grpc 1.42.0 → 1.49.1

data/src/core/ext/xds/xds_client.cc

@@ -19,42 +19,33 @@
 #include "src/core/ext/xds/xds_client.h"
 
 #include <inttypes.h>
-#include <limits.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#include "absl/container/inlined_vector.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "absl/memory/memory.h"
+#include "absl/strings/match.h"
+#include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
 #include "absl/strings/str_format.h"
 #include "absl/strings/str_join.h"
+#include "absl/strings/str_split.h"
 #include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
+#include "absl/strings/strip.h"
+#include "absl/types/optional.h"
+#include "upb/arena.h"
 
-#include <grpc/byte_buffer_reader.h>
-#include <grpc/grpc.h>
-#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
-#include <grpc/support/time.h>
+#include <grpc/event_engine/event_engine.h>
+#include <grpc/support/log.h>
 
-#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/client_channel.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/xds/xds_api.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/xds/xds_bootstrap.h"
-#include "src/core/ext/xds/xds_channel_args.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/xds/xds_client_stats.h"
-#include "src/core/ext/xds/xds_http_filters.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/address_utils/sockaddr_utils.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/backoff/backoff.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/channel/channel_args.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/channel/channel_stack.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/gpr/env.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/gpr/string.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/memory.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/event_engine/default_event_engine.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/debug_location.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/gprpp/orphanable.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/gprpp/ref_counted_ptr.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/gprpp/sync.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/sockaddr.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/timer.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_internal.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_string_helpers.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/surface/call.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/surface/channel.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/transport/static_metadata.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/uri/uri_parser.h"
 
 #define GRPC_XDS_INITIAL_CONNECT_BACKOFF_SECONDS 1
@@ -65,19 +56,12 @@
 
 namespace grpc_core {
 
+using ::grpc_event_engine::experimental::EventEngine;
+using ::grpc_event_engine::experimental::GetDefaultEventEngine;
+
 TraceFlag grpc_xds_client_trace(false, "xds_client");
 TraceFlag grpc_xds_client_refcount_trace(false, "xds_client_refcount");
 
-namespace {
-
-Mutex* g_mu = nullptr;
-
-const grpc_channel_args* g_channel_args ABSL_GUARDED_BY(*g_mu) = nullptr;
-XdsClient* g_xds_client ABSL_GUARDED_BY(*g_mu) = nullptr;
-char* g_fallback_bootstrap_config ABSL_GUARDED_BY(*g_mu) = nullptr;
-
-}  // namespace
-
 //
 // Internal class declarations
 //
@@ -90,9 +74,12 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall
  public:
   explicit RetryableCall(WeakRefCountedPtr<ChannelState> chand);
 
-  void Orphan() override;
+  // Disable thread-safety analysis because this method is called via
+  // OrphanablePtr<>, but there's no way to pass the lock annotation
+  // through there.
+  void Orphan() override ABSL_NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS;
 
-  void OnCallFinishedLocked();
+  void OnCallFinishedLocked() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
 
   T* calld() const { return calld_.get(); }
   ChannelState* chand() const { return chand_.get(); }
@@ -101,9 +88,9 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall
 
  private:
   void StartNewCallLocked();
-  void StartRetryTimerLocked();
-  static void OnRetryTimer(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
-  void OnRetryTimerLocked(grpc_error_handle error);
+  void StartRetryTimerLocked() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
+
+  void OnRetryTimer();
 
   // The wrapped xds call that talks to the xds server. It's instantiated
   // every time we start a new call. It's null during call retry backoff.
@@ -113,9 +100,8 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall
 
   // Retry state.
   BackOff backoff_;
-  grpc_timer retry_timer_;
-  grpc_closure on_retry_timer_;
-  bool retry_timer_callback_pending_ = false;
+  absl::optional<EventEngine::TaskHandle> timer_handle_
+      ABSL_GUARDED_BY(&XdsClient::mu_);
 
   bool shutting_down_ = false;
 };
@@ -126,7 +112,6 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState
  public:
   // The ctor and dtor should not be used directly.
   explicit AdsCallState(RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<AdsCallState>> parent);
-  ~AdsCallState() override;
 
   void Orphan() override;
 
@@ -135,217 +120,200 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState
   XdsClient* xds_client() const { return chand()->xds_client(); }
   bool seen_response() const { return seen_response_; }
 
-  void SubscribeLocked(const std::string& type_url,
-                       const XdsApi::ResourceName& resource)
+  void SubscribeLocked(const XdsResourceType* type, const XdsResourceName& name,
+                       bool delay_send)
       ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
-  void UnsubscribeLocked(const std::string& type_url,
-                         const XdsApi::ResourceName& resource,
-                         bool delay_unsubscription)
+  void UnsubscribeLocked(const XdsResourceType* type,
+                         const XdsResourceName& name, bool delay_unsubscription)
       ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
 
   bool HasSubscribedResources() const;
 
  private:
-  class ResourceState : public InternallyRefCounted<ResourceState> {
+  class AdsResponseParser : public XdsApi::AdsResponseParserInterface {
    public:
-    ResourceState(const std::string& type_url,
-                  const XdsApi::ResourceName& resource,
-                  bool sent_initial_request)
-        : type_url_(type_url),
-          resource_(resource),
-          sent_initial_request_(sent_initial_request) {
-      GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&timer_callback_, OnTimer, this,
-                        grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
-    }
+    struct Result {
+      const XdsResourceType* type;
+      std::string type_url;
+      std::string version;
+      std::string nonce;
+      std::vector<std::string> errors;
+      std::map<std::string /*authority*/, std::set<XdsResourceKey>>
+          resources_seen;
+      bool have_valid_resources = false;
+    };
+
+    explicit AdsResponseParser(AdsCallState* ads_call_state)
+        : ads_call_state_(ads_call_state) {}
+
+    absl::Status ProcessAdsResponseFields(AdsResponseFields fields) override
+        ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
+
+    void ParseResource(upb_Arena* arena, size_t idx, absl::string_view type_url,
+                       absl::string_view serialized_resource) override
+        ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
+
+    Result TakeResult() { return std::move(result_); }
+
+   private:
+    XdsClient* xds_client() const { return ads_call_state_->xds_client(); }
+
+    AdsCallState* ads_call_state_;
+    const Timestamp update_time_ = ExecCtx::Get()->Now();
+    Result result_;
+  };
 
-    void Orphan() override {
-      Finish();
+  class ResourceTimer : public InternallyRefCounted<ResourceTimer> {
+   public:
+    ResourceTimer(const XdsResourceType* type, const XdsResourceName& name)
+        : type_(type), name_(name) {}
+
+    // Disable thread-safety analysis because this method is called via
+    // OrphanablePtr<>, but there's no way to pass the lock annotation
+    // through there.
+    void Orphan() override ABSL_NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
+      MaybeCancelTimer();
       Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "Orphan");
     }
 
-    void Start(RefCountedPtr<AdsCallState> ads_calld) {
-      if (sent_initial_request_) return;
-      sent_initial_request_ = true;
+    void MaybeStartTimer(RefCountedPtr<AdsCallState> ads_calld)
+        ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_) {
+      if (!timer_start_needed_) return;
+      timer_start_needed_ = false;
+      // Check if we already have a cached version of this resource
+      // (i.e., if this is the initial request for the resource after an
+      // ADS stream restart).  If so, we don't start the timer, because
+      // (a) we already have the resource and (b) the server may
+      // optimize by not resending the resource that we already have.
+      auto& authority_state =
+          ads_calld->xds_client()->authority_state_map_[name_.authority];
+      ResourceState& state = authority_state.resource_map[type_][name_.key];
+      if (state.resource != nullptr) return;
+      // Start timer.
       ads_calld_ = std::move(ads_calld);
-      Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "timer").release();
-      timer_pending_ = true;
-      grpc_timer_init(
-          &timer_,
-          ExecCtx::Get()->Now() + ads_calld_->xds_client()->request_timeout_,
-          &timer_callback_);
-    }
-
-    void Finish() {
-      if (timer_pending_) {
-        grpc_timer_cancel(&timer_);
-        timer_pending_ = false;
+      timer_handle_ = GetDefaultEventEngine()->RunAfter(
+          ads_calld_->xds_client()->request_timeout_,
+          [self = Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "timer")]() {
+            ApplicationCallbackExecCtx callback_exec_ctx;
+            ExecCtx exec_ctx;
+            self->OnTimer();
+          });
+    }
+
+    void MaybeCancelTimer() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_) {
+      // If the timer hasn't been started yet, make sure we don't start
+      // it later.  This can happen if the last watch for an LDS or CDS
+      // resource is cancelled and then restarted, both while an ADS
+      // request for a different resource type is being sent (causing
+      // the unsubscription and then resubscription requests to be
+      // queued), and then we get a response for the LDS or CDS resource.
+      // In that case, we would call MaybeCancelTimer() when we receive the
+      // response and then MaybeStartTimer() when we finally send the new
+      // LDS or CDS request, thus causing the timer to fire when it shouldn't.
+      // For details, see https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/29583.
+      // TODO(roth): Find a way to write a test for this case.
+      timer_start_needed_ = false;
+      if (timer_handle_.has_value()) {
+        GetDefaultEventEngine()->Cancel(*timer_handle_);
+        timer_handle_.reset();
       }
     }
 
    private:
-    static void OnTimer(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
-      ResourceState* self = static_cast<ResourceState*>(arg);
+    void OnTimer() {
       {
-        MutexLock lock(&self->ads_calld_->xds_client()->mu_);
-        self->OnTimerLocked(GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-      }
-      self->ads_calld_.reset();
-      self->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "timer");
-    }
-
-    void OnTimerLocked(grpc_error_handle error)
-        ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_) {
-      if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE && timer_pending_) {
-        timer_pending_ = false;
-        grpc_error_handle watcher_error =
-            GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_CPP_STRING(absl::StrFormat(
-                "timeout obtaining resource {type=%s name=%s} from xds server",
-                type_url_,
-                XdsApi::ConstructFullResourceName(resource_.authority,
-                                                  type_url_, resource_.id)));
-        watcher_error = grpc_error_set_int(
-            watcher_error, GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS, GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE);
-        if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-          gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] %s", ads_calld_->xds_client(),
-                  grpc_error_std_string(watcher_error).c_str());
-        }
-        auto& authority_state =
-            ads_calld_->xds_client()->authority_state_map_[resource_.authority];
-        if (type_url_ == XdsApi::kLdsTypeUrl) {
-          ListenerState& state = authority_state.listener_map[resource_.id];
-          state.meta.client_status = XdsApi::ResourceMetadata::DOES_NOT_EXIST;
-          for (const auto& p : state.watchers) {
-            p.first->OnError(GRPC_ERROR_REF(watcher_error));
-          }
-        } else if (type_url_ == XdsApi::kRdsTypeUrl) {
-          RouteConfigState& state =
-              authority_state.route_config_map[resource_.id];
-          state.meta.client_status = XdsApi::ResourceMetadata::DOES_NOT_EXIST;
-          for (const auto& p : state.watchers) {
-            p.first->OnError(GRPC_ERROR_REF(watcher_error));
+        MutexLock lock(&ads_calld_->xds_client()->mu_);
+        if (timer_handle_.has_value()) {
+          timer_handle_.reset();
+          if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+            gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+                    "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: timeout obtaining resource "
+                    "{type=%s name=%s} from xds server",
+                    ads_calld_->xds_client(),
+                    ads_calld_->chand()->server_.server_uri.c_str(),
+                    std::string(type_->type_url()).c_str(),
+                    XdsClient::ConstructFullXdsResourceName(
+                        name_.authority, type_->type_url(), name_.key)
+                        .c_str());
           }
-        } else if (type_url_ == XdsApi::kCdsTypeUrl) {
-          ClusterState& state = authority_state.cluster_map[resource_.id];
+          auto& authority_state =
+              ads_calld_->xds_client()->authority_state_map_[name_.authority];
+          ResourceState& state = authority_state.resource_map[type_][name_.key];
           state.meta.client_status = XdsApi::ResourceMetadata::DOES_NOT_EXIST;
-          for (const auto& p : state.watchers) {
-            p.first->OnError(GRPC_ERROR_REF(watcher_error));
-          }
-        } else if (type_url_ == XdsApi::kEdsTypeUrl) {
-          EndpointState& state = authority_state.endpoint_map[resource_.id];
-          state.meta.client_status = XdsApi::ResourceMetadata::DOES_NOT_EXIST;
-          for (const auto& p : state.watchers) {
-            p.first->OnError(GRPC_ERROR_REF(watcher_error));
-          }
-        } else {
-          GPR_UNREACHABLE_CODE(return );
+          ads_calld_->xds_client()->NotifyWatchersOnResourceDoesNotExist(
+              state.watchers);
         }
-        GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(watcher_error);
       }
-      GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
+      ads_calld_->xds_client()->work_serializer_.DrainQueue();
+      ads_calld_.reset();
     }
 
-    const std::string type_url_;
-    const XdsApi::ResourceName resource_;
+    const XdsResourceType* type_;
+    const XdsResourceName name_;
 
     RefCountedPtr<AdsCallState> ads_calld_;
-    bool sent_initial_request_;
-    bool timer_pending_ = false;
-    grpc_timer timer_;
-    grpc_closure timer_callback_;
+    bool timer_start_needed_ ABSL_GUARDED_BY(&XdsClient::mu_) = true;
+    absl::optional<EventEngine::TaskHandle> timer_handle_
+        ABSL_GUARDED_BY(&XdsClient::mu_);
   };
 
-  struct ResourceTypeState {
-    ~ResourceTypeState() { GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error); }
+  class StreamEventHandler
+      : public XdsTransportFactory::XdsTransport::StreamingCall::EventHandler {
+   public:
+    explicit StreamEventHandler(RefCountedPtr<AdsCallState> ads_calld)
+        : ads_calld_(std::move(ads_calld)) {}
+
+    void OnRequestSent(bool ok) override { ads_calld_->OnRequestSent(ok); }
+    void OnRecvMessage(absl::string_view payload) override {
+      ads_calld_->OnRecvMessage(payload);
+    }
+    void OnStatusReceived(absl::Status status) override {
+      ads_calld_->OnStatusReceived(std::move(status));
+    }
 
-    // Nonce and error for this resource type.
+   private:
+    RefCountedPtr<AdsCallState> ads_calld_;
+  };
+
+  struct ResourceTypeState {
+    // Nonce and status for this resource type.
     std::string nonce;
-    grpc_error_handle error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+    absl::Status status;
 
     // Subscribed resources of this type.
     std::map<std::string /*authority*/,
-             std::map<std::string /*name*/, OrphanablePtr<ResourceState>>>
+             std::map<XdsResourceKey, OrphanablePtr<ResourceTimer>>>
         subscribed_resources;
   };
 
-  void SendMessageLocked(const std::string& type_url)
-      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
-
-  void AcceptLdsUpdateLocked(
-      std::string version, grpc_millis update_time,
-      XdsApi::LdsUpdateMap lds_update_map,
-      const std::set<XdsApi::ResourceName>& resource_names_failed)
-      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
-  void AcceptRdsUpdateLocked(std::string version, grpc_millis update_time,
-                             XdsApi::RdsUpdateMap rds_update_map)
-      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
-  void AcceptCdsUpdateLocked(
-      std::string version, grpc_millis update_time,
-      XdsApi::CdsUpdateMap cds_update_map,
-      const std::set<XdsApi::ResourceName>& resource_names_failed)
-      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
-  void AcceptEdsUpdateLocked(std::string version, grpc_millis update_time,
-                             XdsApi::EdsUpdateMap eds_update_map)
-      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
-
-  template <typename StateMap>
-  void RejectAdsUpdateHelperLocked(const std::string& resource_name,
-                                   grpc_millis update_time,
-                                   const XdsApi::AdsParseResult& result,
-                                   const std::string& error_details,
-                                   StateMap* state_map)
+  void SendMessageLocked(const XdsResourceType* type)
       ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
 
-  void RejectAdsUpdateLocked(grpc_millis update_time,
-                             const XdsApi::AdsParseResult& result)
-      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
-
-  static void OnRequestSent(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
-  void OnRequestSentLocked(grpc_error_handle error)
-      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
-  static void OnResponseReceived(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
-  bool OnResponseReceivedLocked()
-      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
-  static void OnStatusReceived(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
-  void OnStatusReceivedLocked(grpc_error_handle error)
-      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
+  void OnRequestSent(bool ok);
+  void OnRecvMessage(absl::string_view payload);
+  void OnStatusReceived(absl::Status status);
 
   bool IsCurrentCallOnChannel() const;
 
-  std::map<absl::string_view /*authority*/,
-           std::set<absl::string_view /*name*/>>
-  ResourceNamesForRequest(const std::string& type_url);
+  // Constructs a list of resource names of a given type for an ADS
+  // request.  Also starts the timer for each resource if needed.
+  std::vector<std::string> ResourceNamesForRequest(const XdsResourceType* type)
+      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
 
   // The owning RetryableCall<>.
   RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<AdsCallState>> parent_;
 
+  OrphanablePtr<XdsTransportFactory::XdsTransport::StreamingCall> call_;
+
   bool sent_initial_message_ = false;
   bool seen_response_ = false;
-
-  // Always non-NULL.
-  grpc_call* call_;
-
-  // recv_initial_metadata
-  grpc_metadata_array initial_metadata_recv_;
-
-  // send_message
-  grpc_byte_buffer* send_message_payload_ = nullptr;
-  grpc_closure on_request_sent_;
-
-  // recv_message
-  grpc_byte_buffer* recv_message_payload_ = nullptr;
-  grpc_closure on_response_received_;
-
-  // recv_trailing_metadata
-  grpc_metadata_array trailing_metadata_recv_;
-  grpc_status_code status_code_;
-  grpc_slice status_details_;
-  grpc_closure on_status_received_;
+  bool send_message_pending_ ABSL_GUARDED_BY(&XdsClient::mu_) = false;
 
   // Resource types for which requests need to be sent.
-  std::set<std::string /*type_url*/> buffered_requests_;
+  std::set<const XdsResourceType*> buffered_requests_;
 
   // State for each resource type.
-  std::map<std::string /*type_url*/, ResourceTypeState> state_map_;
+  std::map<const XdsResourceType*, ResourceTypeState> state_map_;
 };
 
 // Contains an LRS call to the xds server.
@@ -354,11 +322,11 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState
  public:
   // The ctor and dtor should not be used directly.
   explicit LrsCallState(RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<LrsCallState>> parent);
-  ~LrsCallState() override;
 
   void Orphan() override;
 
-  void MaybeStartReportingLocked();
+  void MaybeStartReportingLocked()
+      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
 
   RetryableCall<LrsCallState>* parent() { return parent_.get(); }
   ChannelState* chand() const { return parent_->chand(); }
@@ -366,30 +334,44 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState
   bool seen_response() const { return seen_response_; }
 
  private:
+  class StreamEventHandler
+      : public XdsTransportFactory::XdsTransport::StreamingCall::EventHandler {
+   public:
+    explicit StreamEventHandler(RefCountedPtr<LrsCallState> lrs_calld)
+        : lrs_calld_(std::move(lrs_calld)) {}
+
+    void OnRequestSent(bool ok) override { lrs_calld_->OnRequestSent(ok); }
+    void OnRecvMessage(absl::string_view payload) override {
+      lrs_calld_->OnRecvMessage(payload);
+    }
+    void OnStatusReceived(absl::Status status) override {
+      lrs_calld_->OnStatusReceived(std::move(status));
+    }
+
+   private:
+    RefCountedPtr<LrsCallState> lrs_calld_;
+  };
+
   // Reports client-side load stats according to a fixed interval.
   class Reporter : public InternallyRefCounted<Reporter> {
    public:
-    Reporter(RefCountedPtr<LrsCallState> parent, grpc_millis report_interval)
+    Reporter(RefCountedPtr<LrsCallState> parent, Duration report_interval)
         : parent_(std::move(parent)), report_interval_(report_interval) {
-      GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&on_next_report_timer_, OnNextReportTimer, this,
-                        grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
-      GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&on_report_done_, OnReportDone, this,
-                        grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
       ScheduleNextReportLocked();
     }
 
