up and sent out the next time the connection
+        # is accepting data. (A connection might not be accepting data if, for
+        # instance, it has filled its data window and has not yet been resized by
+        # the remote end-point.)
+        #
+        # This will raise an exception if the channel has previously declared
+        # that no more data will be sent (see #eof!).
+        #
+        #   channel.send_data("the password\n")
+        def send_data(data)
+          raise EOFError, "cannot send data if channel has declared eof" if eof?
+          output.append(data.to_s)
         end
-      end
-
-      # Invoked when the server sends a CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST packet, and
-      # causes the remote window size to be adjusted upwards by the given
-      # number of bytes. This has the effect of allowing more data to be sent
-      # from the local end to the remote end of the channel.
-      def do_window_adjust(bytes) #:nodoc:
-        @remote_maximum_window_size += bytes
-        @remote_window_size += bytes
-      end
-
-      # Invoked when the server sends a channel request. If any #on_request
-      # callback has been registered for the specific type of this request,
-      # it is invoked. If +want_reply+ is true, a packet will be sent of
-      # either CHANNEL_SUCCESS or CHANNEL_FAILURE type. If there was no callback
-      # to handle the request, CHANNEL_FAILURE will be sent. Otherwise,
-      # CHANNEL_SUCCESS, unless the callback raised ChannelRequestFailed. The
-      # callback should accept the channel as the first argument, and the
-      # request-specific data as the second.
-      def do_request(request, want_reply, data) #:nodoc:
-        result = true
-
-        begin
-          callback = @on_request[request] or raise ChannelRequestFailed
-          callback.call(self, data)
-        rescue ChannelRequestFailed
-          result = false
+    
+        # Returns true if the channel exists in the channel list of the session,
+        # and false otherwise. This can be used to determine whether a channel has
+        # been closed or not.
+        #
+        #   ssh.loop { channel.active? }
+        def active?
+          connection.channels.key?(local_id)
         end
-
-        if want_reply
-          msg = Buffer.from(:byte, result ? CHANNEL_SUCCESS : CHANNEL_FAILURE, :long, remote_id)
+    
+        # Runs the SSH event loop until the channel is no longer active. This is
+        # handy for blocking while you wait for some channel to finish.
+        #
+        #   channel.exec("grep ...") { ... }
+        #   channel.wait
+        def wait
+          connection.loop { active? }
+        end
+    
+        # True if close() has been called; NOTE: if the channel has data waiting to
+        # be sent then the channel will close after all the data is sent. See
+        # closed?() to determine if we have actually sent CHANNEL_CLOSE to server.
+        # This may be true for awhile before closed? returns true if we are still
+        # sending buffered output to server.
+        def closing?
+          @closing
+        end
+    
+        # True if we have sent CHANNEL_CLOSE to the remote server.
+        def local_closed?
+          @local_closed
+        end
+    
+        def remote_closed?
+          @remote_closed
+        end
+    
+        def remote_closed!
+          @remote_closed = true
+        end
+    
+        # Requests that the channel be closed. It only marks the channel to be closed
+        # the CHANNEL_CLOSE message will be sent from event loop
+        def close
+          return if @closing
+          @closing = true
+        end
+    
+        # Returns true if the local end of the channel has declared that no more
+        # data is forthcoming (see #eof!). Trying to send data via #send_data when
+        # this is true will result in an exception being raised.
+        def eof?
+          @eof
+        end
+    
+        # Tells the remote end of the channel that no more data is forthcoming
+        # from this end of the channel. The remote end may still send data.
+        # The CHANNEL_EOF packet will be sent once the output buffer is empty.
+        def eof!
+          return if eof?
+          @eof = true
+        end
+    
+        # If an #on_process handler has been set up, this will cause it to be
+        # invoked (passing the channel itself as an argument). It also causes all
+        # pending output to be enqueued as CHANNEL_DATA packets (see #enqueue_pending_output).
