mongo 2.6.2 → 2.16.0

data/lib/mongo/cluster.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2014-2018 MongoDB, Inc.
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# encoding: utf-8
+
+# Copyright (C) 2014-2020 MongoDB Inc.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,7 +19,6 @@ require 'mongo/cluster/topology'
 require 'mongo/cluster/reapers/socket_reaper'
 require 'mongo/cluster/reapers/cursor_reaper'
 require 'mongo/cluster/periodic_executor'
-require 'mongo/cluster/app_metadata'
 
 module Mongo
 
@@ -29,18 +31,20 @@ module Mongo
     include Monitoring::Publishable
     include Event::Subscriber
     include Loggable
+    include ClusterTime::Consumer
 
-    # The default number of mongos read retries.
+    # The default number of legacy read retries.
     #
     # @since 2.1.1
     MAX_READ_RETRIES = 1
 
-    # The default number of mongos write retries.
+    # The default number of legacy write retries.
     #
     # @since 2.4.2
     MAX_WRITE_RETRIES = 1
 
-    # The default mongos read retry interval, in seconds.
+    # The default read retry interval, in seconds, when using legacy read
+    # retries.
     #
     # @since 2.1.1
     READ_RETRY_INTERVAL = 5
@@ -53,105 +57,9 @@ module Mongo
     # The cluster time key in responses from mongos servers.
     #
     # @since 2.5.0
+    # @deprecated
     CLUSTER_TIME = 'clusterTime'.freeze
 
-    # @return [ Hash ] The options hash.
-    attr_reader :options
-
-    # @return [ Monitoring ] monitoring The monitoring.
-    attr_reader :monitoring
-
-    # @return [ Object ] The cluster topology.
-    attr_reader :topology
-
-    # @return [ Mongo::Cluster::AppMetadata ] The application metadata, used for connection
-    #   handshakes.
-    #
-    # @since 2.4.0
-    attr_reader :app_metadata
-
-    # @return [ BSON::Document ] The latest cluster time seen.
-    #
-    # @since 2.5.0
-    attr_reader :cluster_time
-
-    # @private
-    #
-    # @since 2.5.1
-    attr_reader :session_pool
-
-    def_delegators :topology, :replica_set?, :replica_set_name, :sharded?,
-                   :single?, :unknown?, :member_discovered
-    def_delegators :@cursor_reaper, :register_cursor, :schedule_kill_cursor, :unregister_cursor
-
-    # Determine if this cluster of servers is equal to another object. Checks the
-    # servers currently in the cluster, not what was configured.
-    #
-    # @example Is the cluster equal to the object?
-    #   cluster == other
-    #
-    # @param [ Object ] other The object to compare to.
-    #
-    # @return [ true, false ] If the objects are equal.
-    #
-    # @since 2.0.0
-    def ==(other)
-      return false unless other.is_a?(Cluster)
-      addresses == other.addresses && options == other.options
-    end
-
-    # Add a server to the cluster with the provided address. Useful in
-    # auto-discovery of new servers when an existing server executes an ismaster
-    # and potentially non-configured servers were included.
-    #
-    # @example Add the server for the address to the cluster.
-    #   cluster.add('127.0.0.1:27018')
-    #
-    # @param [ String ] host The address of the server to add.
-    #
-    # @return [ Server ] The newly added server, if not present already.
-    #
-    # @since 2.0.0
-    def add(host)
-      address = Address.new(host, options)
-      if !addresses.include?(address)
-        if addition_allowed?(address)
-          @update_lock.synchronize { @addresses.push(address) }
-          server = Server.new(address, self, @monitoring, event_listeners, options)
-          @update_lock.synchronize { @servers.push(server) }
-          server
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Determine if the cluster would select a readable server for the
-    # provided read preference.
-    #
-    # @example Is a readable server present?
-    #   topology.has_readable_server?(server_selector)
-    #
-    # @param [ ServerSelector ] server_selector The server
-    #   selector.
-    #
-    # @return [ true, false ] If a readable server is present.
-    #
-    # @since 2.4.0
-    def has_readable_server?(server_selector = nil)
-      topology.has_readable_server?(self, server_selector)
-    end
-
-    # Determine if the cluster would select a writable server.
-    #
-    # @example Is a writable server present?
-    #   topology.has_writable_server?
-    #
-    # @return [ true, false ] If a writable server is present.
-    #
-    # @since 2.4.0
-    def has_writable_server?
-      topology.has_writable_server?(self)
-    end
-
     # Instantiate the new cluster.
     #
     # @api private
@@ -172,143 +80,305 @@ module Mongo
     #   options to Cluster constructor, although Cluster recognizes
     #   only a subset of the options recognized by Client.
     #
+    # @option options [ true | false ] :direct_connection Whether to connect
+    #   directly to the specified seed, bypassing topology discovery. Exactly
+    #   one seed must be provided.
+    # @option options [ Symbol ] :connect Deprecated - use :direct_connection
+    #   option instead of this option. The connection method to use. This
+    #   forces the cluster to behave in the specified way instead of
+    #   auto-discovering. One of :direct, :replica_set, :sharded
+    # @option options [ Symbol ] :replica_set The name of the replica set to
+    #   connect to. Servers not in this replica set will be ignored.
+    # @option options [ true | false ] :scan Whether to scan all seeds
+    #   in constructor. The default in driver version 2.x is to do so;
+    #   driver version 3.x will not scan seeds in constructor. Opt in to the
+    #   new behavior by setting this option to false. *Note:* setting
+    #   this option to nil enables scanning seeds in constructor in driver
+    #   version 2.x. Driver version 3.x will recognize this option but
+    #   will ignore it and will never scan seeds in the constructor.
+    # @option options [ true | false ] :monitoring_io For internal driver
+    #   use only. Set to false to prevent SDAM-related I/O from being
+    #   done by this cluster or servers under it. Note: setting this option
+    #   to false will make the cluster non-functional. It is intended for
+    #   use in tests which manually invoke SDAM state transitions.
+    # @option options [ true | false ] :cleanup For internal driver use only.
+    #   Set to false to prevent endSessions command being sent to the server
+    #   to clean up server sessions when the cluster is disconnected, and to
+    #   to not start the periodic executor. If :monitoring_io is false,
+    #   :cleanup automatically defaults to false as well.
+    # @option options [ Float ] :heartbeat_frequency The interval, in seconds,
+    #   for the server monitor to refresh its description via hello.
+    # @option options [ Hash ] :resolv_options For internal driver use only.
+    #   Options to pass through to Resolv::DNS constructor for SRV lookups.
+    # @option options [ Hash ] :server_api The requested server API version.
+    #   This hash can have the following items:
+    #   - *:version* -- string
+    #   - *:strict* -- boolean
+    #   - *:deprecation_errors* -- boolean
+    #
     # @since 2.0.0
     def initialize(seeds, monitoring, options = Options::Redacted.new)
-      @addresses = []
+      if seeds.nil?
+        raise ArgumentError, 'Seeds cannot be nil'
+      end
+
+      options = options.dup
+      if options[:monitoring_io] == false && !options.key?(:cleanup)
+        options[:cleanup] = false
+      end
+      @options = options.freeze
+
+      # @update_lock covers @servers, @connecting, @connected, @topology and
+      # @sessions_supported. Generally instance variables that do not have a
+      # designated for them lock should only be modified under the update lock.
+      # Note that topology change is locked by @update_lock and not by
+      # @sdam_flow_lock.
+      @update_lock = Mutex.new
       @servers = []
       @monitoring = monitoring
       @event_listeners = Event::Listeners.new
-      @options = options.freeze
-      @app_metadata = AppMetadata.new(self)
-      @update_lock = Mutex.new
-      @pool_lock = Mutex.new
-      @cluster_time = nil
+      @app_metadata = Server::AppMetadata.new(@options.merge(purpose: :application))
+      @monitor_app_metadata = Server::Monitor::AppMetadata.new(@options.merge(purpose: :monitor))
+      @push_monitor_app_metadata = Server::Monitor::AppMetadata.new(@options.merge(purpose: :push_monitor))
       @cluster_time_lock = Mutex.new
-      @topology = Topology.initial(seeds, monitoring, options)
+      @cluster_time = nil
+      @srv_monitor_lock = Mutex.new
+      @srv_monitor = nil
+      @server_selection_semaphore = Semaphore.new
+      @topology = Topology.initial(self, monitoring, options)
+      # State change lock is similar to the sdam flow lock, but is designed
+      # to serialize state changes initated by consumers of Cluster
+      # (e.g. application connecting or disconnecting the cluster), so that
+      # e.g. an application calling disconnect-connect-disconnect rapidly
+      # does not put the cluster into an inconsistent state.
+      # Monitoring updates performed internally by the driver do not take
+      # the state change lock.
+      @state_change_lock = Mutex.new
+      # @sdam_flow_lock covers just the sdam flow. Note it does not apply
+      # to @topology replacements which are done under @update_lock.
+      @sdam_flow_lock = Mutex.new
       Session::SessionPool.create(self)
 
