grpc 1.50.0.pre1 → 1.51.0

data/src/core/lib/event_engine/posix_engine/posix_endpoint.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,1270 @@
+// Copyright 2022 gRPC Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+#include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
+
+#include "src/core/lib/event_engine/posix_engine/posix_endpoint.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "absl/functional/any_invocable.h"
+#include "absl/status/status.h"
+#include "absl/status/statusor.h"
+#include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
+#include "absl/types/optional.h"
+
+#include <grpc/event_engine/memory_request.h>
+#include <grpc/event_engine/slice.h>
+#include <grpc/event_engine/slice_buffer.h>
+#include <grpc/support/log.h>
+
+#include "src/core/lib/event_engine/posix_engine/event_poller.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/event_engine/posix_engine/internal_errqueue.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/event_engine/posix_engine/tcp_socket_utils.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/experiments/experiments.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gpr/useful.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/load_file.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/ref_counted_ptr.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/strerror.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/time.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/resource_quota/resource_quota.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/slice/slice.h"
+
+#ifdef GRPC_POSIX_SOCKET_TCP
+#ifdef GRPC_LINUX_ERRQUEUE
+#include <dirent.h>            // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include <linux/capability.h>  // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include <linux/errqueue.h>    // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include <linux/netlink.h>     // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include <sys/prctl.h>         // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include <sys/resource.h>      // IWYU pragma: keep
+#endif
+#include <netinet/in.h>  // IWYU pragma: keep
+
+#ifndef SOL_TCP
+#define SOL_TCP IPPROTO_TCP
+#endif
+
+#ifndef TCP_INQ
+#define TCP_INQ 36
+#define TCP_CM_INQ TCP_INQ
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GRPC_HAVE_MSG_NOSIGNAL
+#define SENDMSG_FLAGS MSG_NOSIGNAL
+#else
+#define SENDMSG_FLAGS 0
+#endif
+
+// TCP zero copy sendmsg flag.
+// NB: We define this here as a fallback in case we're using an older set of
+// library headers that has not defined MSG_ZEROCOPY. Since this constant is
+// part of the kernel, we are guaranteed it will never change/disagree so
+// defining it here is safe.
+#ifndef MSG_ZEROCOPY
+#define MSG_ZEROCOPY 0x4000000
+#endif
+
+#define MAX_READ_IOVEC 64
+
+namespace grpc_event_engine {
+namespace posix_engine {
+
+namespace {
+
+using ::grpc_event_engine::experimental::EventEngine;
+using ::grpc_event_engine::experimental::MemoryAllocator;
+using ::grpc_event_engine::experimental::Slice;
+using ::grpc_event_engine::experimental::SliceBuffer;
+
+// A wrapper around sendmsg. It sends \a msg over \a fd and returns the number
+// of bytes sent.
+ssize_t TcpSend(int fd, const struct msghdr* msg, int* saved_errno,
+                int additional_flags = 0) {
+  ssize_t sent_length;
+  do {
+    sent_length = sendmsg(fd, msg, SENDMSG_FLAGS | additional_flags);
+  } while (sent_length < 0 && (*saved_errno = errno) == EINTR);
+  return sent_length;
+}
+
+#ifdef GRPC_LINUX_ERRQUEUE
+
+#define CAP_IS_SUPPORTED(cap) (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, (cap), 0) > 0)
+
+// Remove spaces and newline characters from the end of a string.
+void rtrim(std::string& s) {
+  s.erase(std::find_if(s.rbegin(), s.rend(),
+                       [](unsigned char ch) { return !std::isspace(ch); })
+              .base(),
+          s.end());
+}
+
+uint64_t ParseUlimitMemLockFromFile(std::string file_name) {
+  static std::string kHardMemlockPrefix = "* hard memlock";
+  auto result = grpc_core::LoadFile(file_name, false);
+  if (!result.ok()) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  std::string file_contents(reinterpret_cast<const char*>((*result).begin()),
+                            (*result).length());
+  // Find start position containing prefix.
+  size_t start = file_contents.find(kHardMemlockPrefix);
+  if (start == std::string::npos) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  // Find position of next newline after prefix.
+  size_t end = file_contents.find(start, '\n');
+  // Extract substring between prefix and next newline.
+  auto memlock_value_string = file_contents.substr(
+      start + kHardMemlockPrefix.length() + 1, end - start);
+  rtrim(memlock_value_string);
+  if (memlock_value_string == "unlimited" ||
+      memlock_value_string == "infinity") {
+    return UINT64_MAX;
+  } else {
+    return std::atoi(memlock_value_string.c_str());
+  }
+}
+
+// Ulimit hard memlock controls per socket limit for maximum locked memory in
+// RAM. Parses all files under  /etc/security/limits.d/ and
+// /etc/security/limits.conf file for a line of the following format:
+// * hard memlock <value>
+// It extracts the first valid <value> and returns it. A value of UINT64_MAX
+// represents unlimited or infinity. Hard memlock value should be set to
+// allow zerocopy sendmsgs to succeed. It controls the maximum amount of
+// memory that can be locked by a socket in RAM.
+uint64_t GetUlimitHardMemLock() {
+  static const uint64_t kUlimitHardMemLock = []() -> uint64_t {
+    if (CAP_IS_SUPPORTED(CAP_SYS_RESOURCE)) {
+      // hard memlock ulimit is ignored for privileged user.
+      return UINT64_MAX;
+    }
+    if (auto dir = opendir("/etc/security/limits.d")) {
+      while (auto f = readdir(dir)) {
+        if (f->d_name[0] == '.') {
+          continue;  // Skip everything that starts with a dot
+        }
+        uint64_t hard_memlock = ParseUlimitMemLockFromFile(
+            absl::StrCat("/etc/security/limits.d/", std::string(f->d_name)));
+        if (hard_memlock != 0) {
+          return hard_memlock;
+        }
+      }
+      closedir(dir);
+    }
+    return ParseUlimitMemLockFromFile("/etc/security/limits.conf");
+  }();
+  return kUlimitHardMemLock;
+}
+
+// RLIMIT_MEMLOCK controls per process limit for maximum locked memory in RAM.
+uint64_t GetRLimitMemLockMax() {
+  static const uint64_t kRlimitMemLock = []() -> uint64_t {
+    if (CAP_IS_SUPPORTED(CAP_SYS_RESOURCE)) {
+      // RLIMIT_MEMLOCK is ignored for privileged user.
