mustermann19 0.3.1

data/spec/support.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+require 'support/env'
+require 'support/coverage'
+require 'support/expand_matcher'
+require 'support/match_matcher'
+require 'support/pattern'

data/spec/support/coverage.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+require 'simplecov'
+require 'coveralls'
+
+SimpleCov.formatter = SimpleCov::Formatter::MultiFormatter[
+  SimpleCov::Formatter::HTMLFormatter,
+  Coveralls::SimpleCov::Formatter
+]
+
+SimpleCov.start do
+  project_name 'mustermann'
+  minimum_coverage 100
+  coverage_dir '.coverage'
+
+  add_filter "/spec/"
+  add_group 'Library', 'lib'
+end

data/spec/support/env.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#if RUBY_VERSION < '2.0.0'
+#  $stderr.puts "needs Ruby 2.0.0, you're running #{RUBY_VERSION}"
+#  exit 1
+#end
+require 'rspec'
+require 'rspec/its'
+
+ENV['RACK_ENV'] = 'test'
+
+RSpec.configure do |config|
+  config.filter_run_excluding :skip => true
+  config.expect_with :rspec do |c|
+    c.syntax = [:should, :expect]
+  end
+end

data/spec/support/expand_matcher.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+RSpec::Matchers.define :expand do |values = {}|
+  match do |pattern|
+    @string  ||= nil
+    begin
+      expanded = pattern.expand(values)
+    rescue Exception
+      false
+    else
+      @string ? @string == expanded : !!expanded
+    end
+  end
+
+  chain :to do |string|
+    @string = string
+  end
+
+  failure_message do |pattern|
+    message = "expected %p to be expandable with %p" % [pattern, values]
+    expanded = pattern.expand(values)
+    message << " and result in %p, but got %p" % [@string, expanded] if @string
+    message
+  end
+
+  failure_message_when_negated do |pattern|
+    "expected %p not to be expandable with %p" % [pattern, values]
+  end
+end

data/spec/support/match_matcher.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+RSpec::Matchers.define :match do |expected|
+  match do |actual|
+    @captures ||= false
+    match = actual.match(expected)
+    match &&= @captures.all? { |k, v| match[k] == v } if @captures
+    match
+  end
+
+  chain :capturing do |captures|
+    @captures = captures
+  end
+
+  failure_message do |actual|
+    require 'pp'
+    match = actual.match(expected)
+    if match
+      key, value = @captures.detect { |k, v| match[k] != v }
+      message = "expected %p to capture %p as %p when matching %p, but got %p\n\nRegular Expression:\n%p" % [
+        actual.to_s, key, value, expected, match[key], actual.regexp
+      ]
+
+      if ast = actual.instance_variable_get(:@ast)
+        require 'mustermann/ast/tree_renderer'
+        tree = Mustermann::AST::TreeRenderer.render(ast)
+        message << "\n\nAST:\n#{tree}"
+      end
+
+      message
+    else
+      "expected %p to match %p" % [ actual, expected ]
+    end
+  end
+
+  failure_message_when_negated do |actual|
+    "expected %p not to match %p" % [
+      actual.to_s, expected
+    ]
+  end
+end

data/spec/support/pattern.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+require 'timeout'
+
+module Support
+  module Pattern
+    def pattern(pattern, options = nil, &block)
+      description   = "pattern %p" % pattern
+
+      if options
+        description << " with options %p" % [options]
+        instance = subject_for(pattern, options)
+      else
+        instance = subject_for(pattern)
+      end
+
+      context description do
+        subject(:pattern, &instance)
+        its(:to_s) { should be == pattern }
+        its(:inspect) { should be == "#<#{described_class}:#{pattern.inspect}>" }
+        its(:names) { should be_an(Array) }
+
+        example 'string should be immune to external change' do
+          subject.to_s.replace "NOT THE PATTERN"
+          subject.to_s.should be == pattern
+        end
+
+        instance_eval(&block)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def subject_for(pattern, *args)
+      instance = Timeout.timeout(1) { described_class.new(pattern, *args) }
+      proc { instance }
+    rescue Timeout::Error => error
+      proc { raise Timeout::Error, "could not compile #{pattern.inspect} in time", error.backtrace }
+    rescue Exception => error
+      proc { raise error }
+    end
+  end
+end

data/spec/template_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,815 @@
+# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
+require 'support'
+require 'mustermann/template'
+
+describe Mustermann::Template do
+  extend Support::Pattern
+
+  pattern '' do
+    it { should     match('')  }
+    it { should_not match('/') }
+  end
+
+  pattern '/' do
+    it { should     match('/')    }
+    it { should_not match('/foo') }
+  end
+
+  pattern '/foo' do
+    it { should     match('/foo')     }
+    it { should_not match('/bar')     }