+      if seeds.empty? && load_balanced?
+        raise ArgumentError, 'Load-balanced clusters with no seeds are prohibited'
+      end
+
+      # The opening topology is always unknown with no servers.
+      # https://github.com/mongodb/specifications/pull/388
+      opening_topology = Topology::Unknown.new(options, monitoring, self)
+
       publish_sdam_event(
         Monitoring::TOPOLOGY_OPENING,
-        Monitoring::Event::TopologyOpening.new(@topology)
+        Monitoring::Event::TopologyOpening.new(opening_topology)
       )
 
-      subscribe_to(Event::STANDALONE_DISCOVERED, Event::StandaloneDiscovered.new(self))
-      subscribe_to(Event::DESCRIPTION_CHANGED, Event::DescriptionChanged.new(self))
-      subscribe_to(Event::MEMBER_DISCOVERED, Event::MemberDiscovered.new(self))
+      @seeds = seeds = seeds.uniq
+      servers = seeds.map do |seed|
+        # Server opening events must be sent after topology change events.
+        # Therefore separate server addition, done here before topology change
+        # event is published, from starting to monitor the server which is
+        # done later.
+        add(seed, monitor: false)
+      end
 
-      seeds.each{ |seed| add(seed) }
+      if seeds.size >= 1
+        # Recreate the topology to get the current server list into it
+        recreate_topology(topology, opening_topology)
+      end
 
-      publish_sdam_event(
-        Monitoring::TOPOLOGY_CHANGED,
-        Monitoring::Event::TopologyChanged.new(@topology, @topology)
-      ) if @servers.size > 1
+      if load_balanced?
+        # We are required by the specifications to produce certain SDAM events
+        # when in load-balanced topology.
+        # These events don't make a lot of sense from the standpoint of the
+        # driver's SDAM implementation, nor from the standpoint of the
+        # driver's load balancer implementation.
+        # They are just required boilerplate.
+        #
+        # Note that this call must be done above the monitoring_io check
+        # because that short-circuits the rest of the constructor.
+        fabricate_lb_sdam_events_and_set_server_type
+      end
 
