grpc 1.64.3 → 1.70.1

data/src/core/client_channel/client_channel.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,1425 @@
+// Copyright 2015 gRPC authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "src/core/client_channel/client_channel.h"
+
+#include <grpc/event_engine/event_engine.h>
+#include <grpc/impl/channel_arg_names.h>
+#include <grpc/slice.h>
+#include <grpc/status.h>
+#include <grpc/support/json.h>
+#include <grpc/support/metrics.h>
+#include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
+#include <grpc/support/string_util.h>
+#include <grpc/support/time.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <functional>
+#include <new>
+#include <set>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "absl/cleanup/cleanup.h"
+#include "absl/log/log.h"
+#include "absl/status/status.h"
+#include "absl/status/statusor.h"
+#include "absl/strings/cord.h"
+#include "absl/strings/numbers.h"
+#include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
+#include "absl/strings/str_join.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
+#include "absl/types/optional.h"
+#include "absl/types/variant.h"
+#include "src/core/client_channel/client_channel_internal.h"
+#include "src/core/client_channel/client_channel_service_config.h"
+#include "src/core/client_channel/config_selector.h"
+#include "src/core/client_channel/dynamic_filters.h"
+#include "src/core/client_channel/global_subchannel_pool.h"
+#include "src/core/client_channel/local_subchannel_pool.h"
+#include "src/core/client_channel/retry_interceptor.h"
+#include "src/core/client_channel/subchannel.h"
+#include "src/core/client_channel/subchannel_interface_internal.h"
+#include "src/core/config/core_configuration.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/filters/channel_idle/legacy_channel_idle_filter.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/address_utils/sockaddr_utils.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/channel/channel_args.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/channel/status_util.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/debug/trace.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/event_engine/channel_args_endpoint_config.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/resolved_address.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/promise/context.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/promise/exec_ctx_wakeup_scheduler.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/promise/loop.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/promise/map.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/promise/poll.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/promise/sleep.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/promise/try_seq.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/resource_quota/arena.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/security/credentials/credentials.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/slice/slice.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_internal.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/surface/call.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/surface/channel.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/surface/client_call.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/surface/completion_queue.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/transport/call_spine.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/transport/connectivity_state.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/transport/metadata_batch.h"
+#include "src/core/load_balancing/child_policy_handler.h"
+#include "src/core/load_balancing/lb_policy.h"
+#include "src/core/load_balancing/lb_policy_registry.h"
+#include "src/core/load_balancing/subchannel_interface.h"
+#include "src/core/resolver/endpoint_addresses.h"
+#include "src/core/resolver/resolver_registry.h"
+#include "src/core/service_config/service_config_impl.h"
+#include "src/core/telemetry/metrics.h"
+#include "src/core/util/crash.h"
+#include "src/core/util/debug_location.h"
+#include "src/core/util/json/json.h"
+#include "src/core/util/sync.h"
+#include "src/core/util/useful.h"
+#include "src/core/util/work_serializer.h"
+
+namespace grpc_core {
+
+using grpc_event_engine::experimental::EventEngine;
+
+using internal::ClientChannelMethodParsedConfig;
+
+//
+// ClientChannel::ResolverResultHandler
+//
+
+class ClientChannel::ResolverResultHandler : public Resolver::ResultHandler {
+ public:
+  explicit ResolverResultHandler(
+      WeakRefCountedPtr<ClientChannel> client_channel)
+      : client_channel_(std::move(client_channel)) {}
+
+  ~ResolverResultHandler() override {
+    GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+        << "client_channel=" << client_channel_.get()
+        << ": resolver shutdown complete";
+  }
+
+  void ReportResult(Resolver::Result result) override
+      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(*client_channel_->work_serializer_) {
+    client_channel_->OnResolverResultChangedLocked(std::move(result));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  WeakRefCountedPtr<ClientChannel> client_channel_;
+};
+
+//
+// ClientChannel::SubchannelWrapper
+//
+
+// This class is a wrapper for Subchannel that hides details of the
+// channel's implementation (such as the connected subchannel) from the
+// LB policy API.
+//
+// Note that no synchronization is needed here, because even if the
+// underlying subchannel is shared between channels, this wrapper will only
+// be used within one channel, so it will always be synchronized by the
+// control plane work_serializer.
+class ClientChannel::SubchannelWrapper
+    : public SubchannelInterfaceWithCallDestination {
+ public:
+  SubchannelWrapper(WeakRefCountedPtr<ClientChannel> client_channel,
+                    RefCountedPtr<Subchannel> subchannel);
+  ~SubchannelWrapper() override;
+
+  void Orphaned() override;
+  void WatchConnectivityState(
+      std::unique_ptr<ConnectivityStateWatcherInterface> watcher) override
+      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(*client_channel_->work_serializer_);
+  void CancelConnectivityStateWatch(
+      ConnectivityStateWatcherInterface* watcher) override
+      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(*client_channel_->work_serializer_);
+
+  RefCountedPtr<UnstartedCallDestination> call_destination() override {
+    return subchannel_->call_destination();
+  }
+
+  void RequestConnection() override { subchannel_->RequestConnection(); }
+
+  void ResetBackoff() override { subchannel_->ResetBackoff(); }
+
+  void AddDataWatcher(std::unique_ptr<DataWatcherInterface> watcher) override
+      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(*client_channel_->work_serializer_);
+  void CancelDataWatcher(DataWatcherInterface* watcher) override
+      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(*client_channel_->work_serializer_);
+  void ThrottleKeepaliveTime(int new_keepalive_time);
+  std::string address() const override { return subchannel_->address(); }
+
+ private:
+  class WatcherWrapper;
+
+  // A heterogenous lookup comparator for data watchers that allows
+  // unique_ptr keys to be looked up as raw pointers.
+  struct DataWatcherLessThan {
+    using is_transparent = void;
+    bool operator()(const std::unique_ptr<DataWatcherInterface>& p1,
+                    const std::unique_ptr<DataWatcherInterface>& p2) const {
+      return p1 < p2;
+    }
+    bool operator()(const std::unique_ptr<DataWatcherInterface>& p1,
+                    const DataWatcherInterface* p2) const {
+      return p1.get() < p2;
+    }
+    bool operator()(const DataWatcherInterface* p1,
+                    const std::unique_ptr<DataWatcherInterface>& p2) const {
+      return p1 < p2.get();
+    }
+  };
+
+  WeakRefCountedPtr<ClientChannel> client_channel_;
+  RefCountedPtr<Subchannel> subchannel_;
+  // Maps from the address of the watcher passed to us by the LB policy
+  // to the address of the WrapperWatcher that we passed to the underlying
+  // subchannel.  This is needed so that when the LB policy calls
+  // CancelConnectivityStateWatch() with its watcher, we know the
+  // corresponding WrapperWatcher to cancel on the underlying subchannel.
+  std::map<ConnectivityStateWatcherInterface*, WatcherWrapper*> watcher_map_
+      ABSL_GUARDED_BY(*client_channel_->work_serializer_);
+  std::set<std::unique_ptr<DataWatcherInterface>, DataWatcherLessThan>
+      data_watchers_ ABSL_GUARDED_BY(*client_channel_->work_serializer_);
+};
+
+// This wrapper provides a bridge between the internal Subchannel API
+// and the SubchannelInterface API that we expose to LB policies.
