minigl 2.2.3 → 2.2.4

data/lib/minigl/global.rb

@@ -1,729 +1,729 @@
-require 'gosu'
-
-# The main module of the library, used only as a namespace.
-module MiniGL
-  # This class represents a point or vector in a bidimensional space.
-  class Vector
-    # The x coordinate of the vector
-    attr_accessor :x
-
-    # The y coordinate of the vector
-    attr_accessor :y
-
-    # Creates a new bidimensional vector.
-    #
-    # Parameters:
-    # [x] The x coordinate of the vector
-    # [y] The y coordinate of the vector
-    def initialize(x = 0, y = 0)
-      @x = x
-      @y = y
-    end
-
-    # Returns +true+ if both coordinates of this vector are equal to the
-    # corresponding coordinates of +other_vector+, with +precision+ decimal
-    # places of precision.
-    def ==(other_vector, precision = 6)
-      @x.round(precision) == other_vector.x.round(precision) and
-          @y.round(precision) == other_vector.y.round(precision)
-    end
-
-    # Returns +true+ if at least one coordinate of this vector is different from
-    # the corresponding coordinate of +other_vector+, with +precision+ decimal
-    # places of precision.
-    def !=(other_vector, precision = 6)
-      @x.round(precision) != other_vector.x.round(precision) or
-          @y.round(precision) != other_vector.y.round(precision)
-    end
-
-    # Sums this vector with +other_vector+, i.e., sums each coordinate of this
-    # vector with the corresponding coordinate of +other_vector+.
-    def +(other_vector)
-      Vector.new @x + other_vector.x, @y + other_vector.y
-    end
-
-    # Subtracts +other_vector+ from this vector, i.e., subtracts from each
-    # coordinate of this vector the corresponding coordinate of +other_vector+.
-    def -(other_vector)
-      Vector.new @x - other_vector.x, @y - other_vector.y
-    end
-
-    # Multiplies this vector by a scalar, i.e., each coordinate is multiplied by
-    # the given number.
-    def *(scalar)
-      Vector.new @x * scalar, @y * scalar
-    end
-
-    # Divides this vector by a scalar, i.e., each coordinate is divided by the
-    # given number.
-    def /(scalar)
-      Vector.new @x / scalar.to_f, @y / scalar.to_f
-    end
-
-    # Returns the euclidean distance between this vector and +other_vector+.
-    def distance(other_vector)
-      dx = @x - other_vector.x
-      dy = @y - other_vector.y
-      Math.sqrt(dx ** 2 + dy ** 2)
-    end
-
-    # Returns a vector corresponding to the rotation of this vector around the
-    # origin (0, 0) by +radians+ radians.
-    def rotate(radians)
-      sin = Math.sin radians
-      cos = Math.cos radians
-      Vector.new cos * @x - sin * @y, sin * @x + cos * @y
-    end
-
-    # Rotates this vector by +radians+ radians around the origin (0, 0).
-    def rotate!(radians)
-      sin = Math.sin radians
-      cos = Math.cos radians
-      prev_x = @x
-      @x = cos * @x - sin * @y
-      @y = sin * prev_x + cos * @y
-    end
-  end
-
-  # This class represents a rectangle by its x and y coordinates and width and
-  # height.
-  class Rectangle
-    # The x-coordinate of the rectangle.
-    attr_accessor :x
-
-    # The y-coordinate of the rectangle.
-    attr_accessor :y
-
-    # The width of the rectangle.
-    attr_accessor :w
-
-    # The height of the rectangle.
-    attr_accessor :h
-
-    # Creates a new rectangle.
-    #
-    # Parameters:
-    # [x] The x-coordinate of the rectangle.
-    # [y] The y-coordinate of the rectangle.
-    # [w] The width of the rectangle.
-    # [h] The height of the rectangle.
-    def initialize(x, y, w, h)
-      @x = x; @y = y; @w = w; @h = h
-    end
-
-    # Returns whether this rectangle intersects another.
-    #
-    # Parameters:
-    # [r] The rectangle to check intersection with.
-    def intersect?(r)
-      @x < r.x + r.w && @x + @w > r.x && @y < r.y + r.h && @y + @h > r.y
-    end
-  end
-
-  # This module contains references to global objects/constants used by MiniGL.
-  module G
-    class << self
-      # A reference to the game window.
-      attr_accessor :window
-
-      # Gets or sets the value of gravity. See
-      # <code>GameWindow#initialize</code> for details.
-      attr_accessor :gravity
-
-      # Gets or sets the value of min_speed. See
-      # <code>GameWindow#initialize</code> for details.
-      attr_accessor :min_speed
-
-      # Gets or sets the value of ramp_contact_threshold. See
-      # <code>GameWindow#initialize</code> for details.
-      attr_accessor :ramp_contact_threshold
-
-      # Gets or sets the value of ramp_slip_threshold. See
-      # <code>GameWindow#initialize</code> for details.
-      attr_accessor :ramp_slip_threshold
-
-      # Gets or sets the value of ramp_slip_force. See
-      # <code>GameWindow#initialize</code> for details.
-      attr_accessor :ramp_slip_force
-
-      # Gets or sets the value of kb_held_delay. See
-      # <code>GameWindow#initialize</code> for details.
-      attr_accessor :kb_held_delay
-
-      # Gets or sets the value of kb_held_interval. See
-      # <code>GameWindow#initialize</code> for details.
-      attr_accessor :kb_held_interval
-
-      # Gets or sets the value of double_click_delay. See
-      # <code>GameWindow#initialize</code> for details.
-      attr_accessor :double_click_delay
-    end
-  end
-
-  # The main class for a MiniGL game, holds references to globally accessible
-  # objects and constants.
-  class GameWindow < Gosu::Window
-    # Creates a game window (initializing a game with all MiniGL features
-    # enabled).
-    #
-    # Parameters:
-    # [scr_w] Width of the window, in pixels.
-    # [scr_h] Height of the window, in pixels.
-    # [fullscreen] Whether the window must be initialized in full screen mode.
-    # [gravity] A Vector object representing the horizontal and vertical
-    #           components of the force of gravity. Essentially, this force
-    #           will be applied to every object which calls +move+, from the
-    #           Movement module.
-    # [min_speed] A Vector with the minimum speed for moving objects, i.e., the
-    #             value below which the speed will be rounded to zero.
-    # [ramp_contact_threshold] The maximum horizontal movement an object can
-    #                          perform in a single frame and keep contact with a
-    #                          ramp when it's above one.
-    # [ramp_slip_threshold] The maximum ratio between height and width of a ramp
-    #                       above which the objects will always slip down when
-    #                       trying to 'climb' that ramp.
-    # [ramp_slip_force] The force that will be applied in the horizontal
-    #                   direction when the object is slipping from a steep ramp.
-    # [kb_held_delay] The number of frames a key must be held by the user
-    #                 before the "held" event (that can be checked with
-    #                 <code>KB.key_held?</code>) starts to trigger.
-    # [kb_held_interval] The interval, in frames, between each triggering of
-    #                    the "held" event, after the key has been held for
-    #                    more than +kb_held_delay+ frames.
-    # [double_click_delay] The maximum interval, in frames, between two
-    #                      clicks, to trigger the "double click" event
-    #                      (checked with <code>Mouse.double_click?</code>).
-    #
-    # *Obs.:* This method accepts named parameters, but +scr_w+ and +scr_h+ are
-    # mandatory.
