grpc 1.28.0 → 1.36.0

data/third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/status/status.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+#include "absl/status/status.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "absl/base/internal/raw_logging.h"
+#include "absl/debugging/stacktrace.h"
+#include "absl/debugging/symbolize.h"
+#include "absl/status/status_payload_printer.h"
+#include "absl/strings/escaping.h"
+#include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
+#include "absl/strings/str_format.h"
+#include "absl/strings/str_split.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+std::string StatusCodeToString(StatusCode code) {
+  switch (code) {
+    case StatusCode::kOk:
+      return "OK";
+    case StatusCode::kCancelled:
+      return "CANCELLED";
+    case StatusCode::kUnknown:
+      return "UNKNOWN";
+    case StatusCode::kInvalidArgument:
+      return "INVALID_ARGUMENT";
+    case StatusCode::kDeadlineExceeded:
+      return "DEADLINE_EXCEEDED";
+    case StatusCode::kNotFound:
+      return "NOT_FOUND";
+    case StatusCode::kAlreadyExists:
+      return "ALREADY_EXISTS";
+    case StatusCode::kPermissionDenied:
+      return "PERMISSION_DENIED";
+    case StatusCode::kUnauthenticated:
+      return "UNAUTHENTICATED";
+    case StatusCode::kResourceExhausted:
+      return "RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED";
+    case StatusCode::kFailedPrecondition:
+      return "FAILED_PRECONDITION";
+    case StatusCode::kAborted:
+      return "ABORTED";
+    case StatusCode::kOutOfRange:
+      return "OUT_OF_RANGE";
+    case StatusCode::kUnimplemented:
+      return "UNIMPLEMENTED";
+    case StatusCode::kInternal:
+      return "INTERNAL";
+    case StatusCode::kUnavailable:
+      return "UNAVAILABLE";
+    case StatusCode::kDataLoss:
+      return "DATA_LOSS";
+    default:
+      return "";
+  }
+}
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, StatusCode code) {
+  return os << StatusCodeToString(code);
+}
+
+namespace status_internal {
+
+static int FindPayloadIndexByUrl(const Payloads* payloads,
+                                 absl::string_view type_url) {
+  if (payloads == nullptr) return -1;
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < payloads->size(); ++i) {
+    if ((*payloads)[i].type_url == type_url) return i;
+  }
+
+  return -1;
+}
+
+// Convert canonical code to a value known to this binary.
+absl::StatusCode MapToLocalCode(int value) {
+  absl::StatusCode code = static_cast<absl::StatusCode>(value);
+  switch (code) {
+    case absl::StatusCode::kOk:
+    case absl::StatusCode::kCancelled:
+    case absl::StatusCode::kUnknown:
+    case absl::StatusCode::kInvalidArgument:
+    case absl::StatusCode::kDeadlineExceeded:
+    case absl::StatusCode::kNotFound:
+    case absl::StatusCode::kAlreadyExists:
+    case absl::StatusCode::kPermissionDenied:
+    case absl::StatusCode::kResourceExhausted:
+    case absl::StatusCode::kFailedPrecondition:
+    case absl::StatusCode::kAborted:
+    case absl::StatusCode::kOutOfRange:
+    case absl::StatusCode::kUnimplemented:
+    case absl::StatusCode::kInternal:
+    case absl::StatusCode::kUnavailable:
+    case absl::StatusCode::kDataLoss:
+    case absl::StatusCode::kUnauthenticated:
+      return code;
+    default:
+      return absl::StatusCode::kUnknown;
+  }
+}
+}  // namespace status_internal
+
+absl::optional<absl::Cord> Status::GetPayload(
+    absl::string_view type_url) const {
+  const auto* payloads = GetPayloads();
+  int index = status_internal::FindPayloadIndexByUrl(payloads, type_url);
+  if (index != -1) return (*payloads)[index].payload;
+
+  return absl::nullopt;
+}
+
+void Status::SetPayload(absl::string_view type_url, absl::Cord payload) {
+  if (ok()) return;
+
+  PrepareToModify();
+
+  status_internal::StatusRep* rep = RepToPointer(rep_);
+  if (!rep->payloads) {
+    rep->payloads = absl::make_unique<status_internal::Payloads>();
+  }
+
+  int index =
+      status_internal::FindPayloadIndexByUrl(rep->payloads.get(), type_url);
+  if (index != -1) {
+    (*rep->payloads)[index].payload = std::move(payload);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  rep->payloads->push_back({std::string(type_url), std::move(payload)});
+}
+
+bool Status::ErasePayload(absl::string_view type_url) {
+  int index = status_internal::FindPayloadIndexByUrl(GetPayloads(), type_url);
+  if (index != -1) {
+    PrepareToModify();
+    GetPayloads()->erase(GetPayloads()->begin() + index);
+    if (GetPayloads()->empty() && message().empty()) {
+      // Special case: If this can be represented inlined, it MUST be
+      // inlined (EqualsSlow depends on this behavior).
+      StatusCode c = static_cast<StatusCode>(raw_code());
+      Unref(rep_);
+      rep_ = CodeToInlinedRep(c);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+void Status::ForEachPayload(
+    const std::function<void(absl::string_view, const absl::Cord&)>& visitor)
+    const {
+  if (auto* payloads = GetPayloads()) {
+    bool in_reverse =
+        payloads->size() > 1 && reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(payloads) % 13 > 6;
+
+    for (size_t index = 0; index < payloads->size(); ++index) {
+      const auto& elem =
+          (*payloads)[in_reverse ? payloads->size() - 1 - index : index];
+
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+      visitor(elem.type_url, elem.payload);
+#else
+      // In debug mode invalidate the type url to prevent users from relying on
+      // this string lifetime.
