net-http 0.1.0

checksums.yaml

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+---
+SHA256:
+  metadata.gz: 14bdacaf426ba55dbcb6185d8f79591c7197574e40429fce13a9d7d3a8471245
+  data.tar.gz: f1c49cd5d4ddc6f465a58b6b01e4a1f9ac871386e018b16e34b747a001d84fb3
+SHA512:
+  metadata.gz: 7ecc73e91fd63c65b108ff6085028f7490c597b346fa03887b34e8693600618d513bd243eccbf0d9a5cfb808418f1bb548c71ff546358ded71e4641c596927a0
+  data.tar.gz: a89f8b7a499c914d94745d3b74c09206144fe7d8336b64aa1f3bfde9ed7890206c6b957834210960ff2272018881c500e65d05de73347f30534a55adaa9a447e

data/.github/workflows/test.yml

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+name: ubuntu
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: build (${{ matrix.ruby }} / ${{ matrix.os }})
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        ruby: [ 2.7, 2.6, head ]
+        os: [ ubuntu-latest, macos-latest ]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@master
+    - name: Set up Ruby
+      uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+      with:
+        ruby-version: ${{ matrix.ruby }}
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        gem install bundler --no-document
+        bundle install
+    - name: Run test
+      run: rake test

data/.gitignore

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+/.bundle/
+/.yardoc
+/_yardoc/
+/coverage/
+/doc/
+/pkg/
+/spec/reports/
+/tmp/

data/Gemfile

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+source "https://rubygems.org"
+
+gemspec
+
+gem "rake"
+gem "test-unit"

data/Gemfile.lock

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+PATH
+  remote: .
+  specs:
+    net-http (0.1.0)
+
+GEM
+  remote: https://rubygems.org/
+  specs:
+    power_assert (1.1.5)
+    rake (13.0.1)
+    test-unit (3.3.5)
+      power_assert
+
+PLATFORMS
+  ruby
+
+DEPENDENCIES
+  net-http!
+  rake
+  test-unit
+
+BUNDLED WITH
+   2.1.4

data/README.md

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+# Net::Http
+
+Net::HTTP provides a rich library which can be used to build HTTP
+user-agents.  For more details about HTTP see
+[RFC2616](http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt).
+
+Net::HTTP is designed to work closely with URI.  URI::HTTP#host,
+URI::HTTP#port and URI::HTTP#request_uri are designed to work with
+Net::HTTP.
+
+If you are only performing a few GET requests you should try OpenURI.
+
+## Installation
+
+Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
+
+```ruby
+gem 'net-http'
+```
+
+And then execute:
+
+    $ bundle install
+
+Or install it yourself as:
+
+    $ gem install net-http
+
+## Usage
+
+All examples assume you have loaded Net::HTTP with:
+
+```ruby
+require 'net/http'
+```
+
+This will also require 'uri' so you don't need to require it separately.
+
+The Net::HTTP methods in the following section do not persist
+connections.  They are not recommended if you are performing many HTTP
+requests.
+
+### GET
+
+```ruby
+Net::HTTP.get('example.com', '/index.html') # => String
+```
+
+### GET by URI
+
+```ruby
+uri = URI('http://example.com/index.html?count=10')
+Net::HTTP.get(uri) # => String
+```
+
+### GET with Dynamic Parameters
+
+```ruby 
+uri = URI('http://example.com/index.html')
+params = { :limit => 10, :page => 3 }
+uri.query = URI.encode_www_form(params)
+
+res = Net::HTTP.get_response(uri)
+puts res.body if res.is_a?(Net::HTTPSuccess)
+```
+
+### POST
+
+```ruby
+uri = URI('http://www.example.com/search.cgi')
+res = Net::HTTP.post_form(uri, 'q' => 'ruby', 'max' => '50')
+puts res.body
+```
+
+### POST with Multiple Values
+
+```ruby
+uri = URI('http://www.example.com/search.cgi')
+res = Net::HTTP.post_form(uri, 'q' => ['ruby', 'perl'], 'max' => '50')
+puts res.body
+```
+
+## Development
+
+After checking out the repo, run `bin/setup` to install dependencies. Then, run `rake test` to run the tests. You can also run `bin/console` for an interactive prompt that will allow you to experiment.
+
+To install this gem onto your local machine, run `bundle exec rake install`. To release a new version, update the version number in `version.rb`, and then run `bundle exec rake release`, which will create a git tag for the version, push git commits and tags, and push the `.gem` file to [rubygems.org](https://rubygems.org).
+
+## Contributing
+
+Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at https://github.com/ruby/net-http.
+

data/Rakefile

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+require "bundler/gem_tasks"
+require "rake/testtask"
+
+Rake::TestTask.new(:test) do |t|
+  t.libs << "test/lib"
+  t.ruby_opts << "-rhelper"
+  t.test_files = FileList["test/**/test_*.rb"]
+end
+
+task :default => :test

data/bin/console

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+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require "bundler/setup"
+require "net/http"
+
+# You can add fixtures and/or initialization code here to make experimenting
+# with your gem easier. You can also use a different console, if you like.
+
+# (If you use this, don't forget to add pry to your Gemfile!)
+# require "pry"
+# Pry.start
+
+require "irb"
+IRB.start(__FILE__)

data/bin/setup

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+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+IFS=$'\n\t'
+set -vx
+
+bundle install
+
+# Do any other automated setup that you need to do here