-      @cursor_reaper = CursorReaper.new
-      @socket_reaper = SocketReaper.new(self)
-      @periodic_executor = PeriodicExecutor.new(@cursor_reaper, @socket_reaper)
-      @periodic_executor.run!
+      if options[:monitoring_io] == false
+        # Omit periodic executor construction, because without servers
+        # no commands can be sent to the cluster and there shouldn't ever
+        # be anything that needs to be cleaned up.
+        #
+        # Omit monitoring individual servers and the legacy single round of
+        # of SDAM on the main thread, as it would race with tests that mock
+        # SDAM responses.
+        @connecting = @connected = false
+        return
+      end
 
-      ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self, self.class.finalize(pools, @periodic_executor, @session_pool))
-    end
+      # Update instance variables prior to starting monitoring threads.
+      @connecting = false
+      @connected = true
 
-    # Finalize the cluster for garbage collection. Disconnects all the scoped
-    # connection pools.
-    #
-    # @example Finalize the cluster.
-    #   Cluster.finalize(pools)
-    #
-    # @param [ Hash<Address, Server::ConnectionPool> ] pools The connection pools.
-    # @param [ PeriodicExecutor ] periodic_executor The periodic executor.
-    # @param [ SessionPool ] session_pool The session pool.
-    #
-    # @return [ Proc ] The Finalizer.
-    #
-    # @since 2.2.0
-    def self.finalize(pools, periodic_executor, session_pool)
-      proc do
-        session_pool.end_sessions
-        periodic_executor.stop!
-        pools.values.each do |pool|
-          pool.disconnect!
-        end
+      if options[:cleanup] != false
+        @cursor_reaper = CursorReaper.new(self)
+        @socket_reaper = SocketReaper.new(self)
+        @periodic_executor = PeriodicExecutor.new([
+          @cursor_reaper, @socket_reaper,
+        ], options)
+
+        @periodic_executor.run!
       end
-    end
 
-    # Get the nicer formatted string for use in inspection.
-    #
-    # @example Inspect the cluster.
-    #   cluster.inspect
-    #
-    # @return [ String ] The cluster inspection.
-    #
-    # @since 2.0.0
-    def inspect
-      "#<Mongo::Cluster:0x#{object_id} servers=#{servers} topology=#{topology.display_name}>"
+      unless load_balanced?
+        # Need to record start time prior to starting monitoring
+        start_monotime = Utils.monotonic_time
+
+        servers.each do |server|
+          server.start_monitoring
+        end
+
+        if options[:scan] != false
+          server_selection_timeout = options[:server_selection_timeout] || ServerSelector::SERVER_SELECTION_TIMEOUT
+          # The server selection timeout can be very short especially in
+          # tests, when the client waits for a synchronous scan before
+          # starting server selection. Limiting the scan to server selection time
+          # then aborts the scan before it can process even local servers.
+          # Therefore, allow at least 3 seconds for the scan here.
+          if server_selection_timeout < 3
+            server_selection_timeout = 3
+          end
+          deadline = start_monotime + server_selection_timeout
+          # Wait for the first scan of each server to complete, for
+          # backwards compatibility.
+          # If any servers are discovered during this SDAM round we are going to
+          # wait for these servers to also be queried, and so on, up to the
+          # server selection timeout or the 3 second minimum.
+          loop do
+            # Ensure we do not try to read the servers list while SDAM is running
+            servers = @sdam_flow_lock.synchronize do
+              servers_list.dup
+            end
+            if servers.all? { |server| server.last_scan_monotime && server.last_scan_monotime >= start_monotime }
+              break
+            end
+            if (time_remaining = deadline - Utils.monotonic_time) <= 0
+              break
+            end
+            log_debug("Waiting for up to #{'%.2f' % time_remaining} seconds for servers to be scanned: #{summary}")
+            # Since the semaphore may have been signaled between us checking
+            # the servers list above and the wait call below, we should not
+            # wait for the full remaining time - wait for up to 1 second, then
+            # recheck the state.
+            begin
+              server_selection_semaphore.wait([time_remaining, 1].min)
+            rescue ::Timeout::Error
+              # nothing
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        start_stop_srv_monitor
+      end
     end
 
-    # Get the next primary server we can send an operation to.
+    # Create a cluster for the provided client, for use when we don't want the
+    # client's original cluster instance to be the same.
     #
-    # @example Get the next primary server.
-    #   cluster.next_primary
+    # @api private
     #
-    # @param [ true, false ] ping Whether to ping the server before selection. Deprecated,
-    #   not necessary with the implementation of the Server Selection specification.
+    # @example Create a cluster for the client.
+    #   Cluster.create(client)
     #
+    # @param [ Client ] client The client to create on.
     #
-    # @return [ Mongo::Server ] A primary server.
+    # @return [ Cluster ] The cluster.
     #
     # @since 2.0.0
-    def next_primary(ping = true)
-      @primary_selector ||= ServerSelector.get(ServerSelector::PRIMARY)
-      @primary_selector.select_server(self)
+    def self.create(client)
+      cluster = Cluster.new(
+        client.cluster.addresses.map(&:to_s),
+        Monitoring.new,
+        client.cluster_options,
+      )
+      client.instance_variable_set(:@cluster, cluster)
     end
 
