kind 4.0.0 → 5.3.0
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- checksums.yaml +4 -4
 - data/.tool-versions +1 -1
 - data/.travis.sh +39 -7
 - data/.travis.yml +1 -2
 - data/CHANGELOG.md +486 -28
 - data/Gemfile +13 -6
 - data/README.md +153 -49
 - data/kind.gemspec +1 -1
 - data/lib/kind.rb +2 -84
 - data/lib/kind/__lib__/action_steps.rb +57 -0
 - data/lib/kind/__lib__/attributes.rb +66 -0
 - data/lib/kind/__lib__/kind.rb +51 -0
 - data/lib/kind/__lib__/of.rb +17 -0
 - data/lib/kind/__lib__/strict.rb +49 -0
 - data/lib/kind/__lib__/undefined.rb +14 -0
 - data/lib/kind/action.rb +127 -0
 - data/lib/kind/active_model/validation.rb +3 -4
 - data/lib/kind/basic.rb +79 -0
 - data/lib/kind/basic/error.rb +29 -0
 - data/lib/kind/{undefined.rb → basic/undefined.rb} +6 -1
 - data/lib/kind/dig.rb +21 -5
 - data/lib/kind/either.rb +30 -0
 - data/lib/kind/either/left.rb +29 -0
 - data/lib/kind/either/methods.rb +17 -0
 - data/lib/kind/either/monad.rb +65 -0
 - data/lib/kind/either/monad/wrapper.rb +19 -0
 - data/lib/kind/either/right.rb +38 -0
 - data/lib/kind/empty.rb +2 -2
 - data/lib/kind/empty/constant.rb +7 -0
 - data/lib/kind/enum.rb +63 -0
 - data/lib/kind/enum/item.rb +40 -0
 - data/lib/kind/enum/methods.rb +72 -0
 - data/lib/kind/function.rb +45 -0
 - data/lib/kind/functional.rb +89 -0
 - data/lib/kind/functional/action.rb +90 -0
 - data/lib/kind/immutable_attributes.rb +34 -0
 - data/lib/kind/immutable_attributes/initializer.rb +70 -0
 - data/lib/kind/immutable_attributes/reader.rb +38 -0
 - data/lib/kind/maybe.rb +37 -12
 - data/lib/kind/maybe/methods.rb +21 -0
 - data/lib/kind/maybe/monad.rb +82 -0
 - data/lib/kind/maybe/monad/wrapper.rb +19 -0
 - data/lib/kind/maybe/none.rb +12 -19
 - data/lib/kind/maybe/some.rb +68 -26
 - data/lib/kind/maybe/typed.rb +11 -5
 - data/lib/kind/maybe/{wrappable.rb → wrapper.rb} +9 -7
 - data/lib/kind/monad.rb +22 -0
 - data/lib/kind/monads.rb +5 -0
 - data/lib/kind/objects.rb +17 -0
 - data/lib/kind/objects/basic_object.rb +43 -0
 - data/lib/kind/objects/modules.rb +32 -0
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/core/array.rb +3 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/core/class.rb +1 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/core/comparable.rb +1 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/core/enumerable.rb +1 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/core/enumerator.rb +1 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/core/file.rb +1 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/core/float.rb +1 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/core/hash.rb +3 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/core/integer.rb +1 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/core/io.rb +1 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/core/method.rb +1 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/core/module.rb +1 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/core/numeric.rb +1 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/core/proc.rb +1 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/core/queue.rb +1 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/core/range.rb +1 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/core/regexp.rb +1 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/core/string.rb +3 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/core/struct.rb +1 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/core/symbol.rb +1 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/core/time.rb +1 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/custom/boolean.rb +2 -2
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/custom/callable.rb +1 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/custom/lambda.rb +1 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/stdlib/open_struct.rb +3 -1
 - data/lib/kind/{type_checkers → objects/modules}/stdlib/set.rb +3 -1
 - data/lib/kind/objects/nil.rb +17 -0
 - data/lib/kind/objects/not_nil.rb +9 -0
 - data/lib/kind/objects/object.rb +56 -0
 - data/lib/kind/objects/respond_to.rb +30 -0
 - data/lib/kind/objects/union_type.rb +44 -0
 - data/lib/kind/presence.rb +4 -2
 - data/lib/kind/result.rb +31 -0
 - data/lib/kind/result/abstract.rb +53 -0
 - data/lib/kind/result/failure.rb +33 -0
 - data/lib/kind/result/methods.rb +17 -0
 - data/lib/kind/result/monad.rb +74 -0
 - data/lib/kind/result/monad/wrapper.rb +19 -0
 - data/lib/kind/result/success.rb +53 -0
 - data/lib/kind/strict/disabled.rb +34 -0
 - data/lib/kind/try.rb +21 -11
 - data/lib/kind/validator.rb +111 -0
 - data/lib/kind/version.rb +1 -1
 - metadata +78 -48
 - data/lib/kind/active_model/kind_validator.rb +0 -96
 - data/lib/kind/core.rb +0 -9
 - data/lib/kind/core/deprecation.rb +0 -29
 - data/lib/kind/core/kind.rb +0 -61
 - data/lib/kind/core/undefined.rb +0 -7
 - data/lib/kind/deprecations/built_in_type_checkers.rb +0 -23
 - data/lib/kind/deprecations/checker.rb +0 -16
 - data/lib/kind/deprecations/checker/factory.rb +0 -31
 - data/lib/kind/deprecations/checker/protocol.rb +0 -73
 - data/lib/kind/deprecations/is.rb +0 -35
 - data/lib/kind/deprecations/of.rb +0 -258
 - data/lib/kind/deprecations/types.rb +0 -121
 - data/lib/kind/error.rb +0 -15
 - data/lib/kind/maybe/result.rb +0 -51
 - data/lib/kind/type_checker.rb +0 -73
 - data/lib/kind/type_checkers.rb +0 -30
 
    
        checksums.yaml
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            ---
         
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            SHA256:
         
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              metadata.gz: b826449cc89c4cd8dc3d58694a37914f7de37cb7000a2ba534ffa914f10f7677
         
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              data.tar.gz: e2ed88bcf83d332de58a8516533a58f858494e7ac2ea60f58517e08cd11066c9
         
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            SHA512:
         
