graphql 0.16.0 → 2.0.15

data/lib/graphql/schema/field.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,862 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "graphql/schema/field/connection_extension"
+require "graphql/schema/field/scope_extension"
+
+module GraphQL
+  class Schema
+    class Field
+      include GraphQL::Schema::Member::HasArguments
+      include GraphQL::Schema::Member::HasAstNode
+      include GraphQL::Schema::Member::HasPath
+      include GraphQL::Schema::Member::HasValidators
+      extend GraphQL::Schema::FindInheritedValue
+      include GraphQL::Schema::FindInheritedValue::EmptyObjects
+      include GraphQL::Schema::Member::HasDirectives
+      include GraphQL::Schema::Member::HasDeprecationReason
+
+      class FieldImplementationFailed < GraphQL::Error; end
+
+      # @return [String] the GraphQL name for this field, camelized unless `camelize: false` is provided
+      attr_reader :name
+      alias :graphql_name :name
+
+      attr_writer :description
+
+      # @return [Symbol] Method or hash key on the underlying object to look up
+      attr_reader :method_sym
+
+      # @return [String] Method or hash key on the underlying object to look up
+      attr_reader :method_str
+
+      attr_reader :hash_key
+      attr_reader :dig_keys
+
+      # @return [Symbol] The method on the type to look up
+      def resolver_method
+        if @resolver_class
+          @resolver_class.resolver_method
+        else
+          @resolver_method
+        end
+      end
+
+      # @return [Class] The thing this field was defined on (type, mutation, resolver)
+      attr_accessor :owner
+
+      # @return [Class] The GraphQL type this field belongs to. (For fields defined on mutations, it's the payload type)
+      def owner_type
+        @owner_type ||= if owner.nil?
+          raise GraphQL::InvariantError, "Field #{original_name.inspect} (graphql name: #{graphql_name.inspect}) has no owner, but all fields should have an owner. How did this happen?!"
+        elsif owner < GraphQL::Schema::Mutation
+          owner.payload_type
+        else
+          owner
+        end
+      end
+
+      # @return [Symbol] the original name of the field, passed in by the user
+      attr_reader :original_name
+
+      # @return [Class, nil] The {Schema::Resolver} this field was derived from, if there is one
+      def resolver
+        @resolver_class
+      end
+
+      # @return [Boolean] Is this field a predefined introspection field?
+      def introspection?
+        @introspection
+      end
+
+      def inspect
+        "#<#{self.class} #{path}#{all_argument_definitions.any? ? "(...)" : ""}: #{type.to_type_signature}>"
+      end
+
+      alias :mutation :resolver
+
+      # @return [Boolean] Apply tracing to this field? (Default: skip scalars, this is the override value)
+      attr_reader :trace
+
+      # @return [String, nil]
+      def subscription_scope
+        @subscription_scope || (@resolver_class.respond_to?(:subscription_scope) ? @resolver_class.subscription_scope : nil)
+      end
+      attr_writer :subscription_scope
+
+      # Create a field instance from a list of arguments, keyword arguments, and a block.
+      #
+      # This method implements prioritization between the `resolver` or `mutation` defaults
+      # and the local overrides via other keywords.
+      #
+      # It also normalizes positional arguments into keywords for {Schema::Field#initialize}.
+      # @param resolver [Class] A {GraphQL::Schema::Resolver} class to use for field configuration
+      # @param mutation [Class] A {GraphQL::Schema::Mutation} class to use for field configuration
+      # @param subscription [Class] A {GraphQL::Schema::Subscription} class to use for field configuration
+      # @return [GraphQL::Schema:Field] an instance of `self
+      # @see {.initialize} for other options
+      def self.from_options(name = nil, type = nil, desc = nil, resolver: nil, mutation: nil, subscription: nil,**kwargs, &block)
+        if (resolver_class = resolver || mutation || subscription)
+          # Add a reference to that parent class
+          kwargs[:resolver_class] = resolver_class
+        end
+
+        if name
+          kwargs[:name] = name
+        end
+
+        if !type.nil?