+    it { should_not match('/foo.bar') }
+  end
+
+  pattern '/foo/bar' do
+    it { should     match('/foo/bar')   }
+    it { should_not match('/foo%2Fbar') }
+    it { should_not match('/foo%2fbar') }
+  end
+
+  pattern '/:foo' do
+    it { should     match('/:foo')    }
+    it { should     match('/%3Afoo')  }
+    it { should_not match('/foo')     }
+    it { should_not match('/foo?')    }
+    it { should_not match('/foo/bar') }
+    it { should_not match('/')        }
+    it { should_not match('/foo/')    }
+  end
+
+  pattern '/föö' do
+    it { should match("/f%C3%B6%C3%B6") }
+  end
+
+  pattern '/test$/' do
+    it { should match('/test$/') }
+  end
+
+  pattern '/te+st/' do
+    it { should     match('/te+st/') }
+    it { should_not match('/test/')  }
+    it { should_not match('/teest/') }
+  end
+
+  pattern "/path with spaces" do
+    it { should match('/path%20with%20spaces') }
+    it { should match('/path%2Bwith%2Bspaces') }
+    it { should match('/path+with+spaces')     }
+  end
+
+  pattern '/foo&bar' do
+    it { should match('/foo&bar') }
+  end
+
+  pattern '/test.bar' do
+    it { should     match('/test.bar') }
+    it { should_not match('/test0bar') }
+  end
+
+  pattern "/path with spaces", space_matches_plus: false do
+    it { should     match('/path%20with%20spaces') }
+    it { should_not match('/path%2Bwith%2Bspaces') }
+    it { should_not match('/path+with+spaces')     }
+  end
+
+  pattern "/path with spaces", uri_decode: false do
+    it { should_not match('/path%20with%20spaces') }
+    it { should_not match('/path%2Bwith%2Bspaces') }
+    it { should_not match('/path+with+spaces')     }
+  end
+
+  context 'level 1' do
+    context 'without operator' do
+      pattern '/hello/{person}' do
+        it { should match('/hello/Frank').capturing person: 'Frank' }
+        it { should match('/hello/a_b~c').capturing person: 'a_b~c' }
+        it { should match('/hello/a.%20').capturing person: 'a.%20' }
+
+        it { should_not match('/hello/:') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello//') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/#') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/[') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/]') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/@') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/!') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/*') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/+') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/,') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/=') }
+
+        example { pattern.params('/hello/Frank').should be == {'person' => 'Frank'} }
+      end
+
+      pattern "/{foo}/{bar}" do
+        it { should match('/foo/bar')         .capturing foo: 'foo',     bar: 'bar'     }
+        it { should match('/foo.bar/bar.foo') .capturing foo: 'foo.bar', bar: 'bar.foo' }
+        it { should match('/10.1/te.st')      .capturing foo: '10.1',    bar: 'te.st'   }
+        it { should match('/10.1.2/te.st')    .capturing foo: '10.1.2',  bar: 'te.st'   }
+
+        it { should_not match('/foo%2Fbar') }
+        it { should_not match('/foo%2fbar') }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'level 2' do
+    context 'operator +' do
+      pattern '/hello/{+person}' do
+        it { should match('/hello/Frank') .capturing person: 'Frank' }
+        it { should match('/hello/a_b~c') .capturing person: 'a_b~c' }
+        it { should match('/hello/a.%20') .capturing person: 'a.%20' }
+        it { should match('/hello/a/%20') .capturing person: 'a/%20' }
+        it { should match('/hello/:')     .capturing person: ?:      }
+        it { should match('/hello//')     .capturing person: ?/      }
+        it { should match('/hello/?')     .capturing person: ??      }
+        it { should match('/hello/#')     .capturing person: ?#      }
+        it { should match('/hello/[')     .capturing person: ?[      }
+        it { should match('/hello/]')     .capturing person: ?]      }
+        it { should match('/hello/@')     .capturing person: ?@      }
+        it { should match('/hello/!')     .capturing person: ?!      }
+        it { should match('/hello/*')     .capturing person: ?*      }
+        it { should match('/hello/+')     .capturing person: ?+      }
+        it { should match('/hello/,')     .capturing person: ?,      }
+        it { should match('/hello/;')     .capturing person: ?;      }
+        it { should match('/hello/=')     .capturing person: ?=      }
+      end
+
+      pattern "/{+foo}/{bar}" do
+        it { should match('/foo/bar')         .capturing foo: 'foo',     bar: 'bar'     }
+        it { should match('/foo.bar/bar.foo') .capturing foo: 'foo.bar', bar: 'bar.foo' }