data/lib/net/http.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: false
+#
+# = net/http.rb
+#
+# Copyright (c) 1999-2007 Yukihiro Matsumoto
+# Copyright (c) 1999-2007 Minero Aoki
+# Copyright (c) 2001 GOTOU Yuuzou
+#
+# Written and maintained by Minero Aoki <aamine@loveruby.net>.
+# HTTPS support added by GOTOU Yuuzou <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>.
+#
+# This file is derived from "http-access.rb".
+#
+# Documented by Minero Aoki; converted to RDoc by William Webber.
+#
+# This program is free software. You can re-distribute and/or
+# modify this program under the same terms of ruby itself ---
+# Ruby Distribution License or GNU General Public License.
+#
+# See Net::HTTP for an overview and examples.
+#
+
+require 'net/protocol'
+require 'uri'
+autoload :OpenSSL, 'openssl'
+
+module Net   #:nodoc:
+
+  # :stopdoc:
+  class HTTPBadResponse < StandardError; end
+  class HTTPHeaderSyntaxError < StandardError; end
+  # :startdoc:
+
+  # == An HTTP client API for Ruby.
+  #
+  # Net::HTTP provides a rich library which can be used to build HTTP
+  # user-agents.  For more details about HTTP see
+  # [RFC2616](http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt).
+  #
+  # Net::HTTP is designed to work closely with URI.  URI::HTTP#host,
+  # URI::HTTP#port and URI::HTTP#request_uri are designed to work with
+  # Net::HTTP.
+  #
+  # If you are only performing a few GET requests you should try OpenURI.
+  #
+  # == Simple Examples
+  #
+  # All examples assume you have loaded Net::HTTP with:
+  #
+  #   require 'net/http'
+  #
+  # This will also require 'uri' so you don't need to require it separately.
+  #
+  # The Net::HTTP methods in the following section do not persist
+  # connections.  They are not recommended if you are performing many HTTP
+  # requests.
+  #
+  # === GET
+  #
+  #   Net::HTTP.get('example.com', '/index.html') # => String
+  #
+  # === GET by URI
+  #
+  #   uri = URI('http://example.com/index.html?count=10')
+  #   Net::HTTP.get(uri) # => String
+  #
+  # === GET with Dynamic Parameters
+  #
+  #   uri = URI('http://example.com/index.html')
+  #   params = { :limit => 10, :page => 3 }
+  #   uri.query = URI.encode_www_form(params)
+  #
+  #   res = Net::HTTP.get_response(uri)
+  #   puts res.body if res.is_a?(Net::HTTPSuccess)
+  #
+  # === POST
+  #
+  #   uri = URI('http://www.example.com/search.cgi')
+  #   res = Net::HTTP.post_form(uri, 'q' => 'ruby', 'max' => '50')
+  #   puts res.body
+  #
+  # === POST with Multiple Values
+  #
+  #   uri = URI('http://www.example.com/search.cgi')
+  #   res = Net::HTTP.post_form(uri, 'q' => ['ruby', 'perl'], 'max' => '50')
+  #   puts res.body
+  #
+  # == How to use Net::HTTP
+  #
+  # The following example code can be used as the basis of an HTTP user-agent
+  # which can perform a variety of request types using persistent
+  # connections.
+  #
+  #   uri = URI('http://example.com/some_path?query=string')
+  #
+  #   Net::HTTP.start(uri.host, uri.port) do |http|
+  #     request = Net::HTTP::Get.new uri
+  #
+  #     response = http.request request # Net::HTTPResponse object
+  #   end
+  #
+  # Net::HTTP::start immediately creates a connection to an HTTP server which
+  # is kept open for the duration of the block.  The connection will remain
+  # open for multiple requests in the block if the server indicates it
+  # supports persistent connections.
+  #
+  # If you wish to re-use a connection across multiple HTTP requests without
+  # automatically closing it you can use ::new and then call #start and
+  # #finish manually.
+  #
+  # The request types Net::HTTP supports are listed below in the section "HTTP
+  # Request Classes".
+  #
+  # For all the Net::HTTP request objects and shortcut request methods you may
+  # supply either a String for the request path or a URI from which Net::HTTP
+  # will extract the request path.
+  #
+  # === Response Data
+  #
+  #   uri = URI('http://example.com/index.html')
+  #   res = Net::HTTP.get_response(uri)
+  #
+  #   # Headers
+  #   res['Set-Cookie']            # => String
+  #   res.get_fields('set-cookie') # => Array
+  #   res.to_hash['set-cookie']    # => Array
+  #   puts "Headers: #{res.to_hash.inspect}"
+  #
+  #   # Status
+  #   puts res.code       # => '200'
+  #   puts res.message    # => 'OK'
+  #   puts res.class.name # => 'HTTPOK'
+  #
+  #   # Body
+  #   puts res.body if res.response_body_permitted?
+  #
+  # === Following Redirection
+  #
+  # Each Net::HTTPResponse object belongs to a class for its response code.
+  #
+  # For example, all 2XX responses are instances of a Net::HTTPSuccess
+  # subclass, a 3XX response is an instance of a Net::HTTPRedirection
+  # subclass and a 200 response is an instance of the Net::HTTPOK class.  For
+  # details of response classes, see the section "HTTP Response Classes"
+  # below.
+  #
+  # Using a case statement you can handle various types of responses properly:
+  #
+  #   def fetch(uri_str, limit = 10)
+  #     # You should choose a better exception.
+  #     raise ArgumentError, 'too many HTTP redirects' if limit == 0
+  #
+  #     response = Net::HTTP.get_response(URI(uri_str))
+  #
+  #     case response
+  #     when Net::HTTPSuccess then
+  #       response
+  #     when Net::HTTPRedirection then
+  #       location = response['location']
+  #       warn "redirected to #{location}"
+  #       fetch(location, limit - 1)
+  #     else
+  #       response.value
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   print fetch('http://www.ruby-lang.org')
+  #
+  # === POST
+  #
+  # A POST can be made using the Net::HTTP::Post request class.  This example
+  # creates a URL encoded POST body:
+  #
+  #   uri = URI('http://www.example.com/todo.cgi')
+  #   req = Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri)
+  #   req.set_form_data('from' => '2005-01-01', 'to' => '2005-03-31')
+  #
+  #   res = Net::HTTP.start(uri.hostname, uri.port) do |http|
+  #     http.request(req)
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   case res
+  #   when Net::HTTPSuccess, Net::HTTPRedirection
+  #     # OK
+  #   else
+  #     res.value
+  #   end
+  #
+  # To send multipart/form-data use Net::HTTPHeader#set_form:
+  #
+  #   req = Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri)
+  #   req.set_form([['upload', File.open('foo.bar')]], 'multipart/form-data')
+  #
+  # Other requests that can contain a body such as PUT can be created in the
+  # same way using the corresponding request class (Net::HTTP::Put).
+  #
+  # === Setting Headers
+  #
+  # The following example performs a conditional GET using the
+  # If-Modified-Since header.  If the files has not been modified since the
+  # time in the header a Not Modified response will be returned.  See RFC 2616
+  # section 9.3 for further details.
+  #
+  #   uri = URI('http://example.com/cached_response')
+  #   file = File.stat 'cached_response'
+  #
+  #   req = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
+  #   req['If-Modified-Since'] = file.mtime.rfc2822
+  #
+  #   res = Net::HTTP.start(uri.hostname, uri.port) {|http|
+  #     http.request(req)
+  #   }
+  #
+  #   open 'cached_response', 'w' do |io|
+  #     io.write res.body
+  #   end if res.is_a?(Net::HTTPSuccess)
+  #
+  # === Basic Authentication
+  #
+  # Basic authentication is performed according to
+  # [RFC2617](http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2617.txt).
+  #
+  #   uri = URI('http://example.com/index.html?key=value')
+  #
+  #   req = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
+  #   req.basic_auth 'user', 'pass'
+  #
+  #   res = Net::HTTP.start(uri.hostname, uri.port) {|http|
+  #     http.request(req)
+  #   }
+  #   puts res.body
+  #
+  # === Streaming Response Bodies
+  #
+  # By default Net::HTTP reads an entire response into memory.  If you are
+  # handling large files or wish to implement a progress bar you can instead
+  # stream the body directly to an IO.
+  #