-    def initialize(scr_w, scr_h = nil, fullscreen = true,
-                   gravity = Vector.new(0, 1), min_speed = Vector.new(0.01, 0.01),
-                   ramp_contact_threshold = 4, ramp_slip_threshold = 1, ramp_slip_force = 1,
-                   kb_held_delay = 40, kb_held_interval = 5, double_click_delay = 8)
-      if scr_w.is_a? Hash
-        scr_h = scr_w[:scr_h]
-        fullscreen = scr_w.fetch(:fullscreen, true)
-        gravity = scr_w.fetch(:gravity, Vector.new(0, 1))
-        min_speed = scr_w.fetch(:min_speed, Vector.new(0.01, 0.01))
-        ramp_contact_threshold = scr_w.fetch(:ramp_contact_threshold, 4)
-        ramp_slip_threshold = scr_w.fetch(:ramp_slip_threshold, 1.1)
-        ramp_slip_force = scr_w.fetch(:ramp_slip_force, 0.1)
-        kb_held_delay = scr_w.fetch(:kb_held_delay, 40)
-        kb_held_interval = scr_w.fetch(:kb_held_interval, 5)
-        double_click_delay = scr_w.fetch(:double_click_delay, 8)
-        scr_w = scr_w[:scr_w]
-      end
-
-      super scr_w, scr_h, fullscreen
-      G.window = self
-      G.gravity = gravity
-      G.min_speed = min_speed
-      G.ramp_contact_threshold = ramp_contact_threshold
-      G.ramp_slip_threshold = ramp_slip_threshold
-      G.ramp_slip_force = ramp_slip_force
-      G.kb_held_delay = kb_held_delay
-      G.kb_held_interval = kb_held_interval
-      G.double_click_delay = double_click_delay
-      KB.initialize
-      Mouse.initialize
-      Res.initialize
-    end
-
-    # Draws a rectangle with the size of the entire screen, in the given color.
-    #
-    # Parameters:
-    # [color] Color of the rectangle to be drawn, in hexadecimal RRGGBB format.
-    def clear(color)
-      color |= 0xff000000
-      draw_quad 0, 0, color,
-                width, 0, color,
-                width, height, color,
-                0, height, color, 0
-    end
-
-    # Toggles the window between windowed and full screen mode.
-    def toggle_fullscreen
-      self.fullscreen = !fullscreen?
-    end
-  end
-
-  #class JSHelper
-
-  # Exposes methods for controlling keyboard events.
-  module KB
-    class << self
-      # This is called by <code>GameWindow.initialize</code>. Don't call it
-      # explicitly.
-      def initialize
-        @keys = [
-          Gosu::KB_A, Gosu::KB_B, Gosu::KB_C, Gosu::KB_D, Gosu::KB_E, Gosu::KB_F,
-          Gosu::KB_G, Gosu::KB_H, Gosu::KB_I, Gosu::KB_J, Gosu::KB_K, Gosu::KB_L,
-          Gosu::KB_M, Gosu::KB_N, Gosu::KB_O, Gosu::KB_P, Gosu::KB_Q, Gosu::KB_R,
-          Gosu::KB_S, Gosu::KB_T, Gosu::KB_U, Gosu::KB_V, Gosu::KB_W, Gosu::KB_X,
-          Gosu::KB_Y, Gosu::KB_Z, Gosu::KB_1, Gosu::KB_2, Gosu::KB_3, Gosu::KB_4,
-          Gosu::KB_5, Gosu::KB_6, Gosu::KB_7, Gosu::KB_8, Gosu::KB_9, Gosu::KB_0,
-          Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_1, Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_2, Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_3, Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_4,
-          Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_5, Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_6, Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_7, Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_8,
-          Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_9, Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_0, Gosu::KB_F1, Gosu::KB_F2,
-          Gosu::KB_F3, Gosu::KB_F4, Gosu::KB_F5, Gosu::KB_F6, Gosu::KB_F7,
-          Gosu::KB_F8, Gosu::KB_F9, Gosu::KB_F10, Gosu::KB_F11, Gosu::KB_F12,
-          Gosu::KB_APOSTROPHE, Gosu::KB_BACKSLASH, Gosu::KB_BACKSPACE,
-          Gosu::KB_BACKTICK, Gosu::KB_COMMA, Gosu::KB_DELETE, Gosu::KB_DOWN,
-          Gosu::KB_END, Gosu::KB_ENTER, Gosu::KB_EQUALS, Gosu::KB_ESCAPE,
-          Gosu::KB_HOME, Gosu::KB_INSERT, Gosu::KB_ISO, Gosu::KB_LEFT,
-          Gosu::KB_LEFT_ALT, Gosu::KB_LEFT_BRACKET, Gosu::KB_LEFT_CONTROL,
-          Gosu::KB_LEFT_META, Gosu::KB_LEFT_SHIFT, Gosu::KB_MINUS,
-          Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_DIVIDE, Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_MINUS,
-          Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_MULTIPLY, Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_PLUS, Gosu::KB_PAGE_DOWN,
-          Gosu::KB_PAGE_UP, Gosu::KB_PERIOD, Gosu::KB_RETURN, Gosu::KB_RIGHT,
-          Gosu::KB_RIGHT_ALT, Gosu::KB_RIGHT_BRACKET, Gosu::KB_RIGHT_CONTROL,
-          Gosu::KB_RIGHT_META, Gosu::KB_RIGHT_SHIFT, Gosu::KB_SEMICOLON,
-          Gosu::KB_SLASH, Gosu::KB_SPACE, Gosu::KB_TAB, Gosu::KB_UP
-        ]
-        @down = []
-        @prev_down = []
-        @held_timer = {}
-        @held_interval = {}
-      end
-
-      # Updates the state of all keys.
-      def update
-        @held_timer.each do |k, v|
-          if v < G.kb_held_delay; @held_timer[k] += 1
-          else
-            @held_interval[k] = 0
-            @held_timer.delete k
-          end
-        end
-
-        @held_interval.each do |k, v|
-          if v < G.kb_held_interval; @held_interval[k] += 1
-          else; @held_interval[k] = 0; end
-        end
-
-        @prev_down = @down.clone
-        @down.clear
-        @keys.each do |k|
-          if G.window.button_down? k
-            @down << k
-            @held_timer[k] = 0 if @prev_down.index(k).nil?
-          elsif @prev_down.index(k)
-            @held_timer.delete k
-            @held_interval.delete k
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Returns whether the given key is down in the current frame and was not
-      # down in the frame before.
-      #
-      # Parameters:
-      # [key] Code of the key to be checked. The available codes are all the
-      #       constants in +Gosu+ started with +KB_+.
-      def key_pressed?(key)
-        @prev_down.index(key).nil? and @down.index(key)
-      end
-
-      # Returns whether the given key is down in the current frame.
-      #
-      # Parameters:
-      # [key] Code of the key to be checked. The available codes are all the
-      #       constants in +Gosu+ started with +KB_+.
-      def key_down?(key)
-        @down.index(key)
-      end
-
-      # Returns whether the given key is not down in the current frame but was
-      # down in the frame before.
-      #
-      # Parameters:
-      # [key] Code of the key to be checked. The available codes are all the
-      #       constants in +Gosu+ started with +KB_+.
-      def key_released?(key)
-        @prev_down.index(key) and @down.index(key).nil?
-      end
-
-      # Returns whether the given key is being held down. See
-      # <code>GameWindow.initialize</code> for details.