+
+      // NOLINTNEXTLINE intentional extra conversion to force temporary.
+      visitor(std::string(elem.type_url), elem.payload);
+#endif  // NDEBUG
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+const std::string* Status::EmptyString() {
+  static std::string* empty_string = new std::string();
+  return empty_string;
+}
+
+constexpr const char Status::kMovedFromString[];
+
+const std::string* Status::MovedFromString() {
+  static std::string* moved_from_string = new std::string(kMovedFromString);
+  return moved_from_string;
+}
+
+void Status::UnrefNonInlined(uintptr_t rep) {
+  status_internal::StatusRep* r = RepToPointer(rep);
+  // Fast path: if ref==1, there is no need for a RefCountDec (since
+  // this is the only reference and therefore no other thread is
+  // allowed to be mucking with r).
+  if (r->ref.load(std::memory_order_acquire) == 1 ||
+      r->ref.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_acq_rel) - 1 == 0) {
+    delete r;
+  }
+}
+
+uintptr_t Status::NewRep(absl::StatusCode code, absl::string_view msg,
+                         std::unique_ptr<status_internal::Payloads> payloads) {
+  status_internal::StatusRep* rep = new status_internal::StatusRep;
+  rep->ref.store(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  rep->code = code;
+  rep->message.assign(msg.data(), msg.size());
+  rep->payloads = std::move(payloads);
+  return PointerToRep(rep);
+}
+
+Status::Status(absl::StatusCode code, absl::string_view msg)
+    : rep_(CodeToInlinedRep(code)) {
+  if (code != absl::StatusCode::kOk && !msg.empty()) {
+    rep_ = NewRep(code, msg, nullptr);
+  }
+}
+
+int Status::raw_code() const {
+  if (IsInlined(rep_)) {
+    return static_cast<int>(InlinedRepToCode(rep_));
+  }
+  status_internal::StatusRep* rep = RepToPointer(rep_);
+  return static_cast<int>(rep->code);
+}
+
+absl::StatusCode Status::code() const {
+  return status_internal::MapToLocalCode(raw_code());
+}
+
+void Status::PrepareToModify() {
+  ABSL_RAW_CHECK(!ok(), "PrepareToModify shouldn't be called on OK status.");
+  if (IsInlined(rep_)) {
+    rep_ = NewRep(static_cast<absl::StatusCode>(raw_code()),
+                  absl::string_view(), nullptr);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  uintptr_t rep_i = rep_;
+  status_internal::StatusRep* rep = RepToPointer(rep_);
+  if (rep->ref.load(std::memory_order_acquire) != 1) {
+    std::unique_ptr<status_internal::Payloads> payloads;
+    if (rep->payloads) {
+      payloads = absl::make_unique<status_internal::Payloads>(*rep->payloads);
+    }
+    rep_ = NewRep(rep->code, message(), std::move(payloads));
+    UnrefNonInlined(rep_i);
+  }
+}
+
+bool Status::EqualsSlow(const absl::Status& a, const absl::Status& b) {
+  if (IsInlined(a.rep_) != IsInlined(b.rep_)) return false;
+  if (a.message() != b.message()) return false;
+  if (a.raw_code() != b.raw_code()) return false;
+  if (a.GetPayloads() == b.GetPayloads()) return true;
+
+  const status_internal::Payloads no_payloads;
+  const status_internal::Payloads* larger_payloads =
+      a.GetPayloads() ? a.GetPayloads() : &no_payloads;
+  const status_internal::Payloads* smaller_payloads =
+      b.GetPayloads() ? b.GetPayloads() : &no_payloads;
+  if (larger_payloads->size() < smaller_payloads->size()) {
+    std::swap(larger_payloads, smaller_payloads);
+  }
+  if ((larger_payloads->size() - smaller_payloads->size()) > 1) return false;
+  // Payloads can be ordered differently, so we can't just compare payload
+  // vectors.
+  for (const auto& payload : *larger_payloads) {
+
+    bool found = false;
+    for (const auto& other_payload : *smaller_payloads) {
+      if (payload.type_url == other_payload.type_url) {
+        if (payload.payload != other_payload.payload) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        found = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!found) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+std::string Status::ToStringSlow() const {
+  std::string text;
+  absl::StrAppend(&text, absl::StatusCodeToString(code()), ": ", message());
+  status_internal::StatusPayloadPrinter printer =
+      status_internal::GetStatusPayloadPrinter();
+  this->ForEachPayload([&](absl::string_view type_url,
+                           const absl::Cord& payload) {
+    absl::optional<std::string> result;
+    if (printer) result = printer(type_url, payload);
+    absl::StrAppend(
+        &text, " [", type_url, "='",
+        result.has_value() ? *result : absl::CHexEscape(std::string(payload)),
+        "']");
+  });
+
+  return text;
+}
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Status& x) {
+  os << x.ToString();
+  return os;
+}
+
+Status AbortedError(absl::string_view message) {
+  return Status(absl::StatusCode::kAborted, message);
+}
+
+Status AlreadyExistsError(absl::string_view message) {
+  return Status(absl::StatusCode::kAlreadyExists, message);
+}
+
+Status CancelledError(absl::string_view message) {
+  return Status(absl::StatusCode::kCancelled, message);
+}
+
+Status DataLossError(absl::string_view message) {
+  return Status(absl::StatusCode::kDataLoss, message);
+}
+
+Status DeadlineExceededError(absl::string_view message) {
+  return Status(absl::StatusCode::kDeadlineExceeded, message);
+}
+
+Status FailedPreconditionError(absl::string_view message) {
+  return Status(absl::StatusCode::kFailedPrecondition, message);
+}
+
+Status InternalError(absl::string_view message) {
+  return Status(absl::StatusCode::kInternal, message);