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              data.tar.gz:  
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              metadata.gz: ac5f74a2ba85be82a6b9709745069047105ccdf8aacadbabdb7e96f66ff007dd0e7ce8e2001df206614c3bf852cb95f3c9d21d2f203490a39070a92bb2250afd
         
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              data.tar.gz: 14b4f8b747a25b9c9535f40972dcfbc07116f97051090616053c663dbfe71cc5b8771bc5899da4e51a77168acb18a18a8c0b898a37c6730397d5c3a4afdc340b
         
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        data/.tool-versions
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            ruby  
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            ruby 3.0.0
         
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        data/.travis.sh
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            RUBY_V=$(ruby -v)
         
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            function run_basic_tests {
         
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              if [ ! -z "$1" ]; then
         
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                bundle_cmd="bundle _$1_"
         
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              else
         
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                bundle_cmd="bundle"
         
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              fi
         
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              eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/{basic/*_test,basic_test}.rb'"
         
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              eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/enum_test.rb'"
         
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              eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/presence_test.rb'"
         
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              eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/dig_test.rb'"
         
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              eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/try_test.rb'"
         
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              eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/maybe_test.rb'"
         
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              eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/immutable_attributes_test.rb'"
         
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              eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/function_test.rb'"
         
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              eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/action_test.rb'"
         
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              eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/{functional/*_test,functional_test}.rb'"
         
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              eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/either/*_test.rb'"
         
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              eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/result/*_test.rb'"
         
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              eval "KIND_STRICT=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/strict_disabled_test.rb'"
         
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            }
         
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            function run_with_bundler {
         
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              rm Gemfile.lock
         
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              run_with_bundler "$2" "ACTIVEMODEL_VERSION=$1"
         
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            }
         
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            RUBY_2_12="ruby 2.[12]."
         
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            RUBY_2_2345="ruby 2.[2345]."
         
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            RUBY_2_12345="ruby 2.[12345]."
         
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            RUBY_2_567="ruby 2.[567]."
         
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            RUBY_3_0="ruby 3.0."
         
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            if [[ $RUBY_V =~ $ 
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              run_with_bundler "$BUNDLER_V1"
         
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            if [[ $RUBY_V =~ $RUBY_2_12 ]]; then
         
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              run_with_am_version_and_bundler "3.2" "$BUNDLER_V1"
         
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            fi
         
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            if [[ $RUBY_V =~ $RUBY_2_2345 ]]; then
         
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              run_with_am_version_and_bundler "4.0" "$BUNDLER_V1"
         
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              run_with_am_version_and_bundler "4.1" "$BUNDLER_V1"
         
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              run_with_am_version_and_bundler "4.2" "$BUNDLER_V1"
         
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              run_with_am_version_and_bundler "5.2" "$BUNDLER_V1"
         
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            fi
         
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            if [[ $RUBY_V =~ $RUBY_2_12345 ]]; then
         
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              run_basic_tests "$BUNDLER_V1"
         
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              run_with_bundler "$BUNDLER_V1"
         
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            fi
         
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            if [[ $RUBY_V =~ $RUBY_2_567 ]] || [[ $RUBY_V =~ $ 
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            if [[ $RUBY_V =~ $RUBY_2_567 ]] || [[ $RUBY_V =~ $RUBY_3_0 ]]; then
         
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              gem install bundler -v ">= 2" --no-doc
         
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              run_with_am_version_and_bundler "6.0"
         
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              run_with_am_version_and_bundler "6.1"
         
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              run_basic_tests
         
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              run_with_bundler
         
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            fi
         
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        data/.travis.yml
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        data/CHANGELOG.md
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            This project follows [semver 2.0.0](http://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html) and the recommendations of [keepachangelog.com](http://keepachangelog.com/).
         
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            - [Unreleased](#unreleased)
         
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            - [ 
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            - [5.3.0 (2021-03-23)](#530-2021-03-23)
         
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              - [Added](#added)
         
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              - [Fixed](#fixed)
         
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            - [3.1.0 (2020-07-08)](#310-2020-07-08)
         
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            - [5.2.0 (2021-03-17)](#520-2021-03-17)
         
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              - [Added](#added-1)
         
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            - [ 
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              - [ 
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              - [Deprecated](#deprecated)
         
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              - [Changes](#changes)
         
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            - [5.1.0 (2021-02-23)](#510-2021-02-23)
         
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              - [Added](#added-2)
         
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            - [ 
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              - [Deprecated](#deprecated-1)
         
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            - [5.0.0 (2021-02-22)](#500-2021-02-22)
         
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              - [Breaking Changes](#breaking-changes)
         
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              - [Removed](#removed)
         
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            - [4.1.0 (2021-02-22)](#410-2021-02-22)
         
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              - [Added](#added-3)
         
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            - [ 
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            - [4.0.0 (2021-02-22)](#400-2021-02-22)
         
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              - [Added](#added-4)
         
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              - [Deprecated](#deprecated-2)
         
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              - [Fixed](#fixed)
         
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            - [3.1.0 (2020-07-08)](#310-2020-07-08)
         
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              - [Added](#added-5)
         
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            - [3.0.0 (2020-06-25)](#300-2020-06-25)
         
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              - [Breaking Changes](#breaking-changes-1)
         
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            - [2.0.0 (2020-05-07)](#200-2020-05-07)
         
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              - [Added](#added-6)
         
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            - [2.3.0 (2020-06-24)](#230-2020-06-24)
         
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              - [Added](#added-7)
         
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            - [2.2.0 (2020-06-23)](#220-2020-06-23)
         
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              - [Added](#added-8)
         
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            - [2.1.0 (2020-05-12)](#210-2020-05-12)
         
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              - [Added](#added-9)
         
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              - [Breaking Changes](#breaking-changes-2)
         
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            - [2.0.0 (2020-05-07)](#200-2020-05-07)
         
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              - [Added](#added-10)
         
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              - [Breaking Changes](#breaking-changes-3)
         
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              - [Removed](#removed-1)
         
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            - [1.9.0 (2020-05-06)](#190-2020-05-06)
         
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              - [Added](#added-11)
         
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            - [1.8.0 (2020-05-03)](#180-2020-05-03)
         
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            -
              - [Added](#added- 
     | 
| 
      
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     | 
    
         
            +
              - [Added](#added-12)
         
     | 
| 
       30 
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     | 
    
         
             
