icu 0.9.1 → 0.10.0

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Files changed (54) hide show
  1. checksums.yaml +7 -0
  2. data/.gitignore +14 -0
  3. data/.travis.yml +11 -0
  4. data/Gemfile +3 -0
  5. data/LICENSE +20 -0
  6. data/README.md +69 -0
  7. data/Rakefile +38 -0
  8. data/benchmark/normalization.rb +106 -0
  9. data/benchmark/normalization_phrases.txt +1031 -0
  10. data/benchmark/normalization_result.txt +45 -0
  11. data/benchmark/normalization_wikip.txt +2838 -0
  12. data/ext/icu/extconf.rb +242 -0
  13. data/ext/icu/icu.c +18 -0
  14. data/ext/icu/icu.h +78 -0
  15. data/ext/icu/icu_charset_detector.c +192 -0
  16. data/ext/icu/icu_collator.c +138 -0
  17. data/ext/icu/icu_locale.c +852 -0
  18. data/ext/icu/icu_normalizer.c +122 -0
  19. data/ext/icu/icu_number_format.c +0 -0
  20. data/ext/icu/icu_spoof_checker.c +194 -0
  21. data/ext/icu/icu_transliterator.c +159 -0
  22. data/ext/icu/internal_encoding.c +38 -0
  23. data/ext/icu/internal_ustring.c +304 -0
  24. data/ext/icu/internal_utils.c +50 -0
  25. data/ext/icu/rb_errors.c +14 -0
  26. data/icu.gemspec +22 -0
  27. data/lib/icu.rb +6 -18
  28. data/lib/icu/charset_detector.rb +5 -0
  29. data/lib/icu/collator.rb +24 -0
  30. data/lib/icu/locale.rb +19 -0
  31. data/lib/icu/transliterator.rb +8 -0
  32. data/lib/icu/version.rb +3 -0
  33. data/spec/charset_detector_spec.rb +47 -0
  34. data/spec/collator_spec.rb +73 -0
  35. data/spec/locale_spec.rb +312 -0
  36. data/spec/normalizer_spec.rb +35 -0
  37. data/spec/spec_helper.rb +8 -0
  38. data/spec/spoof_checker_spec.rb +56 -0
  39. data/spec/transliterator_spec.rb +41 -0
  40. metadata +132 -55
  41. data/COPYING +0 -674
  42. data/COPYING.LESSER +0 -165
  43. data/README +0 -81
  44. data/ext/extconf.rb +0 -31
  45. data/ext/icu.c +0 -128
  46. data/ext/icu.h +0 -34
  47. data/ext/icu_locale.c +0 -330
  48. data/ext/icu_locale_country.c +0 -99
  49. data/ext/icu_locale_language.c +0 -99
  50. data/ext/icu_numeric.c +0 -161
  51. data/ext/icu_time.c +0 -391
  52. data/test/test_locale.rb +0 -73
  53. data/test/test_numeric.rb +0 -78
  54. data/test/test_time.rb +0 -75
data/benchmark/normalization_result.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
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+
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+ Single string benchmark
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+
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+ Rehearsal ----------------------------------------------------------
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+ ICU normalizer nfd 0.210000 0.010000 0.220000 ( 0.216603)
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+ Ruby stdlib normalizer 0.500000 0.020000 0.520000 ( 0.524519)
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+ twitter-cldr 0.600000 0.020000 0.620000 ( 0.621111)
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+ Active Support 0.890000 0.010000 0.900000 ( 0.900480)
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+ ------------------------------------------------- total: 2.260000sec
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+
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+ user system total real
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+ ICU normalizer nfd 0.170000 0.000000 0.170000 ( 0.172589)
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+ Ruby stdlib normalizer 0.400000 0.010000 0.410000 ( 0.408850)
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+ twitter-cldr 0.490000 0.010000 0.500000 ( 0.505835)
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+ Active Support 0.700000 0.000000 0.700000 ( 0.706704)
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+
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+ Phrases benchmark
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+
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+ Rehearsal ----------------------------------------------------------
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+ ICU normalizer nfd 0.490000 0.060000 0.550000 ( 0.547388)
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+ Ruby stdlib normalizer 4.050000 0.010000 4.060000 ( 4.079646)
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+ twitter-cldr 3.810000 0.010000 3.820000 ( 3.820636)
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+ Active Support 24.610000 0.440000 25.050000 ( 25.123785)
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+ ------------------------------------------------ total: 33.480000sec
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+
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+ user system total real
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+ ICU normalizer nfd 0.380000 0.040000 0.420000 ( 0.412939)
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+ Ruby stdlib normalizer 3.640000 0.010000 3.650000 ( 3.653295)
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+ twitter-cldr 3.630000 0.010000 3.640000 ( 3.649827)
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+ Active Support 24.580000 0.450000 25.030000 ( 25.102218)
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+
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+ Article benchmark
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+
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+ Rehearsal ----------------------------------------------------------
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+ ICU normalizer nfd 0.270000 0.070000 0.340000 ( 0.331666)
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+ Ruby stdlib normalizer 3.140000 0.040000 3.180000 ( 3.198928)
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+ twitter-cldr 3.160000 0.050000 3.210000 ( 3.213608)
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+ Active Support 30.580000 0.450000 31.030000 ( 31.157866)
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+ ------------------------------------------------ total: 37.760000sec
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+
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+ user system total real
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+ ICU normalizer nfd 0.250000 0.060000 0.310000 ( 0.314648)
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+ Ruby stdlib normalizer 3.170000 0.050000 3.220000 ( 3.218811)
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+ twitter-cldr 3.170000 0.050000 3.220000 ( 3.226082)
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+ Active Support 30.470000 0.510000 30.980000 ( 31.080646)
data/benchmark/normalization_wikip.txt ADDED
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+ <!DOCTYPE html>
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+ <!-- saved from url=(0052)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true -->
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+ <html class="client-js ve-not-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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+
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+ <title>Braille - Wikipedia</title>
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+ <script>document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace( /(^|\s)client-nojs(\s|$)/, "$1client-js$2" );</script>
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+ <script>(window.RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Braille","wgTitle":"Braille","wgCurRevisionId":770165277,"wgRevisionId":770165277,"wgArticleId":3933,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 errors: external links","CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown","Pages using ISBN magic links","Spoken articles","Articles with hAudio microformats","Articles containing French-language text","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2011","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016","Use dmy dates from February 2011","Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers","Scripts with ISO 15924 four-letter codes","Braille","Assistive technology","Augmentative and alternative communication","Blindness","Character sets","Latin-alphabet representations","French inventions","Digital typography","1824 introductions","Scripts encoded in Unicode 3.0"],"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgMonthNamesShort":["","Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"wgRelevantPageName":"Braille","wgRelevantArticleId":3933,"wgRequestId":"WNoekQpAEK0AAGVuuQIAAAAQ","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{}},"wgStableRevisionId":null,"wgWikiEditorEnabledModules":{"toolbar":true,"dialogs":true,"preview":false,"publish":false},"wgBetaFeaturesFeatures":[],"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsShouldSendModuleToUser":false,"wgPopupsConflictsWithNavPopupGadget":false,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","usePageImages":true,"usePageDescriptions":true},"wgPreferredVariant":"en","wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"nearby":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true},"wgRelatedArticles":null,"wgRelatedArticlesBetaFeatureEnabled":false,"wgRelatedArticlesUseCirrusSearch":true,"wgRelatedArticlesOnlyUseCirrusSearch":false,"wgULSCurrentAutonym":"English","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCentralNoticeCookiesToDelete":[],"wgCentralNoticeCategoriesUsingLegacy":["Fundraising","fundraising"],"wgCategoryTreePageCategoryOptions":"{\"mode\":0,\"hideprefix\":20,\"showcount\":true,\"namespaces\":false}","wgWikibaseItemId":"Q79894","wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgVisualEditorToolbarScrollOffset":0,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":false});mw.loader.state({"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.site.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","noscript":"ready","user.styles":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","user.tokens":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.thumbnail.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","mediawiki.legacy.shared":"ready","mediawiki.legacy.commonPrint":"ready","mediawiki.sectionAnchor":"ready","mediawiki.skinning.interface":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.site":"ready"});mw.loader.implement("user.options@0j3lz3q",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.options.set({"variant":"en"});});mw.loader.implement("user.tokens@1dqfd7l",function ( $, jQuery, require, module ) {
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+ mw.user.tokens.set({"editToken":"+\\","patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"});/*@nomin*/;
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+
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+ });mw.loader.load(["ext.cite.a11y","mw.MediaWikiPlayer.loader","mw.PopUpMediaTransform","mw.TMHGalleryHook.js","mediawiki.toc","mediawiki.action.view.postEdit","site","mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.user","mediawiki.hidpi","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.legacy.wikibits","mediawiki.searchSuggest","ext.gadget.teahouse","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.watchlist-notice","ext.gadget.DRN-wizard","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.featured-articles-links","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.head","mmv.bootstrap.autostart","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.eventLogging.subscriber","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.eventlogger","ext.uls.init","ext.uls.interface","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","skins.vector.js"]);});</script>
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/load.php">
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+ <script async="" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/load(1).php"></script>
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+ <style>
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+ .cite-accessibility-label{ top:-99999px;clip:rect( 1px 1px 1px 1px ); clip:rect( 1px,1px,1px,1px ); position:absolute !important;padding:0 !important;border:0 !important;height:1px !important;width:1px !important; overflow:hidden}
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+ .skin-vector li.GA,.skin-monobook li.GA,.skin-modern li.GA{list-style-image:url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Monobook-bullet-ga.png)} .skin-vector li.FA,.skin-monobook li.FA{list-style-image:url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Monobook-bullet-star.png)}.skin-modern li.FA{list-style-image:url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Modern-bullet-star.svg/9px-Modern-bullet-star.svg.png)}
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+ .wp-teahouse-question-form{position:absolute;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;background-color:#f4f3f0;border:1px solid #a7d7f9;padding:1em}#wp-th-question-ask{float:right}.wp-teahouse-ask a.external{background-image:none !important}.wp-teahouse-respond-form{position:absolute;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;background-color:#f4f3f0;border:1px solid #a7d7f9;padding:1em}.wp-th-respond{float:right}.wp-teahouse-respond a.external{background-image:none !important}
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+ .suggestions{overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:0;border:0;z-index:1099;padding:0;margin:-1px 0 0 0}.suggestions-special{position:relative;background-color:#fff;cursor:pointer;border:solid 1px #aaa;margin:0;margin-top:-2px;display:none;padding:0.25em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em}.suggestions-results{background-color:#fff;cursor:pointer;border:solid 1px #aaa;padding:0;margin:0}.suggestions-result{color:#000;margin:0;line-height:1.5em;padding:0.01em 0.25em;text-align:left; overflow:hidden;-o-text-overflow:ellipsis; text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.suggestions-result-current{background-color:#4c59a6;color:#fff}.suggestions-special .special-label{color:#808080;text-align:left}.suggestions-special .special-query{color:#000;font-style:italic;text-align:left}.suggestions-special .special-hover{background-color:#c0c0c0}.suggestions-result-current .special-label,.suggestions-result-current .special-query{color:#fff}.highlight{font-weight:bold}
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+ @media screen {
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+ .tochidden,.toctoggle{-moz-user-select:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}.toctoggle{font-size:94%}}
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+ @media print {
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+ #toc.tochidden,.toctoggle{display:none}}
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#ffffff}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.is-on,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive.is-on,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-checked,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#2a4b8d;border-color:#2a4b8d;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:disabled,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive:disabled{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:disabled:hover,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive:disabled:hover,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:disabled:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive:disabled:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:disabled.mw-ui-checked,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive:disabled.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive.mw-ui-quiet{color:#222222}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet:hover,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive.mw-ui-quiet:hover{background-color:transparent;color:#447ff5}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet.mw-ui-checked,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive.mw-ui-quiet.mw-ui-checked{color:#2a4b8d}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet:focus,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive.mw-ui-quiet:focus{background-color:transparent;color:#3366cc}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet:disabled,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive.mw-ui-quiet:disabled{color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive{background-color:#dd3333;color:#fff;border:1px solid #dd3333;text-shadow:0 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:hover{background-color:#ff4242;border-color:#ff4242}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:focus{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #dd3333,inset 0 0 0 2px #ffffff}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.is-on,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#b32424;border-color:#b32424;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:disabled{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:disabled:hover,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:disabled:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:disabled.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet{color:#222222}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet:hover{background-color:transparent;color:#ff4242}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet.mw-ui-checked{color:#b32424}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet:focus{background-color:transparent;color:#dd3333}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet:disabled{color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet{background:transparent;border:0;text-shadow:none;color:#222222}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:hover{background-color:transparent;color:#444444}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet.mw-ui-checked{color:#000000}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:focus{background-color:transparent;color:#222222}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:disabled{color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:hover,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:focus{box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:disabled{background:transparent}input.mw-ui-button::-moz-focus-inner,button.mw-ui-button::-moz-focus-inner{margin-top:-1px;margin-bottom:-1px}a.mw-ui-button{text-decoration:none}a.mw-ui-button:hover,a.mw-ui-button:focus{text-decoration:none}.mw-ui-button-group > *{min-width:48px;border-radius:0;float:left}.mw-ui-button-group > *:first-child{border-top-left-radius:2px;border-bottom-left-radius:2px}.mw-ui-button-group > *:not( :first-child ){border-left:0}.mw-ui-button-group > *:last-child{border-top-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-right-radius:2px}.mw-ui-button-group .is-on .button{cursor:default}
26
+ .mw-ui-icon{position:relative;line-height:1.5em;min-height:1.5em;min-width:1.5em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-element{text-indent:-999px;overflow:hidden;width:3.5em;min-width:3.5em;max-width:3.5em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-element:before{left:0;right:0;position:absolute;margin:0 1em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-before:before,.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-element:before{background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:100% auto;float:left;display:block;min-height:1.5em;content:''}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-before:before{position:relative;width:1.5em;margin-right:1em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-small:before{background-size:66.67% auto}
27
+ #container{position:relative;min-height:100%}#container,video{width:100%;height:100%}#playerContainer{overflow:hidden;position:relative;height:100%;background:#000}#videoHolder{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.fullscreen #playerContainer{position:absolute !important;width:100% !important;height:100%! important;z-index:9999;min-height:100%;top:0;left:0;margin:0}.mwEmbedPlayer{width:100%;height:100%;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:0;left:0}.modal_editor{ left:10px;top:10px;right:10px;bottom:10px;position:fixed;z-index:100}.displayHTML a:visited{color:white}.loadingSpinner{width:32px;height:32px;display:block;padding:0px;background-image:url(/w/extensions/MwEmbedSupport/MwEmbedModules/MwEmbedSupport/skins/common/images/loading_ani.gif?a51c5)}.mw-imported-resource{border:thin solid black}.kaltura-icon{background-image:url(/w/extensions/MwEmbedSupport/MwEmbedModules/MwEmbedSupport/skins/common/images/kaltura_logo_sm_transparent.png?fa5c4) !important;background-repeat:no-repeat;display:block;height:12px;width:12px;margin-top:2px !important;margin-left:3px !important}.mw-fullscreen-overlay{background:rgb(0,0,0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;position:fixed;top:0pt;left:0pt;width:100%;height:100%;-moz-background-clip:border;-moz-background-origin:padding;-moz-background-inline-policy:continuous} .play-btn-large{width:70px;height:53px;background :url(/w/extensions/MwEmbedSupport/MwEmbedModules/MwEmbedSupport/skins/common/images/player_big_play_button.png?69699);position :absolute;cursor :pointer;border :none !important; }.play-btn-large:hover{background :url(/w/extensions/MwEmbedSupport/MwEmbedModules/MwEmbedSupport/skins/common/images/player_big_play_button_hover.png?97c2a)}.carouselContainer{position :absolute;width :100%;z-index :2}.carouselVideoTitle{position :absolute;top :0px;left :0px;width :100%;background :rgba(0,0,0,0.8);color :white;font-size :small;font-weight :bold;z-index :2}.carouselVideoTitleText{display :block;padding :10px 10px 10px 20px}.carouselTitleDuration{position :absolute;top :0px;right :0px;padding :2px;background-color :#5A5A5A;color :#D9D9D9;font-size :smaller;z-index :2}.carouselImgTitle{position :absolute;width :100%;text-align :center;color :white;font-size :small;background :rgba(0,0,0,0.4)}.carouselImgDuration{position :absolute;top :2px;left :2px;background :rgba( 0,0,0,0.7 );color :white;padding :1px 6px;font-size :small}.carouselPrevButton,.carouselNextButton{display :block;position :absolute;bottom:23px}.carouselPrevButton{left :5px}.carouselNextButton{right:6px}.alert-container{border-radius:3px;background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left bottom,left top,color-stop(0.04,rgb(215,215,215)),color-stop(0.55,rgb(230,230,230)),color-stop(1,rgb(255,255,255)));background-image:-o-linear-gradient(bottom,rgb(215,215,215) 4%,rgb(230,230,230) 55%,rgb(255,255,255) 100%);background-image:-ms-linear-gradient(bottom,rgb(215,215,215) 4%,rgb(230,230,230) 55%,rgb(255,255,255) 100%);background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(bottom,rgb(215,215,215) 4%,rgb(230,230,230) 55%,rgb(255,255,255) 100%);background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(bottom,rgb(215,215,215) 4%,rgb(230,230,230) 55%,rgb(255,255,255) 100%);background-image:linear-gradient(bottom,rgb(215,215,215) 4%,rgb(230,230,230) 55%,rgb(255,255,255) 100%);margin:auto;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;max-width:80%;max-height:30%}.alert-title{background-color :#E6E6E6;padding :5px;border-bottom :1px solid #D1D1D1;font-weight :normal !important;font-size:14px !important;border-top-left-radius:3px;border-top-right-radius:3px }.alert-message{padding :5px;font-weight :normal !important;text-align:center;font-size:14px !important}.alert-buttons-container{text-align:center;padding-bottom:5px}.alert-button{background-color:#474747;color:white;border-radius:.5em;padding:2px 10px;background-image:-webkit-gradient( linear,left bottom,left top,color-stop(0.04,rgb(25,25,25)),color-stop(0.55,rgb(47,47,47)),color-stop(0.68,rgb(71,71,71)) );background-image:-o-linear-gradient(bottom,rgb(25,25,25) 4%,rgb(47,47,47) 55%,rgb(71,71,71) 68%);background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(bottom,rgb(25,25,25) 4%,rgb(47,47,47) 55%,rgb(71,71,71) 68%);background-image:-ms-linear-gradient(bottom,rgb(25,25,25) 4%,rgb(47,47,47) 55%,rgb(71,71,71) 68%);background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(bottom,rgb(25,25,25) 4%,rgb(47,47,47) 55%,rgb(71,71,71) 68%);background-image:linear-gradient(bottom,rgb(25,25,25) 4%,rgb(47,47,47) 55%,rgb(71,71,71) 68%)}.alert-text{color :black !important}
28
+ .PopUpMediaTransform a .play-btn-large{top:50%;left:50%;width:70px;height:53px;margin-left:-35px;margin-top:-25px;background-image:url(data:image/png;base64,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);background-image:url(/w/extensions/TimedMediaHandler/resources/player_big_play_button.png?f49a4)!ie}.PopUpMediaTransform a .play-btn-large :hover{background-image:url(data:image/png;base64,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);background-image:url(/w/extensions/TimedMediaHandler/resources/player_big_play_button_hover.png?8a926)!ie} .mw-tmh-playtext{display:block;height:0;overflow:hidden}
29
+ .postedit-container{margin:0 auto;position:fixed;top:0;height:0;left:50%;z-index:1000;font-size:13px}.postedit-container:hover{cursor:pointer}.postedit{position:relative;top:0.6em;left:-50%;padding:0.6em 3.6em 0.6em 1.1em;line-height:1.5625em;color:#626465;background-color:#f4f4f4;border:1px solid #dcd9d9;text-shadow:0 0.0625em 0 rgba( 255,255,255,0.5 );border-radius:5px;box-shadow:0 2px 5px 0 #ccc;-webkit-transition:all 0.25s ease-in-out;-moz-transition:all 0.25s ease-in-out;-ms-transition:all 0.25s ease-in-out;-o-transition:all 0.25s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.25s ease-in-out}.skin-monobook .postedit{top:6em !important; }.postedit-faded{opacity:0}.postedit-icon{padding-left:41px; line-height:25px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:8px 50%}.postedit-icon-checkmark{background-image:url(data:image/png;base64,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);background-image:url(/w/resources/src/mediawiki.action/images/green-checkmark.png?d94f1)!ie;background-position:left}.postedit-close{position:absolute;padding:0 0.8em;right:0;top:0;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:bold;line-height:2.3em;color:#000;text-shadow:0 0.0625em 0 #fff;text-decoration:none;opacity:0.2;filter:alpha( opacity=20 )}.postedit-close:hover{color:#000;text-decoration:none;opacity:0.4;filter:alpha( opacity=40 )}
30
+ @-webkit-keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(-20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateY(0)}}@-moz-keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;-moz-transform:translateY(-20px)}100%{opacity:1;-moz-transform:translateY(0)}}@-o-keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;-o-transform:translateY(-20px)}100%{opacity:1;-o-transform:translateY(0)}}@keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY(-20px)}100%{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}}.centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{-webkit-animation-duration:1s;-moz-animation-duration:1s;-o-animation-duration:1s;animation-duration:1s;-webkit-animation-fill-mode:both;-moz-animation-fill-mode:both;-o-animation-fill-mode:both;animation-fill-mode:both;-webkit-animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation;-moz-animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation;-o-animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation;animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation}
31
+ .ext-quick-survey-panel,.ext-qs-loader-bar{width:auto;background-color:#eaecf0} .ext-qs-loader-bar{display:block;height:100px;margin-left:1.4em;clear:right;float:right;background-color:#eaecf0}.ext-qs-loader-bar.mw-ajax-loader{top:0}@media all and (min-width:720px){.ext-qs-loader-bar,.ext-quick-survey-panel{margin-left:1.4em;width:300px;clear:right;float:right}}</style><style>
32
+ .suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link,.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link:hover,.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link:active,.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link:focus{color:#000;text-decoration:none}.suggestions-result-current a.mw-searchSuggest-link,.suggestions-result-current a.mw-searchSuggest-link:hover,.suggestions-result-current a.mw-searchSuggest-link:active,.suggestions-result-current a.mw-searchSuggest-link:focus{color:#fff}.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link .special-query{ overflow:hidden;-o-text-overflow:ellipsis; text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}
33
+ #uls-settings-block{border-top:1px solid #c9c9c9;background:#f8f8f8;background:-webkit-gradient( linear,left top,left bottom,from( #fbfbfb ),to( #f0f0f0 ) );background:-webkit-linear-gradient( top,#fbfbfb,#f0f0f0 );background:-moz-linear-gradient( top,#fbfbfb,#f0f0f0 );background:-o-linear-gradient( top,#fbfbfb,#f0f0f0 );background:linear-gradient( #fbfbfb,#f0f0f0 );padding-left:10px;line-height:1.2em;border-radius:0 0 5px 5px}#uls-settings-block div.display-settings-block,#uls-settings-block div.input-settings-block{display:inline-block;margin:8px 15px;color:#565656}#uls-settings-block div.display-settings-block:hover,#uls-settings-block div.input-settings-block:hover{color:#252525}
34
+ .mw-mmv-overlay{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:1000;background-color:#000}body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open{overflow-y:auto; }body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #mw-page-base,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #mw-head-base,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #mw-navigation,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #content,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #footer,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #globalWrapper{ display:none}body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open > *{ display:none}body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open > .mw-mmv-overlay,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open > .mw-mmv-wrapper{display:block}.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons{margin-top:5px}.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons .mw-mmv-view-expanded,.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons .mw-mmv-view-config{display:block;line-height:inherit}.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons .mw-mmv-view-expanded.mw-ui-icon:before{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201024%20768%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cg%20fill%3D%22%2372777d%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M851.2%2071.6L690.7%20232.1l-40.1-40.3-9.6%20164.8%20164.8-9.3-40.3-40.4L926%20146.4l58.5%2058.5L997.6%200%20792.7%2013.1%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M769.6%2089.3H611.9l70.9%2070.8%207.9%207.5m-47.1%20234.6l-51.2%203%203-51.2%209.4-164.4%205.8-100.3H26.4V768h883.1V387l-100.9%205.8-165%209.4zM813.9%20678H113.6l207.2-270.2%2031.5-12.9L548%20599.8l105.9-63.2%20159.8%20140.8.2.6zm95.6-291.9V228l-79.1%2078.9%207.8%207.9%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fg%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A)}.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons .mw-mmv-view-config.mw-ui-icon:before{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201024%20768%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M897%20454.6V313.4L810.4%20299c-6.4-23.3-16-45.7-27.3-65.8l50.5-71.4-99.4-100.2-71.4%2050.5c-20.9-11.2-42.5-20.9-65.8-27.3L582.6-1H441.4L427%2085.6c-23.3%206.4-45.7%2016-65.8%2027.3l-71.4-50.5-100.3%2099.5%2050.5%2071.4c-11.2%2020.9-20.9%2042.5-27.3%2066.6L127%20313.4v141.2l85.8%2014.4c6.4%2023.3%2016%2045.7%2027.3%2066.6L189.6%20607l99.5%2099.5%2071.4-50.5c20.9%2011.2%2042.5%2020.9%2066.6%2027.3l14.4%2085.8h141.2l14.4-86.6c23.3-6.4%2045.7-16%2065.8-27.3l71.4%2050.5%2099.5-99.5-50.5-71.4c11.2-20.9%2020.9-42.5%2027.3-66.6l86.4-13.6zm-385%2077c-81.8%200-147.6-66.6-147.6-147.6%200-81.8%2066.6-147.6%20147.6-147.6S659.6%20302.2%20659.6%20384%20593.8%20531.6%20512%20531.6z%22%20fill%3D%22%2372777d%22%2F%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A);opacity:0.75}.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons .mw-mmv-view-config.mw-ui-icon:before:hover{opacity:1}
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+ .ve-activated #toc,.ve-activated #siteNotice,.ve-activated .mw-indicators,.ve-activated #t-print,.ve-activated #t-permalink,.ve-activated #p-coll-print_export,.ve-activated #t-cite,.ve-deactivating .ve-ui-surface,.ve-active .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-editableContent{display:none} .ve-activating .ve-ui-surface{height:0;padding:0 !important; overflow:hidden} .ve-loading #content > :not( .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-loading-overlay ), .ve-activated .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-uneditableContent{ pointer-events:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none; opacity:0.5}.ve-activated .catlinks{cursor:pointer}.ve-activated .catlinks a{opacity:1} .ve-activated #content{position:relative} .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-loading-overlay{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;z-index:1;margin-top:-0.5em}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-progress{height:1em;overflow:hidden;margin:0 25%}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-progress-bar{height:1em;width:0} .mw-editsection{white-space:nowrap; unicode-bidi:-moz-isolate;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;unicode-bidi:isolate}.mw-editsection-divider{color:#555} .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-progress{height:0.75em;border:1px solid #36c;background:#fff;border-radius:2px;box-shadow:0 0.1em 0 0 rgba( 0,0,0,0.15 )}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-progress-bar{height:0.75em;background:#36c}</style><style>
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+ .fg-menu-container{position:absolute;top:0;left:-999px;padding:.4em;overflow:hidden}.fg-menu-container.fg-menu-flyout{overflow:visible}.fg-menu,.fg-menu ul{list-style:none none;padding:0;margin:0}.fg-menu{position:relative}.fg-menu-flyout .fg-menu{position:static}.fg-menu ul{position:absolute;top:0}.fg-menu ul ul{top:-1px}.fg-menu-container.fg-menu-ipod .fg-menu-content,.fg-menu-container.fg-menu-ipod .fg-menu-content ul{background:none !important}.fg-menu.fg-menu-scroll,.fg-menu ul.fg-menu-scroll{overflow:scroll;overflow-x:hidden}.fg-menu li{clear:both;float:left;width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0}.fg-menu li li{font-size:1em} .fg-menu-flyout ul ul{padding:.4em}.fg-menu-flyout li{position:relative}.fg-menu-scroll{overflow:scroll;overflow-x:hidden}.fg-menu-breadcrumb{margin:0;padding:0}.fg-menu-footer{margin-top:.4em;padding:.4em;position:absolute;bottom:2px;width:170px}.fg-menu-header{margin-bottom:.4em;padding:.4em}.fg-menu-breadcrumb li{float:left;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0 .2em;font-size:.9em;opacity:.7}.fg-menu-breadcrumb li.fg-menu-prev-list,.fg-menu-breadcrumb li.fg-menu-current-crumb{clear:left;float:none;opacity:1}.fg-menu-breadcrumb li.fg-menu-current-crumb{padding-top:.2em}.fg-menu-breadcrumb a,.fg-menu-breadcrumb span{float:left}.fg-menu-footer a:link,.fg-menu-footer a:visited{float:left;width:100%;text-decoration:none}.fg-menu-footer a:hover,.fg-menu-footer a:active{}.fg-menu-footer a span{float:left;cursor:pointer}.fg-menu-breadcrumb .fg-menu-prev-list a:link,.fg-menu-breadcrumb .fg-menu-prev-list a:visited,.fg-menu-breadcrumb .fg-menu-prev-list a:hover,.fg-menu-breadcrumb .fg-menu-prev-list a:active{background-image:none;text-decoration:none}.fg-menu-breadcrumb .fg-menu-prev-list a{float:left;padding-right:.4em}.fg-menu-breadcrumb .fg-menu-prev-list a .ui-icon{float:left}.fg-menu-breadcrumb .fg-menu-current-crumb a:link,.fg-menu-breadcrumb .fg-menu-current-crumb a:visited,.fg-menu-breadcrumb .fg-menu-current-crumb a:hover,.fg-menu-breadcrumb .fg-menu-current-crumb a:active{display:block;background-image:none;font-size:1.3em;text-decoration:none} .fg-menu a:link,.fg-menu a:visited,.fg-menu a:hover,.fg-menu a:active{float:left;width:92%;padding:.3em 3%;text-decoration:none;outline:0 !important}.fg-menu a{border:1px dashed transparent}.fg-menu a.ui-state-default:link,.fg-menu a.ui-state-default:visited,.fg-menu a.ui-state-default:hover,.fg-menu a.ui-state-default:active,.fg-menu a.ui-state-hover:link,.fg-menu a.ui-state-hover:visited,.fg-menu a.ui-state-hover:hover,.fg-menu a.ui-state-hover:active,.fg-menu a.ui-state-active:link,.fg-menu a.ui-state-active:visited,.fg-menu a.ui-state-active:hover,.fg-menu a.ui-state-active:active{border-style:solid;font-weight:normal}.fg-menu a span{display:block;cursor:pointer} .fg-menu-indicator span{float:left}.fg-menu-indicator span.ui-icon{float:right}.fg-menu-content.ui-widget-content,.fg-menu-content ul.ui-widget-content{border:0} .fg-menu.fg-menu-has-icons a:link,.fg-menu.fg-menu-has-icons a:visited,.fg-menu.fg-menu-has-icons a:hover,.fg-menu.fg-menu-has-icons a:active{padding-left:20px}.fg-menu .horizontal-divider hr,.fg-menu .horizontal-divider span{padding:0;margin:5px .6em}.fg-menu .horizontal-divider hr{border:0;height:1px}.fg-menu .horizontal-divider span{font-size:.9em;text-transform:uppercase;padding-left:.2em}
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+ .k-player{color:#FFF;background-color:#000}.k-player .videoHolder a{color:#0645AD}.k-player .videoHolder a:visited{color:#0B0080}.k-player .ui-widget-content{color:#555;z-index:1503}.k-player .ui-widget-content a{color:#555} .k-player .play-btn-large{width:70px;height:55px;background:url(/w/extensions/TimedMediaHandler/MwEmbedModules/EmbedPlayer/resources/skins/kskin/images/ksprite.png?3c85d) no-repeat 0px -433px;position:absolute;cursor:pointer;border:none}@print{.k-player .play-btn-large{display:none}} .k-player .play-btn-large:hover{background:url(/w/extensions/TimedMediaHandler/MwEmbedModules/EmbedPlayer/resources/skins/kskin/images/ksprite.png?3c85d) no-repeat 0px -377px} .k-player .control-bar .ui-icon,.k-player .control-bar .ui-icon{background:transparent url(/w/extensions/TimedMediaHandler/MwEmbedModules/EmbedPlayer/resources/skins/kskin/images/ksprite.png?3c85d) no-repeat scroll 0 -48px}.k-player .ui-state-default .ui-icon-arrow-4-diag{background-position:0 -32px} .k-player .ui-state-hover .ui-icon-arrow-4-diag{background-position:-16px -32px}.k-player .ui-state-hover .ui-icon-volume-on{background-position:-16px -48px} .k-player .ui-state-default .ui-icon-comment{background-position:0px -65px}.k-player .ui-state-default .ui-icon-play{background:url(/w/extensions/TimedMediaHandler/MwEmbedModules/EmbedPlayer/resources/skins/kskin/images/ksprite.png?3c85d) no-repeat 0 0}.k-player .ui-state-hover .ui-icon-play{background-position:-16px 0}.k-player .ui-state-default .ui-icon-pause{background:url(/w/extensions/TimedMediaHandler/MwEmbedModules/EmbedPlayer/resources/skins/kskin/images/ksprite.png?3c85d) no-repeat 0 -17px}.k-player .ui-state-hover .ui-icon-pause{background-position:-16px -17px}.k-player .control-bar{border:1px solid #c8c8c8;border-top:0px;border-right:0px;height:21px;padding:2px 0 0 6px;margin-top:0px;background:url(/w/extensions/TimedMediaHandler/MwEmbedModules/EmbedPlayer/resources/skins/kskin/images/ksprite.png?3c85d) repeat-x 0 -81px;font:normal 11px arial,sans-serif;color:#555;position:absolute;bottom:0px;left:0px;right:0px;z-index:2}.k-player .play_head{background:url(/w/extensions/TimedMediaHandler/MwEmbedModules/EmbedPlayer/resources/skins/kskin/images/ksprite.png?3c85d) repeat-x scroll 0 -350px transparent;display:inline; float:left;margin-left:10px;border:1px solid #EEEEEE;height:8px;margin:5px 2px 0 0px;position:relative; direction:ltr}.k-player .play_head .ui-slider-handle{background:url(/w/extensions/TimedMediaHandler/MwEmbedModules/EmbedPlayer/resources/skins/kskin/images/ksprite.png?3c85d) no-repeat scroll -67px -341px transparent !important;border:1px solid #888888;display:block;height:8px;margin:-1px 0 0 -5px;position:absolute;top:0;width:8px;cursor:pointer;-moz-border-radius:5px 5px 5px 5px;border-radius:5px 5px 5px 5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px 5px 5px 5px}.k-player .ui-corner-all{border-radius:5px 5px 5px 5px !important;-webkit-border-radius:5px 5px 5px 5px !important;-moz-border-radius:5px 5px 5px 5px !important}.k-player ul.fg-menu{margin:0.3em 0 0 .3em;font-size:1.2em;padding:0px}.k-player .fg-menu-container{padding:0px; right:16px; overflow:auto}.ui-dialog-content .k-player ul.fg-menu{font-size:1.2em}.k-player .time-disp{border:medium none;display:inline;color:#555555;font:11px arial,sans-serif;line-height:20px;overflow:hidden;width:39px; float:right}.k-player .source-switch{border:medium none;display:inline;color:#555;font:11px arial,sans-serif;line-height:20px;overflow:hidden;width:70px;cursor:pointer; float:right;text-align:center}.k-player .lButton{cursor:pointer; float:left;list-style:none outside none;margin:2px;padding:0px 0;width:19px;height:16px;position:relative;background:none repeat scroll 0 0 transparent !important;border:medium none}.k-player .rButton{cursor:pointer; float:right;list-style:none outside none;margin-top:2px;padding:0px 0;width:22px;height:16px;position:relative;background:none repeat scroll 0 0 transparent !important;border:medium none}.k-player .k-options{border:1px solid #AAAAAA !important;color:#555555 !important; float:right;height:21px;margin-top:-2px;margin-right:0px;width:50px;background:none repeat scroll 0 0 transparent !important;font-family:Lucida Grande,Lucida Sans,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;text-align:center}.k-player .k-options span{position:relative;top:4px}.k-player .k-menu-screens{ float:left;font-size:14px;text-align:left;padding:5px 5px 10px 5px}.k-player ul.k-menu-bar{background:url(/w/extensions/TimedMediaHandler/MwEmbedModules/EmbedPlayer/resources/skins/kskin/images/ksprite.png?3c85d) no-repeat scroll -99px -104px transparent;bottom:5px;height:128px;list-style:none outside none;padding:0 0 5px;position:absolute; right:0;margin-left:0}.k-player .k-menu{background:none repeat scroll 0 0 #181818;border:medium none;display:none;left:0;position:absolute;top:0}.k-player .k-menu-bar li a{background:url(/w/extensions/TimedMediaHandler/MwEmbedModules/EmbedPlayer/resources/skins/kskin/images/ksprite.png?3c85d) no-repeat scroll -51px -110px transparent;display:block;height:32px;margin-left:1px;overflow:hidden;text-indent:99999px;width:49px}.k-menu-bar li a:hover{background-position:-1px -110px}.k-menu-bar li.k-download-btn a{background-position:-51px -203px}.k-menu-bar li.k-download-btn a:hover{background-position:-1px -203px}.k-menu-bar li.k-share-btn a{background-position:-51px -172px}.k-menu-bar li.k-share-btn a:hover{background-position:-1px -172px}.k-menu-bar li.k-credits-btn a{background-position:-51px -141px}.k-menu-bar li.k-credits-btn a:hover{background-position:-1px -141px}.k-menu-screens p{margin:6px 0}.k-menu-screens a img{border:none}.k-menu-screens ul{padding:0;margin:6px 0 0;list-style:none outside none}.k-edit-screen{width:370px;height:223px;padding-top:77px;text-align:center;background:#181818;color:#fff}.k-edit-screen div{}.k-edit-screen a{color:#7BB8FC}.k-edit-screen a img{border:none}.k-menu-screens h2,.k-menu-screens h3{padding:0 0 5px 15px;clear:both;font-size:12px;color:#999;border-bottom:0}.k-menu-screens p{margin:6px 0}.k-menu-screens a img{border:none}.k-menu-screens ul{padding:0;margin:6px 0 0;list-style:none outside none}.k-menu-screens li{margin-bottom:6px}.k-menu-screens li a{padding-left:22px;padding-right:22px;background:url(/w/extensions/TimedMediaHandler/MwEmbedModules/EmbedPlayer/resources/skins/kskin/images/ksprite.png?3c85d) no-repeat -85px -274px;text-decoration:none;color:#BBB}.k-menu-screens li a.active,.k-menu-screens li a:hover .active{background-position:-85px -245px}.k-menu-screens li a:hover{background-position:-85px -259px}.k-menu textarea{background:none repeat scroll 0 0 transparent;border-color:#000000 -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color #000000;border-style:solid none none solid;border-width:2px medium medium 2px;color:#CCCCCC;font:11px arial,sans-serif;overflow:hidden;padding-left:2px;width:95%}.menu-screen.menu-share button{background:url(/w/extensions/TimedMediaHandler/MwEmbedModules/EmbedPlayer/resources/skins/kskin/images/ksprite.png?3c85d) no-repeat scroll 0 -81px #D4D4D4;border:1px solid #000000;color:#000000;float:right;height:34px;padding:0 5px 3px;font-size:1em}.k-player .menu-screen{height:100%;overflow-y:auto;overflow-x:hidden}.k-player .menu-screen.menu-share div.ui-state-highlight{background:none repeat scroll 0 0 transparent;border-color:#554926;color:#FFE96E;float:left;padding:2px 5px}.k-player .menu-screen.menu-share div.ui-state-highlight a{color:#FFE96E;font-weight:bold}.k-player .volume_control{ margin-right:2px;width:16px}.k-player .volume_control span{margin-right:0px}.k-player .volume-slider{width:20px; direction:ltr}.k-player .volume-slider .ui-slider-range{-moz-border-radius:0 0 0 0;background:url(/w/extensions/TimedMediaHandler/MwEmbedModules/EmbedPlayer/resources/skins/kskin/images/ksprite.png?3c85d) repeat-x scroll -66px -306px transparent !important;height:17px;position:absolute}.k-player .volume-slider a.ui-slider-handle{background:none repeat scroll 0 0 transparent;border:medium none;display:block;height:18px;margin:-3px 5px 0 -1px;position:absolute;width:8px}.k-player .ui-slider-horizontal .ui-slider-range-min{ left:0}.k-player .credits_box{background-attachment:scroll;background-color:white;background-image:none;background-position:0 0;bottom:20px;left:20px;position:absolute;right:20px;top:30px;overflow:hidden}.k-player .credits_box a{color:#666;text-decoration:underline}.k-player .creditline img{float:left;width:90px;margin:4px}.k-player .k-attribution{position:absolute;bottom:5px;right :20px;background:url(/w/extensions/TimedMediaHandler/MwEmbedModules/EmbedPlayer/resources/skins/kskin/images/kaltura_open_source_video_platform.png?c1b3e);width :51px;height :12px;cursor:pointer}</style><style>
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+ .ui-helper-hidden{display:none}.ui-helper-hidden-accessible{border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}.ui-helper-reset{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;outline:0;line-height:1.3;text-decoration:none;font-size:100%;list-style:none}.ui-helper-clearfix:before,.ui-helper-clearfix:after{content:"";display:table;border-collapse:collapse}.ui-helper-clearfix:after{clear:both}.ui-helper-clearfix{zoom:1}.ui-helper-zfix{width:100%;height:100%;top:0;left:0;position:absolute;opacity:0;filter:Alpha(Opacity=0)} .ui-state-disabled{cursor:default !important} .ui-icon{display:block;text-indent:-99999px;overflow:hidden;background-repeat:no-repeat} .ui-widget-overlay{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%} .ui-widget{font-family:Verdana,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1.1em}.ui-widget .ui-widget{font-size:1em}.ui-widget input,.ui-widget select,.ui-widget textarea,.ui-widget 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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/load(2).php">