+}
+
+Status InvalidArgumentError(absl::string_view message) {
+  return Status(absl::StatusCode::kInvalidArgument, message);
+}
+
+Status NotFoundError(absl::string_view message) {
+  return Status(absl::StatusCode::kNotFound, message);
+}
+
+Status OutOfRangeError(absl::string_view message) {
+  return Status(absl::StatusCode::kOutOfRange, message);
+}
+
+Status PermissionDeniedError(absl::string_view message) {
+  return Status(absl::StatusCode::kPermissionDenied, message);
+}
+
+Status ResourceExhaustedError(absl::string_view message) {
+  return Status(absl::StatusCode::kResourceExhausted, message);
+}
+
+Status UnauthenticatedError(absl::string_view message) {
+  return Status(absl::StatusCode::kUnauthenticated, message);
+}
+
+Status UnavailableError(absl::string_view message) {
+  return Status(absl::StatusCode::kUnavailable, message);
+}
+
+Status UnimplementedError(absl::string_view message) {
+  return Status(absl::StatusCode::kUnimplemented, message);
+}
+
+Status UnknownError(absl::string_view message) {
+  return Status(absl::StatusCode::kUnknown, message);
+}
+
+bool IsAborted(const Status& status) {
+  return status.code() == absl::StatusCode::kAborted;
+}
+
+bool IsAlreadyExists(const Status& status) {
+  return status.code() == absl::StatusCode::kAlreadyExists;
+}
+
+bool IsCancelled(const Status& status) {
+  return status.code() == absl::StatusCode::kCancelled;
+}
+
+bool IsDataLoss(const Status& status) {
+  return status.code() == absl::StatusCode::kDataLoss;
+}
+
+bool IsDeadlineExceeded(const Status& status) {
+  return status.code() == absl::StatusCode::kDeadlineExceeded;
+}
+
+bool IsFailedPrecondition(const Status& status) {
+  return status.code() == absl::StatusCode::kFailedPrecondition;
+}
+
+bool IsInternal(const Status& status) {
+  return status.code() == absl::StatusCode::kInternal;
+}
+
+bool IsInvalidArgument(const Status& status) {
+  return status.code() == absl::StatusCode::kInvalidArgument;
+}
+
+bool IsNotFound(const Status& status) {
+  return status.code() == absl::StatusCode::kNotFound;
+}
+
+bool IsOutOfRange(const Status& status) {
+  return status.code() == absl::StatusCode::kOutOfRange;
+}
+
+bool IsPermissionDenied(const Status& status) {
+  return status.code() == absl::StatusCode::kPermissionDenied;
+}
+
+bool IsResourceExhausted(const Status& status) {
+  return status.code() == absl::StatusCode::kResourceExhausted;
+}
+
+bool IsUnauthenticated(const Status& status) {
+  return status.code() == absl::StatusCode::kUnauthenticated;
+}
+
+bool IsUnavailable(const Status& status) {
+  return status.code() == absl::StatusCode::kUnavailable;
+}
+
+bool IsUnimplemented(const Status& status) {
+  return status.code() == absl::StatusCode::kUnimplemented;
+}
+
+bool IsUnknown(const Status& status) {
+  return status.code() == absl::StatusCode::kUnknown;
+}
+
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
+}  // namespace absl

data/third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/status/status.h

@@ -0,0 +1,817 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// File: status.h
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//
+// This header file defines the Abseil `status` library, consisting of:
+//
+//   * An `absl::Status` class for holding error handling information
+//   * A set of canonical `absl::StatusCode` error codes, and associated
+//     utilities for generating and propagating status codes.
+//   * A set of helper functions for creating status codes and checking their
+//     values
+//
+// Within Google, `absl::Status` is the primary mechanism for gracefully
+// handling errors across API boundaries (and in particular across RPC
+// boundaries). Some of these errors may be recoverable, but others may not.
+// Most functions that can produce a recoverable error should be designed to
+// return an `absl::Status` (or `absl::StatusOr`).
+//
+// Example:
+//
+// absl::Status myFunction(absl::string_view fname, ...) {
+//   ...
+//   // encounter error
+//   if (error condition) {
+//     return absl::InvalidArgumentError("bad mode");
+//   }
+//   // else, return OK
+//   return absl::OkStatus();
+// }
+//
+// An `absl::Status` is designed to either return "OK" or one of a number of
+// different error codes, corresponding to typical error conditions.
+// In almost all cases, when using `absl::Status` you should use the canonical
+// error codes (of type `absl::StatusCode`) enumerated in this header file.
+// These canonical codes are understood across the codebase and will be
+// accepted across all API and RPC boundaries.
+#ifndef ABSL_STATUS_STATUS_H_
+#define ABSL_STATUS_STATUS_H_
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "absl/container/inlined_vector.h"
+#include "absl/status/internal/status_internal.h"
+#include "absl/strings/cord.h"
+#include "absl/types/optional.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+// absl::StatusCode
+//
+// An `absl::StatusCode` is an enumerated type indicating either no error ("OK")
+// or an error condition. In most cases, an `absl::Status` indicates a
+// recoverable error, and the purpose of signalling an error is to indicate what
+// action to take in response to that error. These error codes map to the proto
+// RPC error codes indicated in https://cloud.google.com/apis/design/errors.
+//
+// The errors listed below are the canonical errors associated with
+// `absl::Status` and are used throughout the codebase. As a result, these
+// error codes are somewhat generic.