+          if desc
+            if kwargs[:description]
+              raise ArgumentError, "Provide description as a positional argument or `description:` keyword, but not both (#{desc.inspect}, #{kwargs[:description].inspect})"
+            end
+
+            kwargs[:description] = desc
+            kwargs[:type] = type
+          elsif (resolver || mutation) && type.is_a?(String)
+            # The return type should be copied from the resolver, and the second positional argument is the description
+            kwargs[:description] = type
+          else
+            kwargs[:type] = type
+          end
+          if type.is_a?(Class) && type < GraphQL::Schema::Mutation
+            raise ArgumentError, "Use `field #{name.inspect}, mutation: Mutation, ...` to provide a mutation to this field instead"
+          end
+        end
+        new(**kwargs, &block)
+      end
+
+      # Can be set with `connection: true|false` or inferred from a type name ending in `*Connection`
+      # @return [Boolean] if true, this field will be wrapped with Relay connection behavior
+      def connection?
+        if @connection.nil?
+          # Provide default based on type name
+          return_type_name = if @return_type_expr
+            Member::BuildType.to_type_name(@return_type_expr)
+          elsif @resolver_class && @resolver_class.type
+            Member::BuildType.to_type_name(@resolver_class.type)
+          else
+            # As a last ditch, try to force loading the return type:
+            type.unwrap.name
+          end
+          @connection = return_type_name.end_with?("Connection")
+        else
+          @connection
+        end
+      end
+
+      # @return [Boolean] if true, the return type's `.scope_items` method will be applied to this field's return value
+      def scoped?
+        if !@scope.nil?
+          # The default was overridden
+          @scope
+        elsif @return_type_expr
+          # Detect a list return type, but don't call `type` since that may eager-load an otherwise lazy-loaded type
+          @return_type_expr.is_a?(Array) ||
+            (@return_type_expr.is_a?(String) && @return_type_expr.include?("[")) ||
+            connection?
+        elsif @resolver_class
+          resolver_type = @resolver_class.type_expr
+          resolver_type.is_a?(Array) ||
+            (resolver_type.is_a?(String) && resolver_type.include?("[")) ||
+            connection?
+        else
+          false
+        end
+      end
+
+      # This extension is applied to fields when {#connection?} is true.
+      #
+      # You can override it in your base field definition.
+      # @return [Class] A {FieldExtension} subclass for implementing pagination behavior.
+      # @example Configuring a custom extension
+      #   class Types::BaseField < GraphQL::Schema::Field
+      #     connection_extension(MyCustomExtension)
+      #   end
+      def self.connection_extension(new_extension_class = nil)
+        if new_extension_class
+          @connection_extension = new_extension_class
+        else
+          @connection_extension ||= find_inherited_value(:connection_extension, ConnectionExtension)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # @return Boolean
+      attr_reader :relay_node_field
+      # @return Boolean
+      attr_reader :relay_nodes_field
+
+      # @return [Boolean] Should we warn if this field's name conflicts with a built-in method?
+      def method_conflict_warning?
+        @method_conflict_warning
+      end
+
+      # @param name [Symbol] The underscore-cased version of this field name (will be camelized for the GraphQL API)
+      # @param type [Class, GraphQL::BaseType, Array] The return type of this field
+      # @param owner [Class] The type that this field belongs to
+      # @param null [Boolean] (defaults to `true`) `true` if this field may return `null`, `false` if it is never `null`
+      # @param description [String] Field description
+      # @param deprecation_reason [String] If present, the field is marked "deprecated" with this message
+      # @param method [Symbol] The method to call on the underlying object to resolve this field (defaults to `name`)
+      # @param hash_key [String, Symbol] The hash key to lookup on the underlying object (if its a Hash) to resolve this field (defaults to `name` or `name.to_s`)
+      # @param dig [Array<String, Symbol>] The nested hash keys to lookup on the underlying hash to resolve this field using dig
+      # @param resolver_method [Symbol] The method on the type to call to resolve this field (defaults to `name`)
+      # @param connection [Boolean] `true` if this field should get automagic connection behavior; default is to infer by `*Connection` in the return type name
+      # @param connection_extension [Class] The extension to add, to implement connections. If `nil`, no extension is added.