-      #
-      # Parameters:
-      # [key] Code of the key to be checked. The available codes are all the
-      #       constants in +Gosu+ started with +KB_+.
-      def key_held?(key)
-        @held_interval[key] == G.kb_held_interval
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  # Exposes methods for controlling mouse events.
-  module Mouse
-    class << self
-      # The current x-coordinate of the mouse cursor in the screen.
-      attr_reader :x
-
-      # The current y-coordinate of the mouse cursor in the screen.
-      attr_reader :y
-
-      # This is called by <code>GameWindow.initialize</code>. Don't call it
-      # explicitly.
-      def initialize
-        @down = {}
-        @prev_down = {}
-        @dbl_click = {}
-        @dbl_click_timer = {}
-      end
-
-      # Updates the mouse position and the state of all buttons.
-      def update
-        @prev_down = @down.clone
-        @down.clear
-        @dbl_click.clear
-
-        @dbl_click_timer.each do |k, v|
-          if v < G.double_click_delay; @dbl_click_timer[k] += 1
-          else; @dbl_click_timer.delete k; end
-        end
-
-        k1 = [Gosu::MsLeft, Gosu::MsMiddle, Gosu::MsRight]
-        k2 = [:left, :middle, :right]
-        (0..2).each do |i|
-          if G.window.button_down? k1[i]
-            @down[k2[i]] = true
-            @dbl_click[k2[i]] = true if @dbl_click_timer[k2[i]]
-            @dbl_click_timer.delete k2[i]
-          elsif @prev_down[k2[i]]
-            @dbl_click_timer[k2[i]] = 0
-          end
-        end
-
-        @x = G.window.mouse_x.round
-        @y = G.window.mouse_y.round
-      end
-
-      # Returns whether the given button is down in the current frame and was
-      # not down in the frame before.
-      #
-      # Parameters:
-      # [btn] Button to be checked. Valid values are +:left+, +:middle+ and
-      #       +:right+
-      def button_pressed?(btn)
-        @down[btn] and not @prev_down[btn]
-      end
-
-      # Returns whether the given button is down in the current frame.
-      #
-      # Parameters:
-      # [btn] Button to be checked. Valid values are +:left+, +:middle+ and
-      #       +:right+
-      def button_down?(btn)
-        @down[btn]
-      end
-
-      # Returns whether the given button is not down in the current frame, but
-      # was down in the frame before.
-      #
-      # Parameters:
-      # [btn] Button to be checked. Valid values are +:left+, +:middle+ and
-      #       +:right+
-      def button_released?(btn)
-        @prev_down[btn] and not @down[btn]
-      end
-
-      # Returns whether the given button has just been double clicked.
-      #
-      # Parameters:
-      # [btn] Button to be checked. Valid values are +:left+, +:middle+ and
-      #       +:right+
-      def double_click?(btn)
-        @dbl_click[btn]
-      end
-
-      # Returns whether the mouse cursor is currently inside the given area.
-      #
-      # Parameters:
-      # [x] The x-coordinate of the top left corner of the area.
-      # [y] The y-coordinate of the top left corner of the area.
-      # [w] The width of the area.
-      # [h] The height of the area.
-      #
-      # <b>Alternate syntax</b>
-      #
-      # <code>over?(rectangle)</code>
-      #
-      # Parameters:
-      # [rectangle] A rectangle representing the area to be checked.
-      def over?(x, y = nil, w = nil, h = nil)
-        return @x >= x.x && @x < x.x + x.w && @y >= x.y && @y < x.y + x.h if x.is_a? Rectangle
-        @x >= x && @x < x + w && @y >= y && @y < y + h
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  # This class is responsible for resource management. It keeps references to
-  # all loaded resources until a call to +clear+ is made. Resources can be
-  # loaded as global, so that their references won't be removed even when
-  # +clear+ is called.
-  #
-  # It also provides an easier syntax for loading resources, assuming a
-  # particular folder structure. All resources must be inside subdirectories
-  # of a 'data' directory, so that you will only need to specify the type of
-  # resource being loaded and the file name (either as string or as symbol).
-  # There are default extensions for each type of resource, so the extension
-  # must be specified only if the file is in a format other than the default.
-  module Res
-    class << self
-      # Get the current prefix for searching data files. This is the directory
-      # under which 'img', 'sound', 'song', etc. folders are located.
-      attr_reader :prefix
-
-      # Gets the current path to image files (under +prefix+). Default is 'img'.
-      attr_reader :img_dir
-
-      # Gets the current path to tileset files (under +prefix+). Default is
-      # 'tileset'.
-      attr_reader :tileset_dir
-
-      # Gets the current path to sound files (under +prefix+). Default is 'sound'.
-      attr_reader :sound_dir
-
-      # Gets the current path to song files (under +prefix+). Default is 'song'.
-      attr_reader :song_dir
-
-      # Gets the current path to font files (under +prefix+). Default is 'font'.
-      attr_reader :font_dir
-
-      # Gets or sets the character that is currently being used in the +id+
-      # parameter of the loading methods as a folder separator. Default is '_'.
-      # Note that if you want to use symbols to specify paths, this separator
-      # should be a valid character in a Ruby symbol. On the other hand, if you
-      # want to use only slashes in Strings, you can specify a 'weird' character
-      # that won't appear in any file name.
-      attr_accessor :separator
-
-      # Gets or sets a flag that indicates whether images will be loaded with
-      # the 'retro' option set (see +Gosu::Image+ for details), when this
-      # option is not specified in a 'Res.img' or 'Res.imgs' call.
-      attr_accessor :retro_images
-
-      # This is called by <code>GameWindow.initialize</code>. Don't call it
-      # explicitly.
-      def initialize
-        @imgs = {}
-        @global_imgs = {}
-        @tilesets = {}
-        @global_tilesets = {}
-        @sounds = {}
-        @global_sounds = {}
-        @songs = {}
-        @global_songs = {}
-        @fonts = {}
-        @global_fonts = {}
-
-        @prefix = File.expand_path(File.dirname($0)) + '/data/'
-        @img_dir = 'img/'
-        @tileset_dir = 'tileset/'
-        @sound_dir = 'sound/'
-        @song_dir = 'song/'
-        @font_dir = 'font/'
-        @separator = '_'
-        @retro_images = false
-      end
-
-      # Set a custom prefix for loading resources. By default, the prefix is the
-      # directory of the game script. The prefix is the directory under which
-      # 'img', 'sound', 'song', etc. folders are located.
-      def prefix=(value)
-        value += '/' if value != '' and value[-1] != '/'
-        @prefix = value
-      end
-
-      # Sets the path to image files (under +prefix+). Default is 'img'.
-      def img_dir=(value)
-        value += '/' if value != '' and value[-1] != '/'
-        @img_dir = value
-      end
-
-      # Sets the path to tilset files (under +prefix+). Default is 'tileset'.
-      def tileset_dir=(value)
-        value += '/' if value != '' and value[-1] != '/'
-        @tileset_dir = value
-      end
-
-      # Sets the path to sound files (under +prefix+). Default is 'sound'.
-      def sound_dir=(value)
-        value += '/' if value != '' and value[-1] != '/'
-        @sound_dir = value
-      end
-
-      # Sets the path to song files (under +prefix+). Default is 'song'.
-      def song_dir=(value)
-        value += '/' if value != '' and value[-1] != '/'
-        @song_dir = value
-      end
-
-      # Sets the path to font files (under +prefix+). Default is 'font'.
