hiera 2.0.0-x86-mingw32

data/spec/unit/backend_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,743 @@
+require 'spec_helper'
+require 'hiera/util'
+
+class Hiera
+  module Backend
+    class Backend1x_backend
+      def lookup(key, scope, order_override, resolution_type)
+        ["a", "b"]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe Backend do
+    describe "#datadir" do
+      it "interpolates any values in the configured value" do
+        Config.load({:rspec => {:datadir => "/tmp/%{interpolate}"}})
+
+        dir = Backend.datadir(:rspec, { "interpolate" => "my_data" })
+
+        dir.should == "/tmp/my_data"
+      end
+
+      it "defaults to a directory in var" do
+        Config.load({})
+        Backend.datadir(:rspec, {}).should == Hiera::Util.var_dir
+
+        Config.load({:rspec => nil})
+        Backend.datadir(:rspec, {}).should == Hiera::Util.var_dir
+
+        Config.load({:rspec => {}})
+        Backend.datadir(:rspec, {}).should == Hiera::Util.var_dir
+      end
+
+      it "fails when the datadir is an array" do
+        Config.load({:rspec => {:datadir => []}})
+
+        expect do
+          Backend.datadir(:rspec, {})
+        end.to raise_error(Hiera::InvalidConfigurationError, /datadir for rspec cannot be an array/)
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "#datafile" do
+      it "translates a non-existant datafile into nil" do
+        Hiera.expects(:debug).with("Cannot find datafile /nonexisting/test.yaml, skipping")
+        Backend.expects(:datadir).returns("/nonexisting")
+        Backend.datafile(:yaml, {}, "test", "yaml").should == nil
+      end
+
+      it "concatenates the datadir and datafile and format to produce the full datafile filename" do
+        Backend.expects(:datadir).returns("/nonexisting")
+        File.expects(:exist?).with("/nonexisting/test.yaml").returns(true)
+        Backend.datafile(:yaml, {}, "test", "yaml").should == "/nonexisting/test.yaml"
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "#datasources" do
+      it "iterates over the datasources in the order of the given hierarchy" do
+        expected = ["one", "two"]
+        Backend.datasources({}, nil, ["one", "two"]) do |backend|
+          backend.should == expected.delete_at(0)
+        end
+
+        expected.empty?.should == true
+      end
+
+      it "uses the configured hierarchy no specific hierarchy is given" do
+        Config.load(:hierarchy => "test")
+
+        Backend.datasources({}) do |backend|
+          backend.should == "test"
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "defaults to a hierarchy of only 'common' if not configured or given" do
+        Config.load({})
+
+        Backend.datasources({}) do |backend|
+          backend.should == "common"
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "prefixes the hierarchy with the override if an override is provided" do
+        Config.load({})
+
+        expected = ["override", "common"]
+        Backend.datasources({}, "override") do |backend|
+          backend.should == expected.delete_at(0)
+        end
+
+        expected.empty?.should == true
+      end
+
+      it "parses the names of the hierarchy levels using the given scope" do
+        Backend.expects(:parse_string).with("common", {:rspec => :tests}, {}, {:order_override => nil})
+        Backend.datasources({:rspec => :tests}) { }
+      end
+
+      it "defaults to 'common' if the hierarchy contains no hierarchies with non-empty names" do
+        Config.load({})
+
+        expected = ["common"]
+        Backend.datasources({}, "%{rspec}") do |backend|
+          backend.should == expected.delete_at(0)
+        end
+
+        expected.empty?.should == true
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "#parse_string" do
+      it "passes nil through untouched" do
+        Backend.parse_string(nil, {}).should == nil
+      end
+
+      it "does not modify the input data" do
+        data = "%{value}"
+        Backend.parse_string(data, { "value" => "replacement" })
+
+        data.should == "%{value}"
+      end
+
+      it "passes non-string data through untouched" do
+        input = { "not a" => "string" }
+
+        Backend.parse_string(input, {}).should == input
