json-ld 3.2.3 → 3.2.5

data/spec/expand_spec.rb

@@ -1,4496 +0,0 @@
-# coding: utf-8
-require_relative 'spec_helper'
-
-describe JSON::LD::API do
-  let(:logger) {RDF::Spec.logger}
-
-  describe ".expand" do
-    {
-      "empty doc": {
-        input: {},
-        output: []
-      },
-      "@list coercion": {
-        input: %({
-          "@context": {
-            "foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}
-          },
-          "foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-        }),
-        output: %([{
-          "http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [{"@value": "bar"}]}]
-        }])
-      },
-      "native values in list": {
-        input: %({
-          "http://example.com/foo": {"@list": [1, 2]}
-        }),
-        output: %([{
-          "http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [{"@value": 1}, {"@value": 2}]}]
-        }])
-      },
-      "@graph": {
-        input: %({
-          "@context": {"ex": "http://example.com/"},
-          "@graph": [
-            {"ex:foo": {"@value": "foo"}},
-            {"ex:bar": {"@value": "bar"}}
-          ]
-        }),
-        output: %([
-          {"http://example.com/foo": [{"@value": "foo"}]},
-          {"http://example.com/bar": [{"@value": "bar"}]}
-        ])
-      },
-      "@graph value (expands to array form)": {
-        input: %({
-          "@context": {"ex": "http://example.com/"},
-          "ex:p": {
-            "@id": "ex:Sub1",
-            "@graph": {
-              "ex:q": "foo"
-            }
-          }
-        }),
-        output: %([{
-          "http://example.com/p": [{
-            "@id": "http://example.com/Sub1",
-            "@graph": [{
-              "http://example.com/q": [{"@value": "foo"}]
-            }]
-          }]
-        }])
-      },
-      "@type with CURIE": {
-        input: %({
-          "@context": {"ex": "http://example.com/"},
-          "@type": "ex:type"
-        }),
-        output: %([
-          {"@type": ["http://example.com/type"]}
-        ])
-      },
-      "@type with CURIE and muliple values": {
-        input: %({
-          "@context": {"ex": "http://example.com/"},
-          "@type": ["ex:type1", "ex:type2"]
-        }),
-        output: %([
-          {"@type": ["http://example.com/type1", "http://example.com/type2"]}
-        ])
-      },
-      "@value with false": {
-        input: %({"http://example.com/ex": {"@value": false}}),
-        output: %([{"http://example.com/ex": [{"@value": false}]}])
-      },
-      "compact IRI": {
-        input: %({
-          "@context": {"ex": "http://example.com/"},
-          "ex:p": {"@id": "ex:Sub1"}
-        }),
-        output: %([{
-          "http://example.com/p": [{"@id": "http://example.com/Sub1"}]
-        }])
-      },
-    }.each_pair do |title, params|
-      it(title) {run_expand params}
-    end
-
-    context "default language" do
-      {
-        "base": {
-          input: %({
-            "http://example/foo": "bar"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example/foo": [{"@value": "bar", "@language": "en"}]
-          }]),
-          language: "en"
-        },
-        "override": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"@language": null},
-            "http://example/foo": "bar"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example/foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-          }]),
-          language: "en"
-        }
-      }.each_pair do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand params}
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "with relative IRIs" do
-      {
-        "base": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "",
-            "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "http://example.org/",
-            "@type": ["http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"]
-          }])
-        },
-        "relative": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "a/b",
-            "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "http://example.org/a/b",
-            "@type": ["http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"]
-          }])
-        },
-        "hash": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "#a",
-            "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "http://example.org/#a",
-            "@type": ["http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"]
-          }])
-        },
-        "unmapped @id": {
-          input: %({
-            "http://example.com/foo": {"@id": "bar"}
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@id": "http://example.org/bar"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "json-ld-syntax#66": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@base": "https://ex.org/",
-              "u": {"@id": "urn:u:", "@type": "@id"}
-            },
-            "u": ["#Test", "#Test:2"]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "urn:u:": [
-              {"@id": "https://ex.org/#Test"},
-              {"@id": "https://ex.org/#Test:2"}
-            ]
-          }])
-        }
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand params.merge(base: "http://example.org/")}
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "with relative property IRIs" do
-      {
-        "base": {
-          input: %({
-            "http://a/b": "foo"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://a/b": [{"@value": "foo"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "relative": {
-          input: %({
-            "a/b": "foo"
-          }),
-          output: %([])
-        },
-        "hash": {
-          input: %({
-            "#a": "foo"
-          }),
-          output: %([])
-        },
-        "dotseg": {
-          input: %({
-            "../a": "foo"
-          }),
-          output: %([])
-        },
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand params.merge(base: "http://example.org/")}
-      end
-
-      context "with @vocab" do
-        {
-          "base": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"@vocab": "http://vocab/"},
-              "http://a/b": "foo"
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://a/b": [{"@value": "foo"}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "relative": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"@vocab": "http://vocab/"},
-              "a/b": "foo"
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://vocab/a/b": [{"@value": "foo"}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "hash": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"@vocab": "http://vocab/"},
-              "#a": "foo"
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://vocab/#a": [{"@value": "foo"}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "dotseg": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"@vocab": "http://vocab/"},
-              "../a": "foo"
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://vocab/../a": [{"@value": "foo"}]
-            }])
-          },
-        }.each do |title, params|
-          it(title) {run_expand params.merge(base: "http://example.org/")}
-        end
-      end
-
-      context "with @vocab: ''" do
-        {
-          "base": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"@vocab": ""},
-              "http://a/b": "foo"
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://a/b": [{"@value": "foo"}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "relative": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"@vocab": ""},
-              "a/b": "foo"
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/a/b": [{"@value": "foo"}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "hash": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"@vocab": ""},
-              "#a": "foo"
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/#a": [{"@value": "foo"}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "dotseg": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"@vocab": ""},
-              "../a": "foo"
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/../a": [{"@value": "foo"}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "example": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@base": "http://example/document",
-                "@vocab": ""
-              },
-              "@id": "http://example.org/places#BrewEats",
-              "@type": "#Restaurant",
-              "#name": "Brew Eats"
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "@id": "http://example.org/places#BrewEats",
-              "@type": ["http://example/document#Restaurant"],
-              "http://example/document#name": [{"@value": "Brew Eats"}]
-            }])
-          }
-        }.each do |title, params|
-          it(title) {run_expand params.merge(base: "http://example.org/")}
-        end
-      end
-
-      context "with @vocab: '/relative#'" do
-        {
-          "base": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"@vocab": "/relative#"},
-              "http://a/b": "foo"
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://a/b": [{"@value": "foo"}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "relative": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"@vocab": "/relative#"},
-              "a/b": "foo"
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/relative#a/b": [{"@value": "foo"}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "hash": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"@vocab": "/relative#"},
-              "#a": "foo"
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/relative##a": [{"@value": "foo"}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "dotseg": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"@vocab": "/relative#"},
-              "../a": "foo"
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/relative#../a": [{"@value": "foo"}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "example": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@base": "http://example/document",
-                "@vocab": "/relative#"
-              },
-              "@id": "http://example.org/places#BrewEats",
-              "@type": "Restaurant",
-              "name": "Brew Eats"
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "@id": "http://example.org/places#BrewEats",
-              "@type": ["http://example/relative#Restaurant"],
-              "http://example/relative#name": [{"@value": "Brew Eats"}]
-            }])
-          }
-        }.each do |title, params|
-          it(title) {run_expand params.merge(base: "http://example.org/")}
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "keyword aliasing" do
-      {
-        "@id": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"id": "@id"},
-            "id": "",
-            "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "",
-            "@type":[ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"]
-          }])
-        },
-        "@type": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"type": "@type"},
-            "type": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource",
-            "http://example.com/foo": {"@value": "bar", "type": "http://example.com/baz"}
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@type": ["http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource"],
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@value": "bar", "@type": "http://example.com/baz"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "@language": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"language": "@language"},
-            "http://example.com/foo": {"@value": "bar", "language": "baz"}
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@value": "bar", "@language": "baz"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "@value": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"literal": "@value"},
-            "http://example.com/foo": {"literal": "bar"}
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "@list": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"list": "@list"},
-            "http://example.com/foo": {"list": ["bar"]}
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [{"@value": "bar"}]}]
-          }])
-        },
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand params}
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "native types" do
-      {
-        "true": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"e": "http://example.org/vocab#"},
-            "e:bool": true
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/vocab#bool": [{"@value": true}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "false": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"e": "http://example.org/vocab#"},
-            "e:bool": false
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/vocab#bool": [{"@value": false}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "double": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"e": "http://example.org/vocab#"},
-            "e:double": 1.23
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/vocab#double": [{"@value": 1.23}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "double-zero": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"e": "http://example.org/vocab#"},
-            "e:double-zero": 0.0e0
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/vocab#double-zero": [{"@value": 0.0e0}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "integer": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"e": "http://example.org/vocab#"},
-            "e:integer": 123
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/vocab#integer": [{"@value": 123}]
-          }])
-        },
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand params}
-      end
-
-      context "with @type: @none" do
-        {
-          "true": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#bool", "@type": "@none"}},
-              "e": true
-            }),
-            output:%( [{
-              "http://example.org/vocab#bool": [{"@value": true}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "false": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#bool", "@type": "@none"}},
-              "e": false
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/vocab#bool": [{"@value": false}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "double": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#double", "@type": "@none"}},
-              "e": 1.23
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/vocab#double": [{"@value": 1.23}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "double-zero": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#double", "@type": "@none"}},
-              "e": 0.0e0
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/vocab#double": [{"@value": 0.0e0}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "integer": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#integer", "@type": "@none"}},
-              "e": 123
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/vocab#integer": [{"@value": 123}]
-            }])
-          },
-        }.each do |title, params|
-          it(title) {run_expand(processingMode: "json-ld-1.1", **params)}
-        end
-      end
-
-      context "with @type: @id" do
-        {
-          "true": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#bool", "@type": "@id"}},
-              "e": true
-            }),
-            output:%( [{
-              "http://example.org/vocab#bool": [{"@value": true}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "false": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#bool", "@type": "@id"}},
-              "e": false
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/vocab#bool": [{"@value": false}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "double": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#double", "@type": "@id"}},
-              "e": 1.23
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/vocab#double": [{"@value": 1.23}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "double-zero": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#double", "@type": "@id"}},
-              "e": 0.0e0
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/vocab#double": [{"@value": 0.0e0}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "integer": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#integer", "@type": "@id"}},
-              "e": 123
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/vocab#integer": [{"@value": 123}]
-            }])
-          },
-        }.each do |title, params|
-          it(title) {run_expand params}
-        end
-      end
-
-      context "with @type: @vocab" do
-        {
-          "true": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#bool", "@type": "@vocab"}},
-              "e": true
-            }),
-            output:%( [{
-              "http://example.org/vocab#bool": [{"@value": true}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "false": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#bool", "@type": "@vocab"}},
-              "e": false
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/vocab#bool": [{"@value": false}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "double": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#double", "@type": "@vocab"}},
-              "e": 1.23
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/vocab#double": [{"@value": 1.23}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "double-zero": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#double", "@type": "@vocab"}},
-              "e": 0.0e0
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/vocab#double": [{"@value": 0.0e0}]
-            }])
-          },
-          "integer": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {"e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#integer", "@type": "@vocab"}},
-              "e": 123
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/vocab#integer": [{"@value": 123}]
-            }])
-          },
-        }.each do |title, params|
-          it(title) {run_expand params}
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "with @type: @json" do
-      {
-        "true": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#bool", "@type": "@json"}
-            },
-            "e": true
-          }),
-          output:%( [{
-            "http://example.org/vocab#bool": [{"@value": true, "@type": "@json"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "false": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#bool", "@type": "@json"}
-            },
-            "e": false
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/vocab#bool": [{"@value": false, "@type": "@json"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "double": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#double", "@type": "@json"}
-            },
-            "e": 1.23