+  #   uri = URI('http://example.com/large_file')
+  #
+  #   Net::HTTP.start(uri.host, uri.port) do |http|
+  #     request = Net::HTTP::Get.new uri
+  #
+  #     http.request request do |response|
+  #       open 'large_file', 'w' do |io|
+  #         response.read_body do |chunk|
+  #           io.write chunk
+  #         end
+  #       end
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # === HTTPS
+  #
+  # HTTPS is enabled for an HTTP connection by Net::HTTP#use_ssl=.
+  #
+  #   uri = URI('https://secure.example.com/some_path?query=string')
+  #
+  #   Net::HTTP.start(uri.host, uri.port, :use_ssl => true) do |http|
+  #     request = Net::HTTP::Get.new uri
+  #     response = http.request request # Net::HTTPResponse object
+  #   end
+  #
+  # Or if you simply want to make a GET request, you may pass in an URI
+  # object that has an HTTPS URL. Net::HTTP automatically turns on TLS
+  # verification if the URI object has a 'https' URI scheme.
+  #
+  #   uri = URI('https://example.com/')
+  #   Net::HTTP.get(uri) # => String
+  #
+  # In previous versions of Ruby you would need to require 'net/https' to use
+  # HTTPS. This is no longer true.
+  #
+  # === Proxies
+  #
+  # Net::HTTP will automatically create a proxy from the +http_proxy+
+  # environment variable if it is present.  To disable use of +http_proxy+,
+  # pass +nil+ for the proxy address.
+  #
+  # You may also create a custom proxy:
+  #
+  #   proxy_addr = 'your.proxy.host'
+  #   proxy_port = 8080
+  #
+  #   Net::HTTP.new('example.com', nil, proxy_addr, proxy_port).start { |http|
+  #     # always proxy via your.proxy.addr:8080
+  #   }
+  #
+  # See Net::HTTP.new for further details and examples such as proxies that
+  # require a username and password.
+  #
+  # === Compression
+  #
+  # Net::HTTP automatically adds Accept-Encoding for compression of response
+  # bodies and automatically decompresses gzip and deflate responses unless a
+  # Range header was sent.
+  #
+  # Compression can be disabled through the Accept-Encoding: identity header.
+  #
+  # == HTTP Request Classes
+  #
+  # Here is the HTTP request class hierarchy.
+  #
+  # * Net::HTTPRequest
+  #   * Net::HTTP::Get
+  #   * Net::HTTP::Head
+  #   * Net::HTTP::Post
+  #   * Net::HTTP::Patch
+  #   * Net::HTTP::Put
+  #   * Net::HTTP::Proppatch
+  #   * Net::HTTP::Lock
+  #   * Net::HTTP::Unlock
+  #   * Net::HTTP::Options
+  #   * Net::HTTP::Propfind
+  #   * Net::HTTP::Delete
+  #   * Net::HTTP::Move
+  #   * Net::HTTP::Copy
+  #   * Net::HTTP::Mkcol
+  #   * Net::HTTP::Trace
+  #
+  # == HTTP Response Classes
+  #
+  # Here is HTTP response class hierarchy.  All classes are defined in Net
+  # module and are subclasses of Net::HTTPResponse.
+  #
+  # HTTPUnknownResponse:: For unhandled HTTP extensions
+  # HTTPInformation::                    1xx
+  #   HTTPContinue::                        100
+  #   HTTPSwitchProtocol::                  101
+  # HTTPSuccess::                        2xx
+  #   HTTPOK::                              200
+  #   HTTPCreated::                         201
+  #   HTTPAccepted::                        202
+  #   HTTPNonAuthoritativeInformation::     203
+  #   HTTPNoContent::                       204
+  #   HTTPResetContent::                    205
+  #   HTTPPartialContent::                  206
+  #   HTTPMultiStatus::                     207
+  #   HTTPIMUsed::                          226
+  # HTTPRedirection::                    3xx
+  #   HTTPMultipleChoices::                 300
+  #   HTTPMovedPermanently::                301
+  #   HTTPFound::                           302
+  #   HTTPSeeOther::                        303
+  #   HTTPNotModified::                     304
+  #   HTTPUseProxy::                        305
+  #   HTTPTemporaryRedirect::               307
+  # HTTPClientError::                    4xx
+  #   HTTPBadRequest::                      400
+  #   HTTPUnauthorized::                    401
+  #   HTTPPaymentRequired::                 402
+  #   HTTPForbidden::                       403
+  #   HTTPNotFound::                        404
+  #   HTTPMethodNotAllowed::                405
+  #   HTTPNotAcceptable::                   406
+  #   HTTPProxyAuthenticationRequired::     407
+  #   HTTPRequestTimeOut::                  408
+  #   HTTPConflict::                        409
+  #   HTTPGone::                            410
+  #   HTTPLengthRequired::                  411
+  #   HTTPPreconditionFailed::              412
+  #   HTTPRequestEntityTooLarge::           413
+  #   HTTPRequestURITooLong::               414
+  #   HTTPUnsupportedMediaType::            415
+  #   HTTPRequestedRangeNotSatisfiable::    416
+  #   HTTPExpectationFailed::               417
+  #   HTTPUnprocessableEntity::             422
+  #   HTTPLocked::                          423
+  #   HTTPFailedDependency::                424
+  #   HTTPUpgradeRequired::                 426
+  #   HTTPPreconditionRequired::            428
+  #   HTTPTooManyRequests::                 429
+  #   HTTPRequestHeaderFieldsTooLarge::     431
+  #   HTTPUnavailableForLegalReasons::      451
+  # HTTPServerError::                    5xx
+  #   HTTPInternalServerError::             500
+  #   HTTPNotImplemented::                  501
+  #   HTTPBadGateway::                      502
+  #   HTTPServiceUnavailable::              503
+  #   HTTPGatewayTimeOut::                  504
+  #   HTTPVersionNotSupported::             505
+  #   HTTPInsufficientStorage::             507
+  #   HTTPNetworkAuthenticationRequired::   511
+  #
+  # There is also the Net::HTTPBadResponse exception which is raised when
+  # there is a protocol error.
+  #
+  class HTTP < Protocol
+
+    # :stopdoc:
+    Revision = %q$Revision$.split[1]
+    HTTPVersion = '1.1'
+    begin
+      require 'zlib'
+      require 'stringio'  #for our purposes (unpacking gzip) lump these together
+      HAVE_ZLIB=true
+    rescue LoadError
+      HAVE_ZLIB=false
+    end
+    # :startdoc:
+
+    # Turns on net/http 1.2 (Ruby 1.8) features.
+    # Defaults to ON in Ruby 1.8 or later.
+    def HTTP.version_1_2
+      true
+    end
+
+    # Returns true if net/http is in version 1.2 mode.
+    # Defaults to true.
+    def HTTP.version_1_2?
+      true
+    end
+
+    def HTTP.version_1_1?  #:nodoc:
+      false
+    end
+
+    class << HTTP
+      alias is_version_1_1? version_1_1?   #:nodoc:
+      alias is_version_1_2? version_1_2?   #:nodoc:
+    end
+
+    #
+    # short cut methods
+    #
+
+    #
+    # Gets the body text from the target and outputs it to $stdout.  The
+    # target can either be specified as
+    # (+uri+), or as (+host+, +path+, +port+ = 80); so:
+    #
+    #    Net::HTTP.get_print URI('http://www.example.com/index.html')
+    #
+    # or:
+    #
+    #    Net::HTTP.get_print 'www.example.com', '/index.html'
+    #
+    def HTTP.get_print(uri_or_host, path = nil, port = nil)
+      get_response(uri_or_host, path, port) {|res|
+        res.read_body do |chunk|
+          $stdout.print chunk
+        end
+      }
+      nil
+    end
+
+    # Sends a GET request to the target and returns the HTTP response
+    # as a string.  The target can either be specified as
+    # (+uri+), or as (+host+, +path+, +port+ = 80); so:
+    #
+    #    print Net::HTTP.get(URI('http://www.example.com/index.html'))
+    #
+    # or:
+    #
+    #    print Net::HTTP.get('www.example.com', '/index.html')
+    #
+    def HTTP.get(uri_or_host, path = nil, port = nil)
+      get_response(uri_or_host, path, port).body
+    end
+
+    # Sends a GET request to the target and returns the HTTP response
+    # as a Net::HTTPResponse object.  The target can either be specified as
+    # (+uri+), or as (+host+, +path+, +port+ = 80); so:
+    #
+    #    res = Net::HTTP.get_response(URI('http://www.example.com/index.html'))
+    #    print res.body
+    #
+    # or:
+    #
+    #    res = Net::HTTP.get_response('www.example.com', '/index.html')
+    #    print res.body
