ibm_db 4.0.0-x86-mingw32 → 5.1.0-x86-mingw32

data/test/cases/associations/has_many_associations_test.rb

@@ -1,2501 +1,2501 @@
-require "cases/helper"
-require 'models/developer'
-require 'models/computer'
-require 'models/project'
-require 'models/company'
-require 'models/contract'
-require 'models/topic'
-require 'models/reply'
-require 'models/category'
-require 'models/image'
-require 'models/post'
-require 'models/author'
-require 'models/essay'
-require 'models/comment'
-require 'models/person'
-require 'models/reader'
-require 'models/tagging'
-require 'models/tag'
-require 'models/invoice'
-require 'models/line_item'
-require 'models/car'
-require 'models/bulb'
-require 'models/engine'
-require 'models/categorization'
-require 'models/minivan'
-require 'models/speedometer'
-require 'models/reference'
-require 'models/job'
-require 'models/college'
-require 'models/student'
-require 'models/pirate'
-require 'models/ship'
-require 'models/ship_part'
-require 'models/treasure'
-require 'models/parrot'
-require 'models/tyre'
-require 'models/subscriber'
-require 'models/subscription'
-require 'models/zine'
-require 'models/interest'
-
-class HasManyAssociationsTestForReorderWithJoinDependency < ActiveRecord::TestCase
-  fixtures :authors, :posts, :comments
-
-  def test_should_generate_valid_sql
-    author = authors(:david)
-    # this can fail on adapters which require ORDER BY expressions to be included in the SELECT expression
-    # if the reorder clauses are not correctly handled
-    assert author.posts_with_comments_sorted_by_comment_id.where('comments.id > 0').reorder('posts.comments_count DESC', 'posts.tags_count DESC').last
-  end
-end
-
-class HasManyAssociationsTestPrimaryKeys < ActiveRecord::TestCase
-  fixtures :authors, :essays, :subscribers, :subscriptions, :people
-
-  def test_custom_primary_key_on_new_record_should_fetch_with_query
-    subscriber = Subscriber.new(nick: 'webster132')
-    assert !subscriber.subscriptions.loaded?
-
-    assert_queries 1 do
-      assert_equal 2, subscriber.subscriptions.size
-    end
-
-    assert_equal Subscription.where(subscriber_id: "webster132"), subscriber.subscriptions
-  end
-
-  def test_association_primary_key_on_new_record_should_fetch_with_query
-    author = Author.new(:name => "David")
-    assert !author.essays.loaded?
-
-    assert_queries 1 do
-      assert_equal 1, author.essays.size
-    end
-
-    assert_equal Essay.where(writer_id: "David"), author.essays
-  end
-
-  def test_has_many_custom_primary_key
-    david = authors(:david)
-    assert_equal Essay.where(writer_id: "David"), david.essays
-  end
-
-  def test_ids_on_unloaded_association_with_custom_primary_key
-    david = people(:david)
-    assert_equal Essay.where(writer_id: "David").pluck(:id), david.essay_ids
-  end
-
-  def test_ids_on_loaded_association_with_custom_primary_key
-    david = people(:david)
-    david.essays.load
-    assert_equal Essay.where(writer_id: "David").pluck(:id), david.essay_ids
-  end
-
-  def test_has_many_assignment_with_custom_primary_key
-    david = people(:david)
-
-    assert_equal ["A Modest Proposal"], david.essays.map(&:name)
-    david.essays = [Essay.create!(name: "Remote Work" )]
-    assert_equal ["Remote Work"], david.essays.map(&:name)
-  end
-
-  def test_blank_custom_primary_key_on_new_record_should_not_run_queries
-    author = Author.new
-    assert !author.essays.loaded?
-
-    assert_queries 0 do
-      assert_equal 0, author.essays.size
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-class HasManyAssociationsTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
-  fixtures :accounts, :categories, :companies, :developers, :projects,
-           :developers_projects, :topics, :authors, :comments,
-           :posts, :readers, :taggings, :cars, :jobs, :tags,
-           :categorizations, :zines, :interests
-
-  def setup
-    Client.destroyed_client_ids.clear
-  end
-
-  def test_sti_subselect_count
-    tag = Tag.first
-    len = Post.tagged_with(tag.id).limit(10).size
-    assert_operator len, :>, 0
-  end
-
-  def test_anonymous_has_many
-    developer = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) {
-      self.table_name = 'developers'
-      dev = self
-
-      developer_project = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) {
-        self.table_name = 'developers_projects'
-        belongs_to :developer, :anonymous_class => dev
-      }
-      has_many :developer_projects, :anonymous_class => developer_project, :foreign_key => 'developer_id'
-    }
-    dev = developer.first
-    named = Developer.find(dev.id)
-    assert_operator dev.developer_projects.count, :>, 0
-    assert_equal named.projects.map(&:id).sort,
-                 dev.developer_projects.map(&:project_id).sort
-  end
-
-  def test_default_scope_on_relations_is_not_cached
-    counter = 0
-    posts = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) {
-      self.table_name = 'posts'
-      self.inheritance_column = 'not_there'
-      post = self
-
-      comments = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) {
-        self.table_name = 'comments'
-        self.inheritance_column = 'not_there'
-        belongs_to :post, :anonymous_class => post
-        default_scope -> {
-          counter += 1
-          where("id = :inc", :inc => counter)
-        }
-      }
-      has_many :comments, :anonymous_class => comments, :foreign_key => 'post_id'
-    }
-    assert_equal 0, counter
-    post = posts.first
-    assert_equal 0, counter
-    sql = capture_sql { post.comments.to_a }
-    post.comments.reset
-    assert_not_equal sql, capture_sql { post.comments.to_a }
-  end
-
-  def test_has_many_build_with_options
-    college = College.create(name: 'UFMT')
-    Student.create(active: true, college_id: college.id, name: 'Sarah')
-
-    assert_equal college.students, Student.where(active: true, college_id: college.id)
-  end
-
-  def test_add_record_to_collection_should_change_its_updated_at
-    ship = Ship.create(name: 'dauntless')
-    part = ShipPart.create(name: 'cockpit')
-    updated_at = part.updated_at
-
-    travel(1.second) do
-      ship.parts << part
-    end
-
-    assert_equal part.ship, ship
-    assert_not_equal part.updated_at, updated_at
-  end
-
-  def test_clear_collection_should_not_change_updated_at
-    # GH#17161: .clear calls delete_all (and returns the association),
-    # which is intended to not touch associated objects's updated_at field
-    ship = Ship.create(name: 'dauntless')
-    part = ShipPart.create(name: 'cockpit', ship_id: ship.id)
-
-    ship.parts.clear
-    part.reload
-
-    assert_equal nil, part.ship
-    assert !part.updated_at_changed?
-  end
-
-  def test_create_from_association_should_respect_default_scope
-    car = Car.create(:name => 'honda')
-    assert_equal 'honda', car.name
-
-    bulb = Bulb.create
-    assert_equal 'defaulty', bulb.name
-
-    bulb = car.bulbs.build
-    assert_equal 'defaulty', bulb.name
-
-    bulb = car.bulbs.create
-    assert_equal 'defaulty', bulb.name
-  end
-
-  def test_build_and_create_from_association_should_respect_passed_attributes_over_default_scope
-    car = Car.create(name: 'honda')
-
-    bulb = car.bulbs.build(name: 'exotic')
-    assert_equal 'exotic', bulb.name
-
-    bulb = car.bulbs.create(name: 'exotic')
-    assert_equal 'exotic', bulb.name
-
-    bulb = car.awesome_bulbs.build(frickinawesome: false)
-    assert_equal false, bulb.frickinawesome
-
-    bulb = car.awesome_bulbs.create(frickinawesome: false)
-    assert_equal false, bulb.frickinawesome
-  end
-
-  def test_build_from_association_should_respect_scope
-    author = Author.new
-
-    post = author.thinking_posts.build
-    assert_equal 'So I was thinking', post.title
-  end
-
-  def test_create_from_association_with_nil_values_should_work
-    car = Car.create(:name => 'honda')
-
-    bulb = car.bulbs.new(nil)
-    assert_equal 'defaulty', bulb.name
-
-    bulb = car.bulbs.build(nil)
-    assert_equal 'defaulty', bulb.name
-
-    bulb = car.bulbs.create(nil)
-    assert_equal 'defaulty', bulb.name
-  end
-
-  def test_do_not_call_callbacks_for_delete_all
-    car = Car.create(:name => 'honda')
-    car.funky_bulbs.create!
-    assert_nothing_raised { car.reload.funky_bulbs.delete_all }
-    assert_equal 0, Bulb.count, "bulbs should have been deleted using :delete_all strategy"
-  end
-
-  def test_delete_all_on_association_is_the_same_as_not_loaded
-    author = authors :david
-    author.thinking_posts.create!(:body => "test")
-    author.reload
-    expected_sql = capture_sql { author.thinking_posts.delete_all }
-
-    author.thinking_posts.create!(:body => "test")
-    author.reload
-    author.thinking_posts.inspect
-    loaded_sql = capture_sql { author.thinking_posts.delete_all }
-    assert_equal(expected_sql, loaded_sql)
-  end
-
-  def test_delete_all_on_association_with_nil_dependency_is_the_same_as_not_loaded
-    author = authors :david
-    author.posts.create!(:title => "test", :body => "body")
-    author.reload
-    expected_sql = capture_sql { author.posts.delete_all }
-
-    author.posts.create!(:title => "test", :body => "body")
-    author.reload
-    author.posts.to_a
-    loaded_sql = capture_sql { author.posts.delete_all }
-    assert_equal(expected_sql, loaded_sql)
-  end
-
-  def test_building_the_associated_object_with_implicit_sti_base_class
-    firm = DependentFirm.new
-    company = firm.companies.build
-    assert_kind_of Company, company, "Expected #{company.class} to be a Company"
-  end
-
-  def test_building_the_associated_object_with_explicit_sti_base_class
-    firm = DependentFirm.new
-    company = firm.companies.build(:type => "Company")
-    assert_kind_of Company, company, "Expected #{company.class} to be a Company"
-  end
-
-  def test_building_the_associated_object_with_sti_subclass
-    firm = DependentFirm.new
-    company = firm.companies.build(:type => "Client")
-    assert_kind_of Client, company, "Expected #{company.class} to be a Client"
-  end
-
-  def test_building_the_associated_object_with_an_invalid_type
-    firm = DependentFirm.new
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::SubclassNotFound) { firm.companies.build(:type => "Invalid") }
-  end
-
-  def test_building_the_associated_object_with_an_unrelated_type
-    firm = DependentFirm.new
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::SubclassNotFound) { firm.companies.build(:type => "Account") }
-  end
-
-  test "building the association with an array" do
-    speedometer = Speedometer.new(speedometer_id: "a")
-    data = [{name: "first"}, {name: "second"}]
-    speedometer.minivans.build(data)
-
-    assert_equal 2, speedometer.minivans.size
-    assert speedometer.save
-    assert_equal ["first", "second"], speedometer.reload.minivans.map(&:name)
-  end
-
-  def test_association_keys_bypass_attribute_protection
-    car = Car.create(:name => 'honda')
-
-    bulb = car.bulbs.new
-    assert_equal car.id, bulb.car_id
-
-    bulb = car.bulbs.new :car_id => car.id + 1
-    assert_equal car.id, bulb.car_id
-
-    bulb = car.bulbs.build
-    assert_equal car.id, bulb.car_id
-
-    bulb = car.bulbs.build :car_id => car.id + 1
-    assert_equal car.id, bulb.car_id
-
-    bulb = car.bulbs.create
-    assert_equal car.id, bulb.car_id
-
-    bulb = car.bulbs.create :car_id => car.id + 1
-    assert_equal car.id, bulb.car_id
-  end
-
-  def test_association_protect_foreign_key
-    invoice = Invoice.create
-
-    line_item = invoice.line_items.new
-    assert_equal invoice.id, line_item.invoice_id
-
-    line_item = invoice.line_items.new :invoice_id => invoice.id + 1
-    assert_equal invoice.id, line_item.invoice_id
-
-    line_item = invoice.line_items.build
-    assert_equal invoice.id, line_item.invoice_id
-
-    line_item = invoice.line_items.build :invoice_id => invoice.id + 1
-    assert_equal invoice.id, line_item.invoice_id
-
-    line_item = invoice.line_items.create
-    assert_equal invoice.id, line_item.invoice_id
-
-    line_item = invoice.line_items.create :invoice_id => invoice.id + 1
-    assert_equal invoice.id, line_item.invoice_id
-  end
-
-  # When creating objects on the association, we must not do it within a scope (even though it
-  # would be convenient), because this would cause that scope to be applied to any callbacks etc.
-  def test_build_and_create_should_not_happen_within_scope
-    car = cars(:honda)
-    scope = car.foo_bulbs.where_values_hash
-
-    bulb = car.foo_bulbs.build
-    assert_not_equal scope, bulb.scope_after_initialize.where_values_hash
-
-    bulb = car.foo_bulbs.create
-    assert_not_equal scope, bulb.scope_after_initialize.where_values_hash
-
-    bulb = car.foo_bulbs.create!
-    assert_not_equal scope, bulb.scope_after_initialize.where_values_hash
-  end
-
-  def test_no_sql_should_be_fired_if_association_already_loaded
-    Car.create(:name => 'honda')
-    bulbs = Car.first.bulbs
-    bulbs.to_a # to load all instances of bulbs
-
-    assert_no_queries do
-      bulbs.first()
-      bulbs.first({})
-    end
-
-    assert_no_queries do
-      bulbs.second()
-      bulbs.second({})
-    end
-
-    assert_no_queries do
-      bulbs.third()
-      bulbs.third({})
-    end
-
-    assert_no_queries do
-      bulbs.fourth()
-      bulbs.fourth({})
-    end
-
-    assert_no_queries do
-      bulbs.fifth()
-      bulbs.fifth({})
-    end
-
-    assert_no_queries do
-      bulbs.forty_two()
-      bulbs.forty_two({})
-    end
-
-    assert_no_queries do
-      bulbs.third_to_last()
-      bulbs.third_to_last({})
-    end
-
-    assert_no_queries do
-      bulbs.second_to_last()
-      bulbs.second_to_last({})
-    end
-
-    assert_no_queries do
-      bulbs.last()
-      bulbs.last({})
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_create_resets_cached_counters
-    person = Person.create!(:first_name => 'tenderlove')
-    post   = Post.first
-
-    assert_equal [], person.readers
-    assert_nil person.readers.find_by_post_id(post.id)
-
-    person.readers.create(:post_id => post.id)
-
-    assert_equal 1, person.readers.count
-    assert_equal 1, person.readers.length
-    assert_equal post, person.readers.first.post
-    assert_equal person, person.readers.first.person
-  end
-
-  def test_update_all_respects_association_scope
-    person = Person.new
-    person.first_name = 'Naruto'
-    person.references << Reference.new
-    person.id = 10
-    person.references
-    person.save!
-    assert_equal 1, person.references.update_all(favourite: true)
-  end
-
-  def test_exists_respects_association_scope
-    person = Person.new
-    person.first_name = 'Sasuke'
-    person.references << Reference.new
-    person.id = 10
-    person.references
-    person.save!
-    assert_predicate person.references, :exists?
-  end
-
-  def force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
-    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.each {|f| }
-  end
-
-  # sometimes tests on Oracle fail if ORDER BY is not provided therefore add always :order with :first
-  def test_counting_with_counter_sql
-    assert_equal 3, Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.clients.count
-  end
-
-  def test_counting
-    assert_equal 3, Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.plain_clients.count
-  end
-
-  def test_counting_with_single_hash
-    assert_equal 1, Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.plain_clients.where(:name => "Microsoft").count
-  end
-
-  def test_counting_with_column_name_and_hash
-    assert_equal 3, Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.plain_clients.count(:name)
-  end
-
-  def test_counting_with_association_limit
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    assert_equal firm.limited_clients.length, firm.limited_clients.size
-    assert_equal firm.limited_clients.length, firm.limited_clients.count
-  end
-
-  def test_finding
-    assert_equal 3, Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.clients.length
-  end
-
-  def test_finding_array_compatibility
-    assert_equal 3, Firm.order(:id).find{|f| f.id > 0}.clients.length
-  end
-
-  def test_find_many_with_merged_options
-    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).limited_clients.size
-    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).limited_clients.to_a.size
-    assert_equal 3, companies(:first_firm).limited_clients.limit(nil).to_a.size
-  end
-
-  def test_find_should_append_to_association_order
-    ordered_clients =  companies(:first_firm).clients_sorted_desc.order('companies.id')
-    assert_equal ['id DESC', 'companies.id'], ordered_clients.order_values
-  end
-
-  def test_dynamic_find_should_respect_association_order
-    assert_equal companies(:another_first_firm_client), companies(:first_firm).clients_sorted_desc.where("type = 'Client'").first
-    assert_equal companies(:another_first_firm_client), companies(:first_firm).clients_sorted_desc.find_by_type('Client')
-  end
-
-  def test_taking
-    posts(:other_by_bob).destroy
-    assert_equal posts(:misc_by_bob), authors(:bob).posts.take
-    assert_equal posts(:misc_by_bob), authors(:bob).posts.take!
-    authors(:bob).posts.to_a
-    assert_equal posts(:misc_by_bob), authors(:bob).posts.take
-    assert_equal posts(:misc_by_bob), authors(:bob).posts.take!
-  end
-
-  def test_taking_not_found
-    authors(:bob).posts.delete_all
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { authors(:bob).posts.take! }
-    authors(:bob).posts.to_a
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { authors(:bob).posts.take! }
-  end
-
-  def test_taking_with_a_number
-    # taking from unloaded Relation
-    bob = Author.find(authors(:bob).id)
-    assert_equal [posts(:misc_by_bob)], bob.posts.take(1)
-    bob = Author.find(authors(:bob).id)
-    assert_equal [posts(:misc_by_bob), posts(:other_by_bob)], bob.posts.take(2)
-
-    # taking from loaded Relation
-    bob.posts.to_a
-    assert_equal [posts(:misc_by_bob)], authors(:bob).posts.take(1)
-    assert_equal [posts(:misc_by_bob), posts(:other_by_bob)], authors(:bob).posts.take(2)
-  end
-
-  def test_taking_with_inverse_of
-    interests(:woodsmanship).destroy
-    interests(:survival).destroy
-
-    zine = zines(:going_out)
-    interest = zine.interests.take
-    assert_equal interests(:hunting), interest
-    assert_same zine, interest.zine
-  end
-
-  def test_cant_save_has_many_readonly_association
-    authors(:david).readonly_comments.each { |c| assert_raise(ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyRecord) { c.save! } }
-    authors(:david).readonly_comments.each { |c| assert c.readonly? }
-  end
-
-  def test_finding_default_orders
-    assert_equal "Summit", Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.clients.first.name
-  end
-
-  def test_finding_with_different_class_name_and_order
-    assert_equal "Apex", Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.clients_sorted_desc.first.name
-  end
-
-  def test_finding_with_foreign_key
-    assert_equal "Microsoft", Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.clients_of_firm.first.name
-  end
-
-  def test_finding_with_condition
-    assert_equal "Microsoft", Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.clients_like_ms.first.name
-  end
-
-  def test_finding_with_condition_hash
-    assert_equal "Microsoft", Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.clients_like_ms_with_hash_conditions.first.name
-  end
-
-  def test_finding_using_primary_key
-    assert_equal "Summit", Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.clients_using_primary_key.first.name
-  end
-
-  def test_update_all_on_association_accessed_before_save
-    firm = Firm.new(name: "Firm")
-    firm.clients << Client.first
-    firm.save!
-    assert_equal firm.clients.count, firm.clients.update_all(description: "Great!")
-  end
-
-  def test_update_all_on_association_accessed_before_save_with_explicit_foreign_key
-    firm = Firm.new(name: "Firm", id: 100)
-    firm.clients << Client.first
-    firm.save!
-    assert_equal firm.clients.count, firm.clients.update_all(description: "Great!")