            - [1.7.0 (2020-05-03)](#170-2020-05-03)
         
     | 
| 
       31 
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     | 
    
         
             
              - [Fixed](#fixed-1)
         
     | 
| 
       32 
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     | 
    
         
             
            - [1.6.0 (2020-04-17)](#160-2020-04-17)
         
     | 
| 
       33 
     | 
    
         
            -
              - [Added](#added- 
     | 
| 
       34 
     | 
    
         
            -
              - [Changes](#changes)
         
     | 
| 
      
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     | 
    
         
            +
              - [Added](#added-13)
         
     | 
| 
      
 48 
     | 
    
         
            +
              - [Changes](#changes-1)
         
     | 
| 
       35 
49 
     | 
    
         
             
            - [1.5.0 (2020-04-12)](#150-2020-04-12)
         
     | 
| 
       36 
     | 
    
         
            -
              - [Added](#added- 
     | 
| 
      
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     | 
    
         
            +
              - [Added](#added-14)
         
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       37 
51 
     | 
    
         
             
            - [1.4.0 (2020-04-12)](#140-2020-04-12)
         
     | 
| 
       38 
     | 
    
         
            -
              - [Added](#added- 
     | 
| 
      
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     | 
    
         
            +
              - [Added](#added-15)
         
     | 
| 
       39 
53 
     | 
    
         
             
            - [1.3.0 (2020-04-12)](#130-2020-04-12)
         
     | 
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       40 
     | 
    
         
            -
              - [Added](#added- 
     | 
| 
      
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     | 
    
         
            +
              - [Added](#added-16)
         
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| 
       41 
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     | 
    
         
             
            - [1.2.0 (2020-04-12)](#120-2020-04-12)
         
     | 
| 
       42 
     | 
    
         
            -
              - [Added](#added- 
     | 
| 
      
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     | 
    
         
            +
              - [Added](#added-17)
         
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| 
       43 
57 
     | 
    
         
             
            - [1.1.0 (2020-04-09)](#110-2020-04-09)
         
     | 
| 
       44 
     | 
    
         
            -
              - [Added](#added- 
     | 
| 
      
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     | 
    
         
            +
              - [Added](#added-18)
         
     | 
| 
       45 
59 
     | 
    
         
             
              - [Fixed](#fixed-2)
         
     | 
| 
       46 
60 
     | 
    
         
             
            - [1.0.0 (2020-03-16)](#100-2020-03-16)
         
     | 
| 
       47 
     | 
    
         
            -
              - [Added](#added- 
     | 
| 
      
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     | 
    
         
            +
              - [Added](#added-19)
         
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| 
       48 
62 
     | 
    
         
             
            - [0.6.0 (2020-01-06)](#060-2020-01-06)
         
     | 
| 
       49 
     | 
    
         
            -
              - [Added](#added- 
     | 
| 
      
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     | 
    
         
            +
              - [Added](#added-20)
         
     | 
| 
       50 
64 
     | 
    
         
             
            - [0.5.0 (2020-01-04)](#050-2020-01-04)
         
     | 
| 
       51 
     | 
    
         
            -
              - [Added](#added- 
     | 
| 
      
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     | 
    
         
            +
              - [Added](#added-21)
         
     | 
| 
       52 
66 
     | 
    
         
             
            - [0.4.0 (2020-01-03)](#040-2020-01-03)
         
     | 
| 
       53 
     | 
    
         
            -
              - [Added](#added- 
     | 
| 
      
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     | 
    
         
            +
              - [Added](#added-22)
         
     | 
| 
       54 
68 
     | 
    
         
             
            - [0.3.0 (2020-01-03)](#030-2020-01-03)
         
     | 
| 
       55 
     | 
    
         
            -
              - [Added](#added- 
     | 
| 
       56 
     | 
    
         
            -
              - [Breaking Changes](#breaking-changes- 
     | 
| 
      
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     | 
    
         
            +
              - [Added](#added-23)
         
     | 
| 
      
 70 
     | 
    
         
            +
              - [Breaking Changes](#breaking-changes-4)
         
     | 
| 
       57 
71 
     | 
    
         
             
            - [0.2.0 (2020-01-02)](#020-2020-01-02)
         
     | 
| 
       58 
     | 
    
         
            -
              - [Added](#added- 
     | 
| 
      
 72 
     | 
    
         
            +
              - [Added](#added-24)
         
     | 
| 
       59 
73 
     | 
    
         
             
            - [0.1.0 (2019-12-26)](#010-2019-12-26)
         
     | 
| 
       60 
     | 
    
         
            -
              - [Added](#added- 
     | 
| 
      
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     | 
    
         
            +
              - [Added](#added-25)
         
     | 
| 
       61 
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     | 
    
         | 
| 
       62 
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     | 
    
         
             
            ## Unreleased
         
     | 
| 
       63 
77 
     | 
    
         | 
| 
         @@ -69,6 +83,450 @@ This project follows [semver 2.0.0](http://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html) and the 
     | 
|
| 
       69 
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     | 
    
         
             
            ### Fixed
         
     | 
| 
       70 
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     | 
    
         
             
            -->
         
     | 
| 
       71 
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     | 
    
         | 
| 
      
 86 
     | 
    
         
            +
            5.3.0 (2021-03-23)
         
     | 
| 
      
 87 
     | 
    
         
            +
            ------------------
         
     | 
| 
      
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     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 89 
     | 
    
         
            +
            ### Added
         
     | 
| 
      
 90 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 91 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#53](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/53) - Allow `Kind::Result#map` and `Kind::Result#map!` receive a callable as an argument.
         
     | 
| 
      
 92 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 93 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#53](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/53) - Add `|` and `>>` as an alias of `Kind::Result#map!`.
         
     | 
| 
      
 94 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 95 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#53](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/53) - Add step adapters for `Kind::Action` and `Kind::Functional::Action`. This is the list of methods: `Step`, `Map`, `Try`, `Tee`, `Check`.
         
