ibm_db 4.0.0-x86-mingw32 → 5.1.0-x86-mingw32

data/test/cases/defaults_test.rb

@@ -1,218 +1,219 @@
-require "cases/helper"
-require 'support/schema_dumping_helper'
-require 'models/default'
-require 'models/entrant'
-
-class DefaultTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
-  def test_nil_defaults_for_not_null_columns
-    %w(id name course_id).each do |name|
-      column = Entrant.columns_hash[name]
-      assert !column.null, "#{name} column should be NOT NULL"
-      assert_not column.default, "#{name} column should be DEFAULT 'nil'"
-    end
-  end
-
-  if current_adapter?(:PostgreSQLAdapter)
-    def test_multiline_default_text
-      record = Default.new
-      # older postgres versions represent the default with escapes ("\\012" for a newline)
-      assert("--- []\n\n" == record.multiline_default || "--- []\\012\\012" == record.multiline_default)
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-class DefaultNumbersTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
-  class DefaultNumber < ActiveRecord::Base; end
-
-  setup do
-    @connection = ActiveRecord::Base.connection
-    @connection.create_table :default_numbers do |t|
-      t.integer :positive_integer, default: 7
-      t.integer :negative_integer, default: -5
-      t.decimal :decimal_number, default: "2.78", precision: 5, scale: 2
-    end
-  end
-
-  teardown do
-    @connection.drop_table :default_numbers, if_exists: true
-  end
-
-  def test_default_positive_integer
-    record = DefaultNumber.new
-    assert_equal 7, record.positive_integer
-    assert_equal "7", record.positive_integer_before_type_cast
-  end
-
-  def test_default_negative_integer
-    record = DefaultNumber.new
-    assert_equal (-5), record.negative_integer
-    assert_equal "-5", record.negative_integer_before_type_cast
-  end
-
-  def test_default_decimal_number
-    record = DefaultNumber.new
-    assert_equal BigDecimal.new("2.78"), record.decimal_number
-    assert_equal "2.78", record.decimal_number_before_type_cast
-  end
-end
-
-class DefaultStringsTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
-  class DefaultString < ActiveRecord::Base; end
-
-  setup do
-    @connection = ActiveRecord::Base.connection
-    @connection.create_table :default_strings do |t|
-      t.string :string_col, default: "Smith"
-      t.string :string_col_with_quotes, default: "O'Connor"
-    end
-    DefaultString.reset_column_information
-  end
-
-  def test_default_strings
-    assert_equal "Smith", DefaultString.new.string_col
-  end
-
-  def test_default_strings_containing_single_quotes
-    assert_equal "O'Connor", DefaultString.new.string_col_with_quotes
-  end
-
-  teardown do
-    @connection.drop_table :default_strings
-  end
-end
-
-if current_adapter?(:PostgreSQLAdapter)
-  class PostgresqlDefaultExpressionTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
-    include SchemaDumpingHelper
-
-    test "schema dump includes default expression" do
-      output = dump_table_schema("defaults")
-      assert_match %r/t\.date\s+"modified_date",\s+default: -> { "\('now'::text\)::date" }/, output
-      assert_match %r/t\.date\s+"modified_date_function",\s+default: -> { "now\(\)" }/, output
-      assert_match %r/t\.datetime\s+"modified_time",\s+default: -> { "now\(\)" }/, output
-      assert_match %r/t\.datetime\s+"modified_time_function",\s+default: -> { "now\(\)" }/, output
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-if current_adapter?(:Mysql2Adapter)
-  class MysqlDefaultExpressionTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
-    include SchemaDumpingHelper
-
-    if ActiveRecord::Base.connection.version >= '5.6.0'
-      test "schema dump includes default expression" do
-        output = dump_table_schema("datetime_defaults")
-        assert_match %r/t\.datetime\s+"modified_datetime",\s+default: -> { "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP" }/, output
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  class DefaultsTestWithoutTransactionalFixtures < ActiveRecord::TestCase
-    # ActiveRecord::Base#create! (and #save and other related methods) will
-    # open a new transaction. When in transactional tests mode, this will
-    # cause Active Record to create a new savepoint. However, since MySQL doesn't
-    # support DDL transactions, creating a table will result in any created
-    # savepoints to be automatically released. This in turn causes the savepoint
-    # release code in AbstractAdapter#transaction to fail.
-    #
-    # We don't want that to happen, so we disable transactional tests here.
-    self.use_transactional_tests = false
-
-    def using_strict(strict)
-      connection = ActiveRecord::Base.remove_connection
-      ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection connection.merge(strict: strict)
-      yield
-    ensure
-      ActiveRecord::Base.remove_connection
-      ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection connection
-    end
-
-    # MySQL cannot have defaults on text/blob columns. It reports the
-    # default value as null.
-    #
-    # Despite this, in non-strict mode, MySQL will use an empty string
-    # as the default value of the field, if no other value is
-    # specified.
-    #
-    # Therefore, in non-strict mode, we want column.default to report
-    # an empty string as its default, to be consistent with that.
-    #
-    # In strict mode, column.default should be nil.
-    def test_mysql_text_not_null_defaults_non_strict
-      using_strict(false) do
-        with_text_blob_not_null_table do |klass|
-          record = klass.new
-          assert_equal '', record.non_null_blob
-          assert_equal '', record.non_null_text
-
-          assert_nil record.null_blob
-          assert_nil record.null_text
-
-          record.save!
-          record.reload
-
-          assert_equal '', record.non_null_text
-          assert_equal '', record.non_null_blob
-
-          assert_nil record.null_text
-          assert_nil record.null_blob
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    def test_mysql_text_not_null_defaults_strict
-      using_strict(true) do
-        with_text_blob_not_null_table do |klass|
-          record = klass.new
-          assert_nil record.non_null_blob
-          assert_nil record.non_null_text
-          assert_nil record.null_blob
-          assert_nil record.null_text
-
-          assert_raises(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) { klass.create }
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    def with_text_blob_not_null_table
-      klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
-      klass.table_name = 'test_mysql_text_not_null_defaults'
-      klass.connection.create_table klass.table_name do |t|
-        t.column :non_null_text, :text, :null => false
-        t.column :non_null_blob, :blob, :null => false
-        t.column :null_text, :text, :null => true
-        t.column :null_blob, :blob, :null => true
-      end
-
-      yield klass
-    ensure
-      klass.connection.drop_table(klass.table_name) rescue nil
-    end
-
-    # MySQL uses an implicit default 0 rather than NULL unless in strict mode.
-    # We use an implicit NULL so schema.rb is compatible with other databases.
