j1-template 2020.0.22 → 2020.0.24

data/assets/themes/j1/modules/lunrSearch/js/uri.js

@@ -0,0 +1,2340 @@
+/*!
+ * URI.js - Mutating URLs
+ *
+ * Version: 1.19.2
+ *
+ * Author: Rodney Rehm
+ * Web: http://medialize.github.io/URI.js/
+ *
+ * Licensed under
+ *   MIT License http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license
+ *
+ */
+(function (root, factory) {
+  'use strict';
+  // https://github.com/umdjs/umd/blob/master/returnExports.js
+  if (typeof module === 'object' && module.exports) {
+    // Node
+    module.exports = factory(require('./punycode'), require('./IPv6'), require('./SecondLevelDomains'));
+  } else if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
+    // AMD. Register as an anonymous module.
+    define(['./punycode', './IPv6', './SecondLevelDomains'], factory);
+  } else {
+    // Browser globals (root is window)
+    root.URI = factory(root.punycode, root.IPv6, root.SecondLevelDomains, root);
+  }
+}(this, function (punycode, IPv6, SLD, root) {
+  'use strict';
+  /*global location, escape, unescape */
+  // FIXME: v2.0.0 renamce non-camelCase properties to uppercase
+  /*jshint camelcase: false */
+
+  // save current URI variable, if any
+  var _URI = root && root.URI;
+
+  function URI(url, base) {
+    var _urlSupplied = arguments.length >= 1;
+    var _baseSupplied = arguments.length >= 2;
+
+    // Allow instantiation without the 'new' keyword
+    if (!(this instanceof URI)) {
+      if (_urlSupplied) {
+        if (_baseSupplied) {
+          return new URI(url, base);
+        }
+
+        return new URI(url);
+      }
+
+      return new URI();
+    }
+
+    if (url === undefined) {
+      if (_urlSupplied) {
+        throw new TypeError('undefined is not a valid argument for URI');
+      }
+
+      if (typeof location !== 'undefined') {
+        url = location.href + '';
+      } else {
+        url = '';
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (url === null) {
+      if (_urlSupplied) {
+        throw new TypeError('null is not a valid argument for URI');
+      }
+    }
+
+    this.href(url);
+
+    // resolve to base according to http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/url/raw-file/tip/Overview.html#constructor
+    if (base !== undefined) {
+      return this.absoluteTo(base);
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  function isInteger(value) {
+    return /^[0-9]+$/.test(value);
+  }
+
+  URI.version = '1.19.2';
+
+  var p = URI.prototype;
+  var hasOwn = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+
+  function escapeRegEx(string) {
+    // https://github.com/medialize/URI.js/commit/85ac21783c11f8ccab06106dba9735a31a86924d#commitcomment-821963
+    return string.replace(/([.*+?^=!:${}()|[\]\/\\])/g, '\\$1');
+  }
+
+  function getType(value) {
+    // IE8 doesn't return [Object Undefined] but [Object Object] for undefined value
+    if (value === undefined) {
+      return 'Undefined';
+    }
+
+    return String(Object.prototype.toString.call(value)).slice(8, -1);
+  }
+
+  function isArray(obj) {
+    return getType(obj) === 'Array';
+  }
+
+  function filterArrayValues(data, value) {
+    var lookup = {};
+    var i, length;
+
+    if (getType(value) === 'RegExp') {
+      lookup = null;
+    } else if (isArray(value)) {
+      for (i = 0, length = value.length; i < length; i++) {
+        lookup[value[i]] = true;
+      }
+    } else {
+      lookup[value] = true;
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0, length = data.length; i < length; i++) {
+      /*jshint laxbreak: true */
+      var _match = lookup && lookup[data[i]] !== undefined
+        || !lookup && value.test(data[i]);
+      /*jshint laxbreak: false */
+      if (_match) {
+        data.splice(i, 1);
+        length--;
+        i--;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  function arrayContains(list, value) {
+    var i, length;
+
+    // value may be string, number, array, regexp
+    if (isArray(value)) {
+      // Note: this can be optimized to O(n) (instead of current O(m * n))
+      for (i = 0, length = value.length; i < length; i++) {
+        if (!arrayContains(list, value[i])) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    var _type = getType(value);
+    for (i = 0, length = list.length; i < length; i++) {
+      if (_type === 'RegExp') {
+        if (typeof list[i] === 'string' && list[i].match(value)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      } else if (list[i] === value) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  function arraysEqual(one, two) {
+    if (!isArray(one) || !isArray(two)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // arrays can't be equal if they have different amount of content
+    if (one.length !== two.length) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    one.sort();
+    two.sort();
+
+    for (var i = 0, l = one.length; i < l; i++) {
+      if (one[i] !== two[i]) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  function trimSlashes(text) {
+    var trim_expression = /^\/+|\/+$/g;
+    return text.replace(trim_expression, '');
+  }
+
+  URI._parts = function() {
+    return {
+      protocol: null,
+      username: null,
+      password: null,
+      hostname: null,
+      urn: null,
+      port: null,
+      path: null,
+      query: null,
+      fragment: null,
+      // state
+      preventInvalidHostname: URI.preventInvalidHostname,
+      duplicateQueryParameters: URI.duplicateQueryParameters,
+      escapeQuerySpace: URI.escapeQuerySpace
+    };
+  };
+  // state: throw on invalid hostname
+  // see https://github.com/medialize/URI.js/pull/345
+  // and https://github.com/medialize/URI.js/issues/354
+  URI.preventInvalidHostname = false;
+  // state: allow duplicate query parameters (a=1&a=1)
+  URI.duplicateQueryParameters = false;
+  // state: replaces + with %20 (space in query strings)
+  URI.escapeQuerySpace = true;
+  // static properties
+  URI.protocol_expression = /^[a-z][a-z0-9.+-]*$/i;
+  URI.idn_expression = /[^a-z0-9\._-]/i;
+  URI.punycode_expression = /(xn--)/i;
+  // well, 333.444.555.666 matches, but it sure ain't no IPv4 - do we care?
+  URI.ip4_expression = /^\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}$/;
+  // credits to Rich Brown
+  // source: http://forums.intermapper.com/viewtopic.php?p=1096#1096
+  // specification: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4291.txt
+  URI.ip6_expression = /^\s*((([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){7}([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}(:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,2})|:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,3})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,4})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,2}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,5})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,3}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){1}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,6})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,4}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(:(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,7})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,5}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:)))(%.+)?\s*$/;
+  // expression used is "gruber revised" (@gruber v2) determined to be the
+  // best solution in a regex-golf we did a couple of ages ago at
+  // * http://mathiasbynens.be/demo/url-regex
+  // * http://rodneyrehm.de/t/url-regex.html
+  URI.find_uri_expression = /\b((?:[a-z][\w-]+:(?:\/{1,3}|[a-z0-9%])|www\d{0,3}[.]|[a-z0-9.\-]+[.][a-z]{2,4}\/)(?:[^\s()<>]+|\(([^\s()<>]+|(\([^\s()<>]+\)))*\))+(?:\(([^\s()<>]+|(\([^\s()<>]+\)))*\)|[^\s`!()\[\]{};:'".,<>?«»“”‘’]))/ig;
+  URI.findUri = {
+    // valid "scheme://" or "www."