+        def process
+          @on_process.call(self) if @on_process
+          enqueue_pending_output
+    
+          if @eof and not @sent_eof and output.empty? and remote_id and not @local_closed
+            connection.send_message(Buffer.from(:byte, CHANNEL_EOF, :long, remote_id))
+            @sent_eof = true
+          end
+    
+          if @closing and not @local_closed and output.empty? and remote_id
+            connection.send_message(Buffer.from(:byte, CHANNEL_CLOSE, :long, remote_id))
+            @local_closed = true
+            connection.cleanup_channel(self)
+          end
+        end
+    
+        # Registers a callback to be invoked when data packets are received by the
+        # channel. The callback is called with the channel as the first argument,
+        # and the data as the second.
+        #
+        #   channel.on_data do |ch, data|
+        #     puts "got data: #{data.inspect}"
+        #   end
+        #
+        # Data received this way is typically the data written by the remote
+        # process to its +stdout+ stream.
+        def on_data(&block)
+          old, @on_data = @on_data, block
+          old
+        end
+    
+        # Registers a callback to be invoked when extended data packets are received
+        # by the channel. The callback is called with the channel as the first
+        # argument, the data type (as an integer) as the second, and the data as
+        # the third. Extended data is almost exclusively used to send +stderr+ data
+        # (+type+ == 1). Other extended data types are not defined by the SSH
+        # protocol.
+        #
+        #   channel.on_extended_data do |ch, type, data|
+        #     puts "got stderr: #{data.inspect}"
+        #   end
+        def on_extended_data(&block)
+          old, @on_extended_data = @on_extended_data, block
+          old
+        end
+    
+        # Registers a callback to be invoked for each pass of the event loop for
+        # this channel. There are no guarantees on timeliness in the event loop,
+        # but it will be called roughly once for each packet received by the
+        # connection (not the channel). This callback is invoked with the channel
+        # as the sole argument.
+        #
+        # Here's an example that accumulates the channel data into a variable on
+        # the channel itself, and displays individual lines in the input one
+        # at a time when the channel is processed:
+        #
+        #   channel[:data] = ""
+        #
+        #   channel.on_data do |ch, data|
+        #     channel[:data] << data
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   channel.on_process do |ch|
+        #     if channel[:data] =~ /^.*?\n/
+        #       puts $&
+        #       channel[:data] = $'
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        def on_process(&block)
+          old, @on_process = @on_process, block
+          old
+        end
+    
+        # Registers a callback to be invoked when the server acknowledges that a
+        # channel is closed. This is invoked with the channel as the sole argument.
+        #
+        #   channel.on_close do |ch|
+        #     puts "remote end is closing!"
+        #   end
+        def on_close(&block)
+          old, @on_close = @on_close, block
+          old
+        end
+    
+        # Registers a callback to be invoked when the server indicates that no more
+        # data will be sent to the channel (although the channel can still send
+        # data to the server). The channel is the sole argument to the callback.
+        #
+        #   channel.on_eof do |ch|
+        #     puts "remote end is done sending data"
+        #   end
+        def on_eof(&block)
+          old, @on_eof = @on_eof, block
+          old
+        end
+    
+        # Registers a callback to be invoked when the server was unable to open
+        # the requested channel. The channel itself will be passed to the block,
+        # along with the integer "reason code" for the failure, and a textual
+        # description of the failure from the server.
+        #
+        #   channel = session.open_channel do |ch|
+        #     # ..
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   channel.on_open_failed { |ch, code, desc| ... }
+        def on_open_failed(&block)
+          old, @on_open_failed = @on_open_failed, block
+          old
+        end
+    
+        # Registers a callback to be invoked when a channel request of the given
+        # type is received. The callback will receive the channel as the first
+        # argument, and the associated (unparsed) data as the second. The data
+        # will be a Net::SSH::Buffer that you will need to parse, yourself,
+        # according to the kind of request you are watching.
+        #
+        # By default, if the request wants a reply, Net::SSH will send a
+        # CHANNEL_SUCCESS response for any request that was handled by a registered
+        # callback, and CHANNEL_FAILURE for any that wasn't, but if you want your
+        # registered callback to result in a CHANNEL_FAILURE response, just raise
+        # Net::SSH::ChannelRequestFailed.
+        #
+        # Some common channel requests that your programs might want to listen
+        # for are:
+        #
+        # * "exit-status" : the exit status of the remote process will be reported
+        #   as a long integer in the data buffer, which you can grab via
+        #   data.read_long.