+        it { should match('/foo/bar/bar.foo') .capturing foo: 'foo/bar', bar: 'bar.foo' }
+        it { should match('/10.1/te.st')      .capturing foo: '10.1',    bar: 'te.st'   }
+        it { should match('/10.1.2/te.st')    .capturing foo: '10.1.2',  bar: 'te.st'   }
+
+        it { should_not match('/foo%2Fbar') }
+        it { should_not match('/foo%2fbar') }
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'operator #' do
+      pattern '/hello/{#person}' do
+        it { should match('/hello/#Frank') .capturing person: 'Frank' }
+        it { should match('/hello/#a_b~c') .capturing person: 'a_b~c' }
+        it { should match('/hello/#a.%20') .capturing person: 'a.%20' }
+        it { should match('/hello/#a/%20') .capturing person: 'a/%20' }
+        it { should match('/hello/#:')     .capturing person: ?:      }
+        it { should match('/hello/#/')     .capturing person: ?/      }
+        it { should match('/hello/#?')     .capturing person: ??      }
+        it { should match('/hello/##')     .capturing person: ?#      }
+        it { should match('/hello/#[')     .capturing person: ?[      }
+        it { should match('/hello/#]')     .capturing person: ?]      }
+        it { should match('/hello/#@')     .capturing person: ?@      }
+        it { should match('/hello/#!')     .capturing person: ?!      }
+        it { should match('/hello/#*')     .capturing person: ?*      }
+        it { should match('/hello/#+')     .capturing person: ?+      }
+        it { should match('/hello/#,')     .capturing person: ?,      }
+        it { should match('/hello/#;')     .capturing person: ?;      }
+        it { should match('/hello/#=')     .capturing person: ?=      }
+
+
+        it { should_not match('/hello/Frank') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/a_b~c') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/a.%20') }
+
+        it { should_not match('/hello/:') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello//') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/#') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/[') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/]') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/@') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/!') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/*') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/+') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/,') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/=') }
+
+
+        example { pattern.params('/hello/#Frank').should be == {'person' => 'Frank'} }
+      end
+
+      pattern "/{+foo}/{#bar}" do
+        it { should match('/foo/#bar')         .capturing foo: 'foo',     bar: 'bar'     }
+        it { should match('/foo.bar/#bar.foo') .capturing foo: 'foo.bar', bar: 'bar.foo' }
+        it { should match('/foo/bar/#bar.foo') .capturing foo: 'foo/bar', bar: 'bar.foo' }
+        it { should match('/10.1/#te.st')      .capturing foo: '10.1',    bar: 'te.st'   }
+        it { should match('/10.1.2/#te.st')    .capturing foo: '10.1.2',  bar: 'te.st'   }
+
+        it { should_not match('/foo%2F#bar') }
+        it { should_not match('/foo%2f#bar') }
+
+        example { pattern.params('/hello/#Frank').should be == {'foo' => 'hello', 'bar' => 'Frank'} }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'level 3' do
+    context 'without operator' do
+      pattern "{a,b,c}" do
+        it { should match("~x,42,_").capturing a: '~x', b: '42', c: '_' }
+        it { should_not match("~x,42")      }
+        it { should_not match("~x/42")      }
+        it { should_not match("~x#42")      }
+        it { should_not match("~x,42,_#42") }
+
+        example { pattern.params('d,f,g').should be == {'a' => 'd', 'b' => 'f', 'c' => 'g'} }
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'operator +' do
+      pattern "{+a,b,c}" do
+        it { should match("~x,42,_")     .capturing a: '~x', b: '42', c: '_'     }
+        it { should match("~x,42,_#42")  .capturing a: '~x', b: '42', c: '_#42'  }
+        it { should match("~/x,42,_/42") .capturing a: '~/x', b: '42', c: '_/42' }
+
+        it { should_not match("~x,42")      }
+        it { should_not match("~x/42")      }
+        it { should_not match("~x#42")      }
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'operator #' do
+      pattern "{#a,b,c}" do
+        it { should match("#~x,42,_")     .capturing a: '~x', b: '42', c: '_'     }
+        it { should match("#~x,42,_#42")  .capturing a: '~x', b: '42', c: '_#42'  }
+        it { should match("#~/x,42,_#42") .capturing a: '~/x', b: '42', c: '_#42' }
+
+        it { should_not match("~x,42,_")     }
+        it { should_not match("~x,42,_#42")  }
+        it { should_not match("~/x,42,_#42") }
+
+        it { should_not match("~x,42")      }