-    def test_mysql_integer_not_null_defaults
-      klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
-      klass.table_name = 'test_integer_not_null_default_zero'
-      klass.connection.create_table klass.table_name do |t|
-        t.column :zero, :integer, :null => false, :default => 0
-        t.column :omit, :integer, :null => false
-      end
-
-      assert_equal '0', klass.columns_hash['zero'].default
-      assert !klass.columns_hash['zero'].null
-      assert_equal nil, klass.columns_hash['omit'].default
-      assert !klass.columns_hash['omit'].null
-
-      assert_raise(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) { klass.create! }
-
-      assert_nothing_raised do
-        instance = klass.create!(:omit => 1)
-        assert_equal 0, instance.zero
-        assert_equal 1, instance.omit
-      end
-    ensure
-      klass.connection.drop_table(klass.table_name) rescue nil
-    end
-  end
-end
+require "cases/helper"
+require 'support/schema_dumping_helper'
+require 'models/default'
+require 'models/entrant'
+
+class DefaultTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+  def test_nil_defaults_for_not_null_columns
+    %w(id name course_id).each do |name|
+      column = Entrant.columns_hash[name]
+      assert !column.null, "#{name} column should be NOT NULL"
+      assert_not column.default, "#{name} column should be DEFAULT 'nil'"
+    end
+  end
+
+  if current_adapter?(:PostgreSQLAdapter)
+    def test_multiline_default_text
+      record = Default.new
+      # older postgres versions represent the default with escapes ("\\012" for a newline)
+      assert("--- []\n\n" == record.multiline_default || "--- []\\012\\012" == record.multiline_default)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class DefaultNumbersTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+  class DefaultNumber < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+
+  setup do
+    @connection = ActiveRecord::Base.connection
+    @connection.create_table :default_numbers do |t|
+      t.integer :positive_integer, default: 7
+      t.integer :negative_integer, default: -5
+      t.decimal :decimal_number, default: "2.78", precision: 5, scale: 2
+    end
+  end
+
+  teardown do
+    @connection.drop_table :default_numbers
+	#, if_exists: true
+  end
+
+  def test_default_positive_integer
+    record = DefaultNumber.new
+    assert_equal 7, record.positive_integer
+    assert_equal "7", record.positive_integer_before_type_cast
+  end
+
+  def test_default_negative_integer
+    record = DefaultNumber.new
+    assert_equal (-5), record.negative_integer
+    assert_equal "-5", record.negative_integer_before_type_cast
+  end
+
+  def test_default_decimal_number
+    record = DefaultNumber.new
+    assert_equal BigDecimal.new("2.78"), record.decimal_number
+    assert_equal "2.78", record.decimal_number_before_type_cast
+  end
+end
+
+class DefaultStringsTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+  class DefaultString < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+
+  setup do
+    @connection = ActiveRecord::Base.connection
+    @connection.create_table :default_strings do |t|
+      t.string :string_col, default: "Smith"
+      t.string :string_col_with_quotes, default: "O'Connor"
+    end
+    DefaultString.reset_column_information
+  end
+
+  def test_default_strings
+    assert_equal "Smith", DefaultString.new.string_col
+  end
+
+  def test_default_strings_containing_single_quotes
+    assert_equal "O'Connor", DefaultString.new.string_col_with_quotes
+  end
+
+  teardown do
+    @connection.drop_table :default_strings
+  end
+end
+
+if current_adapter?(:PostgreSQLAdapter)
+  class PostgresqlDefaultExpressionTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+    include SchemaDumpingHelper
+
+    test "schema dump includes default expression" do
+      output = dump_table_schema("defaults")
+      assert_match %r/t\.date\s+"modified_date",\s+default: -> { "\('now'::text\)::date" }/, output
+      assert_match %r/t\.date\s+"modified_date_function",\s+default: -> { "now\(\)" }/, output
+      assert_match %r/t\.datetime\s+"modified_time",\s+default: -> { "now\(\)" }/, output
+      assert_match %r/t\.datetime\s+"modified_time_function",\s+default: -> { "now\(\)" }/, output
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+if current_adapter?(:Mysql2Adapter)
+  class MysqlDefaultExpressionTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+    include SchemaDumpingHelper
+
+    if ActiveRecord::Base.connection.version >= '5.6.0'
+      test "schema dump includes default expression" do
+        output = dump_table_schema("datetime_defaults")
+        assert_match %r/t\.datetime\s+"modified_datetime",\s+default: -> { "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP" }/, output
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  class DefaultsTestWithoutTransactionalFixtures < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+    # ActiveRecord::Base#create! (and #save and other related methods) will
+    # open a new transaction. When in transactional tests mode, this will
+    # cause Active Record to create a new savepoint. However, since MySQL doesn't
+    # support DDL transactions, creating a table will result in any created
+    # savepoints to be automatically released. This in turn causes the savepoint
+    # release code in AbstractAdapter#transaction to fail.
+    #
+    # We don't want that to happen, so we disable transactional tests here.
+    self.use_transactional_tests = false
+
+    def using_strict(strict)
+      connection = ActiveRecord::Base.remove_connection
+      ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection connection.merge(strict: strict)
+      yield
+    ensure
+      ActiveRecord::Base.remove_connection
+      ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection connection
+    end
+
+    # MySQL cannot have defaults on text/blob columns. It reports the
+    # default value as null.
+    #
+    # Despite this, in non-strict mode, MySQL will use an empty string
+    # as the default value of the field, if no other value is
+    # specified.
+    #
+    # Therefore, in non-strict mode, we want column.default to report
+    # an empty string as its default, to be consistent with that.
+    #
+    # In strict mode, column.default should be nil.
+    def test_mysql_text_not_null_defaults_non_strict
+      using_strict(false) do
+        with_text_blob_not_null_table do |klass|
+          record = klass.new
+          assert_equal '', record.non_null_blob
+          assert_equal '', record.non_null_text
+
+          assert_nil record.null_blob
+          assert_nil record.null_text
+
+          record.save!
+          record.reload
+
+          assert_equal '', record.non_null_text
+          assert_equal '', record.non_null_blob
+
+          assert_nil record.null_text
+          assert_nil record.null_blob
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_mysql_text_not_null_defaults_strict
+      using_strict(true) do
+        with_text_blob_not_null_table do |klass|
+          record = klass.new
+          assert_nil record.non_null_blob
+          assert_nil record.non_null_text
+          assert_nil record.null_blob
+          assert_nil record.null_text
+
+          assert_raises(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) { klass.create }
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def with_text_blob_not_null_table
+      klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+      klass.table_name = 'test_mysql_text_not_null_defaults'
+      klass.connection.create_table klass.table_name do |t|
+        t.column :non_null_text, :text, :null => false
+        t.column :non_null_blob, :blob, :null => false
+        t.column :null_text, :text, :null => true
+        t.column :null_blob, :blob, :null => true
+      end
+
+      yield klass
+    ensure
+      klass.connection.drop_table(klass.table_name) rescue nil
+    end
+
+    # MySQL uses an implicit default 0 rather than NULL unless in strict mode.
+    # We use an implicit NULL so schema.rb is compatible with other databases.
+    def test_mysql_integer_not_null_defaults
+      klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+      klass.table_name = 'test_integer_not_null_default_zero'
+      klass.connection.create_table klass.table_name do |t|
+        t.column :zero, :integer, :null => false, :default => 0
+        t.column :omit, :integer, :null => false
+      end
+
+      assert_equal '0', klass.columns_hash['zero'].default
+      assert !klass.columns_hash['zero'].null
+      assert_equal nil, klass.columns_hash['omit'].default
+      assert !klass.columns_hash['omit'].null
+
+      assert_raise(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) { klass.create! }
+
+      assert_nothing_raised do
+        instance = klass.create!(:omit => 1)
+        assert_equal 0, instance.zero
+        assert_equal 1, instance.omit
+      end
+    ensure
+      klass.connection.drop_table(klass.table_name) rescue nil
+    end
+  end
+end

data/test/cases/dirty_test.rb

@@ -1,763 +1,763 @@
-require 'cases/helper'
-require 'models/topic'    # For booleans
-require 'models/pirate'   # For timestamps
-require 'models/parrot'
-require 'models/person'   # For optimistic locking
-require 'models/aircraft'
-
-class Pirate # Just reopening it, not defining it
-  attr_accessor :detected_changes_in_after_update # Boolean for if changes are detected
-  attr_accessor :changes_detected_in_after_update # Actual changes
-
-  after_update :check_changes
-
-private
-  # after_save/update and the model itself
-  # can end up checking dirty status and acting on the results
-  def check_changes
-    if self.changed?
-      self.detected_changes_in_after_update = true
-      self.changes_detected_in_after_update = self.changes
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-class NumericData < ActiveRecord::Base
-  self.table_name = 'numeric_data'
-end
-
-class DirtyTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
-  include InTimeZone
-
-  # Dummy to force column loads so query counts are clean.
-  def setup
-    Person.create :first_name => 'foo'
-  end
-
-  def test_attribute_changes
-    # New record - no changes.
-    pirate = Pirate.new
-    assert_equal false, pirate.catchphrase_changed?
-    assert_equal false, pirate.non_validated_parrot_id_changed?
-
-    # Change catchphrase.
-    pirate.catchphrase = 'arrr'
-    assert pirate.catchphrase_changed?
-    assert_nil pirate.catchphrase_was
-    assert_equal [nil, 'arrr'], pirate.catchphrase_change
-
-    # Saved - no changes.