-    void Orphan() override;
+    // Disable thread-safety analysis because this method is called via
+    // OrphanablePtr<>, but there's no way to pass the lock annotation
+    // through there.
+    void Orphan() override ABSL_NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS;
+
+    void OnReportDoneLocked() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
 
    private:
     void ScheduleNextReportLocked()
         ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
-    static void OnNextReportTimer(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
-    bool OnNextReportTimerLocked(grpc_error_handle error)
-        ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
+    bool OnNextReportTimer();
     bool SendReportLocked() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
-    static void OnReportDone(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
-    bool OnReportDoneLocked(grpc_error_handle error)
-        ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
 
     bool IsCurrentReporterOnCall() const {
       return this == parent_->reporter_.get();
@@ -400,104 +382,37 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState
     RefCountedPtr<LrsCallState> parent_;
 
     // The load reporting state.
-    const grpc_millis report_interval_;
+    const Duration report_interval_;
     bool last_report_counters_were_zero_ = false;
-    bool next_report_timer_callback_pending_ = false;
-    grpc_timer next_report_timer_;
-    grpc_closure on_next_report_timer_;
-    grpc_closure on_report_done_;
+    absl::optional<EventEngine::TaskHandle> timer_handle_
+        ABSL_GUARDED_BY(&XdsClient::mu_);
   };
 
-  static void OnInitialRequestSent(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
-  void OnInitialRequestSentLocked()
-      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
-  static void OnResponseReceived(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
-  bool OnResponseReceivedLocked()
-      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
-  static void OnStatusReceived(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
-  void OnStatusReceivedLocked(grpc_error_handle error)
-      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
+  void OnRequestSent(bool ok);
+  void OnRecvMessage(absl::string_view payload);
+  void OnStatusReceived(absl::Status status);
 
   bool IsCurrentCallOnChannel() const;
 
   // The owning RetryableCall<>.
   RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<LrsCallState>> parent_;
-  bool seen_response_ = false;
 
-  // Always non-NULL.
-  grpc_call* call_;
+  OrphanablePtr<XdsTransportFactory::XdsTransport::StreamingCall> call_;
 
-  // recv_initial_metadata
-  grpc_metadata_array initial_metadata_recv_;
-
-  // send_message
-  grpc_byte_buffer* send_message_payload_ = nullptr;
-  grpc_closure on_initial_request_sent_;
-
-  // recv_message
-  grpc_byte_buffer* recv_message_payload_ = nullptr;
-  grpc_closure on_response_received_;
-
-  // recv_trailing_metadata
-  grpc_metadata_array trailing_metadata_recv_;
-  grpc_status_code status_code_;
-  grpc_slice status_details_;
-  grpc_closure on_status_received_;
+  bool seen_response_ = false;
+  bool send_message_pending_ ABSL_GUARDED_BY(&XdsClient::mu_) = false;
 
   // Load reporting state.
   bool send_all_clusters_ = false;
   std::set<std::string> cluster_names_;  // Asked for by the LRS server.
-  grpc_millis load_reporting_interval_ = 0;
+  Duration load_reporting_interval_;
   OrphanablePtr<Reporter> reporter_;
 };
 
-//
-// XdsClient::ChannelState::StateWatcher
-//
-
-class XdsClient::ChannelState::StateWatcher
-    : public AsyncConnectivityStateWatcherInterface {
- public:
-  explicit StateWatcher(WeakRefCountedPtr<ChannelState> parent)
-      : parent_(std::move(parent)) {}
-
- private:
-  void OnConnectivityStateChange(grpc_connectivity_state new_state,
-                                 const absl::Status& status) override {
-    MutexLock lock(&parent_->xds_client_->mu_);
-    if (!parent_->shutting_down_ &&
-        new_state == GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE) {
-      // In TRANSIENT_FAILURE.  Notify all watchers of error.
-      gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-              "[xds_client %p] xds channel in state:TRANSIENT_FAILURE "
-              "status_message:(%s)",
-              parent_->xds_client(), status.ToString().c_str());
-      parent_->xds_client_->NotifyOnErrorLocked(
-          GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
-              "xds channel in TRANSIENT_FAILURE"));
-    }
-  }
-
-  WeakRefCountedPtr<ChannelState> parent_;
-};
-
 //
 // XdsClient::ChannelState
 //
 
-namespace {
-
-grpc_channel* CreateXdsChannel(grpc_channel_args* args,
-                               const XdsBootstrap::XdsServer& server) {
-  RefCountedPtr<grpc_channel_credentials> channel_creds =
-      XdsChannelCredsRegistry::MakeChannelCreds(server.channel_creds_type,
-                                                server.channel_creds_config);
-  return grpc_secure_channel_create(channel_creds.get(),
-                                    server.server_uri.c_str(), args, nullptr);
-}
-
-}  // namespace
-
 XdsClient::ChannelState::ChannelState(WeakRefCountedPtr<XdsClient> xds_client,
                                       const XdsBootstrap::XdsServer& server)
     : DualRefCounted<ChannelState>(
@@ -510,35 +425,43 @@ XdsClient::ChannelState::ChannelState(WeakRefCountedPtr<XdsClient> xds_client,
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] creating channel to %s",
             xds_client_.get(), server.server_uri.c_str());
   }
-  channel_ = CreateXdsChannel(xds_client_->args_, server);
-  GPR_ASSERT(channel_ != nullptr);
-  StartConnectivityWatchLocked();
+  absl::Status status;
+  transport_ = xds_client_->transport_factory_->Create(
+      server,
+      [self = WeakRef(DEBUG_LOCATION, "OnConnectivityFailure")](
+          absl::Status status) {
+        self->OnConnectivityStateChange(std::move(status));
+      },
+      &status);
+  GPR_ASSERT(transport_ != nullptr);
+  if (!status.ok()) OnConnectivityStateChangeLocked(std::move(status));
 }
 
 XdsClient::ChannelState::~ChannelState() {
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] Destroying xds channel %p", xds_client(),
-            this);
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] destroying xds channel %p for server %s",
+            xds_client(), this, server_.server_uri.c_str());
   }
-  grpc_channel_destroy(channel_);
   xds_client_.reset(DEBUG_LOCATION, "ChannelState");
 }
 
 // This method should only ever be called when holding the lock, but we can't
 // use a ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED annotation, because Orphan() will be
-// called from DualRefCounted::Unref, which cannot have a lock annotation for a
-// lock in this subclass.
+// called from DualRefCounted::Unref, which cannot have a lock annotation for
+// a lock in this subclass.
 void XdsClient::ChannelState::Orphan() ABSL_NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
   shutting_down_ = true;
-  CancelConnectivityWatchLocked();
+  transport_.reset();
   // At this time, all strong refs are removed, remove from channel map to
-  // prevent subsequent subscription from trying to use this ChannelState as it
-  // is shutting down.
+  // prevent subsequent subscription from trying to use this ChannelState as
+  // it is shutting down.
   xds_client_->xds_server_channel_map_.erase(server_);
   ads_calld_.reset();
   lrs_calld_.reset();
 }
 
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::ResetBackoff() { transport_->ResetBackoff(); }
+
 XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState* XdsClient::ChannelState::ads_calld()
     const {
   return ads_calld_->calld();
@@ -559,25 +482,13 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::MaybeStartLrsCall() {
       WeakRef(DEBUG_LOCATION, "ChannelState+lrs")));
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::StopLrsCall() { lrs_calld_.reset(); }
-
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::StartConnectivityWatchLocked() {
-  ClientChannel* client_channel = ClientChannel::GetFromChannel(channel_);
-  GPR_ASSERT(client_channel != nullptr);
-  watcher_ = new StateWatcher(WeakRef(DEBUG_LOCATION, "ChannelState+watch"));
-  client_channel->AddConnectivityWatcher(
-      GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE,
-      OrphanablePtr<AsyncConnectivityStateWatcherInterface>(watcher_));
-}
-
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::CancelConnectivityWatchLocked() {
-  ClientChannel* client_channel = ClientChannel::GetFromChannel(channel_);
-  GPR_ASSERT(client_channel != nullptr);
-  client_channel->RemoveConnectivityWatcher(watcher_);
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::StopLrsCallLocked() {
+  xds_client_->xds_load_report_server_map_.erase(server_);
+  lrs_calld_.reset();
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::SubscribeLocked(
-    const std::string& type_url, const XdsApi::ResourceName& resource) {
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::SubscribeLocked(const XdsResourceType* type,
+                                              const XdsResourceName& name) {
   if (ads_calld_ == nullptr) {
     // Start the ADS call if this is the first request.
     ads_calld_.reset(new RetryableCall<AdsCallState>(
@@ -591,16 +502,16 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::SubscribeLocked(
   // because when the call is restarted it will resend all necessary requests.
   if (ads_calld() == nullptr) return;
   // Subscribe to this resource if the ADS call is active.
-  ads_calld()->SubscribeLocked(type_url, resource);
+  ads_calld()->SubscribeLocked(type, name, /*delay_send=*/false);
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::UnsubscribeLocked(
-    const std::string& type_url, const XdsApi::ResourceName& resource,
-    bool delay_unsubscription) {
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::UnsubscribeLocked(const XdsResourceType* type,
+                                                const XdsResourceName& name,
+                                                bool delay_unsubscription) {
   if (ads_calld_ != nullptr) {
     auto* calld = ads_calld_->calld();
     if (calld != nullptr) {
-      calld->UnsubscribeLocked(type_url, resource, delay_unsubscription);
+      calld->UnsubscribeLocked(type, name, delay_unsubscription);
       if (!calld->HasSubscribedResources()) {
         ads_calld_.reset();
       }
@@ -608,6 +519,29 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::UnsubscribeLocked(
   }
 }
 
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::OnConnectivityStateChange(absl::Status status) {
+  {
+    MutexLock lock(&xds_client_->mu_);
+    OnConnectivityStateChangeLocked(std::move(status));
+  }
+  xds_client_->work_serializer_.DrainQueue();
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::OnConnectivityStateChangeLocked(
+    absl::Status status) {
+  if (!shutting_down_) {
+    // Notify all watchers of error.
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+            "[xds_client %p] xds channel for server %s in "
+            "state TRANSIENT_FAILURE: %s",
+            xds_client(), server_.server_uri.c_str(),
+            status.ToString().c_str());
+    xds_client_->NotifyOnErrorLocked(absl::UnavailableError(
+        absl::StrCat("xds channel in TRANSIENT_FAILURE, connectivity error: ",
+                     status.ToString())));
+  }
+}
+
 //
 // XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<>
 //
@@ -616,16 +550,13 @@ template <typename T>
 XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::RetryableCall(
     WeakRefCountedPtr<ChannelState> chand)
     : chand_(std::move(chand)),
-      backoff_(
-          BackOff::Options()
-              .set_initial_backoff(GRPC_XDS_INITIAL_CONNECT_BACKOFF_SECONDS *
-                                   1000)
-              .set_multiplier(GRPC_XDS_RECONNECT_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER)
-              .set_jitter(GRPC_XDS_RECONNECT_JITTER)
-              .set_max_backoff(GRPC_XDS_RECONNECT_MAX_BACKOFF_SECONDS * 1000)) {
-  // Closure Initialization
-  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&on_retry_timer_, OnRetryTimer, this,
-                    grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
+      backoff_(BackOff::Options()
+                   .set_initial_backoff(Duration::Seconds(
+                       GRPC_XDS_INITIAL_CONNECT_BACKOFF_SECONDS))
+                   .set_multiplier(GRPC_XDS_RECONNECT_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER)
+                   .set_jitter(GRPC_XDS_RECONNECT_JITTER)
+                   .set_max_backoff(Duration::Seconds(
+                       GRPC_XDS_RECONNECT_MAX_BACKOFF_SECONDS))) {
   StartNewCallLocked();
 }
 
@@ -633,35 +564,32 @@ template <typename T>
 void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::Orphan() {
   shutting_down_ = true;
   calld_.reset();
-  if (retry_timer_callback_pending_) grpc_timer_cancel(&retry_timer_);
+  if (timer_handle_.has_value()) {
+    GetDefaultEventEngine()->Cancel(*timer_handle_);
+    timer_handle_.reset();
+  }
   this->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "RetryableCall+orphaned");
 }
 
 template <typename T>
 void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::OnCallFinishedLocked() {
-  const bool seen_response = calld_->seen_response();
+  // If we saw a response on the current stream, reset backoff.
+  if (calld_->seen_response()) backoff_.Reset();
   calld_.reset();
-  if (seen_response) {
-    // If we lost connection to the xds server, reset backoff and restart the
-    // call immediately.
-    backoff_.Reset();
-    StartNewCallLocked();
-  } else {
-    // If we failed to connect to the xds server, retry later.
-    StartRetryTimerLocked();
-  }
+  // Start retry timer.
+  StartRetryTimerLocked();
 }
 
 template <typename T>
 void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::StartNewCallLocked() {
   if (shutting_down_) return;
-  GPR_ASSERT(chand_->channel_ != nullptr);
+  GPR_ASSERT(chand_->transport_ != nullptr);
   GPR_ASSERT(calld_ == nullptr);
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-            "[xds_client %p] Start new call from retryable call (chand: %p, "
-            "retryable call: %p)",
-            chand()->xds_client(), chand(), this);
+            "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: start new call from retryable "
+            "call %p",
+            chand()->xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri.c_str(), this);
   }
   calld_ = MakeOrphanable<T>(
       this->Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "RetryableCall+start_new_call"));
@@ -670,45 +598,216 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::StartNewCallLocked() {
 template <typename T>
 void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::StartRetryTimerLocked() {
   if (shutting_down_) return;
-  const grpc_millis next_attempt_time = backoff_.NextAttemptTime();
+  const Timestamp next_attempt_time = backoff_.NextAttemptTime();
+  const Duration timeout =
+      std::max(next_attempt_time - ExecCtx::Get()->Now(), Duration::Zero());
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-    grpc_millis timeout =
-        std::max(next_attempt_time - ExecCtx::Get()->Now(), grpc_millis(0));
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-            "[xds_client %p] Failed to connect to xds server (chand: %p) "
+            "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: call attempt failed; "
             "retry timer will fire in %" PRId64 "ms.",
-            chand()->xds_client(), chand(), timeout);
+            chand()->xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri.c_str(),
+            timeout.millis());
   }
-  this->Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "RetryableCall+retry_timer_start").release();
-  grpc_timer_init(&retry_timer_, next_attempt_time, &on_retry_timer_);
-  retry_timer_callback_pending_ = true;
+  timer_handle_ = GetDefaultEventEngine()->RunAfter(
+      timeout,
+      [self = this->Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "RetryableCall+retry_timer_start")]() {
+        ApplicationCallbackExecCtx callback_exec_ctx;
+        ExecCtx exec_ctx;
+        self->OnRetryTimer();
+      });
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::OnRetryTimer(
-    void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
-  RetryableCall* calld = static_cast<RetryableCall*>(arg);
-  {
-    MutexLock lock(&calld->chand_->xds_client()->mu_);
-    calld->OnRetryTimerLocked(GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::OnRetryTimer() {
+  MutexLock lock(&chand_->xds_client()->mu_);
+  if (timer_handle_.has_value()) {
+    timer_handle_.reset();
+    if (shutting_down_) return;
+    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+              "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: retry timer fired (retryable "
+              "call: %p)",
+              chand()->xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri.c_str(), this);
+    }
+    StartNewCallLocked();
   }
-  calld->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "RetryableCall+retry_timer_done");
 }
 