+    #
+    def HTTP.get_response(uri_or_host, path = nil, port = nil, &block)
+      if path
+        host = uri_or_host
+        new(host, port || HTTP.default_port).start {|http|
+          return http.request_get(path, &block)
+        }
+      else
+        uri = uri_or_host
+        start(uri.hostname, uri.port,
+              :use_ssl => uri.scheme == 'https') {|http|
+          return http.request_get(uri, &block)
+        }
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Posts data to the specified URI object.
+    #
+    # Example:
+    #
+    #   require 'net/http'
+    #   require 'uri'
+    #
+    #   Net::HTTP.post URI('http://www.example.com/api/search'),
+    #                  { "q" => "ruby", "max" => "50" }.to_json,
+    #                  "Content-Type" => "application/json"
+    #
+    def HTTP.post(url, data, header = nil)
+      start(url.hostname, url.port,
+            :use_ssl => url.scheme == 'https' ) {|http|
+        http.post(url, data, header)
+      }
+    end
+
+    # Posts HTML form data to the specified URI object.
+    # The form data must be provided as a Hash mapping from String to String.
+    # Example:
+    #
+    #   { "cmd" => "search", "q" => "ruby", "max" => "50" }
+    #
+    # This method also does Basic Authentication iff +url+.user exists.
+    # But userinfo for authentication is deprecated (RFC3986).
+    # So this feature will be removed.
+    #
+    # Example:
+    #
+    #   require 'net/http'
+    #   require 'uri'
+    #
+    #   Net::HTTP.post_form URI('http://www.example.com/search.cgi'),
+    #                       { "q" => "ruby", "max" => "50" }
+    #
+    def HTTP.post_form(url, params)
+      req = Post.new(url)
+      req.form_data = params
+      req.basic_auth url.user, url.password if url.user
+      start(url.hostname, url.port,
+            :use_ssl => url.scheme == 'https' ) {|http|
+        http.request(req)
+      }
+    end
+
+    #
+    # HTTP session management
+    #
+
+    # The default port to use for HTTP requests; defaults to 80.
+    def HTTP.default_port
+      http_default_port()
+    end
+
+    # The default port to use for HTTP requests; defaults to 80.
+    def HTTP.http_default_port
+      80
+    end
+
+    # The default port to use for HTTPS requests; defaults to 443.
+    def HTTP.https_default_port
+      443
+    end
+
+    def HTTP.socket_type   #:nodoc: obsolete
+      BufferedIO
+    end
+
+    # :call-seq:
+    #   HTTP.start(address, port, p_addr, p_port, p_user, p_pass, &block)
+    #   HTTP.start(address, port=nil, p_addr=:ENV, p_port=nil, p_user=nil, p_pass=nil, opt, &block)
+    #
+    # Creates a new Net::HTTP object, then additionally opens the TCP
+    # connection and HTTP session.
+    #
+    # Arguments are the following:
+    # _address_ :: hostname or IP address of the server
+    # _port_    :: port of the server
+    # _p_addr_  :: address of proxy
+    # _p_port_  :: port of proxy
+    # _p_user_  :: user of proxy
+    # _p_pass_  :: pass of proxy
+    # _opt_     :: optional hash
+    #
+    # _opt_ sets following values by its accessor.
+    # The keys are ipaddr, ca_file, ca_path, cert, cert_store, ciphers,
+    # close_on_empty_response, key, open_timeout, read_timeout, write_timeout, ssl_timeout,
+    # ssl_version, use_ssl, verify_callback, verify_depth and verify_mode.
+    # If you set :use_ssl as true, you can use https and default value of
+    # verify_mode is set as OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER.
+    #
+    # If the optional block is given, the newly
+    # created Net::HTTP object is passed to it and closed when the
+    # block finishes.  In this case, the return value of this method
+    # is the return value of the block.  If no block is given, the
+    # return value of this method is the newly created Net::HTTP object
+    # itself, and the caller is responsible for closing it upon completion
+    # using the finish() method.
+    def HTTP.start(address, *arg, &block) # :yield: +http+
+      arg.pop if opt = Hash.try_convert(arg[-1])
+      port, p_addr, p_port, p_user, p_pass = *arg
+      p_addr = :ENV if arg.size < 2
+      port = https_default_port if !port && opt && opt[:use_ssl]
+      http = new(address, port, p_addr, p_port, p_user, p_pass)
+      http.ipaddr = opt[:ipaddr] if opt && opt[:ipaddr]
+
+      if opt
+        if opt[:use_ssl]
+          opt = {verify_mode: OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER}.update(opt)
+        end
+        http.methods.grep(/\A(\w+)=\z/) do |meth|
+          key = $1.to_sym
+          opt.key?(key) or next
+          http.__send__(meth, opt[key])
+        end
+      end
+
+      http.start(&block)
+    end
+
+    class << HTTP
+      alias newobj new # :nodoc:
+    end
+
+    # Creates a new Net::HTTP object without opening a TCP connection or
+    # HTTP session.
+    #
+    # The +address+ should be a DNS hostname or IP address, the +port+ is the
+    # port the server operates on.  If no +port+ is given the default port for
+    # HTTP or HTTPS is used.
+    #
+    # If none of the +p_+ arguments are given, the proxy host and port are
+    # taken from the +http_proxy+ environment variable (or its uppercase
+    # equivalent) if present.  If the proxy requires authentication you must
+    # supply it by hand.  See URI::Generic#find_proxy for details of proxy
+    # detection from the environment.  To disable proxy detection set +p_addr+
+    # to nil.
+    #
+    # If you are connecting to a custom proxy, +p_addr+ specifies the DNS name
+    # or IP address of the proxy host, +p_port+ the port to use to access the
+    # proxy, +p_user+ and +p_pass+ the username and password if authorization
+    # is required to use the proxy, and p_no_proxy hosts which do not
+    # use the proxy.
+    #
+    def HTTP.new(address, port = nil, p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil, p_no_proxy = nil)
+      http = super address, port
+
+      if proxy_class? then # from Net::HTTP::Proxy()
+        http.proxy_from_env = @proxy_from_env
+        http.proxy_address  = @proxy_address
+        http.proxy_port     = @proxy_port
+        http.proxy_user     = @proxy_user
+        http.proxy_pass     = @proxy_pass
+      elsif p_addr == :ENV then
+        http.proxy_from_env = true
+      else
+        if p_addr && p_no_proxy && !URI::Generic.use_proxy?(p_addr, p_addr, p_port, p_no_proxy)
+          p_addr = nil
+          p_port = nil
+        end
+        http.proxy_address = p_addr
+        http.proxy_port    = p_port || default_port
+        http.proxy_user    = p_user
+        http.proxy_pass    = p_pass
+      end
+
+      http
+    end
+
+    # Creates a new Net::HTTP object for the specified server address,
+    # without opening the TCP connection or initializing the HTTP session.
+    # The +address+ should be a DNS hostname or IP address.
+    def initialize(address, port = nil)
+      @address = address
+      @port    = (port || HTTP.default_port)
+      @ipaddr = nil
+      @local_host = nil
+      @local_port = nil
+      @curr_http_version = HTTPVersion
+      @keep_alive_timeout = 2
+      @last_communicated = nil
+      @close_on_empty_response = false
+      @socket  = nil
+      @started = false
+      @open_timeout = 60
+      @read_timeout = 60
+      @write_timeout = 60
+      @continue_timeout = nil
+      @max_retries = 1
+      @debug_output = nil
+
+      @proxy_from_env = false
+      @proxy_uri      = nil
+      @proxy_address  = nil
+      @proxy_port     = nil
+      @proxy_user     = nil
+      @proxy_pass     = nil
+
+      @use_ssl = false
+      @ssl_context = nil
+      @ssl_session = nil
+      @sspi_enabled = false
+      SSL_IVNAMES.each do |ivname|
+        instance_variable_set ivname, nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    def inspect
+      "#<#{self.class} #{@address}:#{@port} open=#{started?}>"
+    end
+
+    # *WARNING* This method opens a serious security hole.