+//
+// In general, try to return the most specific error that applies if more than
+// one error may pertain. For example, prefer `kOutOfRange` over
+// `kFailedPrecondition` if both codes apply. Similarly prefer `kNotFound` or
+// `kAlreadyExists` over `kFailedPrecondition`.
+//
+// Because these errors may travel RPC boundaries, these codes are tied to the
+// `google.rpc.Code` definitions within
+// https://github.com/googleapis/googleapis/blob/master/google/rpc/code.proto
+// The string value of these RPC codes is denoted within each enum below.
+//
+// If your error handling code requires more context, you can attach payloads
+// to your status. See `absl::Status::SetPayload()` and
+// `absl::Status::GetPayload()` below.
+enum class StatusCode : int {
+  // StatusCode::kOk
+  //
+  // kOK (gRPC code "OK") does not indicate an error; this value is returned on
+  // success. It is typical to check for this value before proceeding on any
+  // given call across an API or RPC boundary. To check this value, use the
+  // `absl::Status::ok()` member function rather than inspecting the raw code.
+  kOk = 0,
+
+  // StatusCode::kCancelled
+  //
+  // kCanelled (gRPC code "CANCELLED") indicates the operation was cancelled,
+  // typically by the caller.
+  kCancelled = 1,
+
+  // StatusCode::kUnknown
+  //
+  // kUnknown (gRPC code "UNKNOWN") indicates an unknown error occurred. In
+  // general, more specific errors should be raised, if possible. Errors raised
+  // by APIs that do not return enough error information may be converted to
+  // this error.
+  kUnknown = 2,
+
+  // StatusCode::kInvalidArgument
+  //
+  // kInvalidArgument (gRPC code "INVALID_ARGUMENT") indicates the caller
+  // specified an invalid argument, such a malformed filename. Note that such
+  // errors should be narrowly limited to indicate to the invalid nature of the
+  // arguments themselves. Errors with validly formed arguments that may cause
+  // errors with the state of the receiving system should be denoted with
+  // `kFailedPrecondition` instead.
+  kInvalidArgument = 3,
+
+  // StatusCode::kDeadlineExceeded
+  //
+  // kDeadlineExceeded (gRPC code "DEADLINE_EXCEEDED") indicates a deadline
+  // expired before the operation could complete. For operations that may change
+  // state within a system, this error may be returned even if the operation has
+  // completed successfully. For example, a successful response from a server
+  // could have been delayed long enough for the deadline to expire.
+  kDeadlineExceeded = 4,
+
+  // StatusCode::kNotFound
+  //
+  // kNotFound (gRPC code "NOT_FOUND") indicates some requested entity (such as
+  // a file or directory) was not found.
+  //
+  // `kNotFound` is useful if a request should be denied for an entire class of
+  // users, such as during a gradual feature rollout or undocumented allow list.
+  // If, instead, a request should be denied for specific sets of users, such as
+  // through user-based access control, use `kPermissionDenied` instead.
+  kNotFound = 5,
+
+  // StatusCode::kAlreadyExists
+  //
+  // kAlreadyExists (gRPC code "ALREADY_EXISTS") indicates the entity that a
+  // caller attempted to create (such as file or directory) is already present.
+  kAlreadyExists = 6,
+
+  // StatusCode::kPermissionDenied
+  //
+  // kPermissionDenied (gRPC code "PERMISSION_DENIED") indicates that the caller
+  // does not have permission to execute the specified operation. Note that this
+  // error is different than an error due to an *un*authenticated user. This
+  // error code does not imply the request is valid or the requested entity
+  // exists or satisfies any other pre-conditions.
+  //
+  // `kPermissionDenied` must not be used for rejections caused by exhausting
+  // some resource. Instead, use `kResourceExhausted` for those errors.
+  // `kPermissionDenied` must not be used if the caller cannot be identified.
+  // Instead, use `kUnauthenticated` for those errors.
+  kPermissionDenied = 7,
+
+  // StatusCode::kResourceExhausted
+  //
+  // kResourceExhausted (gRPC code "RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED") indicates some resource
+  // has been exhausted, perhaps a per-user quota, or perhaps the entire file
+  // system is out of space.
+  kResourceExhausted = 8,
+
+  // StatusCode::kFailedPrecondition
+  //
+  // kFailedPrecondition (gRPC code "FAILED_PRECONDITION") indicates that the
+  // operation was rejected because the system is not in a state required for
+  // the operation's execution. For example, a directory to be deleted may be
+  // non-empty, an "rmdir" operation is applied to a non-directory, etc.
+  //
+  // Some guidelines that may help a service implementer in deciding between
+  // `kFailedPrecondition`, `kAborted`, and `kUnavailable`:
+  //
+  //  (a) Use `kUnavailable` if the client can retry just the failing call.
+  //  (b) Use `kAborted` if the client should retry at a higher transaction
+  //      level (such as when a client-specified test-and-set fails, indicating
+  //      the client should restart a read-modify-write sequence).
+  //  (c) Use `kFailedPrecondition` if the client should not retry until
+  //      the system state has been explicitly fixed. For example, if an "rmdir"
+  //      fails because the directory is non-empty, `kFailedPrecondition`
+  //      should be returned since the client should not retry unless
+  //      the files are deleted from the directory.
+  kFailedPrecondition = 9,
+
+  // StatusCode::kAborted
+  //
+  // kAborted (gRPC code "ABORTED") indicates the operation was aborted,
+  // typically due to a concurrency issue such as a sequencer check failure or a
+  // failed transaction.
+  //
+  // See the guidelines above for deciding between `kFailedPrecondition`,
+  // `kAborted`, and `kUnavailable`.