     | 
| 
      
 96 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```ruby
         
     | 
| 
      
 97 
     | 
    
         
            +
              module CreateUser
         
     | 
| 
      
 98 
     | 
    
         
            +
                extend Kind::Functional::Action
         
     | 
| 
      
 99 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 100 
     | 
    
         
            +
                def call!(input)
         
     | 
| 
      
 101 
     | 
    
         
            +
                  Step!(:validate, input) \
         
     | 
| 
      
 102 
     | 
    
         
            +
                    | Step(:create)
         
     | 
| 
      
 103 
     | 
    
         
            +
                end
         
     | 
| 
      
 104 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 105 
     | 
    
         
            +
                private
         
     | 
| 
      
 106 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 107 
     | 
    
         
            +
                def validate(input)
         
     | 
| 
      
 108 
     | 
    
         
            +
                  # returns Success(valid_data) or Failure(validation)
         
     | 
| 
      
 109 
     | 
    
         
            +
                end
         
     | 
| 
      
 110 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 111 
     | 
    
         
            +
                def create(input)
         
     | 
| 
      
 112 
     | 
    
         
            +
                  # returns Success(user)
         
     | 
| 
      
 113 
     | 
    
         
            +
                end
         
     | 
| 
      
 114 
     | 
    
         
            +
              end
         
     | 
| 
      
 115 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```
         
     | 
| 
      
 116 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 117 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#53](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/53) - Add `kind/strict/disabled` to turn off all of the strict validations and optimize the runtime. Use case: As strict validation is useful in development, this mechanism could be used to optimize the runtime in production. List of methods that will be disabled:
         
     | 
| 
      
 118 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `Kind.of()`
         
     | 
| 
      
 119 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `Kind.of_class()`
         
     | 
| 
      
 120 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `Kind.of_module()`
         
     | 
| 
      
 121 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `Kind.of_module_or_class()`
         
     | 
| 
      
 122 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `Kind::<Type>[1]`
         
     | 
| 
      
 123 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `Kind::NotNil[1]`
         
     | 
| 
      
 124 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 125 
     | 
    
         
            +
            5.2.0 (2021-03-17)
         
     | 
| 
      
 126 
     | 
    
         
            +
            ------------------
         
     | 
| 
      
 127 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 128 
     | 
    
         
            +
            ### Added
         
     | 
| 
      
 129 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 130 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind.respond_to?`. This method has two different behaviors, when it receives just one argument it will behave like the native Ruby's
         
     | 
| 
      
 131 
     | 
    
         
            +
             `respond_to?` method, that is, it will check if the `Kind` method implements some method. But if it receives two arguments, the first one will be the object, and the others (one or more) will be a list of method names that will be used to check if the given object implements them. e.g.
         
     | 
| 
      
 132 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```ruby
         
     | 
| 
      
 133 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind.respond_to?(:is?)  # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 134 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 135 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind.respond_to?(:foo?) # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 136 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 137 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # --
         
     | 
| 
      
 138 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 139 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind.respond_to?({}, :fetch, :merge) # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 140 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 141 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind.respond_to?([], :fetch, :merge) # false
         
     | 
| 
      
 142 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```
         
     | 
| 
      
 143 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 144 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind::UnionType`. This class allows the creation of an object that knows how to compare a value through different kinds of types. e.g.
         
     | 
| 
      
 145 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```ruby
         
     | 
| 
      
 146 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # The method [] can build a union type object that will have the method #|
         
     | 
| 
      
 147 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # which allows the composition with other object kinds.
         
     | 
| 
      
 148 
     | 
    
         
            +
              array_or_hash = Kind::UnionType[Array] | Hash
         
     | 
| 
      
 149 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 150 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # The method === can verify if a given value is one of the kinds that compounds the union type.
         
     | 
| 
      
 151 
     | 
    
         
            +
              array_or_hash === {}  # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 152 
     | 
    
         
            +
              array_or_hash === []  # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 153 
     | 
    
         
            +
              array_or_hash === 1   # false
         
     | 
| 
      
 154 
     | 
    
         
            +
              array_or_hash === nil # false
         
     | 
| 
      
 155 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 156 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # The method #[] will return the given value if it has one of the expected kinds,
         
     | 
| 
      
 157 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # but if not, it will raise a Kind::Error.
         
     | 
| 
      
 158 
     | 
    
         
            +
              array_or_hash[{}] # {}
         
     | 
| 
      
 159 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 160 
     | 
    
         
            +
              array_or_hash[1]  # Kind::Error (1 expected to be a kind of (Array | Hash))
         
     | 
| 
      
 161 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 162 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # At last, the method #name is an alias to the method #inspect.
         
     | 
| 
      
 163 
     | 
    
         
            +
              array_or_hash.name    # "(Array | Hash)"
         
     | 
| 
      
 164 
     | 
    
         
            +
              array_or_hash.inspect # "(Array | Hash)"
         
     | 
| 
      
 165 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```
         
     | 
| 
      
 166 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 167 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind::Nil`. This module was added to be used to create union types. e.g.
         
     | 
| 
      
 168 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```ruby
         
     | 
| 
      
 169 
     | 
    
         
            +
              hash_or_nil = Kind::UnionType[Hash] | Kind::Nil
         
     | 
| 
      
 170 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 171 
     | 
    
         
            +
              hash_or_nil === {}  # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 172 
     | 
    
         
            +
              hash_or_nil === []  # false
         
     | 
| 
      
 173 
     | 
    
         
            +
              hash_or_nil === 1   # false
         
     | 
| 
      
 174 
     | 
    
         
            +
              hash_or_nil === nil # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 175 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```
         
     | 
| 
      
 176 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 177 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46), [#47](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/47) - Add `Kind::NotNil`. This module was added to perform a strict verification where the given value will be returned if it is not nil, and if not, a `Kind::Error` will be raised. e.g.
         
     | 
| 
      
 178 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```ruby
         
     | 
| 
      
 179 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::NotNil[1]   # 1
         
     | 
| 
      
 180 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 181 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::NotNil[nil] # Kind::Error (expected to not be nil)
         
     | 
| 
      
 182 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 183 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::NotNil[nil, label: 'Foo#bar'] # Kind::Error (Foo#bar: expected to not be nil)
         
     | 
| 
      
 184 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```
         
     | 
| 
      
 185 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 186 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind::RespondTo` to create objects that know how to verify if a given object implements one or more expected methods.
         
     | 
| 
      
 187 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```ruby
         
     | 
| 
      
 188 
     | 
    
         
            +
              HashLike = Kind::RespondTo[:fetch, :merge!]
         
