json-ld 3.2.4 → 3.3.0

data/spec/to_rdf_spec.rb

@@ -1,1684 +0,0 @@
-# coding: utf-8
-require_relative 'spec_helper'
-
-describe JSON::LD::API do
-  let(:logger) {RDF::Spec.logger}
-
-  context ".toRdf" do
-    it "should implement RDF::Enumerable" do
-      expect(JSON::LD::API.toRdf({})).to be_a(RDF::Enumerable)
-    end
-
-    context "unnamed nodes" do
-      {
-        "no @id" => [
-          %q({
-            "http://example.com/foo": "bar"
-          }),
-          %q([ <http://example.com/foo> "bar"^^xsd:string] .)
-        ],
-        "@id with _:a" => [
-          %q({
-            "@id": "_:a",
-            "http://example.com/foo": "bar"
-          }),
-          %q([ <http://example.com/foo> "bar"^^xsd:string] .)
-        ],
-        "@id with _:a and reference" => [
-          %q({
-            "@id": "_:a",
-            "http://example.com/foo": {"@id": "_:a"}
-          }),
-          %q(_:a <http://example.com/foo> _:a .)
-        ],
-      }.each do |title, (js, ttl)|
-        it title do
-          ttl = "@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . #{ttl}"
-          expect(parse(js)).to be_equivalent_graph(ttl, logger: logger, inputDocument: js)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "nodes with @id" do
-      {
-        "with IRI" => [
-          %q({
-            "@id": "http://example.com/a",
-            "http://example.com/foo": "bar"
-          }),
-          %q(<http://example.com/a> <http://example.com/foo> "bar" .)
-        ],
-      }.each do |title, (js, ttl)|
-        it title do
-          ttl = "@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . #{ttl}"
-          expect(parse(js)).to be_equivalent_graph(ttl, logger: logger, inputDocument: js)
-        end
-      end
-      
-      context "with relative IRIs" do
-        {
-          "base" => [
-            %({
-              "@id": "",
-              "@type": "#{RDF::RDFS.Resource}"
-            }),
-            %(<http://example.org/> a <#{RDF::RDFS.Resource}> .)
-          ],
-          "relative" => [
-            %({
-              "@id": "a/b",
-              "@type": "#{RDF::RDFS.Resource}"
-            }),
-            %(<http://example.org/a/b> a <#{RDF::RDFS.Resource}> .)
-          ],
-          "hash" => [
-            %({
-              "@id": "#a",
-              "@type": "#{RDF::RDFS.Resource}"
-            }),
-            %(<http://example.org/#a> a <#{RDF::RDFS.Resource}> .)
-          ],
-        }.each do |title, (js, ttl)|
-          it title do
-            ttl = "@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . #{ttl}"
-            expect(parse(js, base: "http://example.org/")).to be_equivalent_graph(ttl, logger: logger, inputDocument: js)
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "typed nodes" do
-      {
-        "one type" => [
-          %q({
-            "@type": "http://example.com/foo"
-          }),
-          %q([ a <http://example.com/foo> ] .)
-        ],
-        "two types" => [
-          %q({
-            "@type": ["http://example.com/foo", "http://example.com/baz"]
-          }),
-          %q([ a <http://example.com/foo>, <http://example.com/baz> ] .)
-        ],
-        "blank node type" => [
-          %q({
-            "@type": "_:foo"
-          }),
-          %q([ a _:foo ] .)
-        ]
-      }.each do |title, (js, ttl)|
-        it title do
-          ttl = "@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . #{ttl}"
-          expect(parse(js)).to be_equivalent_graph(ttl, logger: logger, inputDocument: js)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "key/value" do
-      {
-        "string" => [
-          %q({
-            "http://example.com/foo": "bar"
-          }),
-          %q([ <http://example.com/foo> "bar"^^xsd:string ] .)
-        ],
-        "strings" => [
-          %q({
-            "http://example.com/foo": ["bar", "baz"]
-          }),
-          %q([ <http://example.com/foo> "bar"^^xsd:string, "baz"^^xsd:string ] .)
-        ],
-        "IRI" => [
-          %q({
-            "http://example.com/foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/bar"}
-          }),
-          %q([ <http://example.com/foo> <http://example.com/bar> ] .)
-        ],
-        "IRIs" => [
-          %q({
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@id": "http://example.com/bar"}, {"@id": "http://example.com/baz"}]
-          }),
-          %q([ <http://example.com/foo> <http://example.com/bar>, <http://example.com/baz> ] .)
-        ],
-      }.each do |title, (js, ttl)|
-        it title do
-          ttl = "@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . #{ttl}"
-          expect(parse(js)).to be_equivalent_graph(ttl, logger: logger, inputDocument: js)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "literals" do
-      {
-        "plain literal" =>
-        [
-          %q({"@id": "http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me", "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Gregg Kellogg"}),
-          %q(<http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Gregg Kellogg" .)
-        ],
-        "explicit plain literal" =>
-        [
-          %q({"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": {"@value": "Gregg Kellogg"}}),
-          %q(_:a <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Gregg Kellogg"^^xsd:string .)
-        ],
-        "language tagged literal" =>
-        [
-          %q({"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": {"@value": "A plain literal with a lang tag.", "@language": "en-us"}}),
-          %q(_:a <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "A plain literal with a lang tag."@en-us .)