-    # Elect a primary server from the description that has just changed to a
-    # primary.
+    # @return [ Hash ] The options hash.
+    attr_reader :options
+
+    # @return [ Monitoring ] monitoring The monitoring.
+    attr_reader :monitoring
+
+    # @return [ Object ] The cluster topology.
+    attr_reader :topology
+
+    # @return [ Mongo::Server::AppMetadata ] The application metadata, used for
+    #   connection handshakes.
     #
-    # @example Elect a primary server.
-    #   cluster.elect_primary!(description)
+    # @since 2.4.0
+    attr_reader :app_metadata
+
+    # @api private
+    attr_reader :monitor_app_metadata
+
+    # @api private
+    attr_reader :push_monitor_app_metadata
+
+    # @return [ Array<String> ] The addresses of seed servers. Contains
+    #   addresses that were given to Cluster when it was instantiated, not
+    #   current addresses that the cluster is using as a result of SDAM.
     #
-    # @param [ Server::Description ] description The newly elected primary.
+    # @since 2.7.0
+    # @api private
+    attr_reader :seeds
+
+    # @private
     #
-    # @return [ Topology ] The cluster topology.
+    # @since 2.5.1
+    attr_reader :session_pool
+
+    def_delegators :topology, :replica_set?, :replica_set_name, :sharded?,
+                   :single?, :unknown?
+
+    # Returns whether the cluster is configured to be in the load-balanced
+    # topology.
     #
-    # @since 2.0.0
-    def elect_primary!(description)
-      @topology = topology.elect_primary(description, servers_list)
+    # @return [ true | false ] Whether the topology is load-balanced.
+    def load_balanced?
+      topology.is_a?(Topology::LoadBalanced)
+    end
+
+    [:register_cursor, :schedule_kill_cursor, :unregister_cursor].each do |m|
+      define_method(m) do |*args|
+        if options[:cleanup] != false
+          @cursor_reaper.send(m, *args)
+        end
+      end
     end
 
-    # Get the maximum number of times the cluster can retry a read operation on
-    # a mongos.
+    # @api private
+    attr_reader :srv_monitor
+
+    # Get the maximum number of times the client can retry a read operation
+    # when using legacy read retries.
+    #
+    # @note max_read_retries should be retrieved from the Client instance,
+    #   not from a Cluster instance, because clusters may be shared between
+    #   clients with different values for max read retries.
     #
     # @example Get the max read retries.
     #   cluster.max_read_retries
     #
-    # @return [ Integer ] The maximum retries.
+    # @return [ Integer ] The maximum number of retries.
     #
     # @since 2.1.1
+    # @deprecated
     def max_read_retries
       options[:max_read_retries] || MAX_READ_RETRIES
     end
 
-    # Get the scoped connection pool for the server.
+    # Get the interval, in seconds, in which read retries when using legacy
+    # read retries.
     #
-    # @example Get the connection pool.
-    #   cluster.pool(server)
-    #
-    # @param [ Server ] server The server.
-    #
-    # @return [ Server::ConnectionPool ] The connection pool.
-    #
-    # @since 2.2.0
-    def pool(server)
-      @pool_lock.synchronize do
-        pools[server.address] ||= Server::ConnectionPool.get(server)
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Get the interval, in seconds, in which a mongos read operation is
-    # retried.
+    # @note read_retry_interval should be retrieved from the Client instance,
+    #   not from a Cluster instance, because clusters may be shared between
+    #   clients with different values for the read retry interval.
     #
     # @example Get the read retry interval.
     #   cluster.read_retry_interval
@@ -316,57 +386,43 @@ module Mongo
     # @return [ Float ] The interval.
     #
     # @since 2.1.1
+    # @deprecated
     def read_retry_interval
       options[:read_retry_interval] || READ_RETRY_INTERVAL
     end
 
-    # Notify the cluster that a standalone server was discovered so that the
-    # topology can be updated accordingly.
-    #
-    # @example Notify the cluster that a standalone server was discovered.
-    #   cluster.standalone_discovered
+    # Get the refresh interval for the server. This will be defined via an
+    # option or will default to 10.
     #
-    # @return [ Topology ] The cluster topology.
+    # @return [ Float ] The heartbeat interval, in seconds.
     #
-    # @since 2.0.6
-    def standalone_discovered
-      @topology = topology.standalone_discovered
+    # @since 2.10.0
+    # @api private
+    def heartbeat_interval
+      options[:heartbeat_frequency] || Server::Monitor::DEFAULT_HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL
     end
 
-    # Remove the server from the cluster for the provided address, if it
-    # exists.
+    # Whether the cluster object is in the process of connecting to its cluster.
     #
-    # @example Remove the server from the cluster.
-    #   server.remove('127.0.0.1:27017')
+    # @return [ true|false ] Whether the cluster is connecting.
     #
-    # @param [ String ] host The host/port or socket address.
-    #
-    # @since 2.0.0
-    def remove(host)
-      address = Address.new(host)
-      removed_servers = @servers.select { |s| s.address == address }
-      @update_lock.synchronize { @servers = @servers - removed_servers }
-      removed_servers.each{ |server| server.disconnect! } if removed_servers
-      publish_sdam_event(
-        Monitoring::SERVER_CLOSED,
-        Monitoring::Event::ServerClosed.new(address, topology)
-      )
-      @update_lock.synchronize { @addresses.reject! { |addr| addr == address } }
+    # @api private
+    def connecting?
+      @update_lock.synchronize do
+        !!@connecting
+      end
     end
 
-    # Force a scan of all known servers in the cluster.
-    #
-    # @example Force a full cluster scan.
-    #   cluster.scan!
+    # Whether the cluster object is connected to its cluster.
     #
-    # @note This operation is done synchronously. If servers in the cluster are
-    #   down or slow to respond this can potentially be a slow operation.
+    # @return [ true|false ] Whether the cluster is connected.
     #
-    # @return [ true ] Always true.
-    #
-    # @since 2.0.0
-    def scan!
-      servers_list.each{ |server| server.scan! } and true
+    # @api private
+    # @since 2.7.0
+    def connected?
+      @update_lock.synchronize do
+        !!@connected
+      end
     end
 