-    pirate.save!
-    assert !pirate.catchphrase_changed?
-    assert_nil pirate.catchphrase_change
-
-    # Same value - no changes.
-    pirate.catchphrase = 'arrr'
-    assert !pirate.catchphrase_changed?
-    assert_nil pirate.catchphrase_change
-  end
-
-  def test_time_attributes_changes_with_time_zone
-    in_time_zone 'Paris' do
-      target = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
-      target.table_name = 'pirates'
-
-      # New record - no changes.
-      pirate = target.new
-      assert !pirate.created_on_changed?
-      assert_nil pirate.created_on_change
-
-      # Saved - no changes.
-      pirate.catchphrase = 'arrrr, time zone!!'
-      pirate.save!
-      assert !pirate.created_on_changed?
-      assert_nil pirate.created_on_change
-
-      # Change created_on.
-      old_created_on = pirate.created_on
-      pirate.created_on = Time.now - 1.day
-      assert pirate.created_on_changed?
-      assert_kind_of ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone, pirate.created_on_was
-      assert_equal old_created_on, pirate.created_on_was
-      pirate.created_on = old_created_on
-      assert !pirate.created_on_changed?
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_setting_time_attributes_with_time_zone_field_to_itself_should_not_be_marked_as_a_change
-    in_time_zone 'Paris' do
-      target = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
-      target.table_name = 'pirates'
-
-      pirate = target.create!
-      pirate.created_on = pirate.created_on
-      assert !pirate.created_on_changed?
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_time_attributes_changes_without_time_zone_by_skip
-    in_time_zone 'Paris' do
-      target = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
-      target.table_name = 'pirates'
-
-      target.skip_time_zone_conversion_for_attributes = [:created_on]
-
-      # New record - no changes.
-      pirate = target.new
-      assert !pirate.created_on_changed?
-      assert_nil pirate.created_on_change
-
-      # Saved - no changes.
-      pirate.catchphrase = 'arrrr, time zone!!'
-      pirate.save!
-      assert !pirate.created_on_changed?
-      assert_nil pirate.created_on_change
-
-      # Change created_on.
-      old_created_on = pirate.created_on
-      pirate.created_on = Time.now + 1.day
-      assert pirate.created_on_changed?
-      # kind_of does not work because
-      # ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone.name == 'Time'
-      assert_instance_of Time, pirate.created_on_was
-      assert_equal old_created_on, pirate.created_on_was
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_time_attributes_changes_without_time_zone
-    with_timezone_config aware_attributes: false do
-      target = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
-      target.table_name = 'pirates'
-
-      # New record - no changes.
-      pirate = target.new
-      assert !pirate.created_on_changed?
-      assert_nil pirate.created_on_change
-
-      # Saved - no changes.
-      pirate.catchphrase = 'arrrr, time zone!!'
-      pirate.save!
-      assert !pirate.created_on_changed?
-      assert_nil pirate.created_on_change
-
-      # Change created_on.
-      old_created_on = pirate.created_on
-      pirate.created_on = Time.now + 1.day
-      assert pirate.created_on_changed?
-      # kind_of does not work because
-      # ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone.name == 'Time'
-      assert_instance_of Time, pirate.created_on_was
-      assert_equal old_created_on, pirate.created_on_was
-    end
-  end
-
-
-  def test_aliased_attribute_changes
-    # the actual attribute here is name, title is an
-    # alias setup via alias_attribute
-    parrot = Parrot.new
-    assert !parrot.title_changed?
-    assert_nil parrot.title_change
-
-    parrot.name = 'Sam'
-    assert parrot.title_changed?
-    assert_nil parrot.title_was
-    assert_equal parrot.name_change, parrot.title_change
-  end
-
-  def test_restore_attribute!
-    pirate = Pirate.create!(:catchphrase => 'Yar!')
-    pirate.catchphrase = 'Ahoy!'
-
-    pirate.restore_catchphrase!
-    assert_equal "Yar!", pirate.catchphrase
-    assert_equal Hash.new, pirate.changes
-    assert !pirate.catchphrase_changed?
-  end
-
-  def test_nullable_number_not_marked_as_changed_if_new_value_is_blank
-    pirate = Pirate.new
-
-    ["", nil].each do |value|
-      pirate.parrot_id = value
-      assert !pirate.parrot_id_changed?
-      assert_nil pirate.parrot_id_change
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_nullable_decimal_not_marked_as_changed_if_new_value_is_blank
-    numeric_data = NumericData.new
-
-    ["", nil].each do |value|
-      numeric_data.bank_balance = value
-      assert !numeric_data.bank_balance_changed?
-      assert_nil numeric_data.bank_balance_change
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_nullable_float_not_marked_as_changed_if_new_value_is_blank
-    numeric_data = NumericData.new
-
-    ["", nil].each do |value|
-      numeric_data.temperature = value
-      assert !numeric_data.temperature_changed?
-      assert_nil numeric_data.temperature_change
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_nullable_datetime_not_marked_as_changed_if_new_value_is_blank
-    in_time_zone 'Edinburgh' do
-      target = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
-      target.table_name = 'topics'
-
-      topic = target.create
-      assert_nil topic.written_on
-
-      ["", nil].each do |value|
-        topic.written_on = value
-        assert_nil topic.written_on
-        assert !topic.written_on_changed?
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_integer_zero_to_string_zero_not_marked_as_changed
-    pirate = Pirate.new
-    pirate.parrot_id = 0
-    pirate.catchphrase = 'arrr'
-    assert pirate.save!
-
-    assert !pirate.changed?
-
-    pirate.parrot_id = '0'
-    assert !pirate.changed?
-  end
-
-  def test_integer_zero_to_integer_zero_not_marked_as_changed
-    pirate = Pirate.new
-    pirate.parrot_id = 0
-    pirate.catchphrase = 'arrr'
-    assert pirate.save!
-
-    assert !pirate.changed?
-
-    pirate.parrot_id = 0
-    assert !pirate.changed?
-  end
-
-  def test_float_zero_to_string_zero_not_marked_as_changed
-    data = NumericData.new :temperature => 0.0
-    data.save!
-
-    assert_not data.changed?
-
-    data.temperature = '0'
-    assert_empty data.changes
-
-    data.temperature = '0.0'
-    assert_empty data.changes
-
-    data.temperature = '0.00'
-    assert_empty data.changes
-  end
-
-  def test_zero_to_blank_marked_as_changed
-    pirate = Pirate.new
-    pirate.catchphrase = "Yarrrr, me hearties"
-    pirate.parrot_id = 1
-    pirate.save
-
-    # check the change from 1 to ''
-    pirate = Pirate.find_by_catchphrase("Yarrrr, me hearties")
-    pirate.parrot_id = ''
-    assert pirate.parrot_id_changed?
-    assert_equal([1, nil], pirate.parrot_id_change)
-    pirate.save
-
-    # check the change from nil to 0
-    pirate = Pirate.find_by_catchphrase("Yarrrr, me hearties")
-    pirate.parrot_id = 0
-    assert pirate.parrot_id_changed?
-    assert_equal([nil, 0], pirate.parrot_id_change)
-    pirate.save
-
-    # check the change from 0 to ''
-    pirate = Pirate.find_by_catchphrase("Yarrrr, me hearties")
-    pirate.parrot_id = ''
-    assert pirate.parrot_id_changed?
-    assert_equal([0, nil], pirate.parrot_id_change)
-  end
-
-  def test_object_should_be_changed_if_any_attribute_is_changed
-    pirate = Pirate.new
-    assert !pirate.changed?
-    assert_equal [], pirate.changed
-    assert_equal Hash.new, pirate.changes
-
-    pirate.catchphrase = 'arrr'
-    assert pirate.changed?
-    assert_nil pirate.catchphrase_was
-    assert_equal %w(catchphrase), pirate.changed
-    assert_equal({'catchphrase' => [nil, 'arrr']}, pirate.changes)
-
-    pirate.save
-    assert !pirate.changed?
-    assert_equal [], pirate.changed
-    assert_equal Hash.new, pirate.changes
-  end
-
-  def test_attribute_will_change!