-        ],
-        "I18N literal with language" =>
-        [
-          %q([{
-            "@id": "http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me",
-            "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows": {"@id": "http://www.ivan-herman.net/foaf#me"}
-          },{
-            "@id": "http://www.ivan-herman.net/foaf#me",
-            "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": {"@value": "Herman Iván", "@language": "hu"}
-          }]),
-          %q(
-            <http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows> <http://www.ivan-herman.net/foaf#me> .
-            <http://www.ivan-herman.net/foaf#me> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Herman Iv\u00E1n"@hu .
-          )
-        ],
-        "explicit datatyped literal" =>
-        [
-          %q({
-            "@id":  "http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me",
-            "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created":  {"@value": "1957-02-27", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date"}
-          }),
-          %q(
-            <http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/created> "1957-02-27"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date> .
-          )
-        ],
-      }.each do |title, (js, ttl)|
-        it title do
-          ttl = "@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . #{ttl}"
-          expect(parse(js)).to be_equivalent_graph(ttl, logger: logger, inputDocument: js)
-        end
-      end
-
-      context "with @type: @json" do
-        {
-          "true": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#bool", "@type": "@json"}
-              },
-              "e": true
-            }),
-            output:%(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              [ex:bool "true"^^rdf:JSON] .
-            )
-          },
-          "false": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#bool", "@type": "@json"}
-              },
-              "e": false
-            }),
-            output: %(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              [ex:bool "false"^^rdf:JSON] .
-            )
-          },
-          "double": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#double", "@type": "@json"}
-              },
-              "e": 1.23
-            }),
-            output: %(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              [ex:double "1.23"^^rdf:JSON] .
-            )
-          },
-          "double-zero": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#double", "@type": "@json"}
-              },
-              "e": 0
-            }),
-            output: %(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              [ex:double "0"^^rdf:JSON] .
-            )
-          },
-          "integer": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#integer", "@type": "@json"}
-              },
-              "e": 123
-            }),
-            output: %(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              [ex:integer "123"^^rdf:JSON] .
-            )
-          },
-          "string": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#string", "@type": "@json"}
-              },
-              "e": "string"
-            }),
-            output: %(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              [ex:string "\\"string\\""^^rdf:JSON] .
-            )
-          },
-          "null": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#null", "@type": "@json"}
-              },
-              "e": null
-            }),
-            output: %(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              [ex:null "null"^^rdf:JSON] .
-            )
-          },
-          "object": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#object", "@type": "@json"}
-              },
-              "e": {"foo": "bar"}
-            }),
-            output: %(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              [ex:object """{"foo":"bar"}"""^^rdf:JSON] .
-            )
-          },
-          "array": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#array", "@type": "@json"}
-              },
-              "e": [{"foo": "bar"}]
-            }),
-            output: %(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              [ex:array """[{"foo":"bar"}]"""^^rdf:JSON] .
-            )
-          },
-          "c14n-arrays": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#c14n", "@type": "@json"}
-              },
-              "e": [
-                56,
-                {
-                  "d": true,
-                  "10": null,
-                  "1": [ ]
-                }
-              ]
-            }),
-            output: %(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              [ex:c14n """[56,{"1":[],"10":null,"d":true}]"""^^rdf:JSON] .
-            )
-          },
-          "c14n-french": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#c14n", "@type": "@json"}
-              },
-              "e": {
-                "peach": "This sorting order",
-                "péché": "is wrong according to French",
-                "pêche": "but canonicalization MUST",
-                "sin":   "ignore locale"
-              }
-            }),
-            output: %(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              [ex:c14n """{"peach":"This sorting order","péché":"is wrong according to French","pêche":"but canonicalization MUST","sin":"ignore locale"}"""^^rdf:JSON] .
-            )
-          },
-          "c14n-structures": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#c14n", "@type": "@json"}
-              },
-              "e": {
-                "1": {"f": {"f": "hi","F": 5} ," ": 56.0},
-                "10": { },
-                "": "empty",
-                "a": { },
-                "111": [ {"e": "yes","E": "no" } ],
-                "A": { }
-              }
-            }),
-            output: %(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              [ex:c14n """{"":"empty","1":{" ":56,"f":{"F":5,"f":"hi"}},"10":{},"111":[{"E":"no","e":"yes"}],"A":{},"a":{}}"""^^rdf:JSON] .
-            )
-          },
-          "c14n-unicode": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#c14n", "@type": "@json"}
-              },
-              "e": {
-                "Unnormalized Unicode":"A\u030a"
-              }
-            }),
-            output: %(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              [ex:c14n """{"Unnormalized Unicode":"Å"}"""^^rdf:JSON] .
-            )
-          },
-        }.each do |title, params|
-          it title do
-            params[:output] = RDF::Graph.new << RDF::Turtle::Reader.new(params[:output])
-            run_to_rdf params
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      context "with xsd: true" do
-        {
-          "true": {
-            input: {
-              "@context" => {
-                "e" => "http://example.org/vocab#e"
-              },
-              "e" => RDF::Literal(true)
-            },
-            output: %(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              [ex:e true] .
-            )
-          },
-          "integer": {
-            input: {
-              "@context" => {
-                "e" => "http://example.org/vocab#e"
-              },
-              "e" => RDF::Literal(1)
-            },
-            output: %(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              [ex:e 1] .
-            )
-          },
-          "decimal": {
-            input: {
-              "@context" => {
-                "e" => "http://example.org/vocab#e"
-              },
-              "e" => RDF::Literal::Decimal.new("1.1")
-            },
-            output: %(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              [ex:e 1.1] .