+        # * "exit-signal" : if the remote process died as a result of a signal
+        #   being sent to it, the signal will be reported as a string in the
+        #   data, via data.read_string. (Not all SSH servers support this channel
+        #   request type.)
+        #
+        #     channel.on_request "exit-status" do |ch, data|
+        #       puts "process terminated with exit status: #{data.read_long}"
+        #     end
+        def on_request(type, &block)
+          old, @on_request[type] = @on_request[type], block
+          old
+        end
+    
+        # Sends a new channel request with the given name. The extra +data+
+        # parameter must either be empty, or consist of an even number of
+        # arguments. See Net::SSH::Buffer.from for a description of their format.
+        # If a block is given, it is registered as a callback for a pending
+        # request, and the packet will be flagged so that the server knows a
+        # reply is required. If no block is given, the server will send no
+        # response to this request. Responses, where required, will cause the
+        # callback to be invoked with the channel as the first argument, and
+        # either true or false as the second, depending on whether the request
+        # succeeded or not. The meaning of "success" and "failure" in this context
+        # is dependent on the specific request that was sent.
+        #
+        #   channel.send_channel_request "shell" do |ch, success|
+        #     if success
+        #       puts "user shell started successfully"
+        #     else
+        #       puts "could not start user shell"
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        # Most channel requests you'll want to send are already wrapped in more
+        # convenient helper methods (see #exec and #subsystem).
+        def send_channel_request(request_name, *data, &callback)
+          info { "sending channel request #{request_name.inspect}" }
+          fail "Channel open not yet confirmed, please call send_channel_request(or exec) from block of open_channel" unless remote_id
+          msg = Buffer.from(:byte, CHANNEL_REQUEST,
+            :long, remote_id, :string, request_name,
+            :bool, !callback.nil?, *data)
           connection.send_message(msg)
+          pending_requests << callback if callback
         end
-      end
-
-      # Invokes the #on_data callback when the server sends data to the
-      # channel. This will reduce the available window size on the local end,
-      # but does not actually throttle requests that come in illegally when
-      # the window size is too small. The callback is invoked with the channel
-      # as the first argument, and the data as the second.
-      def do_data(data) #:nodoc:
-        update_local_window_size(data.length)
-        @on_data.call(self, data) if @on_data
-      end
-
-      # Invokes the #on_extended_data callback when the server sends
-      # extended data to the channel. This will reduce the available window
-      # size on the local end. The callback is invoked with the channel,
-      # type, and data.
-      def do_extended_data(type, data)
-        update_local_window_size(data.length)
-        @on_extended_data.call(self, type, data) if @on_extended_data
-      end
-
-      # Invokes the #on_eof callback when the server indicates that no
-      # further data is forthcoming. The callback is invoked with the channel
-      # as the argument.
-      def do_eof
-        @on_eof.call(self) if @on_eof
-      end
-
-      # Invokes the #on_close callback when the server closes a channel.
-      # The channel is the only argument.
-      def do_close
-        @on_close.call(self) if @on_close
-      end
-
-      # Invokes the next pending request callback with +false+ as the second
-      # argument.
-      def do_failure
-        if callback = pending_requests.shift
-          callback.call(self, false)
-        else
-          error { "channel failure received with no pending request to handle it (bug?)" }
+    
+        public # these methods are public, but for Net::SSH internal use only
+    
+        # Enqueues pending output at the connection as CHANNEL_DATA packets. This
+        # does nothing if the channel has not yet been confirmed open (see
+        # #do_open_confirmation). This is called automatically by #process, which
+        # is called from the event loop (Connection::Session#process). You will
+        # generally not need to invoke it directly.
+        def enqueue_pending_output #:nodoc:
+          return unless remote_id
+    
+          while output.length > 0
+            length = output.length
+            length = remote_window_size if length > remote_window_size
+            length = remote_maximum_packet_size if length > remote_maximum_packet_size
+    
+            if length > 0
+              connection.send_message(Buffer.from(:byte, CHANNEL_DATA, :long, remote_id, :string, output.read(length)))
+              output.consume!