+    start: /\b(?:([a-z][a-z0-9.+-]*:\/\/)|www\.)/gi,
+    // everything up to the next whitespace
+    end: /[\s\r\n]|$/,
+    // trim trailing punctuation captured by end RegExp
+    trim: /[`!()\[\]{};:'".,<>?«»“”„‘’]+$/,
+    // balanced parens inclusion (), [], {}, <>
+    parens: /(\([^\)]*\)|\[[^\]]*\]|\{[^}]*\}|<[^>]*>)/g,
+  };
+  // http://www.iana.org/assignments/uri-schemes.html
+  // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers#Well-known_ports
+  URI.defaultPorts = {
+    http: '80',
+    https: '443',
+    ftp: '21',
+    gopher: '70',
+    ws: '80',
+    wss: '443'
+  };
+  // list of protocols which always require a hostname
+  URI.hostProtocols = [
+    'http',
+    'https'
+  ];
+
+  // allowed hostname characters according to RFC 3986
+  // ALPHA DIGIT "-" "." "_" "~" "!" "$" "&" "'" "(" ")" "*" "+" "," ";" "=" %encoded
+  // I've never seen a (non-IDN) hostname other than: ALPHA DIGIT . - _
+  URI.invalid_hostname_characters = /[^a-zA-Z0-9\.\-:_]/;
+  // map DOM Elements to their URI attribute
+  URI.domAttributes = {
+    'a': 'href',
+    'blockquote': 'cite',
+    'link': 'href',
+    'base': 'href',
+    'script': 'src',
+    'form': 'action',
+    'img': 'src',
+    'area': 'href',
+    'iframe': 'src',
+    'embed': 'src',
+    'source': 'src',
+    'track': 'src',
+    'input': 'src', // but only if type="image"
+    'audio': 'src',
+    'video': 'src'
+  };
+  URI.getDomAttribute = function(node) {
+    if (!node || !node.nodeName) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    var nodeName = node.nodeName.toLowerCase();
+    // <input> should only expose src for type="image"
+    if (nodeName === 'input' && node.type !== 'image') {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    return URI.domAttributes[nodeName];
+  };
+
+  function escapeForDumbFirefox36(value) {
+    // https://github.com/medialize/URI.js/issues/91
+    return escape(value);
+  }
+
+  // encoding / decoding according to RFC3986
+  function strictEncodeURIComponent(string) {
+    // see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/encodeURIComponent
+    return encodeURIComponent(string)
+      .replace(/[!'()*]/g, escapeForDumbFirefox36)
+      .replace(/\*/g, '%2A');
+  }
+  URI.encode = strictEncodeURIComponent;
+  URI.decode = decodeURIComponent;
+  URI.iso8859 = function() {
+    URI.encode = escape;
+    URI.decode = unescape;
+  };
+  URI.unicode = function() {
+    URI.encode = strictEncodeURIComponent;
+    URI.decode = decodeURIComponent;
+  };
+  URI.characters = {
+    pathname: {
+      encode: {
+        // RFC3986 2.1: For consistency, URI producers and normalizers should
+        // use uppercase hexadecimal digits for all percent-encodings.
+        expression: /%(24|26|2B|2C|3B|3D|3A|40)/ig,
+        map: {
+          // -._~!'()*
+          '%24': '$',
+          '%26': '&',
+          '%2B': '+',
+          '%2C': ',',
+          '%3B': ';',
+          '%3D': '=',
+          '%3A': ':',
+          '%40': '@'
+        }
+      },
+      decode: {
+        expression: /[\/\?#]/g,
+        map: {
+          '/': '%2F',
+          '?': '%3F',
+          '#': '%23'
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    reserved: {
+      encode: {
+        // RFC3986 2.1: For consistency, URI producers and normalizers should
+        // use uppercase hexadecimal digits for all percent-encodings.
+        expression: /%(21|23|24|26|27|28|29|2A|2B|2C|2F|3A|3B|3D|3F|40|5B|5D)/ig,
+        map: {
+          // gen-delims
+          '%3A': ':',
+          '%2F': '/',
+          '%3F': '?',
+          '%23': '#',
+          '%5B': '[',
+          '%5D': ']',
+          '%40': '@',
+          // sub-delims
+          '%21': '!',
+          '%24': '$',
+          '%26': '&',
+          '%27': '\'',
+          '%28': '(',
+          '%29': ')',
+          '%2A': '*',
+          '%2B': '+',
+          '%2C': ',',
+          '%3B': ';',
+          '%3D': '='
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    urnpath: {
+      // The characters under `encode` are the characters called out by RFC 2141 as being acceptable
+      // for usage in a URN. RFC2141 also calls out "-", ".", and "_" as acceptable characters, but
+      // these aren't encoded by encodeURIComponent, so we don't have to call them out here. Also
+      // note that the colon character is not featured in the encoding map; this is because URI.js
+      // gives the colons in URNs semantic meaning as the delimiters of path segements, and so it
+      // should not appear unencoded in a segment itself.
+      // See also the note above about RFC3986 and capitalalized hex digits.
+      encode: {
+        expression: /%(21|24|27|28|29|2A|2B|2C|3B|3D|40)/ig,
+        map: {
+          '%21': '!',
+          '%24': '$',
+          '%27': '\'',
+          '%28': '(',
+          '%29': ')',
+          '%2A': '*',
+          '%2B': '+',
+          '%2C': ',',
+          '%3B': ';',
+          '%3D': '=',
+          '%40': '@'
+        }
+      },
+      // These characters are the characters called out by RFC2141 as "reserved" characters that
+      // should never appear in a URN, plus the colon character (see note above).
+      decode: {
+        expression: /[\/\?#:]/g,
+        map: {
+          '/': '%2F',
+          '?': '%3F',
+          '#': '%23',
+          ':': '%3A'
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+  URI.encodeQuery = function(string, escapeQuerySpace) {
+    var escaped = URI.encode(string + '');
+    if (escapeQuerySpace === undefined) {
+      escapeQuerySpace = URI.escapeQuerySpace;
+    }
+
+    return escapeQuerySpace ? escaped.replace(/%20/g, '+') : escaped;
+  };
+  URI.decodeQuery = function(string, escapeQuerySpace) {
+    string += '';
+    if (escapeQuerySpace === undefined) {
+      escapeQuerySpace = URI.escapeQuerySpace;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      return URI.decode(escapeQuerySpace ? string.replace(/\+/g, '%20') : string);
+    } catch(e) {
+      // we're not going to mess with weird encodings,
+      // give up and return the undecoded original string
+      // see https://github.com/medialize/URI.js/issues/87
+      // see https://github.com/medialize/URI.js/issues/92
+      return string;
+    }
+  };
+  // generate encode/decode path functions
+  var _parts = {'encode':'encode', 'decode':'decode'};
+  var _part;
+  var generateAccessor = function(_group, _part) {
+    return function(string) {
+      try {
+        return URI[_part](string + '').replace(URI.characters[_group][_part].expression, function(c) {
+          return URI.characters[_group][_part].map[c];
+        });
+      } catch (e) {
+        // we're not going to mess with weird encodings,
+        // give up and return the undecoded original string
+        // see https://github.com/medialize/URI.js/issues/87
+        // see https://github.com/medialize/URI.js/issues/92
+        return string;
+      }
+    };
+  };
+
+  for (_part in _parts) {
+    URI[_part + 'PathSegment'] = generateAccessor('pathname', _parts[_part]);
+    URI[_part + 'UrnPathSegment'] = generateAccessor('urnpath', _parts[_part]);
+  }
+
+  var generateSegmentedPathFunction = function(_sep, _codingFuncName, _innerCodingFuncName) {
+    return function(string) {
+      // Why pass in names of functions, rather than the function objects themselves? The
+      // definitions of some functions (but in particular, URI.decode) will occasionally change due
+      // to URI.js having ISO8859 and Unicode modes. Passing in the name and getting it will ensure
+      // that the functions we use here are "fresh".
+      var actualCodingFunc;
+      if (!_innerCodingFuncName) {
+        actualCodingFunc = URI[_codingFuncName];
+      } else {
+        actualCodingFunc = function(string) {
+          return URI[_codingFuncName](URI[_innerCodingFuncName](string));
+        };
+      }
+
+      var segments = (string + '').split(_sep);
+
+      for (var i = 0, length = segments.length; i < length; i++) {
+        segments[i] = actualCodingFunc(segments[i]);
+      }
+
+      return segments.join(_sep);
+    };
+  };
+
+  // This takes place outside the above loop because we don't want, e.g., encodeUrnPath functions.
+  URI.decodePath = generateSegmentedPathFunction('/', 'decodePathSegment');
+  URI.decodeUrnPath = generateSegmentedPathFunction(':', 'decodeUrnPathSegment');
+  URI.recodePath = generateSegmentedPathFunction('/', 'encodePathSegment', 'decode');
+  URI.recodeUrnPath = generateSegmentedPathFunction(':', 'encodeUrnPathSegment', 'decode');
+
+  URI.encodeReserved = generateAccessor('reserved', 'encode');
+
+  URI.parse = function(string, parts) {
+    var pos;
+    if (!parts) {
+      parts = {
+        preventInvalidHostname: URI.preventInvalidHostname
+      };
+    }
+    // [protocol"://"[username[":"password]"@"]hostname[":"port]"/"?][path]["?"querystring]["#"fragment]
+
+    // extract fragment
+    pos = string.indexOf('#');
+    if (pos > -1) {
+      // escaping?
+      parts.fragment = string.substring(pos + 1) || null;
+      string = string.substring(0, pos);
+    }
+
+    // extract query
+    pos = string.indexOf('?');
+    if (pos > -1) {
+      // escaping?