-            )
-          },
-          "float": {
-            input: {
-              "@context" => {
-                "e" => "http://example.org/vocab#e"
-              },
-              "e" => RDF::Literal.new("1.1e1", datatype: RDF::XSD.float)
-            },
-            output: %(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
-              [ex:e "1.1e1"^^xsd:float] .
-            )
-          },
-          "double": {
-            input: {
-              "@context" => {
-                "e" => "http://example.org/vocab#e"
-              },
-              "e" => RDF::Literal.new("1.1e1", datatype: RDF::XSD.double)
-            },
-            output: %(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
-              [ex:e 1.1e1] .
-            )
-          },
-          "date": {
-            input: {
-              "@context" => {
-                "e" => "http://example.org/vocab#e"
-              },
-              "e" => RDF::Literal.new("2022-08-27", datatype: RDF::XSD.date)
-            },
-            output: %(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
-              [ex:e "2022-08-27"^^xsd:date] .
-            )
-          },
-          "time": {
-            input: {
-              "@context" => {
-                "e" => "http://example.org/vocab#e"
-              },
-              "e" => RDF::Literal.new("12:00:00", datatype: RDF::XSD.time)
-            },
-            output: %(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
-              [ex:e "12:00:00"^^xsd:time] .
-            )
-          },
-          "dateTime": {
-            input: {
-              "@context" => {
-                "e" => "http://example.org/vocab#e"
-              },
-              "e" => RDF::Literal.new("2022-08-27T12:00:00", datatype: RDF::XSD.dateTime)
-            },
-            output: %(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
-              [ex:e "2022-08-27T12:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime] .
-            )
-          },
-          "language": {
-            input: {
-              "@context" => {
-                "e" => "http://example.org/vocab#e"
-              },
-              "e" => RDF::Literal.new("language", language: :"en-us")
-            },
-            output: %(
-              @prefix ex: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
-              [ex:e "language"@en-us] .
-            )
-          },
-        }.each do |title, params|
-          it title do
-            params[:output] = RDF::Graph.new << RDF::Turtle::Reader.new(params[:output])
-            run_to_rdf(params.merge(xsd: true))
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "prefixes" do
-      {
-        "empty suffix" => [
-          %q({"@context": {"prefix": "http://example.com/default#"}, "prefix:": "bar"}),
-          %q(_:a <http://example.com/default#> "bar"^^xsd:string .)
-        ],
-        "prefix:suffix" => [
-          %q({"@context": {"prefix": "http://example.com/default#"}, "prefix:foo": "bar"}),
-          %q(_:a <http://example.com/default#foo> "bar"^^xsd:string .)
-        ]
-      }.each_pair do |title, (js, ttl)|
-        it title do
-          ttl = "@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . #{ttl}"
-          expect(parse(js)).to be_equivalent_graph(ttl, logger: logger, inputDocument: js)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "overriding keywords" do
-      {
-        "'url' for @id, 'a' for @type" => [
-          %q({
-            "@context": {"url": "@id", "a": "@type", "name": "http://schema.org/name"},
-            "url": "http://example.com/about#gregg",
-            "a": "http://schema.org/Person",
-            "name": "Gregg Kellogg"
-          }),
-          %q(
-            <http://example.com/about#gregg> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://schema.org/Person> .
-            <http://example.com/about#gregg> <http://schema.org/name> "Gregg Kellogg"^^xsd:string .
-          )
-        ],
-      }.each do |title, (js, ttl)|
-        it title do
-          ttl = "@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . #{ttl}"
-          expect(parse(js)).to be_equivalent_graph(ttl, logger: logger, inputDocument: js)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "chaining" do
-      {
-        "explicit subject" =>
-        [
-          %q({
-            "@context": {"foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"},
-            "@id": "http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me",
-            "foaf:knows": {
-              "@id": "http://www.ivan-herman.net/foaf#me",
-              "foaf:name": "Ivan Herman"
-            }
-          }),
-          %q(
-            <http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows> <http://www.ivan-herman.net/foaf#me> .
-            <http://www.ivan-herman.net/foaf#me> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ivan Herman" .
-          )
-        ],
-        "implicit subject" =>
-        [
-          %q({
-            "@context": {"foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"},
-            "@id": "http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me",
-            "foaf:knows": {
-              "foaf:name": "Manu Sporny"
-            }
-          }),
-          %q(
-            <http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows> _:a .
-            _:a <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Manu Sporny"^^xsd:string .
-          )
-        ],
-      }.each do |title, (js, ttl)|
-        it title do
-          ttl = "@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . #{ttl}"
-          expect(parse(js)).to be_equivalent_graph(ttl, logger: logger, inputDocument: js)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "multiple values" do
-      {
-        "literals" =>
-        [
-          %q({
-            "@context": {"foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"},
-            "@id": "http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me",
-            "foaf:knows": ["Manu Sporny", "Ivan Herman"]
-          }),
-          %q(
-            <http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows> "Manu Sporny" .
-            <http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows> "Ivan Herman" .
-          )
-        ],
-      }.each do |title, (js, ttl)|
-        it title do
-          ttl = "@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . #{ttl}"
-          expect(parse(js)).to be_equivalent_graph(ttl, logger: logger, inputDocument: js)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "lists" do
-      {
-        "Empty" => [
-          %q({
-            "@context": {"foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"},
-            "@id": "http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me",
-            "foaf:knows": {"@list": []}
-          }),
-          %q(
-            <http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil> .
-          )
-        ],
-        "single value" => [
-          %q({
-            "@context": {"foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"},
-            "@id": "http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me",
-            "foaf:knows": {"@list": ["Manu Sporny"]}
-          }),
-          %q(
-            <http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows> _:a .