+      return UINT64_MAX;
+    }
+    struct rlimit limit;
+    if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, &limit) != 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    return static_cast<uint64_t>(limit.rlim_max);
+  }();
+  return kRlimitMemLock;
+}
+
+// Whether the cmsg received from error queue is of the IPv4 or IPv6 levels.
+bool CmsgIsIpLevel(const cmsghdr& cmsg) {
+  return (cmsg.cmsg_level == SOL_IPV6 && cmsg.cmsg_type == IPV6_RECVERR) ||
+         (cmsg.cmsg_level == SOL_IP && cmsg.cmsg_type == IP_RECVERR);
+}
+
+bool CmsgIsZeroCopy(const cmsghdr& cmsg) {
+  if (!CmsgIsIpLevel(cmsg)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  auto serr = reinterpret_cast<const sock_extended_err*> CMSG_DATA(&cmsg);
+  return serr->ee_errno == 0 && serr->ee_origin == SO_EE_ORIGIN_ZEROCOPY;
+}
+#endif  // GRPC_LINUX_ERRQUEUE
+
+}  // namespace
+
+#if defined(IOV_MAX) && IOV_MAX < 260
+#define MAX_WRITE_IOVEC IOV_MAX
+#else
+#define MAX_WRITE_IOVEC 260
+#endif
+msg_iovlen_type TcpZerocopySendRecord::PopulateIovs(size_t* unwind_slice_idx,
+                                                    size_t* unwind_byte_idx,
+                                                    size_t* sending_length,
+                                                    iovec* iov) {
+  msg_iovlen_type iov_size;
+  *unwind_slice_idx = out_offset_.slice_idx;
+  *unwind_byte_idx = out_offset_.byte_idx;
+  for (iov_size = 0;
+       out_offset_.slice_idx != buf_.Count() && iov_size != MAX_WRITE_IOVEC;
+       iov_size++) {
+    auto slice = buf_.RefSlice(out_offset_.slice_idx);
+    iov[iov_size].iov_base =
+        const_cast<uint8_t*>(slice.begin()) + out_offset_.byte_idx;
+    iov[iov_size].iov_len = slice.length() - out_offset_.byte_idx;
+    *sending_length += iov[iov_size].iov_len;
+    ++(out_offset_.slice_idx);
+    out_offset_.byte_idx = 0;
+  }
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(iov_size > 0);
+  return iov_size;
+}
+
+void TcpZerocopySendRecord::UpdateOffsetForBytesSent(size_t sending_length,
+                                                     size_t actually_sent) {
+  size_t trailing = sending_length - actually_sent;
+  while (trailing > 0) {
+    size_t slice_length;
+    out_offset_.slice_idx--;
+    slice_length = buf_.RefSlice(out_offset_.slice_idx).length();
+    if (slice_length > trailing) {
+      out_offset_.byte_idx = slice_length - trailing;
+      break;
+    } else {
+      trailing -= slice_length;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void PosixEndpointImpl::AddToEstimate(size_t bytes) {
+  bytes_read_this_round_ += static_cast<double>(bytes);
+}
+
+void PosixEndpointImpl::FinishEstimate() {
+  // If we read >80% of the target buffer in one read loop, increase the size of
+  // the target buffer to either the amount read, or twice its previous value.
+  if (bytes_read_this_round_ > target_length_ * 0.8) {
+    target_length_ = std::max(2 * target_length_, bytes_read_this_round_);
+  } else {
+    target_length_ = 0.99 * target_length_ + 0.01 * bytes_read_this_round_;
+  }
+  bytes_read_this_round_ = 0;
+}
+
+// Returns true if data available to read or error other than EAGAIN.
+bool PosixEndpointImpl::TcpDoRead(absl::Status& status) {
+  struct msghdr msg;
+  struct iovec iov[MAX_READ_IOVEC];
+  ssize_t read_bytes;
+  size_t total_read_bytes = 0;
+  size_t iov_len = std::min<size_t>(MAX_READ_IOVEC, incoming_buffer_->Count());
+#ifdef GRPC_LINUX_ERRQUEUE
+  constexpr size_t cmsg_alloc_space =
+      CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(scm_timestamping)) + CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
+#else
+  constexpr size_t cmsg_alloc_space = 24;  // CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))
+#endif  // GRPC_LINUX_ERRQUEUE
+  char cmsgbuf[cmsg_alloc_space];
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < iov_len; i++) {
+    Slice slice = incoming_buffer_->RefSlice(i);
+    iov[i].iov_base = const_cast<uint8_t*>(slice.begin());
+    iov[i].iov_len = slice.length();
+  }
+
+  GPR_ASSERT(incoming_buffer_->Length() != 0);
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(min_progress_size_ > 0);
+
+  do {
+    // Assume there is something on the queue. If we receive TCP_INQ from
+    // kernel, we will update this value, otherwise, we have to assume there is
+    // always something to read until we get EAGAIN.
+    inq_ = 1;
+
+    msg.msg_name = nullptr;
+    msg.msg_namelen = 0;
+    msg.msg_iov = iov;
+    msg.msg_iovlen = static_cast<msg_iovlen_type>(iov_len);
+    if (inq_capable_) {
+      msg.msg_control = cmsgbuf;
+      msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(cmsgbuf);
+    } else {
+      msg.msg_control = nullptr;
+      msg.msg_controllen = 0;
+    }
+    msg.msg_flags = 0;
+
+    do {
+      read_bytes = recvmsg(fd_, &msg, 0);
+    } while (read_bytes < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+
+    if (read_bytes < 0 && errno == EAGAIN) {
+      // NB: After calling call_read_cb a parallel call of the read handler may
+      // be running.
+      if (total_read_bytes > 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+      FinishEstimate();
+      inq_ = 0;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // We have read something in previous reads. We need to deliver those bytes
+    // to the upper layer.