+    # Never use this method in production code.
+    #
+    # Sets an output stream for debugging.
+    #
+    #   http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
+    #   http.set_debug_output $stderr
+    #   http.start { .... }
+    #
+    def set_debug_output(output)
+      warn 'Net::HTTP#set_debug_output called after HTTP started', uplevel: 1 if started?
+      @debug_output = output
+    end
+
+    # The DNS host name or IP address to connect to.
+    attr_reader :address
+
+    # The port number to connect to.
+    attr_reader :port
+
+    # The local host used to establish the connection.
+    attr_accessor :local_host
+
+    # The local port used to establish the connection.
+    attr_accessor :local_port
+
+    attr_writer :proxy_from_env
+    attr_writer :proxy_address
+    attr_writer :proxy_port
+    attr_writer :proxy_user
+    attr_writer :proxy_pass
+
+    # The IP address to connect to/used to connect to
+    def ipaddr
+      started? ?  @socket.io.peeraddr[3] : @ipaddr
+    end
+
+    # Set the IP address to connect to
+    def ipaddr=(addr)
+      raise IOError, "ipaddr value changed, but session already started" if started?
+      @ipaddr = addr
+    end
+
+    # Number of seconds to wait for the connection to open. Any number
+    # may be used, including Floats for fractional seconds. If the HTTP
+    # object cannot open a connection in this many seconds, it raises a
+    # Net::OpenTimeout exception. The default value is 60 seconds.
+    attr_accessor :open_timeout
+
+    # Number of seconds to wait for one block to be read (via one read(2)
+    # call). Any number may be used, including Floats for fractional
+    # seconds. If the HTTP object cannot read data in this many seconds,
+    # it raises a Net::ReadTimeout exception. The default value is 60 seconds.
+    attr_reader :read_timeout
+
+    # Number of seconds to wait for one block to be written (via one write(2)
+    # call). Any number may be used, including Floats for fractional
+    # seconds. If the HTTP object cannot write data in this many seconds,
+    # it raises a Net::WriteTimeout exception. The default value is 60 seconds.
+    # Net::WriteTimeout is not raised on Windows.
+    attr_reader :write_timeout
+
+    # Maximum number of times to retry an idempotent request in case of
+    # Net::ReadTimeout, IOError, EOFError, Errno::ECONNRESET,
+    # Errno::ECONNABORTED, Errno::EPIPE, OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError,
+    # Timeout::Error.
+    # Should be a non-negative integer number. Zero means no retries.
+    # The default value is 1.
+    def max_retries=(retries)
+      retries = retries.to_int
+      if retries < 0
+        raise ArgumentError, 'max_retries should be non-negative integer number'
+      end
+      @max_retries = retries
+    end
+
+    attr_reader :max_retries
+
+    # Setter for the read_timeout attribute.
+    def read_timeout=(sec)
+      @socket.read_timeout = sec if @socket
+      @read_timeout = sec
+    end
+
+    # Setter for the write_timeout attribute.
+    def write_timeout=(sec)
+      @socket.write_timeout = sec if @socket
+      @write_timeout = sec
+    end
+
+    # Seconds to wait for 100 Continue response. If the HTTP object does not
+    # receive a response in this many seconds it sends the request body. The
+    # default value is +nil+.
+    attr_reader :continue_timeout
+
+    # Setter for the continue_timeout attribute.
+    def continue_timeout=(sec)
+      @socket.continue_timeout = sec if @socket
+      @continue_timeout = sec
+    end
+
+    # Seconds to reuse the connection of the previous request.
+    # If the idle time is less than this Keep-Alive Timeout,
+    # Net::HTTP reuses the TCP/IP socket used by the previous communication.
+    # The default value is 2 seconds.
+    attr_accessor :keep_alive_timeout
+
+    # Returns true if the HTTP session has been started.
+    def started?
+      @started
+    end
+
+    alias active? started?   #:nodoc: obsolete
+
+    attr_accessor :close_on_empty_response
+
+    # Returns true if SSL/TLS is being used with HTTP.
+    def use_ssl?
+      @use_ssl
+    end
+
+    # Turn on/off SSL.
+    # This flag must be set before starting session.
+    # If you change use_ssl value after session started,
+    # a Net::HTTP object raises IOError.
+    def use_ssl=(flag)
+      flag = flag ? true : false
+      if started? and @use_ssl != flag
+        raise IOError, "use_ssl value changed, but session already started"
+      end
+      @use_ssl = flag
+    end
+
+    SSL_IVNAMES = [
+      :@ca_file,
+      :@ca_path,
+      :@cert,
+      :@cert_store,
+      :@ciphers,
+      :@key,
+      :@ssl_timeout,
+      :@ssl_version,
+      :@min_version,
+      :@max_version,
+      :@verify_callback,
+      :@verify_depth,
+      :@verify_mode,
+      :@verify_hostname,
+    ]
+    SSL_ATTRIBUTES = [
+      :ca_file,
+      :ca_path,
+      :cert,
+      :cert_store,
+      :ciphers,
+      :key,
+      :ssl_timeout,
+      :ssl_version,
+      :min_version,
+      :max_version,
+      :verify_callback,
+      :verify_depth,
+      :verify_mode,
+      :verify_hostname,
+    ]
+
+    # Sets path of a CA certification file in PEM format.
+    #
+    # The file can contain several CA certificates.
+    attr_accessor :ca_file
+
+    # Sets path of a CA certification directory containing certifications in
+    # PEM format.
+    attr_accessor :ca_path
+
+    # Sets an OpenSSL::X509::Certificate object as client certificate.
+    # (This method is appeared in Michal Rokos's OpenSSL extension).
+    attr_accessor :cert
+
+    # Sets the X509::Store to verify peer certificate.
+    attr_accessor :cert_store
+
+    # Sets the available ciphers.  See OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#ciphers=
+    attr_accessor :ciphers
+
+    # Sets an OpenSSL::PKey::RSA or OpenSSL::PKey::DSA object.
+    # (This method is appeared in Michal Rokos's OpenSSL extension.)
+    attr_accessor :key
+
+    # Sets the SSL timeout seconds.
+    attr_accessor :ssl_timeout
+
+    # Sets the SSL version.  See OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#ssl_version=
+    attr_accessor :ssl_version
+
+    # Sets the minimum SSL version.  See OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#min_version=
+    attr_accessor :min_version
+
+    # Sets the maximum SSL version.  See OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#max_version=
+    attr_accessor :max_version
+
+    # Sets the verify callback for the server certification verification.
+    attr_accessor :verify_callback
+
+    # Sets the maximum depth for the certificate chain verification.
+    attr_accessor :verify_depth
+
+    # Sets the flags for server the certification verification at beginning of
+    # SSL/TLS session.
+    #
+    # OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE or OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER are acceptable.
+    attr_accessor :verify_mode
+
+    # Sets to check the server certificate is valid for the hostname.
+    # See OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#verify_hostname=
+    attr_accessor :verify_hostname
+
+    # Returns the X.509 certificates the server presented.
+    def peer_cert
+      if not use_ssl? or not @socket
+        return nil
+      end
+      @socket.io.peer_cert
+    end
+
+    # Opens a TCP connection and HTTP session.
+    #
+    # When this method is called with a block, it passes the Net::HTTP
+    # object to the block, and closes the TCP connection and HTTP session
+    # after the block has been executed.
+    #
+    # When called with a block, it returns the return value of the
+    # block; otherwise, it returns self.
+    #
+    def start  # :yield: http
+      raise IOError, 'HTTP session already opened' if @started
+      if block_given?
+        begin
+          do_start
+          return yield(self)
+        ensure
+          do_finish
+        end
+      end
+      do_start