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/vocab#double": [{"@value": 1.23, "@type": "@json"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "double-zero": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#double", "@type": "@json"}
-            },
-            "e": 0.0e0
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/vocab#double": [{"@value": 0.0e0, "@type": "@json"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "integer": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#integer", "@type": "@json"}
-            },
-            "e": 123
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/vocab#integer": [{"@value": 123, "@type": "@json"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "string": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#string", "@type": "@json"}
-            },
-            "e": "string"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/vocab#string": [{
-              "@value": "string",
-              "@type": "@json"
-            }]
-          }])
-        },
-        "null": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#null", "@type": "@json"}
-            },
-            "e": null
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/vocab#null": [{
-              "@value": null,
-              "@type": "@json"
-            }]
-          }])
-        },
-        "object": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#object", "@type": "@json"}
-            },
-            "e": {"foo": "bar"}
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/vocab#object": [{"@value": {"foo": "bar"}, "@type": "@json"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "array": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#array", "@type": "@json"}
-            },
-            "e": [{"foo": "bar"}]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/vocab#array": [{"@value": [{"foo": "bar"}], "@type": "@json"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Does not expand terms inside json": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "e": {"@id": "http://example.org/vocab#array", "@type": "@json"}
-            },
-            "e": [{"e": "bar"}]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/vocab#array": [{"@value": [{"e": "bar"}], "@type": "@json"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Already expanded object": {
-          input: %({
-            "http://example.org/vocab#object": [{"@value": {"foo": "bar"}, "@type": "@json"}]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/vocab#object": [{"@value": {"foo": "bar"}, "@type": "@json"}]
-          }]),
-          processingMode: 'json-ld-1.1'
-        },
-        "Already expanded object with aliased keys": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"@version": 1.1, "value": "@value", "type": "@type", "json": "@json"},
-            "http://example.org/vocab#object": [{"value": {"foo": "bar"}, "type": "json"}]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/vocab#object": [{"@value": {"foo": "bar"}, "@type": "@json"}]
-          }])
-        },
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand params}
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "coerced typed values" do
-      {
-        "boolean": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"foo": {"@id": "http://example.org/foo", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean"}},
-            "foo": "true"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/foo": [{"@value": "true", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "date": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"foo": {"@id": "http://example.org/foo", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date"}},
-            "foo": "2011-03-26"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/foo": [{"@value": "2011-03-26", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date"}]
-          }])
-        },
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand params}
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "null" do
-      {
-        "value": {
-          input: %({"http://example.com/foo": null}),
-          output: []
-        },
-        "@value": {
-          input: %({"http://example.com/foo": {"@value": null}}),
-          output: []
-        },
-        "@value and non-null @type": {
-          input: %({"http://example.com/foo": {"@value": null, "@type": "http://type"}}),
-          output: []
-        },
-        "@value and non-null @language": {
-          input: %({"http://example.com/foo": {"@value": null, "@language": "en"}}),
-          output: []
-        },
-        "array with null elements": {
-          input: %({"http://example.com/foo": [null]}),
-          output: %([{"http://example.com/foo": []}])
-        },
-        "@set with null @value": {
-          input: %({
-            "http://example.com/foo": [
-              {"@value": null, "@type": "http://example.org/Type"}
-            ]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": []
-          }])
-        }
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand params}
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "@direction" do
-      {
-        "value with coerced null direction": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@direction": "rtl",
-              "ex": "http://example.org/vocab#",
-              "ex:ltr": { "@direction": "ltr" },
-              "ex:none": { "@direction": null }
-            },
-            "ex:rtl": "rtl",
-            "ex:ltr": "ltr",
-            "ex:none": "no direction"
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "http://example.org/vocab#rtl": [{"@value": "rtl", "@direction": "rtl"}],
-              "http://example.org/vocab#ltr": [{"@value": "ltr", "@direction": "ltr"}],
-              "http://example.org/vocab#none": [{"@value": "no direction"}]
-            }
-          ])
-        }
-      }.each_pair do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand params}
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "default language" do
-      {
-        "value with coerced null language": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@language": "en",
-              "ex": "http://example.org/vocab#",
-              "ex:german": { "@language": "de" },
-              "ex:nolang": { "@language": null }
-            },
-            "ex:german": "german",
-            "ex:nolang": "no language"
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "http://example.org/vocab#german": [{"@value": "german", "@language": "de"}],
-              "http://example.org/vocab#nolang": [{"@value": "no language"}]
-            }
-          ])
-        },
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand params}
-      end
-
-      context "and default direction" do
-        {
-          "value with coerced null direction": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@language": "en",
-                "@direction": "rtl",
-                "ex": "http://example.org/vocab#",
-                "ex:ltr": { "@direction": "ltr" },
-                "ex:none": { "@direction": null },
-                "ex:german": { "@language": "de" },
-                "ex:nolang": { "@language": null },
-                "ex:german_ltr": { "@language": "de", "@direction": "ltr" },
-                "ex:nolang_ltr": { "@language": null, "@direction": "ltr" },
-                "ex:none_none": { "@language": null, "@direction": null },
-                "ex:german_none": { "@language": "de", "@direction": null }
-              },
-              "ex:rtl": "rtl en",
-              "ex:ltr": "ltr en",
-              "ex:none": "no direction en",
-              "ex:german": "german rtl",
-              "ex:nolang": "no language rtl",
-              "ex:german_ltr": "german ltr",
-              "ex:nolang_ltr": "no language ltr",
-              "ex:none_none": "no language or direction",
-              "ex:german_none": "german no direction"
-            }),
-            output: %([
-              {
-                "http://example.org/vocab#rtl": [{"@value": "rtl en", "@language": "en", "@direction": "rtl"}],
-                "http://example.org/vocab#ltr": [{"@value": "ltr en", "@language": "en", "@direction": "ltr"}],
-                "http://example.org/vocab#none": [{"@value": "no direction en", "@language": "en"}],
-                "http://example.org/vocab#german": [{"@value": "german rtl", "@language": "de", "@direction": "rtl"}],
-                "http://example.org/vocab#nolang": [{"@value": "no language rtl", "@direction": "rtl"}],
-                "http://example.org/vocab#german_ltr": [{"@value": "german ltr", "@language": "de", "@direction": "ltr"}],
-                "http://example.org/vocab#nolang_ltr": [{"@value": "no language ltr", "@direction": "ltr"}],
-                "http://example.org/vocab#none_none": [{"@value": "no language or direction"}],
-                "http://example.org/vocab#german_none": [{"@value": "german no direction", "@language": "de"}]
-              }
-            ])
-          }
-        }.each_pair do |title, params|
-          it(title) {run_expand params}
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "default vocabulary" do
-      {
-        "property": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"@vocab": "http://example.com/"},
-            "verb": {"@value": "foo"}
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/verb": [{"@value": "foo"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "datatype": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"@vocab": "http://example.com/"},
-            "http://example.org/verb": {"@value": "foo", "@type": "string"}
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/verb": [{"@value": "foo", "@type": "http://example.com/string"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "expand-0028": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/vocab#",
-              "date": { "@type": "dateTime" }
-            },
-            "@id": "example1",
-            "@type": "test",
-            "date": "2011-01-25T00:00:00Z",
-            "embed": {
-              "@id": "example2",
-              "expandedDate": { "@value": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z", "@type": "dateTime" }
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "@id": "http://foo/bar/example1",
-              "@type": ["http://example.org/vocab#test"],
-              "http://example.org/vocab#date": [
-                {
-                  "@value": "2011-01-25T00:00:00Z",
-                  "@type": "http://example.org/vocab#dateTime"
-                }
-              ],
-              "http://example.org/vocab#embed": [
-                {
-                  "@id": "http://foo/bar/example2",
-                  "http://example.org/vocab#expandedDate": [
-                    {
-                      "@value": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z",
-                      "@type": "http://example.org/vocab#dateTime"
-                    }
-                  ]
-                }
-              ]
-            }
-          ])
-        }
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand params.merge(base: "http://foo/bar/")}
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "unmapped properties" do
-      {
-        "unmapped key": {
-          input: %({"foo": "bar"}),
-          output: []
-        },
-        "unmapped @type as datatype": {
-          input: %({
-            "http://example.com/foo": {"@value": "bar", "@type": "baz"}
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@value": "bar", "@type": "http://example/baz"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "unknown keyword": {
-          input: %({"@foo": "bar"}),
-          output: []
-        },
-        "value": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"ex": {"@id": "http://example.org/idrange", "@type": "@id"}},
-            "@id": "http://example.org/Subj",
-            "idrange": "unmapped"
-          }),
-          output: []
-        },
-        "context reset": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"ex": "http://example.org/", "prop": "ex:prop"},
-            "@id": "http://example.org/id1",
-            "prop": "prop",
-            "ex:chain": {
-              "@context": null,
-              "@id": "http://example.org/id2",
-              "prop": "prop"
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "http://example.org/id1",
-            "http://example.org/prop": [{"@value": "prop"}],
-            "http://example.org/chain": [{"@id": "http://example.org/id2"}]
-          }])
-        }
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand params.merge(base: "http://example/")}
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "@container: @index" do
-      {
-        "string annotation": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "container": {
-                "@id": "http://example.com/container",
-                "@container": "@index"
-              }
-            },
-            "@id": "http://example.com/annotationsTest",
-            "container": {
-              "en": "The Queen",
-              "de": [ "Die Königin", "Ihre Majestät" ]
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "http://example.com/annotationsTest",
-            "http://example.com/container": [
-              {"@value": "Die Königin", "@index": "de"},
-              {"@value": "Ihre Majestät", "@index": "de"},
-              {"@value": "The Queen", "@index": "en"}
-            ]
-          }])
-        },
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand params}
-      end
-
-      context "@index: property" do
-        {
-          "error if @version is json-ld-1.0": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@vocab": "http://example.com/",
-                "container": {"@container": "@index", "@index": "prop"}
-              },
-              "@id": "http://example.com/annotationsTest",
-              "container": {
-                "en": "The Queen",
-                "de": [ "Die Königin", "Ihre Majestät" ]
-              }
-            }),
-            exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidTermDefinition,
-            processingMode: 'json-ld-1.0'
-          },
-          "error if @container does not include @index": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "@vocab": "http://example.com/",
-                "container": {"@index": "prop"}
-              },
-              "@id": "http://example.com/annotationsTest",
-              "container": {
-                "en": "The Queen",
-                "de": [ "Die Königin", "Ihre Majestät" ]
-              }
-            }),
-            exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidTermDefinition
-          },
-          "error if @index is a keyword": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "@vocab": "http://example.com/",
-                "container": {
-                  "@id": "http://example.com/container",
-                  "@container": "@index",
-                  "@index": "@index"
-                }
-              },
-              "@id": "http://example.com/annotationsTest",
-              "container": {
-                "en": "The Queen",
-                "de": [ "Die Königin", "Ihre Majestät" ]
-              }
-            }),
-            exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidTermDefinition
-          },
-          "error if @index is not a string": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "@vocab": "http://example.com/",
-                "container": {
-                  "@id": "http://example.com/container",
-                  "@container": "@index",
-                  "@index": true
-                }
-              },
-              "@id": "http://example.com/annotationsTest",
-              "container": {
-                "en": "The Queen",
-                "de": [ "Die Königin", "Ihre Majestät" ]
-              }
-            }),
-            exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidTermDefinition
-          },
-          "error if attempting to add property to value object": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "@vocab": "http://example.com/",
-                "container": {
-                  "@id": "http://example.com/container",
-                  "@container": "@index",
-                  "@index": "prop"
-                }
-              },
-              "@id": "http://example.com/annotationsTest",
-              "container": {
-                "en": "The Queen",
-                "de": [ "Die Königin", "Ihre Majestät" ]
-              }
-            }),
-            exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidValueObject
-          },
-          "property-valued index expands to property value, instead of @index (value)": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "@base": "http://example.com/",
-                "@vocab": "http://example.com/",
-                "author": {"@type": "@id", "@container": "@index", "@index": "prop"}
-              },
-              "@id": "article",
-              "author": {
-                "regular": "person/1",
-                "guest": ["person/2", "person/3"]
-              }
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "@id": "http://example.com/article",
-              "http://example.com/author": [
-                {"@id": "http://example.com/person/1", "http://example.com/prop": [{"@value": "regular"}]},
-                {"@id": "http://example.com/person/2", "http://example.com/prop": [{"@value": "guest"}]},
-                {"@id": "http://example.com/person/3", "http://example.com/prop": [{"@value": "guest"}]}
-              ]
-            }])
-          },
-          "property-valued index appends to property value, instead of @index (value)": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "@base": "http://example.com/",
-                "@vocab": "http://example.com/",
-                "author": {"@type": "@id", "@container": "@index", "@index": "prop"}
-              },
-              "@id": "article",
-              "author": {
-                "regular": {"@id": "person/1", "http://example.com/prop": "foo"},
-                "guest": [
-                  {"@id": "person/2", "prop": "foo"},
-                  {"@id": "person/3", "prop": "foo"}
-                ]
-              }
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "@id": "http://example.com/article",
-              "http://example.com/author": [
-                {"@id": "http://example.com/person/1", "http://example.com/prop": [{"@value": "regular"}, {"@value": "foo"}]},
-                {"@id": "http://example.com/person/2", "http://example.com/prop": [{"@value": "guest"}, {"@value": "foo"}]},
-                {"@id": "http://example.com/person/3", "http://example.com/prop": [{"@value": "guest"}, {"@value": "foo"}]}
-              ]
-            }])
-          },
-          "property-valued index expands to property value, instead of @index (node)": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "@base": "http://example.com/",
-                "@vocab": "http://example.com/",