-            _:a <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first> "Manu Sporny"^^xsd:string .
-            _:a <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil> .
-          )
-        ],
-        "single value (with coercion)" => [
-          %q({
-            "@context": {
-              "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/",
-              "foaf:knows": { "@container": "@list"}
-            },
-            "@id": "http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me",
-            "foaf:knows": ["Manu Sporny"]
-          }),
-          %q(
-            <http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows> _:a .
-            _:a <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first> "Manu Sporny"^^xsd:string .
-            _:a <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil> .
-          )
-        ],
-        "multiple values" => [
-          %q({
-            "@context": {"foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"},
-            "@id": "http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me",
-            "foaf:knows": {"@list": ["Manu Sporny", "Dave Longley"]}
-          }),
-          %q(
-            <http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows> _:a .
-            _:a <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first> "Manu Sporny"^^xsd:string .
-            _:a <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest> _:b .
-            _:b <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first> "Dave Longley"^^xsd:string .
-            _:b <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil> .
-          )
-        ],
-        "@list containing @list" => [
-          %q({
-            "@id": "http://example/A",
-            "http://example.com/foo": {"@list": [{"@list": ["baz"]}]}
-          }),
-          %q(
-            <http://example/A> <http://example.com/foo> (("baz")) .
-          )
-        ],
-        "@list containing empty @list" => [
-          %({
-            "@id": "http://example/A",
-            "http://example.com/foo": {"@list": [{"@list": []}]}
-          }),
-          %q(
-            <http://example/A> <http://example.com/foo> (()) .
-          )
-        ],
-      }.each do |title, (js, ttl)|
-        it title do
-          ttl = "@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . #{ttl}"
-          expect(parse(js)).to be_equivalent_graph(ttl, logger: logger, inputDocument: js)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "context" do
-      {
-        "@id coersion" =>
-        [
-          %q({
-            "@context": {
-              "knows": {"@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows", "@type": "@id"}
-            },
-            "@id":  "http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me",
-            "knows":  "http://www.ivan-herman.net/foaf#me"
-          }),
-          %q(
-            <http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows> <http://www.ivan-herman.net/foaf#me> .
-          )
-        ],
-        "datatype coersion" =>
-        [
-          %q({
-            "@context": {
-              "dcterms":  "http://purl.org/dc/terms/",
-              "xsd":      "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
-              "created":  {"@id": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created", "@type": "xsd:date"}
-            },
-            "@id":  "http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me",
-            "created":  "1957-02-27"
-          }),
-          %q(
-            <http://greggkellogg.net/foaf#me> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/created> "1957-02-27"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date> .
-          )
-        ],
-        "sub-objects with context" => [
-          %q({
-            "@context": {"foo": "http://example.com/foo"},
-            "foo":  {
-              "@context": {"foo": "http://example.org/foo"},
-              "foo": "bar"
-            }
-          }),
-          %q(
-            _:a <http://example.com/foo> _:b .
-            _:b <http://example.org/foo> "bar"^^xsd:string .
-          )
-        ],
-        "contexts with a list processed in order" => [
-          %q({
-            "@context": [
-              {"foo": "http://example.com/foo"},
-              {"foo": "http://example.org/foo"}
-            ],
-            "foo":  "bar"
-          }),
-          %q(
-            _:b <http://example.org/foo> "bar"^^xsd:string .
-          )
-        ],
-        "term definition resolves term as IRI" => [
-          %q({
-            "@context": [
-              {"foo": "http://example.com/foo"},
-              {"bar": "foo"}
-            ],
-            "bar":  "bar"
-          }),
-          %q(
-            _:b <http://example.com/foo> "bar"^^xsd:string .
-          )
-        ],
-        "term definition resolves prefix as IRI" => [
-          %q({
-            "@context": [
-              {"foo": "http://example.com/foo#"},
-              {"bar": "foo:bar"}
-            ],
-            "bar":  "bar"
-          }),
-          %q(
-            _:b <http://example.com/foo#bar> "bar"^^xsd:string .
-          )
-        ],
-        "@language" => [
-          %q({
-            "@context": {
-              "foo": "http://example.com/foo#",
-              "@language": "en"
-            },
-            "foo:bar":  "baz"
-          }),
-          %q(
-            _:a <http://example.com/foo#bar> "baz"@en .
-          )
-        ],
-        "@language with override" => [
-          %q({
-            "@context": {
-              "foo": "http://example.com/foo#",
-              "@language": "en"
-            },
-            "foo:bar":  {"@value": "baz", "@language": "fr"}
-          }),
-          %q(
-            _:a <http://example.com/foo#bar> "baz"@fr .
-          )
-        ],
-        "@language with plain" => [
-          %q({
-            "@context": {
-              "foo": "http://example.com/foo#",
-              "@language": "en"
-            },
-            "foo:bar":  {"@value": "baz"}
-          }),
-          %q(
-            _:a <http://example.com/foo#bar> "baz"^^xsd:string .
-          )
-        ],
-      }.each do |title, (js, ttl)|
-        it title do
-          ttl = "@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . #{ttl}"
-          expect(parse(js)).to be_equivalent_graph(ttl, base: "http://example/", logger: logger, inputDocument: js)
-        end
-      end
-      
-      context "coercion" do
-        context "term def with @id + @type" do
-          {
-            "dt with term" => [
-              %q({
-                "@context": [
-                  {"date": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date", "term": "http://example.org/foo#"},
-                  {"foo": {"@id": "term", "@type": "date"}}
-                ],
-                "foo": "bar"
-              }),
-              %q(
-                @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
-                [ <http://example.org/foo#> "bar"^^xsd:date ] .