     # Get a list of server candidates from the cluster that can have operations
@@ -379,20 +435,101 @@ module Mongo
     #
     # @since 2.0.0
     def servers
-      topology.servers(servers_list.compact).compact
+      topology.servers(servers_list)
     end
 
-    # Disconnect all servers.
+    # The addresses in the cluster.
     #
-    # @example Disconnect the cluster's servers.
-    #   cluster.disconnect!
+    # @example Get the addresses in the cluster.
+    #   cluster.addresses
+    #
+    # @return [ Array<Mongo::Address> ] The addresses.
+    #
+    # @since 2.0.6
+    def addresses
+      servers_list.map(&:address)
+    end
+
+    # The logical session timeout value in minutes.
+    #
+    # @example Get the logical session timeout in minutes.
+    #   cluster.logical_session_timeout
+    #
+    # @return [ Integer, nil ] The logical session timeout.
+    #
+    # @since 2.5.0
+    def_delegators :topology, :logical_session_timeout
+
+    # Get the nicer formatted string for use in inspection.
+    #
+    # @example Inspect the cluster.
+    #   cluster.inspect
+    #
+    # @return [ String ] The cluster inspection.
+    #
+    # @since 2.0.0
+    def inspect
+      "#<Mongo::Cluster:0x#{object_id} servers=#{servers} topology=#{topology.summary}>"
+    end
+
+    # @note This method is experimental and subject to change.
+    #
+    # @api experimental
+    # @since 2.7.0
+    def summary
+      "#<Cluster " +
+      "topology=#{topology.summary} "+
+      "servers=[#{servers_list.map(&:summary).join(',')}]>"
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    attr_reader :server_selection_semaphore
+
+    # Closes the cluster.
+    #
+    # @note Applications should call Client#close to disconnect from
+    # the cluster rather than calling this method. This method is for
+    # internal driver use only.
+    #
+    # Disconnects all servers in the cluster, publishing appropriate SDAM
+    # events in the process. Stops SRV monitoring if it is active.
+    # Marks the cluster disconnected.
     #
     # @return [ true ] Always true.
     #
     # @since 2.1.0
     def disconnect!
-      @periodic_executor.stop!
-      @servers.each { |server| server.disconnect! } and true
+      @state_change_lock.synchronize do
+        unless connecting? || connected?
+          return true
+        end
+        if options[:cleanup] != false
+          session_pool.end_sessions
+          @periodic_executor.stop!
+        end
+        @srv_monitor_lock.synchronize do
+          if @srv_monitor
+            @srv_monitor.stop!
+          end
+        end
+        @servers.each do |server|
+          if server.connected?
+            server.disconnect!
+            publish_sdam_event(
+              Monitoring::SERVER_CLOSED,
+              Monitoring::Event::ServerClosed.new(server.address, topology)
+            )
+          end
+        end
+        publish_sdam_event(
+          Monitoring::TOPOLOGY_CLOSED,
+          Monitoring::Event::TopologyClosed.new(topology)
+        )
+        @update_lock.synchronize do
+          @connecting = @connected = false
+        end
+      end
+      true
     end
 
     # Reconnect all servers.
@@ -403,89 +540,249 @@ module Mongo
     # @return [ true ] Always true.
     #
     # @since 2.1.0
+    # @deprecated Use Client#reconnect to reconnect to the cluster instead of
+    #   calling this method. This method does not send SDAM events.
     def reconnect!
-      scan!
-      servers.each { |server| server.reconnect! }
-      @periodic_executor.restart! and true
+      @state_change_lock.synchronize do
+        @update_lock.synchronize do
+          @connecting = true
+        end
+        scan!
+        servers.each do |server|
+          server.reconnect!
+        end
+        @periodic_executor.restart!
+        @srv_monitor_lock.synchronize do
+          if @srv_monitor
+            @srv_monitor.run!
+          end
+        end
+        @update_lock.synchronize do
+          @connecting = false
+          @connected = true
+        end
+      end
     end
 
-    # Add hosts in a description to the cluster.
+    # Force a scan of all known servers in the cluster.
     #
-    # @example Add hosts in a description to the cluster.
-    #   cluster.add_hosts(description)
+    # If the sync parameter is true which is the default, the scan is
+    # performed synchronously in the thread which called this method.
+    # Each server in the cluster is checked sequentially. If there are
+    # many servers in the cluster or they are slow to respond, this
+    # can be a long running operation.
     #
-    # @param [ Mongo::Server::Description ] description The description.
+    # If the sync parameter is false, this method instructs all server
+    # monitor threads to perform an immediate scan and returns without
+    # waiting for scan results.
     #
-    # @since 2.0.6
-    def add_hosts(description)
-      if topology.add_hosts?(description, servers_list)
-        description.servers.each { |s| add(s) }
+    # @note In both synchronous and asynchronous scans, each monitor
+    #   thread maintains a minimum interval between scans, meaning
+    #   calling this method may not initiate a scan on a particular server
+    #   the very next instant.
+    #
+    # @example Force a full cluster scan.
+    #   cluster.scan!
+    #
+    # @return [ true ] Always true.
+    #
+    # @since 2.0.0
+    def scan!(sync=true)
+      if sync
+        servers_list.each do |server|
+          if server.monitor
+            server.monitor.scan!
+          else
+            log_warn("Synchronous scan requested on cluster #{summary} but server #{server} has no monitor")
+          end
+        end
+      else
+        servers_list.each do |server|
+          server.scan_semaphore.signal
+        end
       end
+      true
     end
 