+        it { should_not match("~x/42")      }
+        it { should_not match("~x#42")      }
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'operator .' do
+      pattern '/hello/{.person}' do
+        it { should match('/hello/.Frank') .capturing person: 'Frank' }
+        it { should match('/hello/.a_b~c') .capturing person: 'a_b~c' }
+
+        it { should_not match('/hello/.:') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/./') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/.?') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/.#') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/.[') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/.]') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/.@') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/.!') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/.*') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/.+') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/.,') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/.;') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/.=') }
+
+        it { should_not match('/hello/Frank')  }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/a_b~c')  }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/a.%20')  }
+
+        it { should_not match('/hello/:') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello//') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/#') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/[') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/]') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/@') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/!') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/*') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/+') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/,') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/=') }
+      end
+
+      pattern "{.a,b,c}" do
+        it { should match(".~x.42._").capturing a: '~x', b: '42', c: '_' }
+        it { should_not match(".~x,42")   }
+        it { should_not match(".~x/42")   }
+        it { should_not match(".~x#42")   }
+        it { should_not match(".~x,42,_") }
+        it { should_not match("~x.42._")  }
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'operator /' do
+      pattern '/hello{/person}' do
+        it { should match('/hello/Frank') .capturing person: 'Frank' }
+        it { should match('/hello/a_b~c') .capturing person: 'a_b~c' }
+
+        it { should_not match('/hello//:') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello///') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello//?') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello//#') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello//[') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello//]') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello//@') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello//!') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello//*') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello//+') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello//,') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello//;') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello//=') }
+
+        it { should_not match('/hello/:') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello//') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/#') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/[') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/]') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/@') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/!') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/*') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/+') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/,') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/=') }
+      end
+
+      pattern "{/a,b,c}" do
+        it { should match("/~x/42/_").capturing a: '~x', b: '42', c: '_' }
+        it { should_not match("/~x,42")   }
+        it { should_not match("/~x.42")   }
+        it { should_not match("/~x#42")   }
+        it { should_not match("/~x,42,_") }
+        it { should_not match("~x/42/_")  }
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'operator ;' do
+      pattern '/hello/{;person}' do
+        it { should match('/hello/;person=Frank') .capturing person: 'Frank' }
+        it { should match('/hello/;person=a_b~c') .capturing person: 'a_b~c' }
+        it { should match('/hello/;person')       .capturing person: nil     }
+
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;persona=Frank') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;persona=a_b~c') }
+