-      def font_dir=(value)
-        value += '/' if value != '' and value[-1] != '/'
-        @font_dir = value
-      end
-
-      # Returns a <code>Gosu::Image</code> object.
-      #
-      # Parameters:
-      # [id] A string or symbol representing the path to the image. If the file
-      #      is inside +prefix+/+img_dir+, only the file name is needed. If it's
-      #      inside a subdirectory of +prefix+/+img_dir+, the id must be
-      #      prefixed by each subdirectory name followed by +separator+. Example:
-      #      to load 'data/img/sprite/1.png', with the default values of +prefix+,
-      #      +img_dir+ and +separator+, provide +:sprite_1+ or "sprite_1".
-      # [global] Set to true if you want to keep the image in memory until the
-      #          game execution is finished. If false, the image will be
-      #          released when you call +clear+.
-      # [tileable] Whether the image should be loaded in tileable mode, which is
-      #            proper for images that will be used as a tile, i.e., that
-      #            will be drawn repeated times, side by side, forming a
-      #            continuous composition.
-      # [ext] The extension of the file being loaded. Specify only if it is
-      #       other than '.png'.
-      # [retro] Whether the image should be loaded with the 'retro' option set
-      #         (see +Gosu::Image+ for details). If the value is omitted, the
-      #         +Res.retro_images+ value will be used.
-      def img(id, global = false, tileable = false, ext = '.png', retro = nil)
-        a = global ? @global_imgs : @imgs
-        return a[id] if a[id]
-        s = @prefix + @img_dir + id.to_s.split(@separator).join('/') + ext
-        retro = Res.retro_images if retro.nil?
-        img = Gosu::Image.new s, tileable: tileable, retro: retro
-        a[id] = img
-      end
-
-      # Returns an array of <code>Gosu::Image</code> objects, using the image as
-      # a spritesheet. The image with index 0 will be the top left sprite, and
-      # the following indices raise first from left to right and then from top
-      # to bottom.
-      #
-      # Parameters:
-      # [id] A string or symbol representing the path to the image. See +img+
-      #      for details.
-      # [sprite_cols] Number of columns in the spritesheet.
-      # [sprite_rows] Number of rows in the spritesheet.
-      # [global] Set to true if you want to keep the image in memory until the
-      #          game execution is finished. If false, the image will be
-      #          released when you call +clear+.
-      # [ext] The extension of the file being loaded. Specify only if it is
-      #       other than ".png".
-      # [retro] Whether the image should be loaded with the 'retro' option set
-      #         (see +Gosu::Image+ for details). If the value is omitted, the
-      #         +Res.retro_images+ value will be used.
-      def imgs(id, sprite_cols, sprite_rows, global = false, ext = '.png', retro = nil, tileable = false)
-        a = global ? @global_imgs : @imgs
-        return a[id] if a[id]
-        s = @prefix + @img_dir + id.to_s.split(@separator).join('/') + ext
-        retro = Res.retro_images if retro.nil?
-        imgs = Gosu::Image.load_tiles s, -sprite_cols, -sprite_rows, tileable: tileable, retro: retro
-        a[id] = imgs
-      end
-
-      # Returns an array of <code>Gosu::Image</code> objects, using the image as
-      # a tileset. Works the same as +imgs+, except you must provide the tile
-      # size instead of the number of columns and rows, and that the images will
-      # be loaded as tileable.
-      #
-      # Parameters:
-      # [id] A string or symbol representing the path to the image. It must be
-      #      specified the same way as in +img+, but the base directory is
-      #      +prefix+/+tileset_dir+.
-      # [tile_width] Width of each tile, in pixels.
-      # [tile_height] Height of each tile, in pixels.
-      # [global] Set to true if you want to keep the image in memory until the
-      #          game execution is finished. If false, the image will be
-      #          released when you call +clear+.
-      # [ext] The extension of the file being loaded. Specify only if it is
-      #       other than ".png".
-      # [retro] Whether the image should be loaded with the 'retro' option set
-      #         (see +Gosu::Image+ for details). If the value is omitted, the
-      #         +Res.retro_images+ value will be used.
-      def tileset(id, tile_width = 32, tile_height = 32, global = false, ext = '.png', retro = nil)
-        a = global ? @global_tilesets : @tilesets
-        return a[id] if a[id]
-        s = @prefix + @tileset_dir + id.to_s.split(@separator).join('/') + ext
-        retro = Res.retro_images if retro.nil?
-        tileset = Gosu::Image.load_tiles s, tile_width, tile_height, tileable: true, retro: retro
-        a[id] = tileset
-      end
-
-      # Returns a <code>Gosu::Sample</code> object. This should be used for
-      # simple and short sound effects.
-      #
-      # Parameters:
-      # [id] A string or symbol representing the path to the sound. It must be
-      #      specified the same way as in +img+, but the base directory is
-      #      +prefix+/+sound_dir+.
-      # [global] Set to true if you want to keep the sound in memory until the
-      #          game execution is finished. If false, the sound will be
-      #          released when you call +clear+.
-      # [ext] The extension of the file being loaded. Specify only if it is
-      #       other than ".wav".
-      def sound(id, global = false, ext = '.wav')
-        a = global ? @global_sounds : @sounds
-        return a[id] if a[id]
-        s = @prefix + @sound_dir + id.to_s.split(@separator).join('/') + ext
-        sound = Gosu::Sample.new s
-        a[id] = sound
-      end
-
-      # Returns a <code>Gosu::Song</code> object. This should be used for the
-      # background musics of your game.
-      #
-      # Parameters:
-      # [id] A string or symbol representing the path to the song. It must be
-      #      specified the same way as in +img+, but the base directory is
-      #      +prefix+/+song_dir+.
-      # [global] Set to true if you want to keep the song in memory until the
-      #          game execution is finished. If false, the song will be released
-      #          when you call +clear+.
-      # [ext] The extension of the file being loaded. Specify only if it is
-      #       other than ".ogg".
-      def song(id, global = false, ext = '.ogg')
-        a = global ? @global_songs : @songs
-        return a[id] if a[id]
-        s = @prefix + @song_dir + id.to_s.split(@separator).join('/') + ext
-        song = Gosu::Song.new s
-        a[id] = song
-      end
-
-      # Returns a <code>Gosu::Font</code> object. Fonts are needed to draw text
-      # and used by MiniGL elements like buttons, text fields and TextHelper
-      # objects.
-      #
-      # Parameters:
-      # [id] A string or symbol representing the path to the song. It must be
-      #      specified the same way as in +img+, but the base directory is
-      #      +prefix+/+font_dir+.
-      # [size] The size of the font, in pixels. This will correspond,
-      #        approximately, to the height of the tallest character when drawn.
-      # [global] Set to true if you want to keep the font in memory until the
-      #          game execution is finished. If false, the font will be released
-      #          when you call +clear+.
-      # [ext] The extension of the file being loaded. Specify only if it is
-      #       other than ".ttf".
-      def font(id, size, global = true, ext = '.ttf')
-        a = global ? @global_fonts : @fonts
-        id_size = "#{id}_#{size}"
-        return a[id_size] if a[id_size]
-        s = @prefix + @font_dir + id.to_s.split(@separator).join('/') + ext
-        font = Gosu::Font.new size, name: s
-        a[id_size] = font
-      end
-
-      # Releases the memory used by all non-global resources.