+    if (read_bytes <= 0 && total_read_bytes >= 1) {
+      inq_ = 1;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    if (read_bytes <= 0) {
+      // 0 read size ==> end of stream
+      incoming_buffer_->Clear();
+      if (read_bytes == 0) {
+        status = absl::InternalError("Socket closed");
+      } else {
+        status = absl::InternalError(
+            absl::StrCat("recvmsg:", grpc_core::StrError(errno)));
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    AddToEstimate(static_cast<size_t>(read_bytes));
+    GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT((size_t)read_bytes <=
+                     incoming_buffer_->Length() - total_read_bytes);
+
+#ifdef GRPC_HAVE_TCP_INQ
+    if (inq_capable_) {
+      GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(!(msg.msg_flags & MSG_CTRUNC));
+      struct cmsghdr* cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
+      for (; cmsg != nullptr; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmsg)) {
+        if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_TCP && cmsg->cmsg_type == TCP_CM_INQ &&
+            cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int))) {
+          inq_ = *reinterpret_cast<int*>(CMSG_DATA(cmsg));
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+#endif  // GRPC_HAVE_TCP_INQ
+
+    total_read_bytes += read_bytes;
+    if (inq_ == 0 || total_read_bytes == incoming_buffer_->Length()) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // We had a partial read, and still have space to read more data. So, adjust
+    // IOVs and try to read more.
+    size_t remaining = read_bytes;
+    size_t j = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < iov_len; i++) {
+      if (remaining >= iov[i].iov_len) {
+        remaining -= iov[i].iov_len;
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (remaining > 0) {
+        iov[j].iov_base = static_cast<char*>(iov[i].iov_base) + remaining;
+        iov[j].iov_len = iov[i].iov_len - remaining;
+        remaining = 0;
+      } else {
+        iov[j].iov_base = iov[i].iov_base;
+        iov[j].iov_len = iov[i].iov_len;
+      }
+      ++j;
+    }
+    iov_len = j;
+  } while (true);
+
+  if (inq_ == 0) {
+    FinishEstimate();
+  }
+
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(total_read_bytes > 0);
+  status = absl::OkStatus();
+  if (grpc_core::IsTcpFrameSizeTuningEnabled()) {
+    // Update min progress size based on the total number of bytes read in
+    // this round.
+    min_progress_size_ -= total_read_bytes;
+    if (min_progress_size_ > 0) {
+      // There is still some bytes left to be read before we can signal
+      // the read as complete. Append the bytes read so far into
+      // last_read_buffer which serves as a staging buffer. Return false
+      // to indicate tcp_handle_read needs to be scheduled again.
+      incoming_buffer_->MoveFirstNBytesIntoSliceBuffer(total_read_bytes,
+                                                       last_read_buffer_);
+      return false;
+    } else {
+      // The required number of bytes have been read. Append the bytes
+      // read in this round into last_read_buffer. Then swap last_read_buffer
+      // and incoming_buffer. Now incoming buffer contains all the bytes
+      // read since the start of the last tcp_read operation. last_read_buffer
+      // would contain any spare space left in the incoming buffer. This
+      // space will be used in the next tcp_read operation.
+      min_progress_size_ = 1;
+      incoming_buffer_->MoveFirstNBytesIntoSliceBuffer(total_read_bytes,
+                                                       last_read_buffer_);
+      incoming_buffer_->Swap(last_read_buffer_);
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  if (total_read_bytes < incoming_buffer_->Length()) {
+    incoming_buffer_->MoveLastNBytesIntoSliceBuffer(
+        incoming_buffer_->Length() - total_read_bytes, last_read_buffer_);
+    // last_read_buffer_.Clear();
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void PosixEndpointImpl::PerformReclamation() {
+  read_mu_.Lock();
+  if (incoming_buffer_ != nullptr) {
+    incoming_buffer_->Clear();
+  }
+  has_posted_reclaimer_ = false;
+  read_mu_.Unlock();
+}
+
+void PosixEndpointImpl::MaybePostReclaimer() {
+  if (!has_posted_reclaimer_) {
+    has_posted_reclaimer_ = true;
+    memory_owner_.PostReclaimer(
+        grpc_core::ReclamationPass::kBenign,
+        [this](absl::optional<grpc_core::ReclamationSweep> sweep) {
+          if (!sweep.has_value()) return;
+          PerformReclamation();
+        });
+  }
+}
+
+void PosixEndpointImpl::UpdateRcvLowat() {
+  if (!grpc_core::IsTcpRcvLowatEnabled()) return;
+
+  // TODO(ctiller): Check if supported by OS.
+  // TODO(ctiller): Allow some adjustments instead of hardcoding things.
+
+  static constexpr int kRcvLowatMax = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
+  static constexpr int kRcvLowatThreshold = 16 * 1024;
+
+  int remaining = std::min({static_cast<int>(incoming_buffer_->Length()),
+                            kRcvLowatMax, min_progress_size_});
+
+  // Setting SO_RCVLOWAT for small quantities does not save on CPU.
+  if (remaining < kRcvLowatThreshold) {
+    remaining = 0;
+  }
+
+  // If zerocopy is off, wake shortly before the full RPC is here. More can
+  // show up partway through recvmsg() since it takes a while to copy data.
+  // So an early wakeup aids latency.
+  if (!tcp_zerocopy_send_ctx_->Enabled() && remaining > 0) {
+    remaining -= kRcvLowatThreshold;
+  }
+
+  // We still do not know the RPC size. Do not set SO_RCVLOWAT.
+  if (set_rcvlowat_ <= 1 && remaining <= 1) return;
+
+  // Previous value is still valid. No change needed in SO_RCVLOWAT.
+  if (set_rcvlowat_ == remaining) {
+    return;
+  }
+  auto result = sock_.SetSocketRcvLowat(remaining);
+  if (result.ok()) {
+    set_rcvlowat_ = *result;
+  } else {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "%s",
+            absl::StrCat("ERROR in SO_RCVLOWAT: ", result.status().message())
+                .c_str());
+  }
+}
+
+void PosixEndpointImpl::MaybeMakeReadSlices() {
+  if (grpc_core::IsTcpReadChunksEnabled()) {
+    static const int kBigAlloc = 64 * 1024;
+    static const int kSmallAlloc = 8 * 1024;
+    if (incoming_buffer_->Length() < static_cast<size_t>(min_progress_size_)) {
+      size_t allocate_length = min_progress_size_;
+      const size_t target_length = static_cast<size_t>(target_length_);
+      // If memory pressure is low and we think there will be more than
+      // min_progress_size bytes to read, allocate a bit more.