+// It implements Subchannel::ConnectivityStateWatcherInterface and wraps
+// the instance of SubchannelInterface::ConnectivityStateWatcherInterface
+// that was passed in by the LB policy.  We pass an instance of this
+// class to the underlying Subchannel, and when we get updates from
+// the subchannel, we pass those on to the wrapped watcher to return
+// the update to the LB policy.
+//
+// This class handles things like hopping into the WorkSerializer
+// before passing notifications to the LB policy and propagating
+// keepalive information between subchannels.
+class ClientChannel::SubchannelWrapper::WatcherWrapper
+    : public Subchannel::ConnectivityStateWatcherInterface {
+ public:
+  WatcherWrapper(
+      std::unique_ptr<SubchannelInterface::ConnectivityStateWatcherInterface>
+          watcher,
+      RefCountedPtr<SubchannelWrapper> subchannel_wrapper)
+      : watcher_(std::move(watcher)),
+        subchannel_wrapper_(std::move(subchannel_wrapper)) {}
+
+  ~WatcherWrapper() override {
+    subchannel_wrapper_.reset(DEBUG_LOCATION, "WatcherWrapper");
+  }
+
+  void OnConnectivityStateChange(
+      RefCountedPtr<ConnectivityStateWatcherInterface> self,
+      grpc_connectivity_state state, const absl::Status& status) override {
+    GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+        << "client_channel=" << subchannel_wrapper_->client_channel_.get()
+        << ": connectivity change for subchannel wrapper "
+        << subchannel_wrapper_.get() << " subchannel "
+        << subchannel_wrapper_->subchannel_.get()
+        << "; hopping into work_serializer";
+    self.release();  // Held by callback.
+    subchannel_wrapper_->client_channel_->work_serializer_->Run(
+        [this, state, status]() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(
+            *subchannel_wrapper_->client_channel_->work_serializer_) {
+          ApplyUpdateInControlPlaneWorkSerializer(state, status);
+          Unref();
+        },
+        DEBUG_LOCATION);
+  }
+
+  grpc_pollset_set* interested_parties() override { return nullptr; }
+
+ private:
+  void ApplyUpdateInControlPlaneWorkSerializer(grpc_connectivity_state state,
+                                               const absl::Status& status)
+      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(
+          *subchannel_wrapper_->client_channel_->work_serializer_) {
+    GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+        << "client_channel=" << subchannel_wrapper_->client_channel_.get()
+        << ": processing connectivity change in work serializer for subchannel "
+           "wrapper "
+        << subchannel_wrapper_.get() << " subchannel "
+        << subchannel_wrapper_->subchannel_.get()
+        << " watcher=" << watcher_.get()
+        << " state=" << ConnectivityStateName(state) << " status=" << status;
+    absl::optional<absl::Cord> keepalive_throttling =
+        status.GetPayload(kKeepaliveThrottlingKey);
+    if (keepalive_throttling.has_value()) {
+      int new_keepalive_time = -1;
+      if (absl::SimpleAtoi(std::string(keepalive_throttling.value()),
+                           &new_keepalive_time)) {
+        if (new_keepalive_time >
+            subchannel_wrapper_->client_channel_->keepalive_time_) {
+          subchannel_wrapper_->client_channel_->keepalive_time_ =
+              new_keepalive_time;
+          GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+              << "client_channel=" << subchannel_wrapper_->client_channel_.get()
+              << ": throttling keepalive time to "
+              << subchannel_wrapper_->client_channel_->keepalive_time_;
+          // Propagate the new keepalive time to all subchannels. This is so
+          // that new transports created by any subchannel (and not just the
+          // subchannel that received the GOAWAY), use the new keepalive time.
+          for (auto* subchannel_wrapper :
+               subchannel_wrapper_->client_channel_->subchannel_wrappers_) {
+            subchannel_wrapper->ThrottleKeepaliveTime(new_keepalive_time);
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "client_channel="
+                   << subchannel_wrapper_->client_channel_.get()
+                   << ": Illegal keepalive throttling value "
+                   << std::string(keepalive_throttling.value());
+      }
+    }
+    // Propagate status only in state TF.
+    // We specifically want to avoid propagating the status for
+    // state IDLE that the real subchannel gave us only for the
+    // purpose of keepalive propagation.
+    watcher_->OnConnectivityStateChange(
+        state,
+        state == GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE ? status : absl::OkStatus());
+  }
+
+  std::unique_ptr<SubchannelInterface::ConnectivityStateWatcherInterface>
+      watcher_;
+  RefCountedPtr<SubchannelWrapper> subchannel_wrapper_;
+};
+
+ClientChannel::SubchannelWrapper::SubchannelWrapper(
+    WeakRefCountedPtr<ClientChannel> client_channel,
+    RefCountedPtr<Subchannel> subchannel)
+    : SubchannelInterfaceWithCallDestination(
+          GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(client_channel) ? "SubchannelWrapper"
+                                                  : nullptr),
+      client_channel_(std::move(client_channel)),
+      subchannel_(std::move(subchannel)) {
+  GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+      << "client_channel=" << client_channel_.get()
+      << ": creating subchannel wrapper " << this << " for subchannel "
+      << subchannel_.get();
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  DCHECK(client_channel_->work_serializer_->RunningInWorkSerializer());
+#endif
+  if (client_channel_->channelz_node_ != nullptr) {
+    auto* subchannel_node = subchannel_->channelz_node();
+    if (subchannel_node != nullptr) {
+      auto it =
+          client_channel_->subchannel_refcount_map_.find(subchannel_.get());
+      if (it == client_channel_->subchannel_refcount_map_.end()) {
+        client_channel_->channelz_node_->AddChildSubchannel(
+            subchannel_node->uuid());
+        it = client_channel_->subchannel_refcount_map_
+                 .emplace(subchannel_.get(), 0)
+                 .first;
+      }
+      ++it->second;
+    }
+  }
+  client_channel_->subchannel_wrappers_.insert(this);
+}
+
+ClientChannel::SubchannelWrapper::~SubchannelWrapper() {
+  GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+      << "client_channel=" << client_channel_.get()
+      << ": destroying subchannel wrapper " << this << " for subchannel "
+      << subchannel_.get();
+}
+
+void ClientChannel::SubchannelWrapper::Orphaned() {
+  // Make sure we clean up the channel's subchannel maps inside the
+  // WorkSerializer.