-      def clear
-        @imgs.clear
-        @tilesets.clear
-        @sounds.clear
-        @songs.clear
-        @fonts.clear
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
+require 'gosu'
+
+# The main module of the library, used only as a namespace.
+module MiniGL
+  # This class represents a point or vector in a bidimensional space.
+  class Vector
+    # The x coordinate of the vector
+    attr_accessor :x
+
+    # The y coordinate of the vector
+    attr_accessor :y
+
+    # Creates a new bidimensional vector.
+    #
+    # Parameters:
+    # [x] The x coordinate of the vector
+    # [y] The y coordinate of the vector
+    def initialize(x = 0, y = 0)
+      @x = x
+      @y = y
+    end
+
+    # Returns +true+ if both coordinates of this vector are equal to the
+    # corresponding coordinates of +other_vector+, with +precision+ decimal
+    # places of precision.
+    def ==(other_vector, precision = 6)
+      @x.round(precision) == other_vector.x.round(precision) and
+          @y.round(precision) == other_vector.y.round(precision)
+    end
+
+    # Returns +true+ if at least one coordinate of this vector is different from
+    # the corresponding coordinate of +other_vector+, with +precision+ decimal
+    # places of precision.
+    def !=(other_vector, precision = 6)
+      @x.round(precision) != other_vector.x.round(precision) or
+          @y.round(precision) != other_vector.y.round(precision)
+    end
+
+    # Sums this vector with +other_vector+, i.e., sums each coordinate of this
+    # vector with the corresponding coordinate of +other_vector+.
+    def +(other_vector)
+      Vector.new @x + other_vector.x, @y + other_vector.y
+    end
+
+    # Subtracts +other_vector+ from this vector, i.e., subtracts from each
+    # coordinate of this vector the corresponding coordinate of +other_vector+.
+    def -(other_vector)
+      Vector.new @x - other_vector.x, @y - other_vector.y
+    end
+
+    # Multiplies this vector by a scalar, i.e., each coordinate is multiplied by
+    # the given number.
+    def *(scalar)
+      Vector.new @x * scalar, @y * scalar
+    end
+
+    # Divides this vector by a scalar, i.e., each coordinate is divided by the
+    # given number.
+    def /(scalar)
+      Vector.new @x / scalar.to_f, @y / scalar.to_f
+    end
+
+    # Returns the euclidean distance between this vector and +other_vector+.
+    def distance(other_vector)
+      dx = @x - other_vector.x
+      dy = @y - other_vector.y
+      Math.sqrt(dx ** 2 + dy ** 2)
+    end
+
+    # Returns a vector corresponding to the rotation of this vector around the
+    # origin (0, 0) by +radians+ radians.
+    def rotate(radians)
+      sin = Math.sin radians
+      cos = Math.cos radians
+      Vector.new cos * @x - sin * @y, sin * @x + cos * @y
+    end
+
+    # Rotates this vector by +radians+ radians around the origin (0, 0).
+    def rotate!(radians)
+      sin = Math.sin radians
+      cos = Math.cos radians
+      prev_x = @x
+      @x = cos * @x - sin * @y
+      @y = sin * prev_x + cos * @y
+    end
+  end
+
+  # This class represents a rectangle by its x and y coordinates and width and
+  # height.
+  class Rectangle
+    # The x-coordinate of the rectangle.
+    attr_accessor :x
+
+    # The y-coordinate of the rectangle.
+    attr_accessor :y
+
+    # The width of the rectangle.
+    attr_accessor :w
+
+    # The height of the rectangle.
+    attr_accessor :h
+
+    # Creates a new rectangle.
+    #
+    # Parameters:
+    # [x] The x-coordinate of the rectangle.
+    # [y] The y-coordinate of the rectangle.
+    # [w] The width of the rectangle.
+    # [h] The height of the rectangle.
+    def initialize(x, y, w, h)
+      @x = x; @y = y; @w = w; @h = h
+    end
+
+    # Returns whether this rectangle intersects another.
+    #
+    # Parameters:
+    # [r] The rectangle to check intersection with.
+    def intersect?(r)
+      @x < r.x + r.w && @x + @w > r.x && @y < r.y + r.h && @y + @h > r.y
+    end
+  end
+
+  # This module contains references to global objects/constants used by MiniGL.
+  module G
+    class << self
+      # A reference to the game window.
+      attr_accessor :window
+
+      # Gets or sets the value of gravity. See
+      # <code>GameWindow#initialize</code> for details.
+      attr_accessor :gravity
+
+      # Gets or sets the value of min_speed. See
+      # <code>GameWindow#initialize</code> for details.
+      attr_accessor :min_speed
+
+      # Gets or sets the value of ramp_contact_threshold. See
+      # <code>GameWindow#initialize</code> for details.
+      attr_accessor :ramp_contact_threshold
+
+      # Gets or sets the value of ramp_slip_threshold. See
+      # <code>GameWindow#initialize</code> for details.
+      attr_accessor :ramp_slip_threshold
+
+      # Gets or sets the value of ramp_slip_force. See
+      # <code>GameWindow#initialize</code> for details.
+      attr_accessor :ramp_slip_force
+
+      # Gets or sets the value of kb_held_delay. See
+      # <code>GameWindow#initialize</code> for details.
+      attr_accessor :kb_held_delay
+
+      # Gets or sets the value of kb_held_interval. See
+      # <code>GameWindow#initialize</code> for details.
+      attr_accessor :kb_held_interval
+
+      # Gets or sets the value of double_click_delay. See
+      # <code>GameWindow#initialize</code> for details.
+      attr_accessor :double_click_delay
+    end
+  end
+
+  # The main class for a MiniGL game, holds references to globally accessible
+  # objects and constants.
+  class GameWindow < Gosu::Window
+    # Creates a game window (initializing a game with all MiniGL features
+    # enabled).
+    #
+    # Parameters:
+    # [scr_w] Width of the window, in pixels.
+    # [scr_h] Height of the window, in pixels.
+    # [fullscreen] Whether the window must be initialized in full screen mode.
+    # [gravity] A Vector object representing the horizontal and vertical
+    #           components of the force of gravity. Essentially, this force
+    #           will be applied to every object which calls +move+, from the
+    #           Movement module.
+    # [min_speed] A Vector with the minimum speed for moving objects, i.e., the
+    #             value below which the speed will be rounded to zero.
+    # [ramp_contact_threshold] The maximum horizontal movement an object can
+    #                          perform in a single frame and keep contact with a
+    #                          ramp when it's above one.
+    # [ramp_slip_threshold] The maximum ratio between height and width of a ramp
+    #                       above which the objects will always slip down when
+    #                       trying to 'climb' that ramp.
+    # [ramp_slip_force] The force that will be applied in the horizontal
+    #                   direction when the object is slipping from a steep ramp.
+    # [kb_held_delay] The number of frames a key must be held by the user
+    #                 before the "held" event (that can be checked with
+    #                 <code>KB.key_held?</code>) starts to trigger.
+    # [kb_held_interval] The interval, in frames, between each triggering of
+    #                    the "held" event, after the key has been held for
+    #                    more than +kb_held_delay+ frames.
+    # [double_click_delay] The maximum interval, in frames, between two
+    #                      clicks, to trigger the "double click" event
+    #                      (checked with <code>Mouse.double_click?</code>).
+    #
+    # *Obs.:* This method accepts named parameters, but +scr_w+ and +scr_h+ are
+    # mandatory.