-                "author": {"@type": "@id", "@container": "@index", "@index": "prop"},
-                "prop": {"@type": "@vocab"}
-              },
-              "@id": "http://example.com/article",
-              "author": {
-                "regular": "person/1",
-                "guest": ["person/2", "person/3"]
-              }
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "@id": "http://example.com/article",
-              "http://example.com/author": [
-                {"@id": "http://example.com/person/1", "http://example.com/prop": [{"@id": "http://example.com/regular"}]},
-                {"@id": "http://example.com/person/2", "http://example.com/prop": [{"@id": "http://example.com/guest"}]},
-                {"@id": "http://example.com/person/3", "http://example.com/prop": [{"@id": "http://example.com/guest"}]}
-              ]
-            }])
-          },
-          "property-valued index appends to property value, instead of @index (node)": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "@base": "http://example.com/",
-                "@vocab": "http://example.com/",
-                "author": {"@type": "@id", "@container": "@index", "@index": "prop"},
-                "prop": {"@type": "@vocab"}
-              },
-              "@id": "http://example.com/article",
-              "author": {
-                "regular": {"@id": "person/1", "prop": "foo"},
-                "guest": [
-                  {"@id": "person/2", "prop": "foo"},
-                  {"@id": "person/3", "prop": "foo"}
-                ]
-              }
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "@id": "http://example.com/article",
-              "http://example.com/author": [
-                {"@id": "http://example.com/person/1", "http://example.com/prop": [{"@id": "http://example.com/regular"}, {"@id": "http://example.com/foo"}]},
-                {"@id": "http://example.com/person/2", "http://example.com/prop": [{"@id": "http://example.com/guest"}, {"@id": "http://example.com/foo"}]},
-                {"@id": "http://example.com/person/3", "http://example.com/prop": [{"@id": "http://example.com/guest"}, {"@id": "http://example.com/foo"}]}
-              ]
-            }])
-          },
-          "property-valued index does not output property for @none": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@version": 1.1,
-                "@base": "http://example.com/",
-                "@vocab": "http://example.com/",
-                "author": {"@type": "@id", "@container": "@index", "@index": "prop"},
-                "prop": {"@type": "@vocab"}
-              },
-              "@id": "http://example.com/article",
-              "author": {
-                "@none": {"@id": "person/1"},
-                "guest": [
-                  {"@id": "person/2"},
-                  {"@id": "person/3"}
-                ]
-              }
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "@id": "http://example.com/article",
-              "http://example.com/author": [
-                {"@id": "http://example.com/person/1"},
-                {"@id": "http://example.com/person/2", "http://example.com/prop": [{"@id": "http://example.com/guest"}]},
-                {"@id": "http://example.com/person/3", "http://example.com/prop": [{"@id": "http://example.com/guest"}]}
-              ]
-            }])
-          },
-        }.each do |title, params|
-          it(title) {run_expand(validate: true, **params)}
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "@container: @list" do
-      {
-        "empty": {
-          input: %({"http://example.com/foo": {"@list": []}}),
-          output: %([{"http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": []}]}])
-        },
-        "coerced empty": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"http://example.com/foo": {"@container": "@list"}},
-            "http://example.com/foo": []
-          }),
-          output: %([{"http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": []}]}])
-        },
-        "coerced single element": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"http://example.com/foo": {"@container": "@list"}},
-            "http://example.com/foo": [ "foo" ]
-          }),
-          output: %([{"http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [{"@value": "foo"}]}]}])
-        },
-        "coerced multiple elements": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"http://example.com/foo": {"@container": "@list"}},
-            "http://example.com/foo": [ "foo", "bar" ]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [ {"@value": "foo"}, {"@value": "bar"} ]}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "native values in list": {
-          input: %({
-            "http://example.com/foo": {"@list": [1, 2]}
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [{"@value": 1}, {"@value": 2}]}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "explicit list with coerced @id values": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"http://example.com/foo": {"@type": "@id"}},
-            "http://example.com/foo": {"@list": ["http://foo", "http://bar"]}
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [{"@id": "http://foo"}, {"@id": "http://bar"}]}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "explicit list with coerced datatype values": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"http://example.com/foo": {"@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date"}},
-            "http://example.com/foo": {"@list": ["2012-04-12"]}
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [{"@value": "2012-04-12", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date"}]}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "expand-0004": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "mylist1": {"@id": "http://example.com/mylist1", "@container": "@list"},
-              "mylist2": {"@id": "http://example.com/mylist2", "@container": "@list"},
-              "myset2": {"@id": "http://example.com/myset2", "@container": "@set"},
-              "myset3": {"@id": "http://example.com/myset3", "@container": "@set"}
-            },
-            "http://example.org/property": { "@list": "one item" }
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "http://example.org/property": [
-                {
-                  "@list": [
-                    {
-                      "@value": "one item"
-                    }
-                  ]
-                }
-              ]
-            }
-          ])
-        },
-        "@list containing @list": {
-          input: %({
-            "http://example.com/foo": {"@list": [{"@list": ["baz"]}]}
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [{"@list": [{"@value": "baz"}]}]}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "@list containing empty @list": {
-          input: %({
-            "http://example.com/foo": {"@list": [{"@list": []}]}
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [{"@list": []}]}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "@list containing @list (with coercion)": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}},
-            "foo": [{"@list": ["baz"]}]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [{"@list": [{"@value": "baz"}]}]}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "@list containing empty @list (with coercion)": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}},
-            "foo": [{"@list": []}]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [{"@list": []}]}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "coerced @list containing an array": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}},
-            "foo": [["baz"]]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [{"@list": [{"@value": "baz"}]}]}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "coerced @list containing an empty array": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}},
-            "foo": [[]]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [{"@list": []}]}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "coerced @list containing deep arrays": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}},
-            "foo": [[["baz"]]]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [{"@list": [{"@list": [{"@value": "baz"}]}]}]}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "coerced @list containing deep empty arrays": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}},
-            "foo": [[[]]]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [{"@list": [{"@list": []}]}]}]
-          }]),
-        },
-        "coerced @list containing multiple lists": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}},
-            "foo": [["a"], ["b"]]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [
-              {"@list": [{"@value": "a"}]},
-              {"@list": [{"@value": "b"}]}
-            ]}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "coerced @list containing mixed list values": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}},
-            "foo": [["a"], "b"]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [
-              {"@list": [{"@value": "a"}]},
-              {"@value": "b"}
-            ]}]
-          }])
-        },
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand params}
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "@container: @set" do
-      {
-        "empty": {
-          input: %({"http://example.com/foo": {"@set": []}}),
-          output: %([{"http://example.com/foo": []}])
-        },
-        "coerced empty": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"http://example.com/foo": {"@container": "@set"}},
-            "http://example.com/foo": []
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": []
-          }])
-        },
-        "coerced single element": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"http://example.com/foo": {"@container": "@set"}},
-            "http://example.com/foo": [ "foo" ]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": [ {"@value": "foo"} ]
-          }])
-        },
-        "coerced multiple elements": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"http://example.com/foo": {"@container": "@set"}},
-            "http://example.com/foo": [ "foo", "bar" ]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": [ {"@value": "foo"}, {"@value": "bar"} ]
-          }])
-        },
-        "array containing set": {
-          input: %({
-            "http://example.com/foo": [{"@set": []}]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.com/foo": []
-          }])
-        },
-        "Free-floating values in sets": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"property": "http://example.com/property"},
-            "@graph": [{
-                "@set": [
-                    "free-floating strings in set objects are removed",
-                    {"@id": "http://example.com/free-floating-node"},
-                    {
-                        "@id": "http://example.com/node",
-                        "property": "nodes with properties are not removed"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "http://example.com/node",
-            "http://example.com/property": [
-              {
-                "@value": "nodes with properties are not removed"
-              }
-            ]
-          }])
-        }
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand params}
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "@container: @language" do
-      {
-        "simple map": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "vocab": "http://example.com/vocab/",
-              "label": {
-                "@id": "vocab:label",
-                "@container": "@language"
-              }
-            },
-            "@id": "http://example.com/queen",
-            "label": {
-              "en": "The Queen",
-              "de": [ "Die Königin", "Ihre Majestät" ]
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "@id": "http://example.com/queen",
-              "http://example.com/vocab/label": [
-                {"@value": "Die Königin", "@language": "de"},
-                {"@value": "Ihre Majestät", "@language": "de"},
-                {"@value": "The Queen", "@language": "en"}
-              ]
-            }
-          ])
-        },
-        "simple map with @none": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "vocab": "http://example.com/vocab/",
-              "label": {
-                "@id": "vocab:label",
-                "@container": "@language"
-              }
-            },
-            "@id": "http://example.com/queen",
-            "label": {
-              "en": "The Queen",
-              "de": [ "Die Königin", "Ihre Majestät" ],
-              "@none": "The Queen"
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "@id": "http://example.com/queen",
-              "http://example.com/vocab/label": [
-                {"@value": "The Queen"},
-                {"@value": "Die Königin", "@language": "de"},
-                {"@value": "Ihre Majestät", "@language": "de"},
-                {"@value": "The Queen", "@language": "en"}
-              ]
-            }
-          ])
-        },
-        "simple map with alias of @none": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "vocab": "http://example.com/vocab/",
-              "label": {
-                "@id": "vocab:label",
-                "@container": "@language"
-              },
-              "none": "@none"
-            },
-            "@id": "http://example.com/queen",
-            "label": {
-              "en": "The Queen",
-              "de": [ "Die Königin", "Ihre Majestät" ],
-              "none": "The Queen"
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "@id": "http://example.com/queen",
-              "http://example.com/vocab/label": [
-                {"@value": "Die Königin", "@language": "de"},
-                {"@value": "Ihre Majestät", "@language": "de"},
-                {"@value": "The Queen", "@language": "en"},
-                {"@value": "The Queen"}
-              ]
-            }
-          ])
-        },
-        "simple map with default direction": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@direction": "ltr",
-              "vocab": "http://example.com/vocab/",
-              "label": {
-                "@id": "vocab:label",
-                "@container": "@language"
-              }
-            },
-            "@id": "http://example.com/queen",
-            "label": {
-              "en": "The Queen",
-              "de": [ "Die Königin", "Ihre Majestät" ]
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "@id": "http://example.com/queen",
-              "http://example.com/vocab/label": [
-                {"@value": "Die Königin", "@language": "de", "@direction": "ltr"},
-                {"@value": "Ihre Majestät", "@language": "de", "@direction": "ltr"},
-                {"@value": "The Queen", "@language": "en", "@direction": "ltr"}
-              ]
-            }
-          ])
-        },
-        "simple map with term direction": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "vocab": "http://example.com/vocab/",
-              "label": {
-                "@id": "vocab:label",
-                "@direction": "ltr",
-                "@container": "@language"
-              }
-            },
-            "@id": "http://example.com/queen",
-            "label": {
-              "en": "The Queen",
-              "de": [ "Die Königin", "Ihre Majestät" ]
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "@id": "http://example.com/queen",
-              "http://example.com/vocab/label": [
-                {"@value": "Die Königin", "@language": "de", "@direction": "ltr"},
-                {"@value": "Ihre Majestät", "@language": "de", "@direction": "ltr"},
-                {"@value": "The Queen", "@language": "en", "@direction": "ltr"}
-              ]
-            }
-          ])
-        },
-        "simple map with overriding term direction": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "vocab": "http://example.com/vocab/",
-              "@direction": "rtl",
-              "label": {
-                "@id": "vocab:label",
-                "@direction": "ltr",
-                "@container": "@language"
-              }
-            },
-            "@id": "http://example.com/queen",
-            "label": {
-              "en": "The Queen",
-              "de": [ "Die Königin", "Ihre Majestät" ]
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "@id": "http://example.com/queen",
-              "http://example.com/vocab/label": [
-                {"@value": "Die Königin", "@language": "de", "@direction": "ltr"},
-                {"@value": "Ihre Majestät", "@language": "de", "@direction": "ltr"},
-                {"@value": "The Queen", "@language": "en", "@direction": "ltr"}
-              ]
-            }
-          ])
-        },
-        "simple map with overriding null direction": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "vocab": "http://example.com/vocab/",
-              "@direction": "rtl",
-              "label": {
-                "@id": "vocab:label",
-                "@direction": null,
-                "@container": "@language"
-              }
-            },
-            "@id": "http://example.com/queen",
-            "label": {
-              "en": "The Queen",
-              "de": [ "Die Königin", "Ihre Majestät" ]
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "@id": "http://example.com/queen",
-              "http://example.com/vocab/label": [
-                {"@value": "Die Königin", "@language": "de"},
-                {"@value": "Ihre Majestät", "@language": "de"},
-                {"@value": "The Queen", "@language": "en"}
-              ]
-            }
-          ])
-        },
-        "expand-0035": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example.com/vocab/",
-              "@language": "it",
-              "label": {
-                "@container": "@language"
-              }
-            },
-            "@id": "http://example.com/queen",
-            "label": {
-              "en": "The Queen",
-              "de": [ "Die Königin", "Ihre Majestät" ]
-            },
-            "http://example.com/vocab/label": [
-              "Il re",
-              { "@value": "The king", "@language": "en" }
-            ]
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "@id": "http://example.com/queen",
-              "http://example.com/vocab/label": [
-                {"@value": "Il re", "@language": "it"},
-                {"@value": "The king", "@language": "en"},
-                {"@value": "Die Königin", "@language": "de"},
-                {"@value": "Ihre Majestät", "@language": "de"},
-                {"@value": "The Queen", "@language": "en"}
-              ]
-            }
-          ])
-        }
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand params}
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "@container: @id" do