+      end
+
+      @scope_interpolation_tests = {
+        "replace %{part1} and %{part2}" =>
+          "replace value of part1 and value of part2",
+        "replace %{scope('part1')} and %{scope('part2')}" =>
+          "replace value of part1 and value of part2"
+      }
+
+      @scope_interpolation_tests.each do |input, expected|
+        it "replaces interpolations with data looked up in the scope" do
+          scope = {"part1" => "value of part1", "part2" => "value of part2"}
+
+          Backend.parse_string(input, scope).should == expected
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "replaces interpolations with data looked up in extra_data when scope does not contain the value" do
+        input = "test_%{rspec}_test"
+        Backend.parse_string(input, {}, {"rspec" => "extra"}).should == "test_extra_test"
+      end
+
+      it "prefers data from scope over data from extra_data" do
+        input = "test_%{rspec}_test"
+        Backend.parse_string(input, {"rspec" => "test"}, {"rspec" => "fail"}).should == "test_test_test"
+      end
+
+      @interprets_nil_in_scope_tests = {
+        "test_%{rspec}_test" => "test__test",
+        "test_%{scope('rspec')}_test" => "test__test"
+      }
+
+      @interprets_nil_in_scope_tests.each do |input, expected|
+        it "interprets nil in scope as a non-value" do
+          Backend.parse_string(input, {"rspec" => nil}).should == expected
+        end
+      end
+
+      @interprets_false_in_scope_tests = {
+        "test_%{rspec}_test" => "test_false_test",
+        "test_%{scope('rspec')}_test" => "test_false_test"
+      }
+
+      @interprets_false_in_scope_tests.each do |input, expected|
+        it "interprets false in scope as a real value" do
+          input = "test_%{scope('rspec')}_test"
+          Backend.parse_string(input, {"rspec" => false}).should == expected
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "interprets false in extra_data as a real value" do
+        input = "test_%{rspec}_test"
+        Backend.parse_string(input, {}, {"rspec" => false}).should == "test_false_test"
+      end
+
+      it "interprets nil in extra_data as a non-value" do
+        input = "test_%{rspec}_test"
+        Backend.parse_string(input, {}, {"rspec" => nil}).should == "test__test"
+      end
+
+      @interprets_undefined_in_scope_tests = {
+        "test_%{rspec}_test" => "test__test",
+        "test_%{scope('rspec')}_test" => "test__test"
+      }
+
+      @exact_lookup_tests = {
+        "test_%{::rspec::data}_test" => "test_value_test",
+        "test_%{scope('::rspec::data')}_test" => "test_value_test"
+      }
+
+      @exact_lookup_tests.each do |input, expected|
+        it "looks up the interpolated value exactly as it appears in the input" do
+          Backend.parse_string(input, {"::rspec::data" => "value"}).should == expected
+        end
+      end
+
+      @surrounding_whitespace_tests = {
+        "test_%{\trspec::data }_test" => "test_value_test",
+        "test_%{scope('\trspec::data ')}_test" => "test_value_test"
+      }
+      @surrounding_whitespace_tests.each do |input, expected|
+        it "does not remove any surrounding whitespace when parsing the key to lookup" do
+          Backend.parse_string(input, {"\trspec::data " => "value"}).should == expected
+        end
+      end
+
+      @leading_double_colon_tests = {
+        "test_%{::rspec::data}_test" => "test__test",
+        "test_%{scope('::rspec::data')}_test" => "test__test"
+      }
+
+      @leading_double_colon_tests.each do |input, expected|
+        it "does not try removing leading :: when a full lookup fails (#17434)" do
+          Backend.parse_string(input, {"rspec::data" => "value"}).should == expected
+        end
+      end
+
+      @double_colon_key_tests = {
+        "test_%{::rspec::data}_test" => "test__test",
+        "test_%{scope('::rspec::data')}_test" => "test__test"
+      }
+      @double_colon_key_tests.each do |input, expected|
+        it "does not try removing leading sections separated by :: when a full lookup fails (#17434)" do
+          Backend.parse_string(input, {"data" => "value"}).should == expected