-  end
-
-  def test_belongs_to_sanity
-    c = Client.new
-    assert_nil c.firm, "belongs_to failed sanity check on new object"
-  end
-
-  def test_find_ids
-    firm = Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first
-
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { firm.clients.find }
-
-    client = firm.clients.find(2)
-    assert_kind_of Client, client
-
-    client_ary = firm.clients.find([2])
-    assert_kind_of Array, client_ary
-    assert_equal client, client_ary.first
-
-    client_ary = firm.clients.find(2, 3)
-    assert_kind_of Array, client_ary
-    assert_equal 2, client_ary.size
-    assert_equal client, client_ary.first
-
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { firm.clients.find(2, 99) }
-  end
-
-  def test_find_one_message_on_primary_key
-    firm = Firm.all.merge!(order: "id").first
-
-    e = assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
-      firm.clients.find(0)
-    end
-    assert_equal 0, e.id
-    assert_equal "id", e.primary_key
-    assert_equal "Client", e.model
-    assert_match (/\ACouldn't find Client with 'id'=0/), e.message
-  end
-
-  def test_find_ids_and_inverse_of
-    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
-
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    client = firm.clients_of_firm.find(3)
-    assert_kind_of Client, client
-
-    client_ary = firm.clients_of_firm.find([3])
-    assert_kind_of Array, client_ary
-    assert_equal client, client_ary.first
-  end
-
-  def test_find_all
-    firm = Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first
-    assert_equal 3, firm.clients.where("#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Client'").to_a.length
-    assert_equal 1, firm.clients.where("name = 'Summit'").to_a.length
-  end
-
-  def test_find_each
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-
-    assert ! firm.clients.loaded?
-
-    assert_queries(4) do
-      firm.clients.find_each(:batch_size => 1) {|c| assert_equal firm.id, c.firm_id }
-    end
-
-    assert ! firm.clients.loaded?
-  end
-
-  def test_find_each_with_conditions
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-
-    assert_queries(2) do
-      firm.clients.where(name: 'Microsoft').find_each(batch_size: 1) do |c|
-        assert_equal firm.id, c.firm_id
-        assert_equal "Microsoft", c.name
-      end
-    end
-
-    assert ! firm.clients.loaded?
-  end
-
-  def test_find_in_batches
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-
-    assert ! firm.clients.loaded?
-
-    assert_queries(2) do
-      firm.clients.find_in_batches(:batch_size => 2) do |clients|
-        clients.each {|c| assert_equal firm.id, c.firm_id }
-      end
-    end
-
-    assert ! firm.clients.loaded?
-  end
-
-  def test_find_all_sanitized
-    # sometimes tests on Oracle fail if ORDER BY is not provided therefore add always :order with :first
-    firm = Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first
-    summit = firm.clients.where("name = 'Summit'").to_a
-    assert_equal summit, firm.clients.where("name = ?", "Summit").to_a
-    assert_equal summit, firm.clients.where("name = :name", { :name => "Summit" }).to_a
-  end
-
-  def test_find_first
-    firm = Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first
-    client2 = Client.find(2)
-    assert_equal firm.clients.first, firm.clients.order("id").first
-    assert_equal client2, firm.clients.where("#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Client'").order("id").first
-  end
-
-  def test_find_first_sanitized
-    firm = Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first
-    client2 = Client.find(2)
-    assert_equal client2, firm.clients.merge!(:where => ["#{QUOTED_TYPE} = ?", 'Client'], :order => "id").first
-    assert_equal client2, firm.clients.merge!(:where => ["#{QUOTED_TYPE} = :type", { :type => 'Client' }], :order => "id").first
-  end
-
-  def test_find_all_with_include_and_conditions
-    assert_nothing_raised do
-      Developer.all.merge!(:joins => :audit_logs, :where => {'audit_logs.message' => nil, :name => 'Smith'}).to_a
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_find_in_collection
-    assert_equal Client.find(2).name, companies(:first_firm).clients.find(2).name
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { companies(:first_firm).clients.find(6) }
-  end
-
-  def test_find_grouped
-    all_clients_of_firm1 = Client.all.merge!(:where => "firm_id = 1").to_a
-    grouped_clients_of_firm1 = Client.all.merge!(:where => "firm_id = 1", :group => "firm_id", :select => 'firm_id, count(id) as clients_count').to_a
-    assert_equal 3, all_clients_of_firm1.size
-    assert_equal 1, grouped_clients_of_firm1.size
-  end
-
-  def test_find_scoped_grouped
-    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).clients_grouped_by_firm_id.size
-    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).clients_grouped_by_firm_id.length
-    assert_equal 3, companies(:first_firm).clients_grouped_by_name.size
-    assert_equal 3, companies(:first_firm).clients_grouped_by_name.length
-  end
-
-  def test_find_scoped_grouped_having
-    assert_equal 1, authors(:david).popular_grouped_posts.length
-    assert_equal 0, authors(:mary).popular_grouped_posts.length
-  end
-
-  def test_default_select
-    assert_equal Comment.column_names.sort, posts(:welcome).comments.first.attributes.keys.sort
-  end
-
-  def test_select_query_method
-    assert_equal ['id', 'body'], posts(:welcome).comments.select(:id, :body).first.attributes.keys
-  end
-
-  def test_select_with_block
-    assert_equal [1], posts(:welcome).comments.select { |c| c.id == 1 }.map(&:id)
-  end
-
-  def test_select_without_foreign_key
-    assert_equal companies(:first_firm).accounts.first.credit_limit, companies(:first_firm).accounts.select(:credit_limit).first.credit_limit
-  end
-
-  def test_adding
-    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
-    natural = Client.new("name" => "Natural Company")
-    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm << natural
-    assert_equal 3, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.size # checking via the collection
-    assert_equal 3, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size # checking using the db
-    assert_equal natural, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.last
-  end
-
-  def test_adding_using_create
-    first_firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    assert_equal 3, first_firm.plain_clients.size
-    first_firm.plain_clients.create(:name => "Natural Company")
-    assert_equal 4, first_firm.plain_clients.length
-    assert_equal 4, first_firm.plain_clients.size
-  end
-
-  def test_create_with_bang_on_has_many_when_parent_is_new_raises
-    error = assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved) do
-      firm = Firm.new
-      firm.plain_clients.create! :name=>"Whoever"
-    end
-
-    assert_equal "You cannot call create unless the parent is saved", error.message
-  end
-
-  def test_regular_create_on_has_many_when_parent_is_new_raises
-    error = assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved) do
-      firm = Firm.new
-      firm.plain_clients.create :name=>"Whoever"
-    end
-
-    assert_equal "You cannot call create unless the parent is saved", error.message
-  end
-
-  def test_create_with_bang_on_has_many_raises_when_record_not_saved
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid) do
-      firm = Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first
-      firm.plain_clients.create!
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_create_with_bang_on_habtm_when_parent_is_new_raises
-    error = assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved) do
-      Developer.new("name" => "Aredridel").projects.create!
-    end
-
-    assert_equal "You cannot call create unless the parent is saved", error.message
-  end
-
-  def test_adding_a_mismatch_class
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch) { companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm << nil }
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch) { companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm << 1 }
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch) { companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm << Topic.find(1) }
-  end
-
-  def test_adding_a_collection
-    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
-    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.concat([Client.new("name" => "Natural Company"), Client.new("name" => "Apple")])
-    assert_equal 4, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.size
-    assert_equal 4, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size
-  end
-
-  def test_transactions_when_adding_to_persisted
-    good = Client.new(:name => "Good")
-    bad  = Client.new(:name => "Bad", :raise_on_save => true)
-
-    begin
-      companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.concat(good, bad)
-    rescue Client::RaisedOnSave
-    end
-
-    assert !companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.include?(good)
-  end
-
-  def test_transactions_when_adding_to_new_record
-    assert_no_queries(ignore_none: false) do
-      firm = Firm.new
-      firm.clients_of_firm.concat(Client.new("name" => "Natural Company"))
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_inverse_on_before_validate
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    assert_queries(1) do
-      firm.clients_of_firm << Client.new("name" => "Natural Company")
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_new_aliased_to_build
-    company = companies(:first_firm)
-    new_client = assert_no_queries(ignore_none: false) { company.clients_of_firm.new("name" => "Another Client") }
-    assert !company.clients_of_firm.loaded?
-
-    assert_equal "Another Client", new_client.name
-    assert !new_client.persisted?
-    assert_equal new_client, company.clients_of_firm.last
-  end
-
-  def test_build
-    company = companies(:first_firm)
-    new_client = assert_no_queries(ignore_none: false) { company.clients_of_firm.build("name" => "Another Client") }
-    assert !company.clients_of_firm.loaded?
-
-    assert_equal "Another Client", new_client.name
-    assert !new_client.persisted?
-    assert_equal new_client, company.clients_of_firm.last
-  end
-
-  def test_collection_size_after_building
-    company = companies(:first_firm)  # company already has one client
-    company.clients_of_firm.build("name" => "Another Client")
-    company.clients_of_firm.build("name" => "Yet Another Client")
-    assert_equal 4, company.clients_of_firm.size
-  end
-
-  def test_collection_not_empty_after_building
-    company = companies(:first_firm)
-    assert_predicate company.contracts, :empty?
-    company.contracts.build
-    assert_not_predicate company.contracts, :empty?
-  end
-
-  def test_collection_size_twice_for_regressions
-    post = posts(:thinking)
-    assert_equal 0, post.readers.size
-    # This test needs a post that has no readers, we assert it to ensure it holds,
-    # but need to reload the post because the very call to #size hides the bug.
-    post.reload
-    post.readers.build
-    size1 = post.readers.size
-    size2 = post.readers.size
-    assert_equal size1, size2
-  end
-
-  def test_build_many
-    company = companies(:first_firm)
-    new_clients = assert_no_queries(ignore_none: false) { company.clients_of_firm.build([{"name" => "Another Client"}, {"name" => "Another Client II"}]) }
-    assert_equal 2, new_clients.size
-  end
-
-  def test_build_followed_by_save_does_not_load_target
-    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.build("name" => "Another Client")
-    assert companies(:first_firm).save
-    assert !companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.loaded?
-  end
-
-  def test_build_without_loading_association
-    first_topic = topics(:first)
-    Reply.column_names
-
-    assert_equal 1, first_topic.replies.length
-
-    assert_no_queries do
-      first_topic.replies.build(:title => "Not saved", :content => "Superstars")
-      assert_equal 2, first_topic.replies.size
-    end
-
-    assert_equal 2, first_topic.replies.to_ary.size
-  end
-
-  def test_build_via_block
-    company = companies(:first_firm)
-    new_client = assert_no_queries(ignore_none: false) { company.clients_of_firm.build {|client| client.name = "Another Client" } }
-    assert !company.clients_of_firm.loaded?
-
-    assert_equal "Another Client", new_client.name
-    assert !new_client.persisted?
-    assert_equal new_client, company.clients_of_firm.last
-  end
-
-  def test_build_many_via_block
-    company = companies(:first_firm)
-    new_clients = assert_no_queries(ignore_none: false) do
-      company.clients_of_firm.build([{"name" => "Another Client"}, {"name" => "Another Client II"}]) do |client|
-        client.name = "changed"
-      end
-    end
-
-    assert_equal 2, new_clients.size
-    assert_equal "changed", new_clients.first.name
-    assert_equal "changed", new_clients.last.name
-  end
-
-  def test_create_without_loading_association
-    first_firm  = companies(:first_firm)
-    Firm.column_names
-    Client.column_names
-
-    assert_equal 2, first_firm.clients_of_firm.size
-    first_firm.clients_of_firm.reset
-
-    assert_queries(1) do
-      first_firm.clients_of_firm.create(:name => "Superstars")
-    end
-
-    assert_equal 3, first_firm.clients_of_firm.size
-  end
-
-  def test_create
-    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
-    new_client = companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.create("name" => "Another Client")
-    assert new_client.persisted?
-    assert_equal new_client, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.last
-    assert_equal new_client, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.last
-  end
-
-  def test_create_many
-    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.create([{"name" => "Another Client"}, {"name" => "Another Client II"}])
-    assert_equal 4, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size
-  end
-
-  def test_create_followed_by_save_does_not_load_target
-    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.create("name" => "Another Client")
-    assert companies(:first_firm).save
-    assert !companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.loaded?
-  end
-
-  def test_deleting
-    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
-    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.delete(companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.first)
-    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.size
-    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size
-  end
-
-  def test_deleting_before_save
-    new_firm = Firm.new("name" => "A New Firm, Inc.")
-    new_client = new_firm.clients_of_firm.build("name" => "Another Client")
-    assert_equal 1, new_firm.clients_of_firm.size
-    new_firm.clients_of_firm.delete(new_client)
-    assert_equal 0, new_firm.clients_of_firm.size
-  end
-
-  def test_has_many_without_counter_cache_option
-    # Ship has a conventionally named `treasures_count` column, but the counter_cache
-    # option is not given on the association.
-    ship = Ship.create(name: 'Countless', treasures_count: 10)
-
-    assert_not Ship.reflect_on_association(:treasures).has_cached_counter?
-
-    # Count should come from sql count() of treasures rather than treasures_count attribute
-    assert_equal ship.treasures.size, 0
-
-    assert_no_difference lambda { ship.reload.treasures_count }, "treasures_count should not be changed" do
-      ship.treasures.create(name: 'Gold')
-    end
-
-    assert_no_difference lambda { ship.reload.treasures_count }, "treasures_count should not be changed" do
-      ship.treasures.destroy_all
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_deleting_updates_counter_cache
-    topic = Topic.order("id ASC").first
-    assert_equal topic.replies.to_a.size, topic.replies_count
-
-    topic.replies.delete(topic.replies.first)
-    topic.reload
-    assert_equal topic.replies.to_a.size, topic.replies_count
-  end
-
-  def test_counter_cache_updates_in_memory_after_concat
-    topic = Topic.create title: "Zoom-zoom-zoom"
-
-    topic.replies << Reply.create(title: "re: zoom", content: "speedy quick!")
-    assert_equal 1, topic.replies_count
-    assert_equal 1, topic.replies.size
-    assert_equal 1, topic.reload.replies.size
-  end
-
-  def test_counter_cache_updates_in_memory_after_create
-    topic = Topic.create title: "Zoom-zoom-zoom"
-
-    topic.replies.create!(title: "re: zoom", content: "speedy quick!")
-    assert_equal 1, topic.replies_count
-    assert_equal 1, topic.replies.size
-    assert_equal 1, topic.reload.replies.size
-  end
-
-  def test_counter_cache_updates_in_memory_after_create_with_array
-    topic = Topic.create title: "Zoom-zoom-zoom"
-
-    topic.replies.create!([
-      { title: "re: zoom", content: "speedy quick!" },
-      { title: "re: zoom 2", content: "OMG lol!" },
-    ])
-    assert_equal 2, topic.replies_count
-    assert_equal 2, topic.replies.size
-    assert_equal 2, topic.reload.replies.size
-  end
-
-  def test_pushing_association_updates_counter_cache
-    topic = Topic.order("id ASC").first
-    reply = Reply.create!
-
-    assert_difference "topic.reload.replies_count", 1 do
-      topic.replies << reply
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_deleting_updates_counter_cache_without_dependent_option
-    post = posts(:welcome)
-
-    assert_difference "post.reload.tags_count", -1 do
-      post.taggings.delete(post.taggings.first)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_deleting_updates_counter_cache_with_dependent_delete_all
-    post = posts(:welcome)
-    post.update_columns(taggings_with_delete_all_count: post.tags_count)
-
-    assert_difference "post.reload.taggings_with_delete_all_count", -1 do
-      post.taggings_with_delete_all.delete(post.taggings_with_delete_all.first)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_deleting_updates_counter_cache_with_dependent_destroy
-    post = posts(:welcome)
-    post.update_columns(taggings_with_destroy_count: post.tags_count)
-
-    assert_difference "post.reload.taggings_with_destroy_count", -1 do
-      post.taggings_with_destroy.delete(post.taggings_with_destroy.first)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_empty_with_counter_cache
-    post = posts(:welcome)
-    assert_queries(0) do
-      assert_not post.comments.empty?
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_custom_named_counter_cache
-    topic = topics(:first)
-
-    assert_difference "topic.reload.replies_count", -1 do
-      topic.approved_replies.clear
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_update_attributes_on_id_changes_the_counter_cache
-    topic = Topic.order("id ASC").first
-    original_count = topic.replies.to_a.size
-    assert_equal original_count, topic.replies_count
-
-    first_reply = topic.replies.first
-    first_reply.update_attributes(:parent_id => nil)
-    assert_equal original_count - 1, topic.reload.replies_count
-
-    first_reply.update_attributes(:parent_id => topic.id)
-    assert_equal original_count, topic.reload.replies_count
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_update_attributes_changing_ids_doesnt_change_counter_cache
-    topic1 = Topic.find(1)
-    topic2 = Topic.find(3)
-    original_count1 = topic1.replies.to_a.size
-    original_count2 = topic2.replies.to_a.size
-
-    reply1 = topic1.replies.first
-    reply2 = topic2.replies.first
-
-    reply1.update_attributes(:parent_id => topic2.id)
-    assert_equal original_count1 - 1, topic1.reload.replies_count
-    assert_equal original_count2 + 1, topic2.reload.replies_count
-
-    reply2.update_attributes(:parent_id => topic1.id)
-    assert_equal original_count1, topic1.reload.replies_count
-    assert_equal original_count2, topic2.reload.replies_count
-  end
-
-  def test_deleting_a_collection
-    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
-    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.create("name" => "Another Client")
-    assert_equal 3, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.size
-    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.delete([companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm[0], companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm[1], companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm[2]])
-    assert_equal 0, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.size
-    assert_equal 0, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size
-  end
-
-  def test_delete_all
-    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
-    companies(:first_firm).dependent_clients_of_firm.create("name" => "Another Client")
-    clients = companies(:first_firm).dependent_clients_of_firm.to_a
-    assert_equal 3, clients.count
-
-    assert_difference "Client.count", -(clients.count) do
-      companies(:first_firm).dependent_clients_of_firm.delete_all
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_delete_all_with_not_yet_loaded_association_collection
-    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
-    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.create("name" => "Another Client")
-    assert_equal 3, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.size
-    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reset
-    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.delete_all
-    assert_equal 0, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.size
-    assert_equal 0, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size
-  end
-
-  def test_transaction_when_deleting_persisted
-    good = Client.new(:name => "Good")
-    bad  = Client.new(:name => "Bad", :raise_on_destroy => true)
-
-    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm = [good, bad]
-
-    begin
-      companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.destroy(good, bad)
-    rescue Client::RaisedOnDestroy
-    end
-
-    assert_equal [good, bad], companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload
-  end
-
-  def test_transaction_when_deleting_new_record
-    assert_no_queries(ignore_none: false) do
-      firm = Firm.new
-      client = Client.new("name" => "New Client")
-      firm.clients_of_firm << client
-      firm.clients_of_firm.destroy(client)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_clearing_an_association_collection
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    client_id = firm.clients_of_firm.first.id
-    assert_equal 2, firm.clients_of_firm.size
-
-    firm.clients_of_firm.clear
-
-    assert_equal 0, firm.clients_of_firm.size
-    assert_equal 0, firm.clients_of_firm.reload.size
-    assert_equal [], Client.destroyed_client_ids[firm.id]
-
-    # Should not be destroyed since the association is not dependent.
-    assert_nothing_raised do
-      assert_nil Client.find(client_id).firm
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_clearing_updates_counter_cache
-    topic = Topic.first
-
-    assert_difference 'topic.reload.replies_count', -1 do
-      topic.replies.clear
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_clearing_updates_counter_cache_when_inverse_counter_cache_is_a_symbol_with_dependent_destroy
-    car = Car.first
-    car.engines.create!
-
-    assert_difference 'car.reload.engines_count', -1 do
-      car.engines.clear
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_clearing_a_dependent_association_collection
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    client_id = firm.dependent_clients_of_firm.first.id
-    assert_equal 2, firm.dependent_clients_of_firm.size
-    assert_equal 1, Client.find_by_id(client_id).client_of
-
-    # :delete_all is called on each client since the dependent options is :destroy
-    firm.dependent_clients_of_firm.clear
-
-    assert_equal 0, firm.dependent_clients_of_firm.size
-    assert_equal 0, firm.dependent_clients_of_firm.reload.size
-    assert_equal [], Client.destroyed_client_ids[firm.id]
-
-    # Should be destroyed since the association is dependent.