-      {
-        "Adds @id to object not having an @id": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "idmap": {"@container": "@id"}
-            },
-            "idmap": {
-              "http://example.org/foo": {"label": "Object with @id <foo>"},
-              "_:bar": {"label": "Object with @id _:bar"}
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example/idmap": [
-              {"http://example/label": [{"@value": "Object with @id _:bar"}], "@id": "_:bar"},
-              {"http://example/label": [{"@value": "Object with @id <foo>"}], "@id": "http://example.org/foo"}
-            ]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Retains @id in object already having an @id": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "idmap": {"@container": "@id"}
-            },
-            "idmap": {
-              "http://example.org/foo": {"@id": "http://example.org/bar", "label": "Object with @id <foo>"},
-              "_:bar": {"@id": "_:foo", "label": "Object with @id _:bar"}
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example/idmap": [
-              {"@id": "_:foo", "http://example/label": [{"@value": "Object with @id _:bar"}]},
-              {"@id": "http://example.org/bar", "http://example/label": [{"@value": "Object with @id <foo>"}]}
-            ]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Adds expanded @id to object": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "idmap": {"@container": "@id"}
-            },
-            "idmap": {
-              "foo": {"label": "Object with @id <foo>"}
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example/idmap": [
-              {"http://example/label": [{"@value": "Object with @id <foo>"}], "@id": "http://example.org/foo"}
-            ]
-          }]),
-          base: "http://example.org/"
-        },
-        "Raises InvalidContainerMapping if processingMode is 1.0": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "idmap": {"@container": "@id"}
-            },
-            "idmap": {
-              "http://example.org/foo": {"label": "Object with @id <foo>"},
-              "_:bar": {"label": "Object with @id _:bar"}
-            }
-          }),
-          processingMode: 'json-ld-1.0',
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidContainerMapping
-        },
-        "Does not add @id if it is @none, or expands to @none": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "idmap": {"@container": "@id"},
-              "none": "@none"
-            },
-            "idmap": {
-              "@none": {"label": "Object with no @id"},
-              "none": {"label": "Another object with no @id"}
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example/idmap": [
-              {"http://example/label": [{"@value": "Object with no @id"}]},
-              {"http://example/label": [{"@value": "Another object with no @id"}]}
-            ]
-          }])
-        }
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand({processingMode: "json-ld-1.1"}.merge(params))}
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "@container: @type" do
-      {
-        "Adds @type to object not having an @type": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "typemap": {"@container": "@type"}
-            },
-            "typemap": {
-              "http://example.org/foo": {"label": "Object with @type <foo>"},
-              "_:bar": {"label": "Object with @type _:bar"}
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example/typemap": [
-              {"http://example/label": [{"@value": "Object with @type _:bar"}], "@type": ["_:bar"]},
-              {"http://example/label": [{"@value": "Object with @type <foo>"}], "@type": ["http://example.org/foo"]}
-            ]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Prepends @type in object already having an @type": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "typemap": {"@container": "@type"}
-            },
-            "typemap": {
-              "http://example.org/foo": {"@type": "http://example.org/bar", "label": "Object with @type <foo>"},
-              "_:bar": {"@type": "_:foo", "label": "Object with @type _:bar"}
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example/typemap": [
-              {
-                "@type": ["_:bar", "_:foo"],
-                "http://example/label": [{"@value": "Object with @type _:bar"}]
-              },
-              {
-                "@type": ["http://example.org/foo", "http://example.org/bar"],
-                "http://example/label": [{"@value": "Object with @type <foo>"}]
-              }
-            ]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Adds vocabulary expanded @type to object": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "typemap": {"@container": "@type"}
-            },
-            "typemap": {
-              "Foo": {"label": "Object with @type <foo>"}
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example/typemap": [
-              {"http://example/label": [{"@value": "Object with @type <foo>"}], "@type": ["http://example/Foo"]}
-            ]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Adds document expanded @type to object": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "typemap": {"@container": "@type"},
-              "label": "http://example/label"
-            },
-            "typemap": {
-              "Foo": {"label": "Object with @type <foo>"}
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example/typemap": [
-              {"http://example/label": [{"@value": "Object with @type <foo>"}], "@type": ["http://example/Foo"]}
-            ]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Does not add @type if it is @none, or expands to @none": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "typemap": {"@container": "@type"},
-              "none": "@none"
-            },
-            "typemap": {
-              "@none": {"label": "Object with no @type"},
-              "none": {"label": "Another object with no @type"}
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example/typemap": [
-              {"http://example/label": [{"@value": "Object with no @type"}]},
-              {"http://example/label": [{"@value": "Another object with no @type"}]}
-            ]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Raises InvalidContainerMapping if processingMode is 1.0": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "typemap": {"@container": "@type"}
-            },
-            "typemap": {
-              "http://example.org/foo": {"label": "Object with @type <foo>"},
-              "_:bar": {"label": "Object with @type _:bar"}
-            }
-          }),
-          processingMode: 'json-ld-1.0',
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidContainerMapping
-        },
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand({processingMode: "json-ld-1.1"}.merge(params))}
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "@container: @graph" do
-      {
-        "Creates a graph object given a value": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-              "input": {"@container": "@graph"}
-            },
-            "input": {
-              "value": "x"
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/input": [{
-              "@graph": [{
-                "http://example.org/value": [{"@value": "x"}]
-              }]
-            }]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Creates a graph object within an array given a value": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-              "input": {"@container": ["@graph", "@set"]}
-            },
-            "input": {
-              "value": "x"
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/input": [{
-              "@graph": [{
-                "http://example.org/value": [{"@value": "x"}]
-              }]
-            }]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Creates an graph object if value is a graph": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-              "input": {"@container": "@graph"}
-            },
-            "input": {
-              "@graph": {
-                "value": "x"
-              }
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/input": [{
-              "@graph": [{
-                "@graph": [{
-                  "http://example.org/value": [{"@value": "x"}]
-                }]
-              }]
-            }]
-          }])
-        },
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand({processingMode: "json-ld-1.1"}.merge(params))}
-      end
-
-      context "+ @index" do
-        {
-          "Creates a graph object given an indexed value": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-                "input": {"@container": ["@graph", "@index"]}
-              },
-              "input": {
-                "g1": {"value": "x"}
-              }
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/input": [{
-                "@index": "g1",
-                "@graph": [{
-                  "http://example.org/value": [{"@value": "x"}]
-                }]
-              }]
-            }])
-          },
-          "Creates a graph object given an indexed value with index @none": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-                "input": {"@container": ["@graph", "@index"]}
-              },
-              "input": {
-                "@none": {"value": "x"}
-              }
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/input": [{
-                "@graph": [{
-                  "http://example.org/value": [{"@value": "x"}]
-                }]
-              }]
-            }])
-          },
-          "Creates a graph object given an indexed value with index alias of @none": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-                "input": {"@container": ["@graph", "@index"]},
-                "none": "@none"
-              },
-              "input": {
-                "none": {"value": "x"}
-              }
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/input": [{
-                "@graph": [{
-                  "http://example.org/value": [{"@value": "x"}]
-                }]
-              }]
-            }])
-          },
-          "Creates a graph object given an indexed value with @set": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-                "input": {"@container": ["@graph", "@index", "@set"]}
-              },
-              "input": {
-                "g1": {"value": "x"}
-              }
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/input": [{
-                "@index": "g1",
-                "@graph": [{
-                  "http://example.org/value": [{"@value": "x"}]
-                }]
-              }]
-            }])
-          },
-          "Does not create a new graph object if indexed value is already a graph object": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-                "input": {"@container": ["@graph", "@index"]}
-              },
-              "input": {
-                "g1": {
-                  "@graph": {
-                    "value": "x"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/input": [{
-                "@index": "g1",
-                "@graph": [{
-                  "http://example.org/value": [{"@value": "x"}]
-                }]
-              }]
-            }])
-          },
-        }.each do |title, params|
-          it(title) {run_expand({processingMode: "json-ld-1.1"}.merge(params))}
-        end
-
-        context "@index: property" do
-          {
-            "it expands to property value, instead of @index": {
-              input: %({
-                "@context": {
-                  "@version": 1.1,
-                  "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-                  "input": {"@container": ["@graph", "@index"], "@index": "prop"}
-                },
-                "input": {
-                  "g1": {"value": "x"}
-                }
-              }),
-              output: %([{
-                "http://example.org/input": [{
-                  "http://example.org/prop": [{"@value": "g1"}],
-                  "@graph": [{
-                    "http://example.org/value": [{"@value": "x"}]
-                  }]
-                }]
-              }])
-            },
-          }.each do |title, params|
-            it(title) {run_expand(validate: true, **params)}
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      context "+ @id" do
-        {
-          "Creates a graph object given an indexed value": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-                "input": {"@container": ["@graph", "@id"]}
-              },
-              "input": {
-                "http://example.com/g1": {"value": "x"}
-              }
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/input": [{
-                "@id": "http://example.com/g1",
-                "@graph": [{
-                  "http://example.org/value": [{"@value": "x"}]
-                }]
-              }]
-            }])
-          },
-          "Creates a graph object given an indexed value of @none": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-                "input": {"@container": ["@graph", "@id"]}
-              },
-              "input": {
-                "@none": {"value": "x"}
-              }
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/input": [{
-                "@graph": [{
-                  "http://example.org/value": [{"@value": "x"}]
-                }]
-              }]
-            }])
-          },
-          "Creates a graph object given an indexed value of alias of @none": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-                "input": {"@container": ["@graph", "@id"]},
-                "none": "@none"
-              },
-              "input": {
-                "none": {"value": "x"}
-              }
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/input": [{
-                "@graph": [{
-                  "http://example.org/value": [{"@value": "x"}]
-                }]
-              }]
-            }])
-          },
-          "Creates a graph object given an indexed value with @set": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-                "input": {"@container": ["@graph", "@id", "@set"]}
-              },
-              "input": {
-                "http://example.com/g1": {"value": "x"}
-              }
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/input": [{
-                "@id": "http://example.com/g1",
-                "@graph": [{
-                  "http://example.org/value": [{"@value": "x"}]
-                }]
-              }]
-            }])
-          },
-          "Does not create a new graph object if indexed value is already a graph object": {
-            input: %({
-              "@context": {
-                "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-                "input": {"@container": ["@graph", "@id"]}
-              },
-              "input": {
-                "http://example.com/g1": {
-                  "@graph": {
-                    "value": "x"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            }),
-            output: %([{
-              "http://example.org/input": [{
-                "@id": "http://example.com/g1",
-                "@graph": [{
-                  "http://example.org/value": [{"@value": "x"}]
-                }]
-              }]
-            }])
-          },
-        }.each do |title, params|
-          it(title) {run_expand({processingMode: "json-ld-1.1"}.merge(params))}
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "@included" do
-      {
-        "Basic Included array": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/"
-            },
-            "prop": "value",
-            "@included": [{
-              "prop": "value2"
-            }]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/prop": [{"@value": "value"}],
-            "@included": [{
-              "http://example.org/prop": [{"@value": "value2"}]
-            }]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Basic Included object": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/"
-            },
-            "prop": "value",
-            "@included": {
-              "prop": "value2"
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/prop": [{"@value": "value"}],
-            "@included": [{
-              "http://example.org/prop": [{"@value": "value2"}]
-            }]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Multiple properties mapping to @included are folded together": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-              "included1": "@included",
-              "included2": "@included"
-            },
-            "included1": {"prop": "value1"},
-            "included2": {"prop": "value2"}
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@included": [
-              {"http://example.org/prop": [{"@value": "value1"}]},
-              {"http://example.org/prop": [{"@value": "value2"}]}
-            ]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Included containing @included": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/"
-            },
-            "prop": "value",
-            "@included": {
-              "prop": "value2",
-              "@included": {
-                "prop": "value3"
-              }
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/prop": [{"@value": "value"}],
-            "@included": [{
-              "http://example.org/prop": [{"@value": "value2"}],
-              "@included": [{
-                "http://example.org/prop": [{"@value": "value3"}]
-              }]
-            }]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Property value with @included": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/"
-            },
-            "prop": {
-              "@type": "Foo",
-              "@included": {
-                "@type": "Bar"
-              }
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/prop": [{
-              "@type": ["http://example.org/Foo"],
-              "@included": [{
-                "@type": ["http://example.org/Bar"]
-              }]
-            }]
-          }])
-        },
-        "json.api example": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/vocab#",
-              "@base": "http://example.org/base/",
-              "id": "@id",
-              "type": "@type",
-              "data": "@nest",
-              "attributes": "@nest",
-              "links": "@nest",
-              "relationships": "@nest",
-              "included": "@included",
-              "self": {"@type": "@id"},
-              "related": {"@type": "@id"},
-              "comments": {
-                "@context": {
-                  "data": null
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            "data": [{
-              "type": "articles",
-              "id": "1",
-              "attributes": {
-                "title": "JSON:API paints my bikeshed!"