-              )
-            ],
-            "@id with term" => [
-              %q({
-                "@context": [
-                  {"foo": {"@id": "http://example.org/foo#bar", "@type": "@id"}}
-                ],
-                "foo": "http://example.org/foo#bar"
-              }),
-              %q(
-                _:a <http://example.org/foo#bar> <http://example.org/foo#bar> .
-              )
-            ],
-            "coercion without term definition" => [
-              %q({
-                "@context": [
-                  {
-                    "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
-                    "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dc:date": {"@type": "xsd:date"}
-                  }
-                ],
-                "dc:date": "2011-11-23"
-              }),
-              %q(
-                @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
-                @prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
-                [ dc:date "2011-11-23"^^xsd:date] .
-              )
-            ],
-          }.each do |title, (js, ttl)|
-            it title do
-              ttl = "@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . #{ttl}"
-              expect(parse(js)).to be_equivalent_graph(ttl, logger: logger, inputDocument: js)
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      context "lists" do
-        context "term def with @id + @type + @container" do
-          {
-            "dt with term" => [
-              %q({
-                "@context": [
-                  {"date": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date", "term": "http://example.org/foo#"},
-                  {"foo": {"@id": "term", "@type": "date", "@container": "@list"}}
-                ],
-                "foo": ["bar"]
-              }),
-              %q(
-                @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
-                [ <http://example.org/foo#> ("bar"^^xsd:date) ] .
-              )
-            ],
-            "@id with term" => [
-              %q({
-                "@context": [
-                  {"foo": {"@id": "http://example.org/foo#bar", "@type": "@id", "@container": "@list"}}
-                ],
-                "foo": ["http://example.org/foo#bar"]
-              }),
-              %q(
-                _:a <http://example.org/foo#bar> (<http://example.org/foo#bar>) .
-              )
-            ],
-          }.each do |title, (js, ttl)|
-            it title do
-              ttl = "@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . #{ttl}"
-              expect(parse(js)).to be_equivalent_graph(ttl, logger: logger, inputDocument: js)
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "blank node predicates" do
-      subject {%q({"@id": "http://example/subj", "_:foo": "bar"})}
-
-      it "outputs statements with blank node predicates if :produceGeneralizedRdf is true" do
-        expect do
-          graph = parse(subject, produceGeneralizedRdf: true)
-          expect(graph.count).to eq 1
-        end.to write("[DEPRECATION]").to(:error)
-      end
-
-      it "rejects statements with blank node predicates if :produceGeneralizedRdf is false" do
-        expect do
-          graph = parse(subject, produceGeneralizedRdf: false)
-          expect(graph.count).to eq 0
-        end.to write("[DEPRECATION]").to(:error)
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "@included" do
-      {
-        "Basic Included array": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/"
-            },
-            "prop": "value",
-            "@included": [{
-              "prop": "value2"
-            }]
-          }),
-          output: %(
-            [<http://example.org/prop> "value"] .
-            [<http://example.org/prop> "value2"] .
-          )
-        },
-        "Basic Included object": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/"
-            },
-            "prop": "value",
-            "@included": {
-              "prop": "value2"
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %(
-            [<http://example.org/prop> "value"] .
-            [<http://example.org/prop> "value2"] .
-          )
-        },
-        "Multiple properties mapping to @included are folded together": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-              "included1": "@included",
-              "included2": "@included"
-            },
-            "included1": {"prop": "value1"},
-            "included2": {"prop": "value2"}
-          }),
-          output: %(
-            [<http://example.org/prop> "value1"] .
-            [<http://example.org/prop> "value2"] .
-          )
-        },
-        "Included containing @included": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/"
-            },
-            "prop": "value",
-            "@included": {
-              "prop": "value2",
-              "@included": {
-                "prop": "value3"
-              }
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %(
-            [<http://example.org/prop> "value"] .
-
-            [<http://example.org/prop> "value2"] .
-
-            [<http://example.org/prop> "value3"] .
-          )
-        },
-        "Property value with @included": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/"
-            },
-            "prop": {
-              "@type": "Foo",
-              "@included": {
-                "@type": "Bar"
-              }
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %(
-            [<http://example.org/prop> [a <http://example.org/Foo>]] .
-            [a <http://example.org/Bar>] .
-          )
-        },
-        "json.api example": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/vocab#",
-              "@base": "http://example.org/base/",
-              "id": "@id",
-              "type": "@type",
-              "data": "@nest",
-              "attributes": "@nest",
-              "links": "@nest",
-              "relationships": "@nest",
-              "included": "@included",
-              "self": {"@type": "@id"},
-              "related": {"@type": "@id"},
-              "comments": {
-                "@context": {
-                  "data": null
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            "data": [{
-              "type": "articles",
-              "id": "1",
-              "attributes": {
-                "title": "JSON:API paints my bikeshed!"