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;person=:') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;person=/') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;person=?') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;person=#') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;person=[') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;person=]') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;person=@') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;person=!') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;person=*') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;person=+') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;person=,') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;person=;') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;person==') }
+
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;Frank')  }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;a_b~c')  }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;a.%20')  }
+
+        it { should_not match('/hello/:') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello//') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/#') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/[') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/]') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/@') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/!') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/*') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/+') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/,') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/=') }
+      end
+
+      pattern "{;a,b,c}" do
+        it { should match(";a=~x;b=42;c=_") .capturing a: '~x', b: '42', c: '_' }
+        it { should match(";a=~x;b;c=_")    .capturing a: '~x', b: nil,  c: '_' }
+
+        it { should_not match(";a=~x;c=_;b=42").capturing a: '~x', b: '42', c: '_' }
+
+        it { should_not match(";a=~x;b=42")     }
+        it { should_not match("a=~x;b=42")      }
+        it { should_not match(";a=~x;b=#42;c")  }
+        it { should_not match(";a=~x,b=42,c=_") }
+        it { should_not match("~x;b=42;c=_")    }
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'operator ?' do
+      pattern '/hello/{?person}' do
+        it { should match('/hello/?person=Frank') .capturing person: 'Frank' }
+        it { should match('/hello/?person=a_b~c') .capturing person: 'a_b~c' }
+        it { should match('/hello/?person')       .capturing person: nil     }
+
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?persona=Frank') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?persona=a_b~c') }
+
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?person=:') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?person=/') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?person=?') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?person=#') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?person=[') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?person=]') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?person=@') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?person=!') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?person=*') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?person=+') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?person=,') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?person=;') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?person==') }
+
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?Frank')  }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?a_b~c')  }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?a.%20')  }
+
+        it { should_not match('/hello/:') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello//') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/#') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/[') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/]') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/@') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/!') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/*') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/+') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/,') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/=') }
+      end
+
+      pattern "{?a,b,c}" do
+        it { should match("?a=~x&b=42&c=_") .capturing a: '~x', b: '42', c: '_' }
+        it { should match("?a=~x&b&c=_")    .capturing a: '~x', b: nil,  c: '_' }
+
+        it { should_not match("?a=~x&c=_&b=42").capturing a: '~x', b: '42', c: '_' }
+
+        it { should_not match("?a=~x&b=42")     }
+        it { should_not match("a=~x&b=42")      }
+        it { should_not match("?a=~x&b=#42&c")  }
+        it { should_not match("?a=~x,b=42,c=_") }
+        it { should_not match("~x&b=42&c=_")    }