-              },
-              "links": {
-                "self": "http://example.com/articles/1"
-              },
-              "relationships": {
-                "author": {
-                  "links": {
-                    "self": "http://example.com/articles/1/relationships/author",
-                    "related": "http://example.com/articles/1/author"
-                  },
-                  "data": { "type": "people", "id": "9" }
-                },
-                "comments": {
-                  "links": {
-                    "self": "http://example.com/articles/1/relationships/comments",
-                    "related": "http://example.com/articles/1/comments"
-                  },
-                  "data": [
-                    { "type": "comments", "id": "5" },
-                    { "type": "comments", "id": "12" }
-                  ]
-                }
-              }
-            }],
-            "included": [{
-              "type": "people",
-              "id": "9",
-              "attributes": {
-                "first-name": "Dan",
-                "last-name": "Gebhardt",
-                "twitter": "dgeb"
-              },
-              "links": {
-                "self": "http://example.com/people/9"
-              }
-            }, {
-              "type": "comments",
-              "id": "5",
-              "attributes": {
-                "body": "First!"
-              },
-              "relationships": {
-                "author": {
-                  "data": { "type": "people", "id": "2" }
-                }
-              },
-              "links": {
-                "self": "http://example.com/comments/5"
-              }
-            }, {
-              "type": "comments",
-              "id": "12",
-              "attributes": {
-                "body": "I like XML better"
-              },
-              "relationships": {
-                "author": {
-                  "data": { "type": "people", "id": "9" }
-                }
-              },
-              "links": {
-                "self": "http://example.com/comments/12"
-              }
-            }]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "http://example.org/base/1",
-            "@type": ["http://example.org/vocab#articles"],
-            "http://example.org/vocab#title": [{"@value": "JSON:API paints my bikeshed!"}],
-            "http://example.org/vocab#self": [{"@id": "http://example.com/articles/1"}],
-            "http://example.org/vocab#author": [{
-              "@id": "http://example.org/base/9",
-              "@type": ["http://example.org/vocab#people"],
-              "http://example.org/vocab#self": [{"@id": "http://example.com/articles/1/relationships/author"}],
-              "http://example.org/vocab#related": [{"@id": "http://example.com/articles/1/author"}]
-            }],
-            "http://example.org/vocab#comments": [{
-              "http://example.org/vocab#self": [{"@id": "http://example.com/articles/1/relationships/comments"}],
-              "http://example.org/vocab#related": [{"@id": "http://example.com/articles/1/comments"}]
-            }],
-            "@included": [{
-              "@id": "http://example.org/base/9",
-              "@type": ["http://example.org/vocab#people"],
-              "http://example.org/vocab#first-name": [{"@value": "Dan"}],
-              "http://example.org/vocab#last-name": [{"@value": "Gebhardt"}],
-              "http://example.org/vocab#twitter": [{"@value": "dgeb"}],
-              "http://example.org/vocab#self": [{"@id": "http://example.com/people/9"}]
-            }, {
-              "@id": "http://example.org/base/5",
-              "@type": ["http://example.org/vocab#comments"],
-              "http://example.org/vocab#body": [{"@value": "First!"}],
-              "http://example.org/vocab#author": [{
-                "@id": "http://example.org/base/2",
-                "@type": ["http://example.org/vocab#people"]
-              }],
-              "http://example.org/vocab#self": [{"@id": "http://example.com/comments/5"}]
-            }, {
-              "@id": "http://example.org/base/12",
-              "@type": ["http://example.org/vocab#comments"],
-              "http://example.org/vocab#body": [{"@value": "I like XML better"}],
-              "http://example.org/vocab#author": [{
-                "@id": "http://example.org/base/9",
-                "@type": ["http://example.org/vocab#people"]
-              }],
-              "http://example.org/vocab#self": [{"@id": "http://example.com/comments/12"}]
-            }]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Error if @included value is a string": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/"
-            },
-            "@included": "string"
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidIncludedValue
-        },
-        "Error if @included value is a value object": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/"
-            },
-            "@included": {"@value": "value"}
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidIncludedValue
-        },
-        "Error if @included value is a list object": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/"
-            },
-            "@included": {"@list": ["value"]}
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidIncludedValue
-        },
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand(params)}
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "@nest" do
-      {
-        "Expands input using @nest": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"@vocab": "http://example.org/"},
-            "p1": "v1",
-            "@nest": {
-              "p2": "v2"
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/p1": [{"@value": "v1"}],
-            "http://example.org/p2": [{"@value": "v2"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Expands input using aliased @nest": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-              "nest": "@nest"
-            },
-            "p1": "v1",
-            "nest": {
-              "p2": "v2"
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/p1": [{"@value": "v1"}],
-            "http://example.org/p2": [{"@value": "v2"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Appends nested values when property at base and nested": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-              "nest": "@nest"
-            },
-            "p1": "v1",
-            "nest": {
-              "p2": "v3"
-            },
-            "p2": "v2"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/p1": [{"@value": "v1"}],
-            "http://example.org/p2": [
-              {"@value": "v2"},
-              {"@value": "v3"}
-            ]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Appends nested values from all @nest aliases in term order": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-              "nest1": "@nest",
-              "nest2": "@nest"
-            },
-            "p1": "v1",
-            "nest2": {
-              "p2": "v4"
-            },
-            "p2": "v2",
-            "nest1": {
-              "p2": "v3"
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/p1": [{"@value": "v1"}],
-            "http://example.org/p2": [
-              {"@value": "v2"},
-              {"@value": "v3"},
-              {"@value": "v4"}
-            ]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Nested nested containers": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/"
-            },
-            "p1": "v1",
-            "@nest": {
-              "p2": "v3",
-              "@nest": {
-                "p2": "v4"
-              }
-            },
-            "p2": "v2"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/p1": [{"@value": "v1"}],
-            "http://example.org/p2": [
-              {"@value": "v2"},
-              {"@value": "v3"},
-              {"@value": "v4"}
-            ]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Arrays of nested values": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-              "nest": "@nest"
-            },
-            "p1": "v1",
-            "nest": {
-              "p2": ["v4", "v5"]
-            },
-            "p2": ["v2", "v3"]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/p1": [{"@value": "v1"}],
-            "http://example.org/p2": [
-              {"@value": "v2"},
-              {"@value": "v3"},
-              {"@value": "v4"},
-              {"@value": "v5"}
-            ]
-          }])
-        },
-        "A nest of arrays": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-              "nest": "@nest"
-            },
-            "p1": "v1",
-            "nest": [{
-              "p2": "v4"
-            }, {
-              "p2": "v5"
-            }],
-            "p2": ["v2", "v3"]
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/p1": [{"@value": "v1"}],
-            "http://example.org/p2": [
-              {"@value": "v2"},
-              {"@value": "v3"},
-              {"@value": "v4"},
-              {"@value": "v5"}
-            ]
-          }])
-        },
-        "@nest MUST NOT have a string value": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"@vocab": "http://example.org/"},
-            "@nest": "This should generate an error"
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidNestValue
-        },
-        "@nest MUST NOT have a boolen value": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"@vocab": "http://example.org/"},
-            "@nest": true
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidNestValue
-        },
-        "@nest MUST NOT have a numeric value": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"@vocab": "http://example.org/"},
-            "@nest": 1
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidNestValue
-        },
-        "@nest MUST NOT have a value object value": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"@vocab": "http://example.org/"},
-            "@nest": {"@value": "This should generate an error"}
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidNestValue
-        },
-        "@nest in term definition MUST NOT be a non-@nest keyword": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-              "nest": {"@nest": "@id"}
-            },
-            "nest": "This should generate an error"
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidNestValue
-        },
-        "@nest in term definition MUST NOT have a boolen value": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-              "nest": {"@nest": true}
-            },
-            "nest": "This should generate an error"
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidNestValue
-        },
-        "@nest in term definition MUST NOT have a numeric value": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-              "nest": {"@nest": 123}
-            },
-            "nest": "This should generate an error"
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidNestValue
-        },
-        "Nested @container: @list": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-              "list": {"@container": "@list", "@nest": "nestedlist"},
-              "nestedlist": "@nest"
-            },
-            "nestedlist": {
-              "list": ["a", "b"]
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/list": [{"@list": [
-              {"@value": "a"},
-              {"@value": "b"}
-            ]}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Nested @container: @index": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-              "index": {"@container": "@index", "@nest": "nestedindex"},
-              "nestedindex": "@nest"
-            },
-            "nestedindex": {
-              "index": {
-                "A": "a",
-                "B": "b"
-              }
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/index": [
-              {"@value": "a", "@index": "A"},
-              {"@value": "b", "@index": "B"}
-            ]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Nested @container: @language": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-              "container": {"@container": "@language", "@nest": "nestedlanguage"},
-              "nestedlanguage": "@nest"
-            },
-            "nestedlanguage": {
-              "container": {
-                "en": "The Queen",
-                "de": "Die Königin"
-              }
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/container": [
-              {"@value": "Die Königin", "@language": "de"},
-              {"@value": "The Queen", "@language": "en"}
-            ]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Nested @container: @type": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "typemap": {"@container": "@type", "@nest": "nestedtypemap"},
-              "nestedtypemap": "@nest"
-            },
-            "nestedtypemap": {
-              "typemap": {
-                "http://example.org/foo": {"label": "Object with @type <foo>"},
-                "_:bar": {"label": "Object with @type _:bar"}
-              }
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example/typemap": [
-              {"http://example/label": [{"@value": "Object with @type _:bar"}], "@type": ["_:bar"]},
-              {"http://example/label": [{"@value": "Object with @type <foo>"}], "@type": ["http://example.org/foo"]}
-            ]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Nested @container: @id": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "idmap": {"@container": "@id", "@nest": "nestedidmap"},
-              "nestedidmap": "@nest"
-            },
-            "nestedidmap": {
-              "idmap": {
-                "http://example.org/foo": {"label": "Object with @id <foo>"},
-                "_:bar": {"label": "Object with @id _:bar"}
-              }
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example/idmap": [
-              {"http://example/label": [{"@value": "Object with @id _:bar"}], "@id": "_:bar"},
-              {"http://example/label": [{"@value": "Object with @id <foo>"}], "@id": "http://example.org/foo"}
-            ]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Nest term an invalid keyword": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "term": {"@id": "http://example/term", "@nest": "@id"}
-            }
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidNestValue
-        },
-        "Nest in @reverse": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "term": {"@reverse": "http://example/term", "@nest": "@nest"}
-            }
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidReverseProperty
-        },
-        "Raises InvalidTermDefinition if processingMode is 1.0": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-              "list": {"@container": "@list", "@nest": "nestedlist"},
-              "nestedlist": "@nest"
-            },
-            "nestedlist": {
-              "list": ["a", "b"]
-            }
-          }),
-          processingMode: 'json-ld-1.0',
-          validate: true,
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidTermDefinition
-        },
-        "Applies property scoped contexts which are aliases of @nest": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "@vocab": "http://example.org/",
-              "nest": {
-                "@id": "@nest",
-                "@context": {
-                  "@vocab": "http://example.org/nest/"
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            "nest": {
-              "property": "should be in /nest"
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example.org/nest/property": [{"@value": "should be in /nest"}]
-          }])
-        }
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand({processingMode: "json-ld-1.1"}.merge(params))}
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "scoped context" do
-      {
-        "adding new term": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "foo": {"@context": {"bar": "http://example.org/bar"}}
-            },
-            "foo": {
-              "bar": "baz"
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "http://example/foo": [{"http://example.org/bar": [{"@value": "baz"}]}]
-            }
-          ])
-        },