-    assert_nil Client.find_by_id(client_id)
-  end
-
-  def test_delete_all_with_option_delete_all
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    client_id = firm.dependent_clients_of_firm.first.id
-    firm.dependent_clients_of_firm.delete_all(:delete_all)
-    assert_nil Client.find_by_id(client_id)
-  end
-
-  def test_delete_all_accepts_limited_parameters
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    assert_raise(ArgumentError) do
-      firm.dependent_clients_of_firm.delete_all(:destroy)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_clearing_an_exclusively_dependent_association_collection
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    client_id = firm.exclusively_dependent_clients_of_firm.first.id
-    assert_equal 2, firm.exclusively_dependent_clients_of_firm.size
-
-    assert_equal [], Client.destroyed_client_ids[firm.id]
-
-    # :exclusively_dependent means each client is deleted directly from
-    # the database without looping through them calling destroy.
-    firm.exclusively_dependent_clients_of_firm.clear
-
-    assert_equal 0, firm.exclusively_dependent_clients_of_firm.size
-    assert_equal 0, firm.exclusively_dependent_clients_of_firm.reload.size
-    # no destroy-filters should have been called
-    assert_equal [], Client.destroyed_client_ids[firm.id]
-
-    # Should be destroyed since the association is exclusively dependent.
-    assert_nil Client.find_by_id(client_id)
-  end
-
-  def test_dependent_association_respects_optional_conditions_on_delete
-    firm = companies(:odegy)
-    Client.create(:client_of => firm.id, :name => "BigShot Inc.")
-    Client.create(:client_of => firm.id, :name => "SmallTime Inc.")
-    # only one of two clients is included in the association due to the :conditions key
-    assert_equal 2, Client.where(client_of: firm.id).size
-    assert_equal 1, firm.dependent_conditional_clients_of_firm.size
-    firm.destroy
-    # only the correctly associated client should have been deleted
-    assert_equal 1, Client.where(client_of: firm.id).size
-  end
-
-  def test_dependent_association_respects_optional_sanitized_conditions_on_delete
-    firm = companies(:odegy)
-    Client.create(:client_of => firm.id, :name => "BigShot Inc.")
-    Client.create(:client_of => firm.id, :name => "SmallTime Inc.")
-    # only one of two clients is included in the association due to the :conditions key
-    assert_equal 2, Client.where(client_of: firm.id).size
-    assert_equal 1, firm.dependent_sanitized_conditional_clients_of_firm.size
-    firm.destroy
-    # only the correctly associated client should have been deleted
-    assert_equal 1, Client.where(client_of: firm.id).size
-  end
-
-  def test_dependent_association_respects_optional_hash_conditions_on_delete
-    firm = companies(:odegy)
-    Client.create(:client_of => firm.id, :name => "BigShot Inc.")
-    Client.create(:client_of => firm.id, :name => "SmallTime Inc.")
-    # only one of two clients is included in the association due to the :conditions key
-    assert_equal 2, Client.where(client_of: firm.id).size
-    assert_equal 1, firm.dependent_sanitized_conditional_clients_of_firm.size
-    firm.destroy
-    # only the correctly associated client should have been deleted
-    assert_equal 1, Client.where(client_of: firm.id).size
-  end
-
-  def test_delete_all_association_with_primary_key_deletes_correct_records
-    firm = Firm.first
-    # break the vanilla firm_id foreign key
-    assert_equal 3, firm.clients.count
-    firm.clients.first.update_columns(firm_id: nil)
-    assert_equal 2, firm.clients.reload.count
-    assert_equal 2, firm.clients_using_primary_key_with_delete_all.count
-    old_record = firm.clients_using_primary_key_with_delete_all.first
-    firm = Firm.first
-    firm.destroy
-    assert_nil Client.find_by_id(old_record.id)
-  end
-
-  def test_creation_respects_hash_condition
-    ms_client = companies(:first_firm).clients_like_ms_with_hash_conditions.build
-
-    assert        ms_client.save
-    assert_equal  'Microsoft', ms_client.name
-
-    another_ms_client = companies(:first_firm).clients_like_ms_with_hash_conditions.create
-
-    assert        another_ms_client.persisted?
-    assert_equal  'Microsoft', another_ms_client.name
-  end
-
-  def test_clearing_without_initial_access
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-
-    firm.clients_of_firm.clear
-
-    assert_equal 0, firm.clients_of_firm.size
-    assert_equal 0, firm.clients_of_firm.reload.size
-  end
-
-  def test_deleting_a_item_which_is_not_in_the_collection
-    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
-    summit = Client.find_by_name('Summit')
-    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.delete(summit)
-    assert_equal 2, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.size
-    assert_equal 2, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size
-    assert_equal 2, summit.client_of
-  end
-
-  def test_deleting_by_integer_id
-    david = Developer.find(1)
-
-    assert_difference 'david.projects.count', -1 do
-      assert_equal 1, david.projects.delete(1).size
-    end
-
-    assert_equal 1, david.projects.size
-  end
-
-  def test_deleting_by_string_id
-    david = Developer.find(1)
-
-    assert_difference 'david.projects.count', -1 do
-      assert_equal 1, david.projects.delete('1').size
-    end
-
-    assert_equal 1, david.projects.size
-  end
-
-  def test_deleting_self_type_mismatch
-    david = Developer.find(1)
-    david.projects.reload
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch) { david.projects.delete(Project.find(1).developers) }
-  end
-
-  def test_destroying
-    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
-
-    assert_difference "Client.count", -1 do
-      companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.destroy(companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.first)
-    end
-
-    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).reload.clients_of_firm.size
-    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size
-  end
-
-  def test_destroying_by_integer_id
-    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
-
-    assert_difference "Client.count", -1 do
-      companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.destroy(companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.first.id)
-    end
-
-    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).reload.clients_of_firm.size
-    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size
-  end
-
-  def test_destroying_by_string_id
-    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
-
-    assert_difference "Client.count", -1 do
-      companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.destroy(companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.first.id.to_s)
-    end
-
-    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).reload.clients_of_firm.size
-    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size
-  end
-
-  def test_destroying_a_collection
-    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
-    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.create("name" => "Another Client")
-    assert_equal 3, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.size
-
-    assert_difference "Client.count", -2 do
-      companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.destroy([companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm[0], companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm[1]])
-    end
-
-    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).reload.clients_of_firm.size
-    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size
-  end
-
-  def test_destroy_all
-    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
-    clients = companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.to_a
-    assert !clients.empty?, "37signals has clients after load"
-    destroyed = companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.destroy_all
-    assert_equal clients.sort_by(&:id), destroyed.sort_by(&:id)
-    assert destroyed.all?(&:frozen?), "destroyed clients should be frozen"
-    assert companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.empty?, "37signals has no clients after destroy all"
-    assert companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.empty?, "37signals has no clients after destroy all and refresh"
-  end
-
-  def test_dependence
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    assert_equal 3, firm.clients.size
-    firm.destroy
-    assert Client.all.merge!(:where => "firm_id=#{firm.id}").to_a.empty?
-  end
-
-  def test_dependence_for_associations_with_hash_condition
-    david = authors(:david)
-    assert_difference('Post.count', -1) { assert david.destroy }
-  end
-
-  def test_destroy_dependent_when_deleted_from_association
-    # sometimes tests on Oracle fail if ORDER BY is not provided therefore add always :order with :first
-    firm = Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first
-    assert_equal 3, firm.clients.size
-
-    client = firm.clients.first
-    firm.clients.delete(client)
-
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Client.find(client.id) }
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { firm.clients.find(client.id) }
-    assert_equal 2, firm.clients.size
-  end
-
-  def test_three_levels_of_dependence
-    topic = Topic.create "title" => "neat and simple"
-    reply = topic.replies.create "title" => "neat and simple", "content" => "still digging it"
-    reply.replies.create "title" => "neat and simple", "content" => "ain't complaining"
-
-    assert_nothing_raised { topic.destroy }
-  end
-
-  def test_dependence_with_transaction_support_on_failure
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    clients = firm.clients
-    assert_equal 3, clients.length
-    clients.last.instance_eval { def overwrite_to_raise() raise "Trigger rollback" end }
-
-    firm.destroy rescue "do nothing"
-
-    assert_equal 3, Client.all.merge!(:where => "firm_id=#{firm.id}").to_a.size
-  end
-
-  def test_dependence_on_account
-    num_accounts = Account.count
-    companies(:first_firm).destroy
-    assert_equal num_accounts - 1, Account.count
-  end
-
-  def test_depends_and_nullify
-    num_accounts = Account.count
-
-    core = companies(:rails_core)
-    assert_equal accounts(:rails_core_account), core.account
-    assert_equal companies(:leetsoft, :jadedpixel), core.companies
-    core.destroy
-    assert_nil accounts(:rails_core_account).reload.firm_id
-    assert_nil companies(:leetsoft).reload.client_of
-    assert_nil companies(:jadedpixel).reload.client_of
-
-    assert_equal num_accounts, Account.count
-  end
-
-  def test_restrict_with_exception
-    firm = RestrictedWithExceptionFirm.create!(:name => 'restrict')
-    firm.companies.create(:name => 'child')
-
-    assert !firm.companies.empty?
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::DeleteRestrictionError) { firm.destroy }
-    assert RestrictedWithExceptionFirm.exists?(:name => 'restrict')
-    assert firm.companies.exists?(:name => 'child')
-  end
-
-  def test_restrict_with_error_is_deprecated_using_key_many
-    I18n.backend = I18n::Backend::Simple.new
-    I18n.backend.store_translations :en, activerecord: { errors: { messages: { restrict_dependent_destroy: { many: 'message for deprecated key' } } } }
-
-    firm = RestrictedWithErrorFirm.create!(name: 'restrict')
-    firm.companies.create(name: 'child')
-
-    assert !firm.companies.empty?
-
-    assert_deprecated { firm.destroy }
-
-    assert !firm.errors.empty?
-
-    assert_equal 'message for deprecated key', firm.errors[:base].first
-    assert RestrictedWithErrorFirm.exists?(name: 'restrict')
-    assert firm.companies.exists?(name: 'child')
-  ensure
-    I18n.backend.reload!
-  end
-
-  def test_restrict_with_error
-    firm = RestrictedWithErrorFirm.create!(:name => 'restrict')
-    firm.companies.create(:name => 'child')
-
-    assert !firm.companies.empty?
-
-    firm.destroy
-
-    assert !firm.errors.empty?
-
-    assert_equal "Cannot delete record because dependent companies exist", firm.errors[:base].first
-    assert RestrictedWithErrorFirm.exists?(:name => 'restrict')
-    assert firm.companies.exists?(:name => 'child')
-  end
-
-  def test_restrict_with_error_with_locale
-    I18n.backend = I18n::Backend::Simple.new
-    I18n.backend.store_translations 'en', activerecord: {attributes: {restricted_with_error_firm: {companies: 'client companies'}}}
-    firm = RestrictedWithErrorFirm.create!(name: 'restrict')
-    firm.companies.create(name: 'child')
-
-    assert !firm.companies.empty?
-
-    firm.destroy
-
-    assert !firm.errors.empty?
-
-    assert_equal "Cannot delete record because dependent client companies exist", firm.errors[:base].first
-    assert RestrictedWithErrorFirm.exists?(name: 'restrict')
-    assert firm.companies.exists?(name: 'child')
-  ensure
-    I18n.backend.reload!
-  end
-
-  def test_included_in_collection
-    assert_equal true, companies(:first_firm).clients.include?(Client.find(2))
-  end
-
-  def test_included_in_collection_for_new_records
-    client = Client.create(:name => 'Persisted')
-    assert_nil client.client_of
-    assert_equal false, Firm.new.clients_of_firm.include?(client),
-     'includes a client that does not belong to any firm'
-  end
-
-  def test_adding_array_and_collection
-    assert_nothing_raised { Firm.first.clients + Firm.all.last.clients }
-  end
-
-  def test_replace_with_less
-    firm = Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first
-    firm.clients = [companies(:first_client)]
-    assert firm.save, "Could not save firm"
-    firm.reload
-    assert_equal 1, firm.clients.length
-  end
-
-  def test_replace_with_less_and_dependent_nullify
-    num_companies = Company.count
-    companies(:rails_core).companies = []
-    assert_equal num_companies, Company.count
-  end
-
-  def test_replace_with_new
-    firm = Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first
-    firm.clients = [companies(:second_client), Client.new("name" => "New Client")]
-    firm.save
-    firm.reload
-    assert_equal 2, firm.clients.length
-    assert_equal false, firm.clients.include?(:first_client)
-  end
-
-  def test_replace_failure
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    account = Account.new
-    orig_accounts = firm.accounts.to_a
-
-    assert !account.valid?
-    assert !orig_accounts.empty?
-    error = assert_raise ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved do
-      firm.accounts = [account]
-    end
-
-    assert_equal orig_accounts, firm.accounts
-    assert_equal "Failed to replace accounts because one or more of the " \
-                 "new records could not be saved.", error.message
-  end
-
-  def test_replace_with_same_content
-    firm = Firm.first
-    firm.clients = []
-    firm.save
-
-    assert_queries(0, ignore_none: true) do
-      firm.clients = []
-    end
-
-    assert_equal [], firm.send('clients=', [])
-  end
-
-  def test_transactions_when_replacing_on_persisted
-    good = Client.new(:name => "Good")
-    bad  = Client.new(:name => "Bad", :raise_on_save => true)
-
-    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm = [good]
-
-    begin
-      companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm = [bad]
-    rescue Client::RaisedOnSave
-    end
-
-    assert_equal [good], companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload
-  end
-
-  def test_transactions_when_replacing_on_new_record
-    assert_no_queries(ignore_none: false) do
-      firm = Firm.new
-      firm.clients_of_firm = [Client.new("name" => "New Client")]
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_get_ids
-    assert_equal [companies(:first_client).id, companies(:second_client).id, companies(:another_first_firm_client).id], companies(:first_firm).client_ids
-  end
-
-  def test_get_ids_for_loaded_associations
-    company = companies(:first_firm)
-    company.clients.reload
-    assert_queries(0) do
-      company.client_ids
-      company.client_ids
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_get_ids_for_unloaded_associations_does_not_load_them
-    company = companies(:first_firm)
-    assert !company.clients.loaded?
-    assert_equal [companies(:first_client).id, companies(:second_client).id, companies(:another_first_firm_client).id], company.client_ids
-    assert !company.clients.loaded?
-  end
-
-  def test_get_ids_ignores_include_option
-    assert_equal [readers(:michael_welcome).id], posts(:welcome).readers_with_person_ids
-  end
-
-  def test_get_ids_for_ordered_association
-    assert_equal [companies(:another_first_firm_client).id, companies(:second_client).id, companies(:first_client).id], companies(:first_firm).clients_ordered_by_name_ids
-  end
-
-  def test_get_ids_for_association_on_new_record_does_not_try_to_find_records
-    Company.columns  # Load schema information so we don't query below
-    Contract.columns # if running just this test.
-
-    company = Company.new
-    assert_queries(0) do
-      company.contract_ids
-    end
-
-    assert_equal [], company.contract_ids
-  end
-
-  def test_set_ids_for_association_on_new_record_applies_association_correctly
-    contract_a = Contract.create!
-    contract_b = Contract.create!
-    Contract.create! # another contract
-    company = Company.new(:name => "Some Company")
-
-    company.contract_ids = [contract_a.id, contract_b.id]
-    assert_equal [contract_a.id, contract_b.id], company.contract_ids
-    assert_equal [contract_a, contract_b], company.contracts
-
-    company.save!
-    assert_equal company, contract_a.reload.company
-    assert_equal company, contract_b.reload.company
-  end
-
-  def test_assign_ids_ignoring_blanks
-    firm = Firm.create!(:name => 'Apple')
-    firm.client_ids = [companies(:first_client).id, nil, companies(:second_client).id, '']
-    firm.save!
-
-    assert_equal 2, firm.clients.reload.size
-    assert_equal true, firm.clients.include?(companies(:second_client))
-  end
-
-  def test_get_ids_for_through
-    assert_equal [comments(:eager_other_comment1).id], authors(:mary).comment_ids
-  end
-
-  def test_modifying_a_through_a_has_many_should_raise
-    [
-      lambda { authors(:mary).comment_ids = [comments(:greetings).id, comments(:more_greetings).id] },
-      lambda { authors(:mary).comments = [comments(:greetings), comments(:more_greetings)] },
-      lambda { authors(:mary).comments << Comment.create!(:body => "Yay", :post_id => 424242) },
-      lambda { authors(:mary).comments.delete(authors(:mary).comments.first) },
-    ].each {|block| assert_raise(ActiveRecord::HasManyThroughCantAssociateThroughHasOneOrManyReflection, &block) }
-  end
-
-  def test_dynamic_find_should_respect_association_order_for_through
-    assert_equal Comment.find(10), authors(:david).comments_desc.where("comments.type = 'SpecialComment'").first
-    assert_equal Comment.find(10), authors(:david).comments_desc.find_by_type('SpecialComment')
-  end
-
-  def test_has_many_through_respects_hash_conditions
-    assert_equal authors(:david).hello_posts, authors(:david).hello_posts_with_hash_conditions
-    assert_equal authors(:david).hello_post_comments, authors(:david).hello_post_comments_with_hash_conditions
-  end
-
-  def test_include_uses_array_include_after_loaded
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    firm.clients.load_target
-
-    client = firm.clients.first
-
-    assert_no_queries do
-      assert firm.clients.loaded?
-      assert_equal true, firm.clients.include?(client)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_include_checks_if_record_exists_if_target_not_loaded
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    client = firm.clients.first
-
-    firm.reload
-    assert ! firm.clients.loaded?
-    assert_queries(1) do
-      assert_equal true, firm.clients.include?(client)
-    end
-    assert ! firm.clients.loaded?
-  end
-
-  def test_include_returns_false_for_non_matching_record_to_verify_scoping
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    client = Client.create!(:name => 'Not Associated')
-
-    assert ! firm.clients.loaded?
-    assert_equal false, firm.clients.include?(client)
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_first_nth_or_last_on_association_should_not_load_association
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    firm.clients.first
-    firm.clients.second
-    firm.clients.last
-    assert !firm.clients.loaded?
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_first_or_last_on_loaded_association_should_not_fetch_with_query
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    firm.clients.load_target
-    assert firm.clients.loaded?
-
-    assert_no_queries(ignore_none: false) do
-      firm.clients.first
-      assert_equal 2, firm.clients.first(2).size
-      firm.clients.last
-      assert_equal 2, firm.clients.last(2).size
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_first_or_last_on_existing_record_with_build_should_load_association
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    firm.clients.build(:name => 'Foo')
-    assert !firm.clients.loaded?
-
-    assert_queries 1 do
-      firm.clients.first
-      firm.clients.second
-      firm.clients.last
-    end
-
-    assert firm.clients.loaded?
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_first_nth_or_last_on_existing_record_with_create_should_not_load_association
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    firm.clients.create(:name => 'Foo')
-    assert !firm.clients.loaded?
-
-    assert_queries 3 do
-      firm.clients.first
-      firm.clients.second
-      firm.clients.last
-    end
-
-    assert !firm.clients.loaded?
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_first_nth_or_last_on_new_record_should_not_run_queries
-    firm = Firm.new
-
-    assert_no_queries do
-      firm.clients.first
-      firm.clients.second
-      firm.clients.last
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_first_or_last_with_integer_on_association_should_not_load_association
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    firm.clients.create(:name => 'Foo')
-    assert !firm.clients.loaded?
-
-    assert_queries 2 do
-      firm.clients.first(2)
-      firm.clients.last(2)
-    end
-
-    assert !firm.clients.loaded?
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_many_should_count_instead_of_loading_association
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    assert_queries(1) do
-      firm.clients.many?  # use count query
-    end
-    assert !firm.clients.loaded?