+      const bool low_memory_pressure =
+          memory_owner_.GetPressureInfo().pressure_control_value < 0.8;
+      if (low_memory_pressure && target_length > allocate_length) {
+        allocate_length = target_length;
+      }
+      int extra_wanted =
+          allocate_length - static_cast<int>(incoming_buffer_->Length());
+      if (extra_wanted >=
+          (low_memory_pressure ? kSmallAlloc * 3 / 2 : kBigAlloc)) {
+        while (extra_wanted > 0) {
+          extra_wanted -= kBigAlloc;
+          incoming_buffer_->AppendIndexed(
+              Slice(memory_owner_.MakeSlice(kBigAlloc)));
+        }
+      } else {
+        while (extra_wanted > 0) {
+          extra_wanted -= kSmallAlloc;
+          incoming_buffer_->AppendIndexed(
+              Slice(memory_owner_.MakeSlice(kSmallAlloc)));
+        }
+      }
+      MaybePostReclaimer();
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (incoming_buffer_->Length() < static_cast<size_t>(min_progress_size_) &&
+        incoming_buffer_->Count() < MAX_READ_IOVEC) {
+      int target_length =
+          std::max(static_cast<int>(target_length_), min_progress_size_);
+      int extra_wanted =
+          target_length - static_cast<int>(incoming_buffer_->Length());
+      int min_read_chunk_size =
+          std::max(min_read_chunk_size_, min_progress_size_);
+      int max_read_chunk_size =
+          std::max(max_read_chunk_size_, min_progress_size_);
+      incoming_buffer_->AppendIndexed(
+          Slice(memory_owner_.MakeSlice(grpc_core::MemoryRequest(
+              min_read_chunk_size,
+              grpc_core::Clamp(extra_wanted, min_read_chunk_size,
+                               max_read_chunk_size)))));
+      MaybePostReclaimer();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void PosixEndpointImpl::HandleRead(absl::Status status) {
+  read_mu_.Lock();
+  if (status.ok()) {
+    MaybeMakeReadSlices();
+    if (!TcpDoRead(status)) {
+      // We've consumed the edge, request a new one.
+      read_mu_.Unlock();
+      handle_->NotifyOnRead(on_read_);
+      return;
+    }
+  } else {
+    incoming_buffer_->Clear();
+    last_read_buffer_.Clear();
+  }
+  absl::AnyInvocable<void(absl::Status)> cb = std::move(read_cb_);
+  read_cb_ = nullptr;
+  incoming_buffer_ = nullptr;
+  read_mu_.Unlock();
+  cb(status);
+  Unref();
+}
+
+void PosixEndpointImpl::Read(absl::AnyInvocable<void(absl::Status)> on_read,
+                             SliceBuffer* buffer,
+                             const EventEngine::Endpoint::ReadArgs* args) {
+  read_mu_.Lock();
+  GPR_ASSERT(read_cb_ == nullptr);
+  read_cb_ = std::move(on_read);
+  incoming_buffer_ = buffer;
+  incoming_buffer_->Clear();
+  incoming_buffer_->Swap(last_read_buffer_);
+  read_mu_.Unlock();
+  if (args != nullptr && grpc_core::IsTcpFrameSizeTuningEnabled()) {
+    min_progress_size_ = args->read_hint_bytes;
+  } else {
+    min_progress_size_ = 1;
+  }
+  Ref().release();
+  if (is_first_read_) {
+    // Endpoint read called for the very first time. Register read callback
+    // with the polling engine.
+    is_first_read_ = false;
+    handle_->NotifyOnRead(on_read_);
+  } else if (inq_ == 0) {
+    // Upper layer asked to read more but we know there is no pending data to
+    // read from previous reads. So, wait for POLLIN.
+    handle_->NotifyOnRead(on_read_);
+  } else {
+    on_read_->SetStatus(absl::OkStatus());
+    engine_->Run(on_read_);
+  }
+}
+
+#ifdef GRPC_LINUX_ERRQUEUE
+TcpZerocopySendRecord* PosixEndpointImpl::TcpGetSendZerocopyRecord(
+    SliceBuffer& buf) {
+  TcpZerocopySendRecord* zerocopy_send_record = nullptr;
+  const bool use_zerocopy =
+      tcp_zerocopy_send_ctx_->Enabled() &&
+      tcp_zerocopy_send_ctx_->ThresholdBytes() < buf.Length();
+  if (use_zerocopy) {
+    zerocopy_send_record = tcp_zerocopy_send_ctx_->GetSendRecord();
+    if (zerocopy_send_record == nullptr) {
+      ProcessErrors();
+      zerocopy_send_record = tcp_zerocopy_send_ctx_->GetSendRecord();
+    }
+    if (zerocopy_send_record != nullptr) {
+      zerocopy_send_record->PrepareForSends(buf);
+      GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(buf.Count() == 0);
+      GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(buf.Length() == 0);
+      outgoing_byte_idx_ = 0;
+      outgoing_buffer_ = nullptr;
+    }
+  }
+  return zerocopy_send_record;
+}
+
+// For linux platforms, reads the socket's error queue and processes error
+// messages from the queue.
+bool PosixEndpointImpl::ProcessErrors() {
+  bool processed_err = false;
+  struct iovec iov;
+  iov.iov_base = nullptr;
+  iov.iov_len = 0;
+  struct msghdr msg;
+  msg.msg_name = nullptr;
+  msg.msg_namelen = 0;
+  msg.msg_iov = &iov;
+  msg.msg_iovlen = 0;
+  msg.msg_flags = 0;
+  // Allocate enough space so we don't need to keep increasing this as size of
+  // OPT_STATS increase.
+  constexpr size_t cmsg_alloc_space =
+      CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(scm_timestamping)) +
+      CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(sock_extended_err) + sizeof(sockaddr_in)) +
+      CMSG_SPACE(32 * NLA_ALIGN(NLA_HDRLEN + sizeof(uint64_t)));
+  // Allocate aligned space for cmsgs received along with timestamps.