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'operator &' do
+      pattern '/hello/{&person}' do
+        it { should match('/hello/&person=Frank') .capturing person: 'Frank' }
+        it { should match('/hello/&person=a_b~c') .capturing person: 'a_b~c' }
+        it { should match('/hello/&person')       .capturing person: nil     }
+
+        it { should_not match('/hello/&persona=Frank') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/&persona=a_b~c') }
+
+        it { should_not match('/hello/&person=:') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/&person=/') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/&person=?') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/&person=#') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/&person=[') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/&person=]') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/&person=@') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/&person=!') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/&person=*') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/&person=+') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/&person=,') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/&person=;') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/&person==') }
+
+        it { should_not match('/hello/&Frank')  }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/&a_b~c')  }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/&a.%20')  }
+
+        it { should_not match('/hello/:') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello//') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/?') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/#') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/[') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/]') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/@') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/!') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/*') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/+') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/,') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/;') }
+        it { should_not match('/hello/=') }
+      end
+
+      pattern "{&a,b,c}" do
+        it { should match("&a=~x&b=42&c=_") .capturing a: '~x', b: '42', c: '_' }
+        it { should match("&a=~x&b&c=_")    .capturing a: '~x', b: nil,  c: '_' }
+
+        it { should_not match("&a=~x&c=_&b=42").capturing a: '~x', b: '42', c: '_' }
+
+        it { should_not match("&a=~x&b=42")     }
+        it { should_not match("a=~x&b=42")      }
+        it { should_not match("&a=~x&b=#42&c")  }
+        it { should_not match("&a=~x,b=42,c=_") }
+        it { should_not match("~x&b=42&c=_")    }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'level 4' do
+    context 'without operator' do
+      context 'prefix' do
+        pattern '{a:3}/bar' do
+          it { should match('foo/bar') .capturing a: 'foo' }
+          it { should match('fo/bar')  .capturing a: 'fo'  }
+          it { should match('f/bar')   .capturing a: 'f'   }
+          it { should_not match('fooo/bar') }
+        end
+
+        pattern '{a:3}{b}' do
+          it { should match('foobar') .capturing a: 'foo', b: 'bar' }
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'expand' do
+        pattern '{a*}' do
+          it { should match('a')     .capturing a: 'a'     }
+          it { should match('a,b')   .capturing a: 'a,b'   }
+          it { should match('a,b,c') .capturing a: 'a,b,c' }
+          it { should_not match('a,b/c') }
+          it { should_not match('a,') }
+
+          example { pattern.params('a').should be == { 'a' => ['a'] }}
+          example { pattern.params('a,b').should be == { 'a' => ['a', 'b'] }}
+        end
+
+        pattern '{a*},{b}' do
+          it { should match('a,b')   .capturing a: 'a',   b: 'b' }
+          it { should match('a,b,c') .capturing a: 'a,b', b: 'c' }
+          it { should_not match('a,b/c') }
+          it { should_not match('a,') }
+
+          example { pattern.params('a,b').should be == { 'a' => ['a'], 'b' => 'b' }}
+          example { pattern.params('a,b,c').should be == { 'a' => ['a', 'b'], 'b' => 'c' }}
+        end
+
+        pattern '{a*,b}' do
+          it { should match('a,b')   .capturing a: 'a',   b: 'b' }
+          it { should match('a,b,c') .capturing a: 'a,b', b: 'c' }
+          it { should_not match('a,b/c') }
+          it { should_not match('a,') }
+
+          example { pattern.params('a,b').should be == { 'a' => ['a'], 'b' => 'b' }}
+          example { pattern.params('a,b,c').should be == { 'a' => ['a', 'b'], 'b' => 'c' }}
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'operator +' do
+      context 'prefix' do
+        pattern '{+a:3}/bar' do