-              },
-              "links": {
-                "self": "http://example.com/articles/1"
-              },
-              "relationships": {
-                "author": {
-                  "links": {
-                    "self": "http://example.com/articles/1/relationships/author",
-                    "related": "http://example.com/articles/1/author"
-                  },
-                  "data": { "type": "people", "id": "9" }
-                },
-                "comments": {
-                  "links": {
-                    "self": "http://example.com/articles/1/relationships/comments",
-                    "related": "http://example.com/articles/1/comments"
-                  },
-                  "data": [
-                    { "type": "comments", "id": "5" },
-                    { "type": "comments", "id": "12" }
-                  ]
-                }
-              }
-            }],
-            "included": [{
-              "type": "people",
-              "id": "9",
-              "attributes": {
-                "first-name": "Dan",
-                "last-name": "Gebhardt",
-                "twitter": "dgeb"
-              },
-              "links": {
-                "self": "http://example.com/people/9"
-              }
-            }, {
-              "type": "comments",
-              "id": "5",
-              "attributes": {
-                "body": "First!"
-              },
-              "relationships": {
-                "author": {
-                  "data": { "type": "people", "id": "2" }
-                }
-              },
-              "links": {
-                "self": "http://example.com/comments/5"
-              }
-            }, {
-              "type": "comments",
-              "id": "12",
-              "attributes": {
-                "body": "I like XML better"
-              },
-              "relationships": {
-                "author": {
-                  "data": { "type": "people", "id": "9" }
-                }
-              },
-              "links": {
-                "self": "http://example.com/comments/12"
-              }
-            }]
-          }),
-          output: %(
-          <http://example.org/base/1> a <http://example.org/vocab#articles>;
-            <http://example.org/vocab#author> <http://example.org/base/9>;
-            <http://example.org/vocab#comments> [
-              <http://example.org/vocab#related> <http://example.com/articles/1/comments>;
-              <http://example.org/vocab#self> <http://example.com/articles/1/relationships/comments>
-            ];
-            <http://example.org/vocab#self> <http://example.com/articles/1>;
-            <http://example.org/vocab#title> "JSON:API paints my bikeshed!" .
-
-          <http://example.org/base/12> a <http://example.org/vocab#comments>;
-            <http://example.org/vocab#author> <http://example.org/base/9>;
-            <http://example.org/vocab#body> "I like XML better";
-            <http://example.org/vocab#self> <http://example.com/comments/12> .
-
-          <http://example.org/base/5> a <http://example.org/vocab#comments>;
-            <http://example.org/vocab#author> <http://example.org/base/2>;
-            <http://example.org/vocab#body> "First!";
-            <http://example.org/vocab#self> <http://example.com/comments/5> .
-
-          <http://example.org/base/2> a <http://example.org/vocab#people> .
-
-          <http://example.org/base/9> a <http://example.org/vocab#people>;
-            <http://example.org/vocab#first-name> "Dan";
-            <http://example.org/vocab#last-name> "Gebhardt";
-            <http://example.org/vocab#related> <http://example.com/articles/1/author>;
-            <http://example.org/vocab#self> <http://example.com/articles/1/relationships/author>,
-              <http://example.com/people/9>;
-            <http://example.org/vocab#twitter> "dgeb" .
-          )
-        },
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_to_rdf params}
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "advanced features" do
-      {
-        "number syntax (decimal)" =>
-        [
-          %q({"@context": { "measure": "http://example/measure#"}, "measure:cups": 5.3}),
-          %q(_:a <http://example/measure#cups> "5.3E0"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double> .)
-        ],
-        "number syntax (double)" =>
-        [
-          %q({"@context": { "measure": "http://example/measure#"}, "measure:cups": 5.3e0}),
-          %q(_:a <http://example/measure#cups> "5.3E0"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double> .)
-        ],
-        "number syntax (integer)" =>
-        [
-          %q({"@context": { "chem": "http://example/chem#"}, "chem:protons": 12}),
-          %q(_:a <http://example/chem#protons> "12"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> .)
-        ],
-        "boolan syntax" =>
-        [
-          %q({"@context": { "sensor": "http://example/sensor#"}, "sensor:active": true}),
-          %q(_:a <http://example/sensor#active> "true"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean> .)
-        ],
-        "Array top element" =>
-        [
-          %q([
-            {"@id":   "http://example.com/#me", "@type": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person"},
-            {"@id":   "http://example.com/#you", "@type": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person"}
-          ]),
-          %q(
-            <http://example.com/#me> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
-            <http://example.com/#you> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
-          )
-        ],
-        "@graph with array of objects value" =>
-        [
-          %q({
-            "@context": {"foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"},
-            "@graph": [
-              {"@id":   "http://example.com/#me", "@type": "foaf:Person"},
-              {"@id":   "http://example.com/#you", "@type": "foaf:Person"}
-            ]
-          }),
-          %q(
-            <http://example.com/#me> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
-            <http://example.com/#you> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
-          )
-        ],
-        "XMLLiteral" => [
-          %q({
-            "http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#content": {
-              "@value": "foo",
-              "@type": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#XMLLiteral"
-            }
-          }),
-          %q(
-            [<http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#content> "foo"^^<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#XMLLiteral>] .
-          )
-        ],
-      }.each do |title, (js, ttl)|
-        it title do
-          ttl = "@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . #{ttl}"
-          expect(parse(js)).to be_equivalent_graph(ttl, logger: logger, inputDocument: js)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "@direction" do
-      context "rdfDirection: null" do
-        {
-          "no language rtl": [
-            %q({"http://example.org/label": {"@value": "no language", "@direction": "rtl"}}),
-            %q(_:a <http://example.org/label> "no language" .)
-          ],
-          "en-US rtl": [
-            %q({"http://example.org/label": {"@value": "en-US", "@language": "en-US", "@direction": "rtl"}}),
-            %q(_:a <http://example.org/label> "en-US"@en-us .)