-    # Remove hosts in a description from the cluster.
-    #
-    # @example Remove hosts in a description from the cluster.
-    #   cluster.remove_hosts(description)
-    #
-    # @param [ Mongo::Server::Description ] description The description.
+    # Runs SDAM flow on the cluster.
+    #
+    # This method can be invoked to process a new server description returned
+    # by the server on a monitoring or non-monitoring connection, and also
+    # by the driver when it marks a server unknown as a result of a (network)
+    # error.
+    #
+    # @param [ Server::Description ] previous_desc Previous server description.
+    # @param [ Server::Description ] updated_desc The changed description.
+    # @param [ Hash ] options Options.
+    #
+    # @option options [ true | false ] :keep_connection_pool Usually when the
+    #   new server description is unknown, the connection pool on the
+    #   respective server is cleared. Set this option to true to keep the
+    #   existing connection pool (required when handling not master errors
+    #   on 4.2+ servers).
+    # @option aptions [ true | false ] :awaited Whether the updated description
+    #   was a result of processing an awaited hello.
+    # @option options [ Object ] :service_id Change state for the specified
+    #   service id only.
     #
-    # @since 2.0.6
-    def remove_hosts(description)
-      if topology.remove_hosts?(description)
-        servers_list.each do |s|
-          remove(s.address.to_s) if topology.remove_server?(description, s)
+    # @api private
+    def run_sdam_flow(previous_desc, updated_desc, options = {})
+      if load_balanced?
+        if updated_desc.config.empty?
+          unless options[:keep_connection_pool]
+            servers_list.each do |server|
+              # TODO should service id be taken out of updated_desc?
+              # We could also assert that
+              # options[:service_id] == updated_desc.service_id
+              server.clear_connection_pool(service_id: options[:service_id])
+            end
+          end
         end
+        return
+      end
+
+      @sdam_flow_lock.synchronize do
+        flow = SdamFlow.new(self, previous_desc, updated_desc,
+          awaited: options[:awaited])
+        flow.server_description_changed
+
+        # SDAM flow may alter the updated description - grab the final
+        # version for the purposes of broadcasting if a server is available
+        updated_desc = flow.updated_desc
+
+        unless options[:keep_connection_pool]
+          if flow.became_unknown?
+            servers_list.each do |server|
+              if server.address == updated_desc.address
+                server.clear_connection_pool
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        start_stop_srv_monitor
+      end
+
+      # Some updated descriptions, e.g. a mismatched me one, result in the
+      # server whose description we are processing being removed from
+      # the topology. When this happens, the server's monitoring thread gets
+      # killed. As a result, any code after the flow invocation may not run
+      # a particular monitor instance, hence there should generally not be
+      # any code in this method past the flow invocation.
+      #
+      # However, this broadcast call can be here because if the monitoring
+      # thread got killed the server should have been closed and no client
+      # should be currently waiting for it, thus not signaling the semaphore
+      # shouldn't cause any problems.
+      unless updated_desc.unknown?
+        server_selection_semaphore.broadcast
       end
     end
 
-    # Create a cluster for the provided client, for use when we don't want the
-    # client's original cluster instance to be the same.
+    # Sets the list of servers to the addresses in the provided list of address
+    # strings.
+    #
+    # This method is called by the SRV monitor after receiving new DNS records
+    # for the monitored hostname.
+    #
+    # Removes servers in the cluster whose addresses are not in the passed
+    # list of server addresses, and adds servers for any addresses in the
+    # argument which are not already in the cluster.
+    #
+    # @param [ Array<String> ] server_address_strs List of server addresses
+    #    to sync the cluster servers to.
     #
     # @api private
+    def set_server_list(server_address_strs)
+      @sdam_flow_lock.synchronize do
+        server_address_strs.each do |address_str|
+          unless servers_list.any? { |server| server.address.seed == address_str }
+            add(address_str)
+          end
+        end
+
+        servers_list.each do |server|
+          unless server_address_strs.any? { |address_str| server.address.seed == address_str }
+            remove(server.address.seed)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Determine if this cluster of servers is equal to another object. Checks the
+    # servers currently in the cluster, not what was configured.
     #
-    # @example Create a cluster for the client.
-    #   Cluster.create(client)
+    # @example Is the cluster equal to the object?
+    #   cluster == other
     #
-    # @param [ Client ] client The client to create on.
+    # @param [ Object ] other The object to compare to.
     #
-    # @return [ Cluster ] The cluster.
+    # @return [ true, false ] If the objects are equal.
     #
     # @since 2.0.0
-    def self.create(client)
-      cluster = Cluster.new(
-        client.cluster.addresses.map(&:to_s),
-        Monitoring.new,
-        client.options
-      )
-      client.instance_variable_set(:@cluster, cluster)
+    def ==(other)
+      return false unless other.is_a?(Cluster)
+      addresses == other.addresses && options == other.options
     end
 
-    # The addresses in the cluster.
+    # Determine if the cluster would select a readable server for the
+    # provided read preference.
     #
-    # @example Get the addresses in the cluster.
-    #   cluster.addresses
+    # @example Is a readable server present?
+    #   topology.has_readable_server?(server_selector)
     #
-    # @return [ Array<Mongo::Address> ] The addresses.
+    # @param [ ServerSelector ] server_selector The server
+    #   selector.
     #
-    # @since 2.0.6
-    def addresses
-      addresses_list
+    # @return [ true, false ] If a readable server is present.
+    #
+    # @since 2.4.0
+    def has_readable_server?(server_selector = nil)
+      topology.has_readable_server?(self, server_selector)
     end
 