+  kAborted = 10,
+
+  // StatusCode::kOutofRange
+  //
+  // kOutofRange (gRPC code "OUT_OF_RANGE") indicates the operation was
+  // attempted past the valid range, such as seeking or reading past an
+  // end-of-file.
+  //
+  // Unlike `kInvalidArgument`, this error indicates a problem that may
+  // be fixed if the system state changes. For example, a 32-bit file
+  // system will generate `kInvalidArgument` if asked to read at an
+  // offset that is not in the range [0,2^32-1], but it will generate
+  // `kOutOfRange` if asked to read from an offset past the current
+  // file size.
+  //
+  // There is a fair bit of overlap between `kFailedPrecondition` and
+  // `kOutOfRange`.  We recommend using `kOutOfRange` (the more specific
+  // error) when it applies so that callers who are iterating through
+  // a space can easily look for an `kOutOfRange` error to detect when
+  // they are done.
+  kOutOfRange = 11,
+
+  // StatusCode::kUnimplemented
+  //
+  // kUnimplemented (gRPC code "UNIMPLEMENTED") indicates the operation is not
+  // implemented or supported in this service. In this case, the operation
+  // should not be re-attempted.
+  kUnimplemented = 12,
+
+  // StatusCode::kInternal
+  //
+  // kInternal (gRPC code "INTERNAL") indicates an internal error has occurred
+  // and some invariants expected by the underlying system have not been
+  // satisfied. This error code is reserved for serious errors.
+  kInternal = 13,
+
+  // StatusCode::kUnavailable
+  //
+  // kUnavailable (gRPC code "UNAVAILABLE") indicates the service is currently
+  // unavailable and that this is most likely a transient condition. An error
+  // such as this can be corrected by retrying with a backoff scheme. Note that
+  // it is not always safe to retry non-idempotent operations.
+  //
+  // See the guidelines above for deciding between `kFailedPrecondition`,
+  // `kAborted`, and `kUnavailable`.
+  kUnavailable = 14,
+
+  // StatusCode::kDataLoss
+  //
+  // kDataLoss (gRPC code "DATA_LOSS") indicates that unrecoverable data loss or
+  // corruption has occurred. As this error is serious, proper alerting should
+  // be attached to errors such as this.
+  kDataLoss = 15,
+
+  // StatusCode::kUnauthenticated
+  //
+  // kUnauthenticated (gRPC code "UNAUTHENTICATED") indicates that the request
+  // does not have valid authentication credentials for the operation. Correct
+  // the authentication and try again.
+  kUnauthenticated = 16,
+
+  // StatusCode::DoNotUseReservedForFutureExpansionUseDefaultInSwitchInstead_
+  //
+  // NOTE: this error code entry should not be used and you should not rely on
+  // its value, which may change.
+  //
+  // The purpose of this enumerated value is to force people who handle status
+  // codes with `switch()` statements to *not* simply enumerate all possible
+  // values, but instead provide a "default:" case. Providing such a default
+  // case ensures that code will compile when new codes are added.
+  kDoNotUseReservedForFutureExpansionUseDefaultInSwitchInstead_ = 20
+};
+
+// StatusCodeToString()
+//
+// Returns the name for the status code, or "" if it is an unknown value.
+std::string StatusCodeToString(StatusCode code);
+
+// operator<<
+//
+// Streams StatusCodeToString(code) to `os`.
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, StatusCode code);
+
+// absl::Status
+//
+// The `absl::Status` class is generally used to gracefully handle errors
+// across API boundaries (and in particular across RPC boundaries). Some of
+// these errors may be recoverable, but others may not. Most
+// functions which can produce a recoverable error should be designed to return
+// either an `absl::Status` (or the similar `absl::StatusOr<T>`, which holds
+// either an object of type `T` or an error).
+//
+// API developers should construct their functions to return `absl::OkStatus()`
+// upon success, or an `absl::StatusCode` upon another type of error (e.g
+// an `absl::StatusCode::kInvalidArgument` error). The API provides convenience
+// functions to constuct each status code.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+// absl::Status myFunction(absl::string_view fname, ...) {
+//   ...
+//   // encounter error
+//   if (error condition) {
+//     // Construct an absl::StatusCode::kInvalidArgument error
+//     return absl::InvalidArgumentError("bad mode");
+//   }
+//   // else, return OK
+//   return absl::OkStatus();
+// }
+//
+// Users handling status error codes should prefer checking for an OK status
+// using the `ok()` member function. Handling multiple error codes may justify
+// use of switch statement, but only check for error codes you know how to
+// handle; do not try to exhaustively match against all canonical error codes.
+// Errors that cannot be handled should be logged and/or propagated for higher
+// levels to deal with. If you do use a switch statement, make sure that you
+// also provide a `default:` switch case, so that code does not break as other
+// canonical codes are added to the API.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   absl::Status result = DoSomething();
+//   if (!result.ok()) {
+//     LOG(ERROR) << result;
+//   }
+//
+//   // Provide a default if switching on multiple error codes
+//   switch (result.code()) {
+//     // The user hasn't authenticated. Ask them to reauth
+//     case absl::StatusCode::kUnauthenticated:
+//       DoReAuth();
+//       break;
+//     // The user does not have permission. Log an error.
+//     case absl::StatusCode::kPermissionDenied:
+//       LOG(ERROR) << result;
+//       break;
+//     // Propagate the error otherwise.
+//     default:
+//       return true;
+//   }
+//
+// An `absl::Status` can optionally include a payload with more information
+// about the error. Typically, this payload serves one of several purposes:
+//
+//   * It may provide more fine-grained semantic information about the error to
+//     facilitate actionable remedies.