+      # @param max_page_size [Integer, nil] For connections, the maximum number of items to return from this field, or `nil` to allow unlimited results.
+      # @param default_page_size [Integer, nil] For connections, the default number of items to return from this field, or `nil` to return unlimited results.
+      # @param introspection [Boolean] If true, this field will be marked as `#introspection?` and the name may begin with `__`
+      # @param resolver_class [Class] (Private) A {Schema::Resolver} which this field was derived from. Use `resolver:` to create a field with a resolver.
+      # @param arguments [{String=>GraphQL::Schema::Argument, Hash}] Arguments for this field (may be added in the block, also)
+      # @param camelize [Boolean] If true, the field name will be camelized when building the schema
+      # @param complexity [Numeric] When provided, set the complexity for this field
+      # @param scope [Boolean] If true, the return type's `.scope_items` method will be called on the return value
+      # @param subscription_scope [Symbol, String] A key in `context` which will be used to scope subscription payloads
+      # @param extensions [Array<Class, Hash<Class => Object>>] Named extensions to apply to this field (see also {#extension})
+      # @param directives [Hash{Class => Hash}] Directives to apply to this field
+      # @param trace [Boolean] If true, a {GraphQL::Tracing} tracer will measure this scalar field
+      # @param broadcastable [Boolean] Whether or not this field can be distributed in subscription broadcasts
+      # @param ast_node [Language::Nodes::FieldDefinition, nil] If this schema was parsed from definition, this AST node defined the field
+      # @param method_conflict_warning [Boolean] If false, skip the warning if this field's method conflicts with a built-in method
+      # @param validates [Array<Hash>] Configurations for validating this field
+      # @fallback_value [Object] A fallback value if the method is not defined
+      def initialize(type: nil, name: nil, owner: nil, null: nil, description: :not_given, deprecation_reason: nil, method: nil, hash_key: nil, dig: nil, resolver_method: nil, connection: nil, max_page_size: :not_given, default_page_size: :not_given, scope: nil, introspection: false, camelize: true, trace: nil, complexity: nil, ast_node: nil, extras: EMPTY_ARRAY, extensions: EMPTY_ARRAY, connection_extension: self.class.connection_extension, resolver_class: nil, subscription_scope: nil, relay_node_field: false, relay_nodes_field: false, method_conflict_warning: true, broadcastable: nil, arguments: EMPTY_HASH, directives: EMPTY_HASH, validates: EMPTY_ARRAY, fallback_value: :not_given, &definition_block)
+        if name.nil?
+          raise ArgumentError, "missing first `name` argument or keyword `name:`"
+        end
+        if !(resolver_class)
+          if type.nil?
+            raise ArgumentError, "missing second `type` argument or keyword `type:`"
+          end
+        end
+        @original_name = name
+        name_s = -name.to_s
+        @underscored_name = -Member::BuildType.underscore(name_s)
+        @name = -(camelize ? Member::BuildType.camelize(name_s) : name_s)
+        if description != :not_given
+          @description = description
+        end
+        self.deprecation_reason = deprecation_reason
+
+        if method && hash_key && dig
+          raise ArgumentError, "Provide `method:`, `hash_key:` _or_ `dig:`, not multiple. (called with: `method: #{method.inspect}, hash_key: #{hash_key.inspect}, dig: #{dig.inspect}`)"
+        end
+
+        if resolver_method
+          if method
+            raise ArgumentError, "Provide `method:` _or_ `resolver_method:`, not both. (called with: `method: #{method.inspect}, resolver_method: #{resolver_method.inspect}`)"
+          end
+
+          if hash_key || dig
+            raise ArgumentError, "Provide `hash_key:`, `dig:`, _or_ `resolver_method:`, not multiple. (called with: `hash_key: #{hash_key.inspect}, dig: #{dig.inspect}, resolver_method: #{resolver_method.inspect}`)"
+          end
+        end
+
+        method_name = method || hash_key || name_s
+        @dig_keys = dig
+        if hash_key
+          @hash_key = hash_key
+          @hash_key_str = hash_key.to_s
+        end
+
+        @method_str = -method_name.to_s
+        @method_sym = method_name.to_sym
+        @resolver_method = (resolver_method || name_s).to_sym
+        @complexity = complexity
+        @return_type_expr = type
+        @return_type_null = if !null.nil?