-          ]
-        }.each do |title, (js, ttl)|
-          it title do
-            ttl = "@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . #{ttl}"
-            expect(parse(js, rdfDirection: nil)).to be_equivalent_graph(ttl, logger: logger, inputDocument: js)
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      context "rdfDirection: i18n-datatype" do
-        {
-          "no language rtl": [
-            %q({"http://example.org/label": {"@value": "no language", "@direction": "rtl"}}),
-            %q(_:a <http://example.org/label> "no language"^^<https://www.w3.org/ns/i18n#_rtl> .)
-          ],
-          "en-US rtl": [
-            %q({"http://example.org/label": {"@value": "en-US", "@language": "en-US", "@direction": "rtl"}}),
-            %q(_:a <http://example.org/label> "en-US"^^<https://www.w3.org/ns/i18n#en-us_rtl> .)
-          ]
-        }.each do |title, (js, ttl)|
-          it title do
-            ttl = "@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . #{ttl}"
-            expect(parse(js, rdfDirection: 'i18n-datatype')).to be_equivalent_graph(ttl, logger: logger, inputDocument: js)
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      context "rdfDirection: compound-literal" do
-        {
-          "no language rtl": [
-            %q({"http://example.org/label": {"@value": "no language", "@direction": "rtl"}}),
-            %q(
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              _:a <http://example.org/label> [
-                rdf:value "no language";
-                rdf:direction "rtl"
-              ] .
-            )
-          ],
-          "en-US rtl": [
-            %q({"http://example.org/label": {"@value": "en-US", "@language": "en-US", "@direction": "rtl"}}),
-            %q(
-              @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
-              _:a <http://example.org/label> [
-                rdf:value "en-US";
-                rdf:language "en-us";
-                rdf:direction "rtl"
-              ] .
-            )
-          ]
-        }.each do |title, (js, ttl)|
-          it title do
-            ttl = "@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . #{ttl}"
-            expect(parse(js, rdfDirection: 'compound-literal')).to be_equivalent_graph(ttl, logger: logger, inputDocument: js)
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "JSON-LD-star" do
-      {
-        "node with embedded subject without rdfstar option": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "ex:prop": "value"
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value2"
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidIdValue
-        },
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_to_rdf params}
-      end
-
-      {
-        "node with embedded subject having no @id": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "ex:prop": "value"
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value2"
-          }),
-          expected: %(
-            <<_:b0 <ex:prop> "value">> <ex:prop> "value2" .
-          ),
-        },
-        "node with embedded subject having IRI @id": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "ex:prop": "value"
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value2"
-          }),
-          expected: %(
-            <<<ex:rei> <ex:prop> "value">> <ex:prop> "value2" .
-          ),
-        },
-        "node with embedded subject having BNode @id": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "_:rei",
-              "ex:prop": "value"
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value2"
-          }),
-          expected: %(
-           <<_:b0 <ex:prop> "value">> <ex:prop> "value2" .
-          ),
-        },
-        "node with embedded subject having a type": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "@type": "ex:Type"
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value2"
-          }),
-          expected: %(
-            <<<ex:rei> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <ex:Type>>> <ex:prop> "value2" .
-          ),
-        },
-        "node with embedded subject having an IRI value": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "ex:prop": {"@id": "ex:value"}
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value2"
-          }),
-          expected: %(
-            <<<ex:rei> <ex:prop> <ex:value>>> <ex:prop> "value2" .
-          ),
-        },
-        "node with embedded subject having an BNode value": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "ex:prop": {"@id": "_:value"}
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value2"
-          }),
-          expected: %(
-            <<<ex:rei> <ex:prop> _:b0>> <ex:prop> "value2" .
-          ),
-        },
-        "node with recursive embedded subject": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": {
-                "@id": "ex:rei",
-                "ex:prop": "value3"
-              },
-              "ex:prop": "value"
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value2"
-          }),
-          expected: %(
-            <<<<<ex:rei> <ex:prop> "value3">> <ex:prop> "value">> <ex:prop> "value2" .
-          ),
-        },
-        "illegal node with subject having no property": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei"
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value3"
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidEmbeddedNode
-        },
-        "illegal node with subject having multiple properties": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "ex:prop": ["value1", "value2"]
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value3"
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidEmbeddedNode
-        },
-        "illegal node with subject having multiple types": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "@type": ["ex:Type1", "ex:Type2"]
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value3"
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidEmbeddedNode
-        },
-        "illegal node with subject having type and property": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "@type": "ex:Type",
-              "ex:prop": "value"
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value2"
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidEmbeddedNode
-        },
-        "node with embedded object": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "ex:subj",
-            "ex:value": {
-              "@id": {
-                "@id": "ex:rei",
-                "ex:prop": "value"
-              }
-            }
-          }),
-          expected: %(
-            <ex:subj> <ex:value> <<<ex:rei> <ex:prop> "value">> .
-          ),
-        },
-        "node with embedded object having properties": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "ex:subj",
-            "ex:value": {
-              "@id": {
-                "@id": "ex:rei",
-                "ex:prop": "value"
-              },
-              "ex:prop": "value2"
-            }
-          }),
-          expected: %(
-            <ex:subj> <ex:value> <<<ex:rei> <ex:prop> "value">> .
-            <<<ex:rei> <ex:prop> "value">> <ex:prop> "value2" .