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+ <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.29.0-wmf.17">
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+ <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin">
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+ <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Braille_closeup.jpg">
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+ <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit">
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+ <link rel="edit" title="Edit this page" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit">
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+ <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille">
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+ <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://login.wikimedia.org/">
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+ <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/">
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+ <script src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/load(3).php"></script><style type="text/css">
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+ :root #content > #center > .dose > .dosesingle,
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+ :root #content > #right > .dose > .dosesingle
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+ { display: none !important; }</style><style>@keyframes opacity-100-25-0-12{0%{opacity:0.25007500000000005}0.01%{opacity:0.25}0.02%{opacity:1}0.010000000000005116%{opacity:0.25}100%{opacity:0.25007500000000005}}</style><style>@keyframes opacity-100-25-1-12{0%{opacity:0.31257500000000005}8.343333333333332%{opacity:0.25}8.353333333333332%{opacity:1}8.343333333333334%{opacity:0.25}100%{opacity:0.31257500000000005}}</style><style>@keyframes opacity-100-25-2-12{0%{opacity:0.37507499999999994}16.676666666666666%{opacity:0.25}16.686666666666667%{opacity:1}16.676666666666662%{opacity:0.25}100%{opacity:0.37507499999999994}}</style><style>@keyframes opacity-100-25-3-12{0%{opacity:0.43757500000000005}25.01%{opacity:0.25}25.020000000000003%{opacity:1}25.010000000000005%{opacity:0.25}100%{opacity:0.43757500000000005}}</style><style>@keyframes opacity-100-25-4-12{0%{opacity:0.500075}33.34333333333333%{opacity:0.25}33.353333333333325%{opacity:1}33.343333333333334%{opacity:0.25}100%{opacity:0.500075}}</style><style>@keyframes opacity-100-25-5-12{0%{opacity:0.562575}41.67666666666667%{opacity:0.25}41.68666666666667%{opacity:1}41.67666666666668%{opacity:0.25}100%{opacity:0.562575}}</style><style>@keyframes opacity-100-25-6-12{0%{opacity:0.625075}50.01%{opacity:0.25}50.019999999999996%{opacity:1}50.00999999999999%{opacity:0.25}100%{opacity:0.625075}}</style><style>@keyframes opacity-100-25-7-12{0%{opacity:0.687575}58.343333333333334%{opacity:0.25}58.35333333333333%{opacity:1}58.343333333333334%{opacity:0.25}100%{opacity:0.687575}}</style><style>@keyframes opacity-100-25-8-12{0%{opacity:0.7500749999999999}66.67666666666666%{opacity:0.25}66.68666666666667%{opacity:1}66.67666666666668%{opacity:0.25}100%{opacity:0.7500749999999999}}</style><style>@keyframes opacity-100-25-9-12{0%{opacity:0.812575}75.01%{opacity:0.25}75.02000000000001%{opacity:1}75.00999999999999%{opacity:0.25}100%{opacity:0.812575}}</style><style>@keyframes opacity-100-25-10-12{0%{opacity:0.8750750000000002}83.34333333333335%{opacity:0.25}83.35333333333335%{opacity:1}83.34333333333336%{opacity:0.25}100%{opacity:0.8750750000000002}}</style><style>@keyframes opacity-100-25-11-12{0%{opacity:0.9375749999999999}91.67666666666666%{opacity:0.25}91.68666666666667%{opacity:1}91.67666666666668%{opacity:0.25}100%{opacity:0.9375749999999999}}</style></head>
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+ <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Braille rootpage-Braille skin-vector action-view"> <div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div>
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+ <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div>
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+ <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main">
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+ <a id="top"></a>
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+
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+ <div id="siteNotice" class="mw-body-content"><div id="centralNotice"></div><!-- CentralNotice --></div>
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+ <div class="mw-indicators mw-body-content">
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+ <div id="mw-indicator-spoken-icon" class="mw-indicator"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:En-Braille-article.ogg" title="Listen to this article"><img alt="Listen to this article" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png" width="20" height="15" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/40px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96"></a></div>
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+ </div>
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+ <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Braille</h1>
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+ <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
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+ <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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+ <div id="contentSub"></div>
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+ <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump">
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+ Jump to: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#p-search">search</a>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div role="note" class="hatnote">This article is about the writing system used by people who are blind and have low vision. For other uses, see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Braille (disambiguation)">Braille (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
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+ <table class="infobox" style="width:22em">
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+ <tbody><tr>
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+ <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;padding:0.25em; background:lightblue; color:black;;"><b>Braille</b><br>
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+ <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_B2.svg" class="image" title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803"><img alt="⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/20px-Braille_B2.svg.png" width="20" height="28" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Braille_B2.svg/30px-Braille_B2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Braille_B2.svg/40px-Braille_B2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_R.svg" class="image" title=" ⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235) U+2817"><img alt="⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/20px-Braille_R.svg.png" width="20" height="28" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Braille_R.svg/30px-Braille_R.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Braille_R.svg/40px-Braille_R.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_A1.svg" class="image" title=" ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801"><img alt="⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/20px-Braille_A1.svg.png" width="20" height="28" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/30px-Braille_A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/40px-Braille_A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_I9.svg" class="image" title=" ⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A"><img alt="⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/20px-Braille_I9.svg.png" width="20" height="28" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/30px-Braille_I9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/40px-Braille_I9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_L.svg" class="image" title=" ⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) U+2807"><img alt="⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/20px-Braille_L.svg.png" width="20" height="28" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/30px-Braille_L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/40px-Braille_L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_L.svg" class="image" title=" ⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) U+2807"><img alt="⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/20px-Braille_L.svg.png" width="20" height="28" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/30px-Braille_L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/40px-Braille_L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_E5.svg" class="image" title=" ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) U+2811"><img alt="⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/20px-Braille_E5.svg.png" width="20" height="28" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Braille_E5.svg/30px-Braille_E5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Braille_E5.svg/40px-Braille_E5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></span></th>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr>
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+ <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_closeup.jpg" class="image"><img alt="finger tip touching page with raised dots" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/312px-Braille_closeup.jpg" width="312" height="207" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Braille_closeup.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="300"></a></td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr>
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+ <th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th>
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+ <td>
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+ <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;line-height:1.25em"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabet</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-linear_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-linear writing">non-linear</a>)</div>
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+ </td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr>
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+ <th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th>
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+ <td>Several</td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr>
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+ <th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Creator</th>
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+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr>
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+ <th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;">
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+ <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Time period</div>
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+ </th>
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+ <td>1824 to the present</td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr>
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+ <th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;">
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+ <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Parent systems</div>
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+ </th>
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+ <td>
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+ <div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a>
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+ <ul>
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+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">Early braille</a>
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+ <ul style="margin-left:0.8em;">
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+ <li><b>Braille</b></li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr>
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+ <th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;">
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+ <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Child systems</div>
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+ </th>
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+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French Braille</a><br>
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+ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English Braille</a><br>
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+ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a><br>
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+ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese Braille</a><br>
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+ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a><br>
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+ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean Braille</a><br>
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+ <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">etc.</a></i></td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr>
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+ <th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;">
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+ <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Sister systems</div>
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+ </th>
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+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr>
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+ <th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th>
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+ <td>Left-to-right</td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr>
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+ <th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th>
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+ <td><code>Brai, 570</code></td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr>
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+ <th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;">
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+ <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Unicode alias</div>
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+ </th>
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+ <td>Braille</td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr>
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+ <th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;">
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+ <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode range">Unicode range</a></div>
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+ </th>
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+ <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2800.pdf">U+2800–U+28FF</a></td>
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+ </tr>
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+ </tbody></table>
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+ <table role="presentation" class="metadata mbox-small noprint selfref" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000;width: 22em;">
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+ <tbody><tr>
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+ <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="⠝" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/29px-Braille_N.svg.png" width="29" height="40" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/43px-Braille_N.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/57px-Braille_N.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></td>
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+ <td class="mbox-text plainlist" style="vertical-align:middle; font-size:95%;"><b>This article contains <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode Braille characters</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replacement_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Replacement character">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <strong class="selflink">Braille characters</strong>.</td>
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+ </tr>
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+ </tbody></table>
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+ <div id="section_SpokenWikipedia" class="infobox sisterproject plainlinks haudio">
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+ <div style="text-align: center; white-space:nowrap"><b>Listen to this article</b> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:En-Braille-article.ogg" title="File:En-Braille-article.ogg">info/dl</a>)
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+ <div class="center">
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+ <div class="floatnone">
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+ <div class="mediaContainer" style="width:200px"><div class="mwPlayerContainer k-player" style="width: 200px; position: relative; height: 20px;"><div class="videoHolder"><div class="mwEmbedPlayer" id="mwe_player_0" style=""><img src="data:image/png,%89PNG%0D%0A%1A%0A%00%00%00%0DIHDR%00%00%00%01%00%00%00%01%08%02%00%00%00%90wS%DE%00%00%00%01sRGB%00%AE%CE%1C%E9%00%00%00%09pHYs%00%00%0B%13%00%00%0B%13%01%00%9A%9C%18%00%00%00%07tIME%07%DB%0B%0A%17%041%80%9B%E7%F2%00%00%00%19tEXtComment%00Created%20with%20GIMPW%81%0E%17%00%00%00%0CIDAT%08%D7c%60%60%60%00%00%00%04%00%01&#39;4&#39;%0A%00%00%00%00IEND%AEB%60%82" class="playerPoster" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 90px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 20px; width: 20px;"></div><div title="Play clip" class="play-btn-large" style="left: 50%; top: 50%; margin-left: -35px; margin-top: -27.5px;"></div></div><div class="ui-state-default ui-widget-header ui-helper-clearfix control-bar block" style="height: 20px;"><div title="Player options" class="ui-state-default ui-corner-bl rButton k-options"><span>Menu</span></div><div class="ui-slider ui-slider-horizontal rButton volume-slider ui-widget ui-widget-content ui-corner-all"><div class="ui-slider-range ui-widget-header ui-slider-range-min" style="width: 80%;"></div><a class="ui-slider-handle ui-state-default ui-corner-all" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#" style="left: 80%;"></a></div><div title="Volume control" class="ui-state-default ui-corner-all ui-icon_link rButton volume_control"><span class="ui-icon ui-icon-volume-on"></span></div><div class="ui-widget time-disp">0:00</div><div title="Play clip" class="ui-state-default ui-corner-all ui-icon_link lButton play-btn"><span class="ui-icon ui-icon-play"></span></div></div></div></div>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <p><br></p>
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+ <div style="float: left; margin-left: 5px;">
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+ <div class="floatnone"><img alt="" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png" title="Spoken Wikipedia" width="45" height="34" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/68px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/90px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96"></div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 1.6em; margin-left: 60px;">This audio file was created from a revision of the "<span class="fn">Braille</span>" article dated 2006-09-06, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Audio help</a>)</div>
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+ <div style="text-align: center; clear: both"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">More spoken articles</a></b></div>
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+ </div>
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+ <p><b>Braille</b> <span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English" title="Help:IPA for English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="&#39;b&#39; in &#39;buy&#39;">b</span><span title="&#39;r&#39; in &#39;rye&#39;">r</span><span title="/eɪ/ long &#39;a&#39; in &#39;base&#39;">eɪ</span><span title="&#39;l&#39; in &#39;lie&#39;">l</span></span>/</a></span></span> (<small>French pronunciation:&nbsp;​</small><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_French" title="Help:IPA for French">[bʁaj]</a></span>) is a tactile <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing system</a> used by people who are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Blindness">blind</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visually_impaired" class="mw-redirect" title="Visually impaired">visually impaired</a>. It is traditionally written with embossed paper. Braille-users can read computer screens and other electronic supports thanks to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">refreshable braille displays</a>. They can write braille with the original <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">slate and stylus</a> or type it on a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_writer" class="mw-redirect" title="Braille writer">braille writer</a>, such as a portable <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_note-taker" class="mw-redirect" title="Braille note-taker">braille note-taker</a>, or on a computer that prints with a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">braille embosser</a>.</p>
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+ <p>Braille is named after its creator, Frenchman <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a>, who lost his eyesight due to a childhood accident. In 1824, at the age of 15, Braille developed his code for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="French alphabet">French alphabet</a> as an improvement on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">night writing</a>. He published his system, which subsequently included <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_notation" title="Musical notation">musical notation</a>, in 1829.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> The second revision, published in 1837, was the first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_numeral_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary numeral system">binary</a> form of writing developed in the modern era.</p>
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+ <p>Braille characters are small rectangular blocks called <i>cells</i> that contain tiny palpable bumps called <i>raised dots</i>. The number and arrangement of these dots distinguish one character from another. Since the various braille alphabets originated as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(linguistics)" title="Transcription (linguistics)">transcription</a> codes of printed writing systems, the mappings (sets of character designations) vary from language to language. Furthermore, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English Braille</a> there are three levels of encoding: Grade 1 – a letter-by-letter transcription used for basic literacy; Grade 2 – an addition of abbreviations and contractions; and Grade 3 – various non-standardized personal <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorthand" title="Shorthand">shorthands</a>.</p>
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+ <p>Braille cells are not the only thing to appear in braille text. There may be embossed illustrations and graphs, with the lines either solid or made of series of dots, arrows, bullets that are larger than braille dots, etc. A full Braille cell includes six raised dots arranged in two lateral rows each having three dots.<sup id="cite_ref-Raised_Dots_3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-Raised_Dots-3">[3]</a></sup> The dot positions are identified by numbers from one through six.<sup id="cite_ref-Raised_Dots_3-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-Raised_Dots-3">[3]</a></sup> 64 solutions are possible from using one or more dots.<sup id="cite_ref-Raised_Dots_3-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-Raised_Dots-3">[3]</a></sup> A single cell can be used to represent an alphabet letter, number, punctuation mark, or even an entire word.<sup id="cite_ref-Raised_Dots_3-3" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-Raised_Dots-3">[3]</a></sup></p>
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+ <p>In the face of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_reader" title="Screen reader">screen-reader</a> software, braille usage has declined. However, braille education remains important for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_to_read" title="Learning to read">developing reading skills</a> among blind and visually impaired children, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">braille literacy</a> correlates with higher employment rates.</p>
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+ <p></p>
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+ <div id="toc" class="toc">
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+ <div id="toctitle">
191
+ <h2>Contents</h2>
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+ <span class="toctoggle">&nbsp;[<a role="button" tabindex="0" id="togglelink">hide</a>]&nbsp;</span></div>
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+ <ul>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
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+ <ul>
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+ <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#Derivation"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Derivation</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#Assignment"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Assignment</span></a></li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#Form"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Form</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#Writing_braille"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Writing braille</span></a>
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+ <ul>
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+ <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#Letters"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Letters</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#Formatting"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Formatting</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#Punctuation"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Punctuation</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#Contractions"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Contractions</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#Page_dimensions"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Page dimensions</span></a></li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#Literacy"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Literacy</span></a>
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+ <ul>
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+ <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#U.S._braille_literacy_statistics"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">U.S. braille literacy statistics</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#United_Kingdom"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">United Kingdom</span></a></li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#Braille_transcription"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Braille transcription</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#Braille_translation_software"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Braille translation software</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#Braille-reading_techniques"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Braille-reading techniques</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#International_uniformity"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">International uniformity</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#Other_braille_conventions"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Other braille conventions</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#Uses"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Uses</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#Unicode"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Unicode</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#Observation"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Observation</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#References"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ <p></p>
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+ <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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+ <div class="thumb tright">
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+ <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DSC_4050-MR-Braille.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/220px-DSC_4050-MR-Braille.jpg" width="220" height="296" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/DSC_4050-MR-Braille.jpg/330px-DSC_4050-MR-Braille.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/DSC_4050-MR-Braille.jpg 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="489"></a>
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+ <div class="thumbcaption">
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+ <div class="magnify"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DSC_4050-MR-Braille.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
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+ The Braille code where the word <span lang="fr-Brai"><span title=" ⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234) U+280F" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠏</span><span title=" ⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235) U+2817" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠗</span><span title=" ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) U+2811" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠑</span><span title=" ⠍ (braille pattern dots-134) U+280D" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠍</span><span title=" ⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠊</span><span title=" ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) U+2811" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠑</span><span title=" ⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235) U+2817" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠗</span></span> (<span lang="fr"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/premier#French" class="extiw" title="wikt:premier">premier</a></span>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> for “first”) can be read.</div>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <p>Braille was based on a tactile military <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code" title="Code">code</a> called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">night writing</a>, developed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a> in response to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s demand for a means for soldiers to communicate silently at night and without a light source.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> In Barbier's system, sets of 12 embossed dots encoded 36 different sounds. It proved to be too difficult for soldiers to recognize by touch, and was rejected by the military. In 1821 Barbier visited the Royal Institute for the Blind in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, where he met Louis Braille. Braille identified two major defects of the code: first, by representing only sounds, the code was unable to render the orthography of the words; second, the human finger could not encompass the whole 12-dot symbol without moving, and so could not move rapidly from one symbol to another. Braille's solution was to use 6-dot cells and to assign a specific pattern to each letter of the alphabet.<sup id="cite_ref-No.C3.ABlle_Roy_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-No.C3.ABlle_Roy-5">[5]</a></sup> At first, braille was a one-to-one transliteration of French orthography, but soon various abbreviations, contractions, and even <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">logograms</a> were developed, creating a system much more like shorthand.<sup id="cite_ref-digital_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-digital-6">[6]</a></sup> The expanded English system, called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade-2_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade-2 Braille">Grade-2 Braille</a>, was complete by 1905. To the blind, Braille is an independent writing system, rather than a code of printed orthography.<sup id="cite_ref-D.26B_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-D.26B-7">[7]</a></sup></p>
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+ <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Derivation">Derivation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Derivation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
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+ <p>Braille is derived from the Latin alphabet, albeit indirectly. In Braille's original system, the dot patterns were assigned to letters according to their position within the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collating_sequence" class="mw-redirect" title="Collating sequence">alphabetic order</a> of the French alphabet, with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">accented</a> letters and <i>w</i> sorted at the end.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup></p>
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+ <p>The first ten letters of the alphabet, <i>a–j,</i> use the upper four dot positions: <span title=" ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠁</span><span title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠃</span><span title=" ⠉ (braille pattern dots-14) U+2809" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠉</span><span title=" ⠙ (braille pattern dots-145) U+2819" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠙</span><span title=" ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) U+2811" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠑</span><span title=" ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠋</span><span title=" ⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245) U+281B" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠛</span><span title=" ⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) U+2813" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠓</span><span title=" ⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠊</span><span title=" ⠚ (braille pattern dots-245) U+281A" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠚</span> (black dots in the table below). These stand for the ten digits <i>1–9</i> and <i>0</i> in a system parallel to Hebrew <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gematria" title="Gematria">gematria</a> and Greek <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isopsephy" title="Isopsephy">isopsephy</a>. (Though the dots are assigned in no obvious order, the cells with the fewest dots are assigned to the first three letters (and lowest digits), <i>abc = 123</i> (<span title=" ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠁</span><span title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠃</span><span title=" ⠉ (braille pattern dots-14) U+2809" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠉</span>), and to the three vowels in this part of the alphabet, <i>aei</i> (<span title=" ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠁</span><span title=" ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) U+2811" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠑</span><span title=" ⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠊</span>), whereas the even digits, <i>4, 6, 8, 0</i> (<span title=" ⠙ (braille pattern dots-145) U+2819" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠙</span><span title=" ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠋</span><span title=" ⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) U+2813" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠓</span><span title=" ⠚ (braille pattern dots-245) U+281A" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠚</span>), are corners/right angles.)</p>
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+ <p>The next ten letters, <i>k–t,</i> are identical to <i>a–j,</i> respectively, apart from the addition of a dot at position 3 (red dots in the table): <span title=" ⠅ (braille pattern dots-13) U+2805" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠅</span><span title=" ⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) U+2807" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠇</span><span title=" ⠍ (braille pattern dots-134) U+280D" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠍</span><span title=" ⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345) U+281D" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠝</span><span title=" ⠕ (braille pattern dots-135) U+2815" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠕</span><span title=" ⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234) U+280F" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠏</span><span title=" ⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345) U+281F" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠟</span><span title=" ⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235) U+2817" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠗</span><span title=" ⠎ (braille pattern dots-234) U+280E" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠎</span><span title=" ⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345) U+281E" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠞</span>:</p>
244
+ <table class="wikitable">
245
+ <caption>Derivation (colored dots) of the 26 letters of the alphabet from the 10 numeric digits (black dots)</caption>
246
+ <tbody><tr align="center">
247
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_A1.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille A1.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_A1.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/60px-Braille_A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/80px-Braille_A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
248
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_B2.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille B2.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_B2.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Braille_B2.svg/60px-Braille_B2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Braille_B2.svg/80px-Braille_B2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
249
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_C3.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille C3.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_C3.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/60px-Braille_C3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/80px-Braille_C3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
250
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_D4.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille D4.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_D4.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_D4.svg/60px-Braille_D4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_D4.svg/80px-Braille_D4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
251
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_E5.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille E5.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_E5.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Braille_E5.svg/60px-Braille_E5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Braille_E5.svg/80px-Braille_E5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
252
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_F6.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille F6.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_F6.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/60px-Braille_F6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/80px-Braille_F6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
253
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_G7.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille G7.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_G7.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/60px-Braille_G7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/80px-Braille_G7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
254
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_H8.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille H8.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_H8.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_H8.svg/60px-Braille_H8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_H8.svg/80px-Braille_H8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
255
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_I9.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille I9.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_I9.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/60px-Braille_I9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/80px-Braille_I9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
256
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_J0.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille J0.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_J0.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/60px-Braille_J0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/80px-Braille_J0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
257
+ </tr>
258
+ <tr align="center">
259
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A">a</a>/<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="1 (number)">1</a></td>
260
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B" title="B">b</a>/<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="2 (number)">2</a></td>
261
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="C">c</a>/<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="3 (number)">3</a></td>
262
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D" title="D">d</a>/<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="4 (number)">4</a></td>
263
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E" title="E">e</a>/<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="5 (number)">5</a></td>
264
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F">f</a>/<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="6 (number)">6</a></td>
265
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G">g</a>/<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="7 (number)">7</a></td>
266
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H" title="H">h</a>/<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="8 (number)">8</a></td>
267
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I" title="I">i</a>/<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="9 (number)">9</a></td>
268
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J" title="J">j</a>/<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="0 (number)">0</a></td>
269
+ </tr>
270
+ <tr align="center">
271
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_K_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille K colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_K_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Braille_K_colored.svg/60px-Braille_K_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Braille_K_colored.svg/80px-Braille_K_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
272
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_L_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille L colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_L_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Braille_L_colored.svg/60px-Braille_L_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Braille_L_colored.svg/80px-Braille_L_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
273
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_M_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille M colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_M_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Braille_M_colored.svg/60px-Braille_M_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Braille_M_colored.svg/80px-Braille_M_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
274
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_N_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille N colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_N_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Braille_N_colored.svg/60px-Braille_N_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Braille_N_colored.svg/80px-Braille_N_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
275
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_O_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille O colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_O_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Braille_O_colored.svg/60px-Braille_O_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Braille_O_colored.svg/80px-Braille_O_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