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "does not try removing unknown, preceeding characters when looking up values" do
+        input = "test_%{$var}_test"
+        Backend.parse_string(input, {"$var" => "value"}).should == "test_value_test"
+      end
+
+      it "looks up recursively" do
+        scope = {"rspec" => "%{first}", "first" => "%{last}", "last" => "final"}
+        input = "test_%{rspec}_test"
+        Backend.parse_string(input, scope).should == "test_final_test"
+      end
+
+      it "raises an error if the recursive lookup results in an infinite loop" do
+        scope = {"first" => "%{second}", "second" => "%{first}"}
+        input = "test_%{first}_test"
+        expect do
+          Backend.parse_string(input, scope)
+        end.to raise_error Hiera::InterpolationLoop, "Detected in [first, second]"
+      end
+
+      it "replaces repeated occurances of the same lookup" do
+        scope = {"rspec" => "value"}
+        input = "it replaces %{rspec} and %{rspec}"
+        Backend.parse_string(input, scope).should == "it replaces value and value"
+      end
+
+      it "replaces hiera interpolations with data looked up in hiera" do
+        input = "%{hiera('key1')}"
+        scope = {}
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => "/tmp"}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.stubs(:lookup).with("key1", scope, nil, :priority, instance_of(Hash)).returns("answer")
+
+        Backend.parse_string(input, scope).should == "answer"
+      end
+
+      it "interpolation passes the order_override back into the backend" do
+        Backend.expects(:lookup).with("lookup::key", nil, {}, "order_override_datasource", :priority, instance_of(Hash))
+        Backend.parse_string("%{hiera('lookup::key')}", {}, {}, {:order_override => "order_override_datasource"})
+      end
+
+      it "replaces literal interpolations with their argument" do
+        scope = {}
+        input = "%{literal('%')}{rspec::data}"
+        Backend.parse_string(input, scope).should == "%{rspec::data}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "#parse_answer" do
+      it "interpolates values in strings" do
+        input = "test_%{rspec}_test"
+        Backend.parse_answer(input, {"rspec" => "test"}).should == "test_test_test"
+      end
+
+      it "interpolates each string in an array" do
+        input = ["test_%{rspec}_test", "test_%{rspec}_test", ["test_%{rspec}_test"]]
+        Backend.parse_answer(input, {"rspec" => "test"}).should == ["test_test_test", "test_test_test", ["test_test_test"]]
+      end
+
+      it "interpolates each string in a hash" do
+        input = {"foo" => "test_%{rspec}_test", "bar" => "test_%{rspec}_test"}
+        Backend.parse_answer(input, {"rspec" => "test"}).should == {"foo"=>"test_test_test", "bar"=>"test_test_test"}
+      end
+
+      it "interpolates string in hash keys" do
+        input = {"%{rspec}" => "test"}
+        Backend.parse_answer(input, {"rspec" => "foo"}).should == {"foo"=>"test"}
+      end
+
+      it "interpolates strings in nested hash keys" do
+        input = {"topkey" => {"%{rspec}" => "test"}}
+        Backend.parse_answer(input, {"rspec" => "foo"}).should == {"topkey"=>{"foo" => "test"}}
+      end
+
+      it "interpolates strings in a mixed structure of arrays and hashes" do
+        input = {"foo" => "test_%{rspec}_test", "bar" => ["test_%{rspec}_test", "test_%{rspec}_test"]}
+        Backend.parse_answer(input, {"rspec" => "test"}).should == {"foo"=>"test_test_test", "bar"=>["test_test_test", "test_test_test"]}
+      end
+
+      it "interpolates hiera lookups values in strings" do
+        input = "test_%{hiera('rspec')}_test"
+        scope = {}
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => "/tmp"}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.stubs(:lookup).with("rspec", scope, nil, :priority, instance_of(Hash)).returns("test")
+        Backend.parse_answer(input, scope).should == "test_test_test"
+      end
+
+      it "interpolates alias lookups with non-string types" do
+        input = "%{alias('rspec')}"
+        scope = {}
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => "/tmp"}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.stubs(:lookup).with("rspec", scope, nil, :priority, instance_of(Hash)).returns(['test', 'test'])