+          it { should match('foo/bar') .capturing a: 'foo' }
+          it { should match('fo/bar')  .capturing a: 'fo'  }
+          it { should match('f/bar')   .capturing a: 'f'   }
+          it { should_not match('fooo/bar') }
+        end
+
+        pattern '{+a:3}{b}' do
+          it { should match('foobar') .capturing a: 'foo', b: 'bar' }
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'expand' do
+        pattern '{+a*}' do
+          it { should match('a')     .capturing a: 'a'     }
+          it { should match('a,b')   .capturing a: 'a,b'   }
+          it { should match('a,b,c') .capturing a: 'a,b,c' }
+          it { should match('a,b/c') .capturing a: 'a,b/c' }
+        end
+
+        pattern '{+a*},{b}' do
+          it { should match('a,b')   .capturing a: 'a',   b: 'b' }
+          it { should match('a,b,c') .capturing a: 'a,b', b: 'c' }
+          it { should_not match('a,b/c') }
+          it { should_not match('a,') }
+
+          example { pattern.params('a,b').should be == { 'a' => ['a'], 'b' => 'b' }}
+          example { pattern.params('a,b,c').should be == { 'a' => ['a', 'b'], 'b' => 'c' }}
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'operator #' do
+      context 'prefix' do
+        pattern '{#a:3}/bar' do
+          it { should match('#foo/bar') .capturing a: 'foo' }
+          it { should match('#fo/bar')  .capturing a: 'fo'  }
+          it { should match('#f/bar')   .capturing a: 'f'   }
+          it { should_not match('#fooo/bar') }
+        end
+
+        pattern '{#a:3}{b}' do
+          it { should match('#foobar') .capturing a: 'foo', b: 'bar' }
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'expand' do
+        pattern '{#a*}' do
+          it { should match('#a')     .capturing a: 'a'     }
+          it { should match('#a,b')   .capturing a: 'a,b'   }
+          it { should match('#a,b,c') .capturing a: 'a,b,c' }
+          it { should match('#a,b/c') .capturing a: 'a,b/c' }
+
+          example { pattern.params('#a,b').should be == { 'a' => ['a', 'b'] }}
+          example { pattern.params('#a,b,c').should be == { 'a' => ['a', 'b', 'c'] }}
+        end
+
+        pattern '{#a*,b}' do
+          it { should match('#a,b')   .capturing a: 'a',   b: 'b' }
+          it { should match('#a,b,c') .capturing a: 'a,b', b: 'c' }
+          it { should_not match('#a,') }
+
+          example { pattern.params('#a,b').should be == { 'a' => ['a'], 'b' => 'b' }}
+          example { pattern.params('#a,b,c').should be == { 'a' => ['a', 'b'], 'b' => 'c' }}
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'operator .' do
+      context 'prefix' do
+        pattern '{.a:3}/bar' do
+          it { should match('.foo/bar') .capturing a: 'foo' }
+          it { should match('.fo/bar')  .capturing a: 'fo'  }
+          it { should match('.f/bar')   .capturing a: 'f'   }
+          it { should_not match('.fooo/bar') }
+        end
+
+        pattern '{.a:3}{b}' do
+          it { should match('.foobar') .capturing a: 'foo', b: 'bar' }
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'expand' do
+        pattern '{.a*}' do
+          it { should match('.a')     .capturing a: 'a'     }
+          it { should match('.a.b')   .capturing a: 'a.b'   }
+          it { should match('.a.b.c') .capturing a: 'a.b.c' }
+          it { should_not match('.a.b,c') }
+          it { should_not match('.a,') }
+        end
+
+        pattern '{.a*,b}' do
+          it { should match('.a.b')   .capturing a: 'a',   b: 'b' }
+          it { should match('.a.b.c') .capturing a: 'a.b', b: 'c' }
+          it { should_not match('.a.b/c') }
+          it { should_not match('.a.') }
+
+          example { pattern.params('.a.b').should be == { 'a' => ['a'], 'b' => 'b' }}
+          example { pattern.params('.a.b.c').should be == { 'a' => ['a', 'b'], 'b' => 'c' }}
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'operator /' do
+      context 'prefix' do
+        pattern '{/a:3}/bar' do
+          it { should match('/foo/bar') .capturing a: 'foo' }
+          it { should match('/fo/bar')  .capturing a: 'fo'  }
+          it { should match('/f/bar')   .capturing a: 'f'   }
+          it { should_not match('/fooo/bar') }
+        end
+
+        pattern '{/a:3}{b}' do
+          it { should match('/foobar') .capturing a: 'foo', b: 'bar' }
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'expand' do
+        pattern '{/a*}' do
+          it { should match('/a')     .capturing a: 'a'     }
+          it { should match('/a/b')   .capturing a: 'a/b'   }
+          it { should match('/a/b/c') .capturing a: 'a/b/c' }
+          it { should_not match('/a/b,c') }
+          it { should_not match('/a,') }
+        end
+
+        pattern '{/a*,b}' do
+          it { should match('/a/b')   .capturing a: 'a',   b: 'b' }