276
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_P_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille P colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_P_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Braille_P_colored.svg/60px-Braille_P_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Braille_P_colored.svg/80px-Braille_P_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
277
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Q_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Q colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Q_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Braille_Q_colored.svg/60px-Braille_Q_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Braille_Q_colored.svg/80px-Braille_Q_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
278
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_R_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille R colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_R_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Braille_R_colored.svg/60px-Braille_R_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Braille_R_colored.svg/80px-Braille_R_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
279
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_S_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille S colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_S_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Braille_S_colored.svg/60px-Braille_S_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Braille_S_colored.svg/80px-Braille_S_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
280
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_T_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille T colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_T_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Braille_T_colored.svg/60px-Braille_T_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Braille_T_colored.svg/80px-Braille_T_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
281
+ </tr>
282
+ <tr align="center">
283
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K" title="K">k</a></td>
284
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L" title="L">l</a></td>
285
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M" title="M">m</a></td>
286
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N" title="N">n</a></td>
287
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O" title="O">o</a></td>
288
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P" title="P">p</a></td>
289
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q" title="Q">q</a></td>
290
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R">r</a></td>
291
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S">s</a></td>
292
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T" title="T">t</a></td>
293
+ </tr>
294
+ <tr align="center">
295
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_U_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille U colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_U_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Braille_U_colored.svg/60px-Braille_U_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Braille_U_colored.svg/80px-Braille_U_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
296
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_V_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille V colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_V_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Braille_V_colored.svg/60px-Braille_V_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Braille_V_colored.svg/80px-Braille_V_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
297
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_X_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille X colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_X_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Braille_X_colored.svg/60px-Braille_X_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Braille_X_colored.svg/80px-Braille_X_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
298
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Y_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Y colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Y_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Braille_Y_colored.svg/60px-Braille_Y_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Braille_Y_colored.svg/80px-Braille_Y_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
299
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Z_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Z colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Z_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Braille_Z_colored.svg/60px-Braille_Z_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Braille_Z_colored.svg/80px-Braille_Z_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
300
+ <td rowspan="2" colspan="4"></td>
301
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_W_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille W colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_W_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Braille_W_colored.svg/60px-Braille_W_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Braille_W_colored.svg/80px-Braille_W_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
302
+ </tr>
303
+ <tr align="center">
304
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U" title="U">u</a></td>
305
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V" title="V">v</a></td>
306
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X" title="X">x</a></td>
307
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y" title="Y">y</a></td>
308
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a></td>
309
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W">w</a></td>
310
+ </tr>
311
+ </tbody></table>
312
+ <p>The next ten letters (the next "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/decade#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:decade">decade</a>") are the same again, but with dots also at positions both 3 and 6 (green dots). Here <i>w</i> was left out as not being a part of the official French alphabet at the time of Braille's life; the French braille order is <i>u v x y z ç é à è ù</i> (<span title=" ⠥ (braille pattern dots-136) U+2825" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠥</span><span title=" ⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236) U+2827" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠧</span><span title=" ⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346) U+282D" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠭</span><span title=" ⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456) U+283D" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠽</span><span title=" ⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356) U+2835" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠵</span><span title=" ⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346) U+282F" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠯</span><span title=" ⠿ (braille pattern dots-123456) U+283F" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠿</span><span title=" ⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356) U+2837" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠷</span><span title=" ⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346) U+282E" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠮</span><span title=" ⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456) U+283E" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠾</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup></p>
313
+ <p>The next ten, ending in <i>w</i>, are the same again, except that for this series position 6 (purple dot) is used without position 3. These are <i>â ê î ô û ë ï ü ö w</i> (<span title=" ⠡ (braille pattern dots-16) U+2821" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠡</span><span title=" ⠣ (braille pattern dots-126) U+2823" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠣</span><span title=" ⠩ (braille pattern dots-146) U+2829" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠩</span><span title=" ⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456) U+2839" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠹</span><span title=" ⠱ (braille pattern dots-156) U+2831" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠱</span><span title=" ⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246) U+282B" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠫</span><span title=" ⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456) U+283B" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠻</span><span title=" ⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256) U+2833" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠳</span><span title=" ⠪ (braille pattern dots-246) U+282A" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠪</span><span title=" ⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456) U+283A" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠺</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup></p>
314
+ <p>The <i>a–j</i> series lowered by one dot space (<span title=" ⠂ (braille pattern dots-2) U+2802" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠂</span><span title=" ⠆ (braille pattern dots-23) U+2806" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠆</span><span title=" ⠒ (braille pattern dots-25) U+2812" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠒</span><span title=" ⠲ (braille pattern dots-256) U+2832" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠲</span><span title=" ⠢ (braille pattern dots-26) U+2822" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠢</span><span title=" ⠖ (braille pattern dots-235) U+2816" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠖</span><span title=" ⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356) U+2836" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠶</span><span title=" ⠦ (braille pattern dots-236) U+2826" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠦</span><span title=" ⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) U+2814" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠔</span><span title=" ⠴ (braille pattern dots-356) U+2834" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠴</span>) are used for punctuation. Letters <i>a</i> <span title=" ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠁</span> and <i>c</i> <span title=" ⠉ (braille pattern dots-14) U+2809" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠉</span>, which only use dots in the top row, were lowered two places for the apostrophe and hyphen: <span title=" ⠄ (braille pattern dots-3) U+2804" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠄</span><span title=" ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36) U+2824" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠤</span>. (These are the decade diacritics, at left in the table below, of the second and third decade.)</p>
315
+ <p>In addition, there are ten patterns that are based on the first two letters (<span title=" ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠁</span><span title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠃</span>) shifted to the right; these were assigned to non-French letters (<i>ì ä ò</i> <span title=" ⠌ (braille pattern dots-34) U+280C" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠌</span><span title=" ⠜ (braille pattern dots-345) U+281C" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠜</span><span title=" ⠬ (braille pattern dots-346) U+282C" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠬</span>), or serve non-letter functions: <span title=" ⠈ (braille pattern dots-4) U+2808" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠈</span> (superscript; in English the accent mark), <span title=" ⠘ (braille pattern dots-45) U+2818" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠘</span> (currency prefix), <span title=" ⠨ (braille pattern dots-46) U+2828" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠨</span> (capital, in English the decimal point), <span title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠼</span> (number sign), <span title=" ⠸ (braille pattern dots-456) U+2838" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠸</span> (emphasis mark), <span title=" ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) U+2810" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠐</span> (symbol prefix).</p>
316
+ <dl>
317
+ <dd>
318
+ <table class="wikitable">
319
+ <caption>The 64 braille cells<span id="upper-half_cells"></span><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-11">[a]</a></sup></caption>
320
+ <tbody><tr>
321
+ <th colspan="2">decade</th>
322
+ <th rowspan="6">&nbsp;&nbsp;</th>
323
+ <th colspan="10">numeric sequence</th>
324
+ <th rowspan="6">&nbsp;&nbsp;</th>
325
+ <th colspan="2">shift right</th>
326
+ </tr>
327
+ <tr align="center">
328
+ <th>1st</th>
329
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_NULL.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille NULL.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_NULL.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Braille_NULL.svg/60px-Braille_NULL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Braille_NULL.svg/80px-Braille_NULL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
330
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_A1.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille A1.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_A1.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/60px-Braille_A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/80px-Braille_A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
331
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_B2.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille B2.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_B2.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Braille_B2.svg/60px-Braille_B2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Braille_B2.svg/80px-Braille_B2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
332
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_C3.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille C3.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_C3.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/60px-Braille_C3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/80px-Braille_C3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
333
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_D4.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille D4.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_D4.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_D4.svg/60px-Braille_D4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_D4.svg/80px-Braille_D4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
334
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_E5.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille E5.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_E5.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Braille_E5.svg/60px-Braille_E5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Braille_E5.svg/80px-Braille_E5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
335
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_F6.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille F6.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_F6.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/60px-Braille_F6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/80px-Braille_F6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
336
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_G7.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille G7.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_G7.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/60px-Braille_G7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/80px-Braille_G7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
337
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_H8.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille H8.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_H8.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_H8.svg/60px-Braille_H8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_H8.svg/80px-Braille_H8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
338
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_I9.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille I9.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_I9.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/60px-Braille_I9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/80px-Braille_I9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
339
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_J0.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille J0.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_J0.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/60px-Braille_J0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/80px-Braille_J0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
340
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Accent.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Accent.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Accent.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Braille_Accent.svg/60px-Braille_Accent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Braille_Accent.svg/80px-Braille_Accent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
341
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Currency.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Currency.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Currency.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Braille_Currency.svg/60px-Braille_Currency.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Braille_Currency.svg/80px-Braille_Currency.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
342
+ </tr>
343
+ <tr align="center">
344
+ <th>2nd</th>
345
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Apostrophe_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Apostrophe colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Apostrophe_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Braille_Apostrophe_colored.svg/60px-Braille_Apostrophe_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Braille_Apostrophe_colored.svg/80px-Braille_Apostrophe_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
346
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_K_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille K colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_K_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Braille_K_colored.svg/60px-Braille_K_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Braille_K_colored.svg/80px-Braille_K_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
347
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_L_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille L colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_L_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Braille_L_colored.svg/60px-Braille_L_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Braille_L_colored.svg/80px-Braille_L_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
348
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_M_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille M colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_M_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Braille_M_colored.svg/60px-Braille_M_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Braille_M_colored.svg/80px-Braille_M_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
349
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_N_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille N colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_N_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Braille_N_colored.svg/60px-Braille_N_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Braille_N_colored.svg/80px-Braille_N_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
350
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_O_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille O colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_O_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Braille_O_colored.svg/60px-Braille_O_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Braille_O_colored.svg/80px-Braille_O_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
351
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_P_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille P colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_P_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Braille_P_colored.svg/60px-Braille_P_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Braille_P_colored.svg/80px-Braille_P_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
352
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Q_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Q colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Q_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Braille_Q_colored.svg/60px-Braille_Q_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Braille_Q_colored.svg/80px-Braille_Q_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
353
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_R_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille R colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_R_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Braille_R_colored.svg/60px-Braille_R_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Braille_R_colored.svg/80px-Braille_R_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
354
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_S_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille S colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_S_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Braille_S_colored.svg/60px-Braille_S_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Braille_S_colored.svg/80px-Braille_S_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
355
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_T_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille T colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_T_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Braille_T_colored.svg/60px-Braille_T_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Braille_T_colored.svg/80px-Braille_T_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
356
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_ST_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille ST colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_ST_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Braille_ST_colored.svg/60px-Braille_ST_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Braille_ST_colored.svg/80px-Braille_ST_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
357
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%84_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Ä colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Ä_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Braille_%C3%84_colored.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%84_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Braille_%C3%84_colored.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%84_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
358
+ </tr>
359
+ <tr align="center">
360
+ <th>3rd</th>
361
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Hyphen_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Hyphen colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Hyphen_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Braille_Hyphen_colored.svg/60px-Braille_Hyphen_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Braille_Hyphen_colored.svg/80px-Braille_Hyphen_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
362
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_U_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille U colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_U_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Braille_U_colored.svg/60px-Braille_U_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Braille_U_colored.svg/80px-Braille_U_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
363
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_V_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille V colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_V_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Braille_V_colored.svg/60px-Braille_V_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Braille_V_colored.svg/80px-Braille_V_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
364
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_X_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille X colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_X_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Braille_X_colored.svg/60px-Braille_X_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Braille_X_colored.svg/80px-Braille_X_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
365
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Y_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Y colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Y_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Braille_Y_colored.svg/60px-Braille_Y_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Braille_Y_colored.svg/80px-Braille_Y_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
366
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Z_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Z colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Z_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Braille_Z_colored.svg/60px-Braille_Z_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Braille_Z_colored.svg/80px-Braille_Z_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
367
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%87_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Ç colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Ç_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Braille_%C3%87_colored.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%87_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Braille_%C3%87_colored.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%87_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
368
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%89_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille É colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_É_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Braille_%C3%89_colored.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%89_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Braille_%C3%89_colored.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%89_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
369
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%80_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille À colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_À_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Braille_%C3%80_colored.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%80_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Braille_%C3%80_colored.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%80_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
370
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%88_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille È colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_È_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Braille_%C3%88_colored.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%88_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Braille_%C3%88_colored.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%88_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
371
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%99_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Ù colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Ù_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Braille_%C3%99_colored.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%99_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Braille_%C3%99_colored.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%99_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
372
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%92_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Ò colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Ò_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%92_colored.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%92_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%92_colored.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%92_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
373
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Number_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Number colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Number_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Braille_Number_colored.svg/60px-Braille_Number_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Braille_Number_colored.svg/80px-Braille_Number_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
374
+ </tr>
375
+ <tr align="center">
376
+ <th>4th</th>
377
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Capital_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Capital colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Capital_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Braille_Capital_colored.svg/60px-Braille_Capital_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Braille_Capital_colored.svg/80px-Braille_Capital_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
378
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%82_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille  colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Â_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Braille_%C3%82_colored.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%82_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Braille_%C3%82_colored.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%82_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
379
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8A_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Ê colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Ê_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Braille_%C3%8A_colored.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8A_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Braille_%C3%8A_colored.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8A_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
380
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8E_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Î colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Î_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Braille_%C3%8E_colored.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8E_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Braille_%C3%8E_colored.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8E_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
381
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%94_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Ô colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Ô_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Braille_%C3%94_colored.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%94_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Braille_%C3%94_colored.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%94_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
382
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%9B_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Û colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Û_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Braille_%C3%9B_colored.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%9B_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Braille_%C3%9B_colored.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%9B_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
383
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8B_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Ë colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Ë_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Braille_%C3%8B_colored.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8B_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Braille_%C3%8B_colored.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8B_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
384
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8F_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Ï colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Ï_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Braille_%C3%8F_colored.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8F_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Braille_%C3%8F_colored.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8F_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
385
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%9C_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Ü colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Ü_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Braille_%C3%9C_colored.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%9C_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Braille_%C3%9C_colored.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%9C_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
386
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%96_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Ö colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Ö_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Braille_%C3%96_colored.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%96_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Braille_%C3%96_colored.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%96_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
387
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_W_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille W colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_W_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Braille_W_colored.svg/60px-Braille_W_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Braille_W_colored.svg/80px-Braille_W_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
388
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Decimal_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Decimal colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Decimal_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_Decimal_colored.svg/60px-Braille_Decimal_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_Decimal_colored.svg/80px-Braille_Decimal_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
389
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Cursive_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Cursive colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Cursive_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Braille_Cursive_colored.svg/60px-Braille_Cursive_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Braille_Cursive_colored.svg/80px-Braille_Cursive_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
390
+ </tr>
391
+ <tr align="center">
392
+ <th>5th</th>
393
+ <th><span style="color:#006060">shift<br>
394
+ down</span></th>
395
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Comma_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Comma colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Comma_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Braille_Comma_colored.svg/60px-Braille_Comma_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Braille_Comma_colored.svg/80px-Braille_Comma_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
396
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Semicolon_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Semicolon colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Semicolon_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Braille_Semicolon_colored.svg/60px-Braille_Semicolon_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Braille_Semicolon_colored.svg/80px-Braille_Semicolon_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
397
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Colon_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Colon colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Colon_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Braille_Colon_colored.svg/60px-Braille_Colon_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Braille_Colon_colored.svg/80px-Braille_Colon_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
398
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Period_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Period colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Period_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Braille_Period_colored.svg/60px-Braille_Period_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Braille_Period_colored.svg/80px-Braille_Period_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
399
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_QuestionMark_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille QuestionMark colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_QuestionMark_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Braille_QuestionMark_colored.svg/60px-Braille_QuestionMark_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Braille_QuestionMark_colored.svg/80px-Braille_QuestionMark_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
400
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_ExclamationPoint_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille ExclamationPoint colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_ExclamationPoint_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Braille_ExclamationPoint_colored.svg/60px-Braille_ExclamationPoint_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Braille_ExclamationPoint_colored.svg/80px-Braille_ExclamationPoint_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
401
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Bracket_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Bracket colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Bracket_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Braille_Bracket_colored.svg/60px-Braille_Bracket_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Braille_Bracket_colored.svg/80px-Braille_Bracket_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
402
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_QuoteOpen_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille QuoteOpen colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_QuoteOpen_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_QuoteOpen_colored.svg/60px-Braille_QuoteOpen_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_QuoteOpen_colored.svg/80px-Braille_QuoteOpen_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
403
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Asterisk_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Asterisk colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Asterisk_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Braille_Asterisk_colored.svg/60px-Braille_Asterisk_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Braille_Asterisk_colored.svg/80px-Braille_Asterisk_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
404
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_QuoteClose_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille QuoteClose colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_QuoteClose_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Braille_QuoteClose_colored.svg/60px-Braille_QuoteClose_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Braille_QuoteClose_colored.svg/80px-Braille_QuoteClose_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
405
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_ContractionPrefix_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille ContractionPrefix colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_ContractionPrefix_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_ContractionPrefix_colored.svg/60px-Braille_ContractionPrefix_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_ContractionPrefix_colored.svg/80px-Braille_ContractionPrefix_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
406
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Correction_colored.svg" class="image"><img alt="Braille Correction colored.svg" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Correction_colored.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Braille_Correction_colored.svg/60px-Braille_Correction_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Braille_Correction_colored.svg/80px-Braille_Correction_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
407
+ </tr>
408
+ </tbody></table>
409
+ </dd>
410
+ </dl>
411
+ <p>Originally there had been nine decades. The fifth through ninth used dashes as well as dots, but proved to be impractical and were soon abandoned. These could be replaced with what we now know as the number sign (<span title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠼</span>), though that only caught on for the digits (old 5th decade → modern 1st decade). The dash occupying the top row of the original sixth decade was simply dropped, producing the modern fifth decade. (See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a>.)</p>
412
+ <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Assignment">Assignment</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Assignment">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
413
+ <p>Historically, there have been three principles in assigning the values of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Linear writing">linear script</a> (print) to braille: Using Louis Braille's original French letter values; reassigning the braille letters according to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sort_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Sort order">sort order</a> of the print alphabet being transcribed; and reassigning the letters to improve the efficiency of writing in braille.</p>
414
+ <p>Under international consensus, most braille alphabets follow the French sorting order for the 26 letters of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">basic Latin alphabet</a>, and there have been attempts at unifying the letters beyond these 26 (see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_braille" class="mw-redirect" title="International braille">international braille</a>), though differences remain, for example in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German Braille</a> and the contractions of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English Braille</a>. This unification avoids the chaos of each nation reordering the braille code to match the sorting order of its print alphabet, as happened in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a>, where braille codes were numerically reassigned to match the order of the Arabic alphabet and bear little relation to the values used in other countries (compare modern <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic Braille</a>, which uses the French sorting order), and as happened in an early American version of English Braille, where the letters <i>w, x, y, z</i> were reassigned to match English alphabetical order. A convention sometimes seen for letters beyond the basic 26 is to exploit the physical symmetry of braille patterns iconically, for example, by assigning a reversed <i>n</i> to <i>ñ</i> or an inverted <i>s</i> to <i>sh</i>. (See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian Braille</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a>, which do this to some extent.)</p>
415
+ <p>A third principle was to assign braille codes according to frequency, with the simplest patterns (quickest ones to write) assigned to the most frequent letters of the alphabet. Such frequency-based alphabets were used in Germany and the United States in the 19th century (see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a>), but none are attested in modern use. Finally, there are braille scripts which don't order the codes numerically at all, such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean Braille</a>, which are based on more abstract principles of syllable composition.</p>
416
+ <p>Academic texts are sometimes written in a script of eight dots per cell rather than six, enabling them to encode a greater number of symbols. (See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a>.) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish Braille</a> has adopted eight-dot cells for general use; for example, it adds a dot below each letter to derive its capital variant.</p>
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+ <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Form">Form</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Form">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
418
+ <div class="thumb tright">
419
+ <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alianca_braille.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/220px-Alianca_braille.JPG" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Alianca_braille.JPG/330px-Alianca_braille.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Alianca_braille.JPG/440px-Alianca_braille.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960"></a>
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+ <div class="thumbcaption">
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+ <div class="magnify"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alianca_braille.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
422
+ Silver wedding bands with names <i>Henri(que)</i> and <i>Tita</i> written in braille</div>
423
+ </div>
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+ </div>
425