-template <typename T>
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::OnRetryTimerLocked(
-    grpc_error_handle error) {
-  retry_timer_callback_pending_ = false;
-  if (!shutting_down_ && error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+//
+// XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::AdsResponseParser
+//
+
+absl::Status XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::AdsResponseParser::
+    ProcessAdsResponseFields(AdsResponseFields fields) {
+  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(
+        GPR_INFO,
+        "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: received ADS response: type_url=%s, "
+        "version=%s, nonce=%s, num_resources=%" PRIuPTR,
+        ads_call_state_->xds_client(),
+        ads_call_state_->chand()->server_.server_uri.c_str(),
+        fields.type_url.c_str(), fields.version.c_str(), fields.nonce.c_str(),
+        fields.num_resources);
+  }
+  result_.type =
+      ads_call_state_->xds_client()->GetResourceTypeLocked(fields.type_url);
+  if (result_.type == nullptr) {
+    return absl::InvalidArgumentError(
+        absl::StrCat("unknown resource type ", fields.type_url));
+  }
+  result_.type_url = std::move(fields.type_url);
+  result_.version = std::move(fields.version);
+  result_.nonce = std::move(fields.nonce);
+  return absl::OkStatus();
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Build a resource metadata struct for ADS result accepting methods and CSDS.
+XdsApi::ResourceMetadata CreateResourceMetadataAcked(
+    std::string serialized_proto, std::string version, Timestamp update_time) {
+  XdsApi::ResourceMetadata resource_metadata;
+  resource_metadata.serialized_proto = std::move(serialized_proto);
+  resource_metadata.update_time = update_time;
+  resource_metadata.version = std::move(version);
+  resource_metadata.client_status = XdsApi::ResourceMetadata::ACKED;
+  return resource_metadata;
+}
+
+// Update resource_metadata for NACK.
+void UpdateResourceMetadataNacked(const std::string& version,
+                                  const std::string& details,
+                                  Timestamp update_time,
+                                  XdsApi::ResourceMetadata* resource_metadata) {
+  resource_metadata->client_status = XdsApi::ResourceMetadata::NACKED;
+  resource_metadata->failed_version = version;
+  resource_metadata->failed_details = details;
+  resource_metadata->failed_update_time = update_time;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::AdsResponseParser::ParseResource(
+    upb_Arena* arena, size_t idx, absl::string_view type_url,
+    absl::string_view serialized_resource) {
+  // Check the type_url of the resource.
+  bool is_v2 = false;
+  if (!result_.type->IsType(type_url, &is_v2)) {
+    result_.errors.emplace_back(
+        absl::StrCat("resource index ", idx, ": incorrect resource type ",
+                     type_url, " (should be ", result_.type_url, ")"));
+    return;
+  }
+  // Parse the resource.
+  XdsResourceType::DecodeContext context = {
+      xds_client(), ads_call_state_->chand()->server_, &grpc_xds_client_trace,
+      xds_client()->symtab_.ptr(), arena};
+  absl::StatusOr<XdsResourceType::DecodeResult> result =
+      result_.type->Decode(context, serialized_resource, is_v2);
+  if (!result.ok()) {
+    result_.errors.emplace_back(
+        absl::StrCat("resource index ", idx, ": ", result.status().ToString()));
+    return;
+  }
+  // Check the resource name.
+  auto resource_name =
+      xds_client()->ParseXdsResourceName(result->name, result_.type);
+  if (!resource_name.ok()) {
+    result_.errors.emplace_back(absl::StrCat(
+        "resource index ", idx, ": Cannot parse xDS resource name \"",
+        result->name, "\""));
+    return;
+  }
+  // Cancel resource-does-not-exist timer, if needed.
+  auto timer_it = ads_call_state_->state_map_.find(result_.type);
+  if (timer_it != ads_call_state_->state_map_.end()) {
+    auto it =
+        timer_it->second.subscribed_resources.find(resource_name->authority);
+    if (it != timer_it->second.subscribed_resources.end()) {
+      auto res_it = it->second.find(resource_name->key);
+      if (res_it != it->second.end()) {
+        res_it->second->MaybeCancelTimer();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  // Lookup the authority in the cache.
+  auto authority_it =
+      xds_client()->authority_state_map_.find(resource_name->authority);
+  if (authority_it == xds_client()->authority_state_map_.end()) {
+    return;  // Skip resource -- we don't have a subscription for it.
+  }
+  // Found authority, so look up type.
+  AuthorityState& authority_state = authority_it->second;
+  auto type_it = authority_state.resource_map.find(result_.type);
+  if (type_it == authority_state.resource_map.end()) {
+    return;  // Skip resource -- we don't have a subscription for it.
+  }
+  auto& type_map = type_it->second;
+  // Found type, so look up resource key.
+  auto it = type_map.find(resource_name->key);
+  if (it == type_map.end()) {
+    return;  // Skip resource -- we don't have a subscription for it.
+  }
+  ResourceState& resource_state = it->second;
+  // If needed, record that we've seen this resource.
+  if (result_.type->AllResourcesRequiredInSotW()) {
+    result_.resources_seen[resource_name->authority].insert(resource_name->key);
+  }
+  // If we previously ignored the resource's deletion, log that we're
+  // now re-adding it.
+  if (resource_state.ignored_deletion) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+            "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: server returned new version of "
+            "resource for which we previously ignored a deletion: type %s "
+            "name %s",
+            xds_client(), ads_call_state_->chand()->server_.server_uri.c_str(),
+            std::string(type_url).c_str(), result->name.c_str());
+    resource_state.ignored_deletion = false;
+  }
+  // Update resource state based on whether the resource is valid.
+  if (!result->resource.ok()) {
+    result_.errors.emplace_back(absl::StrCat(
+        "resource index ", idx, ": ", result->name,
+        ": validation error: ", result->resource.status().ToString()));
+    xds_client()->NotifyWatchersOnErrorLocked(
+        resource_state.watchers,
+        absl::UnavailableError(absl::StrCat(
+            "invalid resource: ", result->resource.status().ToString())));
+    UpdateResourceMetadataNacked(result_.version,
+                                 result->resource.status().ToString(),
+                                 update_time_, &resource_state.meta);
+    return;
+  }
+  // Resource is valid.
+  result_.have_valid_resources = true;
+  // If it didn't change, ignore it.
+  if (resource_state.resource != nullptr &&
+      result_.type->ResourcesEqual(resource_state.resource.get(),
+                                   result->resource->get())) {
     if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-      gpr_log(
-          GPR_INFO,
-          "[xds_client %p] Retry timer fires (chand: %p, retryable call: %p)",
-          chand()->xds_client(), chand(), this);
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+              "[xds_client %p] %s resource %s identical to current, ignoring.",
+              xds_client(), result_.type_url.c_str(), result->name.c_str());
     }
-    StartNewCallLocked();
+    return;
   }
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
+  // Update the resource state.
+  resource_state.resource = std::move(*result->resource);
+  resource_state.meta = CreateResourceMetadataAcked(
+      std::string(serialized_resource), result_.version, update_time_);
+  // Notify watchers.
+  auto& watchers_list = resource_state.watchers;
+  auto* value =
+      result_.type->CopyResource(resource_state.resource.get()).release();
+  xds_client()->work_serializer_.Schedule(
+      [watchers_list, value]()
+          ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&xds_client()->work_serializer_) {
+            for (const auto& p : watchers_list) {
+              p.first->OnGenericResourceChanged(value);
+            }
+            delete value;
+          },
+      DEBUG_LOCATION);
 }
 
 //
@@ -722,206 +821,104 @@ XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::AdsCallState(
               ? "AdsCallState"
               : nullptr),
       parent_(std::move(parent)) {
-  // Init the ADS call. Note that the call will progress every time there's
-  // activity in xds_client()->interested_parties_, which is comprised of
-  // the polling entities from client_channel.
   GPR_ASSERT(xds_client() != nullptr);
-  // Create a call with the specified method name.
-  const auto& method =
+  // Init the ADS call.
+  const char* method =
       chand()->server_.ShouldUseV3()
-          ? GRPC_MDSTR_SLASH_ENVOY_DOT_SERVICE_DOT_DISCOVERY_DOT_V3_DOT_AGGREGATEDDISCOVERYSERVICE_SLASH_STREAMAGGREGATEDRESOURCES
-          : GRPC_MDSTR_SLASH_ENVOY_DOT_SERVICE_DOT_DISCOVERY_DOT_V2_DOT_AGGREGATEDDISCOVERYSERVICE_SLASH_STREAMAGGREGATEDRESOURCES;
-  call_ = grpc_channel_create_pollset_set_call(
-      chand()->channel_, nullptr, GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEFAULTS,
-      xds_client()->interested_parties_, method, nullptr,
-      GRPC_MILLIS_INF_FUTURE, nullptr);
+          ? "/envoy.service.discovery.v3.AggregatedDiscoveryService/"
+            "StreamAggregatedResources"
+          : "/envoy.service.discovery.v2.AggregatedDiscoveryService/"
+            "StreamAggregatedResources";
+  call_ = chand()->transport_->CreateStreamingCall(
+      method, absl::make_unique<StreamEventHandler>(
+                  // Passing the initial ref here.  This ref will go away when
+                  // the StreamEventHandler is destroyed.
+                  RefCountedPtr<AdsCallState>(this)));
   GPR_ASSERT(call_ != nullptr);
-  // Init data associated with the call.
-  grpc_metadata_array_init(&initial_metadata_recv_);
-  grpc_metadata_array_init(&trailing_metadata_recv_);
   // Start the call.
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-            "[xds_client %p] Starting ADS call (chand: %p, calld: %p, "
-            "call: %p)",
-            xds_client(), chand(), this, call_);
-  }
-  // Create the ops.
-  grpc_call_error call_error;
-  grpc_op ops[3];
-  memset(ops, 0, sizeof(ops));
-  // Op: send initial metadata.
-  grpc_op* op = ops;
-  op->op = GRPC_OP_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA;
-  op->data.send_initial_metadata.count = 0;
-  op->flags = GRPC_INITIAL_METADATA_WAIT_FOR_READY |
-              GRPC_INITIAL_METADATA_WAIT_FOR_READY_EXPLICITLY_SET;
-  op->reserved = nullptr;
-  op++;
-  call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(
-      call_, ops, static_cast<size_t>(op - ops), nullptr);
-  GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
-  // Op: send request message.
-  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&on_request_sent_, OnRequestSent, this,
-                    grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
+            "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: starting ADS call "
+            "(calld: %p, call: %p)",
+            xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri.c_str(), this,
+            call_.get());
+  }
+  // If this is a reconnect, add any necessary subscriptions from what's
+  // already in the cache.
   for (const auto& a : xds_client()->authority_state_map_) {
     const std::string& authority = a.first;
     // Skip authorities that are not using this xDS channel.
     if (a.second.channel_state != chand()) continue;
-    for (const auto& l : a.second.listener_map) {
-      const std::string& listener_name = l.first;
-      SubscribeLocked(XdsApi::kLdsTypeUrl, {authority, listener_name});
-    }
-    for (const auto& r : a.second.route_config_map) {
-      const std::string& route_config_name = r.first;
-      SubscribeLocked(XdsApi::kRdsTypeUrl, {authority, route_config_name});
-    }
-    for (const auto& c : a.second.cluster_map) {
-      const std::string& cluster_name = c.first;
-      SubscribeLocked(XdsApi::kCdsTypeUrl, {authority, cluster_name});
-    }
-    for (const auto& e : a.second.endpoint_map) {
-      const std::string& endpoint_name = e.first;
-      SubscribeLocked(XdsApi::kEdsTypeUrl, {authority, endpoint_name});
+    for (const auto& t : a.second.resource_map) {
+      const XdsResourceType* type = t.first;
+      for (const auto& r : t.second) {
+        const XdsResourceKey& resource_key = r.first;
+        SubscribeLocked(type, {authority, resource_key}, /*delay_send=*/true);
+      }
     }
   }
-  // Op: recv initial metadata.
-  op = ops;
-  op->op = GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA;
-  op->data.recv_initial_metadata.recv_initial_metadata =
-      &initial_metadata_recv_;
-  op->flags = 0;
-  op->reserved = nullptr;
-  op++;
-  // Op: recv response.
-  op->op = GRPC_OP_RECV_MESSAGE;
-  op->data.recv_message.recv_message = &recv_message_payload_;
-  op->flags = 0;
-  op->reserved = nullptr;
-  op++;
-  Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "ADS+OnResponseReceivedLocked").release();
-  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&on_response_received_, OnResponseReceived, this,
-                    grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
-  call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(
-      call_, ops, static_cast<size_t>(op - ops), &on_response_received_);
-  GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
-  // Op: recv server status.
-  op = ops;
-  op->op = GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT;
-  op->data.recv_status_on_client.trailing_metadata = &trailing_metadata_recv_;
-  op->data.recv_status_on_client.status = &status_code_;
-  op->data.recv_status_on_client.status_details = &status_details_;
-  op->flags = 0;
-  op->reserved = nullptr;
-  op++;
-  // This callback signals the end of the call, so it relies on the initial
-  // ref instead of a new ref. When it's invoked, it's the initial ref that is
-  // unreffed.
-  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&on_status_received_, OnStatusReceived, this,
-                    grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
-  call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(
-      call_, ops, static_cast<size_t>(op - ops), &on_status_received_);
-  GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
-}
-
-XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::~AdsCallState() {
-  grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&initial_metadata_recv_);
-  grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&trailing_metadata_recv_);
-  grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(send_message_payload_);
-  grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(recv_message_payload_);
-  grpc_slice_unref_internal(status_details_);
-  GPR_ASSERT(call_ != nullptr);
-  grpc_call_unref(call_);
+  // Send initial message if we added any subscriptions above.
+  for (const auto& p : state_map_) {
+    SendMessageLocked(p.first);
+  }
 }
 
 void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::Orphan() {
-  GPR_ASSERT(call_ != nullptr);
-  // If we are here because xds_client wants to cancel the call,
-  // on_status_received_ will complete the cancellation and clean up. Otherwise,
-  // we are here because xds_client has to orphan a failed call, then the
-  // following cancellation will be a no-op.
-  grpc_call_cancel_internal(call_);
   state_map_.clear();
-  // Note that the initial ref is hold by on_status_received_. So the
-  // corresponding unref happens in on_status_received_ instead of here.
+  // Note that the initial ref is held by the StreamEventHandler, which
+  // will be destroyed when call_ is destroyed, which may not happen
+  // here, since there may be other refs held to call_ by internal callbacks.
+  call_.reset();
 }
 
 void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::SendMessageLocked(
-    const std::string& type_url)
+    const XdsResourceType* type)
     ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_) {
   // Buffer message sending if an existing message is in flight.
-  if (send_message_payload_ != nullptr) {
-    buffered_requests_.insert(type_url);
+  if (send_message_pending_) {
+    buffered_requests_.insert(type);
     return;
   }
-  auto& state = state_map_[type_url];
-  grpc_slice request_payload_slice;
-  std::map<absl::string_view /*authority*/,
-           std::set<absl::string_view /*name*/>>
-      resource_map = ResourceNamesForRequest(type_url);
-  request_payload_slice = xds_client()->api_.CreateAdsRequest(
-      chand()->server_, type_url, resource_map,
-      chand()->resource_type_version_map_[type_url], state.nonce,
-      GRPC_ERROR_REF(state.error), !sent_initial_message_);
-  if (type_url != XdsApi::kLdsTypeUrl && type_url != XdsApi::kRdsTypeUrl &&
-      type_url != XdsApi::kCdsTypeUrl && type_url != XdsApi::kEdsTypeUrl) {
-    state_map_.erase(type_url);
-  }
+  auto& state = state_map_[type];
+  std::string serialized_message = xds_client()->api_.CreateAdsRequest(
+      chand()->server_,
+      chand()->server_.ShouldUseV3() ? type->type_url() : type->v2_type_url(),
+      chand()->resource_type_version_map_[type], state.nonce,
+      ResourceNamesForRequest(type), state.status, !sent_initial_message_);
   sent_initial_message_ = true;
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-            "[xds_client %p] sending ADS request: type=%s version=%s nonce=%s "
-            "error=%s",
-            xds_client(), type_url.c_str(),
-            chand()->resource_type_version_map_[type_url].c_str(),
-            state.nonce.c_str(), grpc_error_std_string(state.error).c_str());
-  }
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(state.error);
-  state.error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
-  // Create message payload.
-  send_message_payload_ =
-      grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create(&request_payload_slice, 1);
-  grpc_slice_unref_internal(request_payload_slice);
-  // Send the message.
-  grpc_op op;
-  memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
-  op.op = GRPC_OP_SEND_MESSAGE;
-  op.data.send_message.send_message = send_message_payload_;
-  Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "ADS+OnRequestSentLocked").release();
-  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&on_request_sent_, OnRequestSent, this,
-                    grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
-  grpc_call_error call_error =
-      grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(call_, &op, 1, &on_request_sent_);
-  if (GPR_UNLIKELY(call_error != GRPC_CALL_OK)) {
-    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
-            "[xds_client %p] calld=%p call_error=%d sending ADS message",
-            xds_client(), this, call_error);
-    GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
+            "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: sending ADS request: type=%s "
+            "version=%s nonce=%s error=%s",
+            xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri.c_str(),
+            std::string(type->type_url()).c_str(),
+            chand()->resource_type_version_map_[type].c_str(),
+            state.nonce.c_str(), state.status.ToString().c_str());
   }
+  state.status = absl::OkStatus();
+  call_->SendMessage(std::move(serialized_message));
+  send_message_pending_ = true;
 }
 
 void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::SubscribeLocked(
-    const std::string& type_url, const XdsApi::ResourceName& resource) {
-  auto& state = state_map_[type_url]
-                    .subscribed_resources[resource.authority][resource.id];
+    const XdsResourceType* type, const XdsResourceName& name, bool delay_send) {
+  auto& state = state_map_[type].subscribed_resources[name.authority][name.key];
   if (state == nullptr) {
-    state = MakeOrphanable<ResourceState>(
-        type_url, resource,
-        !chand()->resource_type_version_map_[type_url].empty());
-    SendMessageLocked(type_url);
+    state = MakeOrphanable<ResourceTimer>(type, name);
+    if (!delay_send) SendMessageLocked(type);
   }
 }
 
 void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::UnsubscribeLocked(
-    const std::string& type_url, const XdsApi::ResourceName& resource,
+    const XdsResourceType* type, const XdsResourceName& name,
     bool delay_unsubscription) {
-  auto& type_state_map = state_map_[type_url];
-  auto& authority_map = type_state_map.subscribed_resources[resource.authority];
-  authority_map.erase(resource.id);
+  auto& type_state_map = state_map_[type];
+  auto& authority_map = type_state_map.subscribed_resources[name.authority];
+  authority_map.erase(name.key);
   if (authority_map.empty()) {
-    type_state_map.subscribed_resources.erase(resource.authority);
+    type_state_map.subscribed_resources.erase(name.authority);
   }
-  if (!delay_unsubscription) SendMessageLocked(type_url);
+  if (!delay_unsubscription) SendMessageLocked(type);
 }
 
 bool XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::HasSubscribedResources() const {
@@ -931,618 +928,176 @@ bool XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::HasSubscribedResources() const {
   return false;
 }
 