+      self
+    end
+
+    def do_start
+      connect
+      @started = true
+    end
+    private :do_start
+
+    def connect
+      if proxy? then
+        conn_addr = proxy_address
+        conn_port = proxy_port
+      else
+        conn_addr = conn_address
+        conn_port = port
+      end
+
+      D "opening connection to #{conn_addr}:#{conn_port}..."
+      s = Timeout.timeout(@open_timeout, Net::OpenTimeout) {
+        begin
+          TCPSocket.open(conn_addr, conn_port, @local_host, @local_port)
+        rescue => e
+          raise e, "Failed to open TCP connection to " +
+            "#{conn_addr}:#{conn_port} (#{e.message})"
+        end
+      }
+      s.setsockopt(Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, Socket::TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+      D "opened"
+      if use_ssl?
+        if proxy?
+          plain_sock = BufferedIO.new(s, read_timeout: @read_timeout,
+                                      write_timeout: @write_timeout,
+                                      continue_timeout: @continue_timeout,
+                                      debug_output: @debug_output)
+          buf = "CONNECT #{conn_address}:#{@port} HTTP/#{HTTPVersion}\r\n"
+          buf << "Host: #{@address}:#{@port}\r\n"
+          if proxy_user
+            credential = ["#{proxy_user}:#{proxy_pass}"].pack('m0')
+            buf << "Proxy-Authorization: Basic #{credential}\r\n"
+          end
+          buf << "\r\n"
+          plain_sock.write(buf)
+          HTTPResponse.read_new(plain_sock).value
+          # assuming nothing left in buffers after successful CONNECT response
+        end
+
+        ssl_parameters = Hash.new
+        iv_list = instance_variables
+        SSL_IVNAMES.each_with_index do |ivname, i|
+          if iv_list.include?(ivname)
+            value = instance_variable_get(ivname)
+            unless value.nil?
+              ssl_parameters[SSL_ATTRIBUTES[i]] = value
+            end
+          end
+        end
+        @ssl_context = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext.new
+        @ssl_context.set_params(ssl_parameters)
+        @ssl_context.session_cache_mode =
+          OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext::SESSION_CACHE_CLIENT |
+          OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext::SESSION_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_STORE
+        @ssl_context.session_new_cb = proc {|sock, sess| @ssl_session = sess }
+        D "starting SSL for #{conn_addr}:#{conn_port}..."
+        s = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket.new(s, @ssl_context)
+        s.sync_close = true
+        # Server Name Indication (SNI) RFC 3546
+        s.hostname = @address if s.respond_to? :hostname=
+        if @ssl_session and
+           Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_REALTIME) < @ssl_session.time.to_f + @ssl_session.timeout
+          s.session = @ssl_session
+        end
+        ssl_socket_connect(s, @open_timeout)
+        if (@ssl_context.verify_mode != OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE) && @ssl_context.verify_hostname
+          s.post_connection_check(@address)
+        end
+        D "SSL established, protocol: #{s.ssl_version}, cipher: #{s.cipher[0]}"
+      end
+      @socket = BufferedIO.new(s, read_timeout: @read_timeout,
+                               write_timeout: @write_timeout,
+                               continue_timeout: @continue_timeout,
+                               debug_output: @debug_output)
+      on_connect
+    rescue => exception
+      if s
+        D "Conn close because of connect error #{exception}"
+        s.close
+      end
+      raise
+    end
+    private :connect
+
+    def on_connect
+    end
+    private :on_connect
+
+    # Finishes the HTTP session and closes the TCP connection.
+    # Raises IOError if the session has not been started.
+    def finish
+      raise IOError, 'HTTP session not yet started' unless started?
+      do_finish
+    end
+
+    def do_finish
+      @started = false
+      @socket.close if @socket
+      @socket = nil
+    end
+    private :do_finish
+
+    #
+    # proxy
+    #
+
+    public
+
+    # no proxy
+    @is_proxy_class = false
+    @proxy_from_env = false
+    @proxy_addr = nil
+    @proxy_port = nil
+    @proxy_user = nil
+    @proxy_pass = nil
+
+    # Creates an HTTP proxy class which behaves like Net::HTTP, but
+    # performs all access via the specified proxy.
+    #
+    # This class is obsolete.  You may pass these same parameters directly to
+    # Net::HTTP.new.  See Net::HTTP.new for details of the arguments.
+    def HTTP.Proxy(p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil)
+      return self unless p_addr
+
+      Class.new(self) {
+        @is_proxy_class = true
+
+        if p_addr == :ENV then
+          @proxy_from_env = true
+          @proxy_address = nil
+          @proxy_port    = nil
+        else
+          @proxy_from_env = false
+          @proxy_address = p_addr
+          @proxy_port    = p_port || default_port
+        end
+
+        @proxy_user = p_user
+        @proxy_pass = p_pass
+      }
+    end
+
+    class << HTTP
+      # returns true if self is a class which was created by HTTP::Proxy.
+      def proxy_class?
+        defined?(@is_proxy_class) ? @is_proxy_class : false
+      end
+
+      # Address of proxy host. If Net::HTTP does not use a proxy, nil.
+      attr_reader :proxy_address
+
+      # Port number of proxy host. If Net::HTTP does not use a proxy, nil.
+      attr_reader :proxy_port
+
+      # User name for accessing proxy. If Net::HTTP does not use a proxy, nil.
+      attr_reader :proxy_user
+
+      # User password for accessing proxy. If Net::HTTP does not use a proxy,
+      # nil.
+      attr_reader :proxy_pass
+    end
+
+    # True if requests for this connection will be proxied
+    def proxy?
+      !!(@proxy_from_env ? proxy_uri : @proxy_address)
+    end
+
+    # True if the proxy for this connection is determined from the environment
+    def proxy_from_env?
+      @proxy_from_env
+    end
+
+    # The proxy URI determined from the environment for this connection.
+    def proxy_uri # :nodoc:
+      return if @proxy_uri == false
+      @proxy_uri ||= URI::HTTP.new(
+        "http".freeze, nil, address, port, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil
+      ).find_proxy || false
+      @proxy_uri || nil
+    end
+
+    # The address of the proxy server, if one is configured.
+    def proxy_address
+      if @proxy_from_env then
+        proxy_uri&.hostname
+      else
+        @proxy_address
+      end
+    end
+
+    # The port of the proxy server, if one is configured.
+    def proxy_port
+      if @proxy_from_env then
+        proxy_uri&.port
+      else
+        @proxy_port
+      end
+    end
+
+    # [Bug #12921]
+    if /linux|freebsd|darwin/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM
+      ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE_IS_MULTIUSER_SAFE = true
+    else
+      ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE_IS_MULTIUSER_SAFE = false
+    end
+
+    # The username of the proxy server, if one is configured.
+    def proxy_user
+      if ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE_IS_MULTIUSER_SAFE && @proxy_from_env
+        proxy_uri&.user
+      else
+        @proxy_user
+      end
+    end
+
+    # The password of the proxy server, if one is configured.
+    def proxy_pass
+      if ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE_IS_MULTIUSER_SAFE && @proxy_from_env
+        proxy_uri&.password
+      else
+        @proxy_pass
+      end
+    end
+
+    alias proxyaddr proxy_address   #:nodoc: obsolete
+    alias proxyport proxy_port      #:nodoc: obsolete
+
+    private
+
+    # without proxy, obsolete
+
+    def conn_address # :nodoc:
+      @ipaddr || address()
+    end
+
+    def conn_port # :nodoc:
+      port()
+    end
+