+  union {
+    char rbuf[cmsg_alloc_space];
+    struct cmsghdr align;
+  } aligned_buf;
+  msg.msg_control = aligned_buf.rbuf;
+  int r, saved_errno;
+  while (true) {
+    msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(aligned_buf.rbuf);
+    do {
+      r = recvmsg(fd_, &msg, MSG_ERRQUEUE);
+      saved_errno = errno;
+    } while (r < 0 && saved_errno == EINTR);
+
+    if (r < 0 && saved_errno == EAGAIN) {
+      return processed_err;  // No more errors to process
+    } else if (r < 0) {
+      return processed_err;
+    }
+    if (GPR_UNLIKELY((msg.msg_flags & MSG_CTRUNC) != 0)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Error message was truncated.");
+    }
+
+    if (msg.msg_controllen == 0) {
+      // There was no control message found. It was probably spurious.
+      return processed_err;
+    }
+    bool seen = false;
+    for (auto cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg); cmsg && cmsg->cmsg_len;
+         cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmsg)) {
+      if (CmsgIsZeroCopy(*cmsg)) {
+        ProcessZerocopy(cmsg);
+        seen = true;
+        processed_err = true;
+      } else if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
+                 cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMPING) {
+        cmsg = ProcessTimestamp(&msg, cmsg);
+        seen = true;
+        processed_err = true;
+      } else {
+        // Got a control message that is not a timestamp or zerocopy. Don't know
+        // how to handle this.
+        return processed_err;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!seen) {
+      return processed_err;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void PosixEndpointImpl::ZerocopyDisableAndWaitForRemaining() {
+  tcp_zerocopy_send_ctx_->Shutdown();
+  while (!tcp_zerocopy_send_ctx_->AllSendRecordsEmpty()) {
+    ProcessErrors();
+  }
+}
+
+// Reads \a cmsg to process zerocopy control messages.
+void PosixEndpointImpl::ProcessZerocopy(struct cmsghdr* cmsg) {
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(cmsg);
+  auto serr = reinterpret_cast<struct sock_extended_err*>(CMSG_DATA(cmsg));
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(serr->ee_errno == 0);
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(serr->ee_origin == SO_EE_ORIGIN_ZEROCOPY);
+  const uint32_t lo = serr->ee_info;
+  const uint32_t hi = serr->ee_data;
+  for (uint32_t seq = lo; seq <= hi; ++seq) {
+    // TODO(arjunroy): It's likely that lo and hi refer to zerocopy sequence
+    // numbers that are generated by a single call to grpc_endpoint_write; ie.
+    // we can batch the unref operation. So, check if record is the same for
+    // both; if so, batch the unref/put.
+    TcpZerocopySendRecord* record =
+        tcp_zerocopy_send_ctx_->ReleaseSendRecord(seq);
+    GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(record);
+    UnrefMaybePutZerocopySendRecord(record);
+  }
+  if (tcp_zerocopy_send_ctx_->UpdateZeroCopyOptMemStateAfterFree()) {
+    handle_->SetWritable();
+  }
+}
+
+// Reads \a cmsg to derive timestamps from the control messages. If a valid
+// timestamp is found, the traced buffer list is updated with this timestamp.
+// The caller of this function should be looping on the control messages found
+// in \a msg. \a cmsg should point to the control message that the caller wants
+// processed. On return, a pointer to a control message is returned. On the next
+// iteration, CMSG_NXTHDR(msg, ret_val) should be passed as \a cmsg.
+struct cmsghdr* PosixEndpointImpl::ProcessTimestamp(msghdr* msg,
+                                                    struct cmsghdr* cmsg) {
+  auto next_cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(msg, cmsg);
+  cmsghdr* opt_stats = nullptr;
+  if (next_cmsg == nullptr) {
+    return cmsg;
+  }
+
+  // Check if next_cmsg is an OPT_STATS msg.
+  if (next_cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
+      next_cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMPING_OPT_STATS) {
+    opt_stats = next_cmsg;
+    next_cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(msg, opt_stats);
+    if (next_cmsg == nullptr) {
+      return opt_stats;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!(next_cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_IP || next_cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_IPV6) ||
+      !(next_cmsg->cmsg_type == IP_RECVERR ||
+        next_cmsg->cmsg_type == IPV6_RECVERR)) {
+    return cmsg;
+  }
+
+  auto tss = reinterpret_cast<scm_timestamping*>(CMSG_DATA(cmsg));
+  auto serr = reinterpret_cast<struct sock_extended_err*>(CMSG_DATA(next_cmsg));
+  if (serr->ee_errno != ENOMSG ||
+      serr->ee_origin != SO_EE_ORIGIN_TIMESTAMPING) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Unexpected control message");
+    return cmsg;
+  }
+  traced_buffers_.ProcessTimestamp(serr, opt_stats, tss);
+  return next_cmsg;
+}
+
+void PosixEndpointImpl::HandleError(absl::Status status) {
+  if (!status.ok() ||
+      stop_error_notification_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+    // We aren't going to register to hear on error anymore, so it is safe to
+    // unref.
+    Unref();
+    return;
+  }
+  // We are still interested in collecting timestamps, so let's try reading
+  // them.
+  if (!ProcessErrors()) {
+    // This might not a timestamps error. Set the read and write closures to be
+    // ready.
+    handle_->SetReadable();
+    handle_->SetWritable();
+  }
+  handle_->NotifyOnError(on_error_);
+}
+
+bool PosixEndpointImpl::WriteWithTimestamps(struct msghdr* msg,
+                                            size_t sending_length,
+                                            ssize_t* sent_length,
+                                            int* saved_errno,
+                                            int additional_flags) {
+  if (!socket_ts_enabled_) {
+    uint32_t opt = kTimestampingSocketOptions;
+    if (setsockopt(fd_, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMPING, static_cast<void*>(&opt),
+                   sizeof(opt)) != 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    bytes_counter_ = -1;
+    socket_ts_enabled_ = true;
+  }
+  // Set control message to indicate that you want timestamps.
+  union {
+    char cmsg_buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(uint32_t))];
+    struct cmsghdr align;
+  } u;
+  cmsghdr* cmsg = reinterpret_cast<cmsghdr*>(u.cmsg_buf);
+  cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
+  cmsg->cmsg_type = SO_TIMESTAMPING;
+  cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(uint32_t));
+  *reinterpret_cast<int*>(CMSG_DATA(cmsg)) = kTimestampingRecordingOptions;
+  msg->msg_control = u.cmsg_buf;
+  msg->msg_controllen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(uint32_t));
+
+  // If there was an error on sendmsg the logic in tcp_flush will handle it.