-namespace {
-
-// Build a resource metadata struct for ADS result accepting methods and CSDS.
-XdsApi::ResourceMetadata CreateResourceMetadataAcked(
-    std::string serialized_proto, std::string version,
-    grpc_millis update_time) {
-  XdsApi::ResourceMetadata resource_metadata;
-  resource_metadata.serialized_proto = std::move(serialized_proto);
-  resource_metadata.update_time = update_time;
-  resource_metadata.version = std::move(version);
-  resource_metadata.client_status = XdsApi::ResourceMetadata::ACKED;
-  return resource_metadata;
-}
-
-}  // namespace
-
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::AcceptLdsUpdateLocked(
-    std::string version, grpc_millis update_time,
-    XdsApi::LdsUpdateMap lds_update_map,
-    const std::set<XdsApi::ResourceName>& resource_names_failed) {
-  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-    gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-            "[xds_client %p] LDS update received containing %" PRIuPTR
-            " resources",
-            xds_client(), lds_update_map.size());
-  }
-  auto& lds_state = state_map_[XdsApi::kLdsTypeUrl];
-  std::set<std::string> rds_resource_names_seen;
-  for (auto& p : lds_update_map) {
-    const XdsApi::ResourceName& resource = p.first;
-    XdsApi::LdsUpdate& lds_update = p.second.resource;
-    auto& state =
-        lds_state.subscribed_resources[resource.authority][resource.id];
-    if (state != nullptr) state->Finish();
-    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] LDS resource %s: %s", xds_client(),
-              XdsApi::ConstructFullResourceName(
-                  resource.authority, XdsApi::kLdsTypeUrl, resource.id)
-                  .c_str(),
-              lds_update.ToString().c_str());
-    }
-    // Record the RDS resource names seen.
-    if (!lds_update.http_connection_manager.route_config_name.empty()) {
-      rds_resource_names_seen.insert(
-          lds_update.http_connection_manager.route_config_name);
-    }
-    ListenerState& listener_state =
-        xds_client()
-            ->authority_state_map_[resource.authority]
-            .listener_map[resource.id];
-    // Ignore identical update.
-    if (listener_state.update.has_value() &&
-        *listener_state.update == lds_update) {
-      if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-        gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-                "[xds_client %p] LDS update for %s identical to current, "
-                "ignoring.",
-                xds_client(),
-                XdsApi::ConstructFullResourceName(
-                    resource.authority, XdsApi::kLdsTypeUrl, resource.id)
-                    .c_str());
-      }
-      continue;
-    }
-    // Update the listener state.
-    listener_state.update = std::move(lds_update);
-    listener_state.meta = CreateResourceMetadataAcked(
-        std::move(p.second.serialized_proto), version, update_time);
-    // Notify watchers.
-    for (const auto& p : listener_state.watchers) {
-      p.first->OnListenerChanged(*listener_state.update);
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnRequestSent(bool ok) {
+  MutexLock lock(&xds_client()->mu_);
+  send_message_pending_ = false;
+  if (ok && IsCurrentCallOnChannel()) {
+    // Continue to send another pending message if any.
+    // TODO(roth): The current code to handle buffered messages has the
+    // advantage of sending only the most recent list of resource names for
+    // each resource type (no matter how many times that resource type has
+    // been requested to send while the current message sending is still
+    // pending). But its disadvantage is that we send the requests in fixed
+    // order of resource types. We need to fix this if we are seeing some
+    // resource type(s) starved due to frequent requests of other resource
+    // type(s).
+    auto it = buffered_requests_.begin();
+    if (it != buffered_requests_.end()) {
+      SendMessageLocked(*it);
+      buffered_requests_.erase(it);
     }
   }
-  // For invalid resources in the update, if they are already in the
-  // cache, pretend that they are present in the update, so that we
-  // don't incorrectly consider them deleted below.
-  for (const auto& resource : resource_names_failed) {
-    auto& listener_map =
-        xds_client()->authority_state_map_[resource.authority].listener_map;
-    auto it = listener_map.find(resource.id);
-    if (it != listener_map.end()) {
-      auto& update = it->second.update;
-      if (!update.has_value()) continue;
-      lds_update_map[resource];
-      if (!update->http_connection_manager.route_config_name.empty()) {
-        rds_resource_names_seen.insert(
-            update->http_connection_manager.route_config_name);
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnRecvMessage(
+    absl::string_view payload) {
+  {
+    MutexLock lock(&xds_client()->mu_);
+    if (!IsCurrentCallOnChannel()) return;
+    // Parse and validate the response.
+    AdsResponseParser parser(this);
+    absl::Status status =
+        xds_client()->api_.ParseAdsResponse(chand()->server_, payload, &parser);
+    if (!status.ok()) {
+      // Ignore unparsable response.
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
+              "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: error parsing ADS response (%s) "
+              "-- ignoring",
+              xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri.c_str(),
+              status.ToString().c_str());
+    } else {
+      seen_response_ = true;
+      AdsResponseParser::Result result = parser.TakeResult();
+      // Update nonce.
+      auto& state = state_map_[result.type];
+      state.nonce = result.nonce;
+      // If we got an error, set state.error so that we'll NACK the update.
+      if (!result.errors.empty()) {
+        state.status = absl::UnavailableError(
+            absl::StrCat("xDS response validation errors: [",
+                         absl::StrJoin(result.errors, "; "), "]"));
+        gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
+                "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: ADS response invalid for "
+                "resource "
+                "type %s version %s, will NACK: nonce=%s status=%s",
+                xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri.c_str(),
+                result.type_url.c_str(), result.version.c_str(),
+                state.nonce.c_str(), state.status.ToString().c_str());
       }
-    }
-  }
-  // For any subscribed resource that is not present in the update,
-  // remove it from the cache and notify watchers that it does not exist.
-  for (const auto& a : lds_state.subscribed_resources) {
-    const std::string& authority_name = a.first;
-    for (const auto& p : a.second) {
-      const std::string& listener_name = p.first;
-      if (lds_update_map.find({authority_name, listener_name}) ==
-          lds_update_map.end()) {
-        ListenerState& listener_state =
-            xds_client()
-                ->authority_state_map_[authority_name]
-                .listener_map[listener_name];
-        // If the resource was newly requested but has not yet been received,
-        // we don't want to generate an error for the watchers, because this LDS
-        // response may be in reaction to an earlier request that did not yet
-        // request the new resource, so its absence from the response does not
-        // necessarily indicate that the resource does not exist.
-        // For that case, we rely on the request timeout instead.
-        if (!listener_state.update.has_value()) continue;
-        listener_state.update.reset();
-        for (const auto& p : listener_state.watchers) {
-          p.first->OnResourceDoesNotExist();
+      // Delete resources not seen in update if needed.
+      if (result.type->AllResourcesRequiredInSotW()) {
+        for (auto& a : xds_client()->authority_state_map_) {
+          const std::string& authority = a.first;
+          AuthorityState& authority_state = a.second;
+          // Skip authorities that are not using this xDS channel.
+          if (authority_state.channel_state != chand()) continue;
+          auto seen_authority_it = result.resources_seen.find(authority);
+          // Find this resource type.
+          auto type_it = authority_state.resource_map.find(result.type);
+          if (type_it == authority_state.resource_map.end()) continue;
+          // Iterate over resource ids.
+          for (auto& r : type_it->second) {
+            const XdsResourceKey& resource_key = r.first;
+            ResourceState& resource_state = r.second;
+            if (seen_authority_it == result.resources_seen.end() ||
+                seen_authority_it->second.find(resource_key) ==
+                    seen_authority_it->second.end()) {
+              // If the resource was newly requested but has not yet been
+              // received, we don't want to generate an error for the
+              // watchers, because this ADS response may be in reaction to an
+              // earlier request that did not yet request the new resource, so
+              // its absence from the response does not necessarily indicate
+              // that the resource does not exist.  For that case, we rely on
+              // the request timeout instead.
+              if (resource_state.resource == nullptr) continue;
+              if (chand()->server_.IgnoreResourceDeletion()) {
+                if (!resource_state.ignored_deletion) {
+                  gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
+                          "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: ignoring deletion "
+                          "for resource type %s name %s",
+                          xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri.c_str(),
+                          result.type_url.c_str(),
+                          XdsClient::ConstructFullXdsResourceName(
+                              authority, result.type_url.c_str(), resource_key)
+                              .c_str());
+                  resource_state.ignored_deletion = true;
+                }
+              } else {
+                resource_state.resource.reset();
+                xds_client()->NotifyWatchersOnResourceDoesNotExist(
+                    resource_state.watchers);
+              }
+            }
+          }
         }
       }
-    }
-  }
-  // For any RDS resource that is no longer referred to by any LDS
-  // resources, remove it from the cache and notify watchers that it
-  // does not exist.
-  auto& rds_state = state_map_[XdsApi::kRdsTypeUrl];
-  for (const auto& a : rds_state.subscribed_resources) {
-    const std::string& authority_name = a.first;
-    for (const auto& p : a.second) {
-      const std::string& listener_name = p.first;
-      if (rds_resource_names_seen.find(XdsApi::ConstructFullResourceName(
-              authority_name, XdsApi::kRdsTypeUrl, listener_name)) ==
-          rds_resource_names_seen.end()) {
-        RouteConfigState& route_config_state =
-            xds_client()
-                ->authority_state_map_[authority_name]
-                .route_config_map[listener_name];
-        route_config_state.update.reset();
-        for (const auto& p : route_config_state.watchers) {
-          p.first->OnResourceDoesNotExist();
+      // If we had valid resources, update the version.
+      if (result.have_valid_resources) {
+        chand()->resource_type_version_map_[result.type] =
+            std::move(result.version);
+        // Start load reporting if needed.
+        auto& lrs_call = chand()->lrs_calld_;
+        if (lrs_call != nullptr) {
+          LrsCallState* lrs_calld = lrs_call->calld();
+          if (lrs_calld != nullptr) lrs_calld->MaybeStartReportingLocked();
         }
       }
+      // Send ACK or NACK.
+      SendMessageLocked(result.type);
     }
   }
+  xds_client()->work_serializer_.DrainQueue();
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::AcceptRdsUpdateLocked(
-    std::string version, grpc_millis update_time,
-    XdsApi::RdsUpdateMap rds_update_map) {
-  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-    gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-            "[xds_client %p] RDS update received containing %" PRIuPTR
-            " resources",
-            xds_client(), rds_update_map.size());
-  }
-  auto& rds_state = state_map_[XdsApi::kRdsTypeUrl];
-  for (auto& p : rds_update_map) {
-    const XdsApi::ResourceName& resource = p.first;
-    XdsApi::RdsUpdate& rds_update = p.second.resource;
-    auto& state =
-        rds_state.subscribed_resources[resource.authority][resource.id];
-    if (state != nullptr) state->Finish();
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnStatusReceived(
+    absl::Status status) {
+  {
+    MutexLock lock(&xds_client()->mu_);
     if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] RDS resource:\n%s", xds_client(),
-              rds_update.ToString().c_str());
-    }
-    RouteConfigState& route_config_state =
-        xds_client()
-            ->authority_state_map_[resource.authority]
-            .route_config_map[resource.id];
-    // Ignore identical update.
-    if (route_config_state.update.has_value() &&
-        *route_config_state.update == rds_update) {
-      if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-        gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-                "[xds_client %p] RDS resource identical to current, ignoring",
-                xds_client());
-      }
-      continue;
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+              "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: ADS call status received "
+              "(chand=%p, ads_calld=%p, call=%p): %s",
+              xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri.c_str(), chand(), this,
+              call_.get(), status.ToString().c_str());
     }
-    // Update the cache.
-    route_config_state.update = std::move(rds_update);
-    route_config_state.meta = CreateResourceMetadataAcked(
-        std::move(p.second.serialized_proto), version, update_time);
-    // Notify all watchers.
-    for (const auto& p : route_config_state.watchers) {
-      p.first->OnRouteConfigChanged(*route_config_state.update);
+    // Ignore status from a stale call.
+    if (IsCurrentCallOnChannel()) {
+      // Try to restart the call.
+      parent_->OnCallFinishedLocked();
+      // Send error to all watchers.
+      xds_client()->NotifyOnErrorLocked(absl::UnavailableError(absl::StrFormat(
+          "xDS call failed: xDS server: %s, ADS call status: %s",
+          chand()->server_.server_uri, status.ToString().c_str())));
     }
   }
+  xds_client()->work_serializer_.DrainQueue();
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::AcceptCdsUpdateLocked(
-    std::string version, grpc_millis update_time,
-    XdsApi::CdsUpdateMap cds_update_map,
-    const std::set<XdsApi::ResourceName>& resource_names_failed) {
-  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-    gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-            "[xds_client %p] CDS update received containing %" PRIuPTR
-            " resources",
-            xds_client(), cds_update_map.size());
-  }
-  auto& cds_state = state_map_[XdsApi::kCdsTypeUrl];
-  std::set<std::string> eds_resource_names_seen;
-  for (auto& p : cds_update_map) {
-    const XdsApi::ResourceName& resource = p.first;
-    XdsApi::CdsUpdate& cds_update = p.second.resource;
-    auto& state =
-        cds_state.subscribed_resources[resource.authority][resource.id];
-    if (state != nullptr) state->Finish();
-    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] cluster=%s: %s", xds_client(),
-              XdsApi::ConstructFullResourceName(
-                  resource.authority, XdsApi::kCdsTypeUrl, resource.id)
-                  .c_str(),
-              cds_update.ToString().c_str());
-    }
-    // Record the EDS resource names seen.
-    eds_resource_names_seen.insert(
-        cds_update.eds_service_name.empty()
-            ? XdsApi::ConstructFullResourceName(
-                  resource.authority, XdsApi::kCdsTypeUrl, resource.id)
-            : cds_update.eds_service_name);
-    ClusterState& cluster_state = xds_client()
-                                      ->authority_state_map_[resource.authority]
-                                      .cluster_map[resource.id];
-    // Ignore identical update.
-    if (cluster_state.update.has_value() &&
-        *cluster_state.update == cds_update) {
-      if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-        gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-                "[xds_client %p] CDS update identical to current, ignoring.",
-                xds_client());
-      }
-      continue;
-    }
-    // Update the cluster state.
-    cluster_state.update = std::move(cds_update);
-    cluster_state.meta = CreateResourceMetadataAcked(
-        std::move(p.second.serialized_proto), version, update_time);
-    // Notify all watchers.
-    for (const auto& p : cluster_state.watchers) {
-      p.first->OnClusterChanged(cluster_state.update.value());
-    }
-  }
-  // For invalid resources in the update, if they are already in the
-  // cache, pretend that they are present in the update, so that we
-  // don't incorrectly consider them deleted below.
-  for (const auto& resource : resource_names_failed) {
-    auto& cluster_map =
-        xds_client()->authority_state_map_[resource.authority].cluster_map;
-    auto it = cluster_map.find(resource.id);
-    if (it != cluster_map.end()) {
-      auto& update = it->second.update;
-      if (!update.has_value()) continue;
-      cds_update_map[resource];
-      eds_resource_names_seen.insert(
-          update->eds_service_name.empty()
-              ? XdsApi::ConstructFullResourceName(
-                    resource.authority, XdsApi::kCdsTypeUrl, resource.id)
-              : update->eds_service_name);
-    }
-  }
-  // For any subscribed resource that is not present in the update,
-  // remove it from the cache and notify watchers that it does not exist.
-  for (const auto& a : cds_state.subscribed_resources) {
-    const std::string& authority = a.first;
-    for (const auto& p : a.second) {
-      const std::string& cluster_name = p.first;
-      if (cds_update_map.find({authority, cluster_name}) ==
-          cds_update_map.end()) {
-        ClusterState& cluster_state = xds_client()
-                                          ->authority_state_map_[authority]
-                                          .cluster_map[cluster_name];
-        // If the resource was newly requested but has not yet been received,
-        // we don't want to generate an error for the watchers, because this CDS
-        // response may be in reaction to an earlier request that did not yet
-        // request the new resource, so its absence from the response does not
-        // necessarily indicate that the resource does not exist.
-        // For that case, we rely on the request timeout instead.
-        if (!cluster_state.update.has_value()) continue;
-        cluster_state.update.reset();
-        for (const auto& p : cluster_state.watchers) {
-          p.first->OnResourceDoesNotExist();
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  // For any EDS resource that is no longer referred to by any CDS
-  // resources, remove it from the cache and notify watchers that it
-  // does not exist.
-  auto& eds_state = state_map_[XdsApi::kEdsTypeUrl];
-  for (const auto& a : eds_state.subscribed_resources) {
-    const std::string& authority = a.first;
-    for (const auto& p : a.second) {
-      const std::string& eds_resource_name = p.first;
-      if (eds_resource_names_seen.find(XdsApi::ConstructFullResourceName(
-              authority, XdsApi::kEdsTypeUrl, eds_resource_name)) ==
-          eds_resource_names_seen.end()) {
-        EndpointState& endpoint_state = xds_client()
-                                            ->authority_state_map_[authority]
-                                            .endpoint_map[eds_resource_name];
-        endpoint_state.update.reset();
-        for (const auto& p : endpoint_state.watchers) {
-          p.first->OnResourceDoesNotExist();
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::AcceptEdsUpdateLocked(
-    std::string version, grpc_millis update_time,
-    XdsApi::EdsUpdateMap eds_update_map) {
-  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-    gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-            "[xds_client %p] EDS update received containing %" PRIuPTR
-            " resources",
-            xds_client(), eds_update_map.size());
-  }
-  auto& eds_state = state_map_[XdsApi::kEdsTypeUrl];
-  for (auto& p : eds_update_map) {
-    const XdsApi::ResourceName& resource = p.first;
-    XdsApi::EdsUpdate& eds_update = p.second.resource;
-    auto& state =
-        eds_state.subscribed_resources[resource.authority][resource.id];
-    if (state != nullptr) state->Finish();
-    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] EDS resource %s: %s", xds_client(),
-              XdsApi::ConstructFullResourceName(
-                  resource.authority, XdsApi::kCdsTypeUrl, resource.id)
-                  .c_str(),
-              eds_update.ToString().c_str());
-    }
-    EndpointState& endpoint_state =
-        xds_client()
-            ->authority_state_map_[resource.authority]
-            .endpoint_map[resource.id];
-    // Ignore identical update.
-    if (endpoint_state.update.has_value() &&
-        *endpoint_state.update == eds_update) {
-      if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-        gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-                "[xds_client %p] EDS update identical to current, ignoring.",
-                xds_client());
-      }
-      continue;
-    }
-    // Update the cluster state.
-    endpoint_state.update = std::move(eds_update);
-    endpoint_state.meta = CreateResourceMetadataAcked(
-        std::move(p.second.serialized_proto), version, update_time);
-    // Notify all watchers.
-    for (const auto& p : endpoint_state.watchers) {
-      p.first->OnEndpointChanged(endpoint_state.update.value());
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-namespace {
-
-// Update resource_metadata for NACK.
-void UpdateResourceMetadataNacked(const std::string& version,
-                                  const std::string& details,
-                                  grpc_millis update_time,
-                                  XdsApi::ResourceMetadata* resource_metadata) {
-  resource_metadata->client_status = XdsApi::ResourceMetadata::NACKED;
-  resource_metadata->failed_version = version;
-  resource_metadata->failed_details = details;
-  resource_metadata->failed_update_time = update_time;
-}
-
-}  // namespace
-
-template <typename StateMap>
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::RejectAdsUpdateHelperLocked(
-    const std::string& resource_name, grpc_millis update_time,
-    const XdsApi::AdsParseResult& result, const std::string& error_details,
-    StateMap* state_map) {
-  auto it = state_map->find(resource_name);
-  if (it == state_map->end()) return;
-  auto& state = it->second;
-  for (const auto& p : state.watchers) {
-    p.first->OnError(GRPC_ERROR_REF(result.parse_error));
-  }
-  UpdateResourceMetadataNacked(result.version, error_details, update_time,
-                               &state.meta);
-}
-
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::RejectAdsUpdateLocked(
-    grpc_millis update_time, const XdsApi::AdsParseResult& result) {
-  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-    gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-            "[xds_client %p] %s update NACKed containing %" PRIuPTR
-            " invalid resources",
-            xds_client(), result.type_url.c_str(),
-            result.resource_names_failed.size());
-  }
-  std::string details = grpc_error_std_string(result.parse_error);
-  for (auto& resource : result.resource_names_failed) {
-    auto authority_it =
-        xds_client()->authority_state_map_.find(resource.authority);
-    if (authority_it == xds_client()->authority_state_map_.end()) continue;
-    AuthorityState& authority_state = authority_it->second;
-    if (result.type_url == XdsApi::kLdsTypeUrl) {
-      RejectAdsUpdateHelperLocked(resource.id, update_time, result, details,
-                                  &authority_state.listener_map);
-    } else if (result.type_url == XdsApi::kRdsTypeUrl) {
-      RejectAdsUpdateHelperLocked(resource.id, update_time, result, details,
-                                  &authority_state.route_config_map);
-    } else if (result.type_url == XdsApi::kCdsTypeUrl) {
-      RejectAdsUpdateHelperLocked(resource.id, update_time, result, details,
-                                  &authority_state.cluster_map);
-    } else if (result.type_url == XdsApi::kEdsTypeUrl) {
-      RejectAdsUpdateHelperLocked(resource.id, update_time, result, details,
-                                  &authority_state.endpoint_map);
-    } else {
-      GPR_ASSERT(0);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnRequestSent(
-    void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
-  AdsCallState* ads_calld = static_cast<AdsCallState*>(arg);
-  {
-    MutexLock lock(&ads_calld->xds_client()->mu_);
-    ads_calld->OnRequestSentLocked(GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-  }
-  ads_calld->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "ADS+OnRequestSentLocked");
-}
-
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnRequestSentLocked(
-    grpc_error_handle error) {
-  if (IsCurrentCallOnChannel() && error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-    // Clean up the sent message.
-    grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(send_message_payload_);
-    send_message_payload_ = nullptr;
-    // Continue to send another pending message if any.
-    // TODO(roth): The current code to handle buffered messages has the
-    // advantage of sending only the most recent list of resource names for
-    // each resource type (no matter how many times that resource type has
-    // been requested to send while the current message sending is still
-    // pending). But its disadvantage is that we send the requests in fixed
-    // order of resource types. We need to fix this if we are seeing some
-    // resource type(s) starved due to frequent requests of other resource
-    // type(s).
-    auto it = buffered_requests_.begin();
-    if (it != buffered_requests_.end()) {
-      SendMessageLocked(*it);
-      buffered_requests_.erase(it);
-    }
-  }
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
-}
-
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnResponseReceived(
-    void* arg, grpc_error_handle /* error */) {
-  AdsCallState* ads_calld = static_cast<AdsCallState*>(arg);
-  bool done;
-  {
-    MutexLock lock(&ads_calld->xds_client()->mu_);
-    done = ads_calld->OnResponseReceivedLocked();
-  }
-  if (done) ads_calld->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "ADS+OnResponseReceivedLocked");
-}
-
-bool XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnResponseReceivedLocked() {
-  // Empty payload means the call was cancelled.
-  if (!IsCurrentCallOnChannel() || recv_message_payload_ == nullptr) {
-    return true;
-  }
-  // Read the response.
-  grpc_byte_buffer_reader bbr;
-  grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init(&bbr, recv_message_payload_);
-  grpc_slice response_slice = grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall(&bbr);
-  grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy(&bbr);
-  grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(recv_message_payload_);
-  recv_message_payload_ = nullptr;
-  // Parse and validate the response.
-  XdsApi::AdsParseResult result = xds_client()->api_.ParseAdsResponse(
-      chand()->server_, response_slice,
-      ResourceNamesForRequest(XdsApi::kLdsTypeUrl),
-      ResourceNamesForRequest(XdsApi::kRdsTypeUrl),
-      ResourceNamesForRequest(XdsApi::kCdsTypeUrl),
-      ResourceNamesForRequest(XdsApi::kEdsTypeUrl));
-  grpc_slice_unref_internal(response_slice);
-  if (result.type_url.empty()) {
-    // Ignore unparsable response.
-    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
-            "[xds_client %p] Error parsing ADS response (%s) -- ignoring",
-            xds_client(), grpc_error_std_string(result.parse_error).c_str());
-    GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(result.parse_error);
-  } else {
-    grpc_millis update_time = grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Now();
-    // Update nonce.
-    auto& state = state_map_[result.type_url];
-    state.nonce = std::move(result.nonce);
-    // If we got an error, we'll NACK the update.
-    if (result.parse_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
-              "[xds_client %p] ADS response invalid for resource type %s "
-              "version %s, will NACK: nonce=%s error=%s",
-              xds_client(), result.type_url.c_str(), result.version.c_str(),
-              state.nonce.c_str(),
-              grpc_error_std_string(result.parse_error).c_str());
-      result.parse_error =
-          grpc_error_set_int(result.parse_error, GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS,
-                             GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE);
-      GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(state.error);
-      state.error = result.parse_error;
-      RejectAdsUpdateLocked(update_time, result);
-    }
-    // Process any valid resources.
-    bool have_valid_resources = false;
-    if (result.type_url == XdsApi::kLdsTypeUrl) {
-      have_valid_resources = !result.lds_update_map.empty();
-      AcceptLdsUpdateLocked(result.version, update_time,
-                            std::move(result.lds_update_map),
-                            result.resource_names_failed);
-    } else if (result.type_url == XdsApi::kRdsTypeUrl) {
-      have_valid_resources = !result.rds_update_map.empty();
-      AcceptRdsUpdateLocked(result.version, update_time,
-                            std::move(result.rds_update_map));
-    } else if (result.type_url == XdsApi::kCdsTypeUrl) {
-      have_valid_resources = !result.cds_update_map.empty();
-      AcceptCdsUpdateLocked(result.version, update_time,
-                            std::move(result.cds_update_map),
-                            result.resource_names_failed);
-    } else if (result.type_url == XdsApi::kEdsTypeUrl) {
-      have_valid_resources = !result.eds_update_map.empty();
-      AcceptEdsUpdateLocked(result.version, update_time,
-                            std::move(result.eds_update_map));
-    }
-    if (have_valid_resources) {
-      seen_response_ = true;
-      chand()->resource_type_version_map_[result.type_url] = result.version;
-      // Start load reporting if needed.
-      auto& lrs_call = chand()->lrs_calld_;
-      if (lrs_call != nullptr) {
-        LrsCallState* lrs_calld = lrs_call->calld();
-        if (lrs_calld != nullptr) lrs_calld->MaybeStartReportingLocked();
-      }
-    }
-    // Send ACK or NACK.
-    SendMessageLocked(result.type_url);
-  }
-  if (xds_client()->shutting_down_) return true;
-  // Keep listening for updates.
-  grpc_op op;
-  memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
-  op.op = GRPC_OP_RECV_MESSAGE;
-  op.data.recv_message.recv_message = &recv_message_payload_;
-  op.flags = 0;
-  op.reserved = nullptr;
-  GPR_ASSERT(call_ != nullptr);
-  // Reuse the "ADS+OnResponseReceivedLocked" ref taken in ctor.
-  const grpc_call_error call_error =
-      grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(call_, &op, 1, &on_response_received_);
-  GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
-  return false;
-}
-
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnStatusReceived(
-    void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
-  AdsCallState* ads_calld = static_cast<AdsCallState*>(arg);
-  {
-    MutexLock lock(&ads_calld->xds_client()->mu_);
-    ads_calld->OnStatusReceivedLocked(GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-  }
-  ads_calld->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "ADS+OnStatusReceivedLocked");
-}
-
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnStatusReceivedLocked(
-    grpc_error_handle error) {
-  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-    char* status_details = grpc_slice_to_c_string(status_details_);
-    gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-            "[xds_client %p] ADS call status received. Status = %d, details "
-            "= '%s', (chand: %p, ads_calld: %p, call: %p), error '%s'",
-            xds_client(), status_code_, status_details, chand(), this, call_,
-            grpc_error_std_string(error).c_str());
-    gpr_free(status_details);
-  }
-  // Ignore status from a stale call.
-  if (IsCurrentCallOnChannel()) {
-    // Try to restart the call.
-    parent_->OnCallFinishedLocked();
-    // Send error to all watchers.
-    xds_client()->NotifyOnErrorLocked(
-        GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING("xds call failed"));
-  }
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
-}
-
-bool XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::IsCurrentCallOnChannel() const {
-  // If the retryable ADS call is null (which only happens when the xds channel
-  // is shutting down), all the ADS calls are stale.
-  if (chand()->ads_calld_ == nullptr) return false;
-  return this == chand()->ads_calld_->calld();
-}
-
-std::map<absl::string_view /*authority*/, std::set<absl::string_view /*name*/>>
-XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::ResourceNamesForRequest(
-    const std::string& type_url) {
-  std::map<absl::string_view /*authority*/,
-           std::set<absl::string_view /*name*/>>
-      resource_map;
-  auto it = state_map_.find(type_url);
-  if (it != state_map_.end()) {
-    for (auto& a : it->second.subscribed_resources) {
-      for (auto& p : a.second) {
-        resource_map[a.first].insert(p.first);
-        OrphanablePtr<ResourceState>& state = p.second;
-        state->Start(Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "ResourceState"));
-      }
+bool XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::IsCurrentCallOnChannel() const {
+  // If the retryable ADS call is null (which only happens when the xds
+  // channel is shutting down), all the ADS calls are stale.
+  if (chand()->ads_calld_ == nullptr) return false;
+  return this == chand()->ads_calld_->calld();
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string>
+XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::ResourceNamesForRequest(
+    const XdsResourceType* type) {
+  std::vector<std::string> resource_names;
+  auto it = state_map_.find(type);
+  if (it != state_map_.end()) {
+    for (auto& a : it->second.subscribed_resources) {
+      const std::string& authority = a.first;
+      for (auto& p : a.second) {
+        const XdsResourceKey& resource_key = p.first;
+        resource_names.emplace_back(XdsClient::ConstructFullXdsResourceName(
+            authority, type->type_url(), resource_key));
+        OrphanablePtr<ResourceTimer>& resource_timer = p.second;
+        resource_timer->MaybeStartTimer(Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "ResourceTimer"));
+      }
     }
   }
-  return resource_map;
+  return resource_names;
 }
 