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_many_on_loaded_association_should_not_use_query
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    firm.clients.collect  # force load
-    assert_no_queries { assert firm.clients.many? }
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_many_should_defer_to_collection_if_using_a_block
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    assert_queries(1) do
-      firm.clients.expects(:size).never
-      firm.clients.many? { true }
-    end
-    assert firm.clients.loaded?
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_many_should_return_false_if_none_or_one
-    firm = companies(:another_firm)
-    assert !firm.clients_like_ms.many?
-    assert_equal 0, firm.clients_like_ms.size
-
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    assert !firm.limited_clients.many?
-    assert_equal 1, firm.limited_clients.size
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_many_should_return_true_if_more_than_one
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    assert firm.clients.many?
-    assert_equal 3, firm.clients.size
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_none_should_count_instead_of_loading_association
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    assert_queries(1) do
-      firm.clients.none?  # use count query
-    end
-    assert !firm.clients.loaded?
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_none_on_loaded_association_should_not_use_query
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    firm.clients.collect  # force load
-    assert_no_queries { assert ! firm.clients.none? }
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_none_should_defer_to_collection_if_using_a_block
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    assert_queries(1) do
-      firm.clients.expects(:size).never
-      firm.clients.none? { true }
-    end
-    assert firm.clients.loaded?
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_none_should_return_true_if_none
-    firm = companies(:another_firm)
-    assert firm.clients_like_ms.none?
-    assert_equal 0, firm.clients_like_ms.size
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_none_should_return_false_if_any
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    assert !firm.limited_clients.none?
-    assert_equal 1, firm.limited_clients.size
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_one_should_count_instead_of_loading_association
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    assert_queries(1) do
-      firm.clients.one?  # use count query
-    end
-    assert !firm.clients.loaded?
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_one_on_loaded_association_should_not_use_query
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    firm.clients.collect  # force load
-    assert_no_queries { assert ! firm.clients.one? }
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_one_should_defer_to_collection_if_using_a_block
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    assert_queries(1) do
-      firm.clients.expects(:size).never
-      firm.clients.one? { true }
-    end
-    assert firm.clients.loaded?
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_one_should_return_false_if_zero
-    firm = companies(:another_firm)
-    assert ! firm.clients_like_ms.one?
-    assert_equal 0, firm.clients_like_ms.size
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_one_should_return_true_if_one
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    assert firm.limited_clients.one?
-    assert_equal 1, firm.limited_clients.size
-  end
-
-  def test_calling_one_should_return_false_if_more_than_one
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    assert ! firm.clients.one?
-    assert_equal 3, firm.clients.size
-  end
-
-  def test_joins_with_namespaced_model_should_use_correct_type
-    old = ActiveRecord::Base.store_full_sti_class
-    ActiveRecord::Base.store_full_sti_class = true
-
-    firm = Namespaced::Firm.create({ :name => 'Some Company' })
-    firm.clients.create({ :name => 'Some Client' })
-
-    stats = Namespaced::Firm.all.merge!(
-      :select => "#{Namespaced::Firm.table_name}.id, COUNT(#{Namespaced::Client.table_name}.id) AS num_clients",
-      :joins  => :clients,
-      :group  => "#{Namespaced::Firm.table_name}.id"
-    ).find firm.id
-    assert_equal 1, stats.num_clients.to_i
-  ensure
-    ActiveRecord::Base.store_full_sti_class = old
-  end
-
-  def test_association_proxy_transaction_method_starts_transaction_in_association_class
-    Comment.expects(:transaction)
-    Post.first.comments.transaction do
-      # nothing
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_sending_new_to_association_proxy_should_have_same_effect_as_calling_new
-    client_association = companies(:first_firm).clients
-    assert_equal client_association.new.attributes, client_association.send(:new).attributes
-  end
-
-  def test_respond_to_private_class_methods
-    client_association = companies(:first_firm).clients
-    assert !client_association.respond_to?(:private_method)
-    assert client_association.respond_to?(:private_method, true)
-  end
-
-  def test_creating_using_primary_key
-    firm = Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first
-    client = firm.clients_using_primary_key.create!(:name => 'test')
-    assert_equal firm.name, client.firm_name
-  end
-
-  def test_defining_has_many_association_with_delete_all_dependency_lazily_evaluates_target_class
-    ActiveRecord::Reflection::AssociationReflection.any_instance.expects(:class_name).never
-    class_eval(<<-EOF, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
-      class DeleteAllModel < ActiveRecord::Base
-        has_many :nonentities, :dependent => :delete_all
-      end
-    EOF
-  end
-
-  def test_defining_has_many_association_with_nullify_dependency_lazily_evaluates_target_class
-    ActiveRecord::Reflection::AssociationReflection.any_instance.expects(:class_name).never
-    class_eval(<<-EOF, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
-      class NullifyModel < ActiveRecord::Base
-        has_many :nonentities, :dependent => :nullify
-      end
-    EOF
-  end
-
-  def test_attributes_are_being_set_when_initialized_from_has_many_association_with_where_clause
-    new_comment = posts(:welcome).comments.where(:body => "Some content").build
-    assert_equal new_comment.body, "Some content"
-  end
-
-  def test_attributes_are_being_set_when_initialized_from_has_many_association_with_multiple_where_clauses
-    new_comment = posts(:welcome).comments.where(:body => "Some content").where(:type => 'SpecialComment').build
-    assert_equal new_comment.body, "Some content"
-    assert_equal new_comment.type, "SpecialComment"
-    assert_equal new_comment.post_id, posts(:welcome).id
-  end
-
-  def test_include_method_in_has_many_association_should_return_true_for_instance_added_with_build
-    post = Post.new
-    comment = post.comments.build
-    assert_equal true, post.comments.include?(comment)
-  end
-
-  def test_load_target_respects_protected_attributes
-    topic = Topic.create!
-    reply = topic.replies.create(:title => "reply 1")
-    reply.approved = false
-    reply.save!
-
-    # Save with a different object instance, so the instance that's still held
-    # in topic.relies doesn't know about the changed attribute.
-    reply2 = Reply.find(reply.id)
-    reply2.approved = true
-    reply2.save!
-
-    # Force loading the collection from the db. This will merge the existing
-    # object (reply) with what gets loaded from the db (which includes the
-    # changed approved attribute). approved is a protected attribute, so if mass
-    # assignment is used, it won't get updated and will still be false.
-    first = topic.replies.to_a.first
-    assert_equal reply.id, first.id
-    assert_equal true, first.approved?
-  end
-
-  def test_to_a_should_dup_target
-    ary    = topics(:first).replies.to_a
-    target = topics(:first).replies.target
-
-    assert_not_equal target.object_id, ary.object_id
-  end
-
-  def test_merging_with_custom_attribute_writer
-    bulb = Bulb.new(:color => "red")
-    assert_equal "RED!", bulb.color
-
-    car = Car.create!
-    car.bulbs << bulb
-
-    assert_equal "RED!", car.bulbs.to_a.first.color
-  end
-
-  def test_abstract_class_with_polymorphic_has_many
-    post = SubStiPost.create! :title => "fooo", :body => "baa"
-    tagging = Tagging.create! :taggable => post
-    assert_equal [tagging], post.taggings
-  end
-
-  def test_with_polymorphic_has_many_with_custom_columns_name
-    post = Post.create! :title => 'foo', :body => 'bar'
-    image = Image.create!
-
-    post.images << image
-
-    assert_equal [image], post.images
-  end
-
-  def test_build_with_polymorphic_has_many_does_not_allow_to_override_type_and_id
-    welcome = posts(:welcome)
-    tagging = welcome.taggings.build(:taggable_id => 99, :taggable_type => 'ShouldNotChange')
-
-    assert_equal welcome.id, tagging.taggable_id
-    assert_equal 'Post', tagging.taggable_type
-  end
-
-  def test_dont_call_save_callbacks_twice_on_has_many
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    contract = firm.contracts.create!
-
-    assert_equal 1, contract.hi_count
-    assert_equal 1, contract.bye_count
-  end
-
-  def test_association_attributes_are_available_to_after_initialize
-    car = Car.create(:name => 'honda')
-    bulb = car.bulbs.build
-
-    assert_equal car.id, bulb.attributes_after_initialize['car_id']
-  end
-
-  def test_attributes_are_set_when_initialized_from_has_many_null_relationship
-    car  = Car.new name: 'honda'
-    bulb = car.bulbs.where(name: 'headlight').first_or_initialize
-    assert_equal 'headlight', bulb.name
-  end
-
-  def test_attributes_are_set_when_initialized_from_polymorphic_has_many_null_relationship
-    post    = Post.new title: 'title', body: 'bar'
-    tag     = Tag.create!(name: 'foo')
-
-    tagging = post.taggings.where(tag: tag).first_or_initialize
-
-    assert_equal tag.id, tagging.tag_id
-    assert_equal 'Post', tagging.taggable_type
-  end
-
-  def test_replace
-    car = Car.create(:name => 'honda')
-    bulb1 = car.bulbs.create
-    bulb2 = Bulb.create
-
-    assert_equal [bulb1], car.bulbs
-    car.bulbs.replace([bulb2])
-    assert_equal [bulb2], car.bulbs
-    assert_equal [bulb2], car.reload.bulbs
-  end
-
-  def test_replace_returns_target
-    car = Car.create(:name => 'honda')
-    bulb1 = car.bulbs.create
-    bulb2 = car.bulbs.create
-    bulb3 = Bulb.create
-
-    assert_equal [bulb1, bulb2], car.bulbs
-    result = car.bulbs.replace([bulb3, bulb1])
-    assert_equal [bulb1, bulb3], car.bulbs
-    assert_equal [bulb1, bulb3], result
-  end
-
-  def test_collection_association_with_private_kernel_method
-    firm = companies(:first_firm)
-    assert_equal [accounts(:signals37)], firm.accounts.open
-  end
-
-  test "first_or_initialize adds the record to the association" do
-    firm = Firm.create! name: 'omg'
-    client = firm.clients_of_firm.first_or_initialize
-    assert_equal [client], firm.clients_of_firm
-  end
-
-  test "first_or_create adds the record to the association" do
-    firm = Firm.create! name: 'omg'
-    firm.clients_of_firm.load_target
-    client = firm.clients_of_firm.first_or_create name: 'lol'
-    assert_equal [client], firm.clients_of_firm
-    assert_equal [client], firm.reload.clients_of_firm
-  end
-
-  test "delete_all, when not loaded, doesn't load the records" do
-    post = posts(:welcome)
-
-    assert post.taggings_with_delete_all.count > 0
-    assert !post.taggings_with_delete_all.loaded?
-
-    # 2 queries: one DELETE and another to update the counter cache
-    assert_queries(2) do
-      post.taggings_with_delete_all.delete_all
-    end
-  end
-
-  test "has many associations on new records use null relations" do
-    post = Post.new
-
-    assert_no_queries(ignore_none: false) do
-      assert_equal [], post.comments
-      assert_equal [], post.comments.where(body: 'omg')
-      assert_equal [], post.comments.pluck(:body)
-      assert_equal 0,  post.comments.sum(:id)
-      assert_equal 0,  post.comments.count
-    end
-  end
-
-  test "collection proxy respects default scope" do
-    author = authors(:mary)
-    assert !author.first_posts.exists?
-  end
-
-  test "association with extend option" do
-    post = posts(:welcome)
-    assert_equal "lifo",  post.comments_with_extend.author
-    assert_equal "hello", post.comments_with_extend.greeting
-  end
-
-  test "association with extend option with multiple extensions" do
-    post = posts(:welcome)
-    assert_equal "lifo",  post.comments_with_extend_2.author
-    assert_equal "hullo", post.comments_with_extend_2.greeting
-  end
-
-  test "extend option affects per association" do
-    post = posts(:welcome)
-    assert_equal "lifo",  post.comments_with_extend.author
-    assert_equal "lifo",  post.comments_with_extend_2.author
-    assert_equal "hello", post.comments_with_extend.greeting
-    assert_equal "hullo", post.comments_with_extend_2.greeting
-  end
-
-  test "delete record with complex joins" do
-    david = authors(:david)
-
-    post = david.posts.first
-    post.type = 'PostWithSpecialCategorization'
-    post.save
-
-    categorization = post.categorizations.first
-    categorization.special = true
-    categorization.save
-
-    assert_not_equal [], david.posts_with_special_categorizations
-    david.posts_with_special_categorizations = []
-    assert_equal [], david.posts_with_special_categorizations
-  end
-
-  test "does not duplicate associations when used with natural primary keys" do
-    speedometer = Speedometer.create!(id: '4')
-    speedometer.minivans.create!(minivan_id: 'a-van-red' ,name: 'a van', color: 'red')
-
-    assert_equal 1, speedometer.minivans.to_a.size, "Only one association should be present:\n#{speedometer.minivans.to_a}"
-    assert_equal 1, speedometer.reload.minivans.to_a.size
-  end
-
-  test "can unscope the default scope of the associated model" do
-    car = Car.create!
-    bulb1 = Bulb.create! name: "defaulty", car: car
-    bulb2 = Bulb.create! name: "other",    car: car
-
-    assert_equal [bulb1], car.bulbs
-    assert_equal [bulb1, bulb2], car.all_bulbs.sort_by(&:id)
-  end
-
-  test "can unscope and where the default scope of the associated model" do
-    Car.has_many :other_bulbs, -> { unscope(where: [:name]).where(name: 'other') }, class_name: "Bulb"
-    car = Car.create!
-    bulb1 = Bulb.create! name: "defaulty", car: car
-    bulb2 = Bulb.create! name: "other",    car: car
-
-    assert_equal [bulb1], car.bulbs
-    assert_equal [bulb2], car.other_bulbs
-  end
-
-  test "can rewhere the default scope of the associated model" do
-    Car.has_many :old_bulbs, -> { rewhere(name: 'old') }, class_name: "Bulb"
-    car = Car.create!
-    bulb1 = Bulb.create! name: "defaulty", car: car
-    bulb2 = Bulb.create! name: "old",      car: car
-
-    assert_equal [bulb1], car.bulbs
-    assert_equal [bulb2], car.old_bulbs
-  end
-
-  test 'unscopes the default scope of associated model when used with include' do
-    car = Car.create!
-    bulb = Bulb.create! name: "other", car: car
-
-    assert_equal [bulb], Car.find(car.id).all_bulbs
-    assert_equal [bulb], Car.includes(:all_bulbs).find(car.id).all_bulbs
-    assert_equal [bulb], Car.eager_load(:all_bulbs).find(car.id).all_bulbs
-  end
-
-  test "raises RecordNotDestroyed when replaced child can't be destroyed" do
-    car = Car.create!
-    original_child = FailedBulb.create!(car: car)
-
-    error = assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotDestroyed) do
-      car.failed_bulbs = [FailedBulb.create!]
-    end
-
-    assert_equal [original_child], car.reload.failed_bulbs
-    assert_equal "Failed to destroy the record", error.message
-  end
-
-  test 'updates counter cache when default scope is given' do
-    topic = DefaultRejectedTopic.create approved: true
-
-    assert_difference "topic.reload.replies_count", 1 do
-      topic.approved_replies.create!
-    end
-  end
-
-  test 'dangerous association name raises ArgumentError' do
-    [:errors, 'errors', :save, 'save'].each do |name|
-      assert_raises(ArgumentError, "Association #{name} should not be allowed") do
-        Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
-          has_many name
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  test 'passes custom context validation to validate children' do
-    pirate = FamousPirate.new
-    pirate.famous_ships << ship = FamousShip.new
-
-    assert pirate.valid?
-    assert_not pirate.valid?(:conference)
-    assert_equal "can't be blank", ship.errors[:name].first
-  end
-
-  test 'association with instance dependent scope' do
-    bob = authors(:bob)
-    Post.create!(title: "signed post by bob", body: "stuff", author: authors(:bob))
-    Post.create!(title: "anonymous post", body: "more stuff", author: authors(:bob))
-    assert_equal ["misc post by bob", "other post by bob",
-                  "signed post by bob"], bob.posts_with_signature.map(&:title).sort
-
-    assert_equal [], authors(:david).posts_with_signature.map(&:title)
-  end
-
-  test 'associations autosaves when object is already persisted' do
-    bulb = Bulb.create!
-    tyre = Tyre.create!
-
-    car = Car.create! do |c|
-      c.bulbs << bulb
-      c.tyres << tyre
-    end
-
-    assert_equal 1, car.bulbs.count
-    assert_equal 1, car.tyres.count
-  end
-
-  test 'associations replace in memory when records have the same id' do
-    bulb = Bulb.create!
-    car = Car.create!(bulbs: [bulb])
-
-    new_bulb = Bulb.find(bulb.id)
-    new_bulb.name = "foo"
-    car.bulbs = [new_bulb]
-
-    assert_equal "foo", car.bulbs.first.name
-  end
-
-  test 'in memory replacement executes no queries' do
-    bulb = Bulb.create!
-    car = Car.create!(bulbs: [bulb])
-
-    new_bulb = Bulb.find(bulb.id)
-
-    assert_no_queries do
-      car.bulbs = [new_bulb]
-    end
-  end
-
-  test 'in memory replacements do not execute callbacks' do
-    raise_after_add = false
-    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
-      self.table_name = :cars
-      has_many :bulbs, after_add: proc { raise if raise_after_add }
-
-      def self.name
-        "Car"
-      end
-    end
-    bulb = Bulb.create!
-    car = klass.create!(bulbs: [bulb])
-
-    new_bulb = Bulb.find(bulb.id)
-    raise_after_add = true
-
-    assert_nothing_raised do
-      car.bulbs = [new_bulb]
-    end
-  end
-
-  test 'in memory replacements sets inverse instance' do
-    bulb = Bulb.create!
-    car = Car.create!(bulbs: [bulb])
-
-    new_bulb = Bulb.find(bulb.id)
-    car.bulbs = [new_bulb]
-
-    assert_same car, new_bulb.car
-  end
-
-  test 'in memory replacement maintains order' do
-    first_bulb = Bulb.create!
-    second_bulb = Bulb.create!
-    car = Car.create!(bulbs: [first_bulb, second_bulb])
-
-    same_bulb = Bulb.find(first_bulb.id)
-    car.bulbs = [second_bulb, same_bulb]
-
-    assert_equal [first_bulb, second_bulb], car.bulbs
-  end
-
-  test "prevent double insertion of new object when the parent association loaded in the after save callback" do
-    reset_callbacks(:save, Bulb) do
-      Bulb.after_save { |record| record.car.bulbs.load }
-
-      car = Car.create!
-      car.bulbs << Bulb.new
-
-      assert_equal 1, car.bulbs.size
-    end
-  end
-
-  test "prevent double firing the before save callback of new object when the parent association saved in the callback" do
-    reset_callbacks(:save, Bulb) do
-      count = 0
-      Bulb.before_save { |record| record.car.save && count += 1 }
-
-      car = Car.create!
-      car.bulbs.create!
-
-      assert_equal 1, count
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_association_force_reload_with_only_true_is_deprecated
-    company = Company.find(1)
-
-    assert_deprecated { company.clients_of_firm(true) }
-  end
-
-  class AuthorWithErrorDestroyingAssociation < ActiveRecord::Base
-    self.table_name = "authors"
-    has_many :posts_with_error_destroying,
-      class_name: "PostWithErrorDestroying",
-      foreign_key: :author_id,
-      dependent: :destroy
-  end
-
-  class PostWithErrorDestroying < ActiveRecord::Base
-    self.table_name = "posts"
-    self.inheritance_column = nil
-    before_destroy -> { throw :abort }
-  end
-
-  def test_destroy_does_not_raise_when_association_errors_on_destroy
-    assert_no_difference "AuthorWithErrorDestroyingAssociation.count" do
-      author = AuthorWithErrorDestroyingAssociation.first
-
-      assert_not author.destroy
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_destroy_with_bang_bubbles_errors_from_associations
-    error = assert_raises ActiveRecord::RecordNotDestroyed do
-      AuthorWithErrorDestroyingAssociation.first.destroy!
-    end
-
-    assert_instance_of PostWithErrorDestroying, error.record
-  end
-
-  def test_ids_reader_memoization
-    car = Car.create!(name: 'Tofaş')
-    bulb = Bulb.create!(car: car)
-
-    assert_equal [bulb.id], car.bulb_ids
-    assert_no_queries { car.bulb_ids }
-  end
-
-  def test_loading_association_in_validate_callback_doesnt_affect_persistence
-    reset_callbacks(:validation, Bulb) do
-      Bulb.after_validation { |record| record.car.bulbs.load }
-
-      car = Car.create!(name: "Car")
-      bulb = car.bulbs.create!