-    pirate = Pirate.create!(:catchphrase => 'arr')
-
-    assert !pirate.catchphrase_changed?
-    assert pirate.catchphrase_will_change!
-    assert pirate.catchphrase_changed?
-    assert_equal ['arr', 'arr'], pirate.catchphrase_change
-
-    pirate.catchphrase << ' matey!'
-    assert pirate.catchphrase_changed?
-    assert_equal ['arr', 'arr matey!'], pirate.catchphrase_change
-  end
-
-  def test_association_assignment_changes_foreign_key
-    pirate = Pirate.create!(:catchphrase => 'jarl')
-    pirate.parrot = Parrot.create!(:name => 'Lorre')
-    assert pirate.changed?
-    assert_equal %w(parrot_id), pirate.changed
-  end
-
-  def test_attribute_should_be_compared_with_type_cast
-    topic = Topic.new
-    assert topic.approved?
-    assert !topic.approved_changed?
-
-    # Coming from web form.
-    params = {:topic => {:approved => 1}}
-    # In the controller.
-    topic.attributes = params[:topic]
-    assert topic.approved?
-    assert !topic.approved_changed?
-  end
-
-  def test_partial_update
-    pirate = Pirate.new(:catchphrase => 'foo')
-    old_updated_on = 1.hour.ago.beginning_of_day
-
-    with_partial_writes Pirate, false do
-      assert_queries(2) { 2.times { pirate.save! } }
-      Pirate.where(id: pirate.id).update_all(:updated_on => old_updated_on)
-    end
-
-    with_partial_writes Pirate, true do
-      assert_queries(0) { 2.times { pirate.save! } }
-      assert_equal old_updated_on, pirate.reload.updated_on
-
-      assert_queries(1) { pirate.catchphrase = 'bar'; pirate.save! }
-      assert_not_equal old_updated_on, pirate.reload.updated_on
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_partial_update_with_optimistic_locking
-    person = Person.new(:first_name => 'foo')
-    old_lock_version = 1
-
-    with_partial_writes Person, false do
-      assert_queries(2) { 2.times { person.save! } }
-      Person.where(id: person.id).update_all(:first_name => 'baz')
-    end
-
-    with_partial_writes Person, true do
-      assert_queries(0) { 2.times { person.save! } }
-      assert_equal old_lock_version, person.reload.lock_version
-
-      assert_queries(1) { person.first_name = 'bar'; person.save! }
-      assert_not_equal old_lock_version, person.reload.lock_version
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_changed_attributes_should_be_preserved_if_save_failure
-    pirate = Pirate.new
-    pirate.parrot_id = 1
-    assert !pirate.save
-    check_pirate_after_save_failure(pirate)
-
-    pirate = Pirate.new
-    pirate.parrot_id = 1
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid) { pirate.save! }
-    check_pirate_after_save_failure(pirate)
-  end
-
-  def test_reload_should_clear_changed_attributes
-    pirate = Pirate.create!(:catchphrase => "shiver me timbers")
-    pirate.catchphrase = "*hic*"
-    assert pirate.changed?
-    pirate.reload
-    assert !pirate.changed?
-  end
-
-  def test_dup_objects_should_not_copy_dirty_flag_from_creator
-    pirate = Pirate.create!(:catchphrase => "shiver me timbers")
-    pirate_dup = pirate.dup
-    pirate_dup.restore_catchphrase!
-    pirate.catchphrase = "I love Rum"
-    assert pirate.catchphrase_changed?
-    assert !pirate_dup.catchphrase_changed?
-  end
-
-  def test_reverted_changes_are_not_dirty
-    phrase = "shiver me timbers"
-    pirate = Pirate.create!(:catchphrase => phrase)
-    pirate.catchphrase = "*hic*"
-    assert pirate.changed?
-    pirate.catchphrase = phrase
-    assert !pirate.changed?
-  end
-
-  def test_reverted_changes_are_not_dirty_after_multiple_changes
-    phrase = "shiver me timbers"
-    pirate = Pirate.create!(:catchphrase => phrase)
-    10.times do |i|
-      pirate.catchphrase = "*hic*" * i
-      assert pirate.changed?
-    end
-    assert pirate.changed?
-    pirate.catchphrase = phrase
-    assert !pirate.changed?
-  end
-
-
-  def test_reverted_changes_are_not_dirty_going_from_nil_to_value_and_back
-    pirate = Pirate.create!(:catchphrase => "Yar!")
-
-    pirate.parrot_id = 1
-    assert pirate.changed?
-    assert pirate.parrot_id_changed?
-    assert !pirate.catchphrase_changed?
-
-    pirate.parrot_id = nil
-    assert !pirate.changed?
-    assert !pirate.parrot_id_changed?
-    assert !pirate.catchphrase_changed?
-  end
-
-  def test_save_should_store_serialized_attributes_even_with_partial_writes
-    with_partial_writes(Topic) do
-      topic = Topic.create!(:content => {:a => "a"})
-
-      assert_not topic.changed?
-
-      topic.content[:b] = "b"
-
-      assert topic.changed?
-
-      topic.save!
-
-      assert_not topic.changed?
-      assert_equal "b", topic.content[:b]
-
-      topic.reload
-
-      assert_equal "b", topic.content[:b]
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_save_always_should_update_timestamps_when_serialized_attributes_are_present
-    with_partial_writes(Topic) do
-      topic = Topic.create!(:content => {:a => "a"})
-      topic.save!
-
-      updated_at = topic.updated_at
-      travel(1.second) do
-        topic.content[:hello] = 'world'
-        topic.save!
-      end
-
-      assert_not_equal updated_at, topic.updated_at
-      assert_equal 'world', topic.content[:hello]
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_save_should_not_save_serialized_attribute_with_partial_writes_if_not_present
-    with_partial_writes(Topic) do
-      Topic.create!(:author_name => 'Bill', :content => {:a => "a"})
-      topic = Topic.select('id, author_name').first
-      topic.update_columns author_name: 'John'
-      topic = Topic.first
-      assert_not_nil topic.content
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_previous_changes
-    # original values should be in previous_changes
-    pirate = Pirate.new
-
-    assert_equal Hash.new, pirate.previous_changes
-    pirate.catchphrase = "arrr"
-    pirate.save!
-
-    assert_equal 4, pirate.previous_changes.size
-    assert_equal [nil, "arrr"], pirate.previous_changes['catchphrase']
-    assert_equal [nil, pirate.id], pirate.previous_changes['id']
-    assert_nil pirate.previous_changes['updated_on'][0]
-    assert_not_nil pirate.previous_changes['updated_on'][1]
-    assert_nil pirate.previous_changes['created_on'][0]
-    assert_not_nil pirate.previous_changes['created_on'][1]
-    assert !pirate.previous_changes.key?('parrot_id')
-
-    # original values should be in previous_changes
-    pirate = Pirate.new
-
-    assert_equal Hash.new, pirate.previous_changes
-    pirate.catchphrase = "arrr"
-    pirate.save
-
-    assert_equal 4, pirate.previous_changes.size
-    assert_equal [nil, "arrr"], pirate.previous_changes['catchphrase']
-    assert_equal [nil, pirate.id], pirate.previous_changes['id']
-    assert pirate.previous_changes.include?('updated_on')
-    assert pirate.previous_changes.include?('created_on')
-    assert !pirate.previous_changes.key?('parrot_id')
-
-    pirate.catchphrase = "Yar!!"
-    pirate.reload
-    assert_equal Hash.new, pirate.previous_changes
-
-    pirate = Pirate.find_by_catchphrase("arrr")
-
-    travel(1.second)
-
-    pirate.catchphrase = "Me Maties!"
-    pirate.save!
-
-    assert_equal 2, pirate.previous_changes.size
-    assert_equal ["arrr", "Me Maties!"], pirate.previous_changes['catchphrase']
-    assert_not_nil pirate.previous_changes['updated_on'][0]
-    assert_not_nil pirate.previous_changes['updated_on'][1]
-    assert !pirate.previous_changes.key?('parrot_id')
-    assert !pirate.previous_changes.key?('created_on')
-
-    pirate = Pirate.find_by_catchphrase("Me Maties!")