 //
@@ -1550,38 +1105,30 @@ XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::ResourceNamesForRequest(
 //
 
 void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter::Orphan() {
-  if (next_report_timer_callback_pending_) {
-    grpc_timer_cancel(&next_report_timer_);
+  if (timer_handle_.has_value() &&
+      GetDefaultEventEngine()->Cancel(*timer_handle_)) {
+    timer_handle_.reset();
+    Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "Orphan");
   }
 }
 
 void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter::
     ScheduleNextReportLocked() {
-  const grpc_millis next_report_time = ExecCtx::Get()->Now() + report_interval_;
-  grpc_timer_init(&next_report_timer_, next_report_time,
-                  &on_next_report_timer_);
-  next_report_timer_callback_pending_ = true;
-}
-
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter::OnNextReportTimer(
-    void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
-  Reporter* self = static_cast<Reporter*>(arg);
-  bool done;
-  {
-    MutexLock lock(&self->xds_client()->mu_);
-    done = self->OnNextReportTimerLocked(GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-  }
-  if (done) self->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "Reporter+timer");
+  timer_handle_ = GetDefaultEventEngine()->RunAfter(report_interval_, [this]() {
+    ApplicationCallbackExecCtx callback_exec_ctx;
+    ExecCtx exec_ctx;
+    if (OnNextReportTimer()) {
+      Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "OnNextReportTimer()");
+    }
+  });
 }
 
-bool XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter::OnNextReportTimerLocked(
-    grpc_error_handle error) {
-  next_report_timer_callback_pending_ = false;
-  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE || !IsCurrentReporterOnCall()) {
-    GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
-    return true;
-  }
-  return SendReportLocked();
+bool XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter::OnNextReportTimer() {
+  MutexLock lock(&xds_client()->mu_);
+  timer_handle_.reset();
+  if (!IsCurrentReporterOnCall()) return true;
+  SendReportLocked();
+  return false;
 }
 
 namespace {
@@ -1603,74 +1150,52 @@ bool LoadReportCountersAreZero(const XdsApi::ClusterLoadReportMap& snapshot) {
 bool XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter::SendReportLocked() {
   // Construct snapshot from all reported stats.
   XdsApi::ClusterLoadReportMap snapshot =
-      xds_client()->BuildLoadReportSnapshotLocked(parent_->send_all_clusters_,
+      xds_client()->BuildLoadReportSnapshotLocked(parent_->chand()->server_,
+                                                  parent_->send_all_clusters_,
                                                   parent_->cluster_names_);
   // Skip client load report if the counters were all zero in the last
   // report and they are still zero in this one.
   const bool old_val = last_report_counters_were_zero_;
   last_report_counters_were_zero_ = LoadReportCountersAreZero(snapshot);
   if (old_val && last_report_counters_were_zero_) {
-    if (xds_client()->load_report_map_.empty()) {
-      parent_->chand()->StopLrsCall();
+    auto it = xds_client()->xds_load_report_server_map_.find(
+        parent_->chand()->server_);
+    if (it == xds_client()->xds_load_report_server_map_.end() ||
+        it->second.load_report_map.empty()) {
+      it->second.channel_state->StopLrsCallLocked();
       return true;
     }
     ScheduleNextReportLocked();
     return false;
   }
-  // Create a request that contains the snapshot.
-  grpc_slice request_payload_slice =
+  // Send a request that contains the snapshot.
+  std::string serialized_payload =
       xds_client()->api_.CreateLrsRequest(std::move(snapshot));
-  parent_->send_message_payload_ =
-      grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create(&request_payload_slice, 1);
-  grpc_slice_unref_internal(request_payload_slice);
-  // Send the report.
-  grpc_op op;
-  memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
-  op.op = GRPC_OP_SEND_MESSAGE;
-  op.data.send_message.send_message = parent_->send_message_payload_;
-  grpc_call_error call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(
-      parent_->call_, &op, 1, &on_report_done_);
-  if (GPR_UNLIKELY(call_error != GRPC_CALL_OK)) {
-    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
-            "[xds_client %p] calld=%p call_error=%d sending client load report",
-            xds_client(), this, call_error);
-    GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
-  }
+  parent_->call_->SendMessage(std::move(serialized_payload));
+  parent_->send_message_pending_ = true;
   return false;
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter::OnReportDone(
-    void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
-  Reporter* self = static_cast<Reporter*>(arg);
-  bool done;
-  {
-    MutexLock lock(&self->xds_client()->mu_);
-    done = self->OnReportDoneLocked(GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-  }
-  if (done) self->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "Reporter+report_done");
-}
-
-bool XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter::OnReportDoneLocked(
-    grpc_error_handle error) {
-  grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(parent_->send_message_payload_);
-  parent_->send_message_payload_ = nullptr;
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter::OnReportDoneLocked() {
+  // If a reporter starts a send_message op, then the reporting interval
+  // changes and we destroy that reporter and create a new one, and then
+  // the send_message op started by the old reporter finishes, this
+  // method will be called even though it was for a completion started
+  // by the old reporter.  In that case, the timer will be pending, so
+  // we just ignore the completion and wait for the timer to fire.
+  if (timer_handle_.has_value()) return;
   // If there are no more registered stats to report, cancel the call.
-  if (xds_client()->load_report_map_.empty()) {
-    parent_->chand()->StopLrsCall();
-    GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
-    return true;
-  }
-  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE || !IsCurrentReporterOnCall()) {
-    GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
-    // If this reporter is no longer the current one on the call, the reason
-    // might be that it was orphaned for a new one due to config update.
-    if (!IsCurrentReporterOnCall()) {
-      parent_->MaybeStartReportingLocked();
+  auto it =
+      xds_client()->xds_load_report_server_map_.find(parent_->chand()->server_);
+  if (it == xds_client()->xds_load_report_server_map_.end()) return;
+  if (it->second.load_report_map.empty()) {
+    if (it->second.channel_state != nullptr) {
+      it->second.channel_state->StopLrsCallLocked();
     }
-    return true;
+    return;
   }
+  // Otherwise, schedule the next load report.
   ScheduleNextReportLocked();
-  return false;
 }
 
 //
@@ -1688,123 +1213,46 @@ XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::LrsCallState(
   // activity in xds_client()->interested_parties_, which is comprised of
   // the polling entities from client_channel.
   GPR_ASSERT(xds_client() != nullptr);
-  const auto& method =
-      chand()->server_.ShouldUseV3()
-          ? GRPC_MDSTR_SLASH_ENVOY_DOT_SERVICE_DOT_LOAD_STATS_DOT_V3_DOT_LOADREPORTINGSERVICE_SLASH_STREAMLOADSTATS
-          : GRPC_MDSTR_SLASH_ENVOY_DOT_SERVICE_DOT_LOAD_STATS_DOT_V2_DOT_LOADREPORTINGSERVICE_SLASH_STREAMLOADSTATS;
-  call_ = grpc_channel_create_pollset_set_call(
-      chand()->channel_, nullptr, GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEFAULTS,
-      xds_client()->interested_parties_, method, nullptr,
-      GRPC_MILLIS_INF_FUTURE, nullptr);
+  const char* method = chand()->server_.ShouldUseV3()
+                           ? "/envoy.service.load_stats.v3."
+                             "LoadReportingService/StreamLoadStats"
+                           : "/envoy.service.load_stats.v2."
+                             "LoadReportingService/StreamLoadStats";
+  call_ = chand()->transport_->CreateStreamingCall(
+      method, absl::make_unique<StreamEventHandler>(
+                  // Passing the initial ref here.  This ref will go away when
+                  // the StreamEventHandler is destroyed.
+                  RefCountedPtr<LrsCallState>(this)));
   GPR_ASSERT(call_ != nullptr);
-  // Init the request payload.
-  grpc_slice request_payload_slice =
-      xds_client()->api_.CreateLrsInitialRequest(chand()->server_);
-  send_message_payload_ =
-      grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create(&request_payload_slice, 1);
-  grpc_slice_unref_internal(request_payload_slice);
-  // Init other data associated with the LRS call.
-  grpc_metadata_array_init(&initial_metadata_recv_);
-  grpc_metadata_array_init(&trailing_metadata_recv_);
   // Start the call.
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-            "[xds_client %p] Starting LRS call (chand: %p, calld: %p, "
-            "call: %p)",
-            xds_client(), chand(), this, call_);
-  }
-  // Create the ops.
-  grpc_call_error call_error;
-  grpc_op ops[3];
-  memset(ops, 0, sizeof(ops));
-  // Op: send initial metadata.
-  grpc_op* op = ops;
-  op->op = GRPC_OP_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA;
-  op->data.send_initial_metadata.count = 0;
-  op->flags = GRPC_INITIAL_METADATA_WAIT_FOR_READY |
-              GRPC_INITIAL_METADATA_WAIT_FOR_READY_EXPLICITLY_SET;
-  op->reserved = nullptr;
-  op++;
-  // Op: send request message.
-  GPR_ASSERT(send_message_payload_ != nullptr);
-  op->op = GRPC_OP_SEND_MESSAGE;
-  op->data.send_message.send_message = send_message_payload_;
-  op->flags = 0;
-  op->reserved = nullptr;
-  op++;
-  Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "LRS+OnInitialRequestSentLocked").release();
-  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&on_initial_request_sent_, OnInitialRequestSent, this,
-                    grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
-  call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(
-      call_, ops, static_cast<size_t>(op - ops), &on_initial_request_sent_);
-  GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
-  // Op: recv initial metadata.
-  op = ops;
-  op->op = GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA;
-  op->data.recv_initial_metadata.recv_initial_metadata =
-      &initial_metadata_recv_;
-  op->flags = 0;
-  op->reserved = nullptr;
-  op++;
-  // Op: recv response.
-  op->op = GRPC_OP_RECV_MESSAGE;
-  op->data.recv_message.recv_message = &recv_message_payload_;
-  op->flags = 0;
-  op->reserved = nullptr;
-  op++;
-  Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "LRS+OnResponseReceivedLocked").release();
-  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&on_response_received_, OnResponseReceived, this,
-                    grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
-  call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(
-      call_, ops, static_cast<size_t>(op - ops), &on_response_received_);
-  GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
-  // Op: recv server status.
-  op = ops;
-  op->op = GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT;
-  op->data.recv_status_on_client.trailing_metadata = &trailing_metadata_recv_;
-  op->data.recv_status_on_client.status = &status_code_;
-  op->data.recv_status_on_client.status_details = &status_details_;
-  op->flags = 0;
-  op->reserved = nullptr;
-  op++;
-  // This callback signals the end of the call, so it relies on the initial
-  // ref instead of a new ref. When it's invoked, it's the initial ref that is
-  // unreffed.
-  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&on_status_received_, OnStatusReceived, this,
-                    grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
-  call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(
-      call_, ops, static_cast<size_t>(op - ops), &on_status_received_);
-  GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
-}
-
-XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::~LrsCallState() {
-  grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&initial_metadata_recv_);
-  grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&trailing_metadata_recv_);
-  grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(send_message_payload_);
-  grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(recv_message_payload_);
-  grpc_slice_unref_internal(status_details_);
-  GPR_ASSERT(call_ != nullptr);
-  grpc_call_unref(call_);
+            "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: starting LRS call (calld=%p, "
+            "call=%p)",
+            xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri.c_str(), this,
+            call_.get());
+  }
+  // Send the initial request.
+  std::string serialized_payload =
+      xds_client()->api_.CreateLrsInitialRequest(chand()->server_);
+  call_->SendMessage(std::move(serialized_payload));
+  send_message_pending_ = true;
 }
 