+  auto self = WeakRefAsSubclass<SubchannelWrapper>(DEBUG_LOCATION,
+                                                   "subchannel map cleanup");
+  client_channel_->work_serializer_->Run(
+      [self]() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(
+          *self->client_channel_->work_serializer_) {
+        self->client_channel_->subchannel_wrappers_.erase(self.get());
+        if (self->client_channel_->channelz_node_ != nullptr) {
+          auto* subchannel_node = self->subchannel_->channelz_node();
+          if (subchannel_node != nullptr) {
+            auto it = self->client_channel_->subchannel_refcount_map_.find(
+                self->subchannel_.get());
+            CHECK(it != self->client_channel_->subchannel_refcount_map_.end());
+            --it->second;
+            if (it->second == 0) {
+              self->client_channel_->channelz_node_->RemoveChildSubchannel(
+                  subchannel_node->uuid());
+              self->client_channel_->subchannel_refcount_map_.erase(it);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      DEBUG_LOCATION);
+}
+
+void ClientChannel::SubchannelWrapper::WatchConnectivityState(
+    std::unique_ptr<ConnectivityStateWatcherInterface> watcher) {
+  auto& watcher_wrapper = watcher_map_[watcher.get()];
+  CHECK(watcher_wrapper == nullptr);
+  watcher_wrapper = new WatcherWrapper(
+      std::move(watcher),
+      RefAsSubclass<SubchannelWrapper>(DEBUG_LOCATION, "WatcherWrapper"));
+  subchannel_->WatchConnectivityState(
+      RefCountedPtr<Subchannel::ConnectivityStateWatcherInterface>(
+          watcher_wrapper));
+}
+
+void ClientChannel::SubchannelWrapper::CancelConnectivityStateWatch(
+    ConnectivityStateWatcherInterface* watcher) {
+  auto it = watcher_map_.find(watcher);
+  CHECK(it != watcher_map_.end());
+  subchannel_->CancelConnectivityStateWatch(it->second);
+  watcher_map_.erase(it);
+}
+
+void ClientChannel::SubchannelWrapper::AddDataWatcher(
+    std::unique_ptr<DataWatcherInterface> watcher) {
+  static_cast<InternalSubchannelDataWatcherInterface*>(watcher.get())
+      ->SetSubchannel(subchannel_.get());
+  CHECK(data_watchers_.insert(std::move(watcher)).second);
+}
+
+void ClientChannel::SubchannelWrapper::CancelDataWatcher(
+    DataWatcherInterface* watcher) {
+  auto it = data_watchers_.find(watcher);
+  if (it != data_watchers_.end()) data_watchers_.erase(it);
+}
+
+void ClientChannel::SubchannelWrapper::ThrottleKeepaliveTime(
+    int new_keepalive_time) {
+  subchannel_->ThrottleKeepaliveTime(new_keepalive_time);
+}
+
+//
+// ClientChannel::ClientChannelControlHelper
+//
+
+class ClientChannel::ClientChannelControlHelper
+    : public LoadBalancingPolicy::ChannelControlHelper {
+ public:
+  explicit ClientChannelControlHelper(
+      WeakRefCountedPtr<ClientChannel> client_channel)
+      : client_channel_(std::move(client_channel)) {}
+
+  ~ClientChannelControlHelper() override {
+    client_channel_.reset(DEBUG_LOCATION, "ClientChannelControlHelper");
+  }
+
+  RefCountedPtr<SubchannelInterface> CreateSubchannel(
+      const grpc_resolved_address& address, const ChannelArgs& per_address_args,
+      const ChannelArgs& args) override
+      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(*client_channel_->work_serializer_) {
+    // If shutting down, do nothing.
+    if (client_channel_->resolver_ == nullptr) return nullptr;
+    ChannelArgs subchannel_args = Subchannel::MakeSubchannelArgs(
+        args, per_address_args, client_channel_->subchannel_pool_,
+        client_channel_->default_authority_);
+    // Create subchannel.
+    RefCountedPtr<Subchannel> subchannel =
+        client_channel_->client_channel_factory_->CreateSubchannel(
+            address, subchannel_args);
+    if (subchannel == nullptr) return nullptr;
+    // Make sure the subchannel has updated keepalive time.
+    subchannel->ThrottleKeepaliveTime(client_channel_->keepalive_time_);
+    // Create and return wrapper for the subchannel.
+    return MakeRefCounted<SubchannelWrapper>(client_channel_,
+                                             std::move(subchannel));
+  }
+
+  void UpdateState(
+      grpc_connectivity_state state, const absl::Status& status,
+      RefCountedPtr<LoadBalancingPolicy::SubchannelPicker> picker) override
+      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(*client_channel_->work_serializer_) {
+    if (client_channel_->resolver_ == nullptr) return;  // Shutting down.
+    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(client_channel)) {
+      const char* extra = client_channel_->disconnect_error_.ok()
+                              ? ""
+                              : " (ignoring -- channel shutting down)";
+      LOG(INFO) << "client_channel=" << client_channel_.get()
+                << ": update: state=" << ConnectivityStateName(state)
+                << " status=(" << status << ") picker=" << picker.get()
+                << extra;
+    }
+    // Do update only if not shutting down.
+    if (client_channel_->disconnect_error_.ok()) {
+      client_channel_->UpdateStateAndPickerLocked(state, status, "helper",
+                                                  std::move(picker));
+    }
+  }
+
+  void RequestReresolution() override
+      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(*client_channel_->work_serializer_) {
+    if (client_channel_->resolver_ == nullptr) return;  // Shutting down.
+    GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+        << "client_channel=" << client_channel_.get()
+        << ": started name re-resolving";
+    client_channel_->resolver_->RequestReresolutionLocked();
+  }
+
+  absl::string_view GetTarget() override { return client_channel_->target(); }
+
+  absl::string_view GetAuthority() override {
+    return client_channel_->default_authority_;
+  }
+
+  RefCountedPtr<grpc_channel_credentials> GetChannelCredentials() override {
+    return client_channel_->channel_args_.GetObject<grpc_channel_credentials>()
+        ->duplicate_without_call_credentials();
+  }
+
+  RefCountedPtr<grpc_channel_credentials> GetUnsafeChannelCredentials()
+      override {
+    return client_channel_->channel_args_.GetObject<grpc_channel_credentials>()
+        ->Ref();
+  }
+
+  EventEngine* GetEventEngine() override {
+    return client_channel_->event_engine();
+  }
+
+  GlobalStatsPluginRegistry::StatsPluginGroup& GetStatsPluginGroup() override {
+    return client_channel_->stats_plugin_group_;
+  }
+
+  void AddTraceEvent(TraceSeverity severity, absl::string_view message) override
+      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(*client_channel_->work_serializer_) {
+    if (client_channel_->resolver_ == nullptr) return;  // Shutting down.
+    if (client_channel_->channelz_node_ != nullptr) {
+      client_channel_->channelz_node_->AddTraceEvent(
+          ConvertSeverityEnum(severity),
+          grpc_slice_from_copied_buffer(message.data(), message.size()));
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  static channelz::ChannelTrace::Severity ConvertSeverityEnum(
+      TraceSeverity severity) {
+    if (severity == TRACE_INFO) return channelz::ChannelTrace::Info;
+    if (severity == TRACE_WARNING) return channelz::ChannelTrace::Warning;
+    return channelz::ChannelTrace::Error;
+  }
+
+  WeakRefCountedPtr<ClientChannel> client_channel_;
+};
+
+//
+// ClientChannel implementation
+//
+
+namespace {
+
+RefCountedPtr<SubchannelPoolInterface> GetSubchannelPool(
+    const ChannelArgs& args) {
+  if (args.GetBool(GRPC_ARG_USE_LOCAL_SUBCHANNEL_POOL).value_or(false)) {
+    return MakeRefCounted<LocalSubchannelPool>();
+  }
+  return GlobalSubchannelPool::instance();
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+absl::StatusOr<RefCountedPtr<Channel>> ClientChannel::Create(
+    std::string target, ChannelArgs channel_args) {
+  // Get URI to resolve, using proxy mapper if needed.
+  if (target.empty()) {
+    return absl::InternalError("target URI is empty in client channel");
+  }
+  std::string uri_to_resolve = CoreConfiguration::Get()
+                                   .proxy_mapper_registry()
+                                   .MapName(target, &channel_args)
+                                   .value_or(target);
+  // Make sure the URI to resolve is valid, so that we know that
+  // resolver creation will succeed later.
+  if (!CoreConfiguration::Get().resolver_registry().IsValidTarget(
+          uri_to_resolve)) {
+    return absl::InvalidArgumentError(
+        absl::StrCat("invalid target URI: ", uri_to_resolve));
+  }
+  // Get default service config.  If none is specified via the client API,
+  // we use an empty config.