-        "overriding a term": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "foo": {"@context": {"bar": {"@type": "@id"}}},
-              "bar": {"@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"}
-            },
-            "foo": {
-              "bar": "http://example/baz"
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "http://example/foo": [{"http://example/bar": [{"@id": "http://example/baz"}]}]
-            }
-          ])
-        },
-        "property and value with different terms mapping to the same expanded property": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "foo": {"@context": {"Bar": {"@id": "bar"}}}
-            },
-            "foo": {
-              "Bar": "baz"
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "http://example/foo": [{
-                "http://example/bar": [
-                  {"@value": "baz"}
-                ]}
-              ]
-            }
-          ])
-        },
-        "deep @context affects nested nodes": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "foo": {"@context": {"baz": {"@type": "@vocab"}}}
-            },
-            "foo": {
-              "bar": {
-                "baz": "buzz"
-              }
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "http://example/foo": [{
-                "http://example/bar": [{
-                  "http://example/baz": [{"@id": "http://example/buzz"}]
-                }]
-              }]
-            }
-          ])
-        },
-        "scoped context layers on intemediate contexts": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "b": {"@context": {"c": "http://example.org/c"}}
-            },
-            "a": {
-              "@context": {"@vocab": "http://example.com/"},
-              "b": {
-                "a": "A in example.com",
-                "c": "C in example.org"
-              },
-              "c": "C in example.com"
-            },
-            "c": "C in example"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example/a": [{
-              "http://example.com/c": [{"@value": "C in example.com"}],
-              "http://example/b": [{
-                "http://example.com/a": [{"@value": "A in example.com"}],
-                "http://example.org/c": [{"@value": "C in example.org"}]
-              }]
-            }],
-            "http://example/c": [{"@value": "C in example"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Raises InvalidTermDefinition if processingMode is 1.0": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "foo": {"@context": {"bar": "http://example.org/bar"}}
-            },
-            "foo": {
-              "bar": "baz"
-            }
-          }),
-          processingMode: 'json-ld-1.0',
-          validate: true,
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidTermDefinition
-        },
-        "Scoped on id map": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@version": 1.1,
-              "schema": "http://schema.org/",
-              "name": "schema:name",
-              "body": "schema:articleBody",
-              "words": "schema:wordCount",
-              "post": {
-                "@id": "schema:blogPost",
-                "@container": "@id",
-                "@context": {
-                  "@base": "http://example.com/posts/"
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            "@id": "http://example.com/",
-            "@type": "schema:Blog",
-            "name": "World Financial News",
-            "post": {
-              "1/en": {
-                "body": "World commodities were up today with heavy trading of crude oil...",
-                "words": 1539
-              },
-              "1/de": {
-                "body": "Die Werte an Warenbörsen stiegen im Sog eines starken Handels von Rohöl...",
-                "words": 1204
-              }
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "http://example.com/",
-            "@type": ["http://schema.org/Blog"],
-            "http://schema.org/name": [{"@value": "World Financial News"}],
-            "http://schema.org/blogPost": [{
-              "@id": "http://example.com/posts/1/en",
-              "http://schema.org/articleBody": [
-                {"@value": "World commodities were up today with heavy trading of crude oil..."}
-              ],
-              "http://schema.org/wordCount": [{"@value": 1539}]
-            }, {
-              "@id": "http://example.com/posts/1/de",
-              "http://schema.org/articleBody": [
-                {"@value": "Die Werte an Warenbörsen stiegen im Sog eines starken Handels von Rohöl..."}
-              ],
-              "http://schema.org/wordCount": [{"@value": 1204}]
-            }]
-          }])
-        }
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand({processingMode: "json-ld-1.1"}.merge(params))}
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "scoped context on @type" do
-      {
-        "adding new term": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "Foo": {"@context": {"bar": "http://example.org/bar"}}
-            },
-            "a": {"@type": "Foo", "bar": "baz"}
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "http://example/a": [{
-                "@type": ["http://example/Foo"],
-                "http://example.org/bar": [{"@value": "baz"}]
-              }]
-            }
-          ])
-        },
-        "overriding a term": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "Foo": {"@context": {"bar": {"@type": "@id"}}},
-              "bar": {"@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"}
-            },
-            "a": {"@type": "Foo", "bar": "http://example/baz"}
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "http://example/a": [{
-                "@type": ["http://example/Foo"],
-                "http://example/bar": [{"@id": "http://example/baz"}]
-              }]
-            }
-          ])
-        },
-        "alias of @type": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "type": "@type",
-              "Foo": {"@context": {"bar": "http://example.org/bar"}}
-            },
-            "a": {"type": "Foo", "bar": "baz"}
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "http://example/a": [{
-                "@type": ["http://example/Foo"],
-                "http://example.org/bar": [{"@value": "baz"}]
-              }]
-            }
-          ])
-        },
-        "deep @context does not affect nested nodes": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "Foo": {"@context": {"baz": {"@type": "@vocab"}}}
-            },
-            "@type": "Foo",
-            "bar": {"baz": "buzz"}
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "@type": ["http://example/Foo"],
-              "http://example/bar": [{
-                "http://example/baz": [{"@value": "buzz"}]
-              }]
-            }
-          ])
-        },
-        "scoped context layers on intemediate contexts": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "B": {"@context": {"c": "http://example.org/c"}}
-            },
-            "a": {
-              "@context": {"@vocab": "http://example.com/"},
-              "@type": "B",
-              "a": "A in example.com",
-              "c": "C in example.org"
-            },
-            "c": "C in example"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example/a": [{
-              "@type": ["http://example/B"],
-              "http://example.com/a": [{"@value": "A in example.com"}],
-              "http://example.org/c": [{"@value": "C in example.org"}]
-            }],
-            "http://example/c": [{"@value": "C in example"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "with @container: @type": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "typemap": {"@container": "@type"},
-              "Type": {"@context": {"a": "http://example.org/a"}}
-            },
-            "typemap": {
-              "Type": {"a": "Object with @type <Type>"}
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "http://example/typemap": [
-              {"http://example.org/a": [{"@value": "Object with @type <Type>"}], "@type": ["http://example/Type"]}
-            ]
-          }])
-        },
-        "orders lexicographically": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "t1": {"@context": {"foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo"}}},
-              "t2": {"@context": {"foo": {"@id": "http://example.org/foo", "@type": "@id"}}}
-            },
-            "@type": ["t2", "t1"],
-            "foo": "urn:bar"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@type": ["http://example/t2", "http://example/t1"],
-            "http://example.org/foo": [
-              {"@id": "urn:bar"}
-            ]
-          }])
-        },
-        "Raises InvalidTermDefinition if processingMode is 1.0": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "Foo": {"@context": {"bar": "http://example.org/bar"}}
-            },
-            "a": {"@type": "Foo", "bar": "baz"}
-          }),
-          processingMode: 'json-ld-1.0',
-          validate: true,
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidTermDefinition
-        },
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand({processingMode: "json-ld-1.1"}.merge(params))}
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "@reverse" do
-      {
-        "@container: @reverse": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "@vocab": "http://example/",
-              "rev": { "@reverse": "forward", "@type": "@id"}
-            },
-            "@id": "http://example/one",
-            "rev": "http://example/two"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "http://example/one",
-            "@reverse": {
-              "http://example/forward": [
-                {
-                  "@id": "http://example/two"
-                }
-              ]
-            }
-          }])
-        },
-        "expand-0037": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name"
-            },
-            "@id": "http://example.com/people/markus",
-            "name": "Markus Lanthaler",
-            "@reverse": {
-              "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows": {
-                "@id": "http://example.com/people/dave",
-                "name": "Dave Longley"
-              }
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "@id": "http://example.com/people/markus",
-              "@reverse": {
-                "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows": [
-                  {
-                    "@id": "http://example.com/people/dave",
-                    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
-                      {
-                        "@value": "Dave Longley"
-                      }
-                    ]
-                  }
-                ]
-              },
-              "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
-                {
-                  "@value": "Markus Lanthaler"
-                }
-              ]
-            }
-          ])
-        },
-        "expand-0043": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
-              "isKnownBy": { "@reverse": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows" }
-            },
-            "@id": "http://example.com/people/markus",
-            "name": "Markus Lanthaler",
-            "@reverse": {
-              "isKnownBy": [
-                {
-                  "@id": "http://example.com/people/dave",
-                  "name": "Dave Longley"
-                },
-                {
-                  "@id": "http://example.com/people/gregg",
-                  "name": "Gregg Kellogg"
-                }
-              ]
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([
-            {
-              "@id": "http://example.com/people/markus",
-              "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows": [
-                {
-                  "@id": "http://example.com/people/dave",
-                  "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
-                    {
-                      "@value": "Dave Longley"
-                    }
-                  ]
-                },
-                {
-                  "@id": "http://example.com/people/gregg",
-                  "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
-                    {
-                      "@value": "Gregg Kellogg"
-                    }
-                  ]
-                }
-              ],
-              "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
-                {
-                  "@value": "Markus Lanthaler"
-                }
-              ]
-            }
-          ])
-        },
-        "@reverse object with an @id property": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "http://example/foo",
-            "@reverse": {
-              "@id": "http://example/bar"
-            }
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidReversePropertyMap,
-        },
-        "Explicit and implicit @reverse in same object": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "fooOf": {"@reverse": "ex:foo", "@type": "@id"}
-            },
-            "@id": "ex:s",
-            "fooOf": "ex:o1",
-            "@reverse": {
-              "ex:bar": {"@id": "ex:o2"}
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "ex:s",
-            "@reverse": {
-              "ex:bar": [{"@id": "ex:o2"}],
-              "ex:foo": [{"@id": "ex:o1"}]
-            }
-          }])
-        },
-        "Two properties both with @reverse": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "fooOf": {"@reverse": "ex:foo", "@type": "@id"},
-              "barOf": {"@reverse": "ex:bar", "@type": "@id"}
-            },
-            "@id": "ex:s",
-            "fooOf": "ex:o1",
-            "barOf": "ex:o2"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "ex:s",
-            "@reverse": {
-              "ex:bar": [{"@id": "ex:o2"}],
-              "ex:foo": [{"@id": "ex:o1"}]
-            }
-          }])
-        },
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand params}
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "JSON-LD-star" do
-      {
-        "node with embedded subject without rdfstar option": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "ex:prop": "value"
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value2"
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidIdValue
-        },
-        "node object with @annotation property is ignored without rdfstar option": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "ex:bob",
-            "ex:knows": {
-              "@id": "ex:fred",
-              "@annotation": {
-                "ex:certainty": 0.8
-              }
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "ex:bob",
-            "ex:knows": [{"@id": "ex:fred"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "value object with @annotation property is ignored without rdfstar option": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "ex:bob",
-            "ex:age": {
-              "@value": 23,
-              "@annotation": {
-                "ex:certainty": 0.8
-              }
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "ex:bob",
-            "ex:age": [{"@value": 23}]
-          }])
-        },
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand params}
-      end
-
-      {
-        "node with embedded subject having no @id": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "ex:prop": "value"
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value2"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": {
-              "ex:prop": [{"@value": "value"}]
-            },
-            "ex:prop": [{"@value": "value2"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "node with embedded subject having IRI @id": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "ex:prop": "value"
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value2"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "ex:prop": [{"@value": "value"}]
-            },
-            "ex:prop": [{"@value": "value2"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "node with embedded subject having BNode @id": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "_:rei",
-              "ex:prop": "value"