 void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Orphan() {
   reporter_.reset();
-  GPR_ASSERT(call_ != nullptr);
-  // If we are here because xds_client wants to cancel the call,
-  // on_status_received_ will complete the cancellation and clean up. Otherwise,
-  // we are here because xds_client has to orphan a failed call, then the
-  // following cancellation will be a no-op.
-  grpc_call_cancel_internal(call_);
-  // Note that the initial ref is hold by on_status_received_. So the
-  // corresponding unref happens in on_status_received_ instead of here.
+  // Note that the initial ref is held by the StreamEventHandler, which
+  // will be destroyed when call_ is destroyed, which may not happen
+  // here, since there may be other refs held to call_ by internal callbacks.
+  call_.reset();
 }
 
 void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::MaybeStartReportingLocked() {
   // Don't start again if already started.
   if (reporter_ != nullptr) return;
-  // Don't start if the previous send_message op (of the initial request or the
-  // last report of the previous reporter) hasn't completed.
-  if (send_message_payload_ != nullptr) return;
+  // Don't start if the previous send_message op (of the initial request or
+  // the last report of the previous reporter) hasn't completed.
+  if (call_ != nullptr && send_message_pending_) return;
   // Don't start if no LRS response has arrived.
   if (!seen_response()) return;
   // Don't start if the ADS call hasn't received any valid response. Note that
@@ -1820,160 +1268,105 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::MaybeStartReportingLocked() {
       Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "LRS+load_report+start"), load_reporting_interval_);
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnInitialRequestSent(
-    void* arg, grpc_error_handle /*error*/) {
-  LrsCallState* lrs_calld = static_cast<LrsCallState*>(arg);
-  {
-    MutexLock lock(&lrs_calld->xds_client()->mu_);
-    lrs_calld->OnInitialRequestSentLocked();
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnRequestSent(bool /*ok*/) {
+  MutexLock lock(&xds_client()->mu_);
+  send_message_pending_ = false;
+  if (reporter_ != nullptr) {
+    reporter_->OnReportDoneLocked();
+  } else {
+    MaybeStartReportingLocked();
   }
-  lrs_calld->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "LRS+OnInitialRequestSentLocked");
-}
-
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnInitialRequestSentLocked() {
-  // Clear the send_message_payload_.
-  grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(send_message_payload_);
-  send_message_payload_ = nullptr;
-  MaybeStartReportingLocked();
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnResponseReceived(
-    void* arg, grpc_error_handle /*error*/) {
-  LrsCallState* lrs_calld = static_cast<LrsCallState*>(arg);
-  bool done;
-  {
-    MutexLock lock(&lrs_calld->xds_client()->mu_);
-    done = lrs_calld->OnResponseReceivedLocked();
-  }
-  if (done) lrs_calld->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "LRS+OnResponseReceivedLocked");
-}
-
-bool XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnResponseReceivedLocked() {
-  // Empty payload means the call was cancelled.
-  if (!IsCurrentCallOnChannel() || recv_message_payload_ == nullptr) {
-    return true;
-  }
-  // Read the response.
-  grpc_byte_buffer_reader bbr;
-  grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init(&bbr, recv_message_payload_);
-  grpc_slice response_slice = grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall(&bbr);
-  grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy(&bbr);
-  grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(recv_message_payload_);
-  recv_message_payload_ = nullptr;
-  // This anonymous lambda is a hack to avoid the usage of goto.
-  [&]() {
-    // Parse the response.
-    bool send_all_clusters = false;
-    std::set<std::string> new_cluster_names;
-    grpc_millis new_load_reporting_interval;
-    grpc_error_handle parse_error = xds_client()->api_.ParseLrsResponse(
-        response_slice, &send_all_clusters, &new_cluster_names,
-        &new_load_reporting_interval);
-    if (parse_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
-              "[xds_client %p] LRS response parsing failed. error=%s",
-              xds_client(), grpc_error_std_string(parse_error).c_str());
-      GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(parse_error);
-      return;
-    }
-    seen_response_ = true;
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnRecvMessage(
+    absl::string_view payload) {
+  MutexLock lock(&xds_client()->mu_);
+  // If we're no longer the current call, ignore the result.
+  if (!IsCurrentCallOnChannel()) return;
+  // Parse the response.
+  bool send_all_clusters = false;
+  std::set<std::string> new_cluster_names;
+  Duration new_load_reporting_interval;
+  absl::Status status = xds_client()->api_.ParseLrsResponse(
+      payload, &send_all_clusters, &new_cluster_names,
+      &new_load_reporting_interval);
+  if (!status.ok()) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
+            "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: LRS response parsing failed: %s",
+            xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri.c_str(),
+            status.ToString().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+  seen_response_ = true;
+  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(
+        GPR_INFO,
+        "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: LRS response received, %" PRIuPTR
+        " cluster names, send_all_clusters=%d, load_report_interval=%" PRId64
+        "ms",
+        xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri.c_str(),
+        new_cluster_names.size(), send_all_clusters,
+        new_load_reporting_interval.millis());
+    size_t i = 0;
+    for (const auto& name : new_cluster_names) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] cluster_name %" PRIuPTR ": %s",
+              xds_client(), i++, name.c_str());
+    }
+  }
+  if (new_load_reporting_interval <
+      Duration::Milliseconds(GRPC_XDS_MIN_CLIENT_LOAD_REPORTING_INTERVAL_MS)) {
+    new_load_reporting_interval =
+        Duration::Milliseconds(GRPC_XDS_MIN_CLIENT_LOAD_REPORTING_INTERVAL_MS);
     if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-      gpr_log(
-          GPR_INFO,
-          "[xds_client %p] LRS response received, %" PRIuPTR
-          " cluster names, send_all_clusters=%d, load_report_interval=%" PRId64
-          "ms",
-          xds_client(), new_cluster_names.size(), send_all_clusters,
-          new_load_reporting_interval);
-      size_t i = 0;
-      for (const auto& name : new_cluster_names) {
-        gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] cluster_name %" PRIuPTR ": %s",
-                xds_client(), i++, name.c_str());
-      }
-    }
-    if (new_load_reporting_interval <
-        GRPC_XDS_MIN_CLIENT_LOAD_REPORTING_INTERVAL_MS) {
-      new_load_reporting_interval =
-          GRPC_XDS_MIN_CLIENT_LOAD_REPORTING_INTERVAL_MS;
-      if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-        gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-                "[xds_client %p] Increased load_report_interval to minimum "
-                "value %dms",
-                xds_client(), GRPC_XDS_MIN_CLIENT_LOAD_REPORTING_INTERVAL_MS);
-      }
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+              "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: increased load_report_interval "
+              "to minimum value %dms",
+              xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri.c_str(),
+              GRPC_XDS_MIN_CLIENT_LOAD_REPORTING_INTERVAL_MS);
     }
-    // Ignore identical update.
-    if (send_all_clusters == send_all_clusters_ &&
-        cluster_names_ == new_cluster_names &&
-        load_reporting_interval_ == new_load_reporting_interval) {
-      if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-        gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-                "[xds_client %p] Incoming LRS response identical to current, "
-                "ignoring.",
-                xds_client());
-      }
-      return;
+  }
+  // Ignore identical update.
+  if (send_all_clusters == send_all_clusters_ &&
+      cluster_names_ == new_cluster_names &&
+      load_reporting_interval_ == new_load_reporting_interval) {
+    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+              "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: incoming LRS response identical "
+              "to current, ignoring.",
+              xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri.c_str());
     }
-    // Stop current load reporting (if any) to adopt the new config.
-    reporter_.reset();
-    // Record the new config.
-    send_all_clusters_ = send_all_clusters;
-    cluster_names_ = std::move(new_cluster_names);
-    load_reporting_interval_ = new_load_reporting_interval;
-    // Try starting sending load report.
-    MaybeStartReportingLocked();
-  }();
-  grpc_slice_unref_internal(response_slice);
-  if (xds_client()->shutting_down_) return true;
-  // Keep listening for LRS config updates.
-  grpc_op op;
-  memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
-  op.op = GRPC_OP_RECV_MESSAGE;
-  op.data.recv_message.recv_message = &recv_message_payload_;
-  op.flags = 0;
-  op.reserved = nullptr;
-  GPR_ASSERT(call_ != nullptr);
-  // Reuse the "OnResponseReceivedLocked" ref taken in ctor.
-  const grpc_call_error call_error =
-      grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(call_, &op, 1, &on_response_received_);
-  GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
-  return false;
-}
-
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnStatusReceived(
-    void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
-  LrsCallState* lrs_calld = static_cast<LrsCallState*>(arg);
-  {
-    MutexLock lock(&lrs_calld->xds_client()->mu_);
-    lrs_calld->OnStatusReceivedLocked(GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+    return;
   }
-  lrs_calld->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "LRS+OnStatusReceivedLocked");
+  // Stop current load reporting (if any) to adopt the new config.
+  reporter_.reset();
+  // Record the new config.
+  send_all_clusters_ = send_all_clusters;
+  cluster_names_ = std::move(new_cluster_names);
+  load_reporting_interval_ = new_load_reporting_interval;
+  // Try starting sending load report.
+  MaybeStartReportingLocked();
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnStatusReceivedLocked(
-    grpc_error_handle error) {
-  GPR_ASSERT(call_ != nullptr);
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnStatusReceived(
+    absl::Status status) {
+  MutexLock lock(&xds_client()->mu_);
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-    char* status_details = grpc_slice_to_c_string(status_details_);
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-            "[xds_client %p] LRS call status received. Status = %d, details "
-            "= '%s', (chand: %p, calld: %p, call: %p), error '%s'",
-            xds_client(), status_code_, status_details, chand(), this, call_,
-            grpc_error_std_string(error).c_str());
-    gpr_free(status_details);
+            "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: LRS call status received "
+            "(chand=%p, calld=%p, call=%p): %s",
+            xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri.c_str(), chand(), this,
+            call_.get(), status.ToString().c_str());
   }
   // Ignore status from a stale call.
   if (IsCurrentCallOnChannel()) {
-    GPR_ASSERT(!xds_client()->shutting_down_);
     // Try to restart the call.
     parent_->OnCallFinishedLocked();
   }
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
 }
 
 bool XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::IsCurrentCallOnChannel() const {
-  // If the retryable LRS call is null (which only happens when the xds channel
-  // is shutting down), all the LRS calls are stale.
+  // If the retryable LRS call is null (which only happens when the xds
+  // channel is shutting down), all the LRS calls are stale.
   if (chand()->lrs_calld_ == nullptr) return false;
   return this == chand()->lrs_calld_->calld();
 }
@@ -1982,95 +1375,51 @@ bool XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::IsCurrentCallOnChannel() const {
 // XdsClient
 //
 
-namespace {
-
-grpc_millis GetRequestTimeout(const grpc_channel_args* args) {
-  return grpc_channel_args_find_integer(
-      args, GRPC_ARG_XDS_RESOURCE_DOES_NOT_EXIST_TIMEOUT_MS,
-      {15000, 0, INT_MAX});
-}
-
-grpc_channel_args* ModifyChannelArgs(const grpc_channel_args* args) {
-  absl::InlinedVector<grpc_arg, 1> args_to_add = {
-      grpc_channel_arg_integer_create(
-          const_cast<char*>(GRPC_ARG_KEEPALIVE_TIME_MS),
-          5 * 60 * GPR_MS_PER_SEC),
-  };
-  return grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add(args, args_to_add.data(),
-                                        args_to_add.size());
-}
-
-}  // namespace
-
 XdsClient::XdsClient(std::unique_ptr<XdsBootstrap> bootstrap,
-                     const grpc_channel_args* args)
+                     OrphanablePtr<XdsTransportFactory> transport_factory,
+                     Duration resource_request_timeout)
     : DualRefCounted<XdsClient>(
           GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_refcount_trace) ? "XdsClient"
                                                                   : nullptr),
       bootstrap_(std::move(bootstrap)),
-      args_(ModifyChannelArgs(args)),
-      request_timeout_(GetRequestTimeout(args)),
-      interested_parties_(grpc_pollset_set_create()),
-      certificate_provider_store_(MakeOrphanable<CertificateProviderStore>(
-          bootstrap_->certificate_providers())),
-      api_(this, &grpc_xds_client_trace, bootstrap_->node(),
-           &bootstrap_->certificate_providers()) {
+      transport_factory_(std::move(transport_factory)),
+      request_timeout_(resource_request_timeout),
+      xds_federation_enabled_(XdsFederationEnabled()),
+      api_(this, &grpc_xds_client_trace, bootstrap_->node(), &symtab_) {
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] creating xds client", this);
   }
-  // Calling grpc_init to ensure gRPC does not shut down until the XdsClient is
-  // destroyed.
-  grpc_init();
 }
 
 XdsClient::~XdsClient() {
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] destroying xds client", this);
   }
-  grpc_channel_args_destroy(args_);
-  grpc_pollset_set_destroy(interested_parties_);
-  // Calling grpc_shutdown to ensure gRPC does not shut down until the XdsClient
-  // is destroyed.
-  grpc_shutdown();
 }
 
 void XdsClient::Orphan() {
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] shutting down xds client", this);
   }
-  {
-    MutexLock lock(g_mu);
-    if (g_xds_client == this) g_xds_client = nullptr;
-  }
-  {
-    MutexLock lock(&mu_);
-    shutting_down_ = true;
-    // We do not clear cluster_map_ and endpoint_map_ if the xds client was
-    // created by the XdsResolver because the maps contain refs for watchers
-    // which in turn hold refs to the loadbalancing policies. At this point, it
-    // is possible for ADS calls to be in progress. Unreffing the loadbalancing
-    // policies before those calls are done would lead to issues such as
-    // https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/20928.
-    for (auto& a : authority_state_map_) {
-      a.second.channel_state.reset();
-      if (!a.second.listener_map.empty()) {
-        a.second.cluster_map.clear();
-        a.second.endpoint_map.clear();
-      }
-    }
-    // We clear these invalid resource  watchers as cancel never came.
-    invalid_listener_watchers_.clear();
-    invalid_route_config_watchers_.clear();
-    invalid_cluster_watchers_.clear();
-    invalid_endpoint_watchers_.clear();
+  MutexLock lock(&mu_);
+  shutting_down_ = true;
+  // Clear cache and any remaining watchers that may not have been cancelled.
+  authority_state_map_.clear();
+  invalid_watchers_.clear();
+  // We may still be sending lingering queued load report data, so don't
+  // just clear the load reporting map, but we do want to clear the refs
+  // we're holding to the ChannelState objects, to make sure that
+  // everything shuts down properly.
+  for (auto& p : xds_load_report_server_map_) {
+    p.second.channel_state.reset(DEBUG_LOCATION, "XdsClient::Orphan()");
   }
 }
 
 RefCountedPtr<XdsClient::ChannelState> XdsClient::GetOrCreateChannelStateLocked(
-    const XdsBootstrap::XdsServer& server) {
+    const XdsBootstrap::XdsServer& server, const char* reason) {
   auto it = xds_server_channel_map_.find(server);
   if (it != xds_server_channel_map_.end()) {
-    return it->second->Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "Authority");
+    return it->second->Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, reason);
   }
   // Channel not found, so create a new one.
   auto channel_state = MakeRefCounted<ChannelState>(
@@ -2079,297 +1428,247 @@ RefCountedPtr<XdsClient::ChannelState> XdsClient::GetOrCreateChannelStateLocked(
   return channel_state;
 }
 