+          null
+        elsif resolver_class
+          nil
+        else
+          true
+        end
+        @connection = connection
+        @has_max_page_size = max_page_size != :not_given
+        @max_page_size = max_page_size == :not_given ? nil : max_page_size
+        @has_default_page_size = default_page_size != :not_given
+        @default_page_size = default_page_size == :not_given ? nil : default_page_size
+        @introspection = introspection
+        @extras = extras
+        if !broadcastable.nil?
+          @broadcastable = broadcastable
+        end
+        @resolver_class = resolver_class
+        @scope = scope
+        @trace = trace
+        @relay_node_field = relay_node_field
+        @relay_nodes_field = relay_nodes_field
+        @ast_node = ast_node
+        @method_conflict_warning = method_conflict_warning
+        @fallback_value = fallback_value
+
+        arguments.each do |name, arg|
+          case arg
+          when Hash
+            argument(name: name, **arg)
+          when GraphQL::Schema::Argument
+            add_argument(arg)
+          when Array
+            arg.each { |a| add_argument(a) }
+          else
+            raise ArgumentError, "Unexpected argument config (#{arg.class}): #{arg.inspect}"
+          end
+        end
+
+        @owner = owner
+        @subscription_scope = subscription_scope
+
+        @extensions = EMPTY_ARRAY
+        @call_after_define = false
+        # This should run before connection extension,
+        # but should it run after the definition block?
+        if scoped?
+          self.extension(ScopeExtension)
+        end
+
+        # The problem with putting this after the definition_block
+        # is that it would override arguments
+        if connection? && connection_extension
+          self.extension(connection_extension)
+        end
+
+        # Do this last so we have as much context as possible when initializing them:
+        if extensions.any?
+          self.extensions(extensions)
+        end
+
+        if resolver_class && resolver_class.extensions.any?
+          self.extensions(resolver_class.extensions)
+        end
+
+        if directives.any?
+          directives.each do |(dir_class, options)|
+            self.directive(dir_class, **options)
+          end
+        end
+
+        if !validates.empty?
+          self.validates(validates)
+        end
+
+        if definition_block
+          if definition_block.arity == 1
+            yield self
+          else
+            instance_eval(&definition_block)
+          end
+        end
+
+        self.extensions.each(&:after_define_apply)
+        @call_after_define = true
+      end
+
+      # If true, subscription updates with this field can be shared between viewers
+      # @return [Boolean, nil]
+      # @see GraphQL::Subscriptions::BroadcastAnalyzer
+      def broadcastable?
+        if defined?(@broadcastable)
+          @broadcastable
+        elsif @resolver_class
+          @resolver_class.broadcastable?
+        else
+          nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      # @param text [String]
+      # @return [String]
+      def description(text = nil)
+        if text
+          @description = text
+        elsif defined?(@description)
+          @description
+        elsif @resolver_class
+          @description || @resolver_class.description
+        else
+          nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Read extension instances from this field,
+      # or add new classes/options to be initialized on this field.
+      # Extensions are executed in the order they are added.
+      #
+      # @example adding an extension
+      #   extensions([MyExtensionClass])
+      #
+      # @example adding multiple extensions
+      #   extensions([MyExtensionClass, AnotherExtensionClass])
+      #
+      # @example adding an extension with options
+      #   extensions([MyExtensionClass, { AnotherExtensionClass => { filter: true } }])
+      #
+      # @param extensions [Array<Class, Hash<Class => Hash>>] Add extensions to this field. For hash elements, only the first key/value is used.
+      # @return [Array<GraphQL::Schema::FieldExtension>] extensions to apply to this field
+      def extensions(new_extensions = nil)
+        if new_extensions
+          new_extensions.each do |extension_config|
+            if extension_config.is_a?(Hash)
+              extension_class, options = *extension_config.to_a[0]
+              self.extension(extension_class, options)
+            else
+              self.extension(extension_config)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+        @extensions
+      end
+
+      # Add `extension` to this field, initialized with `options` if provided.