-
-      assert_equal [bulb], car.bulbs
-    end
-  end
-
-  private
-
-    def reset_callbacks(kind, klass)
-      old_callbacks = {}
-      old_callbacks[klass] = klass.send("_#{kind}_callbacks").dup
-      klass.subclasses.each do |subclass|
-        old_callbacks[subclass] = subclass.send("_#{kind}_callbacks").dup
-      end
-      yield
-    ensure
-      klass.send("_#{kind}_callbacks=", old_callbacks[klass])
-      klass.subclasses.each do |subclass|
-        subclass.send("_#{kind}_callbacks=", old_callbacks[subclass])
-      end
-    end
-end
+require "cases/helper"
+require 'models/developer'
+require 'models/computer'
+require 'models/project'
+require 'models/company'
+require 'models/contract'
+require 'models/topic'
+require 'models/reply'
+require 'models/category'
+require 'models/image'
+require 'models/post'
+require 'models/author'
+require 'models/essay'
+require 'models/comment'
+require 'models/person'
+require 'models/reader'
+require 'models/tagging'
+require 'models/tag'
+require 'models/invoice'
+require 'models/line_item'
+require 'models/car'
+require 'models/bulb'
+require 'models/engine'
+require 'models/categorization'
+require 'models/minivan'
+require 'models/speedometer'
+require 'models/reference'
+require 'models/job'
+require 'models/college'
+require 'models/student'
+require 'models/pirate'
+require 'models/ship'
+require 'models/ship_part'
+require 'models/treasure'
+require 'models/parrot'
+require 'models/tyre'
+require 'models/subscriber'
+require 'models/subscription'
+require 'models/zine'
+require 'models/interest'
+
+class HasManyAssociationsTestForReorderWithJoinDependency < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+  fixtures :authors, :posts, :comments
+
+  def test_should_generate_valid_sql
+    author = authors(:david)
+    # this can fail on adapters which require ORDER BY expressions to be included in the SELECT expression
+    # if the reorder clauses are not correctly handled
+    assert author.posts_with_comments_sorted_by_comment_id.where('comments.id > 0').reorder('posts.comments_count DESC', 'posts.tags_count DESC').last
+  end
+end
+
+class HasManyAssociationsTestPrimaryKeys < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+  fixtures :authors, :essays, :subscribers, :subscriptions, :people
+
+  def test_custom_primary_key_on_new_record_should_fetch_with_query
+    subscriber = Subscriber.new(nick: 'webster132')
+    assert !subscriber.subscriptions.loaded?
+
+    assert_queries 1 do
+      assert_equal 2, subscriber.subscriptions.size
+    end
+
+    assert_equal Subscription.where(subscriber_id: "webster132"), subscriber.subscriptions
+  end
+
+  def test_association_primary_key_on_new_record_should_fetch_with_query
+    author = Author.new(:name => "David")
+    assert !author.essays.loaded?
+
+    assert_queries 1 do
+      assert_equal 1, author.essays.size
+    end
+
+    assert_equal Essay.where(writer_id: "David"), author.essays
+  end
+
+  def test_has_many_custom_primary_key
+    david = authors(:david)
+    assert_equal Essay.where(writer_id: "David"), david.essays
+  end
+
+  def test_ids_on_unloaded_association_with_custom_primary_key
+    david = people(:david)
+    assert_equal Essay.where(writer_id: "David").pluck(:id), david.essay_ids
+  end
+
+  def test_ids_on_loaded_association_with_custom_primary_key
+    david = people(:david)
+    david.essays.load
+    assert_equal Essay.where(writer_id: "David").pluck(:id), david.essay_ids
+  end
+
+  def test_has_many_assignment_with_custom_primary_key
+    david = people(:david)
+
+    assert_equal ["A Modest Proposal"], david.essays.map(&:name)
+    david.essays = [Essay.create!(name: "Remote Work" )]
+    assert_equal ["Remote Work"], david.essays.map(&:name)
+  end
+
+  def test_blank_custom_primary_key_on_new_record_should_not_run_queries
+    author = Author.new
+    assert !author.essays.loaded?
+
+    assert_queries 0 do
+      assert_equal 0, author.essays.size
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class HasManyAssociationsTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+  fixtures :accounts, :categories, :companies, :developers, :projects,
+           :developers_projects, :topics, :authors, :comments,
+           :posts, :readers, :taggings, :cars, :jobs, :tags,
+           :categorizations, :zines, :interests
+
+  def setup
+    Client.destroyed_client_ids.clear
+  end
+
+  def test_sti_subselect_count
+    tag = Tag.first
+    len = Post.tagged_with(tag.id).limit(10).size
+    assert_operator len, :>, 0
+  end
+
+  def test_anonymous_has_many
+    developer = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) {
+      self.table_name = 'developers'
+      dev = self
+
+      developer_project = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) {
+        self.table_name = 'developers_projects'
+        belongs_to :developer, :anonymous_class => dev
+      }
+      has_many :developer_projects, :anonymous_class => developer_project, :foreign_key => 'developer_id'
+    }
+    dev = developer.first
+    named = Developer.find(dev.id)
+    assert_operator dev.developer_projects.count, :>, 0
+    assert_equal named.projects.map(&:id).sort,
+                 dev.developer_projects.map(&:project_id).sort
+  end
+
+  def test_default_scope_on_relations_is_not_cached
+    counter = 0
+    posts = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) {
+      self.table_name = 'posts'
+      self.inheritance_column = 'not_there'
+      post = self
+
+      comments = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) {
+        self.table_name = 'comments'
+        self.inheritance_column = 'not_there'
+        belongs_to :post, :anonymous_class => post
+        default_scope -> {
+          counter += 1
+          where("id = :inc", :inc => counter)
+        }
+      }
+      has_many :comments, :anonymous_class => comments, :foreign_key => 'post_id'
+    }
+    assert_equal 0, counter
+    post = posts.first
+    assert_equal 0, counter
+    sql = capture_sql { post.comments.to_a }
+    post.comments.reset
+    assert_not_equal sql, capture_sql { post.comments.to_a }
+  end
+
+  def test_has_many_build_with_options
+    college = College.create(name: 'UFMT')
+    Student.create(active: true, college_id: college.id, name: 'Sarah')
+
+    assert_equal college.students, Student.where(active: true, college_id: college.id)
+  end
+
+  def test_add_record_to_collection_should_change_its_updated_at
+    ship = Ship.create(name: 'dauntless')
+    part = ShipPart.create(name: 'cockpit')
+    updated_at = part.updated_at
+
+    travel(1.second) do
+      ship.parts << part
+    end
+
+    assert_equal part.ship, ship
+    assert_not_equal part.updated_at, updated_at
+  end
+
+  def test_clear_collection_should_not_change_updated_at
+    # GH#17161: .clear calls delete_all (and returns the association),
+    # which is intended to not touch associated objects's updated_at field
+    ship = Ship.create(name: 'dauntless')
+    part = ShipPart.create(name: 'cockpit', ship_id: ship.id)
+
+    ship.parts.clear
+    part.reload
+
+    assert_equal nil, part.ship
+    assert !part.updated_at_changed?
+  end
+
+  def test_create_from_association_should_respect_default_scope
+    car = Car.create(:name => 'honda')
+    assert_equal 'honda', car.name
+
+    bulb = Bulb.create
+    assert_equal 'defaulty', bulb.name
+
+    bulb = car.bulbs.build
+    assert_equal 'defaulty', bulb.name
+
+    bulb = car.bulbs.create
+    assert_equal 'defaulty', bulb.name
+  end
+
+  def test_build_and_create_from_association_should_respect_passed_attributes_over_default_scope
+    car = Car.create(name: 'honda')
+
+    bulb = car.bulbs.build(name: 'exotic')
+    assert_equal 'exotic', bulb.name
+
+    bulb = car.bulbs.create(name: 'exotic')
+    assert_equal 'exotic', bulb.name
+
+    bulb = car.awesome_bulbs.build(frickinawesome: false)
+    assert_equal false, bulb.frickinawesome
+
+    bulb = car.awesome_bulbs.create(frickinawesome: false)
+    assert_equal false, bulb.frickinawesome
+  end
+
+  def test_build_from_association_should_respect_scope
+    author = Author.new
+
+    post = author.thinking_posts.build
+    assert_equal 'So I was thinking', post.title
+  end
+
+  def test_create_from_association_with_nil_values_should_work
+    car = Car.create(:name => 'honda')
+
+    bulb = car.bulbs.new(nil)
+    assert_equal 'defaulty', bulb.name
+
+    bulb = car.bulbs.build(nil)
+    assert_equal 'defaulty', bulb.name
+
+    bulb = car.bulbs.create(nil)
+    assert_equal 'defaulty', bulb.name
+  end
+
+  def test_do_not_call_callbacks_for_delete_all
+    car = Car.create(:name => 'honda')
+    car.funky_bulbs.create!
+    assert_nothing_raised { car.reload.funky_bulbs.delete_all }
+    assert_equal 0, Bulb.count, "bulbs should have been deleted using :delete_all strategy"
+  end
+
+  def test_delete_all_on_association_is_the_same_as_not_loaded
+    author = authors :david
+    author.thinking_posts.create!(:body => "test")
+    author.reload
+    expected_sql = capture_sql { author.thinking_posts.delete_all }
+
+    author.thinking_posts.create!(:body => "test")
+    author.reload
+    author.thinking_posts.inspect
+    loaded_sql = capture_sql { author.thinking_posts.delete_all }
+    assert_equal(expected_sql, loaded_sql)
+  end
+
+  def test_delete_all_on_association_with_nil_dependency_is_the_same_as_not_loaded
+    author = authors :david
+    author.posts.create!(:title => "test", :body => "body")
+    author.reload
+    expected_sql = capture_sql { author.posts.delete_all }
+
+    author.posts.create!(:title => "test", :body => "body")
+    author.reload
+    author.posts.to_a
+    loaded_sql = capture_sql { author.posts.delete_all }
+    assert_equal(expected_sql, loaded_sql)
+  end
+
+  def test_building_the_associated_object_with_implicit_sti_base_class
+    firm = DependentFirm.new
+    company = firm.companies.build
+    assert_kind_of Company, company, "Expected #{company.class} to be a Company"
+  end
+
+  def test_building_the_associated_object_with_explicit_sti_base_class
+    firm = DependentFirm.new
+    company = firm.companies.build(:type => "Company")
+    assert_kind_of Company, company, "Expected #{company.class} to be a Company"
+  end
+
+  def test_building_the_associated_object_with_sti_subclass
+    firm = DependentFirm.new
+    company = firm.companies.build(:type => "Client")
+    assert_kind_of Client, company, "Expected #{company.class} to be a Client"
+  end
+
+  def test_building_the_associated_object_with_an_invalid_type
+    firm = DependentFirm.new
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::SubclassNotFound) { firm.companies.build(:type => "Invalid") }
+  end
+
+  def test_building_the_associated_object_with_an_unrelated_type
+    firm = DependentFirm.new
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::SubclassNotFound) { firm.companies.build(:type => "Account") }
+  end
+
+  test "building the association with an array" do
+    speedometer = Speedometer.new(speedometer_id: "a")
+    data = [{name: "first"}, {name: "second"}]
+    speedometer.minivans.build(data)
+
+    assert_equal 2, speedometer.minivans.size
+    assert speedometer.save
+    assert_equal ["first", "second"], speedometer.reload.minivans.map(&:name)
+  end
+
+  def test_association_keys_bypass_attribute_protection
+    car = Car.create(:name => 'honda')
+
+    bulb = car.bulbs.new
+    assert_equal car.id, bulb.car_id
+
+    bulb = car.bulbs.new :car_id => car.id + 1
+    assert_equal car.id, bulb.car_id
+
+    bulb = car.bulbs.build
+    assert_equal car.id, bulb.car_id
+
+    bulb = car.bulbs.build :car_id => car.id + 1
+    assert_equal car.id, bulb.car_id
+
+    bulb = car.bulbs.create
+    assert_equal car.id, bulb.car_id
+
+    bulb = car.bulbs.create :car_id => car.id + 1
+    assert_equal car.id, bulb.car_id
+  end
+
+  def test_association_protect_foreign_key
+    invoice = Invoice.create
+
+    line_item = invoice.line_items.new
+    assert_equal invoice.id, line_item.invoice_id
+
+    line_item = invoice.line_items.new :invoice_id => invoice.id + 1
+    assert_equal invoice.id, line_item.invoice_id
+
+    line_item = invoice.line_items.build
+    assert_equal invoice.id, line_item.invoice_id
+
+    line_item = invoice.line_items.build :invoice_id => invoice.id + 1
+    assert_equal invoice.id, line_item.invoice_id
+
+    line_item = invoice.line_items.create
+    assert_equal invoice.id, line_item.invoice_id
+
+    line_item = invoice.line_items.create :invoice_id => invoice.id + 1
+    assert_equal invoice.id, line_item.invoice_id
+  end
+
+  # When creating objects on the association, we must not do it within a scope (even though it
+  # would be convenient), because this would cause that scope to be applied to any callbacks etc.
+  def test_build_and_create_should_not_happen_within_scope
+    car = cars(:honda)
+    scope = car.foo_bulbs.where_values_hash
+
+    bulb = car.foo_bulbs.build
+    assert_not_equal scope, bulb.scope_after_initialize.where_values_hash
+
+    bulb = car.foo_bulbs.create
+    assert_not_equal scope, bulb.scope_after_initialize.where_values_hash
+
+    bulb = car.foo_bulbs.create!
+    assert_not_equal scope, bulb.scope_after_initialize.where_values_hash
+  end
+
+  def test_no_sql_should_be_fired_if_association_already_loaded
+    Car.create(:name => 'honda')
+    bulbs = Car.first.bulbs
+    bulbs.to_a # to load all instances of bulbs
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      bulbs.first()
+      bulbs.first({})
+    end
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      bulbs.second()
+      bulbs.second({})
+    end
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      bulbs.third()
+      bulbs.third({})
+    end
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      bulbs.fourth()
+      bulbs.fourth({})
+    end
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      bulbs.fifth()
+      bulbs.fifth({})
+    end
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      bulbs.forty_two()
+      bulbs.forty_two({})
+    end
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      bulbs.third_to_last()
+      bulbs.third_to_last({})
+    end
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      bulbs.second_to_last()
+      bulbs.second_to_last({})
+    end
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      bulbs.last()
+      bulbs.last({})
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_create_resets_cached_counters
+    person = Person.create!(:first_name => 'tenderlove')
+    post   = Post.first
+
+    assert_equal [], person.readers
+    assert_nil person.readers.find_by_post_id(post.id)
+
+    person.readers.create(:post_id => post.id)
+
+    assert_equal 1, person.readers.count
+    assert_equal 1, person.readers.length
+    assert_equal post, person.readers.first.post
+    assert_equal person, person.readers.first.person
+  end
+
+  def test_update_all_respects_association_scope
+    person = Person.new
+    person.first_name = 'Naruto'
+    person.references << Reference.new
+    person.id = 10
+    person.references
+    person.save!
+    assert_equal 1, person.references.update_all(favourite: true)
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_respects_association_scope
+    person = Person.new
+    person.first_name = 'Sasuke'
+    person.references << Reference.new
+    person.id = 10
+    person.references
+    person.save!
+    assert_predicate person.references, :exists?
+  end
+
+  def force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
+    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.each {|f| }
+  end
+
+  # sometimes tests on Oracle fail if ORDER BY is not provided therefore add always :order with :first
+  def test_counting_with_counter_sql
+    assert_equal 3, Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.clients.count
+  end
+
+  def test_counting
+    assert_equal 3, Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.plain_clients.count
+  end
+
+  def test_counting_with_single_hash
+    assert_equal 1, Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.plain_clients.where(:name => "Microsoft").count
+  end
+
+  def test_counting_with_column_name_and_hash
+    assert_equal 3, Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.plain_clients.count(:name)
+  end
+
+  def test_counting_with_association_limit
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert_equal firm.limited_clients.length, firm.limited_clients.size
+    assert_equal firm.limited_clients.length, firm.limited_clients.count
+  end
+
+  def test_finding
+    assert_equal 3, Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.clients.length
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_array_compatibility
+    assert_equal 3, Firm.order(:id).find{|f| f.id > 0}.clients.length
+  end
+
+  def test_find_many_with_merged_options
+    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).limited_clients.size
+    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).limited_clients.to_a.size
+    assert_equal 3, companies(:first_firm).limited_clients.limit(nil).to_a.size
+  end
+
+  def test_find_should_append_to_association_order
+    ordered_clients =  companies(:first_firm).clients_sorted_desc.order('companies.id')
+    assert_equal ['id DESC', 'companies.id'], ordered_clients.order_values
+  end
+
+  def test_dynamic_find_should_respect_association_order
+    assert_equal companies(:another_first_firm_client), companies(:first_firm).clients_sorted_desc.where("type = 'Client'").first
+    assert_equal companies(:another_first_firm_client), companies(:first_firm).clients_sorted_desc.find_by_type('Client')
+  end
+
+  def test_taking
+    posts(:other_by_bob).destroy
+    assert_equal posts(:misc_by_bob), authors(:bob).posts.take
+    assert_equal posts(:misc_by_bob), authors(:bob).posts.take!
+    authors(:bob).posts.to_a
+    assert_equal posts(:misc_by_bob), authors(:bob).posts.take
+    assert_equal posts(:misc_by_bob), authors(:bob).posts.take!
+  end
+
+  def test_taking_not_found
+    authors(:bob).posts.delete_all
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { authors(:bob).posts.take! }
+    authors(:bob).posts.to_a
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { authors(:bob).posts.take! }
+  end
+
+  def test_taking_with_a_number
+    # taking from unloaded Relation
+    bob = Author.find(authors(:bob).id)
+    assert_equal [posts(:misc_by_bob)], bob.posts.take(1)
+    bob = Author.find(authors(:bob).id)
+    assert_equal [posts(:misc_by_bob), posts(:other_by_bob)], bob.posts.take(2)
+
+    # taking from loaded Relation
+    bob.posts.to_a
+    assert_equal [posts(:misc_by_bob)], authors(:bob).posts.take(1)
+    assert_equal [posts(:misc_by_bob), posts(:other_by_bob)], authors(:bob).posts.take(2)
+  end
+
+  def test_taking_with_inverse_of
+    interests(:woodsmanship).destroy
+    interests(:survival).destroy
+
+    zine = zines(:going_out)
+    interest = zine.interests.take
+    assert_equal interests(:hunting), interest
+    assert_same zine, interest.zine
+  end
+
+  def test_cant_save_has_many_readonly_association
+    authors(:david).readonly_comments.each { |c| assert_raise(ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyRecord) { c.save! } }
+    authors(:david).readonly_comments.each { |c| assert c.readonly? }
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_default_orders
+    assert_equal "Summit", Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.clients.first.name
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_different_class_name_and_order
+    assert_equal "Apex", Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.clients_sorted_desc.first.name
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_foreign_key
+    assert_equal "Microsoft", Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.clients_of_firm.first.name
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_condition
+    assert_equal "Microsoft", Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.clients_like_ms.first.name
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_condition_hash
+    assert_equal "Microsoft", Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.clients_like_ms_with_hash_conditions.first.name
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_using_primary_key
+    assert_equal "Summit", Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first.clients_using_primary_key.first.name
+  end
+
+  def test_update_all_on_association_accessed_before_save
+    firm = Firm.new(name: "Firm")
+    firm.clients << Client.first
+    firm.save!
+    assert_equal firm.clients.count, firm.clients.update_all(description: "Great!")
+  end
+
+  def test_update_all_on_association_accessed_before_save_with_explicit_foreign_key
+    firm = Firm.new(name: "Firm", id: 100)
+    firm.clients << Client.first
+    firm.save!
+    assert_equal firm.clients.count, firm.clients.update_all(description: "Great!")