+          it { should match('/a/b/c') .capturing a: 'a/b', b: 'c' }
+          it { should_not match('/a/b,c') }
+          it { should_not match('/a/') }
+
+          example { pattern.params('/a/b').should be == { 'a' => ['a'], 'b' => 'b' }}
+          example { pattern.params('/a/b/c').should be == { 'a' => ['a', 'b'], 'b' => 'c' }}
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'operator ;' do
+      context 'prefix' do
+        pattern '{;a:3}/bar' do
+          it { should match(';a=foo/bar') .capturing a: 'foo' }
+          it { should match(';a=fo/bar')  .capturing a: 'fo'  }
+          it { should match(';a=f/bar')   .capturing a: 'f'   }
+          it { should_not match(';a=fooo/bar') }
+        end
+
+        pattern '{;a:3}{b}' do
+          it { should match(';a=foobar') .capturing a: 'foo', b: 'bar' }
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'expand' do
+        pattern '{;a*}' do
+          it { should match(';a=1')         .capturing a: 'a=1'         }
+          it { should match(';a=1;a=2')     .capturing a: 'a=1;a=2'     }
+          it { should match(';a=1;a=2;a=3') .capturing a: 'a=1;a=2;a=3' }
+          it { should_not match(';a=1;a=2;b=3') }
+          it { should_not match(';a=1;a=2;a=3,') }
+        end
+
+        pattern '{;a*,b}' do
+          it { should match(';a=1;b')       .capturing a: 'a=1',     b: nil }
+          it { should match(';a=2;a=2;b=1') .capturing a: 'a=2;a=2', b: '1' }
+          it { should_not match(';a;b;c') }
+          it { should_not match(';a;') }
+
+          example { pattern.params(';a=2;a=2;b').should be == { 'a' => ['2', '2'], 'b' => nil }}
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'operator ?' do
+      context 'prefix' do
+        pattern '{?a:3}/bar' do
+          it { should match('?a=foo/bar') .capturing a: 'foo' }
+          it { should match('?a=fo/bar')  .capturing a: 'fo'  }
+          it { should match('?a=f/bar')   .capturing a: 'f'   }
+          it { should_not match('?a=fooo/bar') }
+        end
+
+        pattern '{?a:3}{b}' do
+          it { should match('?a=foobar') .capturing a: 'foo', b: 'bar' }
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'expand' do
+        pattern '{?a*}' do
+          it { should match('?a=1')         .capturing a: 'a=1'         }
+          it { should match('?a=1&a=2')     .capturing a: 'a=1&a=2'     }
+          it { should match('?a=1&a=2&a=3') .capturing a: 'a=1&a=2&a=3' }
+          it { should_not match('?a=1&a=2&b=3') }
+          it { should_not match('?a=1&a=2&a=3,') }
+        end
+
+        pattern '{?a*,b}' do
+          it { should match('?a=1&b')       .capturing a: 'a=1',     b: nil }
+          it { should match('?a=2&a=2&b=1') .capturing a: 'a=2&a=2', b: '1' }
+          it { should_not match('?a&b&c') }
+          it { should_not match('?a&') }
+
+          example { pattern.params('?a=2&a=2&b').should be == { 'a' => ['2', '2'], 'b' => nil }}
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'operator &' do
+      context 'prefix' do
+        pattern '{&a:3}/bar' do
+          it { should match('&a=foo/bar') .capturing a: 'foo' }
+          it { should match('&a=fo/bar')  .capturing a: 'fo'  }
+          it { should match('&a=f/bar')   .capturing a: 'f'   }
+          it { should_not match('&a=fooo/bar') }
+        end
+
+        pattern '{&a:3}{b}' do
+          it { should match('&a=foobar') .capturing a: 'foo', b: 'bar' }
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'expand' do
+        pattern '{&a*}' do
+          it { should match('&a=1')         .capturing a: 'a=1'         }
+          it { should match('&a=1&a=2')     .capturing a: 'a=1&a=2'     }
+          it { should match('&a=1&a=2&a=3') .capturing a: 'a=1&a=2&a=3' }
+          it { should_not match('&a=1&a=2&b=3') }
+          it { should_not match('&a=1&a=2&a=3,') }
+        end
+
+        pattern '{&a*,b}' do
+          it { should match('&a=1&b')       .capturing a: 'a=1',     b: nil }
+          it { should match('&a=2&a=2&b=1') .capturing a: 'a=2&a=2', b: '1' }
+          it { should_not match('&a&b&c') }
+          it { should_not match('&a&') }
+
+          example { pattern.params('&a=2&a=2&b').should be == { 'a' => ['2', '2'], 'b' => nil }}
+          example { pattern.params('&a=2&a=%20&b').should be == { 'a' => ['2', ' '], 'b' => nil }}
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'invalid syntax' do
+    example 'unexpected closing bracket' do
+      expect { Mustermann::Template.new('foo}bar') }.
+        to raise_error(Mustermann::ParseError, 'unexpected } while parsing "foo}bar"')
+    end
+
+    example 'missing closing bracket' do
+      expect { Mustermann::Template.new('foo{bar') }.
+        to raise_error(Mustermann::ParseError, 'unexpected end of string while parsing "foo{bar"')
+    end
+  end
+end