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value2"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "_:rei",
-              "ex:prop": [{"@value": "value"}]
-            },
-            "ex:prop": [{"@value": "value2"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "node with embedded subject having a type": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "@type": "ex:Type"
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value2"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "@type": ["ex:Type"]
-            },
-            "ex:prop": [{"@value": "value2"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "node with embedded subject having an IRI value": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "ex:prop": {"@id": "ex:value"}
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value2"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "ex:prop": [{"@id": "ex:value"}]
-            },
-            "ex:prop": [{"@value": "value2"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "node with embedded subject having an BNode value": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "ex:prop": {"@id": "_:value"}
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value2"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "ex:prop": [{"@id": "_:value"}]
-            },
-            "ex:prop": [{"@value": "value2"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "node with recursive embedded subject": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": {
-                "@id": "ex:rei",
-                "ex:prop": "value3"
-              },
-              "ex:prop": "value"
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value2"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": {
-                "@id": "ex:rei",
-                "ex:prop": [{"@value": "value3"}]
-              },
-              "ex:prop": [{"@value": "value"}]
-            },
-            "ex:prop": [{"@value": "value2"}]
-          }])
-        },
-        "illegal node with subject having no property": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei"
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value3"
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidEmbeddedNode
-        },
-        "illegal node with subject having multiple properties": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "ex:prop": ["value1", "value2"]
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value3"
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidEmbeddedNode
-        },
-        "illegal node with subject having multiple types": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "@type": ["ex:Type1", "ex:Type2"]
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value3"
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidEmbeddedNode
-        },
-        "illegal node with subject having type and property": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "@type": "ex:Type",
-              "ex:prop": "value"
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value2"
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidEmbeddedNode
-        },
-        "node with embedded object": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "ex:subj",
-            "ex:value": {
-              "@id": {
-                "@id": "ex:rei",
-                "ex:prop": "value"
-              }
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "ex:subj",
-            "ex:value": [{
-              "@id": {
-                "@id": "ex:rei",
-                "ex:prop": [{"@value": "value"}]
-              }
-            }]
-          }])
-        },
-        "node with embedded object having properties": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "ex:subj",
-            "ex:value": {
-              "@id": {
-                "@id": "ex:rei",
-                "ex:prop": "value"
-              },
-              "ex:prop": "value2"
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "ex:subj",
-            "ex:value": [{
-              "@id": {
-                "@id": "ex:rei",
-                "ex:prop": [{"@value": "value"}]
-              },
-              "ex:prop": [{"@value": "value2"}]
-            }]
-          }])
-        },
-        "node with recursive embedded object": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "ex:subj",
-            "ex:value": {
-              "@id": {
-                "@id": {
-                  "@id": "ex:rei",
-                  "ex:prop": "value3"
-                },
-                "ex:prop": "value"
-              },
-              "ex:prop": "value2"
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "ex:subj",
-            "ex:value": [{
-              "@id": {
-                "@id": {
-                  "@id": "ex:rei",
-                  "ex:prop": [{"@value": "value3"}]
-                },
-                "ex:prop":[{"@value": "value"}]
-              },
-              "ex:prop": [{"@value": "value2"}]
-            }]
-          }])
-        },
-        "node with @annotation property on value object": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "ex:bob",
-            "ex:age": {
-              "@value": 23,
-              "@annotation": {"ex:certainty": 0.8}
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "ex:bob",
-            "ex:age": [{
-              "@value": 23,
-              "@annotation": [{"ex:certainty": [{"@value": 0.8}]}]
-            }]
-          }])
-        },
-        "node with @annotation property on node object": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "ex:bob",
-            "ex:name": "Bob",
-            "ex:knows": {
-              "@id": "ex:fred",
-              "ex:name": "Fred",
-              "@annotation": {"ex:certainty": 0.8}
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "ex:bob",
-            "ex:name": [{"@value": "Bob"}],
-            "ex:knows": [{
-              "@id": "ex:fred",
-              "ex:name": [{"@value": "Fred"}],
-              "@annotation": [{"ex:certainty": [{"@value": 0.8}]}]
-            }]
-          }])
-        },
-        "node with @annotation property multiple values": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "ex:bob",
-            "ex:name": "Bob",
-            "ex:knows": {
-              "@id": "ex:fred",
-              "ex:name": "Fred",
-              "@annotation": [{
-                "ex:certainty": 0.8
-              }, {
-                "ex:source": {"@id": "http://example.org/"}
-              }]
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "ex:bob",
-            "ex:name": [{"@value": "Bob"}],
-            "ex:knows": [{
-              "@id": "ex:fred",
-              "ex:name": [{"@value": "Fred"}],
-              "@annotation": [{
-                "ex:certainty": [{"@value": 0.8}]
-              }, {
-                "ex:source": [{"@id": "http://example.org/"}]
-              }]
-            }]
-          }])
-        },
-        "node with @annotation property that is on the top-level is invalid": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "ex:bob",
-            "ex:name": "Bob",
-            "@annotation": {"ex:prop": "value2"}
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidAnnotation
-        },
-        "node with @annotation property on a top-level graph node is invalid": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "ex:bob",
-            "ex:name": "Bob",
-            "@graph": {
-              "@id": "ex:fred",
-              "ex:name": "Fred",
-              "@annotation": {"ex:prop": "value2"}
-            }
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidAnnotation
-        },
-        "node with @annotation property having @id is invalid": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "ex:bob",
-            "ex:knows": {
-              "@id": "ex:fred",
-              "@annotation": {
-                "@id": "ex:invalid-ann-id",
-                "ex:prop": "value2"
-              }
-            }
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidAnnotation
-        },
-        "node with @annotation property with value object value is invalid": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "ex:bob",
-            "ex:knows": {
-              "@id": "fred",
-              "@annotation": "value2"
-            }
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidAnnotation
-        },
-        "node with @annotation on a list": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "ex:bob",
-            "ex:knows": {
-              "@list": [{"@id": "ex:fred"}],
-              "@annotation": {"ex:prop": "value2"}
-            }
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidSetOrListObject
-        },
-        "node with @annotation on a list value": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "ex:bob",
-            "ex:knows": {
-              "@list": [
-                {
-                  "@id": "ex:fred",
-                  "@annotation": {"ex:prop": "value2"}
-                }
-              ]
-            }
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidAnnotation
-        },
-        "node with @annotation property on a top-level @included node is invalid": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "ex:bob",
-            "ex:name": "Bob",
-            "@included": [{
-              "@id": "ex:fred",
-              "ex:name": "Fred",
-              "@annotation": {"ex:prop": "value2"}
-            }]
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidAnnotation
-        },
-        "node with @annotation property on embedded subject": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "ex:prop": {"@id": "_:value"}
-            },
-            "ex:prop": {
-              "@value": "value2",
-              "@annotation": {"ex:certainty": 0.8}
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "ex:prop": [{"@id": "_:value"}]
-            },
-            "ex:prop": [{
-              "@value": "value2",
-              "@annotation": [{
-                "ex:certainty": [{"@value": 0.8}]
-              }]
-            }]
-          }])
-        },
-        "node with @annotation property on embedded object": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": "ex:subj",
-            "ex:value": {
-              "@id": {
-                "@id": "ex:rei",
-                "ex:prop": "value"
-              },
-              "@annotation": {"ex:certainty": 0.8}
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "ex:subj",
-            "ex:value": [{
-              "@id": {
-                "@id": "ex:rei",
-                "ex:prop": [{"@value": "value"}]
-              },
-              "@annotation": [{
-                "ex:certainty": [{"@value": 0.8}]
-              }]
-            }]
-          }])
-        },
-        "embedded node with reverse relationship": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "rel": {"@reverse": "ex:rel"}
-            },
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "rel": {"@id": "ex:value"}
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value2"
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidEmbeddedNode
-        },
-        "embedded node with expanded reverse relationship": {
-          input: %({
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "@reverse": {
-                "ex:rel": {"@id": "ex:value"}
-              }
-            },
-            "ex:prop": "value2"
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidEmbeddedNode
-        },
-        "embedded node used as subject in reverse relationship": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "rel": {"@reverse": "ex:rel"}
-            },
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "ex:prop": {"@id": "ex:value"}
-            },
-            "rel": {"@id": "ex:value2"}
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": {
-              "@id": "ex:rei",
-              "ex:prop": [{"@id": "ex:value"}]
-            },
-            "@reverse": {
-              "ex:rel": [{"@id": "ex:value2"}]
-            }
-          }])
-        },
-        "embedded node used as object in reverse relationship": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "rel": {"@reverse": "ex:rel"}
-            },
-            "@id": "ex:subj",
-            "rel": {
-              "@id": {
-                "@id": "ex:rei",
-                "ex:prop": {"@id": "ex:value"}
-              },
-              "ex:prop": {"@id": "ex:value2"}
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "ex:subj",
-            "@reverse": {
-              "ex:rel": [{
-                "@id": {
-                  "@id": "ex:rei",
-                  "ex:prop": [{"@id": "ex:value"}]
-                },
-                "ex:prop": [{"@id": "ex:value2"}]
-              }]
-            }
-          }])
-        },
-        "node with @annotation property on node object with reverse relationship": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "knownBy": {"@reverse": "ex:knows"}
-            },
-            "@id": "ex:bob",
-            "ex:name": "Bob",
-            "knownBy": {
-              "@id": "ex:fred",
-              "ex:name": "Fred",
-              "@annotation": {"ex:certainty": 0.8}
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "ex:bob",
-            "ex:name": [{"@value": "Bob"}],
-            "@reverse": {
-              "ex:knows": [{
-                "@id": "ex:fred",
-                "ex:name": [{"@value": "Fred"}],
-                "@annotation": [{"ex:certainty": [{"@value": 0.8}]}]
-              }]
-            }
-          }])
-        },
-        "reverse relationship inside annotation": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "claims": {"@reverse": "ex:claims", "@type": "@id"}
-            },
-            "@id": "ex:bob",
-            "ex:knows": {
-              "@id": "ex:jane",
-              "@annotation": {
-                "ex:certainty": 0.8,
-                "claims": "ex:sue"
-              }
-            }
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "@id": "ex:bob",
-            "ex:knows": [{
-              "@id": "ex:jane",
-              "@annotation": [{
-                "ex:certainty": [{"@value": 0.8}],
-                "@reverse": {
-                  "ex:claims": [{"@id": "ex:sue"}]
-                }
-              }]
-            }]
-          }])
-        },
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand params.merge(rdfstar: true)}
-      end
-    end
-
-    begin
-      require 'nokogiri'
-    rescue LoadError
-    end
-    require 'rexml/document'
-
-    context "html" do
-      %w(Nokogiri REXML).each do |impl|
-        next unless Module.constants.map(&:to_s).include?(impl)
-        context impl do
-          let(:library) {impl.downcase.to_s.to_sym}
-
-          {
-            "Expands embedded JSON-LD script element": {
-              input: %(
-              <html>
-                <head>
-                  <script type="application/ld+json">
-                  {
-                    "@context": {
-                      "foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}
-                    },
-                    "foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-                  }
-                  </script>
-                </head>
-              </html>),
-              output: %([{
-                "http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [{"@value": "bar"}]}]
-              }])
-            },
-            "Expands first script element": {
-              input: %(
-              <html>
-                <head>
-                  <script type="application/ld+json">
-                  {
-                    "@context": {
-                      "foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}
-                    },
-                    "foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-                  }
-                  </script>
-                  <script type="application/ld+json">
-                  {
-                    "@context": {"ex": "http://example.com/"},
-                    "@graph": [
-                      {"ex:foo": {"@value": "foo"}},
-                      {"ex:bar": {"@value": "bar"}}
-                    ]
-                  }
-                  </script>
-                </head>