+        Backend.parse_answer(input, scope).should == ['test', 'test']
+      end
+
+      it 'fails if alias interpolation is attempted in a string context with a prefix' do
+        input = "stuff_before%{alias('rspec')}"
+        scope = {}
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => "/tmp"}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.stubs(:lookup).with("rspec", scope, nil, :priority, instance_of(Hash)).returns(['test', 'test'])
+        expect do
+          Backend.parse_answer(input, scope).should == ['test', 'test']
+        end.to raise_error(Hiera::InterpolationInvalidValue, 'Cannot call alias in the string context')
+      end
+
+      it 'fails if alias interpolation is attempted in a string context with a postfix' do
+        input = "%{alias('rspec')}_stiff after"
+        scope = {}
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => "/tmp"}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.stubs(:lookup).with("rspec", scope, nil, :priority, instance_of(Hash)).returns(['test', 'test'])
+        expect do
+          Backend.parse_answer(input, scope).should == ['test', 'test']
+        end.to raise_error(Hiera::InterpolationInvalidValue, 'Cannot call alias in the string context')
+      end
+
+      it "interpolates hiera lookups in each string in an array" do
+        input = ["test_%{hiera('rspec')}_test", "test_%{hiera('rspec')}_test", ["test_%{hiera('rspec')}_test"]]
+        scope = {}
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => "/tmp"}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.stubs(:lookup).with("rspec", scope, nil, :priority, instance_of(Hash)).returns("test")
+        Backend.parse_answer(input, scope).should == ["test_test_test", "test_test_test", ["test_test_test"]]
+      end
+
+      it "interpolates hiera lookups in each string in a hash" do
+        input = {"foo" => "test_%{hiera('rspec')}_test", "bar" => "test_%{hiera('rspec')}_test"}
+        scope = {}
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => "/tmp"}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.stubs(:lookup).with("rspec", scope, nil, :priority, instance_of(Hash)).returns("test")
+        Backend.parse_answer(input, scope).should == {"foo"=>"test_test_test", "bar"=>"test_test_test"}
+      end
+
+      it "interpolates hiera lookups in string in hash keys" do
+        input = {"%{hiera('rspec')}" => "test"}
+        scope = {}
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => "/tmp"}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.stubs(:lookup).with("rspec", scope, nil, :priority, instance_of(Hash)).returns("foo")
+        Backend.parse_answer(input, scope).should == {"foo"=>"test"}
+      end
+
+      it "interpolates hiera lookups in strings in nested hash keys" do
+        input = {"topkey" => {"%{hiera('rspec')}" => "test"}}
+        scope = {}
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => "/tmp"}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.stubs(:lookup).with("rspec", scope, nil, :priority, instance_of(Hash)).returns("foo")
+        Backend.parse_answer(input, scope).should == {"topkey"=>{"foo" => "test"}}
+      end
+
+      it "interpolates hiera lookups in strings in a mixed structure of arrays and hashes" do
+        input = {"foo" => "test_%{hiera('rspec')}_test", "bar" => ["test_%{hiera('rspec')}_test", "test_%{hiera('rspec')}_test"]}
+        scope = {}
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => "/tmp"}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.stubs(:lookup).with("rspec", scope, nil, :priority, instance_of(Hash)).returns("test")
+        Backend.parse_answer(input, scope).should == {"foo"=>"test_test_test", "bar"=>["test_test_test", "test_test_test"]}
+      end
+
+      it "interpolates hiera lookups and scope lookups in the same string" do
+        input = {"foo" => "test_%{hiera('rspec')}_test", "bar" => "test_%{rspec2}_test"}
+        scope = {"rspec2" => "scope_rspec"}
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => "/tmp"}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.stubs(:lookup).with("rspec", scope, nil, :priority, instance_of(Hash)).returns("hiera_rspec")