-
-    travel(1.second)
-
-    pirate.catchphrase = "Thar She Blows!"
-    pirate.save
-
-    assert_equal 2, pirate.previous_changes.size
-    assert_equal ["Me Maties!", "Thar She Blows!"], pirate.previous_changes['catchphrase']
-    assert_not_nil pirate.previous_changes['updated_on'][0]
-    assert_not_nil pirate.previous_changes['updated_on'][1]
-    assert !pirate.previous_changes.key?('parrot_id')
-    assert !pirate.previous_changes.key?('created_on')
-
-    travel(1.second)
-
-    pirate = Pirate.find_by_catchphrase("Thar She Blows!")
-    pirate.update(catchphrase: "Ahoy!")
-
-    assert_equal 2, pirate.previous_changes.size
-    assert_equal ["Thar She Blows!", "Ahoy!"], pirate.previous_changes['catchphrase']
-    assert_not_nil pirate.previous_changes['updated_on'][0]
-    assert_not_nil pirate.previous_changes['updated_on'][1]
-    assert !pirate.previous_changes.key?('parrot_id')
-    assert !pirate.previous_changes.key?('created_on')
-
-    travel(1.second)
-
-    pirate = Pirate.find_by_catchphrase("Ahoy!")
-    pirate.update_attribute(:catchphrase, "Ninjas suck!")
-
-    assert_equal 2, pirate.previous_changes.size
-    assert_equal ["Ahoy!", "Ninjas suck!"], pirate.previous_changes['catchphrase']
-    assert_not_nil pirate.previous_changes['updated_on'][0]
-    assert_not_nil pirate.previous_changes['updated_on'][1]
-    assert !pirate.previous_changes.key?('parrot_id')
-    assert !pirate.previous_changes.key?('created_on')
-  ensure
-    travel_back
-  end
-
-  if ActiveRecord::Base.connection.supports_migrations?
-    class Testings < ActiveRecord::Base; end
-    def test_field_named_field
-      ActiveRecord::Base.connection.create_table :testings do |t|
-        t.string :field
-      end
-      assert_nothing_raised do
-        Testings.new.attributes
-      end
-    ensure
-      ActiveRecord::Base.connection.drop_table :testings rescue nil
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_datetime_attribute_can_be_updated_with_fractional_seconds
-    skip "Fractional seconds are not supported" unless subsecond_precision_supported?
-    in_time_zone 'Paris' do
-      target = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
-      target.table_name = 'topics'
-
-      written_on = Time.utc(2012, 12, 1, 12, 0, 0).in_time_zone('Paris')
-
-      topic = target.create(:written_on => written_on)
-      topic.written_on += 0.3
-
-      assert topic.written_on_changed?, 'Fractional second update not detected'
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_datetime_attribute_doesnt_change_if_zone_is_modified_in_string
-    time_in_paris = Time.utc(2014, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0).in_time_zone('Paris')
-    pirate = Pirate.create!(:catchphrase => 'rrrr', :created_on => time_in_paris)
-
-    pirate.created_on = pirate.created_on.in_time_zone('Tokyo').to_s
-    assert !pirate.created_on_changed?
-  end
-
-  test "partial insert" do
-    with_partial_writes Person do
-      jon = nil
-      assert_sql(/first_name/i) do
-        jon = Person.create! first_name: 'Jon'
-      end
-
-      assert ActiveRecord::SQLCounter.log_all.none? { |sql| sql =~ /followers_count/ }
-
-      jon.reload
-      assert_equal 'Jon', jon.first_name
-      assert_equal 0, jon.followers_count
-      assert_not_nil jon.id
-    end
-  end
-
-  test "partial insert with empty values" do
-    with_partial_writes Aircraft do
-      a = Aircraft.create!
-      a.reload
-      assert_not_nil a.id
-    end
-  end
-
-  test "in place mutation detection" do
-    pirate = Pirate.create!(catchphrase: "arrrr")
-    pirate.catchphrase << " matey!"
-
-    assert pirate.catchphrase_changed?
-    expected_changes = {
-      "catchphrase" => ["arrrr", "arrrr matey!"]
-    }
-    assert_equal(expected_changes, pirate.changes)
-    assert_equal("arrrr", pirate.catchphrase_was)
-    assert pirate.catchphrase_changed?(from: "arrrr")
-    assert_not pirate.catchphrase_changed?(from: "anything else")
-    assert pirate.changed_attributes.include?(:catchphrase)
-
-    pirate.save!
-    pirate.reload
-
-    assert_equal "arrrr matey!", pirate.catchphrase
-    assert_not pirate.changed?
-  end
-
-  test "in place mutation for binary" do
-    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
-      self.table_name = :binaries
-      serialize :data
-    end
-
-    binary = klass.create!(data: "\\\\foo")
-
-    assert_not binary.changed?
-
-    binary.data = binary.data.dup
-
-    assert_not binary.changed?
-
-    binary = klass.last
-
-    assert_not binary.changed?
-
-    binary.data << "bar"
-
-    assert binary.changed?
-  end
-
-  test "attribute_changed? doesn't compute in-place changes for unrelated attributes" do
-    test_type_class = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Type::Value) do
-      define_method(:changed_in_place?) do |*|
-        raise
-      end
-    end
-    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
-      self.table_name = 'people'
-      attribute :foo, test_type_class.new
-    end
-
-    model = klass.new(first_name: "Jim")
-    assert model.first_name_changed?
-  end
-
-  test "attribute_will_change! doesn't try to save non-persistable attributes" do
-    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
-      self.table_name = 'people'
-      attribute :non_persisted_attribute, :string
-    end
-
-    record = klass.new(first_name: "Sean")
-    record.non_persisted_attribute_will_change!
-
-    assert record.non_persisted_attribute_changed?
-    assert record.save
-  end
-
-  test "mutating and then assigning doesn't remove the change" do
-    pirate = Pirate.create!(catchphrase: "arrrr")
-    pirate.catchphrase << " matey!"
-    pirate.catchphrase = "arrrr matey!"
-
-    assert pirate.catchphrase_changed?(from: "arrrr", to: "arrrr matey!")
-  end
-
-  test "getters with side effects are allowed" do
-    klass = Class.new(Pirate) do
-      def catchphrase
-        if super.blank?
-          update_attribute(:catchphrase, "arr") # what could possibly go wrong?
-        end
-        super
-      end
-    end
-
-    pirate = klass.create!(catchphrase: "lol")
-    pirate.update_attribute(:catchphrase, nil)
-
-    assert_equal "arr", pirate.catchphrase
-  end
-
-  test "attributes assigned but not selected are dirty" do
-    person = Person.select(:id).first
-    refute person.changed?
-
-    person.first_name = "Sean"
-    assert person.changed?
-
-    person.first_name = nil
-    assert person.changed?
-  end
-
-  private
-    def with_partial_writes(klass, on = true)
-      old = klass.partial_writes?
-      klass.partial_writes = on
-      yield
-    ensure
-      klass.partial_writes = old
-    end
-
-    def check_pirate_after_save_failure(pirate)
-      assert pirate.changed?
-      assert pirate.parrot_id_changed?
-      assert_equal %w(parrot_id), pirate.changed
-      assert_nil pirate.parrot_id_was
-    end
-end
+require 'cases/helper'
+require 'models/topic'    # For booleans
+require 'models/pirate'   # For timestamps
+require 'models/parrot'
+require 'models/person'   # For optimistic locking
+require 'models/aircraft'
+
+class Pirate # Just reopening it, not defining it
+  attr_accessor :detected_changes_in_after_update # Boolean for if changes are detected
+  attr_accessor :changes_detected_in_after_update # Actual changes
+
+  after_update :check_changes
+
+private
+  # after_save/update and the model itself
+  # can end up checking dirty status and acting on the results
+  def check_changes
+    if self.changed?