+  absl::optional<absl::string_view> service_config_json =
+      channel_args.GetString(GRPC_ARG_SERVICE_CONFIG);
+  if (!service_config_json.has_value()) service_config_json = "{}";
+  auto default_service_config =
+      ServiceConfigImpl::Create(channel_args, *service_config_json);
+  if (!default_service_config.ok()) return default_service_config.status();
+  // Strip out service config channel arg, so that it doesn't affect
+  // subchannel uniqueness when the args flow down to that layer.
+  channel_args = channel_args.Remove(GRPC_ARG_SERVICE_CONFIG);
+  // Check client channel factory.
+  auto* client_channel_factory = channel_args.GetObject<ClientChannelFactory>();
+  if (client_channel_factory == nullptr) {
+    return absl::InternalError(
+        "Missing client channel factory in args for client channel");
+  }
+  auto* call_destination_factory =
+      channel_args.GetObject<CallDestinationFactory>();
+  if (call_destination_factory == nullptr) {
+    return absl::InternalError(
+        "Missing call destination factory in args for client channel");
+  }
+  if (channel_args.GetObject<EventEngine>() == nullptr) {
+    return absl::InternalError(
+        "Missing event engine in args for client channel");
+  }
+  // Success.  Construct channel.
+  return MakeRefCounted<ClientChannel>(
+      std::move(target), std::move(channel_args), std::move(uri_to_resolve),
+      std::move(*default_service_config), client_channel_factory,
+      call_destination_factory);
+}
+
+namespace {
+std::string GetDefaultAuthorityFromChannelArgs(const ChannelArgs& channel_args,
+                                               absl::string_view target) {
+  absl::optional<std::string> default_authority =
+      channel_args.GetOwnedString(GRPC_ARG_DEFAULT_AUTHORITY);
+  if (!default_authority.has_value()) {
+    return CoreConfiguration::Get().resolver_registry().GetDefaultAuthority(
+        target);
+  } else {
+    return std::move(*default_authority);
+  }
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+ClientChannel::ClientChannel(
+    std::string target, ChannelArgs channel_args, std::string uri_to_resolve,
+    RefCountedPtr<ServiceConfig> default_service_config,
+    ClientChannelFactory* client_channel_factory,
+    CallDestinationFactory* call_destination_factory)
+    : Channel(std::move(target), channel_args),
+      channel_args_(std::move(channel_args)),
+      event_engine_(channel_args_.GetObjectRef<EventEngine>()),
+      uri_to_resolve_(std::move(uri_to_resolve)),
+      service_config_parser_index_(
+          internal::ClientChannelServiceConfigParser::ParserIndex()),
+      default_service_config_(std::move(default_service_config)),
+      client_channel_factory_(client_channel_factory),
+      default_authority_(
+          GetDefaultAuthorityFromChannelArgs(channel_args_, this->target())),
+      channelz_node_(channel_args_.GetObject<channelz::ChannelNode>()),
+      idle_timeout_(GetClientIdleTimeout(channel_args_)),
+      resolver_data_for_calls_(ResolverDataForCalls{}),
+      picker_(nullptr),
+      call_destination_(
+          call_destination_factory->CreateCallDestination(picker_)),
+      work_serializer_(std::make_shared<WorkSerializer>(event_engine_)),
+      state_tracker_("client_channel", GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE),
+      subchannel_pool_(GetSubchannelPool(channel_args_)) {
+  CHECK(event_engine_.get() != nullptr);
+  GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+      << "client_channel=" << this << ": creating client_channel";
+  // Set initial keepalive time.
+  auto keepalive_arg = channel_args_.GetInt(GRPC_ARG_KEEPALIVE_TIME_MS);
+  if (keepalive_arg.has_value()) {
+    keepalive_time_ = Clamp(*keepalive_arg, 1, INT_MAX);
+  } else {
+    keepalive_time_ = -1;  // unset
+  }
+  // Get stats plugins for channel.
+  grpc_event_engine::experimental::ChannelArgsEndpointConfig endpoint_config(
+      channel_args_);
+  experimental::StatsPluginChannelScope scope(
+      this->target(), default_authority_, endpoint_config);
+  stats_plugin_group_ =
+      GlobalStatsPluginRegistry::GetStatsPluginsForChannel(scope);
+}
+
+ClientChannel::~ClientChannel() {
+  GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+      << "client_channel=" << this << ": destroying";
+}
+
+void ClientChannel::Orphaned() {
+  GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+      << "client_channel=" << this << ": shutting down";
+  // Weird capture then copy needed to satisfy thread safety analysis,
+  // otherwise it seems to fail to recognize the correct lock is taken in the
+  // lambda.
+  auto self = WeakRefAsSubclass<ClientChannel>();
+  work_serializer_->Run(
+      [self]() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(*self->work_serializer_) {
+        self->DestroyResolverAndLbPolicyLocked();
+      },
+      DEBUG_LOCATION);
+  // IncreaseCallCount() introduces a phony call and prevents the idle
+  // timer from being reset by other threads.
+  idle_state_.IncreaseCallCount();
+  idle_activity_.Reset();
+}
+
+grpc_connectivity_state ClientChannel::CheckConnectivityState(
+    bool try_to_connect) {
+  // state_tracker_ is guarded by work_serializer_, which we're not
+  // holding here.  But the one method of state_tracker_ that *is*
+  // thread-safe to call without external synchronization is the state()
+  // method, so we can disable thread-safety analysis for this one read.
+  grpc_connectivity_state state =
+      ABSL_TS_UNCHECKED_READ(state_tracker_).state();
+  if (state == GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE && try_to_connect) {
+    auto self = WeakRefAsSubclass<ClientChannel>();  // Held by callback.
+    work_serializer_->Run(
+        [self]() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(*self->work_serializer_) {
+          self->TryToConnectLocked();
+        },
+        DEBUG_LOCATION);
+  }
+  return state;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// A fire-and-forget object to handle external connectivity state watches.
+class ExternalStateWatcher : public RefCounted<ExternalStateWatcher> {
+ public:
+  ExternalStateWatcher(WeakRefCountedPtr<ClientChannel> channel,
+                       grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag,
+                       grpc_connectivity_state last_observed_state,
+                       Timestamp deadline)
+      : channel_(std::move(channel)), cq_(cq), tag_(tag) {
+    MutexLock lock(&mu_);
+    // Start watch.  This inherits the ref from creation.
+    auto watcher =
+        MakeOrphanable<Watcher>(RefCountedPtr<ExternalStateWatcher>(this));
+    watcher_ = watcher.get();
+    channel_->AddConnectivityWatcher(last_observed_state, std::move(watcher));
+    // Start timer.  This takes a second ref.
+    const Duration timeout = deadline - Timestamp::Now();
+    timer_handle_ =
+        channel_->event_engine()->RunAfter(timeout, [self = Ref()]() mutable {
+          ApplicationCallbackExecCtx callback_exec_ctx;
+          ExecCtx exec_ctx;
+          self->MaybeStartCompletion(absl::DeadlineExceededError(
+              "Timed out waiting for connection state change"));
+          // ExternalStateWatcher deletion might require an active ExecCtx.