     | 
| 
      
 189 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Fetchable = Kind::RespondTo[:fetch]
         
     | 
| 
      
 190 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 191 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # Verifying if an object implements the expected interface.
         
     | 
| 
      
 192 
     | 
    
         
            +
              HashLike === ENV # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 193 
     | 
    
         
            +
              HashLike === {}  # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 194 
     | 
    
         
            +
              HashLike === []  # false
         
     | 
| 
      
 195 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 196 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Fetchable === ENV # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 197 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Fetchable === []  # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 198 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Fetchable === {}  # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 199 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 200 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # Performing an strict verification
         
     | 
| 
      
 201 
     | 
    
         
            +
              HashLike[ENV]       # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 202 
     | 
    
         
            +
              HashLike[{}]        # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 203 
     | 
    
         
            +
              HashLike[Array.new] # false Kind::Error ([] expected to be a kind of Kind::RespondTo[:fetch, :merge!])
         
     | 
| 
      
 204 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 205 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # Creating union types using interfaces
         
     | 
| 
      
 206 
     | 
    
         
            +
              HashLikeOrArray = HashLike | Array # Kind::RespondTo[:fetch, :merge!] | Array
         
     | 
| 
      
 207 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 208 
     | 
    
         
            +
              HashLikeOrArray === {}  # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 209 
     | 
    
         
            +
              HashLikeOrArray === []  # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 210 
     | 
    
         
            +
              HashLikeOrArray === ENV # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 211 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```
         
     | 
| 
      
 212 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 213 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Unfreeze the output of `Kind::Boolean.kind`.
         
     | 
| 
      
 214 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 215 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Freeze `Kind::UNDEFINED` and define its inspect method.
         
     | 
| 
      
 216 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 217 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind::TypeChecker#|` to allow the creation of union types.
         
     | 
| 
      
 218 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```ruby
         
     | 
| 
      
 219 
     | 
    
         
            +
              StatusLabel = Kind::String | Kind::Symbol
         
     | 
| 
      
 220 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 221 
     | 
    
         
            +
              StatusLabel === :ok  # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 222 
     | 
    
         
            +
              StatusLabel === 'ok' # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 223 
     | 
    
         
            +
              StatusLabel === true # false
         
     | 
| 
      
 224 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```
         
     | 
| 
      
 225 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 226 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Allow `Kind.of()` and `Kind::TypeChecker#[]` receive a label.
         
     | 
| 
      
 227 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```ruby
         
     | 
| 
      
 228 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # Kind.of(<Type>, value, label:)
         
     | 
| 
      
 229 
     | 
    
         
            +
              class Person
         
     | 
| 
      
 230 
     | 
    
         
            +
                attr_reader :name
         
     | 
| 
      
 231 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 232 
     | 
    
         
            +
                def initialize(name:)
         
     | 
| 
      
 233 
     | 
    
         
            +
                  @name = Kind.of(String, name, label: 'Person#name')
         
     | 
| 
      
 234 
     | 
    
         
            +
                end
         
     | 
| 
      
 235 
     | 
    
         
            +
              end
         
     | 
| 
      
 236 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 237 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Person.new(name: 'Rodrigo') # #<Person:0x0000... @name="Rodrigo">
         
     | 
| 
      
 238 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Person.new(name: :ok)       # Kind::Error (Person#name: :ok expected to be a kind of String)
         
     | 
| 
      
 239 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 240 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # Kind<Type>[value, label:]
         
     | 
| 
      
 241 
     | 
    
         
            +
              class User
         
     | 
| 
      
 242 
     | 
    
         
            +
                attr_reader :name
         
     | 
| 
      
 243 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 244 
     | 
    
         
            +
                def initialize(name:)
         
     | 
| 
      
 245 
     | 
    
         
            +
                  @name = Kind::String[name, label: 'User#name']
         
     | 
| 
      
 246 
     | 
    
         
            +
                end
         
     | 
| 
      
 247 
     | 
    
         
            +
              end
         
     | 
| 
      
 248 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 249 
     | 
    
         
            +
              User.new(name: 'Rodrigo') # #<User:0x0000... @name="Rodrigo">
         
     | 
| 
      
 250 
     | 
    
         
            +
              User.new(name: :ok)       # Kind::Error (User#name: :ok expected to be a kind of String)
         
     | 
| 
      
 251 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```
         
     | 
| 
      
 252 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 253 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Create `kind/basic` to expose a small set of features to do type handling/verification. This is util if you want to make use only of these features instead of all of the others that are loaded via `require "kind"`. So, use `require "kind/basic"` if you only want these features:
         
     | 
| 
      
 254 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `Kind.is?`
         
     | 
| 
      
 255 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `Kind.of`
         
     | 
| 
      
 256 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `Kind.of?`
         
     | 
| 
      
 257 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `Kind.of_class?`
         
     | 
| 
      
 258 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `Kind.of_module?`
         
     | 
| 
      
 259 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `Kind.of_module_or_class`
         
     | 
| 
      
 260 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `Kind.respond_to`
         
     | 
| 
      
 261 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `Kind.respond_to?`
         
     | 
| 
      
 262 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `Kind.value`
         
     | 
| 
      
 263 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `Kind::Error`
         
     | 
| 
      
 264 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `Kind::Undefined`
         
     | 
| 
      
 265 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 266 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Improve `Kind::Maybe`.
         
     | 
| 
      
 267 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * Improve the `#inspect` output.
         
     | 
| 
      
 268 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * Make `Kind::Maybe.{new,[],wrap}` return `None` if they receive an exception instance.
         
     | 
| 
      
 269 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * Add `#accept` as an alias of `#check` method.
         
     | 
| 
      
 270 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * Add `#reject` as the reverse of the methods `#check` and `#accept`.
         
     | 
| 
      
 271 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * Allow the methods `#map`, `#map!`, `#then`, `#then!`, `#check`, `#accept`, `#reject` to receive one symbol as an argument, it will be used to perform the correspondent method in the `Maybe` value, so if the object responds to the expected method a `Some` will be returned.
         
     | 
| 
      
 272 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * Add `Kind::Maybe#on`, this method allows you to use a block where will be possible to define a `Some` or `None` handling. The output of the matched result (some or none) will be the block's output.
         