-    # The logical session timeout value in minutes.
+    # Determine if the cluster would select a writable server.
     #
-    # @example Get the logical session timeout in minutes.
-    #   cluster.logical_session_timeout
+    # @example Is a writable server present?
+    #   topology.has_writable_server?
     #
-    # @return [ Integer, nil ] The logical session timeout.
+    # @return [ true, false ] If a writable server is present.
     #
-    # @since 2.5.0
-    def logical_session_timeout
-      servers.inject(nil) do |min, server|
-        break unless timeout = server.logical_session_timeout
-        [timeout, (min || timeout)].min
-      end
+    # @since 2.4.0
+    def has_writable_server?
+      topology.has_writable_server?(self)
+    end
+
+    # Get the next primary server we can send an operation to.
+    #
+    # @example Get the next primary server.
+    #   cluster.next_primary
+    #
+    # @param [ true, false ] ping Whether to ping the server before selection.
+    #   Deprecated and ignored.
+    # @param [ Session | nil ] session Optional session to take into account
+    #   for mongos pinning.
+    #
+    # @return [ Mongo::Server ] A primary server.
+    #
+    # @since 2.0.0
+    def next_primary(ping = nil, session = nil)
+      ServerSelector.primary.select_server(self, nil, session)
+    end
+
+    # Get the connection pool for the server.
+    #
+    # @example Get the connection pool.
+    #   cluster.pool(server)
+    #
+    # @param [ Server ] server The server.
+    #
+    # @return [ Server::ConnectionPool ] The connection pool.
+    #
+    # @since 2.2.0
+    # @deprecated
+    def pool(server)
+      server.pool
     end
 
     # Update the max cluster time seen in a response.
@@ -501,57 +798,276 @@ module Mongo
     def update_cluster_time(result)
       if cluster_time_doc = result.cluster_time
         @cluster_time_lock.synchronize do
-          if @cluster_time.nil?
-            @cluster_time = cluster_time_doc
-          elsif cluster_time_doc[CLUSTER_TIME] > @cluster_time[CLUSTER_TIME]
-            @cluster_time = cluster_time_doc
+          advance_cluster_time(cluster_time_doc)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Add a server to the cluster with the provided address. Useful in
+    # auto-discovery of new servers when an existing server executes a hello
+    # and potentially non-configured servers were included.
+    #
+    # @example Add the server for the address to the cluster.
+    #   cluster.add('127.0.0.1:27018')
+    #
+    # @param [ String ] host The address of the server to add.
+    #
+    # @option options [ Boolean ] :monitor For internal driver use only:
+    #   whether to monitor the newly added server.
+    #
+    # @return [ Server ] The newly added server, if not present already.
+    #
+    # @since 2.0.0
+    def add(host, add_options=nil)
+      address = Address.new(host, options)
+      if !addresses.include?(address)
+        opts = options.merge(monitor: false)
+        # Note that in a load-balanced topology, every server must be a
+        # load balancer (load_balancer: true is specified in the options)
+        # but this option isn't set here because we are required by the
+        # specifications to pretent the server started out as an unknown one
+        # and publish server description change event into the load balancer
+        # one. The actual correct description for this server will be set
+        # by the fabricate_lb_sdam_events_and_set_server_type method.
+        server = Server.new(address, self, @monitoring, event_listeners, opts)
+        @update_lock.synchronize do
+          # Need to recheck whether server is present in @servers, because
+          # the previous check was not under a lock.
+          # Since we are under the update lock here, we cannot call servers_list.
+          return if @servers.map(&:address).include?(address)
+
+          @servers.push(server)
+        end
+        if add_options.nil? || add_options[:monitor] != false
+          server.start_monitoring
+        end
+        server
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Remove the server from the cluster for the provided address, if it
+    # exists.
+    #
+    # @example Remove the server from the cluster.
+    #   server.remove('127.0.0.1:27017')
+    #
+    # @param [ String ] host The host/port or socket address.
+    # @param [ true | false ] disconnect Whether to disconnect the servers
+    #   being removed. For internal driver use only.
+    #
+    # @return [ Array<Server> | true | false ] If disconnect is any value other
+    #   than false, including nil, returns whether any servers were removed.
+    #   If disconnect is false, returns an array of servers that were removed
+    #   (and should be disconnected by the caller).
+    #
+    # @note The return value of this method is not part of the driver's
+    #   public API.
+    #
+    # @since 2.0.0
+    def remove(host, disconnect: true)
+      address = Address.new(host)
+      removed_servers = []
+      @update_lock.synchronize do
+        @servers.delete_if do |server|
+          (server.address == address).tap do |delete|
+            if delete
+              removed_servers << server
+            end
           end
         end
       end
+      if disconnect != false
+        removed_servers.each do |server|
+          disconnect_server_if_connected(server)
+        end
+      end
+      if disconnect != false
+        removed_servers.any?
+      else
+        removed_servers
+      end
     end
 
-    private
+    # @api private
+    def update_topology(new_topology)
+      old_topology = nil
+      @update_lock.synchronize do
+        old_topology = topology
+        @topology = new_topology
+      end
 
-    def get_session(client, options = {})
-      return options[:session].validate!(self) if options[:session]
-      if sessions_supported?
-        Session.new(@session_pool.checkout, client, { implicit: true }.merge(options))
+      # If new topology has data bearing servers, we know for sure whether
+      # sessions are supported - update our cached value.
+      # If new topology has no data bearing servers, leave the old value
+      # as it is and sessions_supported? method will perform server selection
+      # to try to determine session support accurately, falling back to the
+      # last known value.
+      if topology.data_bearing_servers?
+        sessions_supported = !!topology.logical_session_timeout
+        @update_lock.synchronize do
+          @sessions_supported = sessions_supported
+        end
       end
+
+      publish_sdam_event(
+        Monitoring::TOPOLOGY_CHANGED,
+        Monitoring::Event::TopologyChanged.new(old_topology, topology)
+      )
     end
 