+          self.reset();
+        });
+  }
+
+ private:
+  class Watcher : public AsyncConnectivityStateWatcherInterface {
+   public:
+    explicit Watcher(RefCountedPtr<ExternalStateWatcher> external_state_watcher)
+        : external_state_watcher_(std::move(external_state_watcher)) {}
+
+    void OnConnectivityStateChange(grpc_connectivity_state /*new_state*/,
+                                   const absl::Status& /*status*/) override {
+      external_state_watcher_->MaybeStartCompletion(absl::OkStatus());
+    }
+
+   private:
+    RefCountedPtr<ExternalStateWatcher> external_state_watcher_;
+  };
+
+  // This is called both when the watch reports a new connectivity state
+  // and when the timer fires.  It will trigger a CQ notification only
+  // on the first call.  Subsequent calls will be ignored, because
+  // events can come in asynchronously.
+  void MaybeStartCompletion(absl::Status status) {
+    MutexLock lock(&mu_);
+    if (watcher_ == nullptr) return;  // Ignore subsequent notifications.
+    // Cancel watch.
+    channel_->RemoveConnectivityWatcher(watcher_);
+    watcher_ = nullptr;
+    // Cancel timer.
+    channel_->event_engine()->Cancel(timer_handle_);
+    // Send CQ completion.
+    Ref().release();  // Released in FinishedCompletion().
+    grpc_cq_end_op(cq_, tag_, status, FinishedCompletion, this,
+                   &completion_storage_);
+  }
+
+  // Called when the completion is returned to the CQ.
+  static void FinishedCompletion(void* arg, grpc_cq_completion* /*ignored*/) {
+    auto* self = static_cast<ExternalStateWatcher*>(arg);
+    self->Unref();
+  }
+
+  WeakRefCountedPtr<ClientChannel> channel_;
+
+  Mutex mu_;
+  grpc_completion_queue* cq_ ABSL_GUARDED_BY(&mu_);
+  void* tag_ ABSL_GUARDED_BY(&mu_);
+  grpc_cq_completion completion_storage_ ABSL_GUARDED_BY(&mu_);
+  Watcher* watcher_ ABSL_GUARDED_BY(&mu_) = nullptr;
+  grpc_event_engine::experimental::EventEngine::TaskHandle timer_handle_
+      ABSL_GUARDED_BY(&mu_);
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void ClientChannel::WatchConnectivityState(grpc_connectivity_state state,
+                                           Timestamp deadline,
+                                           grpc_completion_queue* cq,
+                                           void* tag) {
+  new ExternalStateWatcher(WeakRefAsSubclass<ClientChannel>(), cq, tag, state,
+                           deadline);
+}
+
+void ClientChannel::AddConnectivityWatcher(
+    grpc_connectivity_state,
+    OrphanablePtr<AsyncConnectivityStateWatcherInterface>) {
+  Crash("not implemented");
+  // TODO(ctiller): to make this work, need to change WorkSerializer to use
+  // absl::AnyInvocable<> instead of std::function<>
+  //  work_serializer_->Run(
+  //      [self = RefAsSubclass<ClientChannel>(), initial_state,
+  //       watcher = std::move(watcher)]()
+  //            ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(*work_serializer_) {
+  //        self->state_tracker_.AddWatcher(initial_state, std::move(watcher));
+  //      },
+  //      DEBUG_LOCATION);
+}
+
+void ClientChannel::RemoveConnectivityWatcher(
+    AsyncConnectivityStateWatcherInterface* watcher) {
+  auto self = RefAsSubclass<ClientChannel>();  // Held by callback.
+  work_serializer_->Run(
+      [self, watcher]() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(*self->work_serializer_) {
+        self->state_tracker_.RemoveWatcher(watcher);
+      },
+      DEBUG_LOCATION);
+}
+
+void ClientChannel::GetInfo(const grpc_channel_info* info) {
+  MutexLock lock(&info_mu_);
+  if (info->lb_policy_name != nullptr) {
+    *info->lb_policy_name = gpr_strdup(info_lb_policy_name_.c_str());
+  }
+  if (info->service_config_json != nullptr) {
+    *info->service_config_json = gpr_strdup(info_service_config_json_.c_str());
+  }
+}
+
+void ClientChannel::ResetConnectionBackoff() {
+  auto self = RefAsSubclass<ClientChannel>();
+  work_serializer_->Run(
+      [self]() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(*self->work_serializer_) {
+        if (self->lb_policy_ != nullptr) self->lb_policy_->ResetBackoffLocked();
+      },
+      DEBUG_LOCATION);
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// A class to handle CQ completion for a ping.
+class PingRequest {
+ public:
+  PingRequest(grpc_completion_queue* cq, void* tag) : cq_(cq), tag_(tag) {
+    grpc_cq_begin_op(cq, tag);
+  }
+
+  // Triggers CQ completion and eventually deletes the PingRequest object.
+  void Complete(grpc_error_handle error) {
+    grpc_cq_end_op(cq_, tag_, error, Destroy, this, &completion_storage_);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  static void Destroy(void* arg, grpc_cq_completion* /*storage*/) {
+    delete static_cast<PingRequest*>(arg);
+  }
+
+  grpc_completion_queue* cq_;
+  void* tag_;
+  grpc_cq_completion completion_storage_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void ClientChannel::Ping(grpc_completion_queue*, void*) {
+  // TODO(ctiller): implement
+  Crash("not implemented");
+}
+
+grpc_call* ClientChannel::CreateCall(
+    grpc_call* parent_call, uint32_t propagation_mask,
+    grpc_completion_queue* cq, grpc_pollset_set* /*pollset_set_alternative*/,
+    Slice path, absl::optional<Slice> authority, Timestamp deadline, bool) {
+  auto arena = call_arena_allocator()->MakeArena();
+  arena->SetContext<grpc_event_engine::experimental::EventEngine>(
+      event_engine());
+  return MakeClientCall(parent_call, propagation_mask, cq, std::move(path),
+                        std::move(authority), false, deadline,
+                        compression_options(), std::move(arena), Ref());
+}
+
+void ClientChannel::StartCall(UnstartedCallHandler unstarted_handler) {
+  // Increment call count.
+  if (idle_timeout_ != Duration::Zero()) idle_state_.IncreaseCallCount();
+  // Exit IDLE if needed.
+  CheckConnectivityState(/*try_to_connect=*/true);
+  // Spawn a promise to wait for the resolver result.
+  // This will eventually start the call.
+  unstarted_handler.SpawnGuardedUntilCallCompletes(
+      "wait-for-name-resolution",
+      [self = RefAsSubclass<ClientChannel>(), unstarted_handler]() mutable {
+        const bool wait_for_ready =
+            unstarted_handler.UnprocessedClientInitialMetadata()
+                .GetOrCreatePointer(WaitForReady())
+                ->value;
+        return Map(
+            // Wait for the resolver result.
+            CheckDelayed(self->resolver_data_for_calls_.NextWhen(
+                [wait_for_ready](
+                    const absl::StatusOr<ResolverDataForCalls> result) {
+                  bool got_result = false;
+                  // If the resolver reports an error but the call is
+                  // wait_for_ready, keep waiting for the next result
+                  // instead of failing the call.
+                  if (!result.ok()) {
+                    got_result = !wait_for_ready;
+                  } else {
+                    // Not an error.  Make sure we actually have a result.
+                    got_result = result->config_selector != nullptr;
+                  }
+                  return got_result;
+                })),
+            // Handle resolver result.
+            [self, unstarted_handler](
+                std::tuple<absl::StatusOr<ResolverDataForCalls>, bool>
+                    result_and_delayed) mutable {
+              auto& resolver_data = std::get<0>(result_and_delayed);
+              const bool was_queued = std::get<1>(result_and_delayed);
+              if (!resolver_data.ok()) return resolver_data.status();
+              // Apply service config to call.