-          ),
-        },
-        "node with recursive embedded object": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "ex:subj",
-            "ex:value": {
-              "@id": {
-                "@id": {
-                  "@id": "ex:rei",
-                  "ex:prop": "value3"
-                },
-                "ex:prop": "value"
-              },
-              "ex:prop": "value2"
-            }
-          }),
-          expected: %(
-            <ex:subj> <ex:value> <<<<<ex:rei> <ex:prop> "value3">> <ex:prop> "value">> .
-            <<<<<ex:rei> <ex:prop> "value3">> <ex:prop> "value">> <ex:prop> "value2" .
-          ),
-        },
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        context(title) do
-          it "Generates statements" do
-            output_graph = RDF::Graph.new {|g| g << RDF::NTriples::Reader.new(params[:expected], rdfstar: true)}
-            run_to_rdf params.merge(rdfstar: true, output: output_graph)
-          end if params[:expected]
-
-          it "Exception" do
-            run_to_rdf params.merge(rdfstar: true)
-          end if params[:exception]
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "exceptions" do
-      {
-        "Invalid subject" => {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "http://example.com/a b",
-            "http://example.com/foo": "bar"
-          }),
-          output: %()
-        },
-        "Invalid predicate" => {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "http://example.com/foo",
-            "http://example.com/a b": "bar"
-          }),
-          output: %()
-        },
-        "Invalid object" => {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "http://example.com/foo",
-            "http://example.com/bar": {"@id": "http://example.com/baz z"}
-          }),
-          output: %()
-        },
-        "Invalid type" => {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "http://example.com/foo",
-            "@type": ["http://example.com/bar", "relative"]
-          }),
-          output: %(<http://example.com/foo> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://example.com/bar> .)
-        },
-        "Invalid language" => {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "http://example.com/foo",
-            "http://example.com/bar": {"@value": "bar", "@language": "a b"}
-          }),
-          output: %(),
-          write: "@language must be valid BCP47"
-        },
-        "Invalid datatype" => {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "http://example.com/foo",
-            "http://example.com/bar": {"@value": "bar", "@type": "http://example.com/baz z"}
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidTypedValue
-        },
-        "Injected IRIs check" => {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "http://foo/> <http://bar/> <http://baz> .\n<data:little> <data:bobby> <data:tables> .\n<data:in-ur-base",
-            "http://killin/#yer": "dudes"
-          }),
-          output: %(),
-          pending: "jruby"
-        },
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) do
-          pending params[:pending] if params[:pending] == RUBY_ENGINE
-          run_to_rdf params
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  context "html" do
-    {
-      "Transforms embedded JSON-LD script element": {
-        input: %(
-        <html>
-          <head>
-            <script type="application/ld+json">
-            {
-              "@context": {
-                "foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}
-              },
-              "foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-            }
-            </script>
-          </head>
-        </html>),
-        output: %([ <http://example.com/foo> ( "bar")] .)
-      },
-      "Transforms first script element with extractAllScripts: false": {
-        input: %(
-        <html>
-          <head>
-            <script type="application/ld+json">
-            {
-              "@context": {
-                "foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}
-              },
-              "foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-            }
-            </script>
-            <script type="application/ld+json">
-            {
-              "@context": {"ex": "http://example.com/"},
-              "@graph": [
-                {"ex:foo": {"@value": "foo"}},
-                {"ex:bar": {"@value": "bar"}}
-              ]
-            }
-            </script>
-          </head>
-        </html>),
-        output: %([ <http://example.com/foo> ( "bar")] .),
-        extractAllScripts: false
-      },
-      "Transforms targeted script element": {
-        input: %(
-        <html>
-          <head>
-            <script id="first" type="application/ld+json">
-            {
-              "@context": {
-                "foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}
-              },
-              "foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-            }
-            </script>
-            <script id="second" type="application/ld+json">
-            {
-              "@context": {"ex": "http://example.com/"},
-              "@graph": [
-                {"ex:foo": {"@value": "foo"}},
-                {"ex:bar": {"@value": "bar"}}
-              ]
-            }
-            </script>
-          </head>
-        </html>),
-        output: %(
-          [ <http://example.com/foo> "foo"] .
-          [ <http://example.com/bar> "bar"] .
-        ),
-        base: "http://example.org/doc#second"
-      },
-    }.each do |title, params|
-      it(title) do
-        params[:input] = StringIO.new(params[:input])
-        params[:input].send(:define_singleton_method, :content_type) {"text/html"}
-        run_to_rdf params.merge(validate: true)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def parse(input, **options)
-    graph = options[:graph] || RDF::Graph.new
-    options = {logger: logger, validate: true, canonicalize: false}.merge(options)
-    JSON::LD::API.toRdf(StringIO.new(input), rename_bnodes: false, **options) {|st| graph << st}
-    graph
-  end
-
-  def run_to_rdf(params)
-    input, output = params[:input], params[:output]
-    graph = params[:graph] || RDF::Graph.new
-    input = StringIO.new(input) if input.is_a?(String)
-    pending params.fetch(:pending, "test implementation") unless input
-    if params[:exception]
-      expect {JSON::LD::API.toRdf(input, **params)}.to raise_error(params[:exception])
-    else
-      if params[:write]
-        expect{JSON::LD::API.toRdf(input, base: params[:base], logger: logger, rename_bnodes: false, **params) {|st| graph << st}}.to write(params[:write]).to(:error)
-      else
-        expect{JSON::LD::API.toRdf(input, base: params[:base], logger: logger, rename_bnodes: false, **params) {|st| graph << st}}.not_to write.to(:error)
-      end
-      expect(graph).to be_equivalent_graph(output, logger: logger, inputDocument: input)
-    end
-  end
-end