     | 
| 
      
 273 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```ruby
         
     | 
| 
      
 274 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # Kind::Maybe#accept (an alias of Kind::Maybe#check)
         
     | 
| 
      
 275 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::Maybe[1].accept(&:odd?)  # #<Kind::Some value=1>
         
     | 
| 
      
 276 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::Maybe[1].accept(&:even?) # #<Kind::None value=nil>
         
     | 
| 
      
 277 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 278 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # Kind::Maybe#reject (the reverse of Kind::Maybe#check)
         
     | 
| 
      
 279 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::Maybe[1].reject(&:odd?)  # #<Kind::None value=nil>
         
     | 
| 
      
 280 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::Maybe[1].reject(&:even?) # #<Kind::Some value=1>
         
     | 
| 
      
 281 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 282 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # Passing one symbol as an argument of the methods: `#map`, `#then`, `#check`, `#accept`, `#reject`
         
     | 
| 
      
 283 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::Maybe['1'].map(:to_i)   # #<Kind::Some value=1>
         
     | 
| 
      
 284 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::Maybe[' '].then(:strip) # #<Kind::Some value="">
         
     | 
| 
      
 285 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 286 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::Maybe['1'].map!(:to_i).accept(:odd?)     # #<Kind::Some value=1>
         
     | 
| 
      
 287 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::Maybe[' '].then!(:strip).reject(:empty?) # #<Kind::None value=nil>
         
     | 
| 
      
 288 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 289 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # `Kind::Maybe#on` making use of a block to handle Some or None results.
         
     | 
| 
      
 290 
     | 
    
         
            +
              number = Kind::Maybe['2'].then(:to_i).reject(:even?).on do |result|
         
     | 
| 
      
 291 
     | 
    
         
            +
                result.none { 0 }
         
     | 
| 
      
 292 
     | 
    
         
            +
                result.some { 1 }
         
     | 
| 
      
 293 
     | 
    
         
            +
              end
         
     | 
| 
      
 294 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 295 
     | 
    
         
            +
              p number # 0
         
     | 
| 
      
 296 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```
         
     | 
| 
      
 297 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 298 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind::Either` (either monad). This is basically the same as the `Maybe` monad, but with `Some` called `Right` and `None` called `Left`. But this time, `Left` is also allowed to have an underlying value. This module isn't loaded by default, so you will need to require it.
         
     | 
| 
      
 299 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```ruby
         
     | 
| 
      
 300 
     | 
    
         
            +
              require 'kind/either'
         
     | 
| 
      
 301 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 302 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # Use the methods Kind::Left() or Kind::Right() to create either monads
         
     | 
| 
      
 303 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::Left(0)  # #<Kind::Left value=0>
         
     | 
| 
      
 304 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::Right(1) # #<Kind::Right value=1>
         
     | 
| 
      
 305 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 306 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # The Kind::Either.new() or Kind::Either[] also creates a Kind::Right monad
         
     | 
| 
      
 307 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::Either.new(2) # #<Kind::Right value=2>
         
     | 
| 
      
 308 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::Either[3]     # #<Kind::Right value=3>
         
     | 
| 
      
 309 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 310 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # An Either has methods that allow you to know what kind it is.
         
     | 
| 
      
 311 
     | 
    
         
            +
              monad = Kind::Right(1)
         
     | 
| 
      
 312 
     | 
    
         
            +
              monad.right? # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 313 
     | 
    
         
            +
              monad.left?  # false
         
     | 
| 
      
 314 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 315 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # This monad allows you to chain a sequence of operations that will continue while the output
         
     | 
| 
      
 316 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # of each step is a Right monad. So, if some step return a Left, all of the next steps will be avoided.
         
     | 
| 
      
 317 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # Let's see an example of how you can use the method #map to define a sequence of operations.
         
     | 
| 
      
 318 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 319 
     | 
    
         
            +
              def do_some_calculation(arg)
         
     | 
| 
      
 320 
     | 
    
         
            +
                Kind::Right(arg)
         
     | 
| 
      
 321 
     | 
    
         
            +
                  .map { |value| Kind::Numeric?(value) ? Kind::Right(value + 2) : Kind::Left('value must be numeric') }
         
     | 
| 
      
 322 
     | 
    
         
            +
                  .map { |value| value.odd? ? Kind::Right(value) : Kind::Left('value can\'t be even') }
         
     | 
| 
      
 323 
     | 
    
         
            +
                  .map { |value| Kind::Right(value * 3) }
         
     | 
| 
      
 324 
     | 
    
         
            +
              end
         
     | 
| 
      
 325 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 326 
     | 
    
         
            +
              do_some_calculation('1') # #<Kind::Left value="value must be numeric">
         
     | 
| 
      
 327 
     | 
    
         
            +
              do_some_calculation(2)   # #<Kind::Left value="value can't be even">
         
     | 
| 
      
 328 
     | 
    
         
            +
              do_some_calculation(1)   # #<Kind::Right value=9>
         
     | 
| 
      
 329 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 330 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # You can use procs/lambdas as an alternative of blocks
         
     | 
| 
      
 331 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Add = ->(a, b) do
         
     | 
| 
      
 332 
     | 
    
         
            +
                return Kind::Right(a + b) if Kind::Numeric?(a, b)
         
     | 
| 
      
 333 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 334 
     | 
    
         
            +
                Kind::Left('the arguments must be numerics')
         
     | 
| 
      
 335 
     | 
    
         
            +
              end
         
     | 
| 
      
 336 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 337 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Double = ->(number) do
         
     | 
| 
      
 338 
     | 
    
         
            +
                return Kind::Right(number * 2) if Kind::Numeric?(number)
         
     | 
| 
      
 339 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 340 
     | 
    
         
            +
                Kind::Left('the argument must be numeric')
         
     | 
| 
      
 341 
     | 
    
         
            +
              end
         
     | 
| 
      
 342 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 343 
     | 
    
         
            +
              AsString = ->(value) { Kind::Right(value.to_s) }
         
     | 
| 
      
 344 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 345 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Add.(1, 2).map(&Double).map(&Double)   # #<Kind::Right value=12>
         
     | 
| 
      
 346 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Add.(1, 2).map(&AsString).map(&Double) # #<Kind::Left value="the argument must be numeric">
         
     | 
| 
      
 347 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 348 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # The method #then is an alias for #map
         
     | 
| 
      
 349 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Add.(2, 2).then(&Double).then(&AsString) # #<Kind::Right value="8">
         
     | 
| 
      
 350 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 351 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # An exception will occur when your block or lambda doesn't return a Kind::Either
         
     | 
| 
      
 352 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Add.(2, 2).map { |number| number * 2 } # Kind::Monad::Error (8 expected to be a kind of Kind::Right | Kind::Left)
         
     | 
| 
      
 353 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 354 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # The methods #map, #then auto handle StandardError exceptions,
         
     | 
| 
      
 355 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # so Left will be returned when an exception occur.
         