+      parts.query = string.substring(pos + 1) || null;
+      string = string.substring(0, pos);
+    }
+
+    // extract protocol
+    if (string.substring(0, 2) === '//') {
+      // relative-scheme
+      parts.protocol = null;
+      string = string.substring(2);
+      // extract "user:pass@host:port"
+      string = URI.parseAuthority(string, parts);
+    } else {
+      pos = string.indexOf(':');
+      if (pos > -1) {
+        parts.protocol = string.substring(0, pos) || null;
+        if (parts.protocol && !parts.protocol.match(URI.protocol_expression)) {
+          // : may be within the path
+          parts.protocol = undefined;
+        } else if (string.substring(pos + 1, pos + 3) === '//') {
+          string = string.substring(pos + 3);
+
+          // extract "user:pass@host:port"
+          string = URI.parseAuthority(string, parts);
+        } else {
+          string = string.substring(pos + 1);
+          parts.urn = true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // what's left must be the path
+    parts.path = string;
+
+    // and we're done
+    return parts;
+  };
+  URI.parseHost = function(string, parts) {
+    if (!string) {
+      string = '';
+    }
+
+    // Copy chrome, IE, opera backslash-handling behavior.
+    // Back slashes before the query string get converted to forward slashes
+    // See: https://github.com/joyent/node/blob/386fd24f49b0e9d1a8a076592a404168faeecc34/lib/url.js#L115-L124
+    // See: https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=25916
+    // https://github.com/medialize/URI.js/pull/233
+    string = string.replace(/\\/g, '/');
+
+    // extract host:port
+    var pos = string.indexOf('/');
+    var bracketPos;
+    var t;
+
+    if (pos === -1) {
+      pos = string.length;
+    }
+
+    if (string.charAt(0) === '[') {
+      // IPv6 host - http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-6man-text-addr-representation-04#section-6
+      // I claim most client software breaks on IPv6 anyways. To simplify things, URI only accepts
+      // IPv6+port in the format [2001:db8::1]:80 (for the time being)
+      bracketPos = string.indexOf(']');
+      parts.hostname = string.substring(1, bracketPos) || null;
+      parts.port = string.substring(bracketPos + 2, pos) || null;
+      if (parts.port === '/') {
+        parts.port = null;
+      }
+    } else {
+      var firstColon = string.indexOf(':');
+      var firstSlash = string.indexOf('/');
+      var nextColon = string.indexOf(':', firstColon + 1);
+      if (nextColon !== -1 && (firstSlash === -1 || nextColon < firstSlash)) {
+        // IPv6 host contains multiple colons - but no port
+        // this notation is actually not allowed by RFC 3986, but we're a liberal parser
+        parts.hostname = string.substring(0, pos) || null;
+        parts.port = null;
+      } else {
+        t = string.substring(0, pos).split(':');
+        parts.hostname = t[0] || null;
+        parts.port = t[1] || null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (parts.hostname && string.substring(pos).charAt(0) !== '/') {
+      pos++;
+      string = '/' + string;
+    }
+
+    if (parts.preventInvalidHostname) {
+      URI.ensureValidHostname(parts.hostname, parts.protocol);
+    }
+
+    if (parts.port) {
+      URI.ensureValidPort(parts.port);
+    }
+
+    return string.substring(pos) || '/';
+  };
+  URI.parseAuthority = function(string, parts) {
+    string = URI.parseUserinfo(string, parts);
+    return URI.parseHost(string, parts);
+  };
+  URI.parseUserinfo = function(string, parts) {
+    // extract username:password
+    var firstSlash = string.indexOf('/');
+    var pos = string.lastIndexOf('@', firstSlash > -1 ? firstSlash : string.length - 1);
+    var t;
+
+    // authority@ must come before /path
+    if (pos > -1 && (firstSlash === -1 || pos < firstSlash)) {
+      t = string.substring(0, pos).split(':');
+      parts.username = t[0] ? URI.decode(t[0]) : null;
+      t.shift();
+      parts.password = t[0] ? URI.decode(t.join(':')) : null;
+      string = string.substring(pos + 1);
+    } else {
+      parts.username = null;
+      parts.password = null;
+    }
+
+    return string;
+  };
+  URI.parseQuery = function(string, escapeQuerySpace) {
+    if (!string) {
+      return {};
+    }
+
+    // throw out the funky business - "?"[name"="value"&"]+
+    string = string.replace(/&+/g, '&').replace(/^\?*&*|&+$/g, '');
+
+    if (!string) {
+      return {};
+    }
+
+    var items = {};
+    var splits = string.split('&');
+    var length = splits.length;
+    var v, name, value;
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      v = splits[i].split('=');
+      name = URI.decodeQuery(v.shift(), escapeQuerySpace);
+      // no "=" is null according to http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/url/raw-file/tip/Overview.html#collect-url-parameters
+      value = v.length ? URI.decodeQuery(v.join('='), escapeQuerySpace) : null;
+
+      if (hasOwn.call(items, name)) {
+        if (typeof items[name] === 'string' || items[name] === null) {
+          items[name] = [items[name]];
+        }
+
+        items[name].push(value);
+      } else {
+        items[name] = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return items;
+  };
+
+  URI.build = function(parts) {
+    var t = '';
+    var requireAbsolutePath = false
+
+    if (parts.protocol) {
+      t += parts.protocol + ':';
+    }
+
+    if (!parts.urn && (t || parts.hostname)) {
+      t += '//';
+      requireAbsolutePath = true
+    }
+
+    t += (URI.buildAuthority(parts) || '');
+
+    if (typeof parts.path === 'string') {
+      if (parts.path.charAt(0) !== '/' && requireAbsolutePath) {
+        t += '/';
+      }
+
+      t += parts.path;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof parts.query === 'string' && parts.query) {
+      t += '?' + parts.query;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof parts.fragment === 'string' && parts.fragment) {
+      t += '#' + parts.fragment;
+    }
+    return t;
+  };
+  URI.buildHost = function(parts) {
+    var t = '';
+
+    if (!parts.hostname) {
+      return '';
+    } else if (URI.ip6_expression.test(parts.hostname)) {
+      t += '[' + parts.hostname + ']';
+    } else {
+      t += parts.hostname;
+    }
+
+    if (parts.port) {
+      t += ':' + parts.port;
+    }
+
+    return t;
+  };
+  URI.buildAuthority = function(parts) {
+    return URI.buildUserinfo(parts) + URI.buildHost(parts);
+  };
+  URI.buildUserinfo = function(parts) {
+    var t = '';
+
+    if (parts.username) {
+      t += URI.encode(parts.username);
+    }
+
+    if (parts.password) {
+      t += ':' + URI.encode(parts.password);
+    }
+
+    if (t) {
+      t += '@';
+    }
+
+    return t;
+  };
+  URI.buildQuery = function(data, duplicateQueryParameters, escapeQuerySpace) {
+    // according to http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986 or http://labs.apache.org/webarch/uri/rfc/rfc3986.html
+    // being »-._~!$&'()*+,;=:@/?« %HEX and alnum are allowed
+    // the RFC explicitly states ?/foo being a valid use case, no mention of parameter syntax!