+        Backend.parse_answer(input, scope).should == {"foo"=>"test_hiera_rspec_test", "bar"=>"test_scope_rspec_test"}
+      end
+
+      it "interpolates hiera and scope lookups with the same lookup query in a single string" do
+        input =  "test_%{hiera('rspec')}_test_%{rspec}"
+        scope = {"rspec" => "scope_rspec"}
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => "/tmp"}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.stubs(:lookup).with("rspec", scope, nil, :priority, instance_of(Hash)).returns("hiera_rspec")
+        Backend.parse_answer(input, scope).should == "test_hiera_rspec_test_scope_rspec"
+      end
+
+      it "passes integers unchanged" do
+        input = 1
+        Backend.parse_answer(input, {"rspec" => "test"}).should == 1
+      end
+
+      it "passes floats unchanged" do
+        input = 0.233
+        Backend.parse_answer(input, {"rspec" => "test"}).should == 0.233
+      end
+
+      it "passes the boolean true unchanged" do
+        input = true
+        Backend.parse_answer(input, {"rspec" => "test"}).should == true
+      end
+
+      it "passes the boolean false unchanged" do
+        input = false
+        Backend.parse_answer(input, {"rspec" => "test"}).should == false
+      end
+
+      it "interpolates lookups using single or double quotes" do
+        input =  "test_%{scope(\"rspec\")}_test_%{scope('rspec')}"
+        scope = {"rspec" => "scope_rspec"}
+        Backend.parse_answer(input, scope).should == "test_scope_rspec_test_scope_rspec"
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "#resolve_answer" do
+      it "flattens and removes duplicate values from arrays during an array lookup" do
+        Backend.resolve_answer(["foo", ["foo", "foo"], "bar"], :array).should == ["foo", "bar"]
+      end
+
+      it "returns the data unchanged during a priority lookup" do
+        Backend.resolve_answer(["foo", ["foo", "foo"], "bar"], :priority).should == ["foo", ["foo", "foo"], "bar"]
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "#lookup" do
+      before do
+        Hiera.stubs(:debug)
+        Hiera.stubs(:warn)
+      end
+
+      it "caches loaded backends" do
+        Backend.clear!
+        Hiera.expects(:debug).with(regexp_matches(/Hiera YAML backend starting/)).once
+
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => "/tmp"}})
+        Config.load_backends
+
+        Backend.lookup("key", "default", {}, nil, nil)
+        Backend.lookup("key", "default", {}, nil, nil)
+      end
+
+      it "returns the answer from the backend" do
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => "/tmp"}})
+        Config.load_backends
+
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.expects(:lookup).with("key", {}, nil, nil, instance_of(Hash)).returns("answer")
+
+        Backend.lookup("key", "default", {}, nil, nil).should == "answer"
+      end
+
+      it "retains the datatypes as returned by the backend" do
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => "/tmp"}})
+        Config.load_backends
+
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.expects(:lookup).with("stringval", {}, nil, nil, instance_of(Hash)).returns("string")
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.expects(:lookup).with("boolval", {}, nil, nil, instance_of(Hash)).returns(false)
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.expects(:lookup).with("numericval", {}, nil, nil, instance_of(Hash)).returns(1)
+
+        Backend.lookup("stringval", "default", {}, nil, nil).should == "string"
+        Backend.lookup("boolval", "default", {}, nil, nil).should == false
+        Backend.lookup("numericval", "default", {}, nil, nil).should == 1
+      end
+
+      it "calls to all backends till an answer is found" do
+        backend = mock
+        backend.expects(:lookup).returns("answer")
+        Config.load({})
+        Config.instance_variable_set("@config", {:backends => ["yaml", "rspec"]})
+        Backend.instance_variable_set("@backends", {"rspec" => backend})
+        #Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.expects(:lookup).with("key", {"rspec" => "test"}, nil, nil)
+        Backend.expects(:constants).returns(["Yaml_backend", "Rspec_backend"]).twice