+    def initialize(scr_w, scr_h = nil, fullscreen = true,
+                   gravity = Vector.new(0, 1), min_speed = Vector.new(0.01, 0.01),
+                   ramp_contact_threshold = 4, ramp_slip_threshold = 1, ramp_slip_force = 1,
+                   kb_held_delay = 40, kb_held_interval = 5, double_click_delay = 8)
+      if scr_w.is_a? Hash
+        scr_h = scr_w[:scr_h]
+        fullscreen = scr_w.fetch(:fullscreen, true)
+        gravity = scr_w.fetch(:gravity, Vector.new(0, 1))
+        min_speed = scr_w.fetch(:min_speed, Vector.new(0.01, 0.01))
+        ramp_contact_threshold = scr_w.fetch(:ramp_contact_threshold, 4)
+        ramp_slip_threshold = scr_w.fetch(:ramp_slip_threshold, 1.1)
+        ramp_slip_force = scr_w.fetch(:ramp_slip_force, 0.1)
+        kb_held_delay = scr_w.fetch(:kb_held_delay, 40)
+        kb_held_interval = scr_w.fetch(:kb_held_interval, 5)
+        double_click_delay = scr_w.fetch(:double_click_delay, 8)
+        scr_w = scr_w[:scr_w]
+      end
+
+      super scr_w, scr_h, fullscreen
+      G.window = self
+      G.gravity = gravity
+      G.min_speed = min_speed
+      G.ramp_contact_threshold = ramp_contact_threshold
+      G.ramp_slip_threshold = ramp_slip_threshold
+      G.ramp_slip_force = ramp_slip_force
+      G.kb_held_delay = kb_held_delay
+      G.kb_held_interval = kb_held_interval
+      G.double_click_delay = double_click_delay
+      KB.initialize
+      Mouse.initialize
+      Res.initialize
+    end
+
+    # Draws a rectangle with the size of the entire screen, in the given color.
+    #
+    # Parameters:
+    # [color] Color of the rectangle to be drawn, in hexadecimal RRGGBB format.
+    def clear(color)
+      color |= 0xff000000
+      draw_quad 0, 0, color,
+                width, 0, color,
+                width, height, color,
+                0, height, color, 0
+    end
+
+    # Toggles the window between windowed and full screen mode.
+    def toggle_fullscreen
+      self.fullscreen = !fullscreen?
+    end
+  end
+
+  #class JSHelper
+
+  # Exposes methods for controlling keyboard events.
+  module KB
+    class << self
+      # This is called by <code>GameWindow.initialize</code>. Don't call it
+      # explicitly.
+      def initialize
+        @keys = [
+          Gosu::KB_A, Gosu::KB_B, Gosu::KB_C, Gosu::KB_D, Gosu::KB_E, Gosu::KB_F,
+          Gosu::KB_G, Gosu::KB_H, Gosu::KB_I, Gosu::KB_J, Gosu::KB_K, Gosu::KB_L,
+          Gosu::KB_M, Gosu::KB_N, Gosu::KB_O, Gosu::KB_P, Gosu::KB_Q, Gosu::KB_R,
+          Gosu::KB_S, Gosu::KB_T, Gosu::KB_U, Gosu::KB_V, Gosu::KB_W, Gosu::KB_X,
+          Gosu::KB_Y, Gosu::KB_Z, Gosu::KB_1, Gosu::KB_2, Gosu::KB_3, Gosu::KB_4,
+          Gosu::KB_5, Gosu::KB_6, Gosu::KB_7, Gosu::KB_8, Gosu::KB_9, Gosu::KB_0,
+          Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_1, Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_2, Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_3, Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_4,
+          Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_5, Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_6, Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_7, Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_8,
+          Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_9, Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_0, Gosu::KB_F1, Gosu::KB_F2,
+          Gosu::KB_F3, Gosu::KB_F4, Gosu::KB_F5, Gosu::KB_F6, Gosu::KB_F7,
+          Gosu::KB_F8, Gosu::KB_F9, Gosu::KB_F10, Gosu::KB_F11, Gosu::KB_F12,
+          Gosu::KB_APOSTROPHE, Gosu::KB_BACKSLASH, Gosu::KB_BACKSPACE,
+          Gosu::KB_BACKTICK, Gosu::KB_COMMA, Gosu::KB_DELETE, Gosu::KB_DOWN,
+          Gosu::KB_END, Gosu::KB_ENTER, Gosu::KB_EQUALS, Gosu::KB_ESCAPE,
+          Gosu::KB_HOME, Gosu::KB_INSERT, Gosu::KB_ISO, Gosu::KB_LEFT,
+          Gosu::KB_LEFT_ALT, Gosu::KB_LEFT_BRACKET, Gosu::KB_LEFT_CONTROL,
+          Gosu::KB_LEFT_META, Gosu::KB_LEFT_SHIFT, Gosu::KB_MINUS,
+          Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_DIVIDE, Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_MINUS,
+          Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_MULTIPLY, Gosu::KB_NUMPAD_PLUS, Gosu::KB_PAGE_DOWN,
+          Gosu::KB_PAGE_UP, Gosu::KB_PERIOD, Gosu::KB_RETURN, Gosu::KB_RIGHT,
+          Gosu::KB_RIGHT_ALT, Gosu::KB_RIGHT_BRACKET, Gosu::KB_RIGHT_CONTROL,
+          Gosu::KB_RIGHT_META, Gosu::KB_RIGHT_SHIFT, Gosu::KB_SEMICOLON,
+          Gosu::KB_SLASH, Gosu::KB_SPACE, Gosu::KB_TAB, Gosu::KB_UP
+        ]
+        @down = []
+        @prev_down = []
+        @held_timer = {}
+        @held_interval = {}
+      end
+
+      # Updates the state of all keys.
+      def update
+        @held_timer.each do |k, v|
+          if v < G.kb_held_delay; @held_timer[k] += 1
+          else
+            @held_interval[k] = 0
+            @held_timer.delete k
+          end
+        end
+
+        @held_interval.each do |k, v|
+          if v < G.kb_held_interval; @held_interval[k] += 1
+          else; @held_interval[k] = 0; end
+        end
+
+        @prev_down = @down.clone
+        @down.clear
+        @keys.each do |k|
+          if G.window.button_down? k
+            @down << k
+            @held_timer[k] = 0 if @prev_down.index(k).nil?
+          elsif @prev_down.index(k)
+            @held_timer.delete k
+            @held_interval.delete k
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Returns whether the given key is down in the current frame and was not
+      # down in the frame before.
+      #
+      # Parameters:
+      # [key] Code of the key to be checked. The available codes are all the
+      #       constants in +Gosu+ started with +KB_+.
+      def key_pressed?(key)
+        @prev_down.index(key).nil? and @down.index(key)
+      end
+
+      # Returns whether the given key is down in the current frame.
+      #
+      # Parameters:
+      # [key] Code of the key to be checked. The available codes are all the
+      #       constants in +Gosu+ started with +KB_+.
+      def key_down?(key)
+        @down.index(key)
+      end
+
+      # Returns whether the given key is not down in the current frame but was
+      # down in the frame before.
+      #
+      # Parameters:
+      # [key] Code of the key to be checked. The available codes are all the
+      #       constants in +Gosu+ started with +KB_+.
+      def key_released?(key)
+        @prev_down.index(key) and @down.index(key).nil?
+      end
+
+      # Returns whether the given key is being held down. See
+      # <code>GameWindow.initialize</code> for details.
+      #
+      # Parameters:
+      # [key] Code of the key to be checked. The available codes are all the
+      #       constants in +Gosu+ started with +KB_+.