-void XdsClient::WatchListenerData(
-    absl::string_view listener_name,
-    std::unique_ptr<ListenerWatcherInterface> watcher) {
-  std::string listener_name_str = std::string(listener_name);
-  MutexLock lock(&mu_);
-  ListenerWatcherInterface* w = watcher.get();
-  auto resource = XdsApi::ParseResourceName(listener_name, XdsApi::IsLds);
-  if (!resource.ok()) {
-    invalid_listener_watchers_[w] = std::move(watcher);
-    grpc_error_handle error = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_CPP_STRING(absl::StrFormat(
-        "Unable to parse resource name for listener %s", listener_name));
-    w->OnError(GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+void XdsClient::WatchResource(const XdsResourceType* type,
+                              absl::string_view name,
+                              RefCountedPtr<ResourceWatcherInterface> watcher) {
+  ResourceWatcherInterface* w = watcher.get();
+  // Lambda for handling failure cases.
+  auto fail = [&](absl::Status status) mutable {
+    {
+      MutexLock lock(&mu_);
+      MaybeRegisterResourceTypeLocked(type);
+      invalid_watchers_[w] = watcher;
+    }
+    work_serializer_.Run(
+        // TODO(yashykt): When we move to C++14, capture watcher using
+        // std::move()
+        [watcher, status]() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&work_serializer_) {
+          watcher->OnError(status);
+        },
+        DEBUG_LOCATION);
+  };
+  auto resource_name = ParseXdsResourceName(name, type);
+  if (!resource_name.ok()) {
+    fail(absl::UnavailableError(absl::StrFormat(
+        "Unable to parse resource name for listener %s", name)));
     return;
   }
-  AuthorityState& authority_state = authority_state_map_[resource->authority];
-  ListenerState& listener_state = authority_state.listener_map[resource->id];
-  listener_state.watchers[w] = std::move(watcher);
-  // If we've already received an LDS update, notify the new watcher
-  // immediately.
-  if (listener_state.update.has_value()) {
-    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] returning cached listener data for %s",
-              this, listener_name_str.c_str());
+  // Find server to use.
+  const XdsBootstrap::XdsServer* xds_server = nullptr;
+  absl::string_view authority_name = resource_name->authority;
+  if (absl::ConsumePrefix(&authority_name, "xdstp:")) {
+    auto* authority = bootstrap_->LookupAuthority(std::string(authority_name));
+    if (authority == nullptr) {
+      fail(absl::UnavailableError(
+          absl::StrCat("authority \"", authority_name,
+                       "\" not present in bootstrap config")));
+      return;
     }
-    w->OnListenerChanged(*listener_state.update);
-  }
-  // If the authority doesn't yet have a channel, set it, creating it if needed.
-  if (authority_state.channel_state == nullptr) {
-    authority_state.channel_state =
-        GetOrCreateChannelStateLocked(bootstrap_->server());
-  }
-  authority_state.channel_state->SubscribeLocked(XdsApi::kLdsTypeUrl,
-                                                 *resource);
-}
-
-void XdsClient::CancelListenerDataWatch(absl::string_view listener_name,
-                                        ListenerWatcherInterface* watcher,
-                                        bool delay_unsubscription) {
-  MutexLock lock(&mu_);
-  if (shutting_down_) return;
-  auto resource = XdsApi::ParseResourceName(listener_name, XdsApi::IsLds);
-  if (!resource.ok()) return;
-  auto& authority_state = authority_state_map_[resource->authority];
-  ListenerState& listener_state = authority_state.listener_map[resource->id];
-  auto it = listener_state.watchers.find(watcher);
-  if (it == listener_state.watchers.end()) {
-    invalid_listener_watchers_.erase(watcher);
-    return;
-  }
-  listener_state.watchers.erase(it);
-  if (!listener_state.watchers.empty()) return;
-  authority_state.listener_map.erase(resource->id);
-  xds_server_channel_map_[bootstrap_->server()]->UnsubscribeLocked(
-      XdsApi::kLdsTypeUrl, *resource, delay_unsubscription);
-  if (!authority_state.HasSubscribedResources()) {
-    authority_state.channel_state.reset();
-  }
-}
-
-void XdsClient::WatchRouteConfigData(
-    absl::string_view route_config_name,
-    std::unique_ptr<RouteConfigWatcherInterface> watcher) {
-  std::string route_config_name_str = std::string(route_config_name);
-  MutexLock lock(&mu_);
-  RouteConfigWatcherInterface* w = watcher.get();
-  auto resource = XdsApi::ParseResourceName(route_config_name, XdsApi::IsRds);
-  if (!resource.ok()) {
-    invalid_route_config_watchers_[w] = std::move(watcher);
-    grpc_error_handle error = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_CPP_STRING(
-        absl::StrFormat("Unable to parse resource name for route config %s",
-                        route_config_name));
-    w->OnError(GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-    return;
-  }
-  auto& authority_state = authority_state_map_[resource->authority];
-  RouteConfigState& route_config_state =
-      authority_state.route_config_map[resource->id];
-  route_config_state.watchers[w] = std::move(watcher);
-  // If we've already received an RDS update, notify the new watcher
-  // immediately.
-  if (route_config_state.update.has_value()) {
-    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-              "[xds_client %p] returning cached route config data for %s", this,
-              route_config_name_str.c_str());
+    if (!authority->xds_servers.empty()) {
+      xds_server = &authority->xds_servers[0];
     }
-    w->OnRouteConfigChanged(*route_config_state.update);
-  }
-  // If the authority doesn't yet have a channel, set it, creating it if needed.
-  if (authority_state.channel_state == nullptr) {
-    authority_state.channel_state =
-        GetOrCreateChannelStateLocked(bootstrap_->server());
   }
-  authority_state.channel_state->SubscribeLocked(XdsApi::kRdsTypeUrl,
-                                                 *resource);
-}
-
-void XdsClient::CancelRouteConfigDataWatch(absl::string_view route_config_name,
-                                           RouteConfigWatcherInterface* watcher,
-                                           bool delay_unsubscription) {
-  MutexLock lock(&mu_);
-  if (shutting_down_) return;
-  auto resource = XdsApi::ParseResourceName(route_config_name, XdsApi::IsRds);
-  if (!resource.ok()) return;
-  auto& authority_state = authority_state_map_[resource->authority];
-  RouteConfigState& route_config_state =
-      authority_state.route_config_map[resource->id];
-  auto it = route_config_state.watchers.find(watcher);
-  if (it == route_config_state.watchers.end()) {
-    invalid_route_config_watchers_.erase(watcher);
-    return;
-  }
-  route_config_state.watchers.erase(it);
-  if (!route_config_state.watchers.empty()) return;
-  authority_state.route_config_map.erase(resource->id);
-  xds_server_channel_map_[bootstrap_->server()]->UnsubscribeLocked(
-      XdsApi::kRdsTypeUrl, *resource, delay_unsubscription);
-  if (!authority_state.HasSubscribedResources()) {
-    authority_state.channel_state.reset();
-  }
-}
-
-void XdsClient::WatchClusterData(
-    absl::string_view cluster_name,
-    std::unique_ptr<ClusterWatcherInterface> watcher) {
-  std::string cluster_name_str = std::string(cluster_name);
-  MutexLock lock(&mu_);
-  ClusterWatcherInterface* w = watcher.get();
-  auto resource = XdsApi::ParseResourceName(cluster_name, XdsApi::IsCds);
-  if (!resource.ok()) {
-    invalid_cluster_watchers_[w] = std::move(watcher);
-    grpc_error_handle error = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_CPP_STRING(absl::StrFormat(
-        "Unable to parse resource name for cluster %s", cluster_name));
-    w->OnError(GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-    return;
-  }
-  auto& authority_state = authority_state_map_[resource->authority];
-  ClusterState& cluster_state = authority_state.cluster_map[resource->id];
-  cluster_state.watchers[w] = std::move(watcher);
-  // If we've already received a CDS update, notify the new watcher
-  // immediately.
-  if (cluster_state.update.has_value()) {
-    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] returning cached cluster data for %s",
-              this, cluster_name_str.c_str());
-    }
-    w->OnClusterChanged(cluster_state.update.value());
-  }
-  // If the authority doesn't yet have a channel, set it, creating it if needed.
-  if (authority_state.channel_state == nullptr) {
-    authority_state.channel_state =
-        GetOrCreateChannelStateLocked(bootstrap_->server());
-  }
-  authority_state.channel_state->SubscribeLocked(XdsApi::kCdsTypeUrl,
-                                                 *resource);
-}
-
-void XdsClient::CancelClusterDataWatch(absl::string_view cluster_name,
-                                       ClusterWatcherInterface* watcher,
-                                       bool delay_unsubscription) {
-  MutexLock lock(&mu_);
-  if (shutting_down_) return;
-  auto resource = XdsApi::ParseResourceName(cluster_name, XdsApi::IsCds);
-  if (!resource.ok()) return;
-  auto& authority_state = authority_state_map_[resource->authority];
-  ClusterState& cluster_state = authority_state.cluster_map[resource->id];
-  auto it = cluster_state.watchers.find(watcher);
-  if (it == cluster_state.watchers.end()) {
-    invalid_cluster_watchers_.erase(watcher);
-    return;
-  }
-  cluster_state.watchers.erase(it);
-  if (!cluster_state.watchers.empty()) return;
-  authority_state.cluster_map.erase(resource->id);
-  xds_server_channel_map_[bootstrap_->server()]->UnsubscribeLocked(
-      XdsApi::kCdsTypeUrl, *resource, delay_unsubscription);
-  if (!authority_state.HasSubscribedResources()) {
-    authority_state.channel_state.reset();
-  }
-}
-
-void XdsClient::WatchEndpointData(
-    absl::string_view eds_service_name,
-    std::unique_ptr<EndpointWatcherInterface> watcher) {
-  std::string eds_service_name_str = std::string(eds_service_name);
+  if (xds_server == nullptr) xds_server = &bootstrap_->server();
+  {
+    MutexLock lock(&mu_);
+    MaybeRegisterResourceTypeLocked(type);
+    AuthorityState& authority_state =
+        authority_state_map_[resource_name->authority];
+    ResourceState& resource_state =
+        authority_state.resource_map[type][resource_name->key];
+    resource_state.watchers[w] = watcher;
+    // If we already have a cached value for the resource, notify the new
+    // watcher immediately.
+    if (resource_state.resource != nullptr) {
+      if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+                "[xds_client %p] returning cached listener data for %s", this,
+                std::string(name).c_str());
+      }
+      auto* value = type->CopyResource(resource_state.resource.get()).release();
+      work_serializer_.Schedule(
+          [watcher, value]() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&work_serializer_) {
+            watcher->OnGenericResourceChanged(value);
+            delete value;
+          },
+          DEBUG_LOCATION);
+    }
+    // If the authority doesn't yet have a channel, set it, creating it if
+    // needed.
+    if (authority_state.channel_state == nullptr) {
+      authority_state.channel_state =
+          GetOrCreateChannelStateLocked(*xds_server, "start watch");
+    }
+    authority_state.channel_state->SubscribeLocked(type, *resource_name);
+  }
+  work_serializer_.DrainQueue();
+}
+
+void XdsClient::CancelResourceWatch(const XdsResourceType* type,
+                                    absl::string_view name,
+                                    ResourceWatcherInterface* watcher,
+                                    bool delay_unsubscription) {
+  auto resource_name = ParseXdsResourceName(name, type);
   MutexLock lock(&mu_);
-  EndpointWatcherInterface* w = watcher.get();
-  auto resource = XdsApi::ParseResourceName(eds_service_name, XdsApi::IsEds);
-  if (!resource.ok()) {
-    invalid_endpoint_watchers_[w] = std::move(watcher);
-    grpc_error_handle error = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_CPP_STRING(
-        absl::StrFormat("Unable to parse resource name for endpoint service %s",
-                        eds_service_name));
-    w->OnError(GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-    return;
-  }
-  auto& authority_state = authority_state_map_[resource->authority];
-  EndpointState& endpoint_state = authority_state.endpoint_map[resource->id];
-  endpoint_state.watchers[w] = std::move(watcher);
-  // If we've already received an EDS update, notify the new watcher
-  // immediately.
-  if (endpoint_state.update.has_value()) {
-    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] returning cached endpoint data for %s",
-              this, eds_service_name_str.c_str());
+  // We cannot be sure whether the watcher is in invalid_watchers_ or in
+  // authority_state_map_, so we check both, just to be safe.
+  invalid_watchers_.erase(watcher);
+  // Find authority.
+  if (!resource_name.ok()) return;
+  auto authority_it = authority_state_map_.find(resource_name->authority);
+  if (authority_it == authority_state_map_.end()) return;
+  AuthorityState& authority_state = authority_it->second;
+  // Find type map.
+  auto type_it = authority_state.resource_map.find(type);
+  if (type_it == authority_state.resource_map.end()) return;
+  auto& type_map = type_it->second;
+  // Find resource key.
+  auto resource_it = type_map.find(resource_name->key);
+  if (resource_it == type_map.end()) return;
+  ResourceState& resource_state = resource_it->second;
+  // Remove watcher.
+  resource_state.watchers.erase(watcher);
+  // Clean up empty map entries, if any.
+  if (resource_state.watchers.empty()) {
+    if (resource_state.ignored_deletion) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+              "[xds_client %p] unsubscribing from a resource for which we "
+              "previously ignored a deletion: type %s name %s",
+              this, std::string(type->type_url()).c_str(),
+              std::string(name).c_str());
+    }
+    authority_state.channel_state->UnsubscribeLocked(type, *resource_name,
+                                                     delay_unsubscription);
+    type_map.erase(resource_it);
+    if (type_map.empty()) {
+      authority_state.resource_map.erase(type_it);
+      if (authority_state.resource_map.empty()) {
+        authority_state.channel_state.reset();
+      }
     }
-    w->OnEndpointChanged(endpoint_state.update.value());
   }
-  // If the authority doesn't yet have a channel, set it, creating it if needed.
-  if (authority_state.channel_state == nullptr) {
-    authority_state.channel_state =
-        GetOrCreateChannelStateLocked(bootstrap_->server());
-  }
-  authority_state.channel_state->SubscribeLocked(XdsApi::kEdsTypeUrl,
-                                                 *resource);
 }
 
-void XdsClient::CancelEndpointDataWatch(absl::string_view eds_service_name,
-                                        EndpointWatcherInterface* watcher,
-                                        bool delay_unsubscription) {
-  MutexLock lock(&mu_);
-  if (shutting_down_) return;
-  auto resource = XdsApi::ParseResourceName(eds_service_name, XdsApi::IsEds);
-  if (!resource.ok()) return;
-  auto& authority_state = authority_state_map_[resource->authority];
-  EndpointState& endpoint_state = authority_state.endpoint_map[resource->id];
-  auto it = endpoint_state.watchers.find(watcher);
-  if (it == endpoint_state.watchers.end()) {
-    invalid_endpoint_watchers_.erase(watcher);
+void XdsClient::MaybeRegisterResourceTypeLocked(
+    const XdsResourceType* resource_type) {
+  auto it = resource_types_.find(resource_type->type_url());
+  if (it != resource_types_.end()) {
+    GPR_ASSERT(it->second == resource_type);
     return;
   }
-  endpoint_state.watchers.erase(it);
-  if (!endpoint_state.watchers.empty()) return;
-  authority_state.endpoint_map.erase(resource->id);
-  xds_server_channel_map_[bootstrap_->server()]->UnsubscribeLocked(
-      XdsApi::kEdsTypeUrl, *resource, delay_unsubscription);
-  if (!authority_state.HasSubscribedResources()) {
-    authority_state.channel_state.reset();
-  }
+  resource_types_.emplace(resource_type->type_url(), resource_type);
+  v2_resource_types_.emplace(resource_type->v2_type_url(), resource_type);
+  resource_type->InitUpbSymtab(symtab_.ptr());
+}
+
+const XdsResourceType* XdsClient::GetResourceTypeLocked(
+    absl::string_view resource_type) {
+  auto it = resource_types_.find(resource_type);
+  if (it != resource_types_.end()) return it->second;
+  auto it2 = v2_resource_types_.find(resource_type);
+  if (it2 != v2_resource_types_.end()) return it2->second;
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+absl::StatusOr<XdsClient::XdsResourceName> XdsClient::ParseXdsResourceName(
+    absl::string_view name, const XdsResourceType* type) {
+  // Old-style names use the empty string for authority.
+  // authority is prefixed with "old:" to indicate that it's an old-style
+  // name.
+  if (!xds_federation_enabled_ || !absl::StartsWith(name, "xdstp:")) {
+    return XdsResourceName{"old:", {std::string(name), {}}};
+  }
+  // New style name.  Parse URI.
+  auto uri = URI::Parse(name);
+  if (!uri.ok()) return uri.status();
+  // Split the resource type off of the path to get the id.
+  std::pair<absl::string_view, absl::string_view> path_parts = absl::StrSplit(
+      absl::StripPrefix(uri->path(), "/"), absl::MaxSplits('/', 1));
+  if (!type->IsType(path_parts.first, nullptr)) {
+    return absl::InvalidArgumentError(
+        "xdstp URI path must indicate valid xDS resource type");
+  }
+  // Canonicalize order of query params.
+  std::vector<URI::QueryParam> query_params;
+  for (const auto& p : uri->query_parameter_map()) {
+    query_params.emplace_back(
+        URI::QueryParam{std::string(p.first), std::string(p.second)});
+  }
+  return XdsResourceName{
+      absl::StrCat("xdstp:", uri->authority()),
+      {std::string(path_parts.second), std::move(query_params)}};
+}
+
+std::string XdsClient::ConstructFullXdsResourceName(
+    absl::string_view authority, absl::string_view resource_type,
+    const XdsResourceKey& key) {
+  if (absl::ConsumePrefix(&authority, "xdstp:")) {
+    auto uri = URI::Create("xdstp", std::string(authority),
+                           absl::StrCat("/", resource_type, "/", key.id),
+                           key.query_params, /*fragment=*/"");
+    GPR_ASSERT(uri.ok());
+    return uri->ToString();
+  }
+  // Old-style name.
+  return key.id;
 }
 
 RefCountedPtr<XdsClusterDropStats> XdsClient::AddClusterDropStats(
-    absl::string_view lrs_server, absl::string_view cluster_name,
+    const XdsBootstrap::XdsServer& xds_server, absl::string_view cluster_name,
     absl::string_view eds_service_name) {
-  // TODO(roth): When we add support for direct federation, use the
-  // server name specified in lrs_server.
+  if (!bootstrap_->XdsServerExists(xds_server)) return nullptr;
   auto key =
       std::make_pair(std::string(cluster_name), std::string(eds_service_name));
-  MutexLock lock(&mu_);
-  // We jump through some hoops here to make sure that the absl::string_views
-  // stored in the XdsClusterDropStats object point to the strings
-  // in the load_report_map_ key, so that they have the same lifetime.
-  auto it = load_report_map_
-                .emplace(std::make_pair(std::move(key), LoadReportState()))
-                .first;
-  LoadReportState& load_report_state = it->second;
   RefCountedPtr<XdsClusterDropStats> cluster_drop_stats;
-  if (load_report_state.drop_stats != nullptr) {
-    cluster_drop_stats = load_report_state.drop_stats->RefIfNonZero();
-  }
-  if (cluster_drop_stats == nullptr) {
+  {
+    MutexLock lock(&mu_);
+    // We jump through some hoops here to make sure that the const
+    // XdsBootstrap::XdsServer& and absl::string_views
+    // stored in the XdsClusterDropStats object point to the
+    // XdsBootstrap::XdsServer and strings
+    // in the load_report_map_ key, so that they have the same lifetime.
+    auto server_it =
+        xds_load_report_server_map_.emplace(xds_server, LoadReportServer())
+            .first;
+    if (server_it->second.channel_state == nullptr) {
+      server_it->second.channel_state = GetOrCreateChannelStateLocked(
+          xds_server, "load report map (drop stats)");
+    }
+    auto load_report_it = server_it->second.load_report_map
+                              .emplace(std::move(key), LoadReportState())
+                              .first;
+    LoadReportState& load_report_state = load_report_it->second;
     if (load_report_state.drop_stats != nullptr) {
-      load_report_state.deleted_drop_stats +=
-          load_report_state.drop_stats->GetSnapshotAndReset();
+      cluster_drop_stats = load_report_state.drop_stats->RefIfNonZero();
+    }
+    if (cluster_drop_stats == nullptr) {
+      if (load_report_state.drop_stats != nullptr) {
+        load_report_state.deleted_drop_stats +=
+            load_report_state.drop_stats->GetSnapshotAndReset();
+      }
+      cluster_drop_stats = MakeRefCounted<XdsClusterDropStats>(
+          Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "DropStats"), server_it->first,
+          load_report_it->first.first /*cluster_name*/,
+          load_report_it->first.second /*eds_service_name*/);
+      load_report_state.drop_stats = cluster_drop_stats.get();
     }
-    cluster_drop_stats = MakeRefCounted<XdsClusterDropStats>(
-        Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "DropStats"), lrs_server,
-        it->first.first /*cluster_name*/,
-        it->first.second /*eds_service_name*/);
-    load_report_state.drop_stats = cluster_drop_stats.get();
-  }
-  auto resource = XdsApi::ParseResourceName(cluster_name, XdsApi::IsCds);
-  GPR_ASSERT(resource.ok());
-  auto a = authority_state_map_.find(resource->authority);
-  if (a != authority_state_map_.end()) {
-    a->second.channel_state->MaybeStartLrsCall();
+    server_it->second.channel_state->MaybeStartLrsCall();
   }
+  work_serializer_.DrainQueue();
   return cluster_drop_stats;
 }
 
 void XdsClient::RemoveClusterDropStats(
-    absl::string_view /*lrs_server*/, absl::string_view cluster_name,
+    const XdsBootstrap::XdsServer& xds_server, absl::string_view cluster_name,
     absl::string_view eds_service_name,
     XdsClusterDropStats* cluster_drop_stats) {
   MutexLock lock(&mu_);
-  // TODO(roth): When we add support for direct federation, use the
-  // server name specified in lrs_server.
-  auto it = load_report_map_.find(
+  auto server_it = xds_load_report_server_map_.find(xds_server);
+  if (server_it == xds_load_report_server_map_.end()) return;
+  auto load_report_it = server_it->second.load_report_map.find(
       std::make_pair(std::string(cluster_name), std::string(eds_service_name)));
-  if (it == load_report_map_.end()) return;
-  LoadReportState& load_report_state = it->second;
+  if (load_report_it == server_it->second.load_report_map.end()) return;
+  LoadReportState& load_report_state = load_report_it->second;
   if (load_report_state.drop_stats == cluster_drop_stats) {
     // Record final snapshot in deleted_drop_stats, which will be
     // added to the next load report.
@@ -2380,59 +1679,66 @@ void XdsClient::RemoveClusterDropStats(
 }
 