     | 
| 
      
 356 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Add.(0, 0).map { |number| Kind::Right(10 / number) } # #<Kind::Left value=#<ZeroDivisionError: divided by 0>>
         
     | 
| 
      
 357 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 358 
     | 
    
         
            +
              # You can use #map! or #then! if you don't want this auto exception handling.
         
     | 
| 
      
 359 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Add.(0, 0).map! { |number| Kind::Right(10 / number) }  # ZeroDivisionError (divided by 0)
         
     | 
| 
      
 360 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 361 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Add.(0, 0).then! { |number| Kind::Right(10 / number) } # ZeroDivisionError (divided by 0)
         
     | 
| 
      
 362 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```
         
     | 
| 
      
 363 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 364 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind::Result` (an Either monad variation)
         
     | 
| 
      
 365 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 366 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind::Function`.
         
     | 
| 
      
 367 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 368 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind::Functional`.
         
     | 
| 
      
 369 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 370 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind::Try.presence` and improve the input/output handling of `Kind::Try.call`.
         
     | 
| 
      
 371 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 372 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind::Dig.presence` and improve the input/output handling of `Kind::Dig.call`.
         
     | 
| 
      
 373 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 374 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#47](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/47) - Add `Kind.is!`
         
     | 
| 
      
 375 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 376 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#47](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/47) - Create aliases to the methods `Kind.of` (`Kind.of!`) and `Kind.respond_to` (`Kind.respond_to!`)
         
     | 
| 
      
 377 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 378 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#47](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/47) - Add `Kind[]` as the `Kind::Of()` substitute.
         
     | 
| 
      
 379 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 380 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#49](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/49) - Add `Kind::Either::Methods` and `Kind::Result::Methods`
         
     | 
| 
      
 381 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 382 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#49](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/49) - Add `Kind::Undefined.empty?`
         
     | 
| 
      
 383 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 384 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#50](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/50) - Add `Kind::<Type>.empty_or` as an alias of `Kind::<Type>.value_or_empty`
         
     | 
| 
      
 385 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 386 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46), [#51](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/51) - Add `Kind::Functional::Action`.
         
     | 
| 
      
 387 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 388 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#51](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/51) - Add `Kind::Action`.
         
     | 
| 
      
 389 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 390 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#51](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/51) - Add `Kind::Maybe::ImmutableAttributes`.
         
     | 
| 
      
 391 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 392 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#51](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/51) - Add `Kind::Maybe::Methods`.
         
     | 
| 
      
 393 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 394 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#51](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/51) - Add `Kind::Enum`.
         
     | 
| 
      
 395 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 396 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#51](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/51) - Modularize all the kind components. So now you can require only the modules/features that do you want, `kind/action` is the minimal requirement for all of them.
         
     | 
| 
      
 397 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `kind/action`
         
     | 
| 
      
 398 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `kind/dig`
         
     | 
| 
      
 399 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `kind/either`
         
     | 
| 
      
 400 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `kind/empty`
         
     | 
| 
      
 401 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `kind/enum`
         
     | 
| 
      
 402 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `kind/function`
         
     | 
| 
      
 403 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `kind/functional`
         
     | 
| 
      
 404 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `kind/functional/action`
         
     | 
| 
      
 405 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `kind/immutable_attributes`
         
     | 
| 
      
 406 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `kind/maybe`
         
     | 
| 
      
 407 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `kind/objects`
         
     | 
| 
      
 408 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `kind/presence`
         
     | 
| 
      
 409 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `kind/result`
         
     | 
| 
      
 410 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `kind/try`
         
     | 
| 
      
 411 
     | 
    
         
            +
              * `kind/validator`
         
     | 
| 
      
 412 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 413 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#52](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/52) - Improve `Kind::Validator`, now will be possible to make use of `lambdas` or objects that responds to `.===` and `.name` to perform a kind validation. e.g.
         
     | 
| 
      
 414 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```ruby
         
     | 
| 
      
 415 
     | 
    
         
            +
              class User
         
     | 
| 
      
 416 
     | 
    
         
            +
                include ActiveModel::Validations
         
     | 
| 
      
 417 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 418 
     | 
    
         
            +
                attr_reader :name, :bool
         
     | 
| 
      
 419 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 420 
     | 
    
         
            +
                FilledString = ->(value) { value.kind_of?(String) && !value.empty? }
         
     | 
| 
      
 421 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 422 
     | 
    
         
            +
                Bool = Object.new
         
     | 
| 
      
 423 
     | 
    
         
            +
                def Bool.===(value)
         
     | 
| 
      
 424 
     | 
    
         
            +
                  value == true || value == false
         
     | 
| 
      
 425 
     | 
    
         
            +
                end
         
     | 
| 
      
 426 
     | 
    
         
            +
                def Bool.name; 'Bool'; end
         
     | 
| 
      
 427 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 428 
     | 
    
         
            +
                validates :name, kind: FilledString
         
     | 
| 
      
 429 
     | 
    
         
            +
                validates :bool, kind: Bool
         
     | 
| 
      
 430 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 431 
     | 
    
         
            +
                def initialize(name:, bool:)
         
     | 
| 
      
 432 
     | 
    
         
            +
                  @name, @bool = name, bool
         
     | 
| 
      
 433 
     | 
    
         
            +
                end
         
     | 
| 
      
 434 
     | 
    
         
            +
              end
         
     | 
| 
      
 435 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 436 
     | 
    
         
            +
              user = User.new(name: '', bool: 1)
         
     | 
| 
      
 437 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 438 
     | 
    
         
            +
              user.valid?        # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 439 
     | 
    