+  ssize_t length = TcpSend(fd_, msg, saved_errno, additional_flags);
+  *sent_length = length;
+  // Only save timestamps if all the bytes were taken by sendmsg.
+  if (sending_length == static_cast<size_t>(length)) {
+    traced_buffers_.AddNewEntry(static_cast<uint32_t>(bytes_counter_ + length),
+                                fd_, outgoing_buffer_arg_);
+    outgoing_buffer_arg_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+#else   // GRPC_LINUX_ERRQUEUE
+TcpZerocopySendRecord* PosixEndpointImpl::TcpGetSendZerocopyRecord(
+    SliceBuffer& /*buf*/) {
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+void PosixEndpointImpl::HandleError(absl::Status /*status*/) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(false && "Error handling not supported on this platform");
+}
+
+void PosixEndpointImpl::ZerocopyDisableAndWaitForRemaining() {}
+
+bool PosixEndpointImpl::WriteWithTimestamps(struct msghdr* /*msg*/,
+                                            size_t /*sending_length*/,
+                                            ssize_t* /*sent_length*/,
+                                            int* /*saved_errno*/,
+                                            int /*additional_flags*/) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(false && "Write with timestamps not supported for this platform");
+}
+#endif  // GRPC_LINUX_ERRQUEUE
+
+void PosixEndpointImpl::UnrefMaybePutZerocopySendRecord(
+    TcpZerocopySendRecord* record) {
+  if (record->Unref()) {
+    tcp_zerocopy_send_ctx_->PutSendRecord(record);
+  }
+}
+
+// If outgoing_buffer_arg is filled, shuts down the list early, so that any
+// release operations needed can be performed on the arg.
+void PosixEndpointImpl::TcpShutdownTracedBufferList() {
+  if (outgoing_buffer_arg_ != nullptr) {
+    traced_buffers_.Shutdown(outgoing_buffer_arg_,
+                             absl::InternalError("TracedBuffer list shutdown"));
+    outgoing_buffer_arg_ = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+// returns true if done, false if pending; if returning true, *error is set
+bool PosixEndpointImpl::DoFlushZerocopy(TcpZerocopySendRecord* record,
+                                        absl::Status& status) {
+  msg_iovlen_type iov_size;
+  ssize_t sent_length = 0;
+  size_t sending_length;
+  size_t unwind_slice_idx;
+  size_t unwind_byte_idx;
+  bool tried_sending_message;
+  int saved_errno;
+  msghdr msg;
+  bool constrained;
+  status = absl::OkStatus();
+  // iov consumes a large space. Keep it as the last item on the stack to
+  // improve locality. After all, we expect only the first elements of it
+  // being populated in most cases.
+  iovec iov[MAX_WRITE_IOVEC];
+  while (true) {
+    sending_length = 0;
+    iov_size = record->PopulateIovs(&unwind_slice_idx, &unwind_byte_idx,
+                                    &sending_length, iov);
+    msg.msg_name = nullptr;
+    msg.msg_namelen = 0;
+    msg.msg_iov = iov;
+    msg.msg_iovlen = iov_size;
+    msg.msg_flags = 0;
+    tried_sending_message = false;
+    constrained = false;
+    // Before calling sendmsg (with or without timestamps): we
+    // take a single ref on the zerocopy send record.
+    tcp_zerocopy_send_ctx_->NoteSend(record);
+    saved_errno = 0;
+    if (outgoing_buffer_arg_ != nullptr) {
+      if (!ts_capable_ ||
+          !WriteWithTimestamps(&msg, sending_length, &sent_length, &saved_errno,
+                               MSG_ZEROCOPY)) {
+        // We could not set socket options to collect Fathom timestamps.
+        // Fallback on writing without timestamps.
+        ts_capable_ = false;
+        TcpShutdownTracedBufferList();
+      } else {
+        tried_sending_message = true;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!tried_sending_message) {
+      msg.msg_control = nullptr;
+      msg.msg_controllen = 0;
+      sent_length = TcpSend(fd_, &msg, &saved_errno, MSG_ZEROCOPY);
+    }
+    if (tcp_zerocopy_send_ctx_->UpdateZeroCopyOptMemStateAfterSend(
+            saved_errno == ENOBUFS, constrained) ||
+        constrained) {
+      // If constrained, is true it implies that we received an ENOBUFS error
+      // but there are no un-acked z-copy records. This situation may arise
+      // because the per-process RLIMIT_MEMLOCK limit or the per-socket hard
+      // memlock ulimit on the machine may be very small. These limits control
+      // the max number of bytes a process/socket can respectively pin to RAM.
+      // Tx0cp respects these limits and if a sendmsg tries to send more than
+      // this limit, the kernel may return ENOBUFS error. Print a warning
+      // message here to allow help with debugging. Grpc should not attempt to
+      // raise the limit values.
+      if (!constrained) {
+        handle_->SetWritable();
+      } else {
+#ifdef GRPC_LINUX_ERRQUEUE
+        GRPC_LOG_EVERY_N_SEC(
+            1,
+            "Tx0cp encountered an ENOBUFS error possibly because one or "
+            "both of RLIMIT_MEMLOCK or hard memlock ulimit values are too "
+            "small for the intended user. Current system value of "
+            "RLIMIT_MEMLOCK is %" PRIu64 " and hard memlock ulimit is %" PRIu64
+            ".Consider increasing these values appropriately for the intended "
+            "user.",
+            GetRLimitMemLockMax(), GetUlimitHardMemLock());
+#endif
+      }
+    }
+    if (sent_length < 0) {
+      // If this particular send failed, drop ref taken earlier in this method.
+      tcp_zerocopy_send_ctx_->UndoSend();
+      if (saved_errno == EAGAIN || saved_errno == ENOBUFS) {
+        record->UnwindIfThrottled(unwind_slice_idx, unwind_byte_idx);
+        return false;
+      } else {
+        status = absl::InternalError(
+            absl::StrCat("sendmsg", std::strerror(saved_errno)));
+        TcpShutdownTracedBufferList();
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    bytes_counter_ += sent_length;
+    record->UpdateOffsetForBytesSent(sending_length,
+                                     static_cast<size_t>(sent_length));
+    if (record->AllSlicesSent()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool PosixEndpointImpl::TcpFlushZerocopy(TcpZerocopySendRecord* record,
+                                         absl::Status& status) {
+  bool done = DoFlushZerocopy(record, status);
+  if (done) {
+    // Either we encountered an error, or we successfully sent all the bytes.