+ <p>Braille was the first writing system with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_numeral_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary numeral system">binary</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">encoding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-digital_6-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-digital-6">[6]</a></sup> The system as devised by Braille consists of two parts:<sup id="cite_ref-D.26B_7-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-D.26B-7">[7]</a></sup></p>
426
+ <ol>
427
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">Character encoding</a> that mapped characters of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="French alphabet">French alphabet</a> to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuple" title="Tuple">tuples</a> of six <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bits</a> (the dots),</li>
428
+ <li>The physical representation of those six-bit characters with raised dots in a braille cell.</li>
429
+ </ol>
430
+ <p>Within an individual cell, the dot positions are arranged as two columns of three positions. A raised dot can appear in any of the six positions, producing sixty-four (2<sup>6</sup>) possible patterns, including one in which there are no raised dots. For reference purposes, a pattern is commonly described by listing the positions where dots are raised, the positions being universally numbered, from top to bottom, as 1 to 3 on the left and 4 to 6 on the right. For example, dot pattern 1-3-4 describe a cell with three dots raised, at the top and bottom in the left column and at the top of the right column: that is, the letter <span title=" ⠍ (braille pattern dots-134) U+280D" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠍</span> <i>m</i>. The lines of horizontal braille text are separated by a space, much like visible printed text, so that the dots of one line can be differentiated from the braille text above and below. Different assignments of braille codes (or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page" title="Code page">code pages</a>) are used to map the character sets of different printed scripts to the six-bit cells. Braille assignments have also been created for mathematical and musical notation. However, because the six-dot braille cell allows only 64 (2<sup>6</sup>) patterns, including the space, the characters of a braille script commonly have multiple values, depending on their context. That is, character mapping between print and braille is not one-to-one. For example, the character <span title=" ⠙ (braille pattern dots-145) U+2819" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠙</span> corresponds in print to both the letter <i>d</i> and the digit <i>4</i>.</p>
431
+ <p>In addition to simple encoding, many braille alphabets use contractions to reduce the size of braille texts and to increase reading speed. (See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Braille#Contractions" title="English Braille">Contracted braille</a>)</p>
432
+ <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Writing_braille">Writing braille</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Writing braille">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
433
+ <div class="thumb tright">
434
+ <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Writer.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/220px-Braille_Writer.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Braille_Writer.jpg/330px-Braille_Writer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Braille_Writer.jpg/440px-Braille_Writer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"></a>
435
+ <div class="thumbcaption">
436
+ <div class="magnify"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Writer.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
437
+ Braille typewriter</div>
438
+ </div>
439
+ </div>
440
+ <p>Braille may be produced by hand using a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">slate and stylus</a> in which each dot is created from the back of the page, writing in mirror image, or it may be produced on a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_typewriter" class="mw-redirect" title="Braille typewriter">braille typewriter</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a>, or an electronic Brailler or eBrailler. Because braille letters cannot be effectively erased and written over if an error is made, an error is overwritten with all six dots (<span title=" ⠿ (braille pattern dots-123456) U+283F" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠿</span>). <i>Interpoint</i> refers to braille printing that is offset, so that the paper can be embossed on both sides, with the dots on one side appearing between the divots that form the dots on the other (see the photo in the box at the top of this article for an example). Using a computer or other electronic device, braille may be produced with a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">braille embosser</a> (printer) or a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">refreshable braille display</a> (screen).</p>
441
+ <p><span id="Eight-dot_braille"></span>Braille has been extended to an 8-dot code, particularly for use with braille embossers and refreshable braille displays. In 8-dot braille the additional dots are added at the bottom of the cell, giving a matrix 4 dots high by 2 dots wide. The additional dots are given the numbers 7 (for the lower-left dot) and 8 (for the lower-right dot). Eight-dot braille has the advantages that the case of an individual letter is directly coded in the cell containing the letter and that all the printable <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> characters can be represented in a single cell. All 256 (2<sup>8</sup>) possible combinations of 8 dots are encoded by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> standard. Braille with six dots is frequently stored as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">Braille ASCII</a>.</p>
442
+ <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Letters">Letters</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Letters">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
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+ <p>The first 25 braille letters, up through the first half of the 3rd decade, transcribe <i>a–z</i> (skipping <i>w</i>). In English Braille, the rest of that decade is rounded out with the ligatures <i>and, for, of, the,</i> and <i>with</i>. Omitting dot 3 from these forms the 4th decade, the ligatures <i>ch, gh, sh, th, wh, ed, er, ou, ow</i> and the letter <i>w</i>.</p>
444
+ <table class="wikitable">
445
+ <tbody><tr align="center">
446
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%85.svg" class="image" title=" ⠡ (braille pattern dots-16) U+2821"><img alt="⠡ (braille pattern dots-16) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Å.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Braille_%C3%85.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%85.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Braille_%C3%85.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%85.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
447
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_SH.svg" class="image" title=" ⠩ (braille pattern dots-146) U+2829"><img alt="⠩ (braille pattern dots-146) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_SH.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Braille_SH.svg/60px-Braille_SH.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Braille_SH.svg/80px-Braille_SH.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
448
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%94.svg" class="image" title=" ⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456) U+2839"><img alt="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Ô.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
449
+ </tr>
450
+ <tr align="center">
451
+ <td>ch</td>
452
+ <td>sh</td>
453
+ <td>th</td>
454
+ </tr>
455
+ </tbody></table>
456
+ <p>(See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English Braille</a>.)</p>
457
+ <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Formatting">Formatting</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Formatting">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
458
+ <p>Various formatting marks affect the values of the letters that follow them. They have no direct equivalent in print. The most important in English Braille are:</p>
459
+ <table class="wikitable">
460
+ <tbody><tr align="center">
461
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_CapitalSign.svg" class="image" title=" ⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) U+2820"><img alt="⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_CapitalSign.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_CapitalSign.svg/60px-Braille_CapitalSign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_CapitalSign.svg/80px-Braille_CapitalSign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
462
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_NumberSign.svg" class="image" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C"><img alt="⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_NumberSign.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Braille_NumberSign.svg/60px-Braille_NumberSign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Braille_NumberSign.svg/80px-Braille_NumberSign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
463
+ </tr>
464
+ <tr align="center">
465
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_letter" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital letter">Capital</a><br>
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+ follows</td>
467
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number" title="Number">Number</a><br>
468
+ follows</td>
469
+ </tr>
470
+ </tbody></table>
471
+ <p>That is, <span title=" ⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) U+2820" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠠</span><span title=" ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠁</span> is read as capital 'A', and <span title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠼</span><span title=" ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠁</span> as the digit '1'.</p>
472
+ <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Punctuation">Punctuation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Punctuation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
473
+ <p>Basic punctuation marks in English Braille include:</p>
474
+ <table class="wikitable">
475
+ <tbody><tr align="center">
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+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Comma.svg" class="image" title=" ⠂ (braille pattern dots-2) U+2802"><img alt="⠂ (braille pattern dots-2) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Comma.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Braille_Comma.svg/60px-Braille_Comma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Braille_Comma.svg/80px-Braille_Comma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
477
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Semicolon.svg" class="image" title=" ⠆ (braille pattern dots-23) U+2806"><img alt="⠆ (braille pattern dots-23) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Semicolon.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_Semicolon.svg/60px-Braille_Semicolon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_Semicolon.svg/80px-Braille_Semicolon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
478
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Apostrophe.svg" class="image" title=" ⠄ (braille pattern dots-3) U+2804"><img alt="⠄ (braille pattern dots-3) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Apostrophe.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Braille_Apostrophe.svg/60px-Braille_Apostrophe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Braille_Apostrophe.svg/80px-Braille_Apostrophe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
479
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Colon.svg" class="image" title=" ⠒ (braille pattern dots-25) U+2812"><img alt="⠒ (braille pattern dots-25) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Colon.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Braille_Colon.svg/60px-Braille_Colon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Braille_Colon.svg/80px-Braille_Colon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
480
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Hyphen.svg" class="image" title=" ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36) U+2824"><img alt="⠤ (braille pattern dots-36) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Hyphen.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Braille_Hyphen.svg/60px-Braille_Hyphen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Braille_Hyphen.svg/80px-Braille_Hyphen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
481
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_DecimalPoint.svg" class="image" title=" ⠨ (braille pattern dots-46) U+2828"><img alt="⠨ (braille pattern dots-46) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_DecimalPoint.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Braille_DecimalPoint.svg/60px-Braille_DecimalPoint.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Braille_DecimalPoint.svg/80px-Braille_DecimalPoint.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
482
+ </tr>
483
+ <tr align="center">
484
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">Comma</a></td>
485
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semicolon" title="Semicolon">Semicolon</a></td>
486
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">Apostrophe</a></td>
487
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">Colon</a></td>
488
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">Hyphen</a></td>
489
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimal point">Decimal point</a></td>
490
+ </tr>
491
+ <tr align="center">
492
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Period.svg" class="image" title=" ⠲ (braille pattern dots-256) U+2832"><img alt="⠲ (braille pattern dots-256) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Period.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Braille_Period.svg/60px-Braille_Period.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Braille_Period.svg/80px-Braille_Period.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
493
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg" class="image" title=" ⠖ (braille pattern dots-235) U+2816"><img alt="⠖ (braille pattern dots-235) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg/60px-Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg/80px-Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
494
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_QuoteOpen.svg" class="image" title=" ⠦ (braille pattern dots-236) U+2826"><img alt="⠦ (braille pattern dots-236) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_QuoteOpen.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Braille_QuoteOpen.svg/60px-Braille_QuoteOpen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Braille_QuoteOpen.svg/80px-Braille_QuoteOpen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
495
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_QuoteClose.svg" class="image" title=" ⠴ (braille pattern dots-356) U+2834"><img alt="⠴ (braille pattern dots-356) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_QuoteClose.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Braille_QuoteClose.svg/60px-Braille_QuoteClose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Braille_QuoteClose.svg/80px-Braille_QuoteClose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
496
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Bracket.svg" class="image" title=" ⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356) U+2836"><img alt="⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_Bracket.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_Bracket.svg/60px-Braille_Bracket.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_Bracket.svg/80px-Braille_Bracket.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
497
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_ST.svg" class="image" title=" ⠌ (braille pattern dots-34) U+280C"><img alt="⠌ (braille pattern dots-34) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_ST.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Braille_ST.svg/60px-Braille_ST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Braille_ST.svg/80px-Braille_ST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
498
+ </tr>
499
+ <tr align="center">
500
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">Full stop<br>
501
+ (Period)</a></td>
502
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclamation_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclamation point">Exclamation<br>
503
+ point</a></td>
504
+ <td>Open <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotation_mark" title="Quotation mark">quote</a>,<br>
505
+ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Question_mark" title="Question mark">question mark</a></td>
506
+ <td>Close<br>
507
+ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotation_mark" title="Quotation mark">quote</a></td>
508
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracket" title="Bracket">Bracket<br>
509
+ (Parentheses)</a></td>
510
+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)" title="Slash (punctuation)">Slash<br>
511
+ (Fraction)</a></td>
512
+ </tr>
513
+ </tbody></table>
514
+ <p><span title=" ⠦ (braille pattern dots-236) U+2826" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠦</span> is both the question mark and the opening quotation mark. Its reading depends on whether it occurs before a word or after.</p>
515
+ <p><span title=" ⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356) U+2836" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠶</span> is used for both opening and closing parentheses. Its placement relative to spaces and other characters determines its interpretation.</p>
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+ <p>Punctuation varies from language to language. For example, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French Braille</a> uses <span title=" ⠢ (braille pattern dots-26) U+2822" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠢</span> for its question mark and swaps the quotation marks and parentheses (to <span title=" ⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356) U+2836" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠶</span> and <span title=" ⠦ (braille pattern dots-236) U+2826" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠦</span><span title=" ⠴ (braille pattern dots-356) U+2834" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠴</span>); it uses the period (<span title=" ⠲ (braille pattern dots-256) U+2832" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠲</span>) for the decimal point, as in print, and the decimal point (<span title=" ⠨ (braille pattern dots-46) U+2828" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠨</span>) to mark capitalization.</p>
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+ <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Contractions">Contractions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Contractions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
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+ <div role="note" class="hatnote">For a full list of abbreviations and contractions in English, see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Braille#Contractions" title="English Braille">English Braille §&nbsp;Contractions</a>.</div>
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+ <p>Braille contractions are words and affixes that are shortened so that they take up fewer cells. In English Braille, for example, the word <i>afternoon</i> is written with just three letters, <span title=" ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠁</span><span title=" ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠋</span><span title=" ⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345) U+281D" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠝</span> ⟨afn⟩, much like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenoscript" title="Stenoscript">stenoscript</a>. There are also several abbreviation marks that create what are effectively <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">logograms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-D.26B_7-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-D.26B-7">[7]</a></sup> The most common of these is dot 5, which combines with the first letter of words. With the letter <span title=" ⠍ (braille pattern dots-134) U+280D" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠍</span> <i>m</i>, the resulting word is <span title=" ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) U+2810" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠐</span><span title=" ⠍ (braille pattern dots-134) U+280D" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠍</span> <i>mother</i>. There are also <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligature_(typography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligature (typography)">ligatures</a> ("contracted" letters), which are single letters in braille but correspond to more than one letter in print. The letter <span title=" ⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346) U+282F" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠯</span> <i>and</i>, for example, is used to write words with the sequence <i>a-n-d</i> in them, such as <span title=" ⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) U+2813" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠓</span><span title=" ⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346) U+282F" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠯</span> <i>hand</i>.</p>
520
+ <table class="wikitable">
521
+ <tbody><tr>
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+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_A1.svg" class="image" title=" ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801"><img alt="⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_A1.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/60px-Braille_A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/80px-Braille_A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_F6.svg" class="image" title=" ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B"><img alt="⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_F6.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/60px-Braille_F6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/80px-Braille_F6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_N.svg" class="image" title=" ⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345) U+281D"><img alt="⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_N.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/60px-Braille_N.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/80px-Braille_N.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
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+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_ContractionPrefix.svg" class="image" title=" ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) U+2810"><img alt="⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_ContractionPrefix.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Braille_ContractionPrefix.svg/60px-Braille_ContractionPrefix.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Braille_ContractionPrefix.svg/80px-Braille_ContractionPrefix.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_M.svg" class="image" title=" ⠍ (braille pattern dots-134) U+280D"><img alt="⠍ (braille pattern dots-134) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_M.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_M.svg/60px-Braille_M.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_M.svg/80px-Braille_M.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
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+ <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_H8.svg" class="image" title=" ⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) U+2813"><img alt="⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_H8.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_H8.svg/60px-Braille_H8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_H8.svg/80px-Braille_H8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_AND.svg" class="image" title=" ⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346) U+282F"><img alt="⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346) " src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/40px-Braille_AND.svg.png" width="40" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Braille_AND.svg/60px-Braille_AND.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Braille_AND.svg/80px-Braille_AND.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td>
525
+ </tr>
526
+ <tr>
527
+ <td><i>afternoon<br>
528
+ (a-f-n)</i></td>
529
+ <td><i>mother<br>
530
+ (dot 5-m)</i></td>
531
+ <td><i>hand<br>
532
+ (h-and)</i></td>
533
+ </tr>
534
+ </tbody></table>
535
+ <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Page_dimensions">Page dimensions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Page dimensions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
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+ <p>Most <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">braille embossers</a> support between 34 and 40 cells per line, and 25 lines per page.</p>
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+ <p>A manually operated Perkins braille typewriter supports a maximum of 42 cells per line (its margins are adjustable), and typical paper allows 25 lines per page.</p>
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+ <p>A large interlining Stainsby has 36 cells per line and 18 lines per page.</p>
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+ <p>An A4-sized Marburg braille frame, which allows interpoint braille (dots on both sides of the page, offset so they do not interfere with each other) has 30 cells per line and 27 lines per page.</p>
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+ <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Literacy">Literacy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Literacy">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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+ <div role="note" class="hatnote">Main article: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></div>
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+ <p>A sighted child who is reading at a basic level should be able to understand common words and answer simple questions about the information presented.<sup id="cite_ref-Grover_12-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-Grover-12">[11]</a></sup> The child should also have enough fluency to get through the material in a timely manner. Over the course of a child's education, these foundations are built upon to teach higher levels of math, science, and comprehension skills.<sup id="cite_ref-Grover_12-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-Grover-12">[11]</a></sup></p>
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+ <p>Children who are blind not only have the education disadvantage of not being able to see — they also miss out on fundamental parts of early and advanced education if not provided with the necessary tools. Children who are blind or visually impaired can begin learning pre-braille skills from a very young age to become fluent braille readers as they get older.</p>
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+ <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="U.S._braille_literacy_statistics">U.S. braille literacy statistics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: U.S. braille literacy statistics">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
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+ <p>In 1960, 50% of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legally_blind" class="mw-redirect" title="Legally blind">legally blind</a>, school-age children were able to read braille in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-13">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ranalli2008_14-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-Ranalli2008-14">[13]</a></sup> According to the 2015 <i>Annual Report</i> from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a>, there were 61,739 legally blind students registered in the U.S. Of these, 8.6% (5,333) were registered as braille readers, 31% (19,109) as visual readers, 9.4% (5,795) as auditory readers, 17% (10,470) as pre-readers, and 34% (21,032) as non-readers.<sup id="cite_ref-Blind2013_15-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-Blind2013-15">[14]</a></sup></p>
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+ <p>There are numerous causes for the decline in braille usage, including school budget constraints, technology advancement, and different philosophical views over how <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Blindness">blind</a> children should be educated.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruby_Riles_16-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-Ruby_Riles-16">[15]</a></sup></p>
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+ <p>A key turning point for braille literacy was the passage of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehabilitation_Act_of_1973" title="Rehabilitation Act of 1973">Rehabilitation Act of 1973</a>, an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_Congress" title="Act of Congress">act of Congress</a> that moved thousands of children from specialized schools for the blind into <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainstreaming_(education)" title="Mainstreaming (education)">mainstream</a> public schools.<sup id="cite_ref-Ranalli2008_14-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-Ranalli2008-14">[13]</a></sup> Because only a small percentage of public schools could afford to train and hire braille-qualified teachers, braille literacy has declined since the law took effect.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (November 2011)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ranalli2008_14-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-Ranalli2008-14">[13]</a></sup> Braille literacy rates have improved slightly since the bill was passed,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (November 2011)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in part because of pressure from consumers and advocacy groups that has led 27 states to pass legislation mandating that children who are legally blind be given the opportunity to learn braille.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruby_Riles_16-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-Ruby_Riles-16">[15]</a></sup></p>
548
+ <p>In 1998 there were 57,425 legally blind students registered in the United States, but only 10% (5,461) of them used braille as their primary reading medium.<sup id="cite_ref-Blind1999_17-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-Blind1999-17">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ebnet2001_18-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-Ebnet2001-18">[17]</a></sup></p>
549
+ <p>Early braille education is crucial to literacy for a blind or low-vision child. A study conducted in the state of Washington found that people who learned braille at an early age did just as well, if not better, than their sighted peers in several areas, including vocabulary and comprehension. In the preliminary adult study, while evaluating the correlation between adult literacy skills and employment, it was found that 44% of the participants who had learned to read in braille were unemployed, compared to the 77% unemployment rate of those who had learned to read using print.<sup id="cite_ref-Ph2004_19-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-Ph2004-19">[18]</a></sup> Currently, among the estimated 85,000 blind adults in the United States, 90% of those who are braille-literate are employed. Among adults who do not know braille, only 33% are employed.<sup id="cite_ref-Ranalli2008_14-3" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-Ranalli2008-14">[13]</a></sup> Statistically, history has proven that braille reading proficiency provides an essential skill set that allows blind or low-vision children to compete with their sighted peers in a school environment and later in life as they enter the workforce.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruby_Riles_16-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-Ruby_Riles-16">[15]</a></sup></p>
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+ <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: United Kingdom">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
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+ <p>Though braille is thought to be the main way blind people read and write, in Britain (for example) out of the reported 2 million blind and low vision population, it is estimated that only around 15–20 thousand people use braille.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-20">[19]</a></sup> Younger people are turning to electronic text on computers with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_reader" title="Screen reader">screen reader</a> software instead, a more portable communication method that they can use with their friends. A debate has started on how to make braille more attractive and for more teachers to be available to teach it.</p>
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+ <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Braille_transcription">Braille transcription</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Braille transcription">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
553
+ <p><span id="keyboard"></span></p>
554
+ <div class="thumb tright">
555
+ <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_on_tablet_box.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/220px-Braille_on_tablet_box.JPG" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Braille_on_tablet_box.JPG/330px-Braille_on_tablet_box.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Braille_on_tablet_box.JPG/440px-Braille_on_tablet_box.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"></a>
556
+ <div class="thumbcaption">
557
+ <div class="magnify"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_on_tablet_box.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
558
+ Braille on a box of tablets. The raised Braille reads 'plavix'.</div>
559
+ </div>
560
+ </div>
561
+ <div class="thumb tright">
562
+ <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_book.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/220px-Braille_book.JPG" width="220" height="153" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Braille_book.JPG/330px-Braille_book.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Braille_book.JPG/440px-Braille_book.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2575" data-file-height="1788"></a>
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+ <div class="thumbcaption">
564
+ <div class="magnify"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_book.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
565
+ Braille book and the same book in standard inkprint</div>
566
+ </div>
567
+ </div>
568
+ <p>Although it is possible to transcribe print by simply substituting the equivalent braille character for its printed equivalent, in English such a character-by-character transcription (known as <i>uncontracted braille</i>) is only used by beginners.</p>
569
+ <p>Braille characters are much larger than their printed equivalents, and the standard 11" by 11.5" (28&nbsp;cm × 30&nbsp;cm) page has room for only 25 lines of 43 characters. To reduce space and increase reading speed, most braille alphabets and orthographies use ligatures, abbreviations, and contractions. Virtually all English Braille books are transcribed in this <i>contracted braille,</i> which adds an additional layer of complexity to English orthography: The Library of Congress's <i>Instruction Manual for Braille Transcribing</i><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-21">[20]</a></sup> runs to over 300 pages and braille transcribers must pass certification tests.</p>
570
+ <p>Fully contracted braille is known as <i>Grade 2 Braille</i>. There is an intermediate form between Computer Braille—one-for-one identity with print—and Grade 2, which is called Grade 1 Braille. In Grade 1 the capital-sign and Number sign are used, and most punctuation marks are shown using their Grade 2 values.</p>
571
+ <p>The system of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraction_(grammar)" title="Contraction (grammar)">contractions</a> in English Braille begins with a set of 23 words which are contracted to single characters. Thus the word <i>but</i> is contracted to the single letter <i>b,</i> <i>can</i> to <i>c</i>, <i>do</i> to <i>d</i>, and so on. Even this simple rule creates issues requiring special cases; for example, <i>d</i> is, specifically, an abbreviation of the verb <i>do;</i> the noun <i>do</i> representing the note of the musical scale is a different word, and must be spelled out.</p>
572
+ <p>Portions of words may be contracted, and many rules govern this process. For example, the character with dots 2-3-5 (the letter "f" lowered in the braille cell) stands for "ff" when used in the middle of a word. At the beginning of a word, this same character stands for the word "to"; the character is written in braille with no space following it. (This contraction was removed in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_English_Braille_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified English Braille Code">Unified English Braille Code</a>.) At the end of a word, the same character represents an exclamation point.</p>
573
+ <p>Some contractions are more similar than their print equivalents. For example, the contraction ⟨lr⟩, meaning 'letter', differs from ⟨ll⟩, meaning 'little', only in adding one dot to the second ⟨l⟩: <span title=" ⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) U+2807" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠇</span><span title=" ⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) U+2807" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠇</span> <i>little</i>, <span title=" ⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) U+2807" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠇</span><span title=" ⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235) U+2817" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠗</span> <i>letter</i>. This causes greater confusion between the braille spellings of these words and can hinder the learning process of contracted braille.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-22">[21]</a></sup></p>
574
+ <p>The contraction rules take into account the linguistic structure of the word; thus, contractions are generally not to be used when their use would alter the usual braille form of a base word to which a prefix or suffix has been added. Some portions of the transcription rules are not fully codified and rely on the judgment of the transcriber. Thus, when the contraction rules permit the same word in more than one way, preference is given to "the contraction that more nearly approximates correct pronunciation."</p>
575
+ <p><i>Grade 3 Braille</i><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-23">[22]</a></sup> is a variety of non-standardized systems that include many additional shorthand-like contraction. They are not used for publication, but by individuals for their personal convenience.</p>
576
+ <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Braille_translation_software">Braille translation software</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Braille translation software">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
577
+ <p>When people produce braille, this is called braille transcription. When computer software produces braille, this is called braille translation. Braille translation software exists to handle most of the common languages of the world, and many technical areas, such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_notation" title="Mathematical notation">mathematical notation</a>), for example <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIMATS" title="WIMATS">WIMATS</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_notation" title="Musical notation">musical notation</a>), and tactile graphics.</p>
578
+ <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Braille-reading_techniques">Braille-reading techniques</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Braille-reading techniques">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
579
+ <p>Since braille is one of the few writing systems where tactile perception is used, as opposed to visual perception, a braille reader must develop new skills. One skill important for braille readers is the ability to create smooth and even pressures when running one's fingers along the words. There are many different styles and techniques used for the understanding and development of braille, even though a study by B. F. Holland<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-24">[23]</a></sup> suggests that there is no specific technique that is superior to any other.</p>
580
+ <p>Another study by Lowenfield &amp; Abel<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-25">[24]</a></sup> shows that braille could be read "the fastest and best... by students who read using the index fingers of both hands." Another important reading skill emphasized in this study is to finish reading the end of a line with the right hand and to find the beginning of the next line with the left hand simultaneously. One final conclusion drawn by both Lowenfield and Abel is that children have difficulty using both hands independently where the right hand is the dominant hand. But this hand preference does not correlate to other activities.</p>
581
+ <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="International_uniformity">International uniformity</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: International uniformity">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
582
+ <div role="note" class="hatnote">Main article: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille" class="mw-redirect" title="International uniformity of braille">International uniformity of braille</a></div>
583
+ <p><span id="Grade_1_braille"></span></p>
584
+ <div class="thumb tright">
585
+ <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rapperswil_-_Duftrosengarten_20080222_005.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/220px-Rapperswil_-_Duftrosengarten_20080222_005.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Rapperswil_-_Duftrosengarten_20080222_005.jpg/330px-Rapperswil_-_Duftrosengarten_20080222_005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Rapperswil_-_Duftrosengarten_20080222_005.jpg/440px-Rapperswil_-_Duftrosengarten_20080222_005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2014" data-file-height="1511"></a>
586
+ <div class="thumbcaption">
587
+ <div class="magnify"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rapperswil_-_Duftrosengarten_20080222_005.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
588
+ Braille plate at <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duftrosengarten" class="mw-redirect" title="Duftrosengarten">Duftrosengarten</a></i> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapperswil" title="Rapperswil">Rapperswil</a>, Switzerland</div>
589
+ </div>
590
+ </div>
591
+ <p>When braille was first adapted to languages other than French, many schemes were adopted, including mapping the native alphabet to the alphabetical order of French – e.g. in English W, which was not in the French alphabet at the time, is mapped to braille X, X to Y, Y to Z, and Z to the first French accented letter – or completely rearranging the alphabet such that common letters are represented by the simplest braille patterns. Consequently, mutual intelligibility was greatly hindered by this state of affairs. In 1878, the International Congress on Work for the Blind, held in Paris, proposed an international braille standard, where braille codes for different languages and scripts would be based, not on the order of a particular alphabet, but on phonetic correspondence and transliteration to Latin.<sup id="cite_ref-IntlBraille_26-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-IntlBraille-26">[25]</a></sup></p>
592
+ <p>This unified braille has been applied to the languages of India and Africa, Arabic, Vietnamese, Hebrew, Russian, and Armenian, as well as nearly all Latin-script languages. Greek, for example, <i>gamma</i> is written as Latin <i>g</i>, despite the fact that it has the alphabetic position of <i>c</i>; Hebrew <i>bet</i>, the second letter of the alphabet and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognate</a> with the Latin letter <i>b</i>, is sometimes pronounced /b/ and sometimes /v/, and is written <i>b</i> or <i>v</i> accordingly; Russian <i>ts</i> is written as <i>c</i>, which is the usual letter for /ts/ in those Slavic languages that use the Latin alphabet; and Arabic <i>f</i> is written as <i>f</i>, despite being historically <i>p</i>, and occurring in that part of the Arabic alphabet (between historic <i>o</i> and <i>q</i>).</p>
593
+ <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_braille_conventions">Other braille conventions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: Other braille conventions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
594
+ <p>Other systems for assigning values to braille patterns are also followed, beside the simple mapping of the alphabetical order onto the original French order. Some braille alphabets start with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified braille">unified braille</a>, and then diverge significantly based on the phonology of the target languages, while others diverge even further.</p>