+              absl::Status status = self->ApplyServiceConfigToCall(
+                  *resolver_data->config_selector,
+                  unstarted_handler.UnprocessedClientInitialMetadata());
+              if (!status.ok()) return status;
+              // If the call was queued, add trace annotation.
+              if (was_queued) {
+                auto* call_tracer =
+                    MaybeGetContext<CallTracerAnnotationInterface>();
+                if (call_tracer != nullptr) {
+                  call_tracer->RecordAnnotation(
+                      "Delayed name resolution complete.");
+                }
+              }
+              // Start the call on the destination provided by the
+              // resolver.
+              resolver_data->call_destination->StartCall(
+                  std::move(unstarted_handler));
+              return absl::OkStatus();
+            });
+      });
+}
+
+void ClientChannel::CreateResolverLocked() {
+  GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+      << "client_channel=" << this << ": starting name resolution for "
+      << uri_to_resolve_;
+  resolver_ = CoreConfiguration::Get().resolver_registry().CreateResolver(
+      uri_to_resolve_, channel_args_, nullptr, work_serializer_,
+      std::make_unique<ResolverResultHandler>(
+          WeakRefAsSubclass<ClientChannel>()));
+  // Since the validity of the args was checked when the channel was created,
+  // CreateResolver() must return a non-null result.
+  CHECK(resolver_ != nullptr);
+  UpdateStateLocked(GRPC_CHANNEL_CONNECTING, absl::Status(),
+                    "started resolving");
+  resolver_->StartLocked();
+  GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+      << "client_channel=" << this << ": created resolver=" << resolver_.get();
+}
+
+void ClientChannel::DestroyResolverAndLbPolicyLocked() {
+  if (resolver_ != nullptr) {
+    GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+        << "client_channel=" << this
+        << ": shutting down resolver=" << resolver_.get();
+    resolver_.reset();
+    saved_service_config_.reset();
+    saved_config_selector_.reset();
+    resolver_data_for_calls_.Set(ResolverDataForCalls{nullptr, nullptr});
+    // Clear LB policy if set.
+    if (lb_policy_ != nullptr) {
+      GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+          << "client_channel=" << this
+          << ": shutting down lb_policy=" << lb_policy_.get();
+      lb_policy_.reset();
+      picker_.Set(MakeRefCounted<LoadBalancingPolicy::DropPicker>(
+          absl::UnavailableError("Channel shutdown")));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void ClientChannel::TryToConnectLocked() {
+  if (disconnect_error_.ok()) {
+    if (lb_policy_ != nullptr) {
+      lb_policy_->ExitIdleLocked();
+    } else if (resolver_ == nullptr) {
+      CreateResolverLocked();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+RefCountedPtr<LoadBalancingPolicy::Config> ChooseLbPolicy(
+    const Resolver::Result& resolver_result,
+    const internal::ClientChannelGlobalParsedConfig* parsed_service_config) {
+  // Prefer the LB policy config found in the service config.
+  if (parsed_service_config->parsed_lb_config() != nullptr) {
+    return parsed_service_config->parsed_lb_config();
+  }
+  // Try the deprecated LB policy name from the service config.
+  // If not, try the setting from channel args.
+  absl::optional<absl::string_view> policy_name;
+  if (!parsed_service_config->parsed_deprecated_lb_policy().empty()) {
+    policy_name = parsed_service_config->parsed_deprecated_lb_policy();
+  } else {
+    policy_name = resolver_result.args.GetString(GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME);
+    bool requires_config = false;
+    if (policy_name.has_value() &&
+        (!CoreConfiguration::Get()
+              .lb_policy_registry()
+              .LoadBalancingPolicyExists(*policy_name, &requires_config) ||
+         requires_config)) {
+      if (requires_config) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "LB policy: " << *policy_name
+                   << " passed through channel_args must not "
+                      "require a config. Using pick_first instead.";
+      } else {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "LB policy: " << *policy_name
+                   << " passed through channel_args does not exist. "
+                      "Using pick_first instead.";
+      }
+      policy_name = "pick_first";
+    }
+  }
+  // Use pick_first if nothing was specified and we didn't select grpclb
+  // above.
+  if (!policy_name.has_value()) policy_name = "pick_first";
+  // Now that we have the policy name, construct an empty config for it.
+  Json config_json = Json::FromArray({Json::FromObject({
+      {std::string(*policy_name), Json::FromObject({})},
+  })});
+  auto lb_policy_config =
+      CoreConfiguration::Get().lb_policy_registry().ParseLoadBalancingConfig(
+          config_json);
+  // The policy name came from one of three places:
+  // - The deprecated loadBalancingPolicy field in the service config,
+  //   in which case the code in ClientChannelServiceConfigParser
+  //   already verified that the policy does not require a config.
+  // - One of the hard-coded values here, all of which are known to not
+  //   require a config.
+  // - A channel arg, in which case we check that the specified policy exists
+  //   and accepts an empty config. If not, we revert to using pick_first
+  //   lb_policy
+  CHECK_OK(lb_policy_config);
+  return std::move(*lb_policy_config);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void ClientChannel::OnResolverResultChangedLocked(Resolver::Result result) {
+  // Handle race conditions.
+  if (resolver_ == nullptr) return;
+  GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+      << "client_channel=" << this << ": got resolver result";
+  // Grab resolver result health callback.
+  auto resolver_callback = std::move(result.result_health_callback);
+  absl::Status resolver_result_status;
+  // We only want to trace the address resolution in the follow cases:
+  // (a) Address resolution resulted in service config change.
+  // (b) Address resolution that causes number of backends to go from
+  //     zero to non-zero.
+  // (c) Address resolution that causes number of backends to go from
+  //     non-zero to zero.
+  // (d) Address resolution that causes a new LB policy to be created.
+  //
+  // We track a list of strings to eventually be concatenated and traced.
+  std::vector<const char*> trace_strings;
+  const bool resolution_contains_addresses =
+      result.addresses.ok() && !result.addresses->empty();
+  if (!resolution_contains_addresses &&
+      previous_resolution_contained_addresses_) {
+    trace_strings.push_back("Address list became empty");
+  } else if (resolution_contains_addresses &&
+             !previous_resolution_contained_addresses_) {
+    trace_strings.push_back("Address list became non-empty");
+  }
+  previous_resolution_contained_addresses_ = resolution_contains_addresses;
+  std::string service_config_error_string_storage;
+  if (!result.service_config.ok()) {
+    service_config_error_string_storage =
+        result.service_config.status().ToString();
+    trace_strings.push_back(service_config_error_string_storage.c_str());
+  }
+  // Choose the service config.
+  RefCountedPtr<ServiceConfig> service_config;
+  RefCountedPtr<ConfigSelector> config_selector;
+  if (!result.service_config.ok()) {
+    GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+        << "client_channel=" << this
+        << ": resolver returned service config error: "
+        << result.service_config.status();
+    // If the service config was invalid, then fallback to the
+    // previously returned service config, if any.
+    if (saved_service_config_ != nullptr) {
+      GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+          << "client_channel=" << this
+          << ": resolver returned invalid service config; "
+             "continuing to use previous service config";
+      service_config = saved_service_config_;
+      config_selector = saved_config_selector_;
+    } else {
+      // We received a service config error and we don't have a
+      // previous service config to fall back to.  Put the channel into
+      // TRANSIENT_FAILURE.