+    // In either case, we're done with this record.
+    UnrefMaybePutZerocopySendRecord(record);
+  }
+  return done;
+}
+
+bool PosixEndpointImpl::TcpFlush(absl::Status& status) {
+  struct msghdr msg;
+  struct iovec iov[MAX_WRITE_IOVEC];
+  msg_iovlen_type iov_size;
+  ssize_t sent_length = 0;
+  size_t sending_length;
+  size_t trailing;
+  size_t unwind_slice_idx;
+  size_t unwind_byte_idx;
+  int saved_errno;
+  status = absl::OkStatus();
+
+  // We always start at zero, because we eagerly unref and trim the slice
+  // buffer as we write
+  size_t outgoing_slice_idx = 0;
+
+  while (true) {
+    sending_length = 0;
+    unwind_slice_idx = outgoing_slice_idx;
+    unwind_byte_idx = outgoing_byte_idx_;
+    for (iov_size = 0; outgoing_slice_idx != outgoing_buffer_->Count() &&
+                       iov_size != MAX_WRITE_IOVEC;
+         iov_size++) {
+      auto slice = outgoing_buffer_->RefSlice(outgoing_slice_idx);
+      iov[iov_size].iov_base =
+          const_cast<uint8_t*>(slice.begin()) + outgoing_byte_idx_;
+      iov[iov_size].iov_len = slice.length() - outgoing_byte_idx_;
+      sending_length += iov[iov_size].iov_len;
+      outgoing_slice_idx++;
+      outgoing_byte_idx_ = 0;
+    }
+    GPR_ASSERT(iov_size > 0);
+
+    msg.msg_name = nullptr;
+    msg.msg_namelen = 0;
+    msg.msg_iov = iov;
+    msg.msg_iovlen = iov_size;
+    msg.msg_flags = 0;
+    bool tried_sending_message = false;
+    saved_errno = 0;
+    if (outgoing_buffer_arg_ != nullptr) {
+      if (!ts_capable_ || !WriteWithTimestamps(&msg, sending_length,
+                                               &sent_length, &saved_errno, 0)) {
+        // We could not set socket options to collect Fathom timestamps.
+        // Fallback on writing without timestamps.
+        ts_capable_ = false;
+        TcpShutdownTracedBufferList();
+      } else {
+        tried_sending_message = true;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!tried_sending_message) {
+      msg.msg_control = nullptr;
+      msg.msg_controllen = 0;
+      sent_length = TcpSend(fd_, &msg, &saved_errno);
+    }
+
+    if (sent_length < 0) {
+      if (saved_errno == EAGAIN || saved_errno == ENOBUFS) {
+        outgoing_byte_idx_ = unwind_byte_idx;
+        // unref all and forget about all slices that have been written to this
+        // point
+        for (size_t idx = 0; idx < unwind_slice_idx; ++idx) {
+          outgoing_buffer_->TakeFirst();
+        }
+        return false;
+      } else {
+        status = absl::InternalError(
+            absl::StrCat("sendmsg", std::strerror(saved_errno)));
+        outgoing_buffer_->Clear();
+        TcpShutdownTracedBufferList();
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    GPR_ASSERT(outgoing_byte_idx_ == 0);
+    bytes_counter_ += sent_length;
+    trailing = sending_length - static_cast<size_t>(sent_length);
+    while (trailing > 0) {
+      size_t slice_length;
+      outgoing_slice_idx--;
+      slice_length = outgoing_buffer_->RefSlice(outgoing_slice_idx).length();
+      if (slice_length > trailing) {
+        outgoing_byte_idx_ = slice_length - trailing;
+        break;
+      } else {
+        trailing -= slice_length;
+      }
+    }
+    if (outgoing_slice_idx == outgoing_buffer_->Count()) {
+      outgoing_buffer_->Clear();
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void PosixEndpointImpl::HandleWrite(absl::Status status) {
+  if (!status.ok()) {
+    absl::AnyInvocable<void(absl::Status)> cb_ = std::move(write_cb_);
+    write_cb_ = nullptr;
+    if (current_zerocopy_send_ != nullptr) {
+      UnrefMaybePutZerocopySendRecord(current_zerocopy_send_);
+      current_zerocopy_send_ = nullptr;
+    }
+    cb_(status);
+    Unref();
+    return;
+  }
+  bool flush_result = current_zerocopy_send_ != nullptr
+                          ? TcpFlushZerocopy(current_zerocopy_send_, status)
+                          : TcpFlush(status);
+  if (!flush_result) {
+    GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(status.ok());
+    handle_->NotifyOnWrite(on_write_);
+  } else {
+    absl::AnyInvocable<void(absl::Status)> cb_ = std::move(write_cb_);
+    write_cb_ = nullptr;
+    current_zerocopy_send_ = nullptr;
+    cb_(status);
+    Unref();
+  }
+}
+
+void PosixEndpointImpl::Write(
+    absl::AnyInvocable<void(absl::Status)> on_writable, SliceBuffer* data,
+    const EventEngine::Endpoint::WriteArgs* args) {
+  absl::Status status = absl::OkStatus();
+  TcpZerocopySendRecord* zerocopy_send_record = nullptr;
+
+  GPR_ASSERT(write_cb_ == nullptr);
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(current_zerocopy_send_ == nullptr);
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(data != nullptr);
+
+  if (data->Length() == 0) {
+    on_writable(handle_->IsHandleShutdown() ? absl::InternalError("EOF")
+                                            : status);
+    TcpShutdownTracedBufferList();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  zerocopy_send_record = TcpGetSendZerocopyRecord(*data);
+  if (zerocopy_send_record == nullptr) {
+    // Either not enough bytes, or couldn't allocate a zerocopy context.