595
+ <p>In the various Chinese systems, traditional braille values are used for initial consonants and the simple vowels. In both <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mandarin</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese_braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese braille">Cantonese Braille</a>, however, characters have different readings depending on whether they are placed in syllable-initial (onset) or syllable-final (rime) position. For instance, the cell for Latin <i>k</i>, <span title=" ⠅ (braille pattern dots-13) U+2805" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠅</span>, represents Cantonese <i>k</i> (<i>g</i> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale</a> and other modern romanizations) when initial, but <i>aak</i> when final, while Latin <i>j</i>, <span title=" ⠚ (braille pattern dots-245) U+281A" style="background: #f4f4f4; font-size:100%; margin:1px 2px 0 0;">⠚</span>, represents Cantonese initial <i>j</i> but final <i>oei</i>.</p>
596
+ <p>Novel systems of braille mapping include Korean, which adopts separate syllable-initial and syllable-final forms for its consonants, explicitly grouping braille cells into syllabic groups in the same way as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">hangul</a>. Japanese, meanwhile, combines independent vowel dot patterns and modifier consonant dot patterns into a single braille cell – an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida</a> representation of each Japanese <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mora_(linguistics)#Japanese" title="Mora (linguistics)">mora</a>.</p>
597
+ <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Uses">Uses</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: Uses">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
598
+ <div class="thumb tright">
599
+ <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_wine_label.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/220px-Braille_wine_label.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Braille_wine_label.jpg/330px-Braille_wine_label.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Braille_wine_label.jpg/440px-Braille_wine_label.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></a>
600
+ <div class="thumbcaption">
601
+ <div class="magnify"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_wine_label.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
602
+ A bottle of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapoutier" title="Chapoutier">Chapoutier</a> wine, with braille on the label</div>
603
+ </div>
604
+ </div>
605
+ <div class="thumb tright">
606
+ <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bahnhofsplan_f%C3%BCr_Blinde,_Hannover_Hbf,_Ausschnitt_Eingangsbereich.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/220px-Bahnhofsplan_für_Blinde,_Hannover_Hbf,_Ausschnitt_Eingangsbereich.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Bahnhofsplan_f%C3%BCr_Blinde%2C_Hannover_Hbf%2C_Ausschnitt_Eingangsbereich.jpg/330px-Bahnhofsplan_f%C3%BCr_Blinde%2C_Hannover_Hbf%2C_Ausschnitt_Eingangsbereich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Bahnhofsplan_f%C3%BCr_Blinde%2C_Hannover_Hbf%2C_Ausschnitt_Eingangsbereich.jpg/440px-Bahnhofsplan_f%C3%BCr_Blinde%2C_Hannover_Hbf%2C_Ausschnitt_Eingangsbereich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112"></a>
607
+ <div class="thumbcaption">
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+ <div class="magnify"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bahnhofsplan_f%C3%BCr_Blinde,_Hannover_Hbf,_Ausschnitt_Eingangsbereich.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
609
+ An embossed map of a German train station, with braille text</div>
610
+ </div>
611
+ </div>
612
+ <p>The current series of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_Canadian_dollar" title="Banknotes of the Canadian dollar">Canadian banknotes</a> has a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">tactile feature</a> consisting of raised dots that indicate the denomination, allowing bills to be easily identified by blind or low vision people. It does not use standard braille; rather, the feature uses a system developed in consultation with blind and low vision Canadians after research indicated that braille was not sufficiently robust and that not all potential users read braille. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_peso#Series_D" title="Mexican peso">Mexican bank notes</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a> notes, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_New_Shekel" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli New Shekel">Israeli New Shekel</a> notes,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-27">[26]</a></sup> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Ruble" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Ruble">Russian Ruble</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Franc" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Franc">Swiss Franc</a> notes also have special raised symbols to make them identifiable by persons who are blind or low vision.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p>
613
+ <p>In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> there are instances where the parliament acts have been published in braille, such as <i>The Right to Information Act</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-28">[27]</a></sup></p>
614
+ <p>In the United States, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990" title="Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990">Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-29">[28]</a></sup> requires various building signage to be in braille.</p>
615
+ <p>In the United Kingdom, it is required that medicines have the name of the medicine in Braille on the labelling.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-30">[29]</a></sup></p>
616
+ <p>Australia also recently introduced the tactile feature onto their five dollar banknote<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-31">[30]</a></sup></p>
617
+ <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Unicode">Unicode</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: Unicode">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
618
+ <div role="note" class="hatnote">Main article: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode_braille_patterns" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode braille patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></div>
619
+ <p>Braille was added to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> Standard in September, 1999 with the release of version 3.0.</p>
620
+ <p>Most <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">braille embossers</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">refreshable braille displays</a> do not support Unicode, using instead 6-dot <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">braille ASCII</a>. Some embossers have proprietary control codes for 8-dot braille or for full graphics mode, where dots may be placed anywhere on the page without leaving any space between braille cells, so that continuous lines can be drawn in diagrams, but these are rarely used and are not standard.</p>
621
+ <p>The Unicode standard encodes 8-dot braille glyphs according to their binary appearance, rather than following their assigned numeric order. Dot 1 corresponds to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_significant_bit" title="Least significant bit">least significant bit</a> of the low byte of the Unicode scalar value, and dot 8 to the high bit of that byte.</p>
622
+ <p>The Unicode block for braille is U+2800 ... U+28FF:</p>
623
+ <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" class="wikitable nounderlines Unicode braille" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:#FFFFFF;font-size:large;text-align:center">
624
+ <tbody><tr>
625
+ <td colspan="17" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Braille Patterns</a></b><sup class="reference" id="ref_U2800_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#endnote_U2800_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><br>
626
+ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2800.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF)</td>
627
+ </tr>
628
+ <tr style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">
629
+ <td style="width:45pt">&nbsp;</td>
630
+ <td style="width:20pt">0</td>
631
+ <td style="width:20pt">1</td>
632
+ <td style="width:20pt">2</td>
633
+ <td style="width:20pt">3</td>
634
+ <td style="width:20pt">4</td>
635
+ <td style="width:20pt">5</td>
636
+ <td style="width:20pt">6</td>
637
+ <td style="width:20pt">7</td>
638
+ <td style="width:20pt">8</td>
639
+ <td style="width:20pt">9</td>
640
+ <td style="width:20pt">A</td>
641
+ <td style="width:20pt">B</td>
642
+ <td style="width:20pt">C</td>
643
+ <td style="width:20pt">D</td>
644
+ <td style="width:20pt">E</td>
645
+ <td style="width:20pt">F</td>
646
+ </tr>
647
+ <tr>
648
+ <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+280x</td>
649
+ <td title="U+2800: BRAILLE PATTERN BLANK"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%80" class="mw-redirect" title="⠀">⠀</a></td>
650
+ <td title="U+2801: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="⠁">⠁</a></td>
651
+ <td title="U+2802: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="⠂">⠂</a></td>
652
+ <td title="U+2803: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%83" class="mw-redirect" title="⠃">⠃</a></td>
653
+ <td title="U+2804: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="⠄">⠄</a></td>
654
+ <td title="U+2805: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%85" class="mw-redirect" title="⠅">⠅</a></td>
655
+ <td title="U+2806: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%86" class="mw-redirect" title="⠆">⠆</a></td>
656
+ <td title="U+2807: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%87" class="mw-redirect" title="⠇">⠇</a></td>
657
+ <td title="U+2808: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%88" class="mw-redirect" title="⠈">⠈</a></td>
658
+ <td title="U+2809: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%89" class="mw-redirect" title="⠉">⠉</a></td>
659
+ <td title="U+280A: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="⠊">⠊</a></td>
660
+ <td title="U+280B: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="⠋">⠋</a></td>
661
+ <td title="U+280C: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="⠌">⠌</a></td>
662
+ <td title="U+280D: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="⠍">⠍</a></td>
663
+ <td title="U+280E: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="⠎">⠎</a></td>
664
+ <td title="U+280F: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="⠏">⠏</a></td>
665
+ </tr>
666
+ <tr>
667
+ <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+281x</td>
668
+ <td title="U+2810: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-5"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="⠐">⠐</a></td>
669
+ <td title="U+2811: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-15"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="⠑">⠑</a></td>
670
+ <td title="U+2812: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-25"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%92" class="mw-redirect" title="⠒">⠒</a></td>
671
+ <td title="U+2813: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-125"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="⠓">⠓</a></td>
672
+ <td title="U+2814: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-35"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="⠔">⠔</a></td>
673
+ <td title="U+2815: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-135"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="⠕">⠕</a></td>
674
+ <td title="U+2816: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-235"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%96" class="mw-redirect" title="⠖">⠖</a></td>
675
+ <td title="U+2817: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1235"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%97" class="mw-redirect" title="⠗">⠗</a></td>
676
+ <td title="U+2818: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-45"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="⠘">⠘</a></td>
677
+ <td title="U+2819: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-145"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%99" class="mw-redirect" title="⠙">⠙</a></td>
678
+ <td title="U+281A: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-245"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="⠚">⠚</a></td>
679
+ <td title="U+281B: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1245"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="⠛">⠛</a></td>
680
+ <td title="U+281C: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-345"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="⠜">⠜</a></td>
681
+ <td title="U+281D: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1345"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="⠝">⠝</a></td>
682
+ <td title="U+281E: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2345"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="⠞">⠞</a></td>
683
+ <td title="U+281F: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12345"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="⠟">⠟</a></td>
684
+ </tr>
685
+ <tr>
686
+ <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+282x</td>
687
+ <td title="U+2820: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-6"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="⠠">⠠</a></td>
688
+ <td title="U+2821: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-16"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="⠡">⠡</a></td>
689
+ <td title="U+2822: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-26"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="⠢">⠢</a></td>
690
+ <td title="U+2823: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-126"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="⠣">⠣</a></td>
691
+ <td title="U+2824: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-36"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="⠤">⠤</a></td>
692
+ <td title="U+2825: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-136"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="⠥">⠥</a></td>
693
+ <td title="U+2826: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-236"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="⠦">⠦</a></td>
694
+ <td title="U+2827: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1236"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="⠧">⠧</a></td>
695
+ <td title="U+2828: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-46"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="⠨">⠨</a></td>
696
+ <td title="U+2829: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-146"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="⠩">⠩</a></td>
697
+ <td title="U+282A: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-246"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="⠪">⠪</a></td>
698
+ <td title="U+282B: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1246"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="⠫">⠫</a></td>
699
+ <td title="U+282C: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-346"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="⠬">⠬</a></td>
700
+ <td title="U+282D: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1346"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="⠭">⠭</a></td>
701
+ <td title="U+282E: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2346"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="⠮">⠮</a></td>
702
+ <td title="U+282F: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12346"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="⠯">⠯</a></td>
703
+ </tr>
704
+ <tr>
705
+ <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+283x</td>
706
+ <td title="U+2830: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-56"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="⠰">⠰</a></td>
707
+ <td title="U+2831: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-156"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="⠱">⠱</a></td>
708
+ <td title="U+2832: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-256"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="⠲">⠲</a></td>
709
+ <td title="U+2833: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1256"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="⠳">⠳</a></td>
710
+ <td title="U+2834: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-356"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="⠴">⠴</a></td>
711
+ <td title="U+2835: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1356"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="⠵">⠵</a></td>
712
+ <td title="U+2836: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2356"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="⠶">⠶</a></td>
713
+ <td title="U+2837: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12356"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="⠷">⠷</a></td>
714
+ <td title="U+2838: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-456"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="⠸">⠸</a></td>
715
+ <td title="U+2839: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1456"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="⠹">⠹</a></td>
716
+ <td title="U+283A: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2456"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="⠺">⠺</a></td>
717
+ <td title="U+283B: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12456"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="⠻">⠻</a></td>
718
+ <td title="U+283C: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3456"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="⠼">⠼</a></td>
719
+ <td title="U+283D: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13456"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="⠽">⠽</a></td>
720
+ <td title="U+283E: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23456"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="⠾">⠾</a></td>
721
+ <td title="U+283F: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123456"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A0%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="⠿">⠿</a></td>
722
+ </tr>
723
+ <tr>
724
+ <td></td>
725
+ <td colspan="16"><i><small>(end of 6-dot cell patterns)</small></i></td>
726
+ </tr>
727
+ <tr>
728
+ <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+284x</td>
729
+ <td title="U+2840: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-7"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="⡀">⡀</a></td>
730
+ <td title="U+2841: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-17"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="⡁">⡁</a></td>
731
+ <td title="U+2842: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-27"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="⡂">⡂</a></td>
732
+ <td title="U+2843: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-127"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%83" class="mw-redirect" title="⡃">⡃</a></td>
733
+ <td title="U+2844: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-37"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%84" class="mw-redirect" title="⡄">⡄</a></td>
734
+ <td title="U+2845: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-137"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%85" class="mw-redirect" title="⡅">⡅</a></td>
735
+ <td title="U+2846: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-237"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%86" class="mw-redirect" title="⡆">⡆</a></td>
736
+ <td title="U+2847: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1237"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%87" class="mw-redirect" title="⡇">⡇</a></td>
737
+ <td title="U+2848: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-47"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="⡈">⡈</a></td>
738
+ <td title="U+2849: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-147"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%89" class="mw-redirect" title="⡉">⡉</a></td>
739
+ <td title="U+284A: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-247"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="⡊">⡊</a></td>
740
+ <td title="U+284B: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1247"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="⡋">⡋</a></td>
741
+ <td title="U+284C: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-347"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="⡌">⡌</a></td>
742
+ <td title="U+284D: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1347"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="⡍">⡍</a></td>
743
+ <td title="U+284E: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2347"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="⡎">⡎</a></td>
744
+ <td title="U+284F: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12347"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="⡏">⡏</a></td>
745
+ </tr>
746
+ <tr>
747
+ <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+285x</td>
748
+ <td title="U+2850: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-57"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%90" class="mw-redirect" title="⡐">⡐</a></td>
749
+ <td title="U+2851: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-157"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%91" class="mw-redirect" title="⡑">⡑</a></td>
750
+ <td title="U+2852: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-257"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%92" class="mw-redirect" title="⡒">⡒</a></td>
751
+ <td title="U+2853: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1257"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="⡓">⡓</a></td>
752
+ <td title="U+2854: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-357"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%94" class="mw-redirect" title="⡔">⡔</a></td>
753
+ <td title="U+2855: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1357"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%95" class="mw-redirect" title="⡕">⡕</a></td>
754
+ <td title="U+2856: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2357"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%96" class="mw-redirect" title="⡖">⡖</a></td>
755
+ <td title="U+2857: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12357"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%97" class="mw-redirect" title="⡗">⡗</a></td>
756
+ <td title="U+2858: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-457"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%98" class="mw-redirect" title="⡘">⡘</a></td>
757
+ <td title="U+2859: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1457"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%99" class="mw-redirect" title="⡙">⡙</a></td>
758
+ <td title="U+285A: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2457"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="⡚">⡚</a></td>
759
+ <td title="U+285B: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12457"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="⡛">⡛</a></td>
760
+ <td title="U+285C: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3457"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="⡜">⡜</a></td>
761
+ <td title="U+285D: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13457"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="⡝">⡝</a></td>
762
+ <td title="U+285E: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23457"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="⡞">⡞</a></td>
763
+ <td title="U+285F: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123457"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="⡟">⡟</a></td>
764
+ </tr>
765
+ <tr>
766
+ <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+286x</td>
767
+ <td title="U+2860: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-67"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="⡠">⡠</a></td>
768
+ <td title="U+2861: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-167"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="⡡">⡡</a></td>
769
+ <td title="U+2862: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-267"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="⡢">⡢</a></td>
770
+ <td title="U+2863: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1267"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="⡣">⡣</a></td>
771
+ <td title="U+2864: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-367"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="⡤">⡤</a></td>
772
+ <td title="U+2865: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1367"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="⡥">⡥</a></td>
773
+ <td title="U+2866: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2367"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="⡦">⡦</a></td>
774
+ <td title="U+2867: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12367"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="⡧">⡧</a></td>
775
+ <td title="U+2868: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-467"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="⡨">⡨</a></td>
776
+ <td title="U+2869: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1467"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="⡩">⡩</a></td>
777
+ <td title="U+286A: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2467"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="⡪">⡪</a></td>
778
+ <td title="U+286B: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12467"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="⡫">⡫</a></td>
779
+ <td title="U+286C: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3467"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="⡬">⡬</a></td>
780
+ <td title="U+286D: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13467"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="⡭">⡭</a></td>
781
+ <td title="U+286E: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23467"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="⡮">⡮</a></td>
782
+ <td title="U+286F: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123467"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="⡯">⡯</a></td>
783
+ </tr>
784
+ <tr>
785
+ <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+287x</td>
786
+ <td title="U+2870: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-567"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="⡰">⡰</a></td>
787
+ <td title="U+2871: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1567"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="⡱">⡱</a></td>
788
+ <td title="U+2872: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2567"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="⡲">⡲</a></td>
789
+ <td title="U+2873: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12567"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="⡳">⡳</a></td>
790
+ <td title="U+2874: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3567"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="⡴">⡴</a></td>
791
+ <td title="U+2875: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13567"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="⡵">⡵</a></td>
792
+ <td title="U+2876: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23567"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="⡶">⡶</a></td>
793
+ <td title="U+2877: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123567"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="⡷">⡷</a></td>
794
+ <td title="U+2878: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4567"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="⡸">⡸</a></td>
795
+ <td title="U+2879: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14567"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="⡹">⡹</a></td>
796
+ <td title="U+287A: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24567"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="⡺">⡺</a></td>
797
+ <td title="U+287B: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124567"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="⡻">⡻</a></td>
798
+ <td title="U+287C: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34567"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="⡼">⡼</a></td>
799
+ <td title="U+287D: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134567"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="⡽">⡽</a></td>
800
+ <td title="U+287E: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234567"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="⡾">⡾</a></td>
801
+ <td title="U+287F: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234567"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A1%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="⡿">⡿</a></td>
802
+ </tr>
803
+ <tr>
804
+ <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+288x</td>
805
+ <td title="U+2880: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-8"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%80" class="mw-redirect" title="⢀">⢀</a></td>
806
+ <td title="U+2881: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-18"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%81" class="mw-redirect" title="⢁">⢁</a></td>
807
+ <td title="U+2882: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-28"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%82" class="mw-redirect" title="⢂">⢂</a></td>
808
+ <td title="U+2883: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-128"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%83" class="mw-redirect" title="⢃">⢃</a></td>
809
+ <td title="U+2884: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-38"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%84" class="mw-redirect" title="⢄">⢄</a></td>
810
+ <td title="U+2885: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-138"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%85" class="mw-redirect" title="⢅">⢅</a></td>
811
+ <td title="U+2886: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-238"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%86" class="mw-redirect" title="⢆">⢆</a></td>
812
+ <td title="U+2887: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1238"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%87" class="mw-redirect" title="⢇">⢇</a></td>
813
+ <td title="U+2888: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-48"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%88" class="mw-redirect" title="⢈">⢈</a></td>
814
+ <td title="U+2889: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-148"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%89" class="mw-redirect" title="⢉">⢉</a></td>
815
+ <td title="U+288A: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-248"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="⢊">⢊</a></td>
816
+ <td title="U+288B: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1248"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="⢋">⢋</a></td>
817
+ <td title="U+288C: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-348"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="⢌">⢌</a></td>
818
+ <td title="U+288D: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1348"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="⢍">⢍</a></td>
819
+ <td title="U+288E: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2348"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="⢎">⢎</a></td>
820
+ <td title="U+288F: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12348"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="⢏">⢏</a></td>
821
+ </tr>
822
+ <tr>
823
+ <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+289x</td>
824
+ <td title="U+2890: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-58"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%90" class="mw-redirect" title="⢐">⢐</a></td>
825
+ <td title="U+2891: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-158"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%91" class="mw-redirect" title="⢑">⢑</a></td>
826
+ <td title="U+2892: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-258"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%92" class="mw-redirect" title="⢒">⢒</a></td>
827
+ <td title="U+2893: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1258"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%93" class="mw-redirect" title="⢓">⢓</a></td>
828
+ <td title="U+2894: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-358"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%94" class="mw-redirect" title="⢔">⢔</a></td>
829
+ <td title="U+2895: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1358"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%95" class="mw-redirect" title="⢕">⢕</a></td>
830
+ <td title="U+2896: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2358"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%96" class="mw-redirect" title="⢖">⢖</a></td>
831
+ <td title="U+2897: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12358"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%97" class="mw-redirect" title="⢗">⢗</a></td>
832
+ <td title="U+2898: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-458"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%98" class="mw-redirect" title="⢘">⢘</a></td>
833
+ <td title="U+2899: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1458"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%99" class="mw-redirect" title="⢙">⢙</a></td>
834
+ <td title="U+289A: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2458"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="⢚">⢚</a></td>
835
+ <td title="U+289B: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12458"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="⢛">⢛</a></td>
836
+ <td title="U+289C: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3458"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="⢜">⢜</a></td>
837
+ <td title="U+289D: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13458"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="⢝">⢝</a></td>
838
+ <td title="U+289E: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23458"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="⢞">⢞</a></td>
839
+ <td title="U+289F: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123458"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="⢟">⢟</a></td>
840
+ </tr>
841
+ <tr>
842
+ <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+28Ax</td>
843
+ <td title="U+28A0: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-68"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="⢠">⢠</a></td>
844
+ <td title="U+28A1: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-168"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="⢡">⢡</a></td>
845
+ <td title="U+28A2: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-268"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="⢢">⢢</a></td>
846
+ <td title="U+28A3: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1268"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="⢣">⢣</a></td>
847
+ <td title="U+28A4: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-368"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="⢤">⢤</a></td>
848
+ <td title="U+28A5: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1368"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="⢥">⢥</a></td>
849
+ <td title="U+28A6: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2368"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="⢦">⢦</a></td>
850
+ <td title="U+28A7: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12368"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="⢧">⢧</a></td>
851
+ <td title="U+28A8: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-468"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="⢨">⢨</a></td>
852
+ <td title="U+28A9: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1468"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="⢩">⢩</a></td>
853
+ <td title="U+28AA: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2468"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="⢪">⢪</a></td>
854
+ <td title="U+28AB: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12468"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="⢫">⢫</a></td>
855
+ <td title="U+28AC: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3468"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="⢬">⢬</a></td>
856
+ <td title="U+28AD: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13468"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="⢭">⢭</a></td>
857
+ <td title="U+28AE: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23468"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="⢮">⢮</a></td>
858
+ <td title="U+28AF: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123468"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="⢯">⢯</a></td>
859
+ </tr>
860
+ <tr>
861
+ <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+28Bx</td>
862
+ <td title="U+28B0: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-568"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="⢰">⢰</a></td>
863
+ <td title="U+28B1: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1568"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="⢱">⢱</a></td>
864
+ <td title="U+28B2: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2568"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="⢲">⢲</a></td>
865
+ <td title="U+28B3: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12568"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="⢳">⢳</a></td>
866
+ <td title="U+28B4: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3568"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="⢴">⢴</a></td>
867
+ <td title="U+28B5: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13568"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="⢵">⢵</a></td>
868
+ <td title="U+28B6: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23568"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="⢶">⢶</a></td>
869
+ <td title="U+28B7: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123568"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="⢷">⢷</a></td>
870
+ <td title="U+28B8: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4568"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="⢸">⢸</a></td>
871
+ <td title="U+28B9: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14568"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="⢹">⢹</a></td>
872
+ <td title="U+28BA: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24568"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="⢺">⢺</a></td>
873
+ <td title="U+28BB: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124568"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="⢻">⢻</a></td>
874
+ <td title="U+28BC: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34568"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="⢼">⢼</a></td>
875
+ <td title="U+28BD: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134568"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="⢽">⢽</a></td>
876
+ <td title="U+28BE: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234568"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="⢾">⢾</a></td>
877
+ <td title="U+28BF: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234568"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A2%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="⢿">⢿</a></td>
878
+ </tr>
879
+ <tr>
880
+ <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+28Cx</td>
881
+ <td title="U+28C0: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-78"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%80" class="mw-redirect" title="⣀">⣀</a></td>
882
+ <td title="U+28C1: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-178"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%81" class="mw-redirect" title="⣁">⣁</a></td>
883
+ <td title="U+28C2: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-278"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%82" class="mw-redirect" title="⣂">⣂</a></td>
884
+ <td title="U+28C3: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1278"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%83" class="mw-redirect" title="⣃">⣃</a></td>
885
+ <td title="U+28C4: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-378"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%84" class="mw-redirect" title="⣄">⣄</a></td>
886
+ <td title="U+28C5: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1378"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%85" class="mw-redirect" title="⣅">⣅</a></td>
887
+ <td title="U+28C6: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2378"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%86" class="mw-redirect" title="⣆">⣆</a></td>
888
+ <td title="U+28C7: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12378"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%87" class="mw-redirect" title="⣇">⣇</a></td>
889
+ <td title="U+28C8: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-478"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%88" class="mw-redirect" title="⣈">⣈</a></td>
890
+ <td title="U+28C9: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1478"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%89" class="mw-redirect" title="⣉">⣉</a></td>
891
+ <td title="U+28CA: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2478"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="⣊">⣊</a></td>
892
+ <td title="U+28CB: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12478"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="⣋">⣋</a></td>
893
+ <td title="U+28CC: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3478"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="⣌">⣌</a></td>
894
+ <td title="U+28CD: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13478"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="⣍">⣍</a></td>
895
+ <td title="U+28CE: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23478"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="⣎">⣎</a></td>
896
+ <td title="U+28CF: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123478"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="⣏">⣏</a></td>
897
+ </tr>
898
+ <tr>
899
+ <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+28Dx</td>
900
+ <td title="U+28D0: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-578"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="⣐">⣐</a></td>
901
+ <td title="U+28D1: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1578"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%91" class="mw-redirect" title="⣑">⣑</a></td>
902
+ <td title="U+28D2: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2578"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%92" class="mw-redirect" title="⣒">⣒</a></td>
903
+ <td title="U+28D3: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12578"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="⣓">⣓</a></td>
904
+ <td title="U+28D4: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3578"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%94" class="mw-redirect" title="⣔">⣔</a></td>
905
+ <td title="U+28D5: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13578"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="⣕">⣕</a></td>
906
+ <td title="U+28D6: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23578"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%96" class="mw-redirect" title="⣖">⣖</a></td>
907
+ <td title="U+28D7: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123578"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%97" class="mw-redirect" title="⣗">⣗</a></td>
908
+ <td title="U+28D8: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4578"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%98" class="mw-redirect" title="⣘">⣘</a></td>
909
+ <td title="U+28D9: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14578"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%99" class="mw-redirect" title="⣙">⣙</a></td>
910
+ <td title="U+28DA: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24578"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="⣚">⣚</a></td>
911
+ <td title="U+28DB: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124578"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="⣛">⣛</a></td>
912
+ <td title="U+28DC: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34578"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="⣜">⣜</a></td>
913
+ <td title="U+28DD: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134578"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="⣝">⣝</a></td>
914
+ <td title="U+28DE: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234578"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="⣞">⣞</a></td>
915
+ <td title="U+28DF: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234578"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="⣟">⣟</a></td>
916
+ </tr>
917
+ <tr>
918
+ <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+28Ex</td>
919
+ <td title="U+28E0: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="⣠">⣠</a></td>
920
+ <td title="U+28E1: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="⣡">⣡</a></td>
921
+ <td title="U+28E2: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="⣢">⣢</a></td>
922
+ <td title="U+28E3: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="⣣">⣣</a></td>
923
+ <td title="U+28E4: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="⣤">⣤</a></td>
924
+ <td title="U+28E5: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="⣥">⣥</a></td>
925
+ <td title="U+28E6: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="⣦">⣦</a></td>
926
+ <td title="U+28E7: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="⣧">⣧</a></td>
927
+ <td title="U+28E8: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="⣨">⣨</a></td>
928
+ <td title="U+28E9: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="⣩">⣩</a></td>
929
+ <td title="U+28EA: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="⣪">⣪</a></td>
930
+ <td title="U+28EB: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="⣫">⣫</a></td>
931
+ <td title="U+28EC: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="⣬">⣬</a></td>