+      #
+      # @example adding an extension
+      #   extension(MyExtensionClass)
+      #
+      # @example adding an extension with options
+      #   extension(MyExtensionClass, filter: true)
+      #
+      # @param extension_class [Class] subclass of {Schema::FieldExtension}
+      # @param options [Hash] if provided, given as `options:` when initializing `extension`.
+      # @return [void]
+      def extension(extension_class, options = nil)
+        extension_inst = extension_class.new(field: self, options: options)
+        if @extensions.frozen?
+          @extensions = @extensions.dup
+        end
+        if @call_after_define
+          extension_inst.after_define_apply
+        end
+        @extensions << extension_inst
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Read extras (as symbols) from this field,
+      # or add new extras to be opted into by this field's resolver.
+      #
+      # @param new_extras [Array<Symbol>] Add extras to this field
+      # @return [Array<Symbol>]
+      def extras(new_extras = nil)
+        if new_extras.nil?
+          # Read the value
+          field_extras = @extras
+          if @resolver_class && @resolver_class.extras.any?
+            field_extras + @resolver_class.extras
+          else
+            field_extras
+          end
+        else
+          if @extras.frozen?
+            @extras = @extras.dup
+          end
+          # Append to the set of extras on this field
+          @extras.concat(new_extras)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def calculate_complexity(query:, nodes:, child_complexity:)
+        if respond_to?(:complexity_for)
+          lookahead = GraphQL::Execution::Lookahead.new(query: query, field: self, ast_nodes: nodes, owner_type: owner)
+          complexity_for(child_complexity: child_complexity, query: query, lookahead: lookahead)
+        elsif connection?
+          arguments = query.arguments_for(nodes.first, self)
+          max_possible_page_size = nil
+          if arguments.respond_to?(:[]) # It might have been an error
+            if arguments[:first]
+              max_possible_page_size = arguments[:first]
+            end
+
+            if arguments[:last] && (max_possible_page_size.nil? || arguments[:last] > max_possible_page_size)
+              max_possible_page_size = arguments[:last]
+            end
+          end
+
+          if max_possible_page_size.nil?
+            max_possible_page_size = default_page_size || query.schema.default_page_size || max_page_size || query.schema.default_max_page_size
+          end
+
+          if max_possible_page_size.nil?
+            raise GraphQL::Error, "Can't calculate complexity for #{path}, no `first:`, `last:`, `default_page_size`, `max_page_size` or `default_max_page_size`"
+          else
+            metadata_complexity = 0
+            lookahead = GraphQL::Execution::Lookahead.new(query: query, field: self, ast_nodes: nodes, owner_type: owner)
+
+            if (page_info_lookahead = lookahead.selection(:page_info)).selected?
+              metadata_complexity += 1 # pageInfo
+              metadata_complexity += page_info_lookahead.selections.size # subfields
+            end
+
+            if lookahead.selects?(:total) || lookahead.selects?(:total_count) || lookahead.selects?(:count)
+              metadata_complexity += 1
+            end
+
+            nodes_edges_complexity = 0
+            nodes_edges_complexity += 1 if lookahead.selects?(:edges)
+            nodes_edges_complexity += 1 if lookahead.selects?(:nodes)
+
+            # Possible bug: selections on `edges` and `nodes` are _both_ multiplied here. Should they be?