+    def edit_path(path)
+      if proxy?
+        if path.start_with?("ftp://") || use_ssl?
+          path
+        else
+          "http://#{addr_port}#{path}"
+        end
+      else
+        path
+      end
+    end
+
+    #
+    # HTTP operations
+    #
+
+    public
+
+    # Retrieves data from +path+ on the connected-to host which may be an
+    # absolute path String or a URI to extract the path from.
+    #
+    # +initheader+ must be a Hash like { 'Accept' => '*/*', ... },
+    # and it defaults to an empty hash.
+    # If +initheader+ doesn't have the key 'accept-encoding', then
+    # a value of "gzip;q=1.0,deflate;q=0.6,identity;q=0.3" is used,
+    # so that gzip compression is used in preference to deflate
+    # compression, which is used in preference to no compression.
+    # Ruby doesn't have libraries to support the compress (Lempel-Ziv)
+    # compression, so that is not supported.  The intent of this is
+    # to reduce bandwidth by default.   If this routine sets up
+    # compression, then it does the decompression also, removing
+    # the header as well to prevent confusion.  Otherwise
+    # it leaves the body as it found it.
+    #
+    # This method returns a Net::HTTPResponse object.
+    #
+    # If called with a block, yields each fragment of the
+    # entity body in turn as a string as it is read from
+    # the socket.  Note that in this case, the returned response
+    # object will *not* contain a (meaningful) body.
+    #
+    # +dest+ argument is obsolete.
+    # It still works but you must not use it.
+    #
+    # This method never raises an exception.
+    #
+    #     response = http.get('/index.html')
+    #
+    #     # using block
+    #     File.open('result.txt', 'w') {|f|
+    #       http.get('/~foo/') do |str|
+    #         f.write str
+    #       end
+    #     }
+    #
+    def get(path, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block) # :yield: +body_segment+
+      res = nil
+      request(Get.new(path, initheader)) {|r|
+        r.read_body dest, &block
+        res = r
+      }
+      res
+    end
+
+    # Gets only the header from +path+ on the connected-to host.
+    # +header+ is a Hash like { 'Accept' => '*/*', ... }.
+    #
+    # This method returns a Net::HTTPResponse object.
+    #
+    # This method never raises an exception.
+    #
+    #     response = nil
+    #     Net::HTTP.start('some.www.server', 80) {|http|
+    #       response = http.head('/index.html')
+    #     }
+    #     p response['content-type']
+    #
+    def head(path, initheader = nil)
+      request(Head.new(path, initheader))
+    end
+
+    # Posts +data+ (must be a String) to +path+. +header+ must be a Hash
+    # like { 'Accept' => '*/*', ... }.
+    #
+    # This method returns a Net::HTTPResponse object.
+    #
+    # If called with a block, yields each fragment of the
+    # entity body in turn as a string as it is read from
+    # the socket.  Note that in this case, the returned response
+    # object will *not* contain a (meaningful) body.
+    #
+    # +dest+ argument is obsolete.
+    # It still works but you must not use it.
+    #
+    # This method never raises exception.
+    #
+    #     response = http.post('/cgi-bin/search.rb', 'query=foo')
+    #
+    #     # using block
+    #     File.open('result.txt', 'w') {|f|
+    #       http.post('/cgi-bin/search.rb', 'query=foo') do |str|
+    #         f.write str
+    #       end
+    #     }
+    #
+    # You should set Content-Type: header field for POST.
+    # If no Content-Type: field given, this method uses
+    # "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" by default.
+    #
+    def post(path, data, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block) # :yield: +body_segment+
+      send_entity(path, data, initheader, dest, Post, &block)
+    end
+
+    # Sends a PATCH request to the +path+ and gets a response,
+    # as an HTTPResponse object.
+    def patch(path, data, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block) # :yield: +body_segment+
+      send_entity(path, data, initheader, dest, Patch, &block)
+    end
+
+    def put(path, data, initheader = nil)   #:nodoc:
+      request(Put.new(path, initheader), data)
+    end
+
+    # Sends a PROPPATCH request to the +path+ and gets a response,
+    # as an HTTPResponse object.
+    def proppatch(path, body, initheader = nil)
+      request(Proppatch.new(path, initheader), body)
+    end
+
+    # Sends a LOCK request to the +path+ and gets a response,
+    # as an HTTPResponse object.
+    def lock(path, body, initheader = nil)
+      request(Lock.new(path, initheader), body)
+    end
+
+    # Sends a UNLOCK request to the +path+ and gets a response,
+    # as an HTTPResponse object.
+    def unlock(path, body, initheader = nil)
+      request(Unlock.new(path, initheader), body)
+    end
+
+    # Sends a OPTIONS request to the +path+ and gets a response,
+    # as an HTTPResponse object.
+    def options(path, initheader = nil)
+      request(Options.new(path, initheader))
+    end
+
+    # Sends a PROPFIND request to the +path+ and gets a response,
+    # as an HTTPResponse object.
+    def propfind(path, body = nil, initheader = {'Depth' => '0'})
+      request(Propfind.new(path, initheader), body)
+    end
+
+    # Sends a DELETE request to the +path+ and gets a response,
+    # as an HTTPResponse object.
+    def delete(path, initheader = {'Depth' => 'Infinity'})
+      request(Delete.new(path, initheader))
+    end
+
+    # Sends a MOVE request to the +path+ and gets a response,
+    # as an HTTPResponse object.
+    def move(path, initheader = nil)
+      request(Move.new(path, initheader))
+    end
+
+    # Sends a COPY request to the +path+ and gets a response,
+    # as an HTTPResponse object.
+    def copy(path, initheader = nil)
+      request(Copy.new(path, initheader))
+    end
+
+    # Sends a MKCOL request to the +path+ and gets a response,
+    # as an HTTPResponse object.
+    def mkcol(path, body = nil, initheader = nil)
+      request(Mkcol.new(path, initheader), body)
+    end
+
+    # Sends a TRACE request to the +path+ and gets a response,
+    # as an HTTPResponse object.
+    def trace(path, initheader = nil)
+      request(Trace.new(path, initheader))
+    end
+
+    # Sends a GET request to the +path+.
+    # Returns the response as a Net::HTTPResponse object.
+    #
+    # When called with a block, passes an HTTPResponse object to the block.
+    # The body of the response will not have been read yet;
+    # the block can process it using HTTPResponse#read_body,
+    # if desired.
+    #
+    # Returns the response.
+    #
+    # This method never raises Net::* exceptions.
+    #
+    #     response = http.request_get('/index.html')
+    #     # The entity body is already read in this case.
+    #     p response['content-type']
+    #     puts response.body
+    #
+    #     # Using a block
+    #     http.request_get('/index.html') {|response|
+    #       p response['content-type']
+    #       response.read_body do |str|   # read body now
+    #         print str
+    #       end
+    #     }
+    #
+    def request_get(path, initheader = nil, &block) # :yield: +response+
+      request(Get.new(path, initheader), &block)
+    end
+
+    # Sends a HEAD request to the +path+ and returns the response
+    # as a Net::HTTPResponse object.
+    #
+    # Returns the response.
+    #
+    # This method never raises Net::* exceptions.
+    #
+    #     response = http.request_head('/index.html')
+    #     p response['content-type']
+    #
+    def request_head(path, initheader = nil, &block)
+      request(Head.new(path, initheader), &block)
+    end
+
+    # Sends a POST request to the +path+.
+    #
+    # Returns the response as a Net::HTTPResponse object.
+    #
+    # When called with a block, the block is passed an HTTPResponse
+    # object.  The body of that response will not have been read yet;
+    # the block can process it using HTTPResponse#read_body, if desired.