+      def key_held?(key)
+        @held_interval[key] == G.kb_held_interval
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Exposes methods for controlling mouse events.
+  module Mouse
+    class << self
+      # The current x-coordinate of the mouse cursor in the screen.
+      attr_reader :x
+
+      # The current y-coordinate of the mouse cursor in the screen.
+      attr_reader :y
+
+      # This is called by <code>GameWindow.initialize</code>. Don't call it
+      # explicitly.
+      def initialize
+        @down = {}
+        @prev_down = {}
+        @dbl_click = {}
+        @dbl_click_timer = {}
+      end
+
+      # Updates the mouse position and the state of all buttons.
+      def update
+        @prev_down = @down.clone
+        @down.clear
+        @dbl_click.clear
+
+        @dbl_click_timer.each do |k, v|
+          if v < G.double_click_delay; @dbl_click_timer[k] += 1
+          else; @dbl_click_timer.delete k; end
+        end
+
+        k1 = [Gosu::MsLeft, Gosu::MsMiddle, Gosu::MsRight]
+        k2 = [:left, :middle, :right]
+        (0..2).each do |i|
+          if G.window.button_down? k1[i]
+            @down[k2[i]] = true
+            @dbl_click[k2[i]] = true if @dbl_click_timer[k2[i]]
+            @dbl_click_timer.delete k2[i]
+          elsif @prev_down[k2[i]]
+            @dbl_click_timer[k2[i]] = 0
+          end
+        end
+
+        @x = G.window.mouse_x.round
+        @y = G.window.mouse_y.round
+      end
+
+      # Returns whether the given button is down in the current frame and was
+      # not down in the frame before.
+      #
+      # Parameters:
+      # [btn] Button to be checked. Valid values are +:left+, +:middle+ and
+      #       +:right+
+      def button_pressed?(btn)
+        @down[btn] and not @prev_down[btn]
+      end
+
+      # Returns whether the given button is down in the current frame.
+      #
+      # Parameters:
+      # [btn] Button to be checked. Valid values are +:left+, +:middle+ and
+      #       +:right+
+      def button_down?(btn)
+        @down[btn]
+      end
+
+      # Returns whether the given button is not down in the current frame, but
+      # was down in the frame before.
+      #
+      # Parameters:
+      # [btn] Button to be checked. Valid values are +:left+, +:middle+ and
+      #       +:right+
+      def button_released?(btn)
+        @prev_down[btn] and not @down[btn]
+      end
+
+      # Returns whether the given button has just been double clicked.
+      #
+      # Parameters:
+      # [btn] Button to be checked. Valid values are +:left+, +:middle+ and
+      #       +:right+
+      def double_click?(btn)
+        @dbl_click[btn]
+      end
+
+      # Returns whether the mouse cursor is currently inside the given area.
+      #
+      # Parameters:
+      # [x] The x-coordinate of the top left corner of the area.
+      # [y] The y-coordinate of the top left corner of the area.
+      # [w] The width of the area.
+      # [h] The height of the area.
+      #
+      # <b>Alternate syntax</b>
+      #
+      # <code>over?(rectangle)</code>
+      #
+      # Parameters:
+      # [rectangle] A rectangle representing the area to be checked.
+      def over?(x, y = nil, w = nil, h = nil)
+        return @x >= x.x && @x < x.x + x.w && @y >= x.y && @y < x.y + x.h if x.is_a? Rectangle
+        @x >= x && @x < x + w && @y >= y && @y < y + h
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # This class is responsible for resource management. It keeps references to
+  # all loaded resources until a call to +clear+ is made. Resources can be
+  # loaded as global, so that their references won't be removed even when
+  # +clear+ is called.
+  #
+  # It also provides an easier syntax for loading resources, assuming a
+  # particular folder structure. All resources must be inside subdirectories
+  # of a 'data' directory, so that you will only need to specify the type of
+  # resource being loaded and the file name (either as string or as symbol).
+  # There are default extensions for each type of resource, so the extension
+  # must be specified only if the file is in a format other than the default.
+  module Res
+    class << self
+      # Get the current prefix for searching data files. This is the directory
+      # under which 'img', 'sound', 'song', etc. folders are located.
+      attr_reader :prefix
+
+      # Gets the current path to image files (under +prefix+). Default is 'img'.
+      attr_reader :img_dir
+
+      # Gets the current path to tileset files (under +prefix+). Default is
+      # 'tileset'.
+      attr_reader :tileset_dir
+
+      # Gets the current path to sound files (under +prefix+). Default is 'sound'.
+      attr_reader :sound_dir
+
+      # Gets the current path to song files (under +prefix+). Default is 'song'.
+      attr_reader :song_dir
+
+      # Gets the current path to font files (under +prefix+). Default is 'font'.
+      attr_reader :font_dir
+
+      # Gets or sets the character that is currently being used in the +id+
+      # parameter of the loading methods as a folder separator. Default is '_'.
+      # Note that if you want to use symbols to specify paths, this separator
+      # should be a valid character in a Ruby symbol. On the other hand, if you
+      # want to use only slashes in Strings, you can specify a 'weird' character
+      # that won't appear in any file name.
+      attr_accessor :separator
+
+      # Gets or sets a flag that indicates whether images will be loaded with
+      # the 'retro' option set (see +Gosu::Image+ for details), when this
+      # option is not specified in a 'Res.img' or 'Res.imgs' call.
+      attr_accessor :retro_images
+
+      # This is called by <code>GameWindow.initialize</code>. Don't call it
+      # explicitly.
+      def initialize
+        @imgs = {}
+        @global_imgs = {}
+        @tilesets = {}
+        @global_tilesets = {}
+        @sounds = {}
+        @global_sounds = {}
+        @songs = {}
+        @global_songs = {}
+        @fonts = {}
+        @global_fonts = {}
+
+        @prefix = File.expand_path(File.dirname($0)) + '/data/'
+        @img_dir = 'img/'
+        @tileset_dir = 'tileset/'
+        @sound_dir = 'sound/'
+        @song_dir = 'song/'
+        @font_dir = 'font/'
+        @separator = '_'
+        @retro_images = false
+      end
+
+      # Set a custom prefix for loading resources. By default, the prefix is the
+      # directory of the game script. The prefix is the directory under which
+      # 'img', 'sound', 'song', etc. folders are located.
+      def prefix=(value)
+        value += '/' if value != '' and value[-1] != '/'
+        @prefix = value
+      end
+
+      # Sets the path to image files (under +prefix+). Default is 'img'.
+      def img_dir=(value)
+        value += '/' if value != '' and value[-1] != '/'
+        @img_dir = value
+      end
+
+      # Sets the path to tilset files (under +prefix+). Default is 'tileset'.
+      def tileset_dir=(value)
+        value += '/' if value != '' and value[-1] != '/'
+        @tileset_dir = value
+      end
+
+      # Sets the path to sound files (under +prefix+). Default is 'sound'.
+      def sound_dir=(value)
+        value += '/' if value != '' and value[-1] != '/'
+        @sound_dir = value
+      end
+
+      # Sets the path to song files (under +prefix+). Default is 'song'.
+      def song_dir=(value)
+        value += '/' if value != '' and value[-1] != '/'
+        @song_dir = value
+      end
+
+      # Sets the path to font files (under +prefix+). Default is 'font'.