+
+        Backend.lookup("key", "test_%{rspec}", {"rspec" => "test"}, nil, nil).should == "answer"
+      end
+
+      it "calls to all backends till an answer is found when doing array lookups" do
+        backend = mock
+        backend.expects(:lookup).returns(["answer"])
+        Config.load({})
+        Config.instance_variable_set("@config", {:backends => ["yaml", "rspec"]})
+        Backend.instance_variable_set("@backends", {"rspec" => backend})
+        Backend.expects(:constants).returns(["Yaml_backend", "Rspec_backend"]).twice
+
+        Backend.lookup("key", "notfound", {"rspec" => "test"}, nil, :array).should == ["answer"]
+      end
+
+      it "calls to all backends till an answer is found when doing hash lookups" do
+        thehash = {:answer => "value"}
+        backend = mock
+        backend.expects(:lookup).returns(thehash)
+        Config.load({})
+        Config.instance_variable_set("@config", {:backends => ["yaml", "rspec"]})
+        Backend.instance_variable_set("@backends", {"rspec" => backend})
+        Backend.expects(:constants).returns(["Yaml_backend", "Rspec_backend"]).twice
+
+        Backend.lookup("key", "notfound", {"rspec" => "test"}, nil, :hash).should == thehash
+      end
+
+      it "builds a merged hash from all backends for hash searches" do
+        backend1 = mock :lookup => {"a" => "answer"}
+        backend2 = mock :lookup => {"b" => "bnswer"}
+        Config.load({})
+        Config.instance_variable_set("@config", {:backends => ["first", "second"]})
+        Backend.instance_variable_set("@backends", {"first" => backend1, "second" => backend2})
+        Backend.stubs(:constants).returns(["First_backend", "Second_backend"])
+
+        Backend.lookup("key", {}, {"rspec" => "test"}, nil, :hash).should == {"a" => "answer", "b" => "bnswer"}
+      end
+
+      it "builds an array from all backends for array searches" do
+        backend1 = mock :lookup => ["a", "b"]
+        backend2 = mock :lookup => ["c", "d"]
+        Config.load({})
+        Config.instance_variable_set("@config", {:backends => ["first", "second"]})
+        Backend.instance_variable_set("@backends", {"first" => backend1, "second" => backend2})
+        Backend.stubs(:constants).returns(["First_backend", "Second_backend"])
+
+        Backend.lookup("key", {}, {"rspec" => "test"}, nil, :array).should == ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+      end
+
+      it "uses the earliest backend result for priority searches" do
+        backend1 = mock
+        backend1.stubs(:lookup).returns(["a", "b"])
+        backend2 = mock
+        backend2.stubs(:lookup).returns(["c", "d"])
+        Config.load({})
+        Config.instance_variable_set("@config", {:backends => ["first", "second"]})
+        Backend.instance_variable_set("@backends", {"first" => backend1, "second" => backend2})
+        Backend.stubs(:constants).returns(["First_backend", "Second_backend"])
+
+        Backend.lookup("key", {}, {"rspec" => "test"}, nil, :priority).should == ["a", "b"]
+      end
+
+      it "parses the answers based on resolution_type" do
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => "/tmp"}})
+        Config.load_backends
+
+        Backend.expects(:resolve_answer).with("test_test", :priority).returns("parsed")
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.expects(:lookup).with("key", {"rspec" => "test"}, nil, :priority, instance_of(Hash)).returns("test_test")
+
+        Backend.lookup("key", "test_%{rspec}", {"rspec" => "test"}, nil, :priority).should == "parsed"
+      end
+
+      it "returns the default with variables parsed if nothing is found" do
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => "/tmp"}})
+        Config.load_backends
+
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.expects(:lookup).with("key", {"rspec" => "test"}, nil, nil, instance_of(Hash)).throws(:no_such_key)
+
+        Backend.lookup("key", "test_%{rspec}", {"rspec" => "test"}, nil, nil).should == "test_test"
+      end
+
+      it "returns nil instead of the default when key is found with a nil value" do
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => "/tmp"}})
+        Config.load_backends
+