932
+ <td title="U+28ED: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="⣭">⣭</a></td>
933
+ <td title="U+28EE: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="⣮">⣮</a></td>
934
+ <td title="U+28EF: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="⣯">⣯</a></td>
935
+ </tr>
936
+ <tr>
937
+ <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+28Fx</td>
938
+ <td title="U+28F0: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-5678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="⣰">⣰</a></td>
939
+ <td title="U+28F1: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-15678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="⣱">⣱</a></td>
940
+ <td title="U+28F2: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-25678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="⣲">⣲</a></td>
941
+ <td title="U+28F3: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-125678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="⣳">⣳</a></td>
942
+ <td title="U+28F4: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-35678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="⣴">⣴</a></td>
943
+ <td title="U+28F5: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-135678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="⣵">⣵</a></td>
944
+ <td title="U+28F6: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-235678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="⣶">⣶</a></td>
945
+ <td title="U+28F7: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1235678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="⣷">⣷</a></td>
946
+ <td title="U+28F8: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-45678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="⣸">⣸</a></td>
947
+ <td title="U+28F9: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-145678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="⣹">⣹</a></td>
948
+ <td title="U+28FA: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-245678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="⣺">⣺</a></td>
949
+ <td title="U+28FB: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1245678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="⣻">⣻</a></td>
950
+ <td title="U+28FC: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-345678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="⣼">⣼</a></td>
951
+ <td title="U+28FD: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1345678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="⣽">⣽</a></td>
952
+ <td title="U+28FE: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2345678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="⣾">⣾</a></td>
953
+ <td title="U+28FF: BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12345678"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%A3%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="⣿">⣿</a></td>
954
+ </tr>
955
+ <tr>
956
+ <td colspan="17" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b>
957
+ <div style="padding-left: 3em; padding-right:0em; overflow: hidden;">1.<span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U2800_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#ref_U2800_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 9.0</div>
958
+ </td>
959
+ </tr>
960
+ </tbody></table>
961
+ <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Observation">Observation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: Observation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
962
+ <p>Every year on 4 January, World Braille Day is observed internationally to commemorate the birth of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a> and to recognize his efforts. However, the event is not considered a public holiday.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_note-32">[31]</a></sup></p>
963
+ <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
964
+ <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;">
965
+ <ul>
966
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></li>
967
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></li>
968
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></li>
969
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></li>
970
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></li>
971
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_Watch" class="mw-redirect" title="Braille Watch">Braille Watch</a></li>
972
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_binary_codes" title="List of binary codes">List of binary codes</a></li>
973
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_common_standards" title="List of international common standards">List of international common standards</a></li>
974
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li>
975
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Needle_punch" class="mw-redirect" title="Needle punch">Needle punch</a></li>
976
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth Braille</a> (for math)</li>
977
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refreshable_Braille_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Refreshable Braille display">Refreshable Braille display</a></li>
978
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactile_alphabets_for_the_blind" class="mw-redirect" title="Tactile alphabets for the blind">Tactile alphabets for the blind</a></li>
979
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactile_graphic" title="Tactile graphic">Tactile graphic</a></li>
980
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangible_symbol_systems" title="Tangible symbol systems">Tangible symbol systems</a></li>
981
+ </ul>
982
+ </div>
983
+ <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
984
+ <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
985
+ <ol class="references">
986
+ <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-11"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The characters have been arranged by decade, with decade diacritics listed at left, and supplementary characters included on the right according to their diacritic. See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a>, where the 12 characters listed in the first line are used for shorthand and are found in this order for the 12 notes of plainsong notation, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French Braille</a>, where the 'final' form of Braille's alphabet is laid out in the same way. However, modern tables often organize the supplementary characters differently: Those with a dot 3 are listed as a 6th group of 6 characters, and those with dots only on the right side are listed as a 7th group of 7, without anything in common with the columns the characters are listed under.</span></li>
987
+ </ol>
988
+ </div>
989
+ <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
990
+ <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
991
+ <ol class="references">
992
+ <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-1"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Louis Braille, 1829, <i>Method of Writing Words, Music, and Plain Songs by Means of Dots, for Use by the Blind and Arranged for Them</i></span></li>
993
+ <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-2"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brailler.com/braillehx.htm">"How Braille began"</a>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.brailler.com/">http://www.brailler.com</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABraille&amp;rft.atitle=How+Braille+began&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brailler.com%2Fbraillehx.htm&amp;rft.jtitle=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brailler.com&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">External link in <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|journal=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span></li>
994
+ <li id="cite_note-Raised_Dots-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-Raised_Dots_3-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-Raised_Dots_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-Raised_Dots_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-Raised_Dots_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afb.org/info/living-with-vision-loss/braille/what-is-braille/123">"The dot positions are identified by numbers from one through six"</a>. <i>AFB.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABraille&amp;rft.atitle=The+dot+positions+are+identified+by+numbers+from+one+through+six&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afb.org%2Finfo%2Fliving-with-vision-loss%2Fbraille%2Fwhat-is-braille%2F123&amp;rft.jtitle=AFB.org&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
995
+ <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-4"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afb.org/info/living-with-vision-loss/braille/what-is-braille/123">"What is Braille"</a>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.afb.org/">http://www.afb.org</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABraille&amp;rft.atitle=What+is+Braille&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afb.org%2Finfo%2Fliving-with-vision-loss%2Fbraille%2Fwhat-is-braille%2F123&amp;rft.jtitle=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afb.org&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">External link in <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|journal=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span></li>
996
+ <li id="cite_note-No.C3.ABlle_Roy-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-No.C3.ABlle_Roy_5-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRoy.2C_No.C3.ABlle" class="citation">Roy, Noëlle, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avh.asso.fr/download.php?chemin=rubriques/association/dwnld/&amp;filename=Bio_Br_Paris_GB_060109.pdf">"Louis Braille 1809–1852, a French genius"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, <i>Valentin Haüy Association website</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-05</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABraille&amp;rft.atitle=Louis+Braille+1809%931852%2C+a+French+genius&amp;rft.au=Roy%2C+No%C3%ABlle&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avh.asso.fr%2Fdownload.php%3Fchemin%3Drubriques%2Fassociation%2Fdwnld%2F%26filename%3DBio_Br_Paris_GB_060109.pdf&amp;rft.jtitle=Valentin+Ha%C3%BCy+Association+website&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
997
+ <li id="cite_note-digital-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-digital_6-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-digital_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Daniels, 1996, "Analog and Digital Writing", in <i>The World's Writing Systems,</i> p 886</span></li>
998
+ <li id="cite_note-D.26B-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-D.26B_7-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-D.26B_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-D.26B_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniels &amp; Bright, 1996, <i>The World's Writing Systems</i>, p 817–818</span></li>
999
+ <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-8"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madeleine Loomis, 1942, <i>The Braille Reference Book [for Grades I, I½, and II].</i></span></li>
1000
+ <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-9"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The values of the letters after <i>z</i> differ from language to language; these are Braille's assignments for French.</span></li>
1001
+ <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-10"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>W</i> had been tacked onto the 39 letters of the French alphabet to accommodate English.</span></li>
1002
+ <li id="cite_note-Grover-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-Grover_12-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-Grover_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDr._Grover_.28Russ.29_Whitehurst" class="citation">Dr. Grover (Russ) Whitehurst, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.childrenofthecode.org/"><i>Research: Evidence Based Education Science and the Challenge of Learning to Read</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-20</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABraille&amp;rft.au=Dr.+Grover+%28Russ%29+Whitehurst&amp;rft.btitle=Research%3A+Evidence+Based+Education+Science+and+the+Challenge+of+Learning+to+Read&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.childrenofthecode.org%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
1003
+ <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-13"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Foundation_for_the_Blind:_Programs_and_Policy_Research" class="citation">American Foundation for the Blind: Programs and Policy Research, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.braille.org/papers/jvib0696/vb960329.htm">"Estimated Number of Adult Braille Readers in the United States"</a>, <i>International Braille Research Center (IBRC)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-15</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABraille&amp;rft.atitle=Estimated+Number+of+Adult+Braille+Readers+in+the+United+States&amp;rft.au=American+Foundation+for+the+Blind%3A+Programs+and+Policy+Research&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.braille.org%2Fpapers%2Fjvib0696%2Fvb960329.htm&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Braille+Research+Center+%28IBRC%29&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
1004
+ <li id="cite_note-Ranalli2008-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-Ranalli2008_14-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-Ranalli2008_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-Ranalli2008_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-Ranalli2008_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRanalli.2C_Ralph2008" class="citation">Ranalli, Ralph (2008-01-05), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2008/01/05/a_boost_for_braille/">"A Boost for Braille"</a>, <i>The Boston Globe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-17</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABraille&amp;rft.atitle=A+Boost+for+Braille&amp;rft.au=Ranalli%2C+Ralph&amp;rft.date=2008-01-05&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Farticles%2F2008%2F01%2F05%2Fa_boost_for_braille%2F&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
1005
+ <li id="cite_note-Blind2013-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-Blind2013_15-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Printing_House_for_the_Blind2016" class="citation">American Printing House for the Blind (2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aph.org/files/annual-reports/APH-Annual-Report-FY15.pdf"><i>Annual Report 2015</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-27</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABraille&amp;rft.au=American+Printing+House+for+the+Blind&amp;rft.btitle=Annual+Report+2015&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.org%2Ffiles%2Fannual-reports%2FAPH-Annual-Report-FY15.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
1006
+ <li id="cite_note-Ruby_Riles-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-Ruby_Riles_16-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-Ruby_Riles_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-Ruby_Riles_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRiles.2C_Ruby" class="citation">Riles, Ruby, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.braille.org/papers/jvib0696/vb960311.htm">"The Impact of Braille Reading Skills on Employment, Income, Education, and Reading Habits"</a>, <i>Braille Research Center</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-15</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABraille&amp;rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+Braille+Reading+Skills+on+Employment%2C+Income%2C+Education%2C+and+Reading+Habits&amp;rft.au=Riles%2C+Ruby&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.braille.org%2Fpapers%2Fjvib0696%2Fvb960311.htm&amp;rft.jtitle=Braille+Research+Center&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
1007
+ <li id="cite_note-Blind1999-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-Blind1999_17-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Printing_House_for_the_Blind_.28APH.291999" class="citation">American Printing House for the Blind (APH) (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020131020657/http://www.aph.org/fedquotpgm/dist99.html"><i>APH maintains an annual register of legally blind students below the college level</i></a>, Archived from the original on 31 January 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-27</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABraille&amp;rft.au=American+Printing+House+for+the+Blind+%28APH%29&amp;rft.btitle=APH+maintains+an+annual+register+of+legally+blind+students+below+the+college+level&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.org%2Ffedquotpgm%2Fdist99.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33">CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_BOT:_original-url_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown">link</a>)</span></span></li>
1008
+ <li id="cite_note-Ebnet2001-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-Ebnet2001_18-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEbnet.2C_Matthew2001" class="citation">Ebnet, Matthew (2001-06-30), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2001/jun/30/local/me-16960">"Braille Challenge Gives Young Blind Students a Chance to Shine"</a>, <i>The Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-15</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABraille&amp;rft.atitle=Braille+Challenge+Gives+Young+Blind+Students+a+Chance+to+Shine&amp;rft.au=Ebnet%2C+Matthew&amp;rft.date=2001-06-30&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F2001%2Fjun%2F30%2Flocal%2Fme-16960&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
1009
+ <li id="cite_note-Ph2004-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-Ph2004_19-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRiles_Ph.D..2C_Ruby2004" class="citation">Riles Ph.D., Ruby (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfb.org/Images/nfb/Publications/fr/fr14/fr04se22.htm">"Research Study: Early Braille Education Vital"</a>, <i>Future Reflections</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-15</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABraille&amp;rft.atitle=Research+Study%3A+Early+Braille+Education+Vital&amp;rft.au=Riles+Ph.D.%2C+Ruby&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfb.org%2FImages%2Fnfb%2FPublications%2Ffr%2Ffr14%2Ffr04se22.htm&amp;rft.jtitle=Future+Reflections&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
1010
+ <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-20"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Damon Rose (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-16984742">"Braille is spreading but who's using it?"</a>. bbc.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABraille&amp;rft.au=Damon+Rose&amp;rft.btitle=Braille+is+spreading+but+who%27s+using+it%3F&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-16984742&amp;rft.pub=bbc.co.uk&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
1011
+ <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-21"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Risjord, Constance (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nfb.org/images/nfb/documents/pdf/nls-5th-ed-electronicversion.pdf">Instruction Manual for Braille Transcribing</a>, Library of Congress, 5th ed. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0844412279" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8444-1227-9</a></span></li>
1012
+ <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-22"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hampshire, Barry. <i>Working with Braille.</i> Paris: Unesco, 1981.</span></li>
1013
+ <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-23"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20050329073830/http:/www.geocities.com/jyyne_2000/grade3.htm">Grade 3 Braille</a>. geocities.com (June 2000). Retrieved on 2012-12-21.</span></li>
1014
+ <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-24"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B.F. Holland, 'Speed and Pressure Factors in Braille Reading', <i>Teachers Forum,</i> Vol. 7, September 1934 pp. 13–17</span></li>
1015
+ <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-25"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Lowenfield and G. L. Abel, <i>Methods of Teaching Braille Reading Efficiency of Children in Lower Senior Classes.</i> Birmingham, Research Centre for the Education of the Visually Handicapped, 1977</span></li>
1016
+ <li id="cite_note-IntlBraille-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-IntlBraille_26-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0007/000711/071103eb.pdf">"International Meeting on Braille Uniformity"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. UNESCO<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-04-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABraille&amp;rft.btitle=International+Meeting+on+Braille+Uniformity&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fimages%2F0007%2F000711%2F071103eb.pdf&amp;rft.pub=UNESCO&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
1017
+ <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-27"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boi.org.il/en/Currency/BanknoteSecurityFeatures/Pages/intaglio.aspx">Bank of Israel – Banknote Security Features – Raised print (intaglio)</a>. boi.org.il. Retrieved on 2013-01-11.</span></li>
1018
+ <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-28"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2006/07/04/stories/2006070402351200.htm">National&nbsp;: Right to Information Act in Braille</a>. The Hindu (2006-07-04). Retrieved on 2012-12-21.</span></li>
1019
+ <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-29"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ada.gov/">ada.gov</a>. ada.gov. Retrieved on 2012-12-21.</span></li>
1020
+ <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-30"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/medicines-packaging-labelling-and-patient-information-leaflets#braille-on-labelling-and-in-pils">Medicines: packaging, labelling and patient information leaflets</a>. gov.uk. Retrieved on 2015-05-05.</span></li>
1021
+ <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-31"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-08-31/new-tactile-$5-note-coming-into-circulation/7797160">"Finally, Australian currency will be accessible to the blind"</a>. 31 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABraille&amp;rft.btitle=Finally%2C+Australian+currency+will+be+accessible+to+the+blind&amp;rft.date=2016-08-31&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2016-08-31%2Fnew-tactile-%245-note-coming-into-circulation%2F7797160&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
1022
+ <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#cite_ref-32"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.calendarlabs.com/holidays/international/world-braille-day.php">"World Braille Day&nbsp;: 4th January"</a>. <i>www.calendarlabs.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABraille&amp;rft.atitle=World+Braille+Day+%3A+4th+January&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.calendarlabs.com%2Fholidays%2Finternational%2Fworld-braille-day.php&amp;rft.jtitle=www.calendarlabs.com&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
1023
+ </ol>
1024
+ </div>
1025
+ <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
1026
+ <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
1027
+ <tbody><tr>
1028
+ <td class="mbox-image"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="./Braille - Wikipedia_files/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></a></td>
1029
+ <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Braille" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Braille">Braille</a></b></i>.</td>
1030
+ </tr>
1031
+ </tbody></table>
1032
+ <ul>
1033
+ <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avh.asso.fr/rubrics/association/association.php?langue=eng&amp;">Association Valentin Haüy</a></li>
1034
+ <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atpc.net/">Alternate Text Production Center</a></li>
1035
+ </ul>
1036
+ <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Braille_.C2.A0.E2.A0.83.E2.A0.97.E2.A0.81.E2.A0.8A.E2.A0.87.E2.A0.87.E2.A0.91" style="padding:3px">
1037
+ <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit" id="collapsibleTable0">
1038
+ <tbody><tr>
1039
+ <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span class="collapseButton">[<a id="collapseButton0" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#">show</a>]</span>
1040
+ <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini">
1041
+ <ul>
1042
+ <li class="nv-view"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</abbr></a></li>
1043
+ <li class="nv-talk"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</abbr></a></li>
1044
+ <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Braille&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</abbr></a></li>
1045
+ </ul>
1046
+ </div>
1047
+ <div id="Braille_.C2.A0.E2.A0.83.E2.A0.97.E2.A0.81.E2.A0.8A.E2.A0.87.E2.A0.87.E2.A0.91" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><strong class="selflink">Braille <span style="padding-left:0.5em;">&nbsp;</span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</strong></div>
1048
+ </th>
1049
+ </tr>
1050
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
1051
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1052
+ </tr>
1053
+ <tr style="display: none;">
1054
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Braille cell</th>
1055
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
1056
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
1057
+ <ul>
1058
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></li>
1059
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></li>
1060
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></li>
1061
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></li>
1062
+ </ul>
1063
+ </div>
1064
+ </td>
1065
+ </tr>
1066
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
1067
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1068
+ </tr>
1069
+ <tr style="display: none;">
1070
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Braille scripts</th>
1071
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
1072
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>
1073
+ <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
1074
+ <tbody><tr>
1075
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered scripts</a><br>
1076
+ (see for more)</th>
1077
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
1078
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
1079
+ <ul>
1080
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></li>
1081
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amharic_Braille" title="Amharic Braille">Amharic</a></li>
1082
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></li>
1083
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></li>
1084
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></li>
1085
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></li>
1086
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati</a>
1087
+ <ul>
1088
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi &nbsp;/ Marathi &nbsp;/ Nepali)</a></li>
1089
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali</a></li>
1090
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></li>
1091
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinhalese_Braille" title="Sinhalese Braille">Sinhalese</a></li>
1092
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></li>
1093
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a></li>
1094
+ <li><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Bharati_braille_alphabets" title="Category:Bharati braille alphabets">etc.</a></i></li>
1095
+ </ul>
1096
+ </li>
1097
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></li>
1098
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></li>
1099
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian_Braille" title="Cambodian Braille">Cambodian</a></li>
1100
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></li>
1101
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></li>
1102
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese</a> (Mandarin, mainland)</li>
1103
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></li>
1104
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></li>
1105
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</li>
1106
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</li>
1107
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></li>
1108
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></li>
1109
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></li>
1110
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></li>
1111
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></li>
1112
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></li>
1113
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></li>
1114
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></li>
1115
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></li>
1116
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></li>
1117
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></li>
1118
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></li>
1119
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></li>
1120
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</li>
1121
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></li>
1122
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></li>
1123
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></li>
1124
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></li>
1125
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></li>
1126
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></li>
1127
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></li>
1128
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></li>
1129
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></li>
1130
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></li>
1131
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></li>
1132
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></li>
1133
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Sami_Braille" title="Northern Sami Braille">Northern Sami</a></li>
1134
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></li>
1135
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></li>
1136
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></li>
1137
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></li>
1138
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></li>
1139
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></li>
1140
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></li>
1141
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></li>
1142
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></li>
1143
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></li>
1144
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></li>
1145
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></li>
1146
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</li>
1147
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai &amp; Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</li>
1148
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></li>
1149
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></li>
1150
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></li>
1151
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></li>
1152
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></li>
1153
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></li>
1154
+ </ul>
1155
+ </div>
1156
+ </td>
1157
+ </tr>
1158
+ <tr style="height:2px">
1159
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1160
+ </tr>
1161
+ <tr>
1162
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Reordered scripts</th>
1163
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
1164
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
1165
+ <ul>
1166
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</li>
1167
+ </ul>
1168
+ </div>
1169
+ </td>
1170
+ </tr>
1171
+ <tr style="height:2px">
1172
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1173
+ </tr>
1174
+ <tr>
1175
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Frequency-based scripts</th>
1176
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
1177
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
1178
+ <ul>
1179
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</li>
1180
+ </ul>
1181
+ </div>
1182
+ </td>
1183
+ </tr>
1184
+ <tr style="height:2px">
1185
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1186
+ </tr>
1187
+ <tr>
1188
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Independent scripts</th>
1189
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
1190
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
1191
+ <ul>
1192
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></li>
1193
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></li>
1194
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-Cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-Cell Chinese Braille">Two-Cell Chinese</a></li>
1195
+ </ul>
1196
+ </div>
1197
+ </td>
1198
+ </tr>
1199
+ <tr style="height:2px">
1200
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1201
+ </tr>
1202
+ <tr>
1203
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Eight-dot scripts</th>
1204
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
1205
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
1206
+ <ul>
1207
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></li>
1208
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></li>
1209
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</li>
1210
+ </ul>
1211
+ </div>
1212
+ </td>
1213
+ </tr>
1214
+ </tbody></table>
1215
+ </td>
1216
+ </tr>
1217
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
1218
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1219
+ </tr>
1220
+ <tr style="display: none;">
1221
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Symbols in braille</th>
1222
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
1223
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
1224
+ <ul>
1225
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></li>
1226
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></li>
1227
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></li>
1228
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8/GS6)</li>
1229
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</li>
1230
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></li>
1231
+ </ul>
1232
+ </div>
1233
+ </td>
1234
+ </tr>
1235
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
1236
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1237
+ </tr>
1238
+ <tr style="display: none;">
1239
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th>
1240
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
1241
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
1242
+ <ul>
1243
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></li>
1244
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></li>
1245
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></li>
1246
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></li>
1247
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></li>
1248
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></li>
1249
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></li>
1250
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></li>
1251
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></li>
1252
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></li>
1253
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></li>
1254
+ </ul>
1255
+ </div>
1256
+ </td>
1257
+ </tr>
1258
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
1259
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1260
+ </tr>
1261
+ <tr style="display: none;">
1262
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Persons</th>
1263
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
1264
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
1265
+ <ul>
1266
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></li>
1267
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></li>
1268
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></li>
1269
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></li>
1270
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></li>
1271
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></li>
1272
+ </ul>
1273
+ </div>
1274
+ </td>
1275
+ </tr>
1276
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
1277
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1278
+ </tr>
1279
+ <tr style="display: none;">
1280
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Organisations</th>
1281
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
1282
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
1283
+ <ul>
1284
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></li>
1285
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></li>
1286
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></li>
1287
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></li>
1288
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></li>
1289
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></li>
1290
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></li>
1291
+ </ul>
1292
+ </div>
1293
+ </td>
1294
+ </tr>
1295
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
1296
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1297
+ </tr>
1298
+ <tr style="display: none;">
1299
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Other <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th>
1300
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
1301
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
1302
+ <ul>
1303
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></li>
1304
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li>
1305
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li>
1306
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></li>
1307
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></li>
1308
+ </ul>
1309
+ </div>
1310
+ </td>
1311
+ </tr>
1312
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
1313
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1314
+ </tr>
1315
+ <tr style="display: none;">
1316
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Related topics</th>
1317
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
1318
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
1319
+ <ul>
1320
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></li>
1321
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></li>
1322
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></li>
1323
+ </ul>
1324
+ </div>
1325
+ </td>
1326
+ </tr>
1327
+ </tbody></table>
1328
+ </div>
1329
+ <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ISO_15924_script_codes" style="padding:3px">
1330
+ <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit" id="collapsibleTable1">
1331
+ <tbody><tr>
1332
+ <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span class="collapseButton">[<a id="collapseButton1" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#">show</a>]</span>
1333
+ <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini">
1334
+ <ul>
1335
+ <li class="nv-view"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:ISO_15924/footer" title="Template:ISO 15924/footer"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</abbr></a></li>
1336
+ <li class="nv-talk"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:ISO_15924/footer" title="Template talk:ISO 15924/footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</abbr></a></li>
1337
+ <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:ISO_15924/footer&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</abbr></a></li>
1338
+ </ul>
1339
+ </div>
1340
+ <div id="ISO_15924_script_codes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a> script codes</div>
1341
+ </th>
1342
+ </tr>
1343
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
1344
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1345
+ </tr>
1346
+ <tr style="display: none;">
1347
+ <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
1348
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
1349
+ <ul>
1350
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fula_alphabets#Adlam_alphabet" title="Fula alphabets">Adlm</a></code></li>
1351
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afak</a></code></li>
1352
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_alphabet" title="Caucasian Albanian alphabet">Aghb</a></code></li>
1353
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahom_alphabet" title="Ahom alphabet">Ahom</a></code></li>
1354
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arab</a></code></li>
1355
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasta%CA%BFl%C4%ABq_script" title="Nastaʿlīq script">Aran</a></code></li>
1356
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Armi</a></code></li>
1357
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armn</a></code></li>
1358
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avst</a></code></li>
1359
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balinese_alphabet" title="Balinese alphabet">Bali</a></code></li>
1360
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamu</a></code></li>
1361
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassa_alphabet" title="Bassa alphabet">Bass</a></code></li>
1362
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batak_alphabet" title="Batak alphabet">Batk</a></code></li>
1363
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">Beng</a></code></li>
1364
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhaiksuki_alphabet" title="Bhaiksuki alphabet">Bhks</a></code></li>
1365
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blis</a></code></li>
1366
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopo</a></code></li>
1367
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brah</a></code></li>
1368
+ <li><code><strong class="selflink">Brai</strong></code></li>
1369
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lontara_alphabet" title="Lontara alphabet">Bugi</a></code></li>
1370
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buhid_alphabet" title="Buhid alphabet">Buhd</a></code></li>
1371
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakma_alphabet" title="Chakma alphabet">Cakm</a></code></li>
1372
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Cans</a></code></li>
1373
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Cari</a></code></li>
1374
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cham_alphabet" title="Cham alphabet">Cham</a></code></li>
1375
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cher</a></code></li>
1376
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirt</a></code></li>
1377
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" title="Coptic alphabet">Copt</a></code></li>
1378
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cprt</a></code></li>
1379
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrl</a></code></li>
1380
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrs</a></code></li>
1381
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Deva</a></code></li>
1382
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogri_language#Script" title="Dogri language">Dogr</a></code></li>
1383
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Dsrt</a></code></li>
1384
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Dupl</a></code></li>
1385
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Egyd</a></code></li>
1386
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Egyh</a></code></li>
1387
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyp</a></code></li>
1388
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbasan_alphabet" title="Elbasan alphabet">Elba</a></code></li>
1389
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ge%27ez_script" title="Ge&#39;ez script">Ethi</a></code></li>
1390
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_scripts#Nuskhuri" title="Georgian scripts">Geok</a></code></li>
1391
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_scripts#Mkhedruli" title="Georgian scripts">Geor</a></code></li>
1392
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glag</a></code></li>
1393
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_Lipi" title="Gunjala Gondi Lipi">Gong</a></code></li>
1394
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondi_writing#Masaram" title="Gondi writing">Gonm</a></code></li>
1395
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Goth</a></code></li>
1396
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grantha_alphabet" title="Grantha alphabet">Gran</a></code></li>
1397
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Grek</a></code></li>
1398
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarati_alphabet" title="Gujarati alphabet">Gujr</a></code></li>
1399
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukh%C4%AB_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurmukhī alphabet">Guru</a></code></li>
1400
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Hanb</a></code></li>
1401
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hang</a></code></li>
1402
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Hani</a></code></li>
1403
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanun%C3%B3%27o_alphabet" title="Hanunó&#39;o alphabet">Hano</a></code></li>
1404
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Hans</a></code></li>
1405
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Hant</a></code></li>
1406
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatr</a></code></li>
1407
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebr</a></code></li>