+      def font_dir=(value)
+        value += '/' if value != '' and value[-1] != '/'
+        @font_dir = value
+      end
+
+      # Returns a <code>Gosu::Image</code> object.
+      #
+      # Parameters:
+      # [id] A string or symbol representing the path to the image. If the file
+      #      is inside +prefix+/+img_dir+, only the file name is needed. If it's
+      #      inside a subdirectory of +prefix+/+img_dir+, the id must be
+      #      prefixed by each subdirectory name followed by +separator+. Example:
+      #      to load 'data/img/sprite/1.png', with the default values of +prefix+,
+      #      +img_dir+ and +separator+, provide +:sprite_1+ or "sprite_1".
+      # [global] Set to true if you want to keep the image in memory until the
+      #          game execution is finished. If false, the image will be
+      #          released when you call +clear+.
+      # [tileable] Whether the image should be loaded in tileable mode, which is
+      #            proper for images that will be used as a tile, i.e., that
+      #            will be drawn repeated times, side by side, forming a
+      #            continuous composition.
+      # [ext] The extension of the file being loaded. Specify only if it is
+      #       other than '.png'.
+      # [retro] Whether the image should be loaded with the 'retro' option set
+      #         (see +Gosu::Image+ for details). If the value is omitted, the
+      #         +Res.retro_images+ value will be used.
+      def img(id, global = false, tileable = false, ext = '.png', retro = nil)
+        a = global ? @global_imgs : @imgs
+        return a[id] if a[id]
+        s = @prefix + @img_dir + id.to_s.split(@separator).join('/') + ext
+        retro = Res.retro_images if retro.nil?
+        img = Gosu::Image.new s, tileable: tileable, retro: retro
+        a[id] = img
+      end
+
+      # Returns an array of <code>Gosu::Image</code> objects, using the image as
+      # a spritesheet. The image with index 0 will be the top left sprite, and
+      # the following indices raise first from left to right and then from top
+      # to bottom.
+      #
+      # Parameters:
+      # [id] A string or symbol representing the path to the image. See +img+
+      #      for details.
+      # [sprite_cols] Number of columns in the spritesheet.
+      # [sprite_rows] Number of rows in the spritesheet.
+      # [global] Set to true if you want to keep the image in memory until the
+      #          game execution is finished. If false, the image will be
+      #          released when you call +clear+.
+      # [ext] The extension of the file being loaded. Specify only if it is
+      #       other than ".png".
+      # [retro] Whether the image should be loaded with the 'retro' option set
+      #         (see +Gosu::Image+ for details). If the value is omitted, the
+      #         +Res.retro_images+ value will be used.
+      def imgs(id, sprite_cols, sprite_rows, global = false, ext = '.png', retro = nil, tileable = false)
+        a = global ? @global_imgs : @imgs
+        return a[id] if a[id]
+        s = @prefix + @img_dir + id.to_s.split(@separator).join('/') + ext
+        retro = Res.retro_images if retro.nil?
+        imgs = Gosu::Image.load_tiles s, -sprite_cols, -sprite_rows, tileable: tileable, retro: retro
+        a[id] = imgs
+      end
+
+      # Returns an array of <code>Gosu::Image</code> objects, using the image as
+      # a tileset. Works the same as +imgs+, except you must provide the tile
+      # size instead of the number of columns and rows, and that the images will
+      # be loaded as tileable.
+      #
+      # Parameters:
+      # [id] A string or symbol representing the path to the image. It must be
+      #      specified the same way as in +img+, but the base directory is
+      #      +prefix+/+tileset_dir+.
+      # [tile_width] Width of each tile, in pixels.
+      # [tile_height] Height of each tile, in pixels.
+      # [global] Set to true if you want to keep the image in memory until the
+      #          game execution is finished. If false, the image will be
+      #          released when you call +clear+.
+      # [ext] The extension of the file being loaded. Specify only if it is
+      #       other than ".png".
+      # [retro] Whether the image should be loaded with the 'retro' option set
+      #         (see +Gosu::Image+ for details). If the value is omitted, the
+      #         +Res.retro_images+ value will be used.
+      def tileset(id, tile_width = 32, tile_height = 32, global = false, ext = '.png', retro = nil)
+        a = global ? @global_tilesets : @tilesets
+        return a[id] if a[id]
+        s = @prefix + @tileset_dir + id.to_s.split(@separator).join('/') + ext
+        retro = Res.retro_images if retro.nil?
+        tileset = Gosu::Image.load_tiles s, tile_width, tile_height, tileable: true, retro: retro
+        a[id] = tileset
+      end
+
+      # Returns a <code>Gosu::Sample</code> object. This should be used for
+      # simple and short sound effects.
+      #
+      # Parameters:
+      # [id] A string or symbol representing the path to the sound. It must be
+      #      specified the same way as in +img+, but the base directory is
+      #      +prefix+/+sound_dir+.
+      # [global] Set to true if you want to keep the sound in memory until the
+      #          game execution is finished. If false, the sound will be
+      #          released when you call +clear+.
+      # [ext] The extension of the file being loaded. Specify only if it is
+      #       other than ".wav".
+      def sound(id, global = false, ext = '.wav')
+        a = global ? @global_sounds : @sounds
+        return a[id] if a[id]
+        s = @prefix + @sound_dir + id.to_s.split(@separator).join('/') + ext
+        sound = Gosu::Sample.new s
+        a[id] = sound
+      end
+
+      # Returns a <code>Gosu::Song</code> object. This should be used for the
+      # background musics of your game.
+      #
+      # Parameters:
+      # [id] A string or symbol representing the path to the song. It must be
+      #      specified the same way as in +img+, but the base directory is
+      #      +prefix+/+song_dir+.
+      # [global] Set to true if you want to keep the song in memory until the
+      #          game execution is finished. If false, the song will be released
+      #          when you call +clear+.
+      # [ext] The extension of the file being loaded. Specify only if it is
+      #       other than ".ogg".
+      def song(id, global = false, ext = '.ogg')
+        a = global ? @global_songs : @songs
+        return a[id] if a[id]
+        s = @prefix + @song_dir + id.to_s.split(@separator).join('/') + ext
+        song = Gosu::Song.new s
+        a[id] = song
+      end
+
+      # Returns a <code>Gosu::Font</code> object. Fonts are needed to draw text
+      # and used by MiniGL elements like buttons, text fields and TextHelper
+      # objects.
+      #
+      # Parameters:
+      # [id] A string or symbol representing the path to the song. It must be
+      #      specified the same way as in +img+, but the base directory is
+      #      +prefix+/+font_dir+.
+      # [size] The size of the font, in pixels. This will correspond,
+      #        approximately, to the height of the tallest character when drawn.
+      # [global] Set to true if you want to keep the font in memory until the
+      #          game execution is finished. If false, the font will be released
+      #          when you call +clear+.
+      # [ext] The extension of the file being loaded. Specify only if it is
+      #       other than ".ttf".
+      def font(id, size, global = true, ext = '.ttf')
+        a = global ? @global_fonts : @fonts
+        id_size = "#{id}_#{size}"
+        return a[id_size] if a[id_size]
+        s = @prefix + @font_dir + id.to_s.split(@separator).join('/') + ext
+        font = Gosu::Font.new size, name: s
+        a[id_size] = font
+      end
+
+      # Releases the memory used by all non-global resources.
+      def clear
+        @imgs.clear
+        @tilesets.clear
+        @sounds.clear
+        @songs.clear
+        @fonts.clear
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end