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_sanity
+    c = Client.new
+    assert_nil c.firm, "belongs_to failed sanity check on new object"
+  end
+
+  def test_find_ids
+    firm = Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first
+
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { firm.clients.find }
+
+    client = firm.clients.find(2)
+    assert_kind_of Client, client
+
+    client_ary = firm.clients.find([2])
+    assert_kind_of Array, client_ary
+    assert_equal client, client_ary.first
+
+    client_ary = firm.clients.find(2, 3)
+    assert_kind_of Array, client_ary
+    assert_equal 2, client_ary.size
+    assert_equal client, client_ary.first
+
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { firm.clients.find(2, 99) }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_one_message_on_primary_key
+    firm = Firm.all.merge!(order: "id").first
+
+    e = assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
+      firm.clients.find(0)
+    end
+    assert_equal 0, e.id
+    assert_equal "id", e.primary_key
+    assert_equal "Client", e.model
+    assert_match (/\ACouldn't find Client with 'id'=0/), e.message
+  end
+
+  def test_find_ids_and_inverse_of
+    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
+
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    client = firm.clients_of_firm.find(3)
+    assert_kind_of Client, client
+
+    client_ary = firm.clients_of_firm.find([3])
+    assert_kind_of Array, client_ary
+    assert_equal client, client_ary.first
+  end
+
+  def test_find_all
+    firm = Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first
+    assert_equal 3, firm.clients.where("#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Client'").to_a.length
+    assert_equal 1, firm.clients.where("name = 'Summit'").to_a.length
+  end
+
+  def test_find_each
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+
+    assert ! firm.clients.loaded?
+
+    assert_queries(4) do
+      firm.clients.find_each(:batch_size => 1) {|c| assert_equal firm.id, c.firm_id }
+    end
+
+    assert ! firm.clients.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_find_each_with_conditions
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+
+    assert_queries(2) do
+      firm.clients.where(name: 'Microsoft').find_each(batch_size: 1) do |c|
+        assert_equal firm.id, c.firm_id
+        assert_equal "Microsoft", c.name
+      end
+    end
+
+    assert ! firm.clients.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_find_in_batches
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+
+    assert ! firm.clients.loaded?
+
+    assert_queries(2) do
+      firm.clients.find_in_batches(:batch_size => 2) do |clients|
+        clients.each {|c| assert_equal firm.id, c.firm_id }
+      end
+    end
+
+    assert ! firm.clients.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_find_all_sanitized
+    # sometimes tests on Oracle fail if ORDER BY is not provided therefore add always :order with :first
+    firm = Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first
+    summit = firm.clients.where("name = 'Summit'").to_a
+    assert_equal summit, firm.clients.where("name = ?", "Summit").to_a
+    assert_equal summit, firm.clients.where("name = :name", { :name => "Summit" }).to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_find_first
+    firm = Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first
+    client2 = Client.find(2)
+    assert_equal firm.clients.first, firm.clients.order("id").first
+    assert_equal client2, firm.clients.where("#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Client'").order("id").first
+  end
+
+  def test_find_first_sanitized
+    firm = Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first
+    client2 = Client.find(2)
+    assert_equal client2, firm.clients.merge!(:where => ["#{QUOTED_TYPE} = ?", 'Client'], :order => "id").first
+    assert_equal client2, firm.clients.merge!(:where => ["#{QUOTED_TYPE} = :type", { :type => 'Client' }], :order => "id").first
+  end
+
+  def test_find_all_with_include_and_conditions
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      Developer.all.merge!(:joins => :audit_logs, :where => {'audit_logs.message' => nil, :name => 'Smith'}).to_a
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_find_in_collection
+    assert_equal Client.find(2).name, companies(:first_firm).clients.find(2).name
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { companies(:first_firm).clients.find(6) }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_grouped
+    all_clients_of_firm1 = Client.all.merge!(:where => "firm_id = 1").to_a
+    grouped_clients_of_firm1 = Client.all.merge!(:where => "firm_id = 1", :group => "firm_id", :select => 'firm_id, count(id) as clients_count').to_a
+    assert_equal 3, all_clients_of_firm1.size
+    assert_equal 1, grouped_clients_of_firm1.size
+  end
+
+  def test_find_scoped_grouped
+    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).clients_grouped_by_firm_id.size
+    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).clients_grouped_by_firm_id.length
+    assert_equal 3, companies(:first_firm).clients_grouped_by_name.size
+    assert_equal 3, companies(:first_firm).clients_grouped_by_name.length
+  end
+
+  def test_find_scoped_grouped_having
+    assert_equal 1, authors(:david).popular_grouped_posts.length
+    assert_equal 0, authors(:mary).popular_grouped_posts.length
+  end
+
+  def test_default_select
+    assert_equal Comment.column_names.sort, posts(:welcome).comments.first.attributes.keys.sort
+  end
+
+  def test_select_query_method
+    assert_equal ['id', 'body'], posts(:welcome).comments.select(:id, :body).first.attributes.keys
+  end
+
+  def test_select_with_block
+    assert_equal [1], posts(:welcome).comments.select { |c| c.id == 1 }.map(&:id)
+  end
+
+  def test_select_without_foreign_key
+    assert_equal companies(:first_firm).accounts.first.credit_limit, companies(:first_firm).accounts.select(:credit_limit).first.credit_limit
+  end
+
+  def test_adding
+    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
+    natural = Client.new("name" => "Natural Company")
+    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm << natural
+    assert_equal 3, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.size # checking via the collection
+    assert_equal 3, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size # checking using the db
+    assert_equal natural, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.last
+  end
+
+  def test_adding_using_create
+    first_firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert_equal 3, first_firm.plain_clients.size
+    first_firm.plain_clients.create(:name => "Natural Company")
+    assert_equal 4, first_firm.plain_clients.length
+    assert_equal 4, first_firm.plain_clients.size
+  end
+
+  def test_create_with_bang_on_has_many_when_parent_is_new_raises
+    error = assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved) do
+      firm = Firm.new
+      firm.plain_clients.create! :name=>"Whoever"
+    end
+
+    assert_equal "You cannot call create unless the parent is saved", error.message
+  end
+
+  def test_regular_create_on_has_many_when_parent_is_new_raises
+    error = assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved) do
+      firm = Firm.new
+      firm.plain_clients.create :name=>"Whoever"
+    end
+
+    assert_equal "You cannot call create unless the parent is saved", error.message
+  end
+
+  def test_create_with_bang_on_has_many_raises_when_record_not_saved
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid) do
+      firm = Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first
+      firm.plain_clients.create!
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_create_with_bang_on_habtm_when_parent_is_new_raises
+    error = assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved) do
+      Developer.new("name" => "Aredridel").projects.create!
+    end
+
+    assert_equal "You cannot call create unless the parent is saved", error.message
+  end
+
+  def test_adding_a_mismatch_class
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch) { companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm << nil }
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch) { companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm << 1 }
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch) { companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm << Topic.find(1) }
+  end
+
+  def test_adding_a_collection
+    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
+    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.concat([Client.new("name" => "Natural Company"), Client.new("name" => "Apple")])
+    assert_equal 4, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.size
+    assert_equal 4, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size
+  end
+
+  def test_transactions_when_adding_to_persisted
+    good = Client.new(:name => "Good")
+    bad  = Client.new(:name => "Bad", :raise_on_save => true)
+
+    begin
+      companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.concat(good, bad)
+    rescue Client::RaisedOnSave
+    end
+
+    assert !companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.include?(good)
+  end
+
+  def test_transactions_when_adding_to_new_record
+    assert_no_queries(ignore_none: false) do
+      firm = Firm.new
+      firm.clients_of_firm.concat(Client.new("name" => "Natural Company"))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_inverse_on_before_validate
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      firm.clients_of_firm << Client.new("name" => "Natural Company")
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_new_aliased_to_build
+    company = companies(:first_firm)
+    new_client = assert_no_queries(ignore_none: false) { company.clients_of_firm.new("name" => "Another Client") }
+    assert !company.clients_of_firm.loaded?
+
+    assert_equal "Another Client", new_client.name
+    assert !new_client.persisted?
+    assert_equal new_client, company.clients_of_firm.last
+  end
+
+  def test_build
+    company = companies(:first_firm)
+    new_client = assert_no_queries(ignore_none: false) { company.clients_of_firm.build("name" => "Another Client") }
+    assert !company.clients_of_firm.loaded?
+
+    assert_equal "Another Client", new_client.name
+    assert !new_client.persisted?
+    assert_equal new_client, company.clients_of_firm.last
+  end
+
+  def test_collection_size_after_building
+    company = companies(:first_firm)  # company already has one client
+    company.clients_of_firm.build("name" => "Another Client")
+    company.clients_of_firm.build("name" => "Yet Another Client")
+    assert_equal 4, company.clients_of_firm.size
+  end
+
+  def test_collection_not_empty_after_building
+    company = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert_predicate company.contracts, :empty?
+    company.contracts.build
+    assert_not_predicate company.contracts, :empty?
+  end
+
+  def test_collection_size_twice_for_regressions
+    post = posts(:thinking)
+    assert_equal 0, post.readers.size
+    # This test needs a post that has no readers, we assert it to ensure it holds,
+    # but need to reload the post because the very call to #size hides the bug.
+    post.reload
+    post.readers.build
+    size1 = post.readers.size
+    size2 = post.readers.size
+    assert_equal size1, size2
+  end
+
+  def test_build_many
+    company = companies(:first_firm)
+    new_clients = assert_no_queries(ignore_none: false) { company.clients_of_firm.build([{"name" => "Another Client"}, {"name" => "Another Client II"}]) }
+    assert_equal 2, new_clients.size
+  end
+
+  def test_build_followed_by_save_does_not_load_target
+    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.build("name" => "Another Client")
+    assert companies(:first_firm).save
+    assert !companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_build_without_loading_association
+    first_topic = topics(:first)
+    Reply.column_names
+
+    assert_equal 1, first_topic.replies.length
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      first_topic.replies.build(:title => "Not saved", :content => "Superstars")
+      assert_equal 2, first_topic.replies.size
+    end
+
+    assert_equal 2, first_topic.replies.to_ary.size
+  end
+
+  def test_build_via_block
+    company = companies(:first_firm)
+    new_client = assert_no_queries(ignore_none: false) { company.clients_of_firm.build {|client| client.name = "Another Client" } }
+    assert !company.clients_of_firm.loaded?
+
+    assert_equal "Another Client", new_client.name
+    assert !new_client.persisted?
+    assert_equal new_client, company.clients_of_firm.last
+  end
+
+  def test_build_many_via_block
+    company = companies(:first_firm)
+    new_clients = assert_no_queries(ignore_none: false) do
+      company.clients_of_firm.build([{"name" => "Another Client"}, {"name" => "Another Client II"}]) do |client|
+        client.name = "changed"
+      end
+    end
+
+    assert_equal 2, new_clients.size
+    assert_equal "changed", new_clients.first.name
+    assert_equal "changed", new_clients.last.name
+  end
+
+  def test_create_without_loading_association
+    first_firm  = companies(:first_firm)
+    Firm.column_names
+    Client.column_names
+
+    assert_equal 2, first_firm.clients_of_firm.size
+    first_firm.clients_of_firm.reset
+
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      first_firm.clients_of_firm.create(:name => "Superstars")
+    end
+
+    assert_equal 3, first_firm.clients_of_firm.size
+  end
+
+  def test_create
+    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
+    new_client = companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.create("name" => "Another Client")
+    assert new_client.persisted?
+    assert_equal new_client, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.last
+    assert_equal new_client, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.last
+  end
+
+  def test_create_many
+    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.create([{"name" => "Another Client"}, {"name" => "Another Client II"}])
+    assert_equal 4, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size
+  end
+
+  def test_create_followed_by_save_does_not_load_target
+    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.create("name" => "Another Client")
+    assert companies(:first_firm).save
+    assert !companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_deleting
+    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
+    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.delete(companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.first)
+    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.size
+    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size
+  end
+
+  def test_deleting_before_save
+    new_firm = Firm.new("name" => "A New Firm, Inc.")
+    new_client = new_firm.clients_of_firm.build("name" => "Another Client")
+    assert_equal 1, new_firm.clients_of_firm.size
+    new_firm.clients_of_firm.delete(new_client)
+    assert_equal 0, new_firm.clients_of_firm.size
+  end
+
+  def test_has_many_without_counter_cache_option
+    # Ship has a conventionally named `treasures_count` column, but the counter_cache
+    # option is not given on the association.
+    ship = Ship.create(name: 'Countless', treasures_count: 10)
+
+    assert_not Ship.reflect_on_association(:treasures).has_cached_counter?
+
+    # Count should come from sql count() of treasures rather than treasures_count attribute
+    assert_equal ship.treasures.size, 0
+
+    assert_no_difference lambda { ship.reload.treasures_count }, "treasures_count should not be changed" do
+      ship.treasures.create(name: 'Gold')
+    end
+
+    assert_no_difference lambda { ship.reload.treasures_count }, "treasures_count should not be changed" do
+      ship.treasures.destroy_all
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_deleting_updates_counter_cache
+    topic = Topic.order("id ASC").first
+    assert_equal topic.replies.to_a.size, topic.replies_count
+
+    topic.replies.delete(topic.replies.first)
+    topic.reload
+    assert_equal topic.replies.to_a.size, topic.replies_count
+  end
+
+  def test_counter_cache_updates_in_memory_after_concat
+    topic = Topic.create title: "Zoom-zoom-zoom"
+
+    topic.replies << Reply.create(title: "re: zoom", content: "speedy quick!")
+    assert_equal 1, topic.replies_count
+    assert_equal 1, topic.replies.size
+    assert_equal 1, topic.reload.replies.size
+  end
+
+  def test_counter_cache_updates_in_memory_after_create
+    topic = Topic.create title: "Zoom-zoom-zoom"
+
+    topic.replies.create!(title: "re: zoom", content: "speedy quick!")
+    assert_equal 1, topic.replies_count
+    assert_equal 1, topic.replies.size
+    assert_equal 1, topic.reload.replies.size
+  end
+
+  def test_counter_cache_updates_in_memory_after_create_with_array
+    topic = Topic.create title: "Zoom-zoom-zoom"
+
+    topic.replies.create!([
+      { title: "re: zoom", content: "speedy quick!" },
+      { title: "re: zoom 2", content: "OMG lol!" },
+    ])
+    assert_equal 2, topic.replies_count
+    assert_equal 2, topic.replies.size
+    assert_equal 2, topic.reload.replies.size
+  end
+
+  def test_pushing_association_updates_counter_cache
+    topic = Topic.order("id ASC").first
+    reply = Reply.create!
+
+    assert_difference "topic.reload.replies_count", 1 do
+      topic.replies << reply
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_deleting_updates_counter_cache_without_dependent_option
+    post = posts(:welcome)
+
+    assert_difference "post.reload.tags_count", -1 do
+      post.taggings.delete(post.taggings.first)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_deleting_updates_counter_cache_with_dependent_delete_all
+    post = posts(:welcome)
+    post.update_columns(taggings_with_delete_all_count: post.tags_count)
+
+    assert_difference "post.reload.taggings_with_delete_all_count", -1 do
+      post.taggings_with_delete_all.delete(post.taggings_with_delete_all.first)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_deleting_updates_counter_cache_with_dependent_destroy
+    post = posts(:welcome)
+    post.update_columns(taggings_with_destroy_count: post.tags_count)
+
+    assert_difference "post.reload.taggings_with_destroy_count", -1 do
+      post.taggings_with_destroy.delete(post.taggings_with_destroy.first)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_empty_with_counter_cache
+    post = posts(:welcome)
+    assert_queries(0) do
+      assert_not post.comments.empty?
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_custom_named_counter_cache
+    topic = topics(:first)
+
+    assert_difference "topic.reload.replies_count", -1 do
+      topic.approved_replies.clear
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_update_attributes_on_id_changes_the_counter_cache
+    topic = Topic.order("id ASC").first
+    original_count = topic.replies.to_a.size
+    assert_equal original_count, topic.replies_count
+
+    first_reply = topic.replies.first
+    first_reply.update_attributes(:parent_id => nil)
+    assert_equal original_count - 1, topic.reload.replies_count
+
+    first_reply.update_attributes(:parent_id => topic.id)
+    assert_equal original_count, topic.reload.replies_count
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_update_attributes_changing_ids_doesnt_change_counter_cache
+    topic1 = Topic.find(1)
+    topic2 = Topic.find(3)
+    original_count1 = topic1.replies.to_a.size
+    original_count2 = topic2.replies.to_a.size
+
+    reply1 = topic1.replies.first
+    reply2 = topic2.replies.first
+
+    reply1.update_attributes(:parent_id => topic2.id)
+    assert_equal original_count1 - 1, topic1.reload.replies_count
+    assert_equal original_count2 + 1, topic2.reload.replies_count
+
+    reply2.update_attributes(:parent_id => topic1.id)
+    assert_equal original_count1, topic1.reload.replies_count
+    assert_equal original_count2, topic2.reload.replies_count
+  end
+
+  def test_deleting_a_collection
+    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
+    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.create("name" => "Another Client")
+    assert_equal 3, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.size
+    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.delete([companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm[0], companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm[1], companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm[2]])
+    assert_equal 0, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.size
+    assert_equal 0, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size
+  end
+
+  def test_delete_all
+    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
+    companies(:first_firm).dependent_clients_of_firm.create("name" => "Another Client")
+    clients = companies(:first_firm).dependent_clients_of_firm.to_a
+    assert_equal 3, clients.count
+
+    assert_difference "Client.count", -(clients.count) do
+      companies(:first_firm).dependent_clients_of_firm.delete_all
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_delete_all_with_not_yet_loaded_association_collection
+    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
+    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.create("name" => "Another Client")
+    assert_equal 3, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.size
+    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reset
+    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.delete_all
+    assert_equal 0, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.size
+    assert_equal 0, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size
+  end
+
+  def test_transaction_when_deleting_persisted
+    good = Client.new(:name => "Good")
+    bad  = Client.new(:name => "Bad", :raise_on_destroy => true)
+
+    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm = [good, bad]
+
+    begin
+      companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.destroy(good, bad)
+    rescue Client::RaisedOnDestroy
+    end
+
+    assert_equal [good, bad], companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload
+  end
+
+  def test_transaction_when_deleting_new_record
+    assert_no_queries(ignore_none: false) do
+      firm = Firm.new
+      client = Client.new("name" => "New Client")
+      firm.clients_of_firm << client
+      firm.clients_of_firm.destroy(client)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_clearing_an_association_collection
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    client_id = firm.clients_of_firm.first.id
+    assert_equal 2, firm.clients_of_firm.size
+
+    firm.clients_of_firm.clear
+
+    assert_equal 0, firm.clients_of_firm.size
+    assert_equal 0, firm.clients_of_firm.reload.size
+    assert_equal [], Client.destroyed_client_ids[firm.id]
+
+    # Should not be destroyed since the association is not dependent.
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      assert_nil Client.find(client_id).firm
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_clearing_updates_counter_cache
+    topic = Topic.first
+
+    assert_difference 'topic.reload.replies_count', -1 do
+      topic.replies.clear
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_clearing_updates_counter_cache_when_inverse_counter_cache_is_a_symbol_with_dependent_destroy
+    car = Car.first
+    car.engines.create!
+
+    assert_difference 'car.reload.engines_count', -1 do
+      car.engines.clear
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_clearing_a_dependent_association_collection
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    client_id = firm.dependent_clients_of_firm.first.id
+    assert_equal 2, firm.dependent_clients_of_firm.size
+    assert_equal 1, Client.find_by_id(client_id).client_of
+
+    # :delete_all is called on each client since the dependent options is :destroy
+    firm.dependent_clients_of_firm.clear
+
+    assert_equal 0, firm.dependent_clients_of_firm.size
+    assert_equal 0, firm.dependent_clients_of_firm.reload.size
+    assert_equal [], Client.destroyed_client_ids[firm.id]
+
+    # Should be destroyed since the association is dependent.