+      self.detected_changes_in_after_update = true
+      self.changes_detected_in_after_update = self.changes
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class NumericData < ActiveRecord::Base
+  self.table_name = 'numeric_data'
+end
+
+class DirtyTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+  include InTimeZone
+
+  # Dummy to force column loads so query counts are clean.
+  def setup
+    Person.create :first_name => 'foo'
+  end
+
+  def test_attribute_changes
+    # New record - no changes.
+    pirate = Pirate.new
+    assert_equal false, pirate.catchphrase_changed?
+    assert_equal false, pirate.non_validated_parrot_id_changed?
+
+    # Change catchphrase.
+    pirate.catchphrase = 'arrr'
+    assert pirate.catchphrase_changed?
+    assert_nil pirate.catchphrase_was
+    assert_equal [nil, 'arrr'], pirate.catchphrase_change
+
+    # Saved - no changes.
+    pirate.save!
+    assert !pirate.catchphrase_changed?
+    assert_nil pirate.catchphrase_change
+
+    # Same value - no changes.
+    pirate.catchphrase = 'arrr'
+    assert !pirate.catchphrase_changed?
+    assert_nil pirate.catchphrase_change
+  end
+
+  def test_time_attributes_changes_with_time_zone
+    in_time_zone 'Paris' do
+      target = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+      target.table_name = 'pirates'
+
+      # New record - no changes.
+      pirate = target.new
+      assert !pirate.created_on_changed?
+      assert_nil pirate.created_on_change
+
+      # Saved - no changes.
+      pirate.catchphrase = 'arrrr, time zone!!'
+      pirate.save!
+      assert !pirate.created_on_changed?
+      assert_nil pirate.created_on_change
+
+      # Change created_on.
+      old_created_on = pirate.created_on
+      pirate.created_on = Time.now - 1.day
+      assert pirate.created_on_changed?
+      assert_kind_of ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone, pirate.created_on_was
+      assert_equal old_created_on, pirate.created_on_was
+      pirate.created_on = old_created_on
+      assert !pirate.created_on_changed?
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_setting_time_attributes_with_time_zone_field_to_itself_should_not_be_marked_as_a_change
+    in_time_zone 'Paris' do
+      target = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+      target.table_name = 'pirates'
+
+      pirate = target.create!
+      pirate.created_on = pirate.created_on
+      assert !pirate.created_on_changed?
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_time_attributes_changes_without_time_zone_by_skip
+    in_time_zone 'Paris' do
+      target = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+      target.table_name = 'pirates'
+
+      target.skip_time_zone_conversion_for_attributes = [:created_on]
+
+      # New record - no changes.
+      pirate = target.new
+      assert !pirate.created_on_changed?
+      assert_nil pirate.created_on_change
+
+      # Saved - no changes.
+      pirate.catchphrase = 'arrrr, time zone!!'
+      pirate.save!
+      assert !pirate.created_on_changed?
+      assert_nil pirate.created_on_change
+
+      # Change created_on.
+      old_created_on = pirate.created_on
+      pirate.created_on = Time.now + 1.day
+      assert pirate.created_on_changed?
+      # kind_of does not work because
+      # ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone.name == 'Time'
+      assert_instance_of Time, pirate.created_on_was
+      assert_equal old_created_on, pirate.created_on_was
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_time_attributes_changes_without_time_zone
+    with_timezone_config aware_attributes: false do
+      target = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+      target.table_name = 'pirates'
+
+      # New record - no changes.
+      pirate = target.new
+      assert !pirate.created_on_changed?
+      assert_nil pirate.created_on_change
+
+      # Saved - no changes.
+      pirate.catchphrase = 'arrrr, time zone!!'
+      pirate.save!
+      assert !pirate.created_on_changed?
+      assert_nil pirate.created_on_change
+
+      # Change created_on.
+      old_created_on = pirate.created_on
+      pirate.created_on = Time.now + 1.day
+      assert pirate.created_on_changed?
+      # kind_of does not work because
+      # ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone.name == 'Time'
+      assert_instance_of Time, pirate.created_on_was
+      assert_equal old_created_on, pirate.created_on_was
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  def test_aliased_attribute_changes
+    # the actual attribute here is name, title is an
+    # alias setup via alias_attribute
+    parrot = Parrot.new
+    assert !parrot.title_changed?
+    assert_nil parrot.title_change
+
+    parrot.name = 'Sam'
+    assert parrot.title_changed?
+    assert_nil parrot.title_was
+    assert_equal parrot.name_change, parrot.title_change
+  end
+
+  def test_restore_attribute!
+    pirate = Pirate.create!(:catchphrase => 'Yar!')
+    pirate.catchphrase = 'Ahoy!'
+
+    pirate.restore_catchphrase!
+    assert_equal "Yar!", pirate.catchphrase
+    assert_equal Hash.new, pirate.changes
+    assert !pirate.catchphrase_changed?
+  end
+
+  def test_nullable_number_not_marked_as_changed_if_new_value_is_blank
+    pirate = Pirate.new
+
+    ["", nil].each do |value|
+      pirate.parrot_id = value
+      assert !pirate.parrot_id_changed?
+      assert_nil pirate.parrot_id_change
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_nullable_decimal_not_marked_as_changed_if_new_value_is_blank
+    numeric_data = NumericData.new
+
+    ["", nil].each do |value|
+      numeric_data.bank_balance = value
+      assert !numeric_data.bank_balance_changed?
+      assert_nil numeric_data.bank_balance_change
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_nullable_float_not_marked_as_changed_if_new_value_is_blank
+    numeric_data = NumericData.new
+
+    ["", nil].each do |value|
+      numeric_data.temperature = value
+      assert !numeric_data.temperature_changed?
+      assert_nil numeric_data.temperature_change
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_nullable_datetime_not_marked_as_changed_if_new_value_is_blank
+    in_time_zone 'Edinburgh' do
+      target = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+      target.table_name = 'topics'
+
+      topic = target.create
+      assert_nil topic.written_on
+
+      ["", nil].each do |value|
+        topic.written_on = value
+        assert_nil topic.written_on
+        assert !topic.written_on_changed?
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_integer_zero_to_string_zero_not_marked_as_changed
+    pirate = Pirate.new
+    pirate.parrot_id = 0
+    pirate.catchphrase = 'arrr'
+    assert pirate.save!
+
+    assert !pirate.changed?
+
+    pirate.parrot_id = '0'
+    assert !pirate.changed?
+  end
+
+  def test_integer_zero_to_integer_zero_not_marked_as_changed
+    pirate = Pirate.new
+    pirate.parrot_id = 0
+    pirate.catchphrase = 'arrr'
+    assert pirate.save!
+
+    assert !pirate.changed?
+
+    pirate.parrot_id = 0
+    assert !pirate.changed?
+  end
+
+  def test_float_zero_to_string_zero_not_marked_as_changed
+    data = NumericData.new :temperature => 0.0
+    data.save!
+
+    assert_not data.changed?
+
+    data.temperature = '0'
+    assert_empty data.changes
+
+    data.temperature = '0.0'
+    assert_empty data.changes
+
+    data.temperature = '0.00'
+    assert_empty data.changes
+  end
+
+  def test_zero_to_blank_marked_as_changed
+    pirate = Pirate.new
+    pirate.catchphrase = "Yarrrr, me hearties"
+    pirate.parrot_id = 1
+    pirate.save
+
+    # check the change from 1 to ''
+    pirate = Pirate.find_by_catchphrase("Yarrrr, me hearties")
+    pirate.parrot_id = ''
+    assert pirate.parrot_id_changed?
+    assert_equal([1, nil], pirate.parrot_id_change)
+    pirate.save
+
+    # check the change from nil to 0
+    pirate = Pirate.find_by_catchphrase("Yarrrr, me hearties")
+    pirate.parrot_id = 0
+    assert pirate.parrot_id_changed?
+    assert_equal([nil, 0], pirate.parrot_id_change)
+    pirate.save
+
+    # check the change from 0 to ''
+    pirate = Pirate.find_by_catchphrase("Yarrrr, me hearties")
+    pirate.parrot_id = ''
+    assert pirate.parrot_id_changed?