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.expects(:lookup).with("key", {"rspec" => "test"}, nil, nil, instance_of(Hash)).returns(nil)
+
+        Backend.lookup("key", "test_%{rspec}", {"rspec" => "test"}, nil, nil).should == nil
+      end
+
+      it "keeps string default data as a string" do
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => "/tmp"}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.expects(:lookup).with("key", {}, nil, nil, instance_of(Hash)).throws(:no_such_key)
+        Backend.lookup("key", "test", {}, nil, nil).should == "test"
+      end
+
+      it "keeps array default data as an array" do
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => "/tmp"}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.expects(:lookup).with("key", {}, nil, :array, instance_of(Hash)).throws(:no_such_key)
+        Backend.lookup("key", ["test"], {}, nil, :array).should == ["test"]
+      end
+
+      it "keeps hash default data as a hash" do
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => "/tmp"}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.expects(:lookup).with("key", {}, nil, :hash, instance_of(Hash)).throws(:no_such_key)
+        Backend.lookup("key", {"test" => "value"}, {}, nil, :hash).should == {"test" => "value"}
+      end
+
+      it 'can use qualified key to lookup value in hash' do
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => '/tmp'}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.expects(:lookup).with('key', {}, nil, nil, instance_of(Hash)).returns({ 'test' => 'value'})
+        Backend.lookup('key.test', 'dflt', {}, nil, nil).should == 'value'
+      end
+
+      it 'can use qualified key to lookup value in array' do
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => '/tmp'}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.expects(:lookup).with('key', {}, nil, nil, instance_of(Hash)).returns([ 'first', 'second'])
+        Backend.lookup('key.1', 'dflt', {}, nil, nil).should == 'second'
+      end
+
+      it 'will fail when qualified key is partially found but not expected hash' do
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => '/tmp'}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.expects(:lookup).with('key', {}, nil, nil, instance_of(Hash)).returns(['value 1', 'value 2'])
+        expect do
+          Backend.lookup('key.test', 'dflt', {}, nil, nil)
+        end.to raise_error(Exception, /^Hiera type mismatch:/)
+      end
+
+      it 'will fail when qualified key used with resolution_type :hash' do
+        expect do
+          Backend.lookup('key.test', 'dflt', {}, nil, :hash)
+        end.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /^Resolution type :hash is illegal/)
+      end
+
+      it 'will fail when qualified key used with resolution_type :array' do
+        expect do
+          Backend.lookup('key.test', 'dflt', {}, nil, :array)
+        end.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /^Resolution type :array is illegal/)
+      end
+
+      it 'will succeed when qualified key used with resolution_type :priority' do
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => '/tmp'}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.expects(:lookup).with('key', {}, nil, :priority, instance_of(Hash)).returns({ 'test' => 'value'})
+        Backend.lookup('key.test', 'dflt', {}, nil, :priority).should == 'value'
+      end
+
+      it 'will fail when qualified key is partially found but not expected array' do
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => '/tmp'}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.expects(:lookup).with('key', {}, nil, nil, instance_of(Hash)).returns({ 'test' => 'value'})
+        expect do
+          Backend.lookup('key.2', 'dflt', {}, nil, nil)
+        end.to raise_error(Exception, /^Hiera type mismatch:/)
+      end
+
+      it 'will not fail when qualified key is partially not found' do
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => '/tmp'}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.expects(:lookup).with('key', {}, nil, nil, instance_of(Hash)).returns(nil)
+        Backend.lookup('key.test', 'dflt', {}, nil, nil).should == 'dflt'
+      end
+