-              </html>),
-              output: %([{
-                "http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [{"@value": "bar"}]}]
-              }])
-            },
-            "Expands targeted script element": {
-              input: %(
-              <html>
-                <head>
-                  <script id="first" type="application/ld+json">
-                  {
-                    "@context": {
-                      "foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}
-                    },
-                    "foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-                  }
-                  </script>
-                  <script id="second" type="application/ld+json">
-                  {
-                    "@context": {"ex": "http://example.com/"},
-                    "@graph": [
-                      {"ex:foo": {"@value": "foo"}},
-                      {"ex:bar": {"@value": "bar"}}
-                    ]
-                  }
-                  </script>
-                </head>
-              </html>),
-              output: %([
-                {"http://example.com/foo": [{"@value": "foo"}]},
-                {"http://example.com/bar": [{"@value": "bar"}]}
-              ]),
-              base: "http://example.org/doc#second"
-            },
-            "Expands all script elements with extractAllScripts option": {
-              input: %(
-              <html>
-                <head>
-                  <script type="application/ld+json">
-                  {
-                    "@context": {
-                      "foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}
-                    },
-                    "foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-                  }
-                  </script>
-                  <script type="application/ld+json">
-                  {
-                    "@context": {"ex": "http://example.com/"},
-                    "@graph": [
-                      {"ex:foo": {"@value": "foo"}},
-                      {"ex:bar": {"@value": "bar"}}
-                    ]
-                  }
-                  </script>
-                </head>
-              </html>),
-              output: %([
-                {"http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [{"@value": "bar"}]}]},
-                {
-                  "@graph": [{
-                    "http://example.com/foo": [{"@value": "foo"}]
-                  }, {
-                    "http://example.com/bar": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-                  }]
-                }
-              ]),
-              extractAllScripts: true
-            },
-            "Expands multiple scripts where one is an array": {
-              input: %(
-              <html>
-                <head>
-                  <script type="application/ld+json">
-                  {
-                    "@context": {
-                      "foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}
-                    },
-                    "foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-                  }
-                  </script>
-                  <script type="application/ld+json">
-                  [
-                    {"@context": {"ex": "http://example.com/"}, "ex:foo": {"@value": "foo"}},
-                    {"@context": {"ex": "http://example.com/"}, "ex:bar": {"@value": "bar"}}
-                  ]
-                  </script>
-                </head>
-              </html>),
-              output: %([
-                {"http://example.com/foo": [{"@list": [{"@value": "bar"}]}]},
-                {"http://example.com/foo": [{"@value": "foo"}]},
-                {"http://example.com/bar": [{"@value": "bar"}]}
-              ]),
-              extractAllScripts: true
-            },
-            "Errors no script element": {
-              input: %(<html><head></head></html>),
-              exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::LoadingDocumentFailed
-            },
-            "Expands as empty with no script element and extractAllScripts": {
-              input: %(<html><head></head></html>),
-              output: %([]),
-              extractAllScripts: true
-            },
-            "Expands script element with HTML character references": {
-              input: %(
-              <html>
-                <head>
-                  <script type="application/ld+json">
-                  {
-                    "@context": {"@vocab": "http://example/"},
-                    "foo": "&lt;&amp;&gt;"
-                  }
-                  </script>
-                </head>
-              </html>),
-              output: %([{
-                "http://example/foo": [{"@value": "&lt;&amp;&gt;"}]
-              }])
-            },
-            "Expands embedded JSON-LD script element relative to document base": {
-              input: %(
-              <html>
-                <head>
-                  <script type="application/ld+json">
-                  {
-                    "@context": {
-                      "foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo"}
-                    },
-                    "@id": "",
-                    "foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-                  }
-                  </script>
-                </head>
-              </html>),
-              output: %([{
-                "@id": "http://example.org/doc",
-                "http://example.com/foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-              }]),
-              base: "http://example.org/doc"
-            },
-            "Expands embedded JSON-LD script element relative to HTML base": {
-              input: %(
-              <html>
-                <head>
-                  <base href="http://example.org/base" />
-                  <script type="application/ld+json">
-                  {
-                    "@context": {
-                      "foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo"}
-                    },
-                    "@id": "",
-                    "foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-                  }
-                  </script>
-                </head>
-              </html>),
-              output: %([{
-                "@id": "http://example.org/base",
-                "http://example.com/foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-              }]),
-              base: "http://example.org/doc"
-            },
-            "Expands embedded JSON-LD script element relative to relative HTML base": {
-              input: %(
-              <html>
-                <head>
-                  <base href="base" />
-                  <script type="application/ld+json">
-                  {
-                    "@context": {
-                      "foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo"}
-                    },
-                    "@id": "",
-                    "foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-                  }
-                  </script>
-                </head>
-              </html>),
-              output: %([{
-                "@id": "http://example.org/base",
-                "http://example.com/foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-              }]),
-              base: "http://example.org/doc"
-            },
-            "Errors if no element found at target": {
-              input: %(
-              <html>
-                <head>
-                  <script id="first" type="application/ld+json">
-                  {
-                    "@context": {
-                      "foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}
-                    },
-                    "foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-                  }
-                  </script>
-                  <script id="second" type="application/ld+json">
-                  {
-                    "@context": {"ex": "http://example.com/"},
-                    "@graph": [
-                      {"ex:foo": {"@value": "foo"}},
-                      {"ex:bar": {"@value": "bar"}}
-                    ]
-                  }
-                  </script>
-                </head>
-              </html>),
-              base: "http://example.org/doc#third",
-              exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::LoadingDocumentFailed
-            },
-            "Errors if targeted element is not a script element": {
-              input: %(
-              <html>
-                <head>
-                  <pre id="first" type="application/ld+json">
-                  {
-                    "@context": {
-                      "foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}
-                    },
-                    "foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-                  }
-                  </pre>
-                </head>
-              </html>),
-              base: "http://example.org/doc#first",
-              exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::LoadingDocumentFailed
-            },
-            "Errors if targeted element does not have type application/ld+json": {
-              input: %(
-              <html>
-                <head>
-                  <script id="first" type="application/json">
-                  {
-                    "@context": {
-                      "foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}
-                    },
-                    "foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-                  }
-                  </script>
-                </head>
-              </html>),
-              base: "http://example.org/doc#first",
-              exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::LoadingDocumentFailed
-            },
-            "Errors if uncommented script text contains comment": {
-              input: %(
-              <html>
-                <head>
-                  <script type="application/ld+json">
-                  <!--
-                  {
-                    "@context": {
-                      "foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}
-                    },
-                    "foo": [{"@value": "<!-- -->"}]
-                  }
-                  -->
-                  </script>
-                </head>
-              </html>),
-              exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidScriptElement,
-              not: :rexml
-            },
-            "Errors if end comment missing": {
-              input: %(
-              <html>
-                <head>
-                  <script type="application/ld+json">
-                  <!--
-                  {
-                    "@context": {
-                      "foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}
-                    },
-                    "foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-                  }
-                  </script>
-                </head>
-              </html>),
-              exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidScriptElement,
-              not: :rexml
-            },
-            "Errors if start comment missing": {
-              input: %(
-              <html>
-                <head>
-                  <script type="application/ld+json">
-                  {
-                    "@context": {
-                      "foo": {"@id": "http://example.com/foo", "@container": "@list"}
-                    },
-                    "foo": [{"@value": "bar"}]
-                  }
-                  -->
-                  </script>
-                </head>
-              </html>),
-              exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidScriptElement
-            },
-            "Errors if uncommented script is not valid JSON": {
-              input: %(
-              <html>
-                <head>
-                  <script type="application/ld+json">
-                  foo
-                  </script>
-                </head>
-              </html>),
-              exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidScriptElement
-            },
-          }.each do |title, params|
-            it(title) do
-              skip "rexml" if params[:not] == library
-              params = params.merge(input: StringIO.new(params[:input]))
-              params[:input].send(:define_singleton_method, :content_type) {"text/html"}
-              run_expand params.merge(validate: true, library: library)
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "deprectaions" do
-      {
-        "blank node property": {
-          input: %({"_:bn": "value"}),
-          output: %([{"_:bn": [{"@value": "value"}]}])
-        }
-      }.each do |name, params|
-        it "deprecation on #{name} when validating" do
-          run_expand(params.merge(validate: true, write: "[DEPRECATION]"))
-        end
-
-        it "no deprecation on #{name} when not validating" do
-          run_expand(params.merge(validate: false))
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "exceptions" do
-      {
-        "non-null @value and null @type": {
-          input: %({"http://example.com/foo": {"@value": "foo", "@type": null}}),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidTypeValue
-        },
-        "non-null @value and null @language": {
-          input: %({"http://example.com/foo": {"@value": "foo", "@language": null}}),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidLanguageTaggedString
-        },
-        "value with null language": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"@language": "en"},
-            "http://example.org/nolang": {"@value": "no language", "@language": null}
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidLanguageTaggedString
-        },
-        "colliding keywords": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {
-              "id": "@id",
-              "ID": "@id"
-            },
-            "id": "http://example/foo",
-            "ID": "http://example/bar"
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::CollidingKeywords,
-        },
-        "@language and @type": {
-          input: %({
-            "ex:p": {
-              "@value": "v",
-              "@type": "ex:t",
-              "@language": "en"
-            }
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidValueObject,
-          processingMode: 'json-ld-1.1'
-        },
-        "@direction and @type": {
-          input: %({
-            "ex:p": {
-              "@value": "v",
-              "@type": "ex:t",
-              "@direction": "rtl"
-            }
-          }),
-          exception: JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidValueObject,
-          processingMode: 'json-ld-1.1'
-        },
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand params}
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "problem cases" do
-      {
-        "toRdf/0118": {
-          input: %({
-            "@context": {"term": "_:term", "termId": { "@id": "term", "@type": "@id" }},
-            "termId": "term:AppendedToBlankNode"
-          }),
-          output: %([{
-            "_:term": [{"@id": "_:termAppendedToBlankNode"}]
-          }])
-        },
-      }.each do |title, params|
-        it(title) {run_expand params}
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def run_expand(params)
-    input, output = params[:input], params[:output]
-    params[:base] ||= nil
-    input = ::JSON.parse(input) if input.is_a?(String)
-    output = ::JSON.parse(output) if output.is_a?(String)
-    pending params.fetch(:pending, "test implementation") unless input
-    if params[:exception]
-      expect {JSON::LD::API.expand(input, **params)}.to raise_error(params[:exception])
-    else
-      jld = nil
-      if params[:write]
-        expect{jld = JSON::LD::API.expand(input, logger: logger, **params)}.to write(params[:write]).to(:error)
-      else
-        expect{jld = JSON::LD::API.expand(input, logger: logger, **params)}.not_to write.to(:error)
-      end
-      expect(jld).to produce_jsonld(output, logger)
-
-      # Also expect result to produce itself
-      expect(output).to produce_jsonld(output, logger)
-    end
-  end
-end