1408
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hira</a></code></li>
1409
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Hluw</a></code></li>
1410
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Hmng</a></code></li>
1411
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Hrkt</a></code></li>
1412
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Hungarian_alphabet" title="Old Hungarian alphabet">Hung</a></code></li>
1413
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_script" title="Indus script">Inds</a></code></li>
1414
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Italic_script" title="Old Italic script">Ital</a></code></li>
1415
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul#Letters" title="Hangul">Jamo</a></code></li>
1416
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Java</a></code></li>
1417
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_writing_system" title="Japanese writing system">Jpan</a></code></li>
1418
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurc</a></code></li>
1419
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kali</a></code></li>
1420
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Kana</a></code></li>
1421
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Khar</a></code></li>
1422
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_alphabet" title="Khmer alphabet">Khmr</a></code></li>
1423
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khojki" title="Khojki">Khoj</a></code></li>
1424
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Kitl</a></code></li>
1425
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Kits</a></code></li>
1426
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannada_alphabet" title="Kannada alphabet">Knda</a></code></li>
1427
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_mixed_script" title="Korean mixed script">Kore</a></code></li>
1428
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpel</a></code></li>
1429
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kthi</a></code></li>
1430
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai_Tham_alphabet" title="Tai Tham alphabet">Lana</a></code></li>
1431
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lao_alphabet" title="Lao alphabet">Laoo</a></code></li>
1432
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Latf</a></code></li>
1433
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Latg</a></code></li>
1434
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latn</a></code></li>
1435
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></code></li>
1436
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepcha_alphabet" title="Lepcha alphabet">Lepc</a></code></li>
1437
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbu_alphabet" title="Limbu alphabet">Limb</a></code></li>
1438
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Lina</a></code></li>
1439
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linb</a></code></li>
1440
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_alphabet" title="Fraser alphabet">Lisu</a></code></li>
1441
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loma_language#Writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></code></li>
1442
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lyci</a></code></li>
1443
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydi</a></code></li>
1444
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahj</a></code></li>
1445
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makassarese_language#Writing_systems" title="Makassarese language">Maka</a></code></li>
1446
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mand</a></code></li>
1447
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manichaean_alphabet" title="Manichaean alphabet">Mani</a></code></li>
1448
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang-Zhung_language#Scripts" title="Zhang-Zhung language">Marc</a></code></li>
1449
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></code></li>
1450
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medf</a></code></li>
1451
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Mend</a></code></li>
1452
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meroitic_alphabet" title="Meroitic alphabet">Merc</a></code></li>
1453
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meroitic_alphabet" title="Meroitic alphabet">Mero</a></code></li>
1454
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Mlym</a></code></li>
1455
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modi_alphabet" title="Modi alphabet">Modi</a></code></li>
1456
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mong</a></code></li>
1457
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon</a></code></li>
1458
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mru_language#Alphabet" title="Mru language">Mroo</a></code></li>
1459
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Mtei</a></code></li>
1460
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multani_alphabet" title="Multani alphabet">Mult</a></code></li>
1461
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_alphabet" title="Burmese alphabet">Mymr</a></code></li>
1462
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Narb</a></code></li>
1463
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabataean_alphabet" title="Nabataean alphabet">Nbat</a></code></li>
1464
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prachalit_Nepal_alphabet" title="Prachalit Nepal alphabet">Newa</a></code></li>
1465
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Nkgb</a></code></li>
1466
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%27Ko_alphabet" title="N&#39;Ko alphabet">Nkoo</a></code></li>
1467
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BCshu_script" title="Nüshu script">Nshu</a></code></li>
1468
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogam</a></code></li>
1469
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_Chiki_alphabet" title="Ol Chiki alphabet">Olck</a></code></li>
1470
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Turkic_alphabet" title="Old Turkic alphabet">Orkh</a></code></li>
1471
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odia_alphabet" title="Odia alphabet">Orya</a></code></li>
1472
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osage_alphabet" title="Osage alphabet">Osge</a></code></li>
1473
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanya_alphabet" title="Osmanya alphabet">Osma</a></code></li>
1474
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyrene_alphabet" title="Palmyrene alphabet">Palm</a></code></li>
1475
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau" title="Pau Cin Hau">Pauc</a></code></li>
1476
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Permic_alphabet" title="Old Permic alphabet">Perm</a></code></li>
1477
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Phags-pa_script" title="&#39;Phags-pa script">Phag</a></code></li>
1478
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Phli</a></code></li>
1479
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Phlp</a></code></li>
1480
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts#Book_Pahlavi" title="Pahlavi scripts">Phlv</a></code></li>
1481
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phnx</a></code></li>
1482
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon_alphabets#KLI_pIqaD" title="Klingon alphabets">Piqd</a></code></li>
1483
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Plrd</a></code></li>
1484
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Prti</a></code></li>
1485
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_15924#Special_codes" title="ISO 15924">Qaaa</a>—<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_15924#Special_codes" title="ISO 15924">Qabx</a></code></li>
1486
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejang_script" title="Rejang script">Rjng</a></code></li>
1487
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rongorongo" title="Rongorongo">Roro</a></code></li>
1488
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runes" title="Runes">Runr</a></code></li>
1489
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritan_alphabet" title="Samaritan alphabet">Samr</a></code></li>
1490
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sara</a></code></li>
1491
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Sarb</a></code></li>
1492
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saurashtra_alphabet" title="Saurashtra alphabet">Saur</a></code></li>
1493
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">Sgnw</a></code></li>
1494
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shaw</a></code></li>
1495
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81rad%C4%81_script" title="Śāradā script">Shrd</a></code></li>
1496
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Sidd</a></code></li>
1497
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Sind</a></code></li>
1498
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinhalese_alphabet" title="Sinhalese alphabet">Sinh</a></code></li>
1499
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_alphabet" title="Sorang Sompeng alphabet">Sora</a></code></li>
1500
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyombo_alphabet" title="Soyombo alphabet">Soyo</a></code></li>
1501
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundanese_alphabet" title="Sundanese alphabet">Sund</a></code></li>
1502
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylheti_Nagari" title="Sylheti Nagari">Sylo</a></code></li>
1503
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syrc</a></code></li>
1504
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Estrangelo_variant" title="Syriac alphabet">Syre</a></code></li>
1505
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Western_variant" title="Syriac alphabet">Syrj</a></code></li>
1506
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Eastern_variant" title="Syriac alphabet">Syrn</a></code></li>
1507
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagbanwa_alphabet" title="Tagbanwa alphabet">Tagb</a></code></li>
1508
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takri_alphabet" title="Takri alphabet">Takr</a></code></li>
1509
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai_Le_alphabet" title="Tai Le alphabet">Tale</a></code></li>
1510
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">Talu</a></code></li>
1511
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Taml</a></code></li>
1512
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tang</a></code></li>
1513
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai_Dam_language#Writing_system" title="Tai Dam language">Tavt</a></code></li>
1514
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telu</a></code></li>
1515
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Teng</a></code></li>
1516
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tfng</a></code></li>
1517
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Tglg</a></code></li>
1518
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaa</a></code></li>
1519
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_alphabet" title="Thai alphabet">Thai</a></code></li>
1520
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_alphabet" title="Tibetan alphabet">Tibt</a></code></li>
1521
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirhuta" title="Tirhuta">Tirh</a></code></li>
1522
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugar</a></code></li>
1523
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vaii</a></code></li>
1524
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visp</a></code></li>
1525
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varang_Kshiti" title="Varang Kshiti">Wara</a></code></li>
1526
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Wole</a></code></li>
1527
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Xpeo</a></code></li>
1528
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneiform_script" title="Cuneiform script">Xsux</a></code></li>
1529
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script">Yiii</a></code></li>
1530
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_writing_systems#Horizontal_square_script" title="Mongolian writing systems">Zanb</a></code></li>
1531
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_15924#Special_codes" title="ISO 15924">Zinh</a></code></li>
1532
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_notation" title="Mathematical notation">Zmth</a></code></li>
1533
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Zsye</a></code></li>
1534
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">Zsym</a></code></li>
1535
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_15924#Special_codes" title="ISO 15924">Zxxx</a></code></li>
1536
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_15924#Special_codes" title="ISO 15924">Zyyy</a></code></li>
1537
+ <li><code><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_15924#Special_codes" title="ISO 15924">Zzzz</a></code></li>
1538
+ </ul>
1539
+ </div>
1540
+ </td>
1541
+ </tr>
1542
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
1543
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1544
+ </tr>
1545
+ <tr style="display: none;">
1546
+ <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2">
1547
+ <div><small>As of 2016-12-05</small></div>
1548
+ </td>
1549
+ </tr>
1550
+ </tbody></table>
1551
+ </div>
1552
+ <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_writing_systems" style="padding:3px">
1553
+ <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit" id="collapsibleTable2">
1554
+ <tbody><tr>
1555
+ <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span class="collapseButton">[<a id="collapseButton2" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#">show</a>]</span>
1556
+ <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini">
1557
+ <ul>
1558
+ <li class="nv-view"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</abbr></a></li>
1559
+ <li class="nv-talk"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template talk:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</abbr></a></li>
1560
+ <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:List_of_writing_systems&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</abbr></a></li>
1561
+ </ul>
1562
+ </div>
1563
+ <div id="Types_of_writing_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a></div>
1564
+ </th>
1565
+ </tr>
1566
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
1567
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1568
+ </tr>
1569
+ <tr style="display: none;">
1570
+ <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
1571
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>
1572
+ <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
1573
+ <tbody><tr>
1574
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th>
1575
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px">
1576
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
1577
+ <ul>
1578
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li>
1579
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li>
1580
+ </ul>
1581
+ </div>
1582
+ </td>
1583
+ </tr>
1584
+ <tr style="height:2px">
1585
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1586
+ </tr>
1587
+ <tr>
1588
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th>
1589
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px">
1590
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
1591
+ <ul>
1592
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a>
1593
+ <ul>
1594
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li>
1595
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_inventors_of_writing_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="List of inventors of writing systems">inventors</a></li>
1596
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li>
1597
+ </ul>
1598
+ </li>
1599
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by_writing_system" title="List of languages by writing system">Languages by writing system</a> / <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li>
1600
+ </ul>
1601
+ </div>
1602
+ </td>
1603
+ </tr>
1604
+ </tbody></table>
1605
+ </td>
1606
+ </tr>
1607
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
1608
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1609
+ </tr>
1610
+ <tr style="display: none;">
1611
+ <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
1612
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>
1613
+ <table class="nowraplinks collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable3">
1614
+ <tbody><tr>
1615
+ <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><span class="collapseButton">[<a id="collapseButton3" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#">hide</a>]</span>
1616
+ <div id="Types" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:105%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></span></div>
1617
+ </th>
1618
+ </tr>
1619
+ <tr style="height:2px">
1620
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1621
+ </tr>
1622
+ <tr>
1623
+ <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
1624
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>
1625
+ <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
1626
+ <tbody><tr>
1627
+ <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
1628
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>
1629
+ <table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable4">
1630
+ <tbody><tr>
1631
+ <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><span class="collapseButton">[<a id="collapseButton4" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#">show</a>]</span>
1632
+ <div id="Abjads" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div>
1633
+ </th>
1634
+ </tr>
1635
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
1636
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1637
+ </tr>
1638
+ <tr style="display: none;">
1639
+ <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
1640
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
1641
+ <ul>
1642
+ <li><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li>
1643
+ </ul>
1644
+ <ul>
1645
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a>
1646
+ <ul>
1647
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li>
1648
+ </ul>
1649
+ </li>
1650
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a></li>
1651
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li>
1652
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a>
1653
+ <ul>
1654
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashuri_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashuri alphabet">Ashuri</a></li>
1655
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li>
1656
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li>
1657
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li>
1658
+ </ul>
1659
+ </li>
1660
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyco-Berber_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyco-Berber script">Libyco-Berber</a></li>
1661
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manichaean_alphabet" title="Manichaean alphabet">Manichaean</a></li>
1662
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabataean_alphabet" title="Nabataean alphabet">Nabataean</a></li>
1663
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_North_Arabian_script" title="Old North Arabian script">Old North Arabian</a></li>
1664
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a></li>
1665
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li>
1666
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegon_alphabet" title="Pegon alphabet">Pegon</a></li>
1667
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a></li>
1668
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li>
1669
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalter_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Psalter alphabet">Psalter</a></li>
1670
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li>
1671
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritan_alphabet" title="Samaritan alphabet">Samaritan</a></li>
1672
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Arabian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="South Arabian alphabet">South Arabian</a>
1673
+ <ul>
1674
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Arabian_alphabet#Zabur_script" class="mw-redirect" title="South Arabian alphabet">Zabur</a></li>
1675
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Arabian_alphabet#Musnad" class="mw-redirect" title="South Arabian alphabet">Musnad</a></li>
1676
+ </ul>
1677
+ </li>
1678
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li>
1679
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a>
1680
+ <ul>
1681
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Classical_.CA.BEEs.E1.B9.ADrang.C4.93l.C4.81" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li>
1682
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Ser.E1.B9.AD.C4.81" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li>
1683
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Ma.E1.B8.8Fn.E1.B8.A5.C4.81y.C4.81" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li>
1684
+ </ul>
1685
+ </li>
1686
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li>
1687
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li>
1688
+ </ul>
1689
+ </div>
1690
+ </td>
1691
+ </tr>
1692
+ </tbody></table>
1693
+ </td>
1694
+ </tr>
1695
+ <tr style="height:2px">
1696
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1697
+ </tr>
1698
+ <tr>
1699
+ <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
1700
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>
1701
+ <table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable5">
1702
+ <tbody><tr>
1703
+ <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><span class="collapseButton">[<a id="collapseButton5" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#">show</a>]</span>
1704
+ <div id="Abugidas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div>
1705
+ </th>
1706
+ </tr>
1707
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
1708
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1709
+ </tr>
1710
+ <tr style="display: none;">
1711
+ <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
1712
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>
1713
+ <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
1714
+ <tbody><tr>
1715
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmic_family_of_scripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmic family of scripts">Brahmic</a></th>
1716
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px">
1717
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>
1718
+ <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
1719
+ <tbody><tr>
1720
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th>
1721
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px">
1722
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
1723
+ <ul>
1724
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assamese_alphabet" title="Assamese alphabet">Ashomiyā</a></li>
1725
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">Bānglā</a></li>
1726
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhaiksuki_alphabet" title="Bhaiksuki alphabet">Bhaikshuki</a></li>
1727
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhujimol" title="Bhujimol">Bhujinmol</a></li>
1728
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brāhmī</a></li>
1729
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanāgarī</a></li>
1730
+ <li>Dogra</li>
1731
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarati_alphabet" title="Gujarati alphabet">Gujarati</a></li>
1732
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li>
1733
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukh%C4%AB_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurmukhī alphabet">Gurmukhī</a></li>
1734
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li>
1735
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalinga_alphabet" title="Kalinga alphabet">Kalinga</a></li>
1736
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khojki" title="Khojki">Khojki</a></li>
1737
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khotanese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Khotanese language">Khotanese</a></li>
1738
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudawadi</a></li>
1739
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li>
1740
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepcha_alphabet" title="Lepcha alphabet">Lepcha</a></li>
1741
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbu_alphabet" title="Limbu alphabet">Limbu</a></li>
1742
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li>
1743
+ <li>Marchen</li>
1744
+ <li>Marchung</li>
1745
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitei_Mayek_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei Mayek alphabet">Meitei Mayek</a></li>
1746
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modi_alphabet" title="Modi alphabet">Modi</a></li>
1747
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multani_alphabet" title="Multani alphabet">Multani</a></li>
1748
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nāgarī</a></li>
1749
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li>
1750
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odia_alphabet" title="Odia alphabet">Odia</a></li>
1751
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Phags-pa_script" title="&#39;Phags-pa script">'Phags-pa</a></li>
1752
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prachalit_Nepal_alphabet" title="Prachalit Nepal alphabet">Newar</a></li>
1753
+ <li>Pungs-chen</li>
1754
+ <li>Pungs-chung</li>
1755
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranjana_alphabet" title="Ranjana alphabet">Ranjana</a></li>
1756
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81rad%C4%81_script" title="Śāradā script">Sharada</a></li>
1757
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saurashtra_alphabet" title="Saurashtra alphabet">Saurashtra</a></li>
1758
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Siddhaṃ alphabet"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Siddhaṃ</span></a></li>
1759
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyombo_alphabet" title="Soyombo alphabet">Soyombo</a></li>
1760
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylheti_Nagari" title="Sylheti Nagari">Sylheti Nagari</a></li>
1761
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takri_alphabet" title="Takri alphabet">Takri</a></li>
1762
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_alphabet" title="Tibetan alphabet">Tibetan</a>
1763
+ <ul>
1764
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li>
1765
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a></li>
1766
+ </ul>
1767
+ </li>
1768
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirhuta" title="Tirhuta">Tirhuta</a></li>
1769
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocharian_alphabet" title="Tocharian alphabet">Tocharian</a></li>
1770
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_alphabets#Horizontal_square_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian alphabets">Zanabazar Square</a></li>
1771
+ </ul>
1772
+ </div>
1773
+ </td>
1774
+ </tr>
1775
+ <tr style="height:2px">
1776
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1777
+ </tr>
1778
+ <tr>
1779
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th>
1780
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px">
1781
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
1782
+ <ul>
1783
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahom_alphabet" title="Ahom alphabet">Ahom</a></li>
1784
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balinese_alphabet" title="Balinese alphabet">Balinese</a></li>
1785
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batak_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li>
1786
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li>
1787
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhattiprolu_alphabet" title="Bhattiprolu alphabet">Bhattiprolu</a></li>
1788
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buhid_alphabet" title="Buhid alphabet">Buhid</a></li>
1789
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese script">Burmese</a></li>
1790
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakma_alphabet" title="Chakma alphabet">Chakma</a></li>
1791
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cham_alphabet" title="Cham alphabet">Cham</a></li>
1792
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grantha_alphabet" title="Grantha alphabet">Grantha</a></li>
1793
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li>
1794
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanun%C3%B3%27o_alphabet" title="Hanunó&#39;o alphabet">Hanunó'o</a></li>
1795
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li>
1796
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadamba_alphabet" title="Kadamba alphabet">Kadamba</a></li>
1797
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannada_alphabet" title="Kannada alphabet">Kannada</a></li>
1798
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li>
1799
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_alphabet" title="Khmer alphabet">Khmer</a></li>
1800
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulitan_alphabet" title="Kulitan alphabet">Kulitan</a></li>
1801
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai_Tham_alphabet" title="Tai Tham alphabet">Lanna</a></li>
1802
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lao_alphabet" title="Lao alphabet">Lao</a></li>
1803
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></li>
1804
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lontara_alphabet" title="Lontara alphabet">Lontara</a></li>
1805
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayalam_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam alphabet">Malayalam</a></li>
1806
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Maldivian</a>
1807
+ <ul>
1808
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li>
1809
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eveyla_Akuru" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li>
1810
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li>
1811
+ </ul>
1812
+ </li>
1813
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Mon alphabet">Mon</a></li>
1814
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li>
1815
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallava_alphabet" title="Pallava alphabet">Pallava</a></li>
1816
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li>
1817
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejang_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang alphabet">Rejang</a></li>
1818
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rencong_alphabet" title="Rencong alphabet">Rencong</a></li>
1819
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinhala_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinhala alphabet">Sinhala</a></li>
1820
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundanese_alphabet" title="Sundanese alphabet">Sundanese</a></li>
1821
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagbanwa_alphabet" title="Tagbanwa alphabet">Tagbanwa</a></li>
1822
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai_Le_alphabet" title="Tai Le alphabet">Tai Le</a></li>
1823
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai_Tham_alphabet" title="Tai Tham alphabet">Tai Tham</a></li>
1824
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li>
1825
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil alphabet">Tamil</a></li>
1826
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li>
1827
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_alphabet" title="Thai alphabet">Thai</a></li>
1828
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigalari_alphabet" title="Tigalari alphabet">Tigalari</a></li>
1829
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatteluttu_alphabet" title="Vatteluttu alphabet">Vatteluttu</a>
1830
+ <ul>
1831
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolezhuthu" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li>
1832
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li>
1833
+ </ul>
1834
+ </li>
1835
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visayan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Visayan alphabet">Visayan</a></li>
1836
+ </ul>
1837
+ </div>
1838
+ </td>
1839
+ </tr>
1840
+ </tbody></table>
1841
+ </td>
1842
+ </tr>
1843
+ <tr style="height:2px">
1844
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1845
+ </tr>
1846
+ <tr>
1847
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th>
1848
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px">
1849
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
1850
+ <ul>
1851
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyd%27s_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd&#39;s syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li>
1852
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a>
1853
+ <ul>
1854
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li>
1855
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9n%C3%A9_syllabics" class="mw-redirect" title="Déné syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li>
1856
+ </ul>
1857
+ </li>
1858
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox I</a></li>
1859
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ge%27ez_script" title="Ge&#39;ez script">Ge'ez</a></li>
1860
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_Lipi" title="Gunjala Gondi Lipi">Gunjala Gondi</a></li>
1861
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li>
1862
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li>
1863
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li>
1864
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li>
1865
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li>
1866
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gondi script">Masaram Gondi</a></li>
1867
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meroitic_alphabet" title="Meroitic alphabet">Meroitic</a></li>
1868
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao</a></li>
1869
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwangwego_alphabet" title="Mwangwego alphabet">Mwangwego</a></li>
1870
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_alphabet" title="Sorang Sompeng alphabet">Sorang Sompeng</a></li>
1871
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li>
1872
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li>
1873
+ </ul>
1874
+ </div>
1875
+ </td>
1876
+ </tr>
1877
+ </tbody></table>
1878
+ </td>
1879
+ </tr>
1880
+ </tbody></table>
1881
+ </td>
1882
+ </tr>
1883
+ <tr style="height:2px">
1884
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1885
+ </tr>
1886
+ <tr>
1887
+ <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
1888
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>
1889
+ <table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable6">
1890
+ <tbody><tr>
1891
+ <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><span class="collapseButton">[<a id="collapseButton6" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#">show</a>]</span>
1892
+ <div id="Alphabets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div>
1893
+ </th>
1894
+ </tr>
1895
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
1896
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
1897
+ </tr>
1898
+ <tr style="display: none;">
1899
+ <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
1900
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>
1901
+ <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
1902
+ <tbody><tr>
1903
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th>
1904
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px">
1905
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
1906
+ <ul>
1907
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhaz_alphabet" title="Abkhaz alphabet">Abkhaz</a></li>
1908
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fula_alphabets#Adlam_alphabet" title="Fula alphabets">Adlam</a></li>
1909
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li>
1910
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a></li>
1911
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li>
1912
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassa_alphabet" title="Bassa alphabet">Bassa Vah</a></li>
1913
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borama_alphabet" title="Borama alphabet">Borama</a></li>
1914
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li>
1915
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_alphabet" title="Caucasian Albanian alphabet">Caucasian Albanian</a></li>
1916
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li>
1917
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li>
1918
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a></li>
1919
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li>
1920
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a>
1921
+ <ul>
1922
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook writing</a></li>
1923
+ </ul>
1924
+ </li>
1925
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early Cyrillic</a></li>
1926
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li>
1927
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbasan_alphabet" title="Elbasan alphabet">Elbasan</a></li>
1928
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li>
1929
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li>
1930
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox II</a></li>
1931
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_alphabet" title="Fraser alphabet">Fraser</a></li>
1932
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li>
1933
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolof_language#Orthography_and_pronunciation" title="Wolof language">Garay</a></li>
1934
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a>
1935
+ <ul>
1936
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li>
1937
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li>
1938
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li>
1939
+ </ul>
1940
+ </li>
1941
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glagolitic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic alphabet">Glagolitic</a></li>
1942
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li>
1943
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li>
1944
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a></li>
1945
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li>
1946
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li>
1947
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li>
1948
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaddare_alphabet" title="Kaddare alphabet">Kaddare</a></li>
1949
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a>
1950
+ <ul>
1951
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li>
1952
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li>
1953
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li>
1954
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li>
1955
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li>
1956
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li>
1957
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li>
1958
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li>
1959
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li>
1960
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li>
1961
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li>
1962
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li>
1963
+ </ul>
1964
+ </li>
1965
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luo_script" title="Luo script">Luo</a></li>
1966
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li>
1967
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li>
1968
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li>
1969
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li>
1970
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li>
1971
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Mongolian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Mongolian alphabet">Mongolian</a></li>
1972
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mru_language#Alphabet" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li>
1973
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Tifinagh" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Tifinagh">Neo-Tifinagh</a></li>
1974
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li>
1975
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%27Ko_alphabet" title="N&#39;Ko alphabet">N'Ko</a></li>
1976
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li>
1977
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_Script" class="mw-redirect" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li>
1978
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_Chiki_alphabet" title="Ol Chiki alphabet">Ol Chiki</a></li>
1979
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Hungarian_alphabet" title="Old Hungarian alphabet">Old Hungarian</a></li>
1980
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Italic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Italic alphabet">Old Italic</a></li>
1981
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Permic_alphabet" title="Old Permic alphabet">Old Permic</a></li>
1982
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Turkic_alphabet" title="Old Turkic alphabet">Orkhon</a></li>
1983
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a></li>
1984
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osage_alphabet" title="Osage alphabet">Osage</a></li>
1985
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanya_alphabet" title="Osmanya alphabet">Osmanya</a></li>
1986
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li>
1987
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohingya_language#Hanifi_script" title="Rohingya language">Rohingya Hanifi</a></li>
1988
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Runic alphabet">Runic</a>
1989
+ <ul>
1990
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li>
1991
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li>
1992
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li>
1993
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li>
1994
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li>
1995
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li>
1996
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li>
1997
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li>
1998
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li>
1999
+ </ul>
2000
+ </li>
2001
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidetic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidetic script">Sidetic</a></li>
2002
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li>
2003
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Somali alphabet">Somali</a></li>
2004
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li>
2005
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li>
2006
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li>
2007
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li>
2008
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vithkuqi_alphabet" title="Vithkuqi alphabet">Vithkuqi</a></li>
2009
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaghawa_alphabet" title="Zaghawa alphabet">Zaghawa</a></li>
2010
+ </ul>
2011
+ </div>
2012
+ </td>
2013
+ </tr>
2014
+ <tr style="height:2px">
2015
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2016
+ </tr>
2017
+ <tr>
2018
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th>
2019
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px">
2020
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2021
+ <ul>
2022
+ <li><strong class="selflink">Braille</strong></li>
2023
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li>
2024
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse code</a></li>
2025
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li>
2026
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semaphore_line" title="Semaphore line">Semaphore line</a></li>
2027
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li>
2028
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li>
2029
+ </ul>
2030
+ </div>
2031
+ </td>
2032
+ </tr>
2033
+ </tbody></table>
2034
+ </td>
2035
+ </tr>
2036
+ </tbody></table>
2037
+ </td>
2038
+ </tr>
2039
+ <tr style="height:2px">
2040
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2041
+ </tr>
2042
+ <tr>
2043
+ <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
2044
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>
2045
+ <table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable7">
2046
+ <tbody><tr>
2047
+ <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><span class="collapseButton">[<a id="collapseButton7" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#">show</a>]</span>
2048
+ <div id="Ideograms.2FPictograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a>/<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">Pictograms</a></div>
2049
+ </th>
2050
+ </tr>
2051
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
2052
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2053
+ </tr>
2054
+ <tr style="display: none;">
2055
+ <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
2056
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2057
+ <ul>
2058
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li>
2059
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_writing" title="Aztec writing">Aztec</a></li>
2060
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbol</a></li>
2061
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li>
2062
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li>
2063
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li>
2064
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IConji" title="IConji">IConji</a></li>
2065
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li>
2066
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li>
2067