+    // URI.js treats the query string as being application/x-www-form-urlencoded
+    // see http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/interact/forms.html#form-content-type
+
+    var t = '';
+    var unique, key, i, length;
+    for (key in data) {
+      if (hasOwn.call(data, key)) {
+        if (isArray(data[key])) {
+          unique = {};
+          for (i = 0, length = data[key].length; i < length; i++) {
+            if (data[key][i] !== undefined && unique[data[key][i] + ''] === undefined) {
+              t += '&' + URI.buildQueryParameter(key, data[key][i], escapeQuerySpace);
+              if (duplicateQueryParameters !== true) {
+                unique[data[key][i] + ''] = true;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        } else if (data[key] !== undefined) {
+          t += '&' + URI.buildQueryParameter(key, data[key], escapeQuerySpace);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return t.substring(1);
+  };
+  URI.buildQueryParameter = function(name, value, escapeQuerySpace) {
+    // http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/interact/forms.html#form-content-type -- application/x-www-form-urlencoded
+    // don't append "=" for null values, according to http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/url/raw-file/tip/Overview.html#url-parameter-serialization
+    return URI.encodeQuery(name, escapeQuerySpace) + (value !== null ? '=' + URI.encodeQuery(value, escapeQuerySpace) : '');
+  };
+
+  URI.addQuery = function(data, name, value) {
+    if (typeof name === 'object') {
+      for (var key in name) {
+        if (hasOwn.call(name, key)) {
+          URI.addQuery(data, key, name[key]);
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (typeof name === 'string') {
+      if (data[name] === undefined) {
+        data[name] = value;
+        return;
+      } else if (typeof data[name] === 'string') {
+        data[name] = [data[name]];
+      }
+
+      if (!isArray(value)) {
+        value = [value];
+      }
+
+      data[name] = (data[name] || []).concat(value);
+    } else {
+      throw new TypeError('URI.addQuery() accepts an object, string as the name parameter');
+    }
+  };
+
+  URI.setQuery = function(data, name, value) {
+    if (typeof name === 'object') {
+      for (var key in name) {
+        if (hasOwn.call(name, key)) {
+          URI.setQuery(data, key, name[key]);
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (typeof name === 'string') {
+      data[name] = value === undefined ? null : value;
+    } else {
+      throw new TypeError('URI.setQuery() accepts an object, string as the name parameter');
+    }
+  };
+
+  URI.removeQuery = function(data, name, value) {
+    var i, length, key;
+
+    if (isArray(name)) {
+      for (i = 0, length = name.length; i < length; i++) {
+        data[name[i]] = undefined;
+      }
+    } else if (getType(name) === 'RegExp') {
+      for (key in data) {
+        if (name.test(key)) {
+          data[key] = undefined;
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (typeof name === 'object') {
+      for (key in name) {
+        if (hasOwn.call(name, key)) {
+          URI.removeQuery(data, key, name[key]);
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (typeof name === 'string') {
+      if (value !== undefined) {
+        if (getType(value) === 'RegExp') {
+          if (!isArray(data[name]) && value.test(data[name])) {
+            data[name] = undefined;
+          } else {
+            data[name] = filterArrayValues(data[name], value);
+          }
+        } else if (data[name] === String(value) && (!isArray(value) || value.length === 1)) {
+          data[name] = undefined;
+        } else if (isArray(data[name])) {
+          data[name] = filterArrayValues(data[name], value);
+        }
+      } else {
+        data[name] = undefined;
+      }
+    } else {
+      throw new TypeError('URI.removeQuery() accepts an object, string, RegExp as the first parameter');
+    }
+  };
+  URI.hasQuery = function(data, name, value, withinArray) {
+    switch (getType(name)) {
+      case 'String':
+        // Nothing to do here
+        break;
+
+      case 'RegExp':
+        for (var key in data) {
+          if (hasOwn.call(data, key)) {
+            if (name.test(key) && (value === undefined || URI.hasQuery(data, key, value))) {
+              return true;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+
+      case 'Object':
+        for (var _key in name) {
+          if (hasOwn.call(name, _key)) {
+            if (!URI.hasQuery(data, _key, name[_key])) {
+              return false;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+
+      default:
+        throw new TypeError('URI.hasQuery() accepts a string, regular expression or object as the name parameter');
+    }
+
+    switch (getType(value)) {
+      case 'Undefined':
+        // true if exists (but may be empty)
+        return name in data; // data[name] !== undefined;
+
+      case 'Boolean':
+        // true if exists and non-empty
+        var _booly = Boolean(isArray(data[name]) ? data[name].length : data[name]);
+        return value === _booly;
+
+      case 'Function':
+        // allow complex comparison
+        return !!value(data[name], name, data);
+
+      case 'Array':
+        if (!isArray(data[name])) {
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        var op = withinArray ? arrayContains : arraysEqual;
+        return op(data[name], value);
+
+      case 'RegExp':
+        if (!isArray(data[name])) {
+          return Boolean(data[name] && data[name].match(value));
+        }
+
+        if (!withinArray) {
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        return arrayContains(data[name], value);
+
+      case 'Number':
+        value = String(value);
+        /* falls through */
+      case 'String':
+        if (!isArray(data[name])) {
+          return data[name] === value;
+        }
+
+        if (!withinArray) {
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        return arrayContains(data[name], value);
+
+      default:
+        throw new TypeError('URI.hasQuery() accepts undefined, boolean, string, number, RegExp, Function as the value parameter');
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  URI.joinPaths = function() {
+    var input = [];
+    var segments = [];
+    var nonEmptySegments = 0;
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+      var url = new URI(arguments[i]);
+      input.push(url);
+      var _segments = url.segment();
+      for (var s = 0; s < _segments.length; s++) {
+        if (typeof _segments[s] === 'string') {
+          segments.push(_segments[s]);
+        }
+
+        if (_segments[s]) {
+          nonEmptySegments++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!segments.length || !nonEmptySegments) {
+      return new URI('');
+    }
+
+    var uri = new URI('').segment(segments);
+
+    if (input[0].path() === '' || input[0].path().slice(0, 1) === '/') {
+      uri.path('/' + uri.path());
+    }
+
+    return uri.normalize();
+  };
+
+  URI.commonPath = function(one, two) {
+    var length = Math.min(one.length, two.length);
+    var pos;
+
+    // find first non-matching character
+    for (pos = 0; pos < length; pos++) {
+      if (one.charAt(pos) !== two.charAt(pos)) {
+        pos--;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (pos < 1) {
+      return one.charAt(0) === two.charAt(0) && one.charAt(0) === '/' ? '/' : '';
+    }
+
+    // revert to last /
+    if (one.charAt(pos) !== '/' || two.charAt(pos) !== '/') {
+      pos = one.substring(0, pos).lastIndexOf('/');
+    }
+
+    return one.substring(0, pos + 1);
+  };
+
+  URI.withinString = function(string, callback, options) {
+    options || (options = {});
+    var _start = options.start || URI.findUri.start;
+    var _end = options.end || URI.findUri.end;
+    var _trim = options.trim || URI.findUri.trim;
+    var _parens = options.parens || URI.findUri.parens;
+    var _attributeOpen = /[a-z0-9-]=["']?$/i;
+
+    _start.lastIndex = 0;
+    while (true) {
+      var match = _start.exec(string);
+      if (!match) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      var start = match.index;
+      if (options.ignoreHtml) {
+        // attribut(e=["']?$)
+        var attributeOpen = string.slice(Math.max(start - 3, 0), start);
+        if (attributeOpen && _attributeOpen.test(attributeOpen)) {
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+
+      var end = start + string.slice(start).search(_end);
+      var slice = string.slice(start, end);
+      // make sure we include well balanced parens
+      var parensEnd = -1;
+      while (true) {
+        var parensMatch = _parens.exec(slice);
+        if (!parensMatch) {
+          break;
+        }
+
+        var parensMatchEnd = parensMatch.index + parensMatch[0].length;
+        parensEnd = Math.max(parensEnd, parensMatchEnd);
+      }
+
+      if (parensEnd > -1) {
+        slice = slice.slice(0, parensEnd) + slice.slice(parensEnd).replace(_trim, '');
+      } else {
+        slice = slice.replace(_trim, '');
+      }
+
+      if (slice.length <= match[0].length) {
+        // the extract only contains the starting marker of a URI,