+//   * It may provide human-readable contexual information that is more
+//     appropriate to display to an end user.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   absl::Status result = DoSomething();
+//   // Inform user to retry after 30 seconds
+//   // See more error details in googleapis/google/rpc/error_details.proto
+//   if (absl::IsResourceExhausted(result)) {
+//     google::rpc::RetryInfo info;
+//     info.retry_delay().seconds() = 30;
+//     // Payloads require a unique key (a URL to ensure no collisions with
+//     // other payloads), and an `absl::Cord` to hold the encoded data.
+//     absl::string_view url = "type.googleapis.com/google.rpc.RetryInfo";
+//     result.SetPayload(url, info.SerializeAsCord());
+//     return result;
+//   }
+//
+class ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT Status final {
+ public:
+  // Constructors
+
+  // This default constructor creates an OK status with no message or payload.
+  // Avoid this constructor and prefer explicit construction of an OK status
+  // with `absl::OkStatus()`.
+  Status();
+
+  // Creates a status in the canonical error space with the specified
+  // `absl::StatusCode` and error message.  If `code == absl::StatusCode::kOk`,
+  // `msg` is ignored and an object identical to an OK status is constructed.
+  //
+  // The `msg` string must be in UTF-8. The implementation may complain (e.g.,
+  // by printing a warning) if it is not.
+  Status(absl::StatusCode code, absl::string_view msg);
+
+  Status(const Status&);
+  Status& operator=(const Status& x);
+
+  // Move operators
+
+  // The moved-from state is valid but unspecified.
+  Status(Status&&) noexcept;
+  Status& operator=(Status&&);
+
+  ~Status();
+
+  // Status::Update()
+  //
+  // Updates the existing status with `new_status` provided that `this->ok()`.
+  // If the existing status already contains a non-OK error, this update has no
+  // effect and preserves the current data. Note that this behavior may change
+  // in the future to augment a current non-ok status with additional
+  // information about `new_status`.
+  //
+  // `Update()` provides a convenient way of keeping track of the first error
+  // encountered.
+  //
+  // Example:
+  //   // Instead of "if (overall_status.ok()) overall_status = new_status"
+  //   overall_status.Update(new_status);
+  //
+  void Update(const Status& new_status);
+  void Update(Status&& new_status);
+
+  // Status::ok()
+  //
+  // Returns `true` if `this->ok()`. Prefer checking for an OK status using this
+  // member function.
+  ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT bool ok() const;
+
+  // Status::code()
+  //
+  // Returns the canonical error code of type `absl::StatusCode` of this status.
+  absl::StatusCode code() const;
+
+  // Status::raw_code()
+  //
+  // Returns a raw (canonical) error code corresponding to the enum value of
+  // `google.rpc.Code` definitions within
+  // https://github.com/googleapis/googleapis/blob/master/google/rpc/code.proto.
+  // These values could be out of the range of canonical `absl::StatusCode`
+  // enum values.
+  //
+  // NOTE: This function should only be called when converting to an associated
+  // wire format. Use `Status::code()` for error handling.
+  int raw_code() const;
+
+  // Status::message()
+  //
+  // Returns the error message associated with this error code, if available.
+  // Note that this message rarely describes the error code.  It is not unusual
+  // for the error message to be the empty string. As a result, prefer
+  // `Status::ToString()` for debug logging.
+  absl::string_view message() const;
+
+  friend bool operator==(const Status&, const Status&);
+  friend bool operator!=(const Status&, const Status&);
+
+  // Status::ToString()
+  //
+  // Returns a combination of the error code name, the message and any
+  // associated payload messages. This string is designed simply to be human
+  // readable and its exact format should not be load bearing. Do not depend on
+  // the exact format of the result of `ToString()` which is subject to change.
+  //
+  // The printed code name and the message are generally substrings of the
+  // result, and the payloads to be printed use the status payload printer
+  // mechanism (which is internal).
+  std::string ToString() const;
+
+  // Status::IgnoreError()
+  //
+  // Ignores any errors. This method does nothing except potentially suppress
+  // complaints from any tools that are checking that errors are not dropped on
+  // the floor.
+  void IgnoreError() const;
+
+  // swap()
+  //
+  // Swap the contents of one status with another.
+  friend void swap(Status& a, Status& b);
+
+  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Payload Management APIs
+  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // A payload may be attached to a status to provide additional context to an
+  // error that may not be satisifed by an existing `absl::StatusCode`.
+  // Typically, this payload serves one of several purposes:
+  //
+  //   * It may provide more fine-grained semantic information about the error
+  //     to facilitate actionable remedies.
+  //   * It may provide human-readable contexual information that is more
+  //     appropriate to display to an end user.
+  //
+  // A payload consists of a [key,value] pair, where the key is a string
+  // referring to a unique "type URL" and the value is an object of type
+  // `absl::Cord` to hold the contextual data.
+  //
+  // The "type URL" should be unique and follow the format of a URL
+  // (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL) and, ideally, provide some
+  // documentation or schema on how to interpret its associated data. For
+  // example, the default type URL for a protobuf message type is
+  // "type.googleapis.com/packagename.messagename". Other custom wire formats
+  // should define the format of type URL in a similar practice so as to
+  // minimize the chance of conflict between type URLs.
+  // Users should ensure that the type URL can be mapped to a concrete
+  // C++ type if they want to deserialize the payload and read it effectively.
+  //
+  // To attach a payload to a status object, call `Status::SetPayload()`,
+  // passing it the type URL and an `absl::Cord` of associated data. Similarly,
+  // to extract the payload from a status, call `Status::GetPayload()`. You
+  // may attach multiple payloads (with differing type URLs) to any given
+  // status object, provided that the status is currently exhibiting an error
+  // code (i.e. is not OK).