+      OnResolverErrorLocked(result.service_config.status());
+      trace_strings.push_back("no valid service config");
+      resolver_result_status =
+          absl::UnavailableError("no valid service config");
+    }
+  } else if (*result.service_config == nullptr) {
+    // Resolver did not return any service config.
+    GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+        << "client_channel=" << this
+        << ": resolver returned no service config; using default service "
+           "config for channel";
+    service_config = default_service_config_;
+  } else {
+    // Use ServiceConfig and ConfigSelector returned by resolver.
+    service_config = std::move(*result.service_config);
+    config_selector = result.args.GetObjectRef<ConfigSelector>();
+  }
+  // Remove the config selector from channel args so that we're not holding
+  // unnecessary refs that cause it to be destroyed somewhere other than in
+  // the WorkSerializer.
+  result.args = result.args.Remove(GRPC_ARG_CONFIG_SELECTOR);
+  // Note: The only case in which service_config is null here is if the
+  // resolver returned a service config error and we don't have a previous
+  // service config to fall back to.
+  if (service_config != nullptr) {
+    // Extract global config for client channel.
+    const internal::ClientChannelGlobalParsedConfig* parsed_service_config =
+        static_cast<const internal::ClientChannelGlobalParsedConfig*>(
+            service_config->GetGlobalParsedConfig(
+                service_config_parser_index_));
+    // Choose LB policy config.
+    RefCountedPtr<LoadBalancingPolicy::Config> lb_policy_config =
+        ChooseLbPolicy(result, parsed_service_config);
+    // Check if the ServiceConfig has changed.
+    const bool service_config_changed =
+        saved_service_config_ == nullptr ||
+        service_config->json_string() != saved_service_config_->json_string();
+    // Check if the ConfigSelector has changed.
+    const bool config_selector_changed = !ConfigSelector::Equals(
+        saved_config_selector_.get(), config_selector.get());
+    // If either has changed, apply the global parameters now.
+    if (service_config_changed || config_selector_changed) {
+      // Update service config in control plane.
+      UpdateServiceConfigInControlPlaneLocked(
+          std::move(service_config), std::move(config_selector),
+          std::string(lb_policy_config->name()));
+      // TODO(ncteisen): might be worth somehow including a snippet of the
+      // config in the trace, at the risk of bloating the trace logs.
+      trace_strings.push_back("Service config changed");
+    } else {
+      GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+          << "client_channel=" << this << ": service config not changed";
+    }
+    // Create or update LB policy, as needed.
+    ChannelArgs new_args = result.args;
+    resolver_result_status = CreateOrUpdateLbPolicyLocked(
+        std::move(lb_policy_config),
+        parsed_service_config->health_check_service_name(), std::move(result));
+    // Start using new service config for calls.
+    // This needs to happen after the LB policy has been updated, since
+    // the ConfigSelector may need the LB policy to know about new
+    // destinations before it can send RPCs to those destinations.
+    if (service_config_changed || config_selector_changed) {
+      UpdateServiceConfigInDataPlaneLocked(new_args);
+    }
+  }
+  // Invoke resolver callback if needed.
+  if (resolver_callback != nullptr) {
+    resolver_callback(std::move(resolver_result_status));
+  }
+  // Add channel trace event.
+  if (!trace_strings.empty()) {
+    std::string message =
+        absl::StrCat("Resolution event: ", absl::StrJoin(trace_strings, ", "));
+    if (channelz_node_ != nullptr) {
+      channelz_node_->AddTraceEvent(channelz::ChannelTrace::Severity::Info,
+                                    grpc_slice_from_cpp_string(message));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void ClientChannel::OnResolverErrorLocked(absl::Status status) {
+  if (resolver_ == nullptr) return;
+  GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+      << "client_channel=" << this
+      << ": resolver transient failure: " << status;
+  // If we already have an LB policy from a previous resolution
+  // result, then we continue to let it set the connectivity state.
+  // Otherwise, we go into TRANSIENT_FAILURE.
+  if (lb_policy_ == nullptr) {
+    // Update connectivity state.
+    UpdateStateLocked(GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE, status,
+                      "resolver failure");
+    // Send updated resolver result.
+    resolver_data_for_calls_.Set(
+        MaybeRewriteIllegalStatusCode(status, "resolver"));
+  }
+}
+
+absl::Status ClientChannel::CreateOrUpdateLbPolicyLocked(
+    RefCountedPtr<LoadBalancingPolicy::Config> lb_policy_config,
+    const absl::optional<std::string>& health_check_service_name,
+    Resolver::Result result) {
+  // Construct update.
+  LoadBalancingPolicy::UpdateArgs update_args;
+  if (!result.addresses.ok()) {
+    update_args.addresses = result.addresses.status();
+  } else {
+    update_args.addresses = std::make_shared<EndpointAddressesListIterator>(
+        std::move(*result.addresses));
+  }
+  update_args.config = std::move(lb_policy_config);
+  update_args.resolution_note = std::move(result.resolution_note);
+  update_args.args = std::move(result.args);
+  // Add health check service name to channel args.
+  if (health_check_service_name.has_value()) {
+    update_args.args = update_args.args.Set(GRPC_ARG_HEALTH_CHECK_SERVICE_NAME,
+                                            *health_check_service_name);
+  }
+  // Create policy if needed.
+  if (lb_policy_ == nullptr) {
+    lb_policy_ = CreateLbPolicyLocked(update_args.args);
+  }
+  // Update the policy.
+  GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+      << "client_channel=" << this << ": Updating child policy "
+      << lb_policy_.get();
+  return lb_policy_->UpdateLocked(std::move(update_args));
+}
+
+// Creates a new LB policy.
+OrphanablePtr<LoadBalancingPolicy> ClientChannel::CreateLbPolicyLocked(
+    const ChannelArgs& args) {
+  // The LB policy will start in state CONNECTING but will not
+  // necessarily send us an update synchronously, so set state to
+  // CONNECTING (in case the resolver had previously failed and put the
+  // channel into TRANSIENT_FAILURE) and make sure we have a queueing picker.
+  UpdateStateAndPickerLocked(
+      GRPC_CHANNEL_CONNECTING, absl::Status(), "started resolving",
+      MakeRefCounted<LoadBalancingPolicy::QueuePicker>(nullptr));
+  // Now create the LB policy.
+  LoadBalancingPolicy::Args lb_policy_args;
+  lb_policy_args.work_serializer = work_serializer_;
+  lb_policy_args.channel_control_helper =
+      std::make_unique<ClientChannelControlHelper>(
+          WeakRefAsSubclass<ClientChannel>());
+  lb_policy_args.args = args;
+  OrphanablePtr<LoadBalancingPolicy> lb_policy =
+      MakeOrphanable<ChildPolicyHandler>(std::move(lb_policy_args),
+                                         &client_channel_trace);
+  GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+      << "client_channel=" << this << ": created new LB policy "
+      << lb_policy.get();
+  return lb_policy;
+}
+
+void ClientChannel::UpdateServiceConfigInControlPlaneLocked(
+    RefCountedPtr<ServiceConfig> service_config,
+    RefCountedPtr<ConfigSelector> config_selector, std::string lb_policy_name) {
+  std::string service_config_json(service_config->json_string());
+  // Update service config.
+  GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+      << "client_channel=" << this << ": using service config: \""
+      << service_config_json << "\"";
+  saved_service_config_ = std::move(service_config);
+  // Update config selector.