+              @remote_window_size -= length
+            else
+              break
+            end
+          end
         end
-      end
-
-      # Invokes the next pending request callback with +true+ as the second
-      # argument.
-      def do_success
-        if callback = pending_requests.shift
-          callback.call(self, true)
-        else
-          error { "channel success received with no pending request to handle it (bug?)" }
+    
+        # Invoked when the server confirms that a channel has been opened.
+        # The remote_id is the id of the channel as assigned by the remote host,
+        # and max_window and max_packet are the maximum window and maximum
+        # packet sizes, respectively. If an open-confirmation callback was
+        # given when the channel was created, it is invoked at this time with
+        # the channel itself as the sole argument.
+        def do_open_confirmation(remote_id, max_window, max_packet) #:nodoc:
+          @remote_id = remote_id
+          @remote_window_size = @remote_maximum_window_size = max_window
+          @remote_maximum_packet_size = max_packet
+          connection.forward.agent(self) if connection.options[:forward_agent] && type == "session"
+          forward_local_env(connection.options[:send_env]) if connection.options[:send_env]
+          set_remote_env(connection.options[:set_env]) if connection.options[:set_env]
+          @on_confirm_open.call(self) if @on_confirm_open
+        end
+    
+        # Invoked when the server failed to open the channel. If an #on_open_failed
+        # callback was specified, it will be invoked with the channel, reason code,
+        # and description as arguments. Otherwise, a ChannelOpenFailed exception
+        # will be raised.
+        def do_open_failed(reason_code, description)
+          if @on_open_failed
+            @on_open_failed.call(self, reason_code, description)
+          else
+            raise ChannelOpenFailed.new(reason_code, description)
+          end
+        end
+    
+        # Invoked when the server sends a CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST packet, and
+        # causes the remote window size to be adjusted upwards by the given
+        # number of bytes. This has the effect of allowing more data to be sent
+        # from the local end to the remote end of the channel.
+        def do_window_adjust(bytes) #:nodoc:
+          @remote_maximum_window_size += bytes
+          @remote_window_size += bytes
+        end
+    
+        # Invoked when the server sends a channel request. If any #on_request
+        # callback has been registered for the specific type of this request,
+        # it is invoked. If +want_reply+ is true, a packet will be sent of
+        # either CHANNEL_SUCCESS or CHANNEL_FAILURE type. If there was no callback
+        # to handle the request, CHANNEL_FAILURE will be sent. Otherwise,
+        # CHANNEL_SUCCESS, unless the callback raised ChannelRequestFailed. The
+        # callback should accept the channel as the first argument, and the
+        # request-specific data as the second.
+        def do_request(request, want_reply, data) #:nodoc:
+          result = true
+    
+          begin
+            callback = @on_request[request] or raise ChannelRequestFailed
+            callback.call(self, data)
+          rescue ChannelRequestFailed
+            result = false
+          end
+    
+          if want_reply
+            msg = Buffer.from(:byte, result ? CHANNEL_SUCCESS : CHANNEL_FAILURE, :long, remote_id)
+            connection.send_message(msg)
+          end
+        end
+    
+        # Invokes the #on_data callback when the server sends data to the
+        # channel. This will reduce the available window size on the local end,
+        # but does not actually throttle requests that come in illegally when
+        # the window size is too small. The callback is invoked with the channel
+        # as the first argument, and the data as the second.
+        def do_data(data) #:nodoc:
+          update_local_window_size(data.length)
+          @on_data.call(self, data) if @on_data
+        end
+    
+        # Invokes the #on_extended_data callback when the server sends
+        # extended data to the channel. This will reduce the available window
+        # size on the local end. The callback is invoked with the channel,
+        # type, and data.
+        def do_extended_data(type, data)
+          update_local_window_size(data.length)
+          @on_extended_data.call(self, type, data) if @on_extended_data
+        end
+    
+        # Invokes the #on_eof callback when the server indicates that no
+        # further data is forthcoming. The callback is invoked with the channel
+        # as the argument.
+        def do_eof
+          @on_eof.call(self) if @on_eof
+        end
+    
+        # Invokes the #on_close callback when the server closes a channel.
+        # The channel is the only argument.
+        def do_close
+          @on_close.call(self) if @on_close
+        end
+    
+        # Invokes the next pending request callback with +false+ as the second
+        # argument.