+
+  // Status::GetPayload()
+  //
+  // Gets the payload of a status given its unique `type_url` key, if present.
+  absl::optional<absl::Cord> GetPayload(absl::string_view type_url) const;
+
+  // Status::SetPayload()
+  //
+  // Sets the payload for a non-ok status using a `type_url` key, overwriting
+  // any existing payload for that `type_url`.
+  //
+  // NOTE: This function does nothing if the Status is ok.
+  void SetPayload(absl::string_view type_url, absl::Cord payload);
+
+  // Status::ErasePayload()
+  //
+  // Erases the payload corresponding to the `type_url` key.  Returns `true` if
+  // the payload was present.
+  bool ErasePayload(absl::string_view type_url);
+
+  // Status::ForEachPayload()
+  //
+  // Iterates over the stored payloads and calls the
+  // `visitor(type_key, payload)` callable for each one.
+  //
+  // NOTE: The order of calls to `visitor()` is not specified and may change at
+  // any time.
+  //
+  // NOTE: Any mutation on the same 'absl::Status' object during visitation is
+  // forbidden and could result in undefined behavior.
+  void ForEachPayload(
+      const std::function<void(absl::string_view, const absl::Cord&)>& visitor)
+      const;
+
+ private:
+  friend Status CancelledError();
+
+  // Creates a status in the canonical error space with the specified
+  // code, and an empty error message.
+  explicit Status(absl::StatusCode code);
+
+  static void UnrefNonInlined(uintptr_t rep);
+  static void Ref(uintptr_t rep);
+  static void Unref(uintptr_t rep);
+
+  // REQUIRES: !ok()
+  // Ensures rep_ is not shared with any other Status.
+  void PrepareToModify();
+
+  const status_internal::Payloads* GetPayloads() const;
+  status_internal::Payloads* GetPayloads();
+
+  // Takes ownership of payload.
+  static uintptr_t NewRep(absl::StatusCode code, absl::string_view msg,
+                          std::unique_ptr<status_internal::Payloads> payload);
+  static bool EqualsSlow(const absl::Status& a, const absl::Status& b);
+
+  // MSVC 14.0 limitation requires the const.
+  static constexpr const char kMovedFromString[] =
+      "Status accessed after move.";
+
+  static const std::string* EmptyString();
+  static const std::string* MovedFromString();
+
+  // Returns whether rep contains an inlined representation.
+  // See rep_ for details.
+  static bool IsInlined(uintptr_t rep);
+
+  // Indicates whether this Status was the rhs of a move operation. See rep_
+  // for details.
+  static bool IsMovedFrom(uintptr_t rep);
+  static uintptr_t MovedFromRep();
+
+  // Convert between error::Code and the inlined uintptr_t representation used
+  // by rep_. See rep_ for details.
+  static uintptr_t CodeToInlinedRep(absl::StatusCode code);
+  static absl::StatusCode InlinedRepToCode(uintptr_t rep);
+
+  // Converts between StatusRep* and the external uintptr_t representation used
+  // by rep_. See rep_ for details.
+  static uintptr_t PointerToRep(status_internal::StatusRep* r);
+  static status_internal::StatusRep* RepToPointer(uintptr_t r);
+
+  // Returns string for non-ok Status.
+  std::string ToStringSlow() const;
+
+  // Status supports two different representations.
+  //  - When the low bit is off it is an inlined representation.
+  //    It uses the canonical error space, no message or payload.
+  //    The error code is (rep_ >> 2).
+  //    The (rep_ & 2) bit is the "moved from" indicator, used in IsMovedFrom().
+  //  - When the low bit is on it is an external representation.
+  //    In this case all the data comes from a heap allocated Rep object.
+  //    (rep_ - 1) is a status_internal::StatusRep* pointer to that structure.
+  uintptr_t rep_;
+};
+
+// OkStatus()
+//
+// Returns an OK status, equivalent to a default constructed instance. Prefer
+// usage of `absl::OkStatus()` when constructing such an OK status.
+Status OkStatus();
+
+// operator<<()
+//
+// Prints a human-readable representation of `x` to `os`.
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Status& x);
+
+// IsAborted()
+// IsAlreadyExists()
+// IsCancelled()
+// IsDataLoss()
+// IsDeadlineExceeded()
+// IsFailedPrecondition()
+// IsInternal()
+// IsInvalidArgument()
+// IsNotFound()
+// IsOutOfRange()
+// IsPermissionDenied()
+// IsResourceExhausted()
+// IsUnauthenticated()
+// IsUnavailable()
+// IsUnimplemented()
+// IsUnknown()
+//
+// These convenience functions return `true` if a given status matches the
+// `absl::StatusCode` error code of its associated function.
+ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT bool IsAborted(const Status& status);
+ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT bool IsAlreadyExists(const Status& status);
+ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT bool IsCancelled(const Status& status);
+ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT bool IsDataLoss(const Status& status);
+ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT bool IsDeadlineExceeded(const Status& status);
+ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT bool IsFailedPrecondition(const Status& status);
+ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT bool IsInternal(const Status& status);
+ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT bool IsInvalidArgument(const Status& status);
+ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT bool IsNotFound(const Status& status);
+ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT bool IsOutOfRange(const Status& status);
+ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT bool IsPermissionDenied(const Status& status);
+ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT bool IsResourceExhausted(const Status& status);
+ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT bool IsUnauthenticated(const Status& status);
+ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT bool IsUnavailable(const Status& status);
+ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT bool IsUnimplemented(const Status& status);
+ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT bool IsUnknown(const Status& status);
+
+// AbortedError()
+// AlreadyExistsError()
+// CancelledError()
+// DataLossError()
+// DeadlineExceededError()
+// FailedPreconditionError()
+// InternalError()
+// InvalidArgumentError()
+// NotFoundError()
+// OutOfRangeError()
+// PermissionDeniedError()
+// ResourceExhaustedError()
+// UnauthenticatedError()
+// UnavailableError()
+// UnimplementedError()
+// UnknownError()
+//
+// These convenience functions create an `absl::Status` object with an error
+// code as indicated by the associated function name, using the error message
+// passed in `message`.