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%27kmaq_hieroglyphic_writing" title="Mi&#39;kmaq hieroglyphic writing">Míkmaq</a></li>
2068
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li>
2069
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li>
2070
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li>
2071
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Ojibwe_.22hieroglyphs.22" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe Hieroglyphs</a></li>
2072
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li>
2073
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li>
2074
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li>
2075
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li>
2076
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapotec_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li>
2077
+ </ul>
2078
+ </div>
2079
+ </td>
2080
+ </tr>
2081
+ </tbody></table>
2082
+ </td>
2083
+ </tr>
2084
+ <tr style="height:2px">
2085
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2086
+ </tr>
2087
+ <tr>
2088
+ <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
2089
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>
2090
+ <table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable8">
2091
+ <tbody><tr>
2092
+ <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><span class="collapseButton">[<a id="collapseButton8" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#">show</a>]</span>
2093
+ <div id="Logograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div>
2094
+ </th>
2095
+ </tr>
2096
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
2097
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2098
+ </tr>
2099
+ <tr style="display: none;">
2100
+ <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
2101
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>
2102
+ <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
2103
+ <tbody><tr>
2104
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th>
2105
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px">
2106
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>
2107
+ <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
2108
+ <tbody><tr>
2109
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese Characters</a></th>
2110
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px">
2111
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2112
+ <ul>
2113
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li>
2114
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li>
2115
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li>
2116
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze Script</a></li>
2117
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal Script</a>
2118
+ <ul>
2119
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Seal_Script" title="Large Seal Script">large</a></li>
2120
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Seal_Script" title="Small Seal Script">small</a></li>
2121
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird-worm_seal_script" title="Bird-worm seal script">bird-worm</a></li>
2122
+ </ul>
2123
+ </li>
2124
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li>
2125
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idu_script" title="Idu script">Idu</a></li>
2126
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li>
2127
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ nôm</a></li>
2128
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Zhuang</a></li>
2129
+ </ul>
2130
+ </div>
2131
+ </td>
2132
+ </tr>
2133
+ <tr style="height:2px">
2134
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2135
+ </tr>
2136
+ <tr>
2137
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th>
2138
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px">
2139
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2140
+ <ul>
2141
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li>
2142
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li>
2143
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sui_language#Script" title="Sui language">Sui</a></li>
2144
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li>
2145
+ </ul>
2146
+ </div>
2147
+ </td>
2148
+ </tr>
2149
+ </tbody></table>
2150
+ </td>
2151
+ </tr>
2152
+ <tr style="height:2px">
2153
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2154
+ </tr>
2155
+ <tr>
2156
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th>
2157
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px">
2158
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2159
+ <ul>
2160
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li>
2161
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li>
2162
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li>
2163
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li>
2164
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li>
2165
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumerian cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li>
2166
+ </ul>
2167
+ </div>
2168
+ </td>
2169
+ </tr>
2170
+ <tr style="height:2px">
2171
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2172
+ </tr>
2173
+ <tr>
2174
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logo-syllabic</th>
2175
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px">
2176
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2177
+ <ul>
2178
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li>
2179
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li>
2180
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li>
2181
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li>
2182
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li>
2183
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Elamite_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li>
2184
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li>
2185
+ </ul>
2186
+ </div>
2187
+ </td>
2188
+ </tr>
2189
+ <tr style="height:2px">
2190
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2191
+ </tr>
2192
+ <tr>
2193
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logo-consonantal</th>
2194
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px">
2195
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2196
+ <ul>
2197
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li>
2198
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li>
2199
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li>
2200
+ </ul>
2201
+ </div>
2202
+ </td>
2203
+ </tr>
2204
+ <tr style="height:2px">
2205
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2206
+ </tr>
2207
+ <tr>
2208
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th>
2209
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px">
2210
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2211
+ <ul>
2212
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li>
2213
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li>
2214
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li>
2215
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li>
2216
+ </ul>
2217
+ </div>
2218
+ </td>
2219
+ </tr>
2220
+ </tbody></table>
2221
+ </td>
2222
+ </tr>
2223
+ </tbody></table>
2224
+ </td>
2225
+ </tr>
2226
+ <tr style="height:2px">
2227
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2228
+ </tr>
2229
+ <tr>
2230
+ <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
2231
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>
2232
+ <table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable9">
2233
+ <tbody><tr>
2234
+ <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><span class="collapseButton">[<a id="collapseButton9" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#">show</a>]</span>
2235
+ <div id="Semi-syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-syllabary" title="Semi-syllabary">Semi-syllabaries</a></div>
2236
+ </th>
2237
+ </tr>
2238
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
2239
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2240
+ </tr>
2241
+ <tr style="display: none;">
2242
+ <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
2243
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>
2244
+ <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
2245
+ <tbody><tr>
2246
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th>
2247
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px">
2248
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2249
+ <ul>
2250
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li>
2251
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern Iberian</a></li>
2252
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern Iberian</a></li>
2253
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khom_script" title="Khom script">Khom</a></li>
2254
+ </ul>
2255
+ </div>
2256
+ </td>
2257
+ </tr>
2258
+ <tr style="height:2px">
2259
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2260
+ </tr>
2261
+ <tr>
2262
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th>
2263
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px">
2264
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2265
+ <ul>
2266
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca</a></li>
2267
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li>
2268
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li>
2269
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li>
2270
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Zhùyīn fúhào</a></li>
2271
+ </ul>
2272
+ </div>
2273
+ </td>
2274
+ </tr>
2275
+ </tbody></table>
2276
+ </td>
2277
+ </tr>
2278
+ </tbody></table>
2279
+ </td>
2280
+ </tr>
2281
+ <tr style="height:2px">
2282
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2283
+ </tr>
2284
+ <tr>
2285
+ <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
2286
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>
2287
+ <table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable10">
2288
+ <tbody><tr>
2289
+ <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><span class="collapseButton">[<a id="collapseButton10" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#">show</a>]</span>
2290
+ <div id="Syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></div>
2291
+ </th>
2292
+ </tr>
2293
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
2294
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2295
+ </tr>
2296
+ <tr style="display: none;">
2297
+ <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
2298
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2299
+ <ul>
2300
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li>
2301
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li>
2302
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_syllabary" title="Bété syllabary">Bété</a></li>
2303
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li>
2304
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li>
2305
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li>
2306
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li>
2307
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li>
2308
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Geba</a></li>
2309
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics</a></li>
2310
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iban_language#Alphabet" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li>
2311
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Japanese</a>
2312
+ <ul>
2313
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li>
2314
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li>
2315
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man&#39;yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li>
2316
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li>
2317
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sogana" title="Sogana">Sogana</a></li>
2318
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li>
2319
+ </ul>
2320
+ </li>
2321
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mende_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Mende script">Kikakui</a></li>
2322
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li>
2323
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li>
2324
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li>
2325
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisu_language#Lisu_syllabary" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li>
2326
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loma_language#writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></li>
2327
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BCshu_script" title="Nüshu script">Nüshu</a></li>
2328
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li>
2329
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian Cuneiform</a></li>
2330
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li>
2331
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li>
2332
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_script#Modern_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Modern)</a></li>
2333
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li>
2334
+ </ul>
2335
+ </div>
2336
+ </td>
2337
+ </tr>
2338
+ </tbody></table>
2339
+ </td>
2340
+ </tr>
2341
+ </tbody></table>
2342
+ </td>
2343
+ </tr>
2344
+ </tbody></table>
2345
+ </td>
2346
+ </tr>
2347
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
2348
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2349
+ </tr>
2350
+ <tr style="display: none;">
2351
+ <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
2352
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>
2353
+ <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable11">
2354
+ <tbody><tr>
2355
+ <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span class="collapseButton">[<a id="collapseButton11" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#">show</a>]</span>
2356
+ <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini">
2357
+ <ul>
2358
+ <li class="nv-view"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</abbr></a></li>
2359
+ <li class="nv-talk"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</abbr></a></li>
2360
+ <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Braille&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</abbr></a></li>
2361
+ </ul>
2362
+ </div>
2363
+ <div id="Braille_.C2.A0.E2.A0.83.E2.A0.97.E2.A0.81.E2.A0.8A.E2.A0.87.E2.A0.87.E2.A0.91" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><strong class="selflink">Braille <span style="padding-left:0.5em;">&nbsp;</span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</strong></div>
2364
+ </th>
2365
+ </tr>
2366
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
2367
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2368
+ </tr>
2369
+ <tr style="display: none;">
2370
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Braille cell</th>
2371
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
2372
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2373
+ <ul>
2374
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></li>
2375
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></li>
2376
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></li>
2377
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></li>
2378
+ </ul>
2379
+ </div>
2380
+ </td>
2381
+ </tr>
2382
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
2383
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2384
+ </tr>
2385
+ <tr style="display: none;">
2386
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Braille scripts</th>
2387
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
2388
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>
2389
+ <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
2390
+ <tbody><tr>
2391
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered scripts</a><br>
2392
+ (see for more)</th>
2393
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
2394
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2395
+ <ul>
2396
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></li>
2397
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amharic_Braille" title="Amharic Braille">Amharic</a></li>
2398
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></li>
2399
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></li>
2400
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></li>
2401
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></li>
2402
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati</a>
2403
+ <ul>
2404
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi &nbsp;/ Marathi &nbsp;/ Nepali)</a></li>
2405
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali</a></li>
2406
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></li>
2407
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinhalese_Braille" title="Sinhalese Braille">Sinhalese</a></li>
2408
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></li>
2409
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a></li>
2410
+ <li><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Bharati_braille_alphabets" title="Category:Bharati braille alphabets">etc.</a></i></li>
2411
+ </ul>
2412
+ </li>
2413
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></li>
2414
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></li>
2415
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian_Braille" title="Cambodian Braille">Cambodian</a></li>
2416
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></li>
2417
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></li>
2418
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese</a> (Mandarin, mainland)</li>
2419
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></li>
2420
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></li>
2421
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</li>
2422
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</li>
2423
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></li>
2424
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></li>
2425
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></li>
2426
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></li>
2427
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></li>
2428
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></li>
2429
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></li>
2430
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></li>
2431
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></li>
2432
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></li>
2433
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></li>
2434
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></li>
2435
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></li>
2436
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</li>
2437
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></li>
2438
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></li>
2439
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></li>
2440
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></li>
2441
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></li>
2442
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></li>
2443
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></li>
2444
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></li>
2445
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></li>
2446
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></li>
2447
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></li>
2448
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></li>
2449
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Sami_Braille" title="Northern Sami Braille">Northern Sami</a></li>
2450
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></li>
2451
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></li>
2452
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></li>
2453
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></li>
2454
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></li>
2455
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></li>
2456
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></li>
2457
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></li>
2458
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></li>
2459
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></li>
2460
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></li>
2461
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></li>
2462
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</li>
2463
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai &amp; Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</li>
2464
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></li>
2465
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></li>
2466
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></li>
2467
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></li>
2468
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></li>
2469
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></li>
2470
+ </ul>
2471
+ </div>
2472
+ </td>
2473
+ </tr>
2474
+ <tr style="height:2px">
2475
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2476
+ </tr>
2477
+ <tr>
2478
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Reordered scripts</th>
2479
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
2480
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2481
+ <ul>
2482
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</li>
2483
+ </ul>
2484
+ </div>
2485
+ </td>
2486
+ </tr>
2487
+ <tr style="height:2px">
2488
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2489
+ </tr>
2490
+ <tr>
2491
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Frequency-based scripts</th>
2492
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
2493
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2494
+ <ul>
2495
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</li>
2496
+ </ul>
2497
+ </div>
2498
+ </td>
2499
+ </tr>
2500
+ <tr style="height:2px">
2501
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2502
+ </tr>
2503
+ <tr>
2504
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Independent scripts</th>
2505
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
2506
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2507
+ <ul>
2508
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></li>
2509
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></li>
2510
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-Cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-Cell Chinese Braille">Two-Cell Chinese</a></li>
2511
+ </ul>
2512
+ </div>
2513
+ </td>
2514
+ </tr>
2515
+ <tr style="height:2px">
2516
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2517
+ </tr>
2518
+ <tr>
2519
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Eight-dot scripts</th>
2520
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
2521
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2522
+ <ul>
2523
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></li>
2524
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></li>
2525
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</li>
2526
+ </ul>
2527
+ </div>
2528
+ </td>
2529
+ </tr>
2530
+ </tbody></table>
2531
+ </td>
2532
+ </tr>
2533
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
2534
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2535
+ </tr>
2536
+ <tr style="display: none;">
2537
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Symbols in braille</th>
2538
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
2539
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2540
+ <ul>
2541
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></li>
2542
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></li>
2543
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></li>
2544
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8/GS6)</li>
2545
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</li>
2546
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></li>
2547
+ </ul>
2548
+ </div>
2549
+ </td>
2550
+ </tr>
2551
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
2552
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2553
+ </tr>
2554
+ <tr style="display: none;">
2555
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th>
2556
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
2557
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2558
+ <ul>
2559
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></li>
2560
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></li>
2561
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></li>
2562
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></li>
2563
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></li>
2564
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></li>
2565
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></li>
2566
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></li>
2567
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></li>
2568
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></li>
2569
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></li>
2570
+ </ul>
2571
+ </div>
2572
+ </td>
2573
+ </tr>
2574
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
2575
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2576
+ </tr>
2577
+ <tr style="display: none;">
2578
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Persons</th>
2579
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
2580
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2581
+ <ul>
2582
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></li>
2583
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></li>
2584
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></li>
2585
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></li>
2586
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></li>
2587
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></li>
2588
+ </ul>
2589
+ </div>
2590
+ </td>
2591
+ </tr>
2592
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
2593
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2594
+ </tr>
2595
+ <tr style="display: none;">
2596
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Organisations</th>
2597
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
2598
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2599
+ <ul>
2600
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></li>
2601
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></li>
2602
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></li>
2603
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></li>
2604
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></li>
2605
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></li>
2606
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></li>
2607
+ </ul>
2608
+ </div>
2609
+ </td>
2610
+ </tr>
2611
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
2612
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2613
+ </tr>
2614
+ <tr style="display: none;">
2615
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Other <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th>
2616
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
2617
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2618
+ <ul>
2619
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></li>
2620
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li>
2621
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li>
2622
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></li>
2623
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></li>
2624
+ </ul>
2625
+ </div>
2626
+ </td>
2627
+ </tr>
2628
+ <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">
2629
+ <td colspan="2"></td>
2630
+ </tr>
2631
+ <tr style="display: none;">
2632
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Related topics</th>
2633
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
2634
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2635
+ <ul>
2636
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></li>
2637
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></li>
2638
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></li>
2639
+ </ul>
2640
+ </div>
2641
+ </td>
2642
+ </tr>
2643
+ </tbody></table>
2644
+ </td>
2645
+ </tr>
2646
+ </tbody></table>
2647
+ </div>
2648
+ <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px">
2649
+ <table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit">
2650
+ <tbody><tr>
2651
+ <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a></th>
2652
+ <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
2653
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
2654
+ <ul>
2655
+ <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4145976-3">4145976-3</a></span></span></li>
2656
+ <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Diet_Library" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00572882">00572882</a></span></span></li>
2657
+ </ul>
2658
+ </div>
2659
+ </td>
2660
+ </tr>
2661
+ </tbody></table>
2662
+ </div>
2663
+
2664
+
2665
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2666
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2672
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2677
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2678
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2679
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2680
+ Lua memory usage: 5.73 MB/50 MB
2681
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2682
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2683
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2684
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2689
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2690
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2691
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2692
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2693
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2695
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2696
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2697
+ -->
2698
+ <noscript>&lt;img src="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;" /&gt;</noscript></div> <div class="printfooter">
2699
+ Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;oldid=770165277">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;oldid=770165277</a>" </div>
2700
+ <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Scripts_with_ISO_15924_four-letter_codes" title="Category:Scripts with ISO 15924 four-letter codes">Scripts with ISO 15924 four-letter codes</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Braille" title="Category:Braille">Braille</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Assistive_technology" title="Category:Assistive technology">Assistive technology</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Augmentative_and_alternative_communication" title="Category:Augmentative and alternative communication">Augmentative and alternative communication</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Blindness" title="Category:Blindness">Blindness</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Character_sets" title="Category:Character sets">Character sets</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Latin-alphabet_representations" title="Category:Latin-alphabet representations">Latin-alphabet representations</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:French_inventions" title="Category:French inventions">French inventions</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Digital_typography" title="Category:Digital typography">Digital typography</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1824_introductions" title="Category:1824 introductions">1824 introductions</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Scripts_encoded_in_Unicode_3.0" title="Category:Scripts encoded in Unicode 3.0">Scripts encoded in Unicode 3.0</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_external_links" title="Category:CS1 errors: external links">CS1 errors: external links</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_BOT:_original-url_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown">CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Category:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Spoken_articles" title="Category:Spoken articles">Spoken articles</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_November_2011" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2011">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2011</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2016" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2011" title="Category:Use dmy dates from February 2011">Use dmy dates from February 2011</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_GND_identifiers" title="Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers">Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="visualClear"></div>
2701
+ </div>
2702
+ </div>
2703
+ <div id="mw-navigation">
2704
+ <h2>Navigation menu</h2>
2705
+
2706
+ <div id="mw-head">
2707
+ <div id="p-personal" role="navigation" class="" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label">
2708
+ <h3 id="p-personal-label">Personal tools</h3>
2709
+ <ul>
2710
+ <li id="pt-anonuserpage">Not logged in</li><li id="pt-anontalk"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-option-n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-option-y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Braille&amp;returntoquery=oldformat%3Dtrue" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory">Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Braille&amp;returntoquery=oldformat%3Dtrue" title="You&#39;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#39;s not mandatory. [ctrl-option-o]" accesskey="o">Log in</a></li> </ul>
2711
+ </div>
2712
+ <div id="left-navigation">
2713
+ <div id="p-namespaces" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label">
2714
+ <h3 id="p-namespaces-label">Namespaces</h3>
2715
+ <ul>
2716
+ <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected"><span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="View the content page [ctrl-option-c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></span></li>
2717
+ <li id="ca-talk"><span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Braille" title="Discussion about the content page [ctrl-option-t]" accesskey="t" rel="discussion">Talk</a></span></li>
2718
+ </ul>
2719
+ </div>
2720
+ <div id="p-variants" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label">
2721
+ <h3 id="p-variants-label" tabindex="0">
2722
+ <span>Variants</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#" tabindex="-1"></a>
2723
+ </h3>
2724
+
2725
+ <div class="menu">
2726
+ <ul>
2727
+ </ul>
2728
+ </div>
2729
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2730
+ </div>
2731
+ <div id="right-navigation">
2732
+ <div id="p-views" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-views-label">
2733
+ <h3 id="p-views-label">Views</h3>
2734
+ <ul>
2735
+ <li id="ca-view" class="selected"><span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille">Read</a></span></li>
2736
+ <li id="ca-edit"><span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [ctrl-option-e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></span></li>
2737
+ <li id="ca-history" class="collapsible"><span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [ctrl-option-h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></span></li>
2738
+ </ul>
2739
+ </div>
2740
+ <div id="p-cactions" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label">
2741
+ <h3 id="p-cactions-label" tabindex="0"><span>More</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille?oldformat=true#" tabindex="-1"></a></h3>
2742
+
2743
+ <div class="menu">
2744
+ <ul>
2745
+ </ul>
2746
+ </div>
2747
+ </div>
2748
+ <div id="p-search" role="search">
2749
+ <h3>
2750
+ <label for="searchInput">Search</label>
2751
+ </h3>
2752
+
2753
+ <form action="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php" id="searchform">
2754
+ <div id="simpleSearch">
2755
+ <input type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" title="Search Wikipedia [ctrl-option-f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" tabindex="1" autocomplete="off"><input type="hidden" value="Special:Search" name="title"><input type="submit" name="go" value="Go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if it exists" id="searchButton" class="searchButton"> </div>
2756
+ </form>
2757
+ </div>
2758
+ </div>
2759
+ </div>
2760
+ <div id="mw-panel">
2761
+ <div id="p-logo" role="banner"><a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page"></a></div>
2762
+ <div class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-navigation" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label">
2763
+ <h3 id="p-navigation-label">Navigation</h3>
2764
+
2765
+ <div class="body">
2766
+ <ul>
2767
+ <li id="n-mainpage-description"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [ctrl-option-z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-featuredcontent"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Featured_content" title="Featured content – the best of Wikipedia">Featured content</a></li><li id="n-currentevents"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Find background information on current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random" title="Load a random article [ctrl-option-x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-sitesupport"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" title="Support us">Donate to Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-shoplink"><a href="https://shop.wikimedia.org/" title="Visit the Wikipedia store">Wikipedia store</a></li> </ul>
2768
+ </div>
2769
+ </div>
2770
+ <div class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-interaction" aria-labelledby="p-interaction-label">
2771
+ <h3 id="p-interaction-label">Interaction</h3>
2772
+
2773
+ <div class="body">
2774
+ <ul>
2775
+ <li id="n-help"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Find out about Wikipedia">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-portal"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-option-r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-contactpage"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact page</a></li> </ul>
2776
+ </div>
2777
+ </div>
2778
+ <div class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-tb" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label">
2779
+ <h3 id="p-tb-label">Tools</h3>
2780
+
2781
+ <div class="body">
2782
+ <ul>
2783
+ <li id="t-whatlinkshere"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Braille" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-option-j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Braille" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-option-k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [ctrl-option-u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [ctrl-option-q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;oldid=770165277" title="Permanent link to this revision of the page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-wikibase"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79894" title="Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-option-g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li><li id="t-cite"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&amp;page=Braille&amp;id=770165277" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li> </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-coll-print_export" aria-labelledby="p-coll-print_export-label">
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+ <h3 id="p-coll-print_export-label">Print/export</h3>
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+ <div class="body">
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+ <ul>
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+ <li id="coll-create_a_book"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Braille">Create a book</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rdf2latex"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&amp;bookcmd=render_article&amp;arttitle=Braille&amp;returnto=Braille&amp;oldid=770165277&amp;writer=rdf2latex">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille&amp;printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [ctrl-option-p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul>
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+ <div class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label">
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+ <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label">In other projects</h3>
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+
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+ <div class="body">
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+ <ul>
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+ <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Braille" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li> </ul>
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+ <div class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-lang" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label"><span class="uls-settings-trigger" title="Language settings" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-haspopup="true"></span>
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+ <h3 id="p-lang-label">Languages</h3>
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+ <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84" title="بريل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brayl_%C9%99lifbas%C4%B1" title="Brayl əlifbası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="ব্রেইল পদ্ধতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%B2ng-j%C4%AB" title="Phòng-jī – Chinese (Min Nan)" lang="zh-min-nan" hreflang="zh-min-nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Брайлова азбука – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%88%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%87%C4%95" title="Брайль шрифчĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braillovo_p%C3%ADsmo" title="Braillovo písmo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille-alfabetet" title="Braille-alfabetet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brailleschrift" title="Brailleschrift – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_kiri" title="Braille kiri – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%B3" title="Κώδικας Μπράιγ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_(lectura)" title="Braille (lectura) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brajlo" title="Brajlo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84" title="بریل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%90%EC%9E%90" title="점자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Բրեյլի գրեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="ब्रेल पद्धति – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brailleovo_pismo" title="Brailleovo pismo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindraletur" title="Blindraletur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C" title="כתב ברייל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ბრაილის შრიფტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scriptura_Braille" title="Scriptura Braille – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braila_raksts" title="Braila raksts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akl%C5%B3j%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Aklųjų raštas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille-%C3%ADr%C3%A1s" title="Braille-írás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Брајова азбука – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF" title="ബ്രെയിൽ ലിപി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="ब्रेल लिपी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ბრაილიშ შრიფტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90" title="မျက်မမြင် သင်္ကေတ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%B9%E5%AD%97" title="点字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punktskrift" title="Punktskrift – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punktskrift" title="Punktskrift – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brayl_shrifti" title="Brayl shrifti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2" title="ਬਰੇਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84" title="بریل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_Braille%E2%80%99a" title="Alfabet Braille’a – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetul_Braille" title="Alfabetul Braille – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Шрифт Брайля – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braj" title="Braj – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braillovo_p%C3%ADsmo" title="Braillovo písmo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braillova_pisava" title="Braillova pisava – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Брајева азбука – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brailleovo_pismo" title="Brailleovo pismo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistekirjoitus" title="Pistekirjoitus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punktskrift" title="Punktskrift – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="புடையெழுத்து – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tira_n_Braille" title="Tira n Braille – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%88%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Брайль шрифты – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча/tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF" title="బ్రెయిలీ లిపి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="อักษรเบรลล์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_alfabesi" title="Braille alfabesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Шрифт Брайля – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%85" title="بریل سسٹم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_Braille" title="Chữ Braille – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87" title="盲文 – Classical Chinese" lang="zh-classical" hreflang="zh-classical" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%B8%E5%AD%97" title="凸字 – Cantonese" lang="zh-yue" hreflang="zh-yue" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87" title="盲文 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul>
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