+        // e.g. "www" or "http://"
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (options.ignore && options.ignore.test(slice)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      end = start + slice.length;
+      var result = callback(slice, start, end, string);
+      if (result === undefined) {
+        _start.lastIndex = end;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      result = String(result);
+      string = string.slice(0, start) + result + string.slice(end);
+      _start.lastIndex = start + result.length;
+    }
+
+    _start.lastIndex = 0;
+    return string;
+  };
+
+  URI.ensureValidHostname = function(v, protocol) {
+    // Theoretically URIs allow percent-encoding in Hostnames (according to RFC 3986)
+    // they are not part of DNS and therefore ignored by URI.js
+
+    var hasHostname = !!v; // not null and not an empty string
+    var hasProtocol = !!protocol;
+    var rejectEmptyHostname = false;
+
+    if (hasProtocol) {
+      rejectEmptyHostname = arrayContains(URI.hostProtocols, protocol);
+    }
+
+    if (rejectEmptyHostname && !hasHostname) {
+      throw new TypeError('Hostname cannot be empty, if protocol is ' + protocol);
+    } else if (v && v.match(URI.invalid_hostname_characters)) {
+      // test punycode
+      if (!punycode) {
+        throw new TypeError('Hostname "' + v + '" contains characters other than [A-Z0-9.-:_] and Punycode.js is not available');
+      }
+      if (punycode.toASCII(v).match(URI.invalid_hostname_characters)) {
+        throw new TypeError('Hostname "' + v + '" contains characters other than [A-Z0-9.-:_]');
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  URI.ensureValidPort = function (v) {
+    if (!v) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    var port = Number(v);
+    if (isInteger(port) && (port > 0) && (port < 65536)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    throw new TypeError('Port "' + v + '" is not a valid port');
+  };
+
+  // noConflict
+  URI.noConflict = function(removeAll) {
+    if (removeAll) {
+      var unconflicted = {
+        URI: this.noConflict()
+      };
+
+      if (root.URITemplate && typeof root.URITemplate.noConflict === 'function') {
+        unconflicted.URITemplate = root.URITemplate.noConflict();
+      }
+
+      if (root.IPv6 && typeof root.IPv6.noConflict === 'function') {
+        unconflicted.IPv6 = root.IPv6.noConflict();
+      }
+
+      if (root.SecondLevelDomains && typeof root.SecondLevelDomains.noConflict === 'function') {
+        unconflicted.SecondLevelDomains = root.SecondLevelDomains.noConflict();
+      }
+
+      return unconflicted;
+    } else if (root.URI === this) {
+      root.URI = _URI;
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  p.build = function(deferBuild) {
+    if (deferBuild === true) {
+      this._deferred_build = true;
+    } else if (deferBuild === undefined || this._deferred_build) {
+      this._string = URI.build(this._parts);
+      this._deferred_build = false;
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  p.clone = function() {
+    return new URI(this);
+  };
+
+  p.valueOf = p.toString = function() {
+    return this.build(false)._string;
+  };
+
+
+  function generateSimpleAccessor(_part){
+    return function(v, build) {
+      if (v === undefined) {
+        return this._parts[_part] || '';
+      } else {
+        this._parts[_part] = v || null;
+        this.build(!build);
+        return this;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  function generatePrefixAccessor(_part, _key){
+    return function(v, build) {
+      if (v === undefined) {
+        return this._parts[_part] || '';
+      } else {
+        if (v !== null) {
+          v = v + '';
+          if (v.charAt(0) === _key) {
+            v = v.substring(1);
+          }
+        }
+
+        this._parts[_part] = v;
+        this.build(!build);
+        return this;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  p.protocol = generateSimpleAccessor('protocol');
+  p.username = generateSimpleAccessor('username');
+  p.password = generateSimpleAccessor('password');
+  p.hostname = generateSimpleAccessor('hostname');
+  p.port = generateSimpleAccessor('port');
+  p.query = generatePrefixAccessor('query', '?');
+  p.fragment = generatePrefixAccessor('fragment', '#');
+
+  p.search = function(v, build) {
+    var t = this.query(v, build);
+    return typeof t === 'string' && t.length ? ('?' + t) : t;
+  };
+  p.hash = function(v, build) {
+    var t = this.fragment(v, build);
+    return typeof t === 'string' && t.length ? ('#' + t) : t;
+  };
+
+  p.pathname = function(v, build) {
+    if (v === undefined || v === true) {
+      var res = this._parts.path || (this._parts.hostname ? '/' : '');
+      return v ? (this._parts.urn ? URI.decodeUrnPath : URI.decodePath)(res) : res;
+    } else {
+      if (this._parts.urn) {
+        this._parts.path = v ? URI.recodeUrnPath(v) : '';
+      } else {
+        this._parts.path = v ? URI.recodePath(v) : '/';
+      }
+      this.build(!build);
+      return this;
+    }
+  };
+  p.path = p.pathname;
+  p.href = function(href, build) {
+    var key;
+
+    if (href === undefined) {
+      return this.toString();
+    }
+
+    this._string = '';
+    this._parts = URI._parts();
+
+    var _URI = href instanceof URI;
+    var _object = typeof href === 'object' && (href.hostname || href.path || href.pathname);
+    if (href.nodeName) {
+      var attribute = URI.getDomAttribute(href);
+      href = href[attribute] || '';
+      _object = false;
+    }
+
+    // window.location is reported to be an object, but it's not the sort
+    // of object we're looking for:
+    // * location.protocol ends with a colon
+    // * location.query != object.search
+    // * location.hash != object.fragment
+    // simply serializing the unknown object should do the trick
+    // (for location, not for everything...)
+    if (!_URI && _object && href.pathname !== undefined) {
+      href = href.toString();
+    }
+
+    if (typeof href === 'string' || href instanceof String) {
+      this._parts = URI.parse(String(href), this._parts);
+    } else if (_URI || _object) {
+      var src = _URI ? href._parts : href;
+      for (key in src) {
+        if (key === 'query') { continue; }
+        if (hasOwn.call(this._parts, key)) {
+          this._parts[key] = src[key];
+        }
+      }
+      if (src.query) {
+        this.query(src.query, false);
+      }
+    } else {
+      throw new TypeError('invalid input');
+    }
+
+    this.build(!build);
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // identification accessors
+  p.is = function(what) {
+    var ip = false;
+    var ip4 = false;
+    var ip6 = false;
+    var name = false;
+    var sld = false;
+    var idn = false;
+    var punycode = false;
+    var relative = !this._parts.urn;
+
+    if (this._parts.hostname) {
+      relative = false;
+      ip4 = URI.ip4_expression.test(this._parts.hostname);
+      ip6 = URI.ip6_expression.test(this._parts.hostname);
+      ip = ip4 || ip6;
+      name = !ip;
+      sld = name && SLD && SLD.has(this._parts.hostname);
+      idn = name && URI.idn_expression.test(this._parts.hostname);
+      punycode = name && URI.punycode_expression.test(this._parts.hostname);
+    }
+
+    switch (what.toLowerCase()) {
+      case 'relative':
+        return relative;
+
+      case 'absolute':
+        return !relative;
+
+      // hostname identification
+      case 'domain':
+      case 'name':
+        return name;
+
+      case 'sld':
+        return sld;
+
+      case 'ip':
+        return ip;
+
+      case 'ip4':
+      case 'ipv4':
+      case 'inet4':
+        return ip4;
+
+      case 'ip6':
+      case 'ipv6':
+      case 'inet6':
+        return ip6;
+
+      case 'idn':
+        return idn;
+
+      case 'url':
+        return !this._parts.urn;
+
+      case 'urn':
+        return !!this._parts.urn;
+
+      case 'punycode':
+        return punycode;
+    }
+
+    return null;
+  };
+
+  // component specific input validation
+  var _protocol = p.protocol;
+  var _port = p.port;
+  var _hostname = p.hostname;
+
+  p.protocol = function(v, build) {
+    if (v) {
+      // accept trailing ://
+      v = v.replace(/:(\/\/)?$/, '');
+
+      if (!v.match(URI.protocol_expression)) {
+        throw new TypeError('Protocol "' + v + '" contains characters other than [A-Z0-9.+-] or doesn\'t start with [A-Z]');
+      }
+    }
+
+    return _protocol.call(this, v, build);
+  };
+  p.scheme = p.protocol;
+  p.port = function(v, build) {
+    if (this._parts.urn) {
+      return v === undefined ? '' : this;
+    }
+
+    if (v !== undefined) {
+      if (v === 0) {
+        v = null;
+      }
+
+      if (v) {
+        v += '';
+        if (v.charAt(0) === ':') {
+          v = v.substring(1);
+        }
+
+        URI.ensureValidPort(v);
+      }
+    }
+    return _port.call(this, v, build);
+  };
+  p.hostname = function(v, build) {
+    if (this._parts.urn) {
+      return v === undefined ? '' : this;
+    }
+
+    if (v !== undefined) {
+      var x = { preventInvalidHostname: this._parts.preventInvalidHostname };
+      var res = URI.parseHost(v, x);
+      if (res !== '/') {