+    assert_equal([0, nil], pirate.parrot_id_change)
+  end
+
+  def test_object_should_be_changed_if_any_attribute_is_changed
+    pirate = Pirate.new
+    assert !pirate.changed?
+    assert_equal [], pirate.changed
+    assert_equal Hash.new, pirate.changes
+
+    pirate.catchphrase = 'arrr'
+    assert pirate.changed?
+    assert_nil pirate.catchphrase_was
+    assert_equal %w(catchphrase), pirate.changed
+    assert_equal({'catchphrase' => [nil, 'arrr']}, pirate.changes)
+
+    pirate.save
+    assert !pirate.changed?
+    assert_equal [], pirate.changed
+    assert_equal Hash.new, pirate.changes
+  end
+
+  def test_attribute_will_change!
+    pirate = Pirate.create!(:catchphrase => 'arr')
+
+    assert !pirate.catchphrase_changed?
+    assert pirate.catchphrase_will_change!
+    assert pirate.catchphrase_changed?
+    assert_equal ['arr', 'arr'], pirate.catchphrase_change
+
+    pirate.catchphrase << ' matey!'
+    assert pirate.catchphrase_changed?
+    assert_equal ['arr', 'arr matey!'], pirate.catchphrase_change
+  end
+
+  def test_association_assignment_changes_foreign_key
+    pirate = Pirate.create!(:catchphrase => 'jarl')
+    pirate.parrot = Parrot.create!(:name => 'Lorre')
+    assert pirate.changed?
+    assert_equal %w(parrot_id), pirate.changed
+  end
+
+  def test_attribute_should_be_compared_with_type_cast
+    topic = Topic.new
+    assert topic.approved?
+    assert !topic.approved_changed?
+
+    # Coming from web form.
+    params = {:topic => {:approved => 1}}
+    # In the controller.
+    topic.attributes = params[:topic]
+    assert topic.approved?
+    assert !topic.approved_changed?
+  end
+
+  def test_partial_update
+    pirate = Pirate.new(:catchphrase => 'foo')
+    old_updated_on = 1.hour.ago.beginning_of_day
+
+    with_partial_writes Pirate, false do
+      assert_queries(2) { 2.times { pirate.save! } }
+      Pirate.where(id: pirate.id).update_all(:updated_on => old_updated_on)
+    end
+
+    with_partial_writes Pirate, true do
+      assert_queries(0) { 2.times { pirate.save! } }
+      assert_equal old_updated_on, pirate.reload.updated_on
+
+      assert_queries(1) { pirate.catchphrase = 'bar'; pirate.save! }
+      assert_not_equal old_updated_on, pirate.reload.updated_on
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_partial_update_with_optimistic_locking
+    person = Person.new(:first_name => 'foo')
+    old_lock_version = 1
+
+    with_partial_writes Person, false do
+      assert_queries(2) { 2.times { person.save! } }
+      Person.where(id: person.id).update_all(:first_name => 'baz')
+    end
+
+    with_partial_writes Person, true do
+      assert_queries(0) { 2.times { person.save! } }
+      assert_equal old_lock_version, person.reload.lock_version
+
+      assert_queries(1) { person.first_name = 'bar'; person.save! }
+      assert_not_equal old_lock_version, person.reload.lock_version
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_changed_attributes_should_be_preserved_if_save_failure
+    pirate = Pirate.new
+    pirate.parrot_id = 1
+    assert !pirate.save
+    check_pirate_after_save_failure(pirate)
+
+    pirate = Pirate.new
+    pirate.parrot_id = 1
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid) { pirate.save! }
+    check_pirate_after_save_failure(pirate)
+  end
+
+  def test_reload_should_clear_changed_attributes
+    pirate = Pirate.create!(:catchphrase => "shiver me timbers")
+    pirate.catchphrase = "*hic*"
+    assert pirate.changed?
+    pirate.reload
+    assert !pirate.changed?
+  end
+
+  def test_dup_objects_should_not_copy_dirty_flag_from_creator
+    pirate = Pirate.create!(:catchphrase => "shiver me timbers")
+    pirate_dup = pirate.dup
+    pirate_dup.restore_catchphrase!
+    pirate.catchphrase = "I love Rum"
+    assert pirate.catchphrase_changed?
+    assert !pirate_dup.catchphrase_changed?
+  end
+
+  def test_reverted_changes_are_not_dirty
+    phrase = "shiver me timbers"
+    pirate = Pirate.create!(:catchphrase => phrase)
+    pirate.catchphrase = "*hic*"
+    assert pirate.changed?
+    pirate.catchphrase = phrase
+    assert !pirate.changed?
+  end
+
+  def test_reverted_changes_are_not_dirty_after_multiple_changes
+    phrase = "shiver me timbers"
+    pirate = Pirate.create!(:catchphrase => phrase)
+    10.times do |i|
+      pirate.catchphrase = "*hic*" * i
+      assert pirate.changed?
+    end
+    assert pirate.changed?
+    pirate.catchphrase = phrase
+    assert !pirate.changed?
+  end
+
+
+  def test_reverted_changes_are_not_dirty_going_from_nil_to_value_and_back
+    pirate = Pirate.create!(:catchphrase => "Yar!")
+
+    pirate.parrot_id = 1
+    assert pirate.changed?
+    assert pirate.parrot_id_changed?
+    assert !pirate.catchphrase_changed?
+
+    pirate.parrot_id = nil
+    assert !pirate.changed?
+    assert !pirate.parrot_id_changed?
+    assert !pirate.catchphrase_changed?
+  end
+
+  def test_save_should_store_serialized_attributes_even_with_partial_writes
+    with_partial_writes(Topic) do
+      topic = Topic.create!(:content => {:a => "a"})
+
+      assert_not topic.changed?
+
+      topic.content[:b] = "b"
+
+      assert topic.changed?
+
+      topic.save!
+
+      assert_not topic.changed?
+      assert_equal "b", topic.content[:b]
+
+      topic.reload
+
+      assert_equal "b", topic.content[:b]
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_save_always_should_update_timestamps_when_serialized_attributes_are_present
+    with_partial_writes(Topic) do
+      topic = Topic.create!(:content => {:a => "a"})
+      topic.save!
+
+      updated_at = topic.updated_at
+      travel(1.second) do
+        topic.content[:hello] = 'world'
+        topic.save!
+      end
+
+      assert_not_equal updated_at, topic.updated_at
+      assert_equal 'world', topic.content[:hello]
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_save_should_not_save_serialized_attribute_with_partial_writes_if_not_present
+    with_partial_writes(Topic) do
+      Topic.create!(:author_name => 'Bill', :content => {:a => "a"})
+      topic = Topic.select('id, author_name').first
+      topic.update_columns author_name: 'John'
+      topic = Topic.first
+      assert_not_nil topic.content
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_previous_changes
+    # original values should be in previous_changes
+    pirate = Pirate.new
+
+    assert_equal Hash.new, pirate.previous_changes
+    pirate.catchphrase = "arrr"
+    pirate.save!
+
+    assert_equal 4, pirate.previous_changes.size
+    assert_equal [nil, "arrr"], pirate.previous_changes['catchphrase']
+    assert_equal [nil, pirate.id], pirate.previous_changes['id']
+    assert_nil pirate.previous_changes['updated_on'][0]
+    assert_not_nil pirate.previous_changes['updated_on'][1]
+    assert_nil pirate.previous_changes['created_on'][0]
+    assert_not_nil pirate.previous_changes['created_on'][1]
+    assert !pirate.previous_changes.key?('parrot_id')
+
+    # original values should be in previous_changes
+    pirate = Pirate.new
+
+    assert_equal Hash.new, pirate.previous_changes
+    pirate.catchphrase = "arrr"
+    pirate.save
+
+    assert_equal 4, pirate.previous_changes.size
+    assert_equal [nil, "arrr"], pirate.previous_changes['catchphrase']
+    assert_equal [nil, pirate.id], pirate.previous_changes['id']
+    assert pirate.previous_changes.include?('updated_on')
+    assert pirate.previous_changes.include?('created_on')
+    assert !pirate.previous_changes.key?('parrot_id')
+
+    pirate.catchphrase = "Yar!!"