 RefCountedPtr<XdsClusterLocalityStats> XdsClient::AddClusterLocalityStats(
-    absl::string_view lrs_server, absl::string_view cluster_name,
+    const XdsBootstrap::XdsServer& xds_server, absl::string_view cluster_name,
     absl::string_view eds_service_name,
     RefCountedPtr<XdsLocalityName> locality) {
-  // TODO(roth): When we add support for direct federation, use the
-  // server name specified in lrs_server.
+  if (!bootstrap_->XdsServerExists(xds_server)) return nullptr;
   auto key =
       std::make_pair(std::string(cluster_name), std::string(eds_service_name));
-  MutexLock lock(&mu_);
-  // We jump through some hoops here to make sure that the absl::string_views
-  // stored in the XdsClusterLocalityStats object point to the strings
-  // in the load_report_map_ key, so that they have the same lifetime.
-  auto it = load_report_map_
-                .emplace(std::make_pair(std::move(key), LoadReportState()))
-                .first;
-  LoadReportState& load_report_state = it->second;
-  LoadReportState::LocalityState& locality_state =
-      load_report_state.locality_stats[locality];
   RefCountedPtr<XdsClusterLocalityStats> cluster_locality_stats;
-  if (locality_state.locality_stats != nullptr) {
-    cluster_locality_stats = locality_state.locality_stats->RefIfNonZero();
-  }
-  if (cluster_locality_stats == nullptr) {
+  {
+    MutexLock lock(&mu_);
+    // We jump through some hoops here to make sure that the const
+    // XdsBootstrap::XdsServer& and absl::string_views
+    // stored in the XdsClusterDropStats object point to the
+    // XdsBootstrap::XdsServer and strings
+    // in the load_report_map_ key, so that they have the same lifetime.
+    auto server_it =
+        xds_load_report_server_map_.emplace(xds_server, LoadReportServer())
+            .first;
+    if (server_it->second.channel_state == nullptr) {
+      server_it->second.channel_state = GetOrCreateChannelStateLocked(
+          xds_server, "load report map (locality stats)");
+    }
+    auto load_report_it = server_it->second.load_report_map
+                              .emplace(std::move(key), LoadReportState())
+                              .first;
+    LoadReportState& load_report_state = load_report_it->second;
+    LoadReportState::LocalityState& locality_state =
+        load_report_state.locality_stats[locality];
     if (locality_state.locality_stats != nullptr) {
-      locality_state.deleted_locality_stats +=
-          locality_state.locality_stats->GetSnapshotAndReset();
+      cluster_locality_stats = locality_state.locality_stats->RefIfNonZero();
     }
-    cluster_locality_stats = MakeRefCounted<XdsClusterLocalityStats>(
-        Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "LocalityStats"), lrs_server,
-        it->first.first /*cluster_name*/, it->first.second /*eds_service_name*/,
-        std::move(locality));
-    locality_state.locality_stats = cluster_locality_stats.get();
-  }
-  auto resource = XdsApi::ParseResourceName(cluster_name, XdsApi::IsCds);
-  GPR_ASSERT(resource.ok());
-  auto a = authority_state_map_.find(resource->authority);
-  if (a != authority_state_map_.end()) {
-    a->second.channel_state->MaybeStartLrsCall();
+    if (cluster_locality_stats == nullptr) {
+      if (locality_state.locality_stats != nullptr) {
+        locality_state.deleted_locality_stats +=
+            locality_state.locality_stats->GetSnapshotAndReset();
+      }
+      cluster_locality_stats = MakeRefCounted<XdsClusterLocalityStats>(
+          Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "LocalityStats"), server_it->first,
+          load_report_it->first.first /*cluster_name*/,
+          load_report_it->first.second /*eds_service_name*/,
+          std::move(locality));
+      locality_state.locality_stats = cluster_locality_stats.get();
+    }
+    server_it->second.channel_state->MaybeStartLrsCall();
   }
+  work_serializer_.DrainQueue();
   return cluster_locality_stats;
 }
 
 void XdsClient::RemoveClusterLocalityStats(
-    absl::string_view /*lrs_server*/, absl::string_view cluster_name,
+    const XdsBootstrap::XdsServer& xds_server, absl::string_view cluster_name,
     absl::string_view eds_service_name,
     const RefCountedPtr<XdsLocalityName>& locality,
     XdsClusterLocalityStats* cluster_locality_stats) {
   MutexLock lock(&mu_);
-  // TODO(roth): When we add support for direct federation, use the
-  // server name specified in lrs_server.
-  auto it = load_report_map_.find(
+  auto server_it = xds_load_report_server_map_.find(xds_server);
+  if (server_it == xds_load_report_server_map_.end()) return;
+  auto load_report_it = server_it->second.load_report_map.find(
       std::make_pair(std::string(cluster_name), std::string(eds_service_name)));
-  if (it == load_report_map_.end()) return;
-  LoadReportState& load_report_state = it->second;
+  if (load_report_it == server_it->second.load_report_map.end()) return;
+  LoadReportState& load_report_state = load_report_it->second;
   auto locality_it = load_report_state.locality_stats.find(locality);
   if (locality_it == load_report_state.locality_stats.end()) return;
   LoadReportState::LocalityState& locality_state = locality_it->second;
@@ -2448,48 +1754,81 @@ void XdsClient::RemoveClusterLocalityStats(
 void XdsClient::ResetBackoff() {
   MutexLock lock(&mu_);
   for (auto& p : xds_server_channel_map_) {
-    grpc_channel_reset_connect_backoff(p.second->channel());
+    p.second->ResetBackoff();
   }
 }
 
-void XdsClient::NotifyOnErrorLocked(grpc_error_handle error) {
-  for (const auto& a : authority_state_map_) {
-    for (const auto& p : a.second.listener_map) {
-      const ListenerState& listener_state = p.second;
-      for (const auto& p : listener_state.watchers) {
-        p.first->OnError(GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-      }
-    }
-    for (const auto& p : a.second.route_config_map) {
-      const RouteConfigState& route_config_state = p.second;
-      for (const auto& p : route_config_state.watchers) {
-        p.first->OnError(GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-      }
-    }
-    for (const auto& p : a.second.cluster_map) {
-      const ClusterState& cluster_state = p.second;
-      for (const auto& p : cluster_state.watchers) {
-        p.first->OnError(GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-      }
-    }
-    for (const auto& p : a.second.endpoint_map) {
-      const EndpointState& endpoint_state = p.second;
-      for (const auto& p : endpoint_state.watchers) {
-        p.first->OnError(GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+void XdsClient::NotifyOnErrorLocked(absl::Status status) {
+  const auto* node = bootstrap_->node();
+  if (node != nullptr) {
+    status = absl::Status(
+        status.code(), absl::StrCat(status.message(),
+                                    " (node ID:", bootstrap_->node()->id, ")"));
+  }
+  std::set<RefCountedPtr<ResourceWatcherInterface>> watchers;
+  for (const auto& a : authority_state_map_) {     // authority
+    for (const auto& t : a.second.resource_map) {  // type
+      for (const auto& r : t.second) {             // resource id
+        for (const auto& w : r.second.watchers) {  // watchers
+          watchers.insert(w.second);
+        }
       }
     }
   }
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
+  work_serializer_.Schedule(
+      // TODO(yashykt): When we move to C++14, capture watchers using
+      // std::move()
+      [watchers, status]() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(work_serializer_) {
+        for (const auto& watcher : watchers) {
+          watcher->OnError(status);
+        }
+      },
+      DEBUG_LOCATION);
+}
+
+void XdsClient::NotifyWatchersOnErrorLocked(
+    const std::map<ResourceWatcherInterface*,
+                   RefCountedPtr<ResourceWatcherInterface>>& watchers,
+    absl::Status status) {
+  const auto* node = bootstrap_->node();
+  if (node != nullptr) {
+    status = absl::Status(
+        status.code(), absl::StrCat(status.message(),
+                                    " (node ID:", bootstrap_->node()->id, ")"));
+  }
+  work_serializer_.Schedule(
+      [watchers, status]() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&work_serializer_) {
+        for (const auto& p : watchers) {
+          p.first->OnError(status);
+        }
+      },
+      DEBUG_LOCATION);
+}
+
+void XdsClient::NotifyWatchersOnResourceDoesNotExist(
+    const std::map<ResourceWatcherInterface*,
+                   RefCountedPtr<ResourceWatcherInterface>>& watchers) {
+  work_serializer_.Schedule(
+      [watchers]() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&work_serializer_) {
+        for (const auto& p : watchers) {
+          p.first->OnResourceDoesNotExist();
+        }
+      },
+      DEBUG_LOCATION);
 }
 
 XdsApi::ClusterLoadReportMap XdsClient::BuildLoadReportSnapshotLocked(
-    bool send_all_clusters, const std::set<std::string>& clusters) {
+    const XdsBootstrap::XdsServer& xds_server, bool send_all_clusters,
+    const std::set<std::string>& clusters) {
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] start building load report", this);
   }
   XdsApi::ClusterLoadReportMap snapshot_map;
-  for (auto load_report_it = load_report_map_.begin();
-       load_report_it != load_report_map_.end();) {
+  auto server_it = xds_load_report_server_map_.find(xds_server);
+  if (server_it == xds_load_report_server_map_.end()) return snapshot_map;
+  auto& load_report_map = server_it->second.load_report_map;
+  for (auto load_report_it = load_report_map.begin();
+       load_report_it != load_report_map.end();) {
     // Cluster key is cluster and EDS service name.
     const auto& cluster_key = load_report_it->first;
     LoadReportState& load_report = load_report_it->second;
@@ -2544,7 +1883,7 @@ XdsApi::ClusterLoadReportMap XdsClient::BuildLoadReportSnapshotLocked(
       }
     }
     // Compute load report interval.
-    const grpc_millis now = ExecCtx::Get()->Now();
+    const Timestamp now = ExecCtx::Get()->Now();
     snapshot.load_report_interval = now - load_report.last_report_time;
     load_report.last_report_time = now;
     // Record snapshot.
@@ -2555,7 +1894,7 @@ XdsApi::ClusterLoadReportMap XdsClient::BuildLoadReportSnapshotLocked(
     // deleted stats objects, remove the entry.
     if (load_report.locality_stats.empty() &&
         load_report.drop_stats == nullptr) {
-      load_report_it = load_report_map_.erase(load_report_it);
+      load_report_it = load_report_map.erase(load_report_it);
     } else {
       ++load_report_it;
     }
@@ -2566,226 +1905,22 @@ XdsApi::ClusterLoadReportMap XdsClient::BuildLoadReportSnapshotLocked(
 std::string XdsClient::DumpClientConfigBinary() {
   MutexLock lock(&mu_);
   XdsApi::ResourceTypeMetadataMap resource_type_metadata_map;
-  auto& lds_map = resource_type_metadata_map[XdsApi::kLdsTypeUrl];
-  auto& rds_map = resource_type_metadata_map[XdsApi::kRdsTypeUrl];
-  auto& cds_map = resource_type_metadata_map[XdsApi::kCdsTypeUrl];
-  auto& eds_map = resource_type_metadata_map[XdsApi::kEdsTypeUrl];
-  for (auto& a : authority_state_map_) {
+  for (const auto& a : authority_state_map_) {  // authority
     const std::string& authority = a.first;
-    // Collect resource metadata from listeners
-    for (auto& p : a.second.listener_map) {
-      const std::string& listener_name = p.first;
-      lds_map[XdsApi::ConstructFullResourceName(
-          authority, XdsApi::kLdsTypeUrl, listener_name)] = &p.second.meta;
-    }
-    // Collect resource metadata from route configs
-    for (auto& p : a.second.route_config_map) {
-      const std::string& route_config_name = p.first;
-      rds_map[XdsApi::ConstructFullResourceName(
-          authority, XdsApi::kRdsTypeUrl, route_config_name)] = &p.second.meta;
-    }
-    // Collect resource metadata from clusters
-    for (auto& p : a.second.cluster_map) {
-      const std::string& cluster_name = p.first;
-      cds_map[XdsApi::ConstructFullResourceName(authority, XdsApi::kCdsTypeUrl,
-                                                cluster_name)] = &p.second.meta;
-    }
-    // Collect resource metadata from endpoints
-    for (auto& p : a.second.endpoint_map) {
-      const std::string& endpoint_name = p.first;
-      eds_map[XdsApi::ConstructFullResourceName(
-          authority, XdsApi::kEdsTypeUrl, endpoint_name)] = &p.second.meta;
+    for (const auto& t : a.second.resource_map) {  // type
+      const XdsResourceType* type = t.first;
+      auto& resource_metadata_map =
+          resource_type_metadata_map[type->type_url()];
+      for (const auto& r : t.second) {  // resource id
+        const XdsResourceKey& resource_key = r.first;
+        const ResourceState& resource_state = r.second;
+        resource_metadata_map[ConstructFullXdsResourceName(
+            authority, type->type_url(), resource_key)] = &resource_state.meta;
+      }
     }
   }
   // Assemble config dump messages
   return api_.AssembleClientConfig(resource_type_metadata_map);
 }
 
-//
-// accessors for global state
-//
-
-void XdsClientGlobalInit() {
-  g_mu = new Mutex;
-  XdsHttpFilterRegistry::Init();
-}
-
-// TODO(roth): Find a better way to clear the fallback config that does
-// not require using ABSL_NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS.
-void XdsClientGlobalShutdown() ABSL_NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
-  gpr_free(g_fallback_bootstrap_config);
-  g_fallback_bootstrap_config = nullptr;
-  delete g_mu;
-  g_mu = nullptr;
-  XdsHttpFilterRegistry::Shutdown();
-}
-
-namespace {
-
-std::string GetBootstrapContents(const char* fallback_config,
-                                 grpc_error_handle* error) {
-  // First, try GRPC_XDS_BOOTSTRAP env var.
-  grpc_core::UniquePtr<char> path(gpr_getenv("GRPC_XDS_BOOTSTRAP"));
-  if (path != nullptr) {
-    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-              "Got bootstrap file location from GRPC_XDS_BOOTSTRAP "
-              "environment variable: %s",
-              path.get());
-    }
-    grpc_slice contents;
-    *error =
-        grpc_load_file(path.get(), /*add_null_terminator=*/true, &contents);
-    if (*error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) return "";
-    std::string contents_str(StringViewFromSlice(contents));
-    grpc_slice_unref_internal(contents);
-    return contents_str;
-  }
-  // Next, try GRPC_XDS_BOOTSTRAP_CONFIG env var.
-  grpc_core::UniquePtr<char> env_config(
-      gpr_getenv("GRPC_XDS_BOOTSTRAP_CONFIG"));
-  if (env_config != nullptr) {
-    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-              "Got bootstrap contents from GRPC_XDS_BOOTSTRAP_CONFIG "
-              "environment variable");
-    }
-    return env_config.get();
-  }
-  // Finally, try fallback config.
-  if (fallback_config != nullptr) {
-    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Got bootstrap contents from fallback config");
-    }
-    return fallback_config;
-  }
-  // No bootstrap config found.
-  *error = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
-      "Environment variables GRPC_XDS_BOOTSTRAP or GRPC_XDS_BOOTSTRAP_CONFIG "
-      "not defined");
-  return "";
-}
-
-}  // namespace
-
-RefCountedPtr<XdsClient> XdsClient::GetOrCreate(const grpc_channel_args* args,
-                                                grpc_error_handle* error) {
-  RefCountedPtr<XdsClient> xds_client;
-  // If getting bootstrap from channel args, create a local XdsClient
-  // instance for the channel or server instead of using the global instance.
-  const char* bootstrap_config = grpc_channel_args_find_string(
-      args, GRPC_ARG_TEST_ONLY_DO_NOT_USE_IN_PROD_XDS_BOOTSTRAP_CONFIG);
-  if (bootstrap_config != nullptr) {
-    std::unique_ptr<XdsBootstrap> bootstrap =
-        XdsBootstrap::Create(bootstrap_config, error);
-    if (*error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-      grpc_channel_args* xds_channel_args =
-          grpc_channel_args_find_pointer<grpc_channel_args>(
-              args,
-              GRPC_ARG_TEST_ONLY_DO_NOT_USE_IN_PROD_XDS_CLIENT_CHANNEL_ARGS);
-      return MakeRefCounted<XdsClient>(std::move(bootstrap), xds_channel_args);
-    }
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-  // Otherwise, use the global instance.
-  {
-    MutexLock lock(g_mu);
-    if (g_xds_client != nullptr) {
-      auto xds_client = g_xds_client->RefIfNonZero();
-      if (xds_client != nullptr) return xds_client;
-    }
-    // Find bootstrap contents.
-    std::string bootstrap_contents =
-        GetBootstrapContents(g_fallback_bootstrap_config, error);
-    if (*error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) return nullptr;
-    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "xDS bootstrap contents: %s",
-              bootstrap_contents.c_str());
-    }
-    // Parse bootstrap.
-    std::unique_ptr<XdsBootstrap> bootstrap =
-        XdsBootstrap::Create(bootstrap_contents, error);
-    if (*error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) return nullptr;
-    // Instantiate XdsClient.
-    xds_client =
-        MakeRefCounted<XdsClient>(std::move(bootstrap), g_channel_args);
-    g_xds_client = xds_client.get();
-  }
-  return xds_client;
-}
-
-namespace internal {
-
-void SetXdsChannelArgsForTest(grpc_channel_args* args) {
-  MutexLock lock(g_mu);
-  g_channel_args = args;
-}
-
-void UnsetGlobalXdsClientForTest() {
-  MutexLock lock(g_mu);
-  g_xds_client = nullptr;
-}
-
-void SetXdsFallbackBootstrapConfig(const char* config) {
-  MutexLock lock(g_mu);
-  gpr_free(g_fallback_bootstrap_config);
-  g_fallback_bootstrap_config = gpr_strdup(config);
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-//
-// embedding XdsClient in channel args
-//
-
-#define GRPC_ARG_XDS_CLIENT "grpc.internal.xds_client"
-
-namespace {
-
-void* XdsClientArgCopy(void* p) {
-  XdsClient* xds_client = static_cast<XdsClient*>(p);
-  xds_client->Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "channel arg").release();
-  return p;
-}
-
-void XdsClientArgDestroy(void* p) {
-  XdsClient* xds_client = static_cast<XdsClient*>(p);
-  xds_client->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "channel arg");
-}
-
-int XdsClientArgCmp(void* p, void* q) { return QsortCompare(p, q); }
-
-const grpc_arg_pointer_vtable kXdsClientArgVtable = {
-    XdsClientArgCopy, XdsClientArgDestroy, XdsClientArgCmp};
-
-}  // namespace
-
-grpc_arg XdsClient::MakeChannelArg() const {
-  return grpc_channel_arg_pointer_create(const_cast<char*>(GRPC_ARG_XDS_CLIENT),
-                                         const_cast<XdsClient*>(this),
-                                         &kXdsClientArgVtable);
-}
-
-RefCountedPtr<XdsClient> XdsClient::GetFromChannelArgs(
-    const grpc_channel_args& args) {
-  XdsClient* xds_client =
-      grpc_channel_args_find_pointer<XdsClient>(&args, GRPC_ARG_XDS_CLIENT);
-  if (xds_client == nullptr) return nullptr;
-  return xds_client->Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "GetFromChannelArgs");
-}
-
 }  // namespace grpc_core
-
-// The returned bytes may contain NULL(0), so we can't use c-string.
-grpc_slice grpc_dump_xds_configs() {
-  grpc_core::ApplicationCallbackExecCtx callback_exec_ctx;
-  grpc_core::ExecCtx exec_ctx;
-  grpc_error_handle error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
-  auto xds_client = grpc_core::XdsClient::GetOrCreate(nullptr, &error);
-  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-    // If we isn't using xDS, just return an empty string.
-    GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
-    return grpc_empty_slice();
-  }
-  return grpc_slice_from_cpp_string(xds_client->DumpClientConfigBinary());
-}