+    assert_nil Client.find_by_id(client_id)
+  end
+
+  def test_delete_all_with_option_delete_all
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    client_id = firm.dependent_clients_of_firm.first.id
+    firm.dependent_clients_of_firm.delete_all(:delete_all)
+    assert_nil Client.find_by_id(client_id)
+  end
+
+  def test_delete_all_accepts_limited_parameters
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) do
+      firm.dependent_clients_of_firm.delete_all(:destroy)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_clearing_an_exclusively_dependent_association_collection
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    client_id = firm.exclusively_dependent_clients_of_firm.first.id
+    assert_equal 2, firm.exclusively_dependent_clients_of_firm.size
+
+    assert_equal [], Client.destroyed_client_ids[firm.id]
+
+    # :exclusively_dependent means each client is deleted directly from
+    # the database without looping through them calling destroy.
+    firm.exclusively_dependent_clients_of_firm.clear
+
+    assert_equal 0, firm.exclusively_dependent_clients_of_firm.size
+    assert_equal 0, firm.exclusively_dependent_clients_of_firm.reload.size
+    # no destroy-filters should have been called
+    assert_equal [], Client.destroyed_client_ids[firm.id]
+
+    # Should be destroyed since the association is exclusively dependent.
+    assert_nil Client.find_by_id(client_id)
+  end
+
+  def test_dependent_association_respects_optional_conditions_on_delete
+    firm = companies(:odegy)
+    Client.create(:client_of => firm.id, :name => "BigShot Inc.")
+    Client.create(:client_of => firm.id, :name => "SmallTime Inc.")
+    # only one of two clients is included in the association due to the :conditions key
+    assert_equal 2, Client.where(client_of: firm.id).size
+    assert_equal 1, firm.dependent_conditional_clients_of_firm.size
+    firm.destroy
+    # only the correctly associated client should have been deleted
+    assert_equal 1, Client.where(client_of: firm.id).size
+  end
+
+  def test_dependent_association_respects_optional_sanitized_conditions_on_delete
+    firm = companies(:odegy)
+    Client.create(:client_of => firm.id, :name => "BigShot Inc.")
+    Client.create(:client_of => firm.id, :name => "SmallTime Inc.")
+    # only one of two clients is included in the association due to the :conditions key
+    assert_equal 2, Client.where(client_of: firm.id).size
+    assert_equal 1, firm.dependent_sanitized_conditional_clients_of_firm.size
+    firm.destroy
+    # only the correctly associated client should have been deleted
+    assert_equal 1, Client.where(client_of: firm.id).size
+  end
+
+  def test_dependent_association_respects_optional_hash_conditions_on_delete
+    firm = companies(:odegy)
+    Client.create(:client_of => firm.id, :name => "BigShot Inc.")
+    Client.create(:client_of => firm.id, :name => "SmallTime Inc.")
+    # only one of two clients is included in the association due to the :conditions key
+    assert_equal 2, Client.where(client_of: firm.id).size
+    assert_equal 1, firm.dependent_sanitized_conditional_clients_of_firm.size
+    firm.destroy
+    # only the correctly associated client should have been deleted
+    assert_equal 1, Client.where(client_of: firm.id).size
+  end
+
+  def test_delete_all_association_with_primary_key_deletes_correct_records
+    firm = Firm.first
+    # break the vanilla firm_id foreign key
+    assert_equal 3, firm.clients.count
+    firm.clients.first.update_columns(firm_id: nil)
+    assert_equal 2, firm.clients.reload.count
+    assert_equal 2, firm.clients_using_primary_key_with_delete_all.count
+    old_record = firm.clients_using_primary_key_with_delete_all.first
+    firm = Firm.first
+    firm.destroy
+    assert_nil Client.find_by_id(old_record.id)
+  end
+
+  def test_creation_respects_hash_condition
+    ms_client = companies(:first_firm).clients_like_ms_with_hash_conditions.build
+
+    assert        ms_client.save
+    assert_equal  'Microsoft', ms_client.name
+
+    another_ms_client = companies(:first_firm).clients_like_ms_with_hash_conditions.create
+
+    assert        another_ms_client.persisted?
+    assert_equal  'Microsoft', another_ms_client.name
+  end
+
+  def test_clearing_without_initial_access
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+
+    firm.clients_of_firm.clear
+
+    assert_equal 0, firm.clients_of_firm.size
+    assert_equal 0, firm.clients_of_firm.reload.size
+  end
+
+  def test_deleting_a_item_which_is_not_in_the_collection
+    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
+    summit = Client.find_by_name('Summit')
+    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.delete(summit)
+    assert_equal 2, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.size
+    assert_equal 2, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size
+    assert_equal 2, summit.client_of
+  end
+
+  def test_deleting_by_integer_id
+    david = Developer.find(1)
+
+    assert_difference 'david.projects.count', -1 do
+      assert_equal 1, david.projects.delete(1).size
+    end
+
+    assert_equal 1, david.projects.size
+  end
+
+  def test_deleting_by_string_id
+    david = Developer.find(1)
+
+    assert_difference 'david.projects.count', -1 do
+      assert_equal 1, david.projects.delete('1').size
+    end
+
+    assert_equal 1, david.projects.size
+  end
+
+  def test_deleting_self_type_mismatch
+    david = Developer.find(1)
+    david.projects.reload
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch) { david.projects.delete(Project.find(1).developers) }
+  end
+
+  def test_destroying
+    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
+
+    assert_difference "Client.count", -1 do
+      companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.destroy(companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.first)
+    end
+
+    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).reload.clients_of_firm.size
+    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size
+  end
+
+  def test_destroying_by_integer_id
+    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
+
+    assert_difference "Client.count", -1 do
+      companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.destroy(companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.first.id)
+    end
+
+    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).reload.clients_of_firm.size
+    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size
+  end
+
+  def test_destroying_by_string_id
+    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
+
+    assert_difference "Client.count", -1 do
+      companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.destroy(companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.first.id.to_s)
+    end
+
+    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).reload.clients_of_firm.size
+    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size
+  end
+
+  def test_destroying_a_collection
+    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
+    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.create("name" => "Another Client")
+    assert_equal 3, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.size
+
+    assert_difference "Client.count", -2 do
+      companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.destroy([companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm[0], companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm[1]])
+    end
+
+    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).reload.clients_of_firm.size
+    assert_equal 1, companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.size
+  end
+
+  def test_destroy_all
+    force_signal37_to_load_all_clients_of_firm
+    clients = companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.to_a
+    assert !clients.empty?, "37signals has clients after load"
+    destroyed = companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.destroy_all
+    assert_equal clients.sort_by(&:id), destroyed.sort_by(&:id)
+    assert destroyed.all?(&:frozen?), "destroyed clients should be frozen"
+    assert companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.empty?, "37signals has no clients after destroy all"
+    assert companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload.empty?, "37signals has no clients after destroy all and refresh"
+  end
+
+  def test_dependence
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert_equal 3, firm.clients.size
+    firm.destroy
+    assert Client.all.merge!(:where => "firm_id=#{firm.id}").to_a.empty?
+  end
+
+  def test_dependence_for_associations_with_hash_condition
+    david = authors(:david)
+    assert_difference('Post.count', -1) { assert david.destroy }
+  end
+
+  def test_destroy_dependent_when_deleted_from_association
+    # sometimes tests on Oracle fail if ORDER BY is not provided therefore add always :order with :first
+    firm = Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first
+    assert_equal 3, firm.clients.size
+
+    client = firm.clients.first
+    firm.clients.delete(client)
+
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Client.find(client.id) }
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { firm.clients.find(client.id) }
+    assert_equal 2, firm.clients.size
+  end
+
+  def test_three_levels_of_dependence
+    topic = Topic.create "title" => "neat and simple"
+    reply = topic.replies.create "title" => "neat and simple", "content" => "still digging it"
+    reply.replies.create "title" => "neat and simple", "content" => "ain't complaining"
+
+    assert_nothing_raised { topic.destroy }
+  end
+
+  def test_dependence_with_transaction_support_on_failure
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    clients = firm.clients
+    assert_equal 3, clients.length
+    clients.last.instance_eval { def overwrite_to_raise() raise "Trigger rollback" end }
+
+    firm.destroy rescue "do nothing"
+
+    assert_equal 3, Client.all.merge!(:where => "firm_id=#{firm.id}").to_a.size
+  end
+
+  def test_dependence_on_account
+    num_accounts = Account.count
+    companies(:first_firm).destroy
+    assert_equal num_accounts - 1, Account.count
+  end
+
+  def test_depends_and_nullify
+    num_accounts = Account.count
+
+    core = companies(:rails_core)
+    assert_equal accounts(:rails_core_account), core.account
+    assert_equal companies(:leetsoft, :jadedpixel), core.companies
+    core.destroy
+    assert_nil accounts(:rails_core_account).reload.firm_id
+    assert_nil companies(:leetsoft).reload.client_of
+    assert_nil companies(:jadedpixel).reload.client_of
+
+    assert_equal num_accounts, Account.count
+  end
+
+  def test_restrict_with_exception
+    firm = RestrictedWithExceptionFirm.create!(:name => 'restrict')
+    firm.companies.create(:name => 'child')
+
+    assert !firm.companies.empty?
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::DeleteRestrictionError) { firm.destroy }
+    assert RestrictedWithExceptionFirm.exists?(:name => 'restrict')
+    assert firm.companies.exists?(:name => 'child')
+  end
+
+  def test_restrict_with_error_is_deprecated_using_key_many
+    I18n.backend = I18n::Backend::Simple.new
+    I18n.backend.store_translations :en, activerecord: { errors: { messages: { restrict_dependent_destroy: { many: 'message for deprecated key' } } } }
+
+    firm = RestrictedWithErrorFirm.create!(name: 'restrict')
+    firm.companies.create(name: 'child')
+
+    assert !firm.companies.empty?
+
+    assert_deprecated { firm.destroy }
+
+    assert !firm.errors.empty?
+
+    assert_equal 'message for deprecated key', firm.errors[:base].first
+    assert RestrictedWithErrorFirm.exists?(name: 'restrict')
+    assert firm.companies.exists?(name: 'child')
+  ensure
+    I18n.backend.reload!
+  end
+
+  def test_restrict_with_error
+    firm = RestrictedWithErrorFirm.create!(:name => 'restrict')
+    firm.companies.create(:name => 'child')
+
+    assert !firm.companies.empty?
+
+    firm.destroy
+
+    assert !firm.errors.empty?
+
+    assert_equal "Cannot delete record because dependent companies exist", firm.errors[:base].first
+    assert RestrictedWithErrorFirm.exists?(:name => 'restrict')
+    assert firm.companies.exists?(:name => 'child')
+  end
+
+  def test_restrict_with_error_with_locale
+    I18n.backend = I18n::Backend::Simple.new
+    I18n.backend.store_translations 'en', activerecord: {attributes: {restricted_with_error_firm: {companies: 'client companies'}}}
+    firm = RestrictedWithErrorFirm.create!(name: 'restrict')
+    firm.companies.create(name: 'child')
+
+    assert !firm.companies.empty?
+
+    firm.destroy
+
+    assert !firm.errors.empty?
+
+    assert_equal "Cannot delete record because dependent client companies exist", firm.errors[:base].first
+    assert RestrictedWithErrorFirm.exists?(name: 'restrict')
+    assert firm.companies.exists?(name: 'child')
+  ensure
+    I18n.backend.reload!
+  end
+
+  def test_included_in_collection
+    assert_equal true, companies(:first_firm).clients.include?(Client.find(2))
+  end
+
+  def test_included_in_collection_for_new_records
+    client = Client.create(:name => 'Persisted')
+    assert_nil client.client_of
+    assert_equal false, Firm.new.clients_of_firm.include?(client),
+     'includes a client that does not belong to any firm'
+  end
+
+  def test_adding_array_and_collection
+    assert_nothing_raised { Firm.first.clients + Firm.all.last.clients }
+  end
+
+  def test_replace_with_less
+    firm = Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first
+    firm.clients = [companies(:first_client)]
+    assert firm.save, "Could not save firm"
+    firm.reload
+    assert_equal 1, firm.clients.length
+  end
+
+  def test_replace_with_less_and_dependent_nullify
+    num_companies = Company.count
+    companies(:rails_core).companies = []
+    assert_equal num_companies, Company.count
+  end
+
+  def test_replace_with_new
+    firm = Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first
+    firm.clients = [companies(:second_client), Client.new("name" => "New Client")]
+    firm.save
+    firm.reload
+    assert_equal 2, firm.clients.length
+    assert_equal false, firm.clients.include?(:first_client)
+  end
+
+  def test_replace_failure
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    account = Account.new
+    orig_accounts = firm.accounts.to_a
+
+    assert !account.valid?
+    assert !orig_accounts.empty?
+    error = assert_raise ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved do
+      firm.accounts = [account]
+    end
+
+    assert_equal orig_accounts, firm.accounts
+    assert_equal "Failed to replace accounts because one or more of the " \
+                 "new records could not be saved.", error.message
+  end
+
+  def test_replace_with_same_content
+    firm = Firm.first
+    firm.clients = []
+    firm.save
+
+    assert_queries(0, ignore_none: true) do
+      firm.clients = []
+    end
+
+    assert_equal [], firm.send('clients=', [])
+  end
+
+  def test_transactions_when_replacing_on_persisted
+    good = Client.new(:name => "Good")
+    bad  = Client.new(:name => "Bad", :raise_on_save => true)
+
+    companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm = [good]
+
+    begin
+      companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm = [bad]
+    rescue Client::RaisedOnSave
+    end
+
+    assert_equal [good], companies(:first_firm).clients_of_firm.reload
+  end
+
+  def test_transactions_when_replacing_on_new_record
+    assert_no_queries(ignore_none: false) do
+      firm = Firm.new
+      firm.clients_of_firm = [Client.new("name" => "New Client")]
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_get_ids
+    assert_equal [companies(:first_client).id, companies(:second_client).id, companies(:another_first_firm_client).id], companies(:first_firm).client_ids
+  end
+
+  def test_get_ids_for_loaded_associations
+    company = companies(:first_firm)
+    company.clients.reload
+    assert_queries(0) do
+      company.client_ids
+      company.client_ids
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_get_ids_for_unloaded_associations_does_not_load_them
+    company = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert !company.clients.loaded?
+    assert_equal [companies(:first_client).id, companies(:second_client).id, companies(:another_first_firm_client).id], company.client_ids
+    assert !company.clients.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_get_ids_ignores_include_option
+    assert_equal [readers(:michael_welcome).id], posts(:welcome).readers_with_person_ids
+  end
+
+  def test_get_ids_for_ordered_association
+    assert_equal [companies(:another_first_firm_client).id, companies(:second_client).id, companies(:first_client).id], companies(:first_firm).clients_ordered_by_name_ids
+  end
+
+  def test_get_ids_for_association_on_new_record_does_not_try_to_find_records
+    Company.columns  # Load schema information so we don't query below
+    Contract.columns # if running just this test.
+
+    company = Company.new
+    assert_queries(0) do
+      company.contract_ids
+    end
+
+    assert_equal [], company.contract_ids
+  end
+
+  def test_set_ids_for_association_on_new_record_applies_association_correctly
+    contract_a = Contract.create!
+    contract_b = Contract.create!
+    Contract.create! # another contract
+    company = Company.new(:name => "Some Company")
+
+    company.contract_ids = [contract_a.id, contract_b.id]
+    assert_equal [contract_a.id, contract_b.id], company.contract_ids
+    assert_equal [contract_a, contract_b], company.contracts
+
+    company.save!
+    assert_equal company, contract_a.reload.company
+    assert_equal company, contract_b.reload.company
+  end
+
+  def test_assign_ids_ignoring_blanks
+    firm = Firm.create!(:name => 'Apple')
+    firm.client_ids = [companies(:first_client).id, nil, companies(:second_client).id, '']
+    firm.save!
+
+    assert_equal 2, firm.clients.reload.size
+    assert_equal true, firm.clients.include?(companies(:second_client))
+  end
+
+  def test_get_ids_for_through
+    assert_equal [comments(:eager_other_comment1).id], authors(:mary).comment_ids
+  end
+
+  def test_modifying_a_through_a_has_many_should_raise
+    [
+      lambda { authors(:mary).comment_ids = [comments(:greetings).id, comments(:more_greetings).id] },
+      lambda { authors(:mary).comments = [comments(:greetings), comments(:more_greetings)] },
+      lambda { authors(:mary).comments << Comment.create!(:body => "Yay", :post_id => 424242) },
+      lambda { authors(:mary).comments.delete(authors(:mary).comments.first) },
+    ].each {|block| assert_raise(ActiveRecord::HasManyThroughCantAssociateThroughHasOneOrManyReflection, &block) }
+  end
+
+  def test_dynamic_find_should_respect_association_order_for_through
+    assert_equal Comment.find(10), authors(:david).comments_desc.where("comments.type = 'SpecialComment'").first
+    assert_equal Comment.find(10), authors(:david).comments_desc.find_by_type('SpecialComment')
+  end
+
+  def test_has_many_through_respects_hash_conditions
+    assert_equal authors(:david).hello_posts, authors(:david).hello_posts_with_hash_conditions
+    assert_equal authors(:david).hello_post_comments, authors(:david).hello_post_comments_with_hash_conditions
+  end
+
+  def test_include_uses_array_include_after_loaded
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    firm.clients.load_target
+
+    client = firm.clients.first
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      assert firm.clients.loaded?
+      assert_equal true, firm.clients.include?(client)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_include_checks_if_record_exists_if_target_not_loaded
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    client = firm.clients.first
+
+    firm.reload
+    assert ! firm.clients.loaded?
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      assert_equal true, firm.clients.include?(client)
+    end
+    assert ! firm.clients.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_include_returns_false_for_non_matching_record_to_verify_scoping
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    client = Client.create!(:name => 'Not Associated')
+
+    assert ! firm.clients.loaded?
+    assert_equal false, firm.clients.include?(client)
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_first_nth_or_last_on_association_should_not_load_association
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    firm.clients.first
+    firm.clients.second
+    firm.clients.last
+    assert !firm.clients.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_first_or_last_on_loaded_association_should_not_fetch_with_query
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    firm.clients.load_target
+    assert firm.clients.loaded?
+
+    assert_no_queries(ignore_none: false) do
+      firm.clients.first
+      assert_equal 2, firm.clients.first(2).size
+      firm.clients.last
+      assert_equal 2, firm.clients.last(2).size
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_first_or_last_on_existing_record_with_build_should_load_association
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    firm.clients.build(:name => 'Foo')
+    assert !firm.clients.loaded?
+
+    assert_queries 1 do
+      firm.clients.first
+      firm.clients.second
+      firm.clients.last
+    end
+
+    assert firm.clients.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_first_nth_or_last_on_existing_record_with_create_should_not_load_association
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    firm.clients.create(:name => 'Foo')
+    assert !firm.clients.loaded?
+
+    assert_queries 3 do
+      firm.clients.first
+      firm.clients.second
+      firm.clients.last
+    end
+
+    assert !firm.clients.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_first_nth_or_last_on_new_record_should_not_run_queries
+    firm = Firm.new
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      firm.clients.first
+      firm.clients.second
+      firm.clients.last
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_first_or_last_with_integer_on_association_should_not_load_association
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    firm.clients.create(:name => 'Foo')
+    assert !firm.clients.loaded?
+
+    assert_queries 2 do
+      firm.clients.first(2)
+      firm.clients.last(2)
+    end
+
+    assert !firm.clients.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_many_should_count_instead_of_loading_association
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      firm.clients.many?  # use count query
+    end
+    assert !firm.clients.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_many_on_loaded_association_should_not_use_query
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    firm.clients.collect  # force load
+    assert_no_queries { assert firm.clients.many? }
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_many_should_defer_to_collection_if_using_a_block
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      firm.clients.expects(:size).never
+      firm.clients.many? { true }
+    end
+    assert firm.clients.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_many_should_return_false_if_none_or_one
+    firm = companies(:another_firm)
+    assert !firm.clients_like_ms.many?
+    assert_equal 0, firm.clients_like_ms.size
+
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert !firm.limited_clients.many?
+    assert_equal 1, firm.limited_clients.size
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_many_should_return_true_if_more_than_one
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert firm.clients.many?