+        throw new TypeError('Hostname "' + v + '" contains characters other than [A-Z0-9.-]');
+      }
+
+      v = x.hostname;
+      if (this._parts.preventInvalidHostname) {
+        URI.ensureValidHostname(v, this._parts.protocol);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return _hostname.call(this, v, build);
+  };
+
+  // compound accessors
+  p.origin = function(v, build) {
+    if (this._parts.urn) {
+      return v === undefined ? '' : this;
+    }
+
+    if (v === undefined) {
+      var protocol = this.protocol();
+      var authority = this.authority();
+      if (!authority) {
+        return '';
+      }
+
+      return (protocol ? protocol + '://' : '') + this.authority();
+    } else {
+      var origin = URI(v);
+      this
+        .protocol(origin.protocol())
+        .authority(origin.authority())
+        .build(!build);
+      return this;
+    }
+  };
+  p.host = function(v, build) {
+    if (this._parts.urn) {
+      return v === undefined ? '' : this;
+    }
+
+    if (v === undefined) {
+      return this._parts.hostname ? URI.buildHost(this._parts) : '';
+    } else {
+      var res = URI.parseHost(v, this._parts);
+      if (res !== '/') {
+        throw new TypeError('Hostname "' + v + '" contains characters other than [A-Z0-9.-]');
+      }
+
+      this.build(!build);
+      return this;
+    }
+  };
+  p.authority = function(v, build) {
+    if (this._parts.urn) {
+      return v === undefined ? '' : this;
+    }
+
+    if (v === undefined) {
+      return this._parts.hostname ? URI.buildAuthority(this._parts) : '';
+    } else {
+      var res = URI.parseAuthority(v, this._parts);
+      if (res !== '/') {
+        throw new TypeError('Hostname "' + v + '" contains characters other than [A-Z0-9.-]');
+      }
+
+      this.build(!build);
+      return this;
+    }
+  };
+  p.userinfo = function(v, build) {
+    if (this._parts.urn) {
+      return v === undefined ? '' : this;
+    }
+
+    if (v === undefined) {
+      var t = URI.buildUserinfo(this._parts);
+      return t ? t.substring(0, t.length -1) : t;
+    } else {
+      if (v[v.length-1] !== '@') {
+        v += '@';
+      }
+
+      URI.parseUserinfo(v, this._parts);
+      this.build(!build);
+      return this;
+    }
+  };
+  p.resource = function(v, build) {
+    var parts;
+
+    if (v === undefined) {
+      return this.path() + this.search() + this.hash();
+    }
+
+    parts = URI.parse(v);
+    this._parts.path = parts.path;
+    this._parts.query = parts.query;
+    this._parts.fragment = parts.fragment;
+    this.build(!build);
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // fraction accessors
+  p.subdomain = function(v, build) {
+    if (this._parts.urn) {
+      return v === undefined ? '' : this;
+    }
+
+    // convenience, return "www" from "www.example.org"
+    if (v === undefined) {
+      if (!this._parts.hostname || this.is('IP')) {
+        return '';
+      }
+
+      // grab domain and add another segment
+      var end = this._parts.hostname.length - this.domain().length - 1;
+      return this._parts.hostname.substring(0, end) || '';
+    } else {
+      var e = this._parts.hostname.length - this.domain().length;
+      var sub = this._parts.hostname.substring(0, e);
+      var replace = new RegExp('^' + escapeRegEx(sub));
+
+      if (v && v.charAt(v.length - 1) !== '.') {
+        v += '.';
+      }
+
+      if (v.indexOf(':') !== -1) {
+        throw new TypeError('Domains cannot contain colons');
+      }
+
+      if (v) {
+        URI.ensureValidHostname(v, this._parts.protocol);
+      }
+
+      this._parts.hostname = this._parts.hostname.replace(replace, v);
+      this.build(!build);
+      return this;
+    }
+  };
+  p.domain = function(v, build) {
+    if (this._parts.urn) {
+      return v === undefined ? '' : this;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof v === 'boolean') {
+      build = v;
+      v = undefined;
+    }
+
+    // convenience, return "example.org" from "www.example.org"
+    if (v === undefined) {
+      if (!this._parts.hostname || this.is('IP')) {
+        return '';
+      }
+
+      // if hostname consists of 1 or 2 segments, it must be the domain
+      var t = this._parts.hostname.match(/\./g);
+      if (t && t.length < 2) {
+        return this._parts.hostname;
+      }
+
+      // grab tld and add another segment
+      var end = this._parts.hostname.length - this.tld(build).length - 1;
+      end = this._parts.hostname.lastIndexOf('.', end -1) + 1;
+      return this._parts.hostname.substring(end) || '';
+    } else {
+      if (!v) {
+        throw new TypeError('cannot set domain empty');
+      }
+
+      if (v.indexOf(':') !== -1) {
+        throw new TypeError('Domains cannot contain colons');
+      }
+
+      URI.ensureValidHostname(v, this._parts.protocol);
+
+      if (!this._parts.hostname || this.is('IP')) {
+        this._parts.hostname = v;
+      } else {
+        var replace = new RegExp(escapeRegEx(this.domain()) + '$');
+        this._parts.hostname = this._parts.hostname.replace(replace, v);
+      }
+
+      this.build(!build);
+      return this;
+    }
+  };
+  p.tld = function(v, build) {
+    if (this._parts.urn) {
+      return v === undefined ? '' : this;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof v === 'boolean') {
+      build = v;
+      v = undefined;
+    }
+
+    // return "org" from "www.example.org"
+    if (v === undefined) {
+      if (!this._parts.hostname || this.is('IP')) {
+        return '';
+      }
+
+      var pos = this._parts.hostname.lastIndexOf('.');
+      var tld = this._parts.hostname.substring(pos + 1);
+
+      if (build !== true && SLD && SLD.list[tld.toLowerCase()]) {
+        return SLD.get(this._parts.hostname) || tld;
+      }
+
+      return tld;
+    } else {
+      var replace;
+
+      if (!v) {
+        throw new TypeError('cannot set TLD empty');
+      } else if (v.match(/[^a-zA-Z0-9-]/)) {
+        if (SLD && SLD.is(v)) {
+          replace = new RegExp(escapeRegEx(this.tld()) + '$');
+          this._parts.hostname = this._parts.hostname.replace(replace, v);
+        } else {
+          throw new TypeError('TLD "' + v + '" contains characters other than [A-Z0-9]');
+        }
+      } else if (!this._parts.hostname || this.is('IP')) {
+        throw new ReferenceError('cannot set TLD on non-domain host');
+      } else {
+        replace = new RegExp(escapeRegEx(this.tld()) + '$');
+        this._parts.hostname = this._parts.hostname.replace(replace, v);
+      }
+
+      this.build(!build);
+      return this;
+    }
+  };
+  p.directory = function(v, build) {
+    if (this._parts.urn) {
+      return v === undefined ? '' : this;
+    }
+
+    if (v === undefined || v === true) {
+      if (!this._parts.path && !this._parts.hostname) {
+        return '';
+      }
+
+      if (this._parts.path === '/') {
+        return '/';
+      }
+
+      var end = this._parts.path.length - this.filename().length - 1;
+      var res = this._parts.path.substring(0, end) || (this._parts.hostname ? '/' : '');
+
+      return v ? URI.decodePath(res) : res;
+
+    } else {
+      var e = this._parts.path.length - this.filename().length;
+      var directory = this._parts.path.substring(0, e);
+      var replace = new RegExp('^' + escapeRegEx(directory));
+
+      // fully qualifier directories begin with a slash
+      if (!this.is('relative')) {
+        if (!v) {
+          v = '/';
+        }
+
+        if (v.charAt(0) !== '/') {
+          v = '/' + v;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // directories always end with a slash
+      if (v && v.charAt(v.length - 1) !== '/') {
+        v += '/';
+      }
+
+      v = URI.recodePath(v);
+      this._parts.path = this._parts.path.replace(replace, v);
+      this.build(!build);
+      return this;
+    }
+  };
+  p.filename = function(v, build) {
+    if (this._parts.urn) {
+      return v === undefined ? '' : this;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof v !== 'string') {
+      if (!this._parts.path || this._parts.path === '/') {
+        return '';
+      }
+
+      var pos = this._parts.path.lastIndexOf('/');
+      var res = this._parts.path.substring(pos+1);
+
+      return v ? URI.decodePathSegment(res) : res;
+    } else {
+      var mutatedDirectory = false;
+
+      if (v.charAt(0) === '/') {
+        v = v.substring(1);
+      }
+
+      if (v.match(/\.?\//)) {
+        mutatedDirectory = true;
+      }
+
+      var replace = new RegExp(escapeRegEx(this.filename()) + '$');
+      v = URI.recodePath(v);
+      this._parts.path = this._parts.path.replace(replace, v);
+
+      if (mutatedDirectory) {
+        this.normalizePath(build);
+      } else {
+        this.build(!build);
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
+  };
+  p.suffix = function(v, build) {
+    if (this._parts.urn) {
+      return v === undefined ? '' : this;
+    }
+
+    if (v === undefined || v === true) {
+      if (!this._parts.path || this._parts.path === '/') {
+        return '';
+      }
+
+      var filename = this.filename();
+      var pos = filename.lastIndexOf('.');
+      var s, res;
+
+      if (pos === -1) {
+        return '';
+      }
+
+      // suffix may only contain alnum characters (yup, I made this up.)