+Status AbortedError(absl::string_view message);
+Status AlreadyExistsError(absl::string_view message);
+Status CancelledError(absl::string_view message);
+Status DataLossError(absl::string_view message);
+Status DeadlineExceededError(absl::string_view message);
+Status FailedPreconditionError(absl::string_view message);
+Status InternalError(absl::string_view message);
+Status InvalidArgumentError(absl::string_view message);
+Status NotFoundError(absl::string_view message);
+Status OutOfRangeError(absl::string_view message);
+Status PermissionDeniedError(absl::string_view message);
+Status ResourceExhaustedError(absl::string_view message);
+Status UnauthenticatedError(absl::string_view message);
+Status UnavailableError(absl::string_view message);
+Status UnimplementedError(absl::string_view message);
+Status UnknownError(absl::string_view message);
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Implementation details follow
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline Status::Status() : rep_(CodeToInlinedRep(absl::StatusCode::kOk)) {}
+
+inline Status::Status(absl::StatusCode code) : rep_(CodeToInlinedRep(code)) {}
+
+inline Status::Status(const Status& x) : rep_(x.rep_) { Ref(rep_); }
+
+inline Status& Status::operator=(const Status& x) {
+  uintptr_t old_rep = rep_;
+  if (x.rep_ != old_rep) {
+    Ref(x.rep_);
+    rep_ = x.rep_;
+    Unref(old_rep);
+  }
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Status::Status(Status&& x) noexcept : rep_(x.rep_) {
+  x.rep_ = MovedFromRep();
+}
+
+inline Status& Status::operator=(Status&& x) {
+  uintptr_t old_rep = rep_;
+  rep_ = x.rep_;
+  x.rep_ = MovedFromRep();
+  Unref(old_rep);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline void Status::Update(const Status& new_status) {
+  if (ok()) {
+    *this = new_status;
+  }
+}
+
+inline void Status::Update(Status&& new_status) {
+  if (ok()) {
+    *this = std::move(new_status);
+  }
+}
+
+inline Status::~Status() { Unref(rep_); }
+
+inline bool Status::ok() const {
+  return rep_ == CodeToInlinedRep(absl::StatusCode::kOk);
+}
+
+inline absl::string_view Status::message() const {
+  return !IsInlined(rep_)
+             ? RepToPointer(rep_)->message
+             : (IsMovedFrom(rep_) ? absl::string_view(kMovedFromString)
+                                  : absl::string_view());
+}
+
+inline bool operator==(const Status& lhs, const Status& rhs) {
+  return lhs.rep_ == rhs.rep_ || Status::EqualsSlow(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator!=(const Status& lhs, const Status& rhs) {
+  return !(lhs == rhs);
+}
+
+inline std::string Status::ToString() const {
+  return ok() ? "OK" : ToStringSlow();
+}
+
+inline void Status::IgnoreError() const {
+  // no-op
+}
+
+inline void swap(absl::Status& a, absl::Status& b) {
+  using std::swap;
+  swap(a.rep_, b.rep_);
+}
+
+inline const status_internal::Payloads* Status::GetPayloads() const {
+  return IsInlined(rep_) ? nullptr : RepToPointer(rep_)->payloads.get();
+}
+
+inline status_internal::Payloads* Status::GetPayloads() {
+  return IsInlined(rep_) ? nullptr : RepToPointer(rep_)->payloads.get();
+}
+
+inline bool Status::IsInlined(uintptr_t rep) { return (rep & 1) == 0; }
+
+inline bool Status::IsMovedFrom(uintptr_t rep) {
+  return IsInlined(rep) && (rep & 2) != 0;
+}
+
+inline uintptr_t Status::MovedFromRep() {
+  return CodeToInlinedRep(absl::StatusCode::kInternal) | 2;
+}
+
+inline uintptr_t Status::CodeToInlinedRep(absl::StatusCode code) {
+  return static_cast<uintptr_t>(code) << 2;
+}
+
+inline absl::StatusCode Status::InlinedRepToCode(uintptr_t rep) {
+  assert(IsInlined(rep));
+  return static_cast<absl::StatusCode>(rep >> 2);
+}
+
+inline status_internal::StatusRep* Status::RepToPointer(uintptr_t rep) {
+  assert(!IsInlined(rep));
+  return reinterpret_cast<status_internal::StatusRep*>(rep - 1);
+}
+
+inline uintptr_t Status::PointerToRep(status_internal::StatusRep* rep) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(rep) + 1;
+}
+
+inline void Status::Ref(uintptr_t rep) {
+  if (!IsInlined(rep)) {
+    RepToPointer(rep)->ref.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  }
+}
+
+inline void Status::Unref(uintptr_t rep) {
+  if (!IsInlined(rep)) {
+    UnrefNonInlined(rep);
+  }
+}
+
+inline Status OkStatus() { return Status(); }
+
+// Creates a `Status` object with the `absl::StatusCode::kCancelled` error code
+// and an empty message. It is provided only for efficiency, given that
+// message-less kCancelled errors are common in the infrastructure.
+inline Status CancelledError() { return Status(absl::StatusCode::kCancelled); }
+
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
+}  // namespace absl
+
+#endif  // ABSL_STATUS_STATUS_H_