-    def with_session(client, options = {})
-      session = get_session(client, options)
-      yield(session)
-    ensure
-      session.end_session if (session && session.implicit?)
+    # @api private
+    def servers_list
+      @update_lock.synchronize do
+        @servers.dup
+      end
     end
 
-    def sessions_supported?
-      if servers.empty? && !topology.single?
-        ServerSelector.get(mode: :primary_preferred).select_server(self)
+    # @api private
+    def disconnect_server_if_connected(server)
+      if server.connected?
+        server.disconnect!
+        publish_sdam_event(
+          Monitoring::SERVER_CLOSED,
+          Monitoring::Event::ServerClosed.new(server.address, topology)
+        )
       end
-      !!logical_session_timeout
-    rescue Error::NoServerAvailable
     end
 
-    def direct_connection?(address)
-      address.seed == @topology.seed
+    # Raises Error::SessionsNotAvailable if the deployment that the driver
+    # is connected to does not support sessions.
+    #
+    # Session support may change over time, for example due to servers in the
+    # deployment being upgraded or downgraded. If the client is currently not
+    # connected to any data bearing servers, this method considers the state
+    # of session support as of when the client was last connected to at
+    # least one server. If the client has never connected to any servers,
+    # the deployment is considered to not support sessions.
+    #
+    # @api private
+    def validate_session_support!
+      if topology.is_a?(Topology::LoadBalanced)
+        return
+      end
+
+      @state_change_lock.synchronize do
+        @sdam_flow_lock.synchronize do
+          if topology.data_bearing_servers?
+            unless topology.logical_session_timeout
+              raise_sessions_not_supported
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # No data bearing servers known - perform server selection to try to
+      # get a response from at least one of them, to return an accurate
+      # assessment of whether sessions are currently supported.
+      begin
+        ServerSelector.get(mode: :primary_preferred).select_server(self)
+        @state_change_lock.synchronize do
+          @sdam_flow_lock.synchronize do
+            unless topology.logical_session_timeout
+              raise_sessions_not_supported
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      rescue Error::NoServerAvailable
+        # We haven't been able to contact any servers - use last known
+        # value for session support.
+        @state_change_lock.synchronize do
+          @sdam_flow_lock.synchronize do
+            @update_lock.synchronize do
+              unless @sessions_supported
+                raise_sessions_not_supported
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
     end
 
-    def addition_allowed?(address)
-      !@topology.single? || direct_connection?(address)
+    private
+
+    # @api private
+    def start_stop_srv_monitor
+      # SRV URI is either always given or not for a given cluster, if one
+      # wasn't given we shouldn't ever have an SRV monitor to manage.
+      return unless options[:srv_uri]
+
+      if topology.is_a?(Topology::Sharded) || topology.is_a?(Topology::Unknown)
+        # Start SRV monitor
+        @srv_monitor_lock.synchronize do
+          unless @srv_monitor
+            monitor_options = Utils.shallow_symbolize_keys(options.merge(
+              timeout: options[:connect_timeout] || Server::CONNECT_TIMEOUT))
+            @srv_monitor = _srv_monitor = Srv::Monitor.new(self, **monitor_options)
+          end
+          @srv_monitor.run!
+        end
+      else
+        # Stop SRV monitor if running. This path is taken when the client
+        # is given an SRV URI to a standalone/replica set; when the topology
+        # is discovered, since it's not a sharded cluster, the SRV monitor
+        # needs to be stopped.
+        @srv_monitor_lock.synchronize do
+          if @srv_monitor
+            @srv_monitor.stop!
+          end
+        end
+      end
     end
 
-    def pools
-      @pools ||= {}
+    def raise_sessions_not_supported
+      # Intentionally using @servers instead of +servers+ here because we
+      # are supposed to be already holding the @update_lock and we cannot
+      # recursively acquire it again.
+      offending_servers = @servers.select do |server|
+        server.description.data_bearing? && server.logical_session_timeout.nil?
+      end
+      reason = if offending_servers.empty?
+        "There are no known data bearing servers (current seeds: #{@servers.map(&:address).map(&:seed).join(', ')})"
+      else
+        "The following servers have null logical session timeout: #{offending_servers.map(&:address).map(&:seed).join(', ')}"
+      end
+      msg = "The deployment that the driver is connected to does not support sessions: #{reason}"
+      raise Error::SessionsNotSupported, msg
     end
 
-    def servers_list
-      @update_lock.synchronize { @servers.dup }
+    def fabricate_lb_sdam_events_and_set_server_type
+      # Although there is no monitoring connection in load balanced mode,
+      # we must emit the following series of SDAM events.
+      server = @servers.first
+      # We are guaranteed to have the server here.
+      server.publish_opening_event
+      server_desc = server.description
+      # This is where a load balancer actually gets its correct server
+      # description.
+      server.update_description(
+        Server::Description.new(server.address, {},
+          load_balancer: true,
+          force_load_balancer: options[:connect] == :load_balanced,
+        )
+      )
+      publish_sdam_event(
+        Monitoring::SERVER_DESCRIPTION_CHANGED,
+        Monitoring::Event::ServerDescriptionChanged.new(
+          server.address,
+          topology,
+          server_desc,
+          server.description
+        )
+      )
+      recreate_topology(topology, topology)
     end
 
-    def addresses_list
-      @update_lock.synchronize { @addresses.dup }
+    def recreate_topology(new_topology_template, previous_topology)
+      @topology = topology.class.new(new_topology_template.options, new_topology_template.monitoring, self)
+      publish_sdam_event(
+        Monitoring::TOPOLOGY_CHANGED,
+        Monitoring::Event::TopologyChanged.new(previous_topology, @topology)
+      )
     end
   end
 end
+
+require 'mongo/cluster/sdam_flow'