+      it 'will not fail when qualified key is array index out of bounds' do
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => '/tmp'}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.expects(:lookup).with('key', {}, nil, nil, instance_of(Hash)).returns(['value 1', 'value 2'])
+        Backend.lookup('key.33', 'dflt', {}, nil, nil).should == 'dflt'
+      end
+
+      it 'can use qualified key in interpolation to lookup value in hash' do
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => '/tmp'}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        Hiera::Backend.stubs(:datasourcefiles).yields('foo', 'bar')
+        Hiera::Filecache.any_instance.expects(:read_file).at_most(2).returns({'key' => '%{hiera(\'some.subkey\')}', 'some' => { 'subkey' => 'value' }})
+        Backend.lookup('key', 'dflt', {}, nil, nil).should == 'value'
+      end
+
+      it 'can use qualified key in interpolated default and scope' do
+        Config.load({:yaml => {:datadir => '/tmp'}})
+        Config.load_backends
+        scope = { 'some' => { 'test' => 'value'}}
+        Backend::Yaml_backend.any_instance.expects(:lookup).with('key', scope, nil, nil, instance_of(Hash))
+        Backend.lookup('key.notfound', '%{some.test}', scope, nil, nil).should == 'value'
+      end
+
+      it "handles older backend with 4 argument lookup" do
+        Config.load({})
+        Config.instance_variable_set("@config", {:backends => ["Backend1x"]})
+
+        Hiera.expects(:debug).at_least_once.with(regexp_matches /Using Hiera 1.x backend/)
+        Backend.lookup("key", {}, {"rspec" => "test"}, nil, :priority).should == ["a", "b"]
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe '#merge_answer' do
+      before do
+        Hiera.stubs(:debug)
+        Hiera.stubs(:warn)
+        Config.stubs(:validate!)
+      end
+
+      it "uses Hash.merge when configured with :merge_behavior => :native" do
+        Config.load({:merge_behavior => :native})
+        Hash.any_instance.expects(:merge).with({"b" => "bnswer"}).returns({"a" => "answer", "b" => "bnswer"})
+        Backend.merge_answer({"a" => "answer"},{"b" => "bnswer"}).should == {"a" => "answer", "b" => "bnswer"}
+      end
+
+      it "uses deep_merge! when configured with :merge_behavior => :deeper" do
+        Config.load({:merge_behavior => :deeper})
+        Hash.any_instance.expects('deep_merge!').with({"b" => "bnswer"}, {}).returns({"a" => "answer", "b" => "bnswer"})
+        Backend.merge_answer({"a" => "answer"},{"b" => "bnswer"}).should == {"a" => "answer", "b" => "bnswer"}
+      end
+
+      it "uses deep_merge when configured with :merge_behavior => :deep" do
+        Config.load({:merge_behavior => :deep})
+        Hash.any_instance.expects('deep_merge').with({"b" => "bnswer"}, {}).returns({"a" => "answer", "b" => "bnswer"})
+        Backend.merge_answer({"a" => "answer"},{"b" => "bnswer"}).should == {"a" => "answer", "b" => "bnswer"}
+      end
+
+      it "disregards configuration when 'merge' parameter is given as a Hash" do
+        Config.load({:merge_behavior => :deep})
+        Hash.any_instance.expects('deep_merge!').with({"b" => "bnswer"}, {}).returns({"a" => "answer", "b" => "bnswer"})
+        Backend.merge_answer({"a" => "answer"},{"b" => "bnswer"}, {:behavior => 'deeper' }).should == {"a" => "answer", "b" => "bnswer"}
+      end
+
+      it "propagates deep merge options when given Hash 'merge' parameter" do
+        Hash.any_instance.expects('deep_merge!').with({"b" => "bnswer"}, { :knockout_prefix => '-' }).returns({"a" => "answer", "b" => "bnswer"})
+        Backend.merge_answer({"a" => "answer"},{"b" => "bnswer"}, {:behavior => 'deeper', :knockout_prefix => '-'}).should == {"a" => "answer", "b" => "bnswer"}
+      end
+
+      it "passes Config[:deep_merge_options] into calls to deep_merge" do
+        Config.load({:merge_behavior => :deep, :deep_merge_options => { :knockout_prefix => '-' } })
+        Hash.any_instance.expects('deep_merge').with({"b" => "bnswer"}, {:knockout_prefix => '-'}).returns({"a" => "answer", "b" => "bnswer"})
+        Backend.merge_answer({"a" => "answer"},{"b" => "bnswer"}).should == {"a" => "answer", "b" => "bnswer"}
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end