         
            +
              user.errors[:name] # ['invalid kind']
         
     | 
| 
      
 440 
     | 
    
         
            +
              user.errors[:bool] # ['must be a kind of Bool']
         
     | 
| 
      
 441 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 442 
     | 
    
         
            +
              User.new(name: 'Serradura', bool: true).valid? # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 443 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```
         
     | 
| 
      
 444 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 445 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#52](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/52) - Add `Kind::Enum.===`.
         
     | 
| 
      
 446 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 447 
     | 
    
         
            +
            ### Deprecated
         
     | 
| 
      
 448 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 449 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#47](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/47) - Deprecate `Kind.is` and `Kind::Of()`.
         
     | 
| 
      
 450 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 451 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#48](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/48) - Deprecate `Kind::Maybe()` and `Kind::Optional()`
         
     | 
| 
      
 452 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 453 
     | 
    
         
            +
            ### Changes
         
     | 
| 
      
 454 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 455 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#48](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/48) - Rename `Kind::TypeChecker` to `Kind::Object` and `Kind::TypeChecker::Object` to `Kind::Object::Instance`.
         
     | 
| 
      
 456 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 457 
     | 
    
         
            +
            [⬆️  Back to Top](#changelog-)
         
     | 
| 
      
 458 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 459 
     | 
    
         
            +
            5.1.0 (2021-02-23)
         
     | 
| 
      
 460 
     | 
    
         
            +
            ------------------
         
     | 
| 
      
 461 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 462 
     | 
    
         
            +
            ### Added
         
     | 
| 
      
 463 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 464 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#45](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/45) - Add support to Ruby `>= 2.1.0`.
         
     | 
| 
      
 465 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 466 
     | 
    
         
            +
            ### Deprecated
         
     | 
| 
      
 467 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 468 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#45](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/45) - `kind/active_model/validation` is deprecated; use `kind/validator` instead.
         
     | 
| 
      
 469 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 470 
     | 
    
         
            +
            5.0.0 (2021-02-22)
         
     | 
| 
      
 471 
     | 
    
         
            +
            ------------------
         
     | 
| 
      
 472 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 473 
     | 
    
         
            +
            ### Breaking Changes
         
     | 
| 
      
 474 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 475 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#44](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/44) - Now, do you need to require `"kind/empty/constant"` to define the constant `Empty` as a `Kind::Empty` alias.
         
     | 
| 
      
 476 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 477 
     | 
    
         
            +
            ### Removed
         
     | 
| 
      
 478 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 479 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#44](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/44) - Remove `Kind::Is.call`
         
     | 
| 
      
 480 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 481 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#44](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/44) - Remove `Kind::Of.call`
         
     | 
| 
      
 482 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 483 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#44](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/44) - Remove `Kind::Types.add`.
         
     | 
| 
      
 484 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 485 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#44](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/44) - Remove `Kind::Of::<Type>` and `Kind::Is::<Type>` modules.
         
     | 
| 
      
 486 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 487 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#44](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/44) - Remove `Kind::Checker`, `Kind::Checker::Protocol`, `Kind::Checker::Factory`.
         
     | 
| 
      
 488 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 489 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#44](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/44) - Remove the invocation of `Kind.is` without arguments.
         
     | 
| 
      
 490 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 491 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#44](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/44) - Remove the invocation of `Kind.of` without arguments.
         
     | 
| 
      
 492 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 493 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#44](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/44) - Remove the invocation of `Kind.of` with a single argument (the kind).
         
     | 
| 
      
 494 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 495 
     | 
    
         
            +
            4.1.0 (2021-02-22)
         
     | 
| 
      
 496 
     | 
    
         
            +
            ------------------
         
     | 
| 
      
 497 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 498 
     | 
    
         
            +
            ### Added
         
     | 
| 
      
 499 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 500 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#43](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/43) - Make `Kind::Maybe::Typed` verify the kind of the value via `===`, because of this, now is possible to use type checkers in typed Maybes.
         
     | 
| 
      
 501 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```ruby
         
     | 
| 
      
 502 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::Maybe(Kind::Boolean).wrap(nil).value_or(false)  # false
         
     | 
| 
      
 503 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 504 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::Maybe(Kind::Boolean).wrap(true).value_or(false) # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 505 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```
         
     | 
| 
      
 506 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 507 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#43](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/43) - Add `Kind::<Type>.maybe` and `Kind::<Type>.optional`. This method returns a typed Maybe with the expected kind when it is invoked without arguments. But, if it receives arguments, it will behave like the `Kind::Maybe.wrap` method. e.g.
         
     | 
| 
      
 508 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```ruby
         
     | 
| 
      
 509 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::Integer.maybe #<Kind::Maybe::Typed:0x0000... @kind=Kind::Integer>
         
     | 
| 
      
 510 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 511 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::Integer.maybe(0).some?               # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 512 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::Integer.maybe { 1 }.some?            # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 513 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::Integer.maybe(2) { |n| n * 2 }.some? # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 514 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 515 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::Integer.maybe { 2 / 0 }.none?          # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 516 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::Integer.maybe(2) { |n| n / 0 }.none?   # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 517 
     | 
    
         
            +
              Kind::Integer.maybe('2') { |n| n * n }.none? # true
         
     | 
| 
      
 518 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```
         
     | 
| 
      
 519 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 520 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#43](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/43) - Make the `:respond_to` kind validation verify by one or multiple methods. e.g.
         
     | 
| 
      
 521 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```ruby
         
     | 
| 
      
 522 
     | 
    
         
            +
              validates :params, kind: { respond_to: [:[], :values_at] }
         
     | 
| 
      
 523 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```
         
     | 
| 
      
 524 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
      
 525 
     | 
    
         
            +
            * [#43](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/43) - Make the `:of` kind validation verify the expected value kind using `===`, because of this, now is possible to use type checkers as expected kinds. e.g.
         
     | 
| 
      
 526 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```ruby
         
     | 
| 
      
 527 
     | 
    
         
            +
              validates :alive, kind: Kind::Boolean
         
     | 
| 
      
 528 
     | 
    
         
            +
              ```
         
     | 
| 
      
 529 
     | 
    
         
            +
             
     | 
| 
       72 
530 
     | 
    
         
             
            4.0.0 (2021-02-22)
         
     | 
| 
       73 
531 
     | 
    
         
             
            ------------------
         
     | 
| 
       74 
532 
     | 
    
         |