+      s = filename.substring(pos+1);
+      res = (/^[a-z0-9%]+$/i).test(s) ? s : '';
+      return v ? URI.decodePathSegment(res) : res;
+    } else {
+      if (v.charAt(0) === '.') {
+        v = v.substring(1);
+      }
+
+      var suffix = this.suffix();
+      var replace;
+
+      if (!suffix) {
+        if (!v) {
+          return this;
+        }
+
+        this._parts.path += '.' + URI.recodePath(v);
+      } else if (!v) {
+        replace = new RegExp(escapeRegEx('.' + suffix) + '$');
+      } else {
+        replace = new RegExp(escapeRegEx(suffix) + '$');
+      }
+
+      if (replace) {
+        v = URI.recodePath(v);
+        this._parts.path = this._parts.path.replace(replace, v);
+      }
+
+      this.build(!build);
+      return this;
+    }
+  };
+  p.segment = function(segment, v, build) {
+    var separator = this._parts.urn ? ':' : '/';
+    var path = this.path();
+    var absolute = path.substring(0, 1) === '/';
+    var segments = path.split(separator);
+
+    if (segment !== undefined && typeof segment !== 'number') {
+      build = v;
+      v = segment;
+      segment = undefined;
+    }
+
+    if (segment !== undefined && typeof segment !== 'number') {
+      throw new Error('Bad segment "' + segment + '", must be 0-based integer');
+    }
+
+    if (absolute) {
+      segments.shift();
+    }
+
+    if (segment < 0) {
+      // allow negative indexes to address from the end
+      segment = Math.max(segments.length + segment, 0);
+    }
+
+    if (v === undefined) {
+      /*jshint laxbreak: true */
+      return segment === undefined
+        ? segments
+        : segments[segment];
+      /*jshint laxbreak: false */
+    } else if (segment === null || segments[segment] === undefined) {
+      if (isArray(v)) {
+        segments = [];
+        // collapse empty elements within array
+        for (var i=0, l=v.length; i < l; i++) {
+          if (!v[i].length && (!segments.length || !segments[segments.length -1].length)) {
+            continue;
+          }
+
+          if (segments.length && !segments[segments.length -1].length) {
+            segments.pop();
+          }
+
+          segments.push(trimSlashes(v[i]));
+        }
+      } else if (v || typeof v === 'string') {
+        v = trimSlashes(v);
+        if (segments[segments.length -1] === '') {
+          // empty trailing elements have to be overwritten
+          // to prevent results such as /foo//bar
+          segments[segments.length -1] = v;
+        } else {
+          segments.push(v);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (v) {
+        segments[segment] = trimSlashes(v);
+      } else {
+        segments.splice(segment, 1);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (absolute) {
+      segments.unshift('');
+    }
+
+    return this.path(segments.join(separator), build);
+  };
+  p.segmentCoded = function(segment, v, build) {
+    var segments, i, l;
+
+    if (typeof segment !== 'number') {
+      build = v;
+      v = segment;
+      segment = undefined;
+    }
+
+    if (v === undefined) {
+      segments = this.segment(segment, v, build);
+      if (!isArray(segments)) {
+        segments = segments !== undefined ? URI.decode(segments) : undefined;
+      } else {
+        for (i = 0, l = segments.length; i < l; i++) {
+          segments[i] = URI.decode(segments[i]);
+        }
+      }
+
+      return segments;
+    }
+
+    if (!isArray(v)) {
+      v = (typeof v === 'string' || v instanceof String) ? URI.encode(v) : v;
+    } else {
+      for (i = 0, l = v.length; i < l; i++) {
+        v[i] = URI.encode(v[i]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return this.segment(segment, v, build);
+  };
+
+  // mutating query string
+  var q = p.query;
+  p.query = function(v, build) {
+    if (v === true) {
+      return URI.parseQuery(this._parts.query, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);
+    } else if (typeof v === 'function') {
+      var data = URI.parseQuery(this._parts.query, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);
+      var result = v.call(this, data);
+      this._parts.query = URI.buildQuery(result || data, this._parts.duplicateQueryParameters, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);
+      this.build(!build);
+      return this;
+    } else if (v !== undefined && typeof v !== 'string') {
+      this._parts.query = URI.buildQuery(v, this._parts.duplicateQueryParameters, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);
+      this.build(!build);
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return q.call(this, v, build);
+    }
+  };
+  p.setQuery = function(name, value, build) {
+    var data = URI.parseQuery(this._parts.query, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);
+
+    if (typeof name === 'string' || name instanceof String) {
+      data[name] = value !== undefined ? value : null;
+    } else if (typeof name === 'object') {
+      for (var key in name) {
+        if (hasOwn.call(name, key)) {
+          data[key] = name[key];
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      throw new TypeError('URI.addQuery() accepts an object, string as the name parameter');
+    }
+
+    this._parts.query = URI.buildQuery(data, this._parts.duplicateQueryParameters, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);
+    if (typeof name !== 'string') {
+      build = value;
+    }
+
+    this.build(!build);
+    return this;
+  };
+  p.addQuery = function(name, value, build) {
+    var data = URI.parseQuery(this._parts.query, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);
+    URI.addQuery(data, name, value === undefined ? null : value);
+    this._parts.query = URI.buildQuery(data, this._parts.duplicateQueryParameters, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);
+    if (typeof name !== 'string') {
+      build = value;
+    }
+
+    this.build(!build);
+    return this;
+  };
+  p.removeQuery = function(name, value, build) {
+    var data = URI.parseQuery(this._parts.query, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);
+    URI.removeQuery(data, name, value);
+    this._parts.query = URI.buildQuery(data, this._parts.duplicateQueryParameters, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);
+    if (typeof name !== 'string') {
+      build = value;
+    }
+
+    this.build(!build);
+    return this;
+  };
+  p.hasQuery = function(name, value, withinArray) {
+    var data = URI.parseQuery(this._parts.query, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);
+    return URI.hasQuery(data, name, value, withinArray);
+  };
+  p.setSearch = p.setQuery;
+  p.addSearch = p.addQuery;
+  p.removeSearch = p.removeQuery;
+  p.hasSearch = p.hasQuery;
+
+  // sanitizing URLs
+  p.normalize = function() {
+    if (this._parts.urn) {
+      return this
+        .normalizeProtocol(false)
+        .normalizePath(false)
+        .normalizeQuery(false)
+        .normalizeFragment(false)
+        .build();
+    }
+
+    return this
+      .normalizeProtocol(false)
+      .normalizeHostname(false)
+      .normalizePort(false)
+      .normalizePath(false)
+      .normalizeQuery(false)
+      .normalizeFragment(false)
+      .build();
+  };
+  p.normalizeProtocol = function(build) {
+    if (typeof this._parts.protocol === 'string') {
+      this._parts.protocol = this._parts.protocol.toLowerCase();
+      this.build(!build);
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  };
+  p.normalizeHostname = function(build) {
+    if (this._parts.hostname) {
+      if (this.is('IDN') && punycode) {
+        this._parts.hostname = punycode.toASCII(this._parts.hostname);
+      } else if (this.is('IPv6') && IPv6) {
+        this._parts.hostname = IPv6.best(this._parts.hostname);
+      }
+
+      this._parts.hostname = this._parts.hostname.toLowerCase();
+      this.build(!build);
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  };
+  p.normalizePort = function(build) {
+    // remove port of it's the protocol's default
+    if (typeof this._parts.protocol === 'string' && this._parts.port === URI.defaultPorts[this._parts.protocol]) {
+      this._parts.port = null;
+      this.build(!build);
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  };
+  p.normalizePath = function(build) {
+    var _path = this._parts.path;
+    if (!_path) {
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    if (this._parts.urn) {
+      this._parts.path = URI.recodeUrnPath(this._parts.path);
+      this.build(!build);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    if (this._parts.path === '/') {
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    _path = URI.recodePath(_path);
+
+    var _was_relative;
+    var _leadingParents = '';
+    var _parent, _pos;
+
+    // handle relative paths
+    if (_path.charAt(0) !== '/') {
+      _was_relative = true;
+      _path = '/' + _path;
+    }
+
+    // handle relative files (as opposed to directories)
+    if (_path.slice(-3) === '/..' || _path.slice(-2) === '/.') {
+      _path += '/';
+    }
+
+    // resolve simples
+    _path = _path
+      .replace(/(\/(\.\/)+)|(\/\.$)/g, '/')
+      .replace(/\/{2,}/g, '/');
+
+    // remember leading parents