+    assert_equal 3, firm.clients.size
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_none_should_count_instead_of_loading_association
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      firm.clients.none?  # use count query
+    end
+    assert !firm.clients.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_none_on_loaded_association_should_not_use_query
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    firm.clients.collect  # force load
+    assert_no_queries { assert ! firm.clients.none? }
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_none_should_defer_to_collection_if_using_a_block
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      firm.clients.expects(:size).never
+      firm.clients.none? { true }
+    end
+    assert firm.clients.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_none_should_return_true_if_none
+    firm = companies(:another_firm)
+    assert firm.clients_like_ms.none?
+    assert_equal 0, firm.clients_like_ms.size
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_none_should_return_false_if_any
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert !firm.limited_clients.none?
+    assert_equal 1, firm.limited_clients.size
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_one_should_count_instead_of_loading_association
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      firm.clients.one?  # use count query
+    end
+    assert !firm.clients.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_one_on_loaded_association_should_not_use_query
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    firm.clients.collect  # force load
+    assert_no_queries { assert ! firm.clients.one? }
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_one_should_defer_to_collection_if_using_a_block
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      firm.clients.expects(:size).never
+      firm.clients.one? { true }
+    end
+    assert firm.clients.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_one_should_return_false_if_zero
+    firm = companies(:another_firm)
+    assert ! firm.clients_like_ms.one?
+    assert_equal 0, firm.clients_like_ms.size
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_one_should_return_true_if_one
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert firm.limited_clients.one?
+    assert_equal 1, firm.limited_clients.size
+  end
+
+  def test_calling_one_should_return_false_if_more_than_one
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert ! firm.clients.one?
+    assert_equal 3, firm.clients.size
+  end
+
+  def test_joins_with_namespaced_model_should_use_correct_type
+    old = ActiveRecord::Base.store_full_sti_class
+    ActiveRecord::Base.store_full_sti_class = true
+
+    firm = Namespaced::Firm.create({ :name => 'Some Company' })
+    firm.clients.create({ :name => 'Some Client' })
+
+    stats = Namespaced::Firm.all.merge!(
+      :select => "#{Namespaced::Firm.table_name}.id, COUNT(#{Namespaced::Client.table_name}.id) AS num_clients",
+      :joins  => :clients,
+      :group  => "#{Namespaced::Firm.table_name}.id"
+    ).find firm.id
+    assert_equal 1, stats.num_clients.to_i
+  ensure
+    ActiveRecord::Base.store_full_sti_class = old
+  end
+
+  def test_association_proxy_transaction_method_starts_transaction_in_association_class
+    Comment.expects(:transaction)
+    Post.first.comments.transaction do
+      # nothing
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_sending_new_to_association_proxy_should_have_same_effect_as_calling_new
+    client_association = companies(:first_firm).clients
+    assert_equal client_association.new.attributes, client_association.send(:new).attributes
+  end
+
+  def test_respond_to_private_class_methods
+    client_association = companies(:first_firm).clients
+    assert !client_association.respond_to?(:private_method)
+    assert client_association.respond_to?(:private_method, true)
+  end
+
+  def test_creating_using_primary_key
+    firm = Firm.all.merge!(:order => "id").first
+    client = firm.clients_using_primary_key.create!(:name => 'test')
+    assert_equal firm.name, client.firm_name
+  end
+
+  def test_defining_has_many_association_with_delete_all_dependency_lazily_evaluates_target_class
+    ActiveRecord::Reflection::AssociationReflection.any_instance.expects(:class_name).never
+    class_eval(<<-EOF, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+      class DeleteAllModel < ActiveRecord::Base
+        has_many :nonentities, :dependent => :delete_all
+      end
+    EOF
+  end
+
+  def test_defining_has_many_association_with_nullify_dependency_lazily_evaluates_target_class
+    ActiveRecord::Reflection::AssociationReflection.any_instance.expects(:class_name).never
+    class_eval(<<-EOF, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+      class NullifyModel < ActiveRecord::Base
+        has_many :nonentities, :dependent => :nullify
+      end
+    EOF
+  end
+
+  def test_attributes_are_being_set_when_initialized_from_has_many_association_with_where_clause
+    new_comment = posts(:welcome).comments.where(:body => "Some content").build
+    assert_equal new_comment.body, "Some content"
+  end
+
+  def test_attributes_are_being_set_when_initialized_from_has_many_association_with_multiple_where_clauses
+    new_comment = posts(:welcome).comments.where(:body => "Some content").where(:type => 'SpecialComment').build
+    assert_equal new_comment.body, "Some content"
+    assert_equal new_comment.type, "SpecialComment"
+    assert_equal new_comment.post_id, posts(:welcome).id
+  end
+
+  def test_include_method_in_has_many_association_should_return_true_for_instance_added_with_build
+    post = Post.new
+    comment = post.comments.build
+    assert_equal true, post.comments.include?(comment)
+  end
+
+  def test_load_target_respects_protected_attributes
+    topic = Topic.create!
+    reply = topic.replies.create(:title => "reply 1")
+    reply.approved = false
+    reply.save!
+
+    # Save with a different object instance, so the instance that's still held
+    # in topic.relies doesn't know about the changed attribute.
+    reply2 = Reply.find(reply.id)
+    reply2.approved = true
+    reply2.save!
+
+    # Force loading the collection from the db. This will merge the existing
+    # object (reply) with what gets loaded from the db (which includes the
+    # changed approved attribute). approved is a protected attribute, so if mass
+    # assignment is used, it won't get updated and will still be false.
+    first = topic.replies.to_a.first
+    assert_equal reply.id, first.id
+    assert_equal true, first.approved?
+  end
+
+  def test_to_a_should_dup_target
+    ary    = topics(:first).replies.to_a
+    target = topics(:first).replies.target
+
+    assert_not_equal target.object_id, ary.object_id
+  end
+
+  def test_merging_with_custom_attribute_writer
+    bulb = Bulb.new(:color => "red")
+    assert_equal "RED!", bulb.color
+
+    car = Car.create!
+    car.bulbs << bulb
+
+    assert_equal "RED!", car.bulbs.to_a.first.color
+  end
+
+  def test_abstract_class_with_polymorphic_has_many
+    post = SubStiPost.create! :title => "fooo", :body => "baa"
+    tagging = Tagging.create! :taggable => post
+    assert_equal [tagging], post.taggings
+  end
+
+  def test_with_polymorphic_has_many_with_custom_columns_name
+    post = Post.create! :title => 'foo', :body => 'bar'
+    image = Image.create!
+
+    post.images << image
+
+    assert_equal [image], post.images
+  end
+
+  def test_build_with_polymorphic_has_many_does_not_allow_to_override_type_and_id
+    welcome = posts(:welcome)
+    tagging = welcome.taggings.build(:taggable_id => 99, :taggable_type => 'ShouldNotChange')
+
+    assert_equal welcome.id, tagging.taggable_id
+    assert_equal 'Post', tagging.taggable_type
+  end
+
+  def test_dont_call_save_callbacks_twice_on_has_many
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    contract = firm.contracts.create!
+
+    assert_equal 1, contract.hi_count
+    assert_equal 1, contract.bye_count
+  end
+
+  def test_association_attributes_are_available_to_after_initialize
+    car = Car.create(:name => 'honda')
+    bulb = car.bulbs.build
+
+    assert_equal car.id, bulb.attributes_after_initialize['car_id']
+  end
+
+  def test_attributes_are_set_when_initialized_from_has_many_null_relationship
+    car  = Car.new name: 'honda'
+    bulb = car.bulbs.where(name: 'headlight').first_or_initialize
+    assert_equal 'headlight', bulb.name
+  end
+
+  def test_attributes_are_set_when_initialized_from_polymorphic_has_many_null_relationship
+    post    = Post.new title: 'title', body: 'bar'
+    tag     = Tag.create!(name: 'foo')
+
+    tagging = post.taggings.where(tag: tag).first_or_initialize
+
+    assert_equal tag.id, tagging.tag_id
+    assert_equal 'Post', tagging.taggable_type
+  end
+
+  def test_replace
+    car = Car.create(:name => 'honda')
+    bulb1 = car.bulbs.create
+    bulb2 = Bulb.create
+
+    assert_equal [bulb1], car.bulbs
+    car.bulbs.replace([bulb2])
+    assert_equal [bulb2], car.bulbs
+    assert_equal [bulb2], car.reload.bulbs
+  end
+
+  def test_replace_returns_target
+    car = Car.create(:name => 'honda')
+    bulb1 = car.bulbs.create
+    bulb2 = car.bulbs.create
+    bulb3 = Bulb.create
+
+    assert_equal [bulb1, bulb2], car.bulbs
+    result = car.bulbs.replace([bulb3, bulb1])
+    assert_equal [bulb1, bulb3], car.bulbs
+    assert_equal [bulb1, bulb3], result
+  end
+
+  def test_collection_association_with_private_kernel_method
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert_equal [accounts(:signals37)], firm.accounts.open
+  end
+
+  test "first_or_initialize adds the record to the association" do
+    firm = Firm.create! name: 'omg'
+    client = firm.clients_of_firm.first_or_initialize
+    assert_equal [client], firm.clients_of_firm
+  end
+
+  test "first_or_create adds the record to the association" do
+    firm = Firm.create! name: 'omg'
+    firm.clients_of_firm.load_target
+    client = firm.clients_of_firm.first_or_create name: 'lol'
+    assert_equal [client], firm.clients_of_firm
+    assert_equal [client], firm.reload.clients_of_firm
+  end
+
+  test "delete_all, when not loaded, doesn't load the records" do
+    post = posts(:welcome)
+
+    assert post.taggings_with_delete_all.count > 0
+    assert !post.taggings_with_delete_all.loaded?
+
+    # 2 queries: one DELETE and another to update the counter cache
+    assert_queries(2) do
+      post.taggings_with_delete_all.delete_all
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "has many associations on new records use null relations" do
+    post = Post.new
+
+    assert_no_queries(ignore_none: false) do
+      assert_equal [], post.comments
+      assert_equal [], post.comments.where(body: 'omg')
+      assert_equal [], post.comments.pluck(:body)
+      assert_equal 0,  post.comments.sum(:id)
+      assert_equal 0,  post.comments.count
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "collection proxy respects default scope" do
+    author = authors(:mary)
+    assert !author.first_posts.exists?
+  end
+
+  test "association with extend option" do
+    post = posts(:welcome)
+    assert_equal "lifo",  post.comments_with_extend.author
+    assert_equal "hello", post.comments_with_extend.greeting
+  end
+
+  test "association with extend option with multiple extensions" do
+    post = posts(:welcome)
+    assert_equal "lifo",  post.comments_with_extend_2.author
+    assert_equal "hullo", post.comments_with_extend_2.greeting
+  end
+
+  test "extend option affects per association" do
+    post = posts(:welcome)
+    assert_equal "lifo",  post.comments_with_extend.author
+    assert_equal "lifo",  post.comments_with_extend_2.author
+    assert_equal "hello", post.comments_with_extend.greeting
+    assert_equal "hullo", post.comments_with_extend_2.greeting
+  end
+
+  test "delete record with complex joins" do
+    david = authors(:david)
+
+    post = david.posts.first
+    post.type = 'PostWithSpecialCategorization'
+    post.save
+
+    categorization = post.categorizations.first
+    categorization.special = true
+    categorization.save
+
+    assert_not_equal [], david.posts_with_special_categorizations
+    david.posts_with_special_categorizations = []
+    assert_equal [], david.posts_with_special_categorizations
+  end
+
+  test "does not duplicate associations when used with natural primary keys" do
+    speedometer = Speedometer.create!(id: '4')
+    speedometer.minivans.create!(minivan_id: 'a-van-red' ,name: 'a van', color: 'red')
+
+    assert_equal 1, speedometer.minivans.to_a.size, "Only one association should be present:\n#{speedometer.minivans.to_a}"
+    assert_equal 1, speedometer.reload.minivans.to_a.size
+  end
+
+  test "can unscope the default scope of the associated model" do
+    car = Car.create!
+    bulb1 = Bulb.create! name: "defaulty", car: car
+    bulb2 = Bulb.create! name: "other",    car: car
+
+    assert_equal [bulb1], car.bulbs
+    assert_equal [bulb1, bulb2], car.all_bulbs.sort_by(&:id)
+  end
+
+  test "can unscope and where the default scope of the associated model" do
+    Car.has_many :other_bulbs, -> { unscope(where: [:name]).where(name: 'other') }, class_name: "Bulb"
+    car = Car.create!
+    bulb1 = Bulb.create! name: "defaulty", car: car
+    bulb2 = Bulb.create! name: "other",    car: car
+
+    assert_equal [bulb1], car.bulbs
+    assert_equal [bulb2], car.other_bulbs
+  end
+
+  test "can rewhere the default scope of the associated model" do
+    Car.has_many :old_bulbs, -> { rewhere(name: 'old') }, class_name: "Bulb"
+    car = Car.create!
+    bulb1 = Bulb.create! name: "defaulty", car: car
+    bulb2 = Bulb.create! name: "old",      car: car
+
+    assert_equal [bulb1], car.bulbs
+    assert_equal [bulb2], car.old_bulbs
+  end
+
+  test 'unscopes the default scope of associated model when used with include' do
+    car = Car.create!
+    bulb = Bulb.create! name: "other", car: car
+
+    assert_equal [bulb], Car.find(car.id).all_bulbs
+    assert_equal [bulb], Car.includes(:all_bulbs).find(car.id).all_bulbs
+    assert_equal [bulb], Car.eager_load(:all_bulbs).find(car.id).all_bulbs
+  end
+
+  test "raises RecordNotDestroyed when replaced child can't be destroyed" do
+    car = Car.create!
+    original_child = FailedBulb.create!(car: car)
+
+    error = assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotDestroyed) do
+      car.failed_bulbs = [FailedBulb.create!]
+    end
+
+    assert_equal [original_child], car.reload.failed_bulbs
+    assert_equal "Failed to destroy the record", error.message
+  end
+
+  test 'updates counter cache when default scope is given' do
+    topic = DefaultRejectedTopic.create approved: true
+
+    assert_difference "topic.reload.replies_count", 1 do
+      topic.approved_replies.create!
+    end
+  end
+
+  test 'dangerous association name raises ArgumentError' do
+    [:errors, 'errors', :save, 'save'].each do |name|
+      assert_raises(ArgumentError, "Association #{name} should not be allowed") do
+        Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
+          has_many name
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  test 'passes custom context validation to validate children' do
+    pirate = FamousPirate.new
+    pirate.famous_ships << ship = FamousShip.new
+
+    assert pirate.valid?
+    assert_not pirate.valid?(:conference)
+    assert_equal "can't be blank", ship.errors[:name].first
+  end
+
+  test 'association with instance dependent scope' do
+    bob = authors(:bob)
+    Post.create!(title: "signed post by bob", body: "stuff", author: authors(:bob))
+    Post.create!(title: "anonymous post", body: "more stuff", author: authors(:bob))
+    assert_equal ["misc post by bob", "other post by bob",
+                  "signed post by bob"], bob.posts_with_signature.map(&:title).sort
+
+    assert_equal [], authors(:david).posts_with_signature.map(&:title)
+  end
+
+  test 'associations autosaves when object is already persisted' do
+    bulb = Bulb.create!
+    tyre = Tyre.create!
+
+    car = Car.create! do |c|
+      c.bulbs << bulb
+      c.tyres << tyre
+    end
+
+    assert_equal 1, car.bulbs.count
+    assert_equal 1, car.tyres.count
+  end
+
+  test 'associations replace in memory when records have the same id' do
+    bulb = Bulb.create!
+    car = Car.create!(bulbs: [bulb])
+
+    new_bulb = Bulb.find(bulb.id)
+    new_bulb.name = "foo"
+    car.bulbs = [new_bulb]
+
+    assert_equal "foo", car.bulbs.first.name
+  end
+
+  test 'in memory replacement executes no queries' do
+    bulb = Bulb.create!
+    car = Car.create!(bulbs: [bulb])
+
+    new_bulb = Bulb.find(bulb.id)
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      car.bulbs = [new_bulb]
+    end
+  end
+
+  test 'in memory replacements do not execute callbacks' do
+    raise_after_add = false
+    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
+      self.table_name = :cars
+      has_many :bulbs, after_add: proc { raise if raise_after_add }
+
+      def self.name
+        "Car"
+      end
+    end
+    bulb = Bulb.create!
+    car = klass.create!(bulbs: [bulb])
+
+    new_bulb = Bulb.find(bulb.id)
+    raise_after_add = true
+
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      car.bulbs = [new_bulb]
+    end
+  end
+
+  test 'in memory replacements sets inverse instance' do
+    bulb = Bulb.create!
+    car = Car.create!(bulbs: [bulb])
+
+    new_bulb = Bulb.find(bulb.id)
+    car.bulbs = [new_bulb]
+
+    assert_same car, new_bulb.car
+  end
+
+  test 'in memory replacement maintains order' do
+    first_bulb = Bulb.create!
+    second_bulb = Bulb.create!
+    car = Car.create!(bulbs: [first_bulb, second_bulb])
+
+    same_bulb = Bulb.find(first_bulb.id)
+    car.bulbs = [second_bulb, same_bulb]
+
+    assert_equal [first_bulb, second_bulb], car.bulbs
+  end
+
+  test "prevent double insertion of new object when the parent association loaded in the after save callback" do
+    reset_callbacks(:save, Bulb) do
+      Bulb.after_save { |record| record.car.bulbs.load }
+
+      car = Car.create!
+      car.bulbs << Bulb.new
+
+      assert_equal 1, car.bulbs.size
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "prevent double firing the before save callback of new object when the parent association saved in the callback" do
+    reset_callbacks(:save, Bulb) do
+      count = 0
+      Bulb.before_save { |record| record.car.save && count += 1 }
+
+      car = Car.create!
+      car.bulbs.create!
+
+      assert_equal 1, count
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_association_force_reload_with_only_true_is_deprecated
+    company = Company.find(1)
+
+    assert_deprecated { company.clients_of_firm(true) }
+  end
+
+  class AuthorWithErrorDestroyingAssociation < ActiveRecord::Base
+    self.table_name = "authors"
+    has_many :posts_with_error_destroying,
+      class_name: "PostWithErrorDestroying",
+      foreign_key: :author_id,
+      dependent: :destroy
+  end
+
+  class PostWithErrorDestroying < ActiveRecord::Base
+    self.table_name = "posts"
+    self.inheritance_column = nil
+    before_destroy -> { throw :abort }
+  end
+
+  def test_destroy_does_not_raise_when_association_errors_on_destroy
+    assert_no_difference "AuthorWithErrorDestroyingAssociation.count" do
+      author = AuthorWithErrorDestroyingAssociation.first
+
+      assert_not author.destroy
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_destroy_with_bang_bubbles_errors_from_associations
+    error = assert_raises ActiveRecord::RecordNotDestroyed do
+      AuthorWithErrorDestroyingAssociation.first.destroy!
+    end
+
+    assert_instance_of PostWithErrorDestroying, error.record
+  end
+
+  def test_ids_reader_memoization
+    car = Car.create!(name: 'Tofaş')
+    bulb = Bulb.create!(car: car)
+
+    assert_equal [bulb.id], car.bulb_ids
+    assert_no_queries { car.bulb_ids }
+  end
+
+  def test_loading_association_in_validate_callback_doesnt_affect_persistence
+    reset_callbacks(:validation, Bulb) do
+      Bulb.after_validation { |record| record.car.bulbs.load }
+
+      car = Car.create!(name: "Car")
+      bulb = car.bulbs.create!
+
+      assert_equal [bulb], car.bulbs
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+
+    def reset_callbacks(kind, klass)
+      old_callbacks = {}
+      old_callbacks[klass] = klass.send("_#{kind}_callbacks").dup
+      klass.subclasses.each do |subclass|
+        old_callbacks[subclass] = subclass.send("_#{kind}_callbacks").dup
+      end
+      yield
+    ensure
+      klass.send("_#{kind}_callbacks=", old_callbacks[klass])
+      klass.subclasses.each do |subclass|
+        subclass.send("_#{kind}_callbacks=", old_callbacks[subclass])
+      end
+    end
+end