+        def do_failure
+          if callback = pending_requests.shift
+            callback.call(self, false)
+          else
+            error { "channel failure received with no pending request to handle it (bug?)" }
+          end
+        end
+    
+        # Invokes the next pending request callback with +true+ as the second
+        # argument.
+        def do_success
+          if callback = pending_requests.shift
+            callback.call(self, true)
+          else
+            error { "channel success received with no pending request to handle it (bug?)" }
+          end
         end
-      end
-
-    private
 
-      # Runs the SSH event loop until the remote confirmed channel open
-      # experimental api
-      def wait_until_open_confirmed
-        connection.loop { !remote_id }
-      end
+        private
 
-      # Updates the local window size by the given amount. If the window
-      # size drops to less than half of the local maximum (an arbitrary
-      # threshold), a CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST message will be sent to the
-      # server telling it that the window size has grown.
-      def update_local_window_size(size)
-        @local_window_size -= size
-        if local_window_size < local_maximum_window_size/2
-          connection.send_message(Buffer.from(:byte, CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST,
-            :long, remote_id, :long, 0x20000))
-          @local_window_size += 0x20000
-          @local_maximum_window_size += 0x20000
+        # Runs the SSH event loop until the remote confirmed channel open
+        # experimental api
+        def wait_until_open_confirmed
+          connection.loop { !remote_id }
         end
-      end
 
-      # Gets an +Array+ of local environment variables in the remote process'
-      # environment.
-      # A variable name can either be described by a +Regexp+ or +String+.
-      #
-      #   channel.forward_local_env [/^GIT_.*$/, "LANG"]
-      def forward_local_env(env_variable_patterns)
-        Array(env_variable_patterns).each do |env_variable_pattern|
-          matched_variables = ENV.find_all do |env_name, _|
-            case env_variable_pattern
-            when Regexp then env_name =~ env_variable_pattern
-            when String then env_name == env_variable_pattern
+        LOCAL_WINDOW_SIZE_INCREMENT = 0x20000
+        GOOD_LOCAL_MAXIUMUM_WINDOW_SIZE = 10 * LOCAL_WINDOW_SIZE_INCREMENT
+
+        # Updates the local window size by the given amount. If the window
+        # size drops to less than half of the local maximum (an arbitrary
+        # threshold), a CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST message will be sent to the
+        # server telling it that the window size has grown.
+        def update_local_window_size(size)
+          @local_window_size -= size
+          if local_window_size < local_maximum_window_size / 2
+            connection.send_message(
+              Buffer.from(:byte, CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST, :long, remote_id, :long, LOCAL_WINDOW_SIZE_INCREMENT)
+            )
+            @local_window_size += LOCAL_WINDOW_SIZE_INCREMENT
+
+            if @local_maximum_window_size < @local_window_size || @local_maximum_window_size < GOOD_LOCAL_MAXIUMUM_WINDOW_SIZE
+              @local_maximum_window_size += LOCAL_WINDOW_SIZE_INCREMENT
             end
           end
-          matched_variables.each do |env_name, env_value|
-            self.env(env_name, env_value)
+        end
+
+        # Gets an +Array+ of local environment variables in the remote process'
+        # environment.
+        # A variable name can either be described by a +Regexp+ or +String+.
+        #
+        #   channel.forward_local_env [/^GIT_.*$/, "LANG"]
+        def forward_local_env(env_variable_patterns)
+          Array(env_variable_patterns).each do |env_variable_pattern|
+            matched_variables = ENV.find_all do |env_name, _|
+              case env_variable_pattern
+              when Regexp then env_name =~ env_variable_pattern
+              when String then env_name == env_variable_pattern
+              end
+            end
+            matched_variables.each do |env_name, env_value|
+              self.env(env_name, env_value)
+            end
           end
         end
+
+        # Set a +Hash+ of environment variables in the remote process' environment.
+        #
+        #   channel.set_remote_env foo: 'bar', baz: 'whale'
+        def set_remote_env(env)
+          env.each { |key, value| self.env(key, value) }
+        end
       end
-  end
 
-end; end; end
+    end
+  end
+end