+    outgoing_buffer_ = data;
+    outgoing_byte_idx_ = 0;
+  }
+  if (args != nullptr) {
+    outgoing_buffer_arg_ = args->google_specific;
+  }
+  if (outgoing_buffer_arg_) {
+    GPR_ASSERT(poller_->CanTrackErrors());
+  }
+
+  bool flush_result = zerocopy_send_record != nullptr
+                          ? TcpFlushZerocopy(zerocopy_send_record, status)
+                          : TcpFlush(status);
+  if (!flush_result) {
+    Ref().release();
+    write_cb_ = std::move(on_writable);
+    current_zerocopy_send_ = zerocopy_send_record;
+    handle_->NotifyOnWrite(on_write_);
+  } else {
+    on_writable(status);
+  }
+}
+
+void PosixEndpointImpl::MaybeShutdown(absl::Status why) {
+  if (poller_->CanTrackErrors()) {
+    ZerocopyDisableAndWaitForRemaining();
+    stop_error_notification_.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
+    handle_->SetHasError();
+  }
+  handle_->ShutdownHandle(why);
+  Unref();
+}
+
+PosixEndpointImpl ::~PosixEndpointImpl() {
+  handle_->OrphanHandle(on_done_, nullptr, "");
+  delete on_read_;
+  delete on_write_;
+  delete on_error_;
+}
+
+PosixEndpointImpl::PosixEndpointImpl(EventHandle* handle,
+                                     PosixEngineClosure* on_done,
+                                     std::shared_ptr<EventEngine> engine,
+                                     MemoryAllocator&& /*allocator*/,
+                                     const PosixTcpOptions& options)
+    : sock_(PosixSocketWrapper(handle->WrappedFd())),
+      on_done_(on_done),
+      traced_buffers_(),
+      handle_(handle),
+      poller_(handle->Poller()),
+      engine_(engine) {
+  PosixSocketWrapper sock(handle->WrappedFd());
+  fd_ = handle_->WrappedFd();
+  GPR_ASSERT(options.resource_quota != nullptr);
+  memory_owner_ = options.resource_quota->memory_quota()->CreateMemoryOwner(
+      *sock.PeerAddressString());
+  self_reservation_ = memory_owner_.MakeReservation(sizeof(PosixEndpointImpl));
+  local_address_ = *sock.LocalAddress();
+  peer_address_ = *sock.PeerAddress();
+  target_length_ = static_cast<double>(options.tcp_read_chunk_size);
+  bytes_read_this_round_ = 0;
+  min_read_chunk_size_ = options.tcp_min_read_chunk_size;
+  max_read_chunk_size_ = options.tcp_max_read_chunk_size;
+  bool zerocopy_enabled =
+      options.tcp_tx_zero_copy_enabled && poller_->CanTrackErrors();
+#ifdef GRPC_LINUX_ERRQUEUE
+  if (zerocopy_enabled) {
+    if (GetRLimitMemLockMax() == 0) {
+      zerocopy_enabled = false;
+      gpr_log(
+          GPR_ERROR,
+          "Tx zero-copy will not be used by gRPC since RLIMIT_MEMLOCK value is "
+          "not set. Consider raising its value with setrlimit().");
+    } else if (GetUlimitHardMemLock() == 0) {
+      zerocopy_enabled = false;
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
+              "Tx zero-copy will not be used by gRPC since hard memlock ulimit "
+              "value is not set. Use ulimit -l <value> to set its value.");
+    } else {
+      const int enable = 1;
+      if (setsockopt(fd_, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ZEROCOPY, &enable, sizeof(enable)) !=
+          0) {
+        zerocopy_enabled = false;
+        gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Failed to set zerocopy options on the socket.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (zerocopy_enabled) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+              "Tx-zero copy enabled for gRPC sends. RLIMIT_MEMLOCK value = "
+              "%" PRIu64 ",ulimit hard memlock value = %" PRIu64,
+              GetRLimitMemLockMax(), GetUlimitHardMemLock());
+    }
+  }
+#endif  // GRPC_LINUX_ERRQUEUE
+  tcp_zerocopy_send_ctx_ = std::make_unique<TcpZerocopySendCtx>(
+      zerocopy_enabled, options.tcp_tx_zerocopy_max_simultaneous_sends,
+      options.tcp_tx_zerocopy_send_bytes_threshold);
+#ifdef GRPC_HAVE_TCP_INQ
+  int one = 1;
+  if (setsockopt(fd_, SOL_TCP, TCP_INQ, &one, sizeof(one)) == 0) {
+    inq_capable_ = true;
+  } else {
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "cannot set inq fd=%d errno=%d", fd_, errno);
+    inq_capable_ = false;
+  }
+#else
+  inq_capable_ = false;
+#endif  // GRPC_HAVE_TCP_INQ
+
+  on_read_ = PosixEngineClosure::ToPermanentClosure(
+      [this](absl::Status status) { HandleRead(std::move(status)); });
+  on_write_ = PosixEngineClosure::ToPermanentClosure(
+      [this](absl::Status status) { HandleWrite(std::move(status)); });
+  on_error_ = PosixEngineClosure::ToPermanentClosure(
+      [this](absl::Status status) { HandleError(std::move(status)); });
+
+  // Start being notified on errors if poller can track errors.
+  if (poller_->CanTrackErrors()) {
+    Ref().release();
+    handle_->NotifyOnError(on_error_);
+  }
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<PosixEndpoint> CreatePosixEndpoint(
+    EventHandle* handle, PosixEngineClosure* on_shutdown,
+    std::shared_ptr<EventEngine> engine, MemoryAllocator&& allocator,
+    const PosixTcpOptions& options) {
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(handle != nullptr);
+  return std::make_unique<PosixEndpoint>(handle, on_shutdown, std::move(engine),
+                                         std::move(allocator), options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace posix_engine
+}  // namespace grpc_event_engine
+
+#else  // GRPC_POSIX_SOCKET_TCP
+
+namespace grpc_event_engine {
+namespace posix_engine {
+
+using ::grpc_event_engine::experimental::EndpointConfig;
+using ::grpc_event_engine::experimental::EventEngine;
+
+std::unique_ptr<PosixEndpoint> CreatePosixEndpoint(
+    EventHandle* /*handle*/, PosixEngineClosure* /*on_shutdown*/,
+    std::shared_ptr<EventEngine> /*engine*/,
+    const PosixTcpOptions& /*options*/) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(false && "Cannot create PosixEndpoint on this platform");
+}
+
+}  // namespace posix_engine
+}  // namespace grpc_event_engine
+
+#endif  // GRPC_POSIX_SOCKET_TCP