+    if (_was_relative) {
+      _leadingParents = _path.substring(1).match(/^(\.\.\/)+/) || '';
+      if (_leadingParents) {
+        _leadingParents = _leadingParents[0];
+      }
+    }
+
+    // resolve parents
+    while (true) {
+      _parent = _path.search(/\/\.\.(\/|$)/);
+      if (_parent === -1) {
+        // no more ../ to resolve
+        break;
+      } else if (_parent === 0) {
+        // top level cannot be relative, skip it
+        _path = _path.substring(3);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      _pos = _path.substring(0, _parent).lastIndexOf('/');
+      if (_pos === -1) {
+        _pos = _parent;
+      }
+      _path = _path.substring(0, _pos) + _path.substring(_parent + 3);
+    }
+
+    // revert to relative
+    if (_was_relative && this.is('relative')) {
+      _path = _leadingParents + _path.substring(1);
+    }
+
+    this._parts.path = _path;
+    this.build(!build);
+    return this;
+  };
+  p.normalizePathname = p.normalizePath;
+  p.normalizeQuery = function(build) {
+    if (typeof this._parts.query === 'string') {
+      if (!this._parts.query.length) {
+        this._parts.query = null;
+      } else {
+        this.query(URI.parseQuery(this._parts.query, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace));
+      }
+
+      this.build(!build);
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  };
+  p.normalizeFragment = function(build) {
+    if (!this._parts.fragment) {
+      this._parts.fragment = null;
+      this.build(!build);
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  };
+  p.normalizeSearch = p.normalizeQuery;
+  p.normalizeHash = p.normalizeFragment;
+
+  p.iso8859 = function() {
+    // expect unicode input, iso8859 output
+    var e = URI.encode;
+    var d = URI.decode;
+
+    URI.encode = escape;
+    URI.decode = decodeURIComponent;
+    try {
+      this.normalize();
+    } finally {
+      URI.encode = e;
+      URI.decode = d;
+    }
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  p.unicode = function() {
+    // expect iso8859 input, unicode output
+    var e = URI.encode;
+    var d = URI.decode;
+
+    URI.encode = strictEncodeURIComponent;
+    URI.decode = unescape;
+    try {
+      this.normalize();
+    } finally {
+      URI.encode = e;
+      URI.decode = d;
+    }
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  p.readable = function() {
+    var uri = this.clone();
+    // removing username, password, because they shouldn't be displayed according to RFC 3986
+    uri.username('').password('').normalize();
+    var t = '';
+    if (uri._parts.protocol) {
+      t += uri._parts.protocol + '://';
+    }
+
+    if (uri._parts.hostname) {
+      if (uri.is('punycode') && punycode) {
+        t += punycode.toUnicode(uri._parts.hostname);
+        if (uri._parts.port) {
+          t += ':' + uri._parts.port;
+        }
+      } else {
+        t += uri.host();
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (uri._parts.hostname && uri._parts.path && uri._parts.path.charAt(0) !== '/') {
+      t += '/';
+    }
+
+    t += uri.path(true);
+    if (uri._parts.query) {
+      var q = '';
+      for (var i = 0, qp = uri._parts.query.split('&'), l = qp.length; i < l; i++) {
+        var kv = (qp[i] || '').split('=');
+        q += '&' + URI.decodeQuery(kv[0], this._parts.escapeQuerySpace)
+          .replace(/&/g, '%26');
+
+        if (kv[1] !== undefined) {
+          q += '=' + URI.decodeQuery(kv[1], this._parts.escapeQuerySpace)
+            .replace(/&/g, '%26');
+        }
+      }
+      t += '?' + q.substring(1);
+    }
+
+    t += URI.decodeQuery(uri.hash(), true);
+    return t;
+  };
+
+  // resolving relative and absolute URLs
+  p.absoluteTo = function(base) {
+    var resolved = this.clone();
+    var properties = ['protocol', 'username', 'password', 'hostname', 'port'];
+    var basedir, i, p;
+
+    if (this._parts.urn) {
+      throw new Error('URNs do not have any generally defined hierarchical components');
+    }
+
+    if (!(base instanceof URI)) {
+      base = new URI(base);
+    }
+
+    if (resolved._parts.protocol) {
+      // Directly returns even if this._parts.hostname is empty.
+      return resolved;
+    } else {
+      resolved._parts.protocol = base._parts.protocol;
+    }
+
+    if (this._parts.hostname) {
+      return resolved;
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; (p = properties[i]); i++) {
+      resolved._parts[p] = base._parts[p];
+    }
+
+    if (!resolved._parts.path) {
+      resolved._parts.path = base._parts.path;
+      if (!resolved._parts.query) {
+        resolved._parts.query = base._parts.query;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (resolved._parts.path.substring(-2) === '..') {
+        resolved._parts.path += '/';
+      }
+
+      if (resolved.path().charAt(0) !== '/') {
+        basedir = base.directory();
+        basedir = basedir ? basedir : base.path().indexOf('/') === 0 ? '/' : '';
+        resolved._parts.path = (basedir ? (basedir + '/') : '') + resolved._parts.path;
+        resolved.normalizePath();
+      }
+    }
+
+    resolved.build();
+    return resolved;
+  };
+  p.relativeTo = function(base) {
+    var relative = this.clone().normalize();
+    var relativeParts, baseParts, common, relativePath, basePath;
+
+    if (relative._parts.urn) {
+      throw new Error('URNs do not have any generally defined hierarchical components');
+    }
+
+    base = new URI(base).normalize();
+    relativeParts = relative._parts;
+    baseParts = base._parts;
+    relativePath = relative.path();
+    basePath = base.path();
+
+    if (relativePath.charAt(0) !== '/') {
+      throw new Error('URI is already relative');
+    }
+
+    if (basePath.charAt(0) !== '/') {
+      throw new Error('Cannot calculate a URI relative to another relative URI');
+    }
+
+    if (relativeParts.protocol === baseParts.protocol) {
+      relativeParts.protocol = null;
+    }
+
+    if (relativeParts.username !== baseParts.username || relativeParts.password !== baseParts.password) {
+      return relative.build();
+    }
+
+    if (relativeParts.protocol !== null || relativeParts.username !== null || relativeParts.password !== null) {
+      return relative.build();
+    }
+
+    if (relativeParts.hostname === baseParts.hostname && relativeParts.port === baseParts.port) {
+      relativeParts.hostname = null;
+      relativeParts.port = null;
+    } else {
+      return relative.build();
+    }
+
+    if (relativePath === basePath) {
+      relativeParts.path = '';
+      return relative.build();
+    }
+
+    // determine common sub path
+    common = URI.commonPath(relativePath, basePath);
+
+    // If the paths have nothing in common, return a relative URL with the absolute path.
+    if (!common) {
+      return relative.build();
+    }
+
+    var parents = baseParts.path
+      .substring(common.length)
+      .replace(/[^\/]*$/, '')
+      .replace(/.*?\//g, '../');
+
+    relativeParts.path = (parents + relativeParts.path.substring(common.length)) || './';
+
+    return relative.build();
+  };
+
+  // comparing URIs
+  p.equals = function(uri) {
+    var one = this.clone();
+    var two = new URI(uri);
+    var one_map = {};
+    var two_map = {};
+    var checked = {};
+    var one_query, two_query, key;
+
+    one.normalize();
+    two.normalize();
+
+    // exact match
+    if (one.toString() === two.toString()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    // extract query string
+    one_query = one.query();
+    two_query = two.query();
+    one.query('');
+    two.query('');
+
+    // definitely not equal if not even non-query parts match
+    if (one.toString() !== two.toString()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // query parameters have the same length, even if they're permuted
+    if (one_query.length !== two_query.length) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    one_map = URI.parseQuery(one_query, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);
+    two_map = URI.parseQuery(two_query, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);
+
+    for (key in one_map) {
+      if (hasOwn.call(one_map, key)) {
+        if (!isArray(one_map[key])) {
+          if (one_map[key] !== two_map[key]) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        } else if (!arraysEqual(one_map[key], two_map[key])) {
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        checked[key] = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (key in two_map) {
+      if (hasOwn.call(two_map, key)) {
+        if (!checked[key]) {
+          // two contains a parameter not present in one
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  };
+
+  // state
+  p.preventInvalidHostname = function(v) {
+    this._parts.preventInvalidHostname = !!v;
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  p.duplicateQueryParameters = function(v) {
+    this._parts.duplicateQueryParameters = !!v;
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  p.escapeQuerySpace = function(v) {
+    this._parts.escapeQuerySpace = !!v;
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  return URI;
+}));