+    #
+    # Returns the response.
+    #
+    # This method never raises Net::* exceptions.
+    #
+    #     # example
+    #     response = http.request_post('/cgi-bin/nice.rb', 'datadatadata...')
+    #     p response.status
+    #     puts response.body          # body is already read in this case
+    #
+    #     # using block
+    #     http.request_post('/cgi-bin/nice.rb', 'datadatadata...') {|response|
+    #       p response.status
+    #       p response['content-type']
+    #       response.read_body do |str|   # read body now
+    #         print str
+    #       end
+    #     }
+    #
+    def request_post(path, data, initheader = nil, &block) # :yield: +response+
+      request Post.new(path, initheader), data, &block
+    end
+
+    def request_put(path, data, initheader = nil, &block)   #:nodoc:
+      request Put.new(path, initheader), data, &block
+    end
+
+    alias get2   request_get    #:nodoc: obsolete
+    alias head2  request_head   #:nodoc: obsolete
+    alias post2  request_post   #:nodoc: obsolete
+    alias put2   request_put    #:nodoc: obsolete
+
+
+    # Sends an HTTP request to the HTTP server.
+    # Also sends a DATA string if +data+ is given.
+    #
+    # Returns a Net::HTTPResponse object.
+    #
+    # This method never raises Net::* exceptions.
+    #
+    #    response = http.send_request('GET', '/index.html')
+    #    puts response.body
+    #
+    def send_request(name, path, data = nil, header = nil)
+      has_response_body = name != 'HEAD'
+      r = HTTPGenericRequest.new(name,(data ? true : false),has_response_body,path,header)
+      request r, data
+    end
+
+    # Sends an HTTPRequest object +req+ to the HTTP server.
+    #
+    # If +req+ is a Net::HTTP::Post or Net::HTTP::Put request containing
+    # data, the data is also sent. Providing data for a Net::HTTP::Head or
+    # Net::HTTP::Get request results in an ArgumentError.
+    #
+    # Returns an HTTPResponse object.
+    #
+    # When called with a block, passes an HTTPResponse object to the block.
+    # The body of the response will not have been read yet;
+    # the block can process it using HTTPResponse#read_body,
+    # if desired.
+    #
+    # This method never raises Net::* exceptions.
+    #
+    def request(req, body = nil, &block)  # :yield: +response+
+      unless started?
+        start {
+          req['connection'] ||= 'close'
+          return request(req, body, &block)
+        }
+      end
+      if proxy_user()
+        req.proxy_basic_auth proxy_user(), proxy_pass() unless use_ssl?
+      end
+      req.set_body_internal body
+      res = transport_request(req, &block)
+      if sspi_auth?(res)
+        sspi_auth(req)
+        res = transport_request(req, &block)
+      end
+      res
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    # Executes a request which uses a representation
+    # and returns its body.
+    def send_entity(path, data, initheader, dest, type, &block)
+      res = nil
+      request(type.new(path, initheader), data) {|r|
+        r.read_body dest, &block
+        res = r
+      }
+      res
+    end
+
+    IDEMPOTENT_METHODS_ = %w/GET HEAD PUT DELETE OPTIONS TRACE/ # :nodoc:
+
+    def transport_request(req)
+      count = 0
+      begin
+        begin_transport req
+        res = catch(:response) {
+          begin
+            req.exec @socket, @curr_http_version, edit_path(req.path)
+          rescue Errno::EPIPE
+            # Failure when writing full request, but we can probably
+            # still read the received response.
+          end
+
+          begin
+            res = HTTPResponse.read_new(@socket)
+            res.decode_content = req.decode_content
+          end while res.kind_of?(HTTPInformation)
+
+          res.uri = req.uri
+
+          res
+        }
+        res.reading_body(@socket, req.response_body_permitted?) {
+          yield res if block_given?
+        }
+      rescue Net::OpenTimeout
+        raise
+      rescue Net::ReadTimeout, IOError, EOFError,
+             Errno::ECONNRESET, Errno::ECONNABORTED, Errno::EPIPE, Errno::ETIMEDOUT,
+             # avoid a dependency on OpenSSL
+             defined?(OpenSSL::SSL) ? OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError : IOError,
+             Timeout::Error => exception
+        if count < max_retries && IDEMPOTENT_METHODS_.include?(req.method)
+          count += 1
+          @socket.close if @socket
+          D "Conn close because of error #{exception}, and retry"
+          retry
+        end
+        D "Conn close because of error #{exception}"
+        @socket.close if @socket
+        raise
+      end
+
+      end_transport req, res
+      res
+    rescue => exception
+      D "Conn close because of error #{exception}"
+      @socket.close if @socket
+      raise exception
+    end
+
+    def begin_transport(req)
+      if @socket.closed?
+        connect
+      elsif @last_communicated
+        if @last_communicated + @keep_alive_timeout < Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+          D 'Conn close because of keep_alive_timeout'
+          @socket.close
+          connect
+        elsif @socket.io.to_io.wait_readable(0) && @socket.eof?
+          D "Conn close because of EOF"
+          @socket.close
+          connect
+        end
+      end
+
+      if not req.response_body_permitted? and @close_on_empty_response
+        req['connection'] ||= 'close'
+      end
+
+      req.update_uri address, port, use_ssl?
+      req['host'] ||= addr_port()
+    end
+
+    def end_transport(req, res)
+      @curr_http_version = res.http_version
+      @last_communicated = nil
+      if @socket.closed?
+        D 'Conn socket closed'
+      elsif not res.body and @close_on_empty_response
+        D 'Conn close'
+        @socket.close
+      elsif keep_alive?(req, res)
+        D 'Conn keep-alive'
+        @last_communicated = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+      else
+        D 'Conn close'
+        @socket.close
+      end
+    end
+
+    def keep_alive?(req, res)
+      return false if req.connection_close?
+      if @curr_http_version <= '1.0'
+        res.connection_keep_alive?
+      else   # HTTP/1.1 or later
+        not res.connection_close?
+      end
+    end
+
+    def sspi_auth?(res)
+      return false unless @sspi_enabled
+      if res.kind_of?(HTTPProxyAuthenticationRequired) and
+          proxy? and res["Proxy-Authenticate"].include?("Negotiate")
+        begin
+          require 'win32/sspi'
+          true
+        rescue LoadError
+          false
+        end
+      else
+        false
+      end
+    end
+
+    def sspi_auth(req)
+      n = Win32::SSPI::NegotiateAuth.new
+      req["Proxy-Authorization"] = "Negotiate #{n.get_initial_token}"
+      # Some versions of ISA will close the connection if this isn't present.
+      req["Connection"] = "Keep-Alive"
+      req["Proxy-Connection"] = "Keep-Alive"
+      res = transport_request(req)
+      authphrase = res["Proxy-Authenticate"]  or return res
+      req["Proxy-Authorization"] = "Negotiate #{n.complete_authentication(authphrase)}"
+    rescue => err
+      raise HTTPAuthenticationError.new('HTTP authentication failed', err)
+    end
+
+    #
+    # utils
+    #
+
+    private
+
+    def addr_port
+      addr = address
+      addr = "[#{addr}]" if addr.include?(":")
+      default_port = use_ssl? ? HTTP.https_default_port : HTTP.http_default_port
+      default_port == port ? addr : "#{addr}:#{port}"
+    end
+
+    def D(msg)
+      return unless @debug_output
+      @debug_output << msg
+      @debug_output << "\n"
+    end
+  end
+
+end
+
+require_relative 'http/exceptions'
+
+require_relative 'http/header'
+
+require_relative 'http/generic_request'
+require_relative 'http/request'
+require_relative 'http/requests'
+
+require_relative 'http/response'
+require_relative 'http/responses'
+
+require_relative 'http/proxy_delta'
+
+require_relative 'http/backward'