+  GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+      << "client_channel=" << this << ": using ConfigSelector "
+      << config_selector.get();
+  saved_config_selector_ = std::move(config_selector);
+  // Update the data used by GetChannelInfo().
+  {
+    MutexLock lock(&info_mu_);
+    info_lb_policy_name_ = std::move(lb_policy_name);
+    info_service_config_json_ = std::move(service_config_json);
+  }
+}
+
+void ClientChannel::UpdateServiceConfigInDataPlaneLocked(
+    const ChannelArgs& args) {
+  GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+      << "client_channel=" << this << ": switching to ConfigSelector "
+      << saved_config_selector_.get();
+  // Use default config selector if resolver didn't supply one.
+  RefCountedPtr<ConfigSelector> config_selector = saved_config_selector_;
+  if (config_selector == nullptr) {
+    config_selector =
+        MakeRefCounted<DefaultConfigSelector>(saved_service_config_);
+  }
+  // Modify channel args.
+  ChannelArgs new_args = args.SetObject(this).SetObject(saved_service_config_);
+  // Construct filter stack.
+  auto new_blackboard = MakeRefCounted<Blackboard>();
+  InterceptionChainBuilder builder(new_args, blackboard_.get(),
+                                   new_blackboard.get());
+  if (idle_timeout_ != Duration::Zero()) {
+    builder.AddOnServerTrailingMetadata([this](ServerMetadata&) {
+      if (idle_state_.DecreaseCallCount()) StartIdleTimer();
+    });
+  }
+  CoreConfiguration::Get().channel_init().AddToInterceptionChainBuilder(
+      GRPC_CLIENT_CHANNEL, builder);
+  // Add filters returned by the config selector (e.g., xDS HTTP filters).
+  config_selector->AddFilters(builder);
+  const bool enable_retries =
+      !channel_args_.WantMinimalStack() &&
+      channel_args_.GetBool(GRPC_ARG_ENABLE_RETRIES).value_or(true);
+  if (enable_retries) {
+    builder.Add<RetryInterceptor>();
+  }
+  // Create call destination.
+  auto top_of_stack_call_destination = builder.Build(call_destination_);
+  blackboard_ = std::move(new_blackboard);
+  // Send result to data plane.
+  if (!top_of_stack_call_destination.ok()) {
+    resolver_data_for_calls_.Set(MaybeRewriteIllegalStatusCode(
+        top_of_stack_call_destination.status(), "channel construction"));
+  } else {
+    resolver_data_for_calls_.Set(ResolverDataForCalls{
+        std::move(config_selector), std::move(*top_of_stack_call_destination)});
+  }
+}
+
+void ClientChannel::UpdateStateLocked(grpc_connectivity_state state,
+                                      const absl::Status& status,
+                                      const char* reason) {
+  if (state != GRPC_CHANNEL_SHUTDOWN &&
+      state_tracker_.state() == GRPC_CHANNEL_SHUTDOWN) {
+    Crash("Illegal transition SHUTDOWN -> anything");
+  }
+  state_tracker_.SetState(state, status, reason);
+  if (channelz_node_ != nullptr) {
+    channelz_node_->SetConnectivityState(state);
+    channelz_node_->AddTraceEvent(
+        channelz::ChannelTrace::Severity::Info,
+        grpc_slice_from_static_string(
+            channelz::ChannelNode::GetChannelConnectivityStateChangeString(
+                state)));
+  }
+}
+
+void ClientChannel::UpdateStateAndPickerLocked(
+    grpc_connectivity_state state, const absl::Status& status,
+    const char* reason,
+    RefCountedPtr<LoadBalancingPolicy::SubchannelPicker> picker) {
+  UpdateStateLocked(state, status, reason);
+  picker_.Set(std::move(picker));
+}
+
+void ClientChannel::StartIdleTimer() {
+  GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel, INFO)
+      << "client_channel=" << this << ": idle timer started";
+  auto self = WeakRefAsSubclass<ClientChannel>();
+  auto promise = Loop([self]() {
+    return TrySeq(Sleep(Timestamp::Now() + self->idle_timeout_),
+                  [self]() -> Poll<LoopCtl<absl::Status>> {
+                    if (self->idle_state_.CheckTimer()) {
+                      return Continue{};
+                    } else {
+                      return absl::OkStatus();
+                    }
+                  });
+  });
+  auto arena = SimpleArenaAllocator(0)->MakeArena();
+  arena->SetContext<grpc_event_engine::experimental::EventEngine>(
+      event_engine());
+  idle_activity_.Set(MakeActivity(
+      std::move(promise), ExecCtxWakeupScheduler{},
+      [self = std::move(self)](absl::Status status) mutable {
+        if (status.ok()) {
+          self->work_serializer_->Run(
+              [self]() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(*self->work_serializer_) {
+                self->DestroyResolverAndLbPolicyLocked();
+                self->UpdateStateAndPickerLocked(
+                    GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE, absl::OkStatus(),
+                    "channel entering IDLE", nullptr);
+                // TODO(roth): In case there's a race condition, we
+                // might need to check for any calls that are
+                // queued waiting for a resolver result or an LB
+                // pick.
+              },
+              DEBUG_LOCATION);
+        }
+      },
+      std::move(arena)));
+}
+
+absl::Status ClientChannel::ApplyServiceConfigToCall(
+    ConfigSelector& config_selector,
+    ClientMetadata& client_initial_metadata) const {
+  GRPC_TRACE_LOG(client_channel_call, INFO)
+      << "client_channel=" << this << ": " << GetContext<Activity>()->DebugTag()
+      << " service config to call";
+  // Create a ClientChannelServiceConfigCallData for the call.  This stores
+  // a ref to the ServiceConfig and caches the right set of parsed configs
+  // to use for the call.  The ClientChannelServiceConfigCallData will store
+  // itself in the call context, so that it can be accessed by filters
+  // below us in the stack, and it will be cleaned up when the call ends.
+  auto* service_config_call_data =
+      GetContext<Arena>()->New<ClientChannelServiceConfigCallData>(
+          GetContext<Arena>());
+  // Use the ConfigSelector to determine the config for the call.
+  absl::Status call_config_status = config_selector.GetCallConfig(
+      {&client_initial_metadata, GetContext<Arena>(),
+       service_config_call_data});
+  if (!call_config_status.ok()) {
+    return MaybeRewriteIllegalStatusCode(call_config_status, "ConfigSelector");
+  }
+  // Apply our own method params to the call.
+  auto* method_params = DownCast<ClientChannelMethodParsedConfig*>(
+      service_config_call_data->GetMethodParsedConfig(
+          service_config_parser_index_));
+  if (method_params != nullptr) {
+    // If the service config specifies a deadline, update the call's
+    // deadline timer.
+    if (method_params->timeout() != Duration::Zero()) {
+      Call* call = GetContext<Call>();
+      const Timestamp per_method_deadline =
+          Timestamp::FromCycleCounterRoundUp(call->start_time()) +
+          method_params->timeout();
+      call->UpdateDeadline(per_method_deadline);
+    }
+    // If the service config set wait_for_ready and the application
+    // did not explicitly set it, use the value from the service config.
+    auto* wait_for_ready =
+        client_initial_metadata.GetOrCreatePointer(WaitForReady());
+    if (method_params->wait_for_ready().has_value() &&
+        !wait_for_ready->explicitly_set) {
+      wait_for_ready->value = method_params->wait_for_ready().value();
+    }
+  }
+  return absl::OkStatus();
+}
+
+}  // namespace grpc_core