+    pirate.reload
+    assert_equal Hash.new, pirate.previous_changes
+
+    pirate = Pirate.find_by_catchphrase("arrr")
+
+    travel(1.second)
+
+    pirate.catchphrase = "Me Maties!"
+    pirate.save!
+
+    assert_equal 2, pirate.previous_changes.size
+    assert_equal ["arrr", "Me Maties!"], pirate.previous_changes['catchphrase']
+    assert_not_nil pirate.previous_changes['updated_on'][0]
+    assert_not_nil pirate.previous_changes['updated_on'][1]
+    assert !pirate.previous_changes.key?('parrot_id')
+    assert !pirate.previous_changes.key?('created_on')
+
+    pirate = Pirate.find_by_catchphrase("Me Maties!")
+
+    travel(1.second)
+
+    pirate.catchphrase = "Thar She Blows!"
+    pirate.save
+
+    assert_equal 2, pirate.previous_changes.size
+    assert_equal ["Me Maties!", "Thar She Blows!"], pirate.previous_changes['catchphrase']
+    assert_not_nil pirate.previous_changes['updated_on'][0]
+    assert_not_nil pirate.previous_changes['updated_on'][1]
+    assert !pirate.previous_changes.key?('parrot_id')
+    assert !pirate.previous_changes.key?('created_on')
+
+    travel(1.second)
+
+    pirate = Pirate.find_by_catchphrase("Thar She Blows!")
+    pirate.update(catchphrase: "Ahoy!")
+
+    assert_equal 2, pirate.previous_changes.size
+    assert_equal ["Thar She Blows!", "Ahoy!"], pirate.previous_changes['catchphrase']
+    assert_not_nil pirate.previous_changes['updated_on'][0]
+    assert_not_nil pirate.previous_changes['updated_on'][1]
+    assert !pirate.previous_changes.key?('parrot_id')
+    assert !pirate.previous_changes.key?('created_on')
+
+    travel(1.second)
+
+    pirate = Pirate.find_by_catchphrase("Ahoy!")
+    pirate.update_attribute(:catchphrase, "Ninjas suck!")
+
+    assert_equal 2, pirate.previous_changes.size
+    assert_equal ["Ahoy!", "Ninjas suck!"], pirate.previous_changes['catchphrase']
+    assert_not_nil pirate.previous_changes['updated_on'][0]
+    assert_not_nil pirate.previous_changes['updated_on'][1]
+    assert !pirate.previous_changes.key?('parrot_id')
+    assert !pirate.previous_changes.key?('created_on')
+  ensure
+    travel_back
+  end
+
+  if ActiveRecord::Base.connection.supports_migrations?
+    class Testings < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+    def test_field_named_field
+      ActiveRecord::Base.connection.create_table :testings do |t|
+        t.string :field
+      end
+      assert_nothing_raised do
+        Testings.new.attributes
+      end
+    ensure
+      ActiveRecord::Base.connection.drop_table :testings rescue nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_datetime_attribute_can_be_updated_with_fractional_seconds
+    skip "Fractional seconds are not supported" unless subsecond_precision_supported?
+    in_time_zone 'Paris' do
+      target = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+      target.table_name = 'topics'
+
+      written_on = Time.utc(2012, 12, 1, 12, 0, 0).in_time_zone('Paris')
+
+      topic = target.create(:written_on => written_on)
+      topic.written_on += 0.3
+
+      assert topic.written_on_changed?, 'Fractional second update not detected'
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_datetime_attribute_doesnt_change_if_zone_is_modified_in_string
+    time_in_paris = Time.utc(2014, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0).in_time_zone('Paris')
+    pirate = Pirate.create!(:catchphrase => 'rrrr', :created_on => time_in_paris)
+
+    pirate.created_on = pirate.created_on.in_time_zone('Tokyo').to_s
+    assert !pirate.created_on_changed?
+  end
+
+  test "partial insert" do
+    with_partial_writes Person do
+      jon = nil
+      assert_sql(/first_name/i) do
+        jon = Person.create! first_name: 'Jon'
+      end
+
+      assert ActiveRecord::SQLCounter.log_all.none? { |sql| sql =~ /followers_count/ }
+
+      jon.reload
+      assert_equal 'Jon', jon.first_name
+      assert_equal 0, jon.followers_count
+      assert_not_nil jon.id
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "partial insert with empty values" do
+    with_partial_writes Aircraft do
+      a = Aircraft.create!
+      a.reload
+      assert_not_nil a.id
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "in place mutation detection" do
+    pirate = Pirate.create!(catchphrase: "arrrr")
+    pirate.catchphrase << " matey!"
+
+    assert pirate.catchphrase_changed?
+    expected_changes = {
+      "catchphrase" => ["arrrr", "arrrr matey!"]
+    }
+    assert_equal(expected_changes, pirate.changes)
+    assert_equal("arrrr", pirate.catchphrase_was)
+    assert pirate.catchphrase_changed?(from: "arrrr")
+    assert_not pirate.catchphrase_changed?(from: "anything else")
+    assert pirate.changed_attributes.include?(:catchphrase)
+
+    pirate.save!
+    pirate.reload
+
+    assert_equal "arrrr matey!", pirate.catchphrase
+    assert_not pirate.changed?
+  end
+
+  test "in place mutation for binary" do
+    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
+      self.table_name = :binaries
+      serialize :data
+    end
+
+    binary = klass.create!(data: "\\\\foo")
+
+    assert_not binary.changed?
+
+    binary.data = binary.data.dup
+
+    assert_not binary.changed?
+
+    binary = klass.last
+
+    assert_not binary.changed?
+
+    binary.data << "bar"
+
+    assert binary.changed?
+  end
+
+  test "attribute_changed? doesn't compute in-place changes for unrelated attributes" do
+    test_type_class = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Type::Value) do
+      define_method(:changed_in_place?) do |*|
+        raise
+      end
+    end
+    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
+      self.table_name = 'people'
+      attribute :foo, test_type_class.new
+    end
+
+    model = klass.new(first_name: "Jim")
+    assert model.first_name_changed?
+  end
+
+  test "attribute_will_change! doesn't try to save non-persistable attributes" do
+    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
+      self.table_name = 'people'
+      attribute :non_persisted_attribute, :string
+    end
+
+    record = klass.new(first_name: "Sean")
+    record.non_persisted_attribute_will_change!
+
+    assert record.non_persisted_attribute_changed?
+    assert record.save
+  end
+
+  test "mutating and then assigning doesn't remove the change" do
+    pirate = Pirate.create!(catchphrase: "arrrr")
+    pirate.catchphrase << " matey!"
+    pirate.catchphrase = "arrrr matey!"
+
+    assert pirate.catchphrase_changed?(from: "arrrr", to: "arrrr matey!")
+  end
+
+  test "getters with side effects are allowed" do
+    klass = Class.new(Pirate) do
+      def catchphrase
+        if super.blank?
+          update_attribute(:catchphrase, "arr") # what could possibly go wrong?
+        end
+        super
+      end
+    end
+
+    pirate = klass.create!(catchphrase: "lol")
+    pirate.update_attribute(:catchphrase, nil)
+
+    assert_equal "arr", pirate.catchphrase
+  end
+
+  test "attributes assigned but not selected are dirty" do
+    person = Person.select(:id).first
+    refute person.changed?
+
+    person.first_name = "Sean"
+    assert person.changed?
+
+    person.first_name = nil
+    assert person.changed?
+  end
+
+  private
+    def with_partial_writes(klass, on = true)
+      old = klass.partial_writes?
+      klass.partial_writes = on
+      yield
+    ensure
+      klass.partial_writes = old
+    end
+
+    def check_pirate_after_save_failure(pirate)
+      assert pirate.changed?
+      assert pirate.parrot_id_changed?
+      assert_equal %w(parrot_id), pirate.changed
+      assert_nil pirate.parrot_id_was
+    end
+end