+            items_complexity = child_complexity - metadata_complexity - nodes_edges_complexity
+            # Add 1 for _this_ field
+            1 + (max_possible_page_size * items_complexity) + metadata_complexity + nodes_edges_complexity
+          end
+        else
+          defined_complexity = complexity
+          case defined_complexity
+          when Proc
+            arguments = query.arguments_for(nodes.first, self)
+            if arguments.is_a?(GraphQL::ExecutionError)
+              return child_complexity
+            elsif arguments.respond_to?(:keyword_arguments)
+              arguments = arguments.keyword_arguments
+            end
+
+            defined_complexity.call(query.context, arguments, child_complexity)
+          when Numeric
+            defined_complexity + child_complexity
+          else
+            raise("Invalid complexity: #{defined_complexity.inspect} on #{path} (#{inspect})")
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def complexity(new_complexity = nil)
+        case new_complexity
+        when Proc
+          if new_complexity.parameters.size != 3
+            fail(
+              "A complexity proc should always accept 3 parameters: ctx, args, child_complexity. "\
+              "E.g.: complexity ->(ctx, args, child_complexity) { child_complexity * args[:limit] }"
+            )
+          else
+            @complexity = new_complexity
+          end
+        when Numeric
+          @complexity = new_complexity
+        when nil
+          if @resolver_class
+            @complexity || @resolver_class.complexity || 1
+          else
+            @complexity || 1
+          end
+        else
+          raise("Invalid complexity: #{new_complexity.inspect} on #{@name}")
+        end
+      end
+
+      # @return [Boolean] True if this field's {#max_page_size} should override the schema default.
+      def has_max_page_size?
+        @has_max_page_size || (@resolver_class && @resolver_class.has_max_page_size?)
+      end
+
+      # @return [Integer, nil] Applied to connections if {#has_max_page_size?}
+      def max_page_size
+        @max_page_size || (@resolver_class && @resolver_class.max_page_size)
+      end
+
+      # @return [Boolean] True if this field's {#default_page_size} should override the schema default.
+      def has_default_page_size?
+        @has_default_page_size || (@resolver_class && @resolver_class.has_default_page_size?)
+      end
+
+      # @return [Integer, nil] Applied to connections if {#has_default_page_size?}
+      def default_page_size
+        @default_page_size || (@resolver_class && @resolver_class.default_page_size)
+      end
+
+      class MissingReturnTypeError < GraphQL::Error; end
+      attr_writer :type
+
+      def type
+        if @resolver_class
+          return_type = @return_type_expr || @resolver_class.type_expr
+          if return_type.nil?
+            raise MissingReturnTypeError, "Can't determine the return type for #{self.path} (it has `resolver: #{@resolver_class}`, perhaps that class is missing a `type ...` declaration, or perhaps its type causes a cyclical loading issue)"
+          end
+          nullable = @return_type_null.nil? ? @resolver_class.null : @return_type_null
+          Member::BuildType.parse_type(return_type, null: nullable)
+        else
+          @type ||= Member::BuildType.parse_type(@return_type_expr, null: @return_type_null)
+        end
+      rescue GraphQL::Schema::InvalidDocumentError, MissingReturnTypeError => err
+        # Let this propagate up
+        raise err
+      rescue StandardError => err
+        raise MissingReturnTypeError, "Failed to build return type for #{@owner.graphql_name}.#{name} from #{@return_type_expr.inspect}: (#{err.class}) #{err.message}", err.backtrace
+      end
+
+      def visible?(context)
+        if @resolver_class
+          @resolver_class.visible?(context)
+        else
+          true
+        end
+      end
+
+      def accessible?(context)
+        if @resolver_class
+          @resolver_class.accessible?(context)
+        else
+          true
+        end
+      end
+
+      def authorized?(object, args, context)
+        if @resolver_class
+          # The resolver _instance_ will check itself during `resolve()`
+          @resolver_class.authorized?(object, context)
+        else
+          if (arg_values = context[:current_arguments])
+            # ^^ that's provided by the interpreter at runtime, and includes info about whether the default value was used or not.
+            using_arg_values = true
+            arg_values = arg_values.argument_values
+          else
+            arg_values = args
+            using_arg_values = false
+          end
+          # Faster than `.any?`
+          arguments(context).each_value do |arg|
+            arg_key = arg.keyword
+            if arg_values.key?(arg_key)
+              arg_value = arg_values[arg_key]
+              if using_arg_values
+                if arg_value.default_used?
+                  # pass -- no auth required for default used
+                  next
+                else
+                  application_arg_value = arg_value.value
+                  if application_arg_value.is_a?(GraphQL::Execution::Interpreter::Arguments)
+                    application_arg_value.keyword_arguments
+                  end
+                end
+              else
+                application_arg_value = arg_value
+              end
+
+              if !arg.authorized?(object, application_arg_value, context)
+                return false
+              end
+            end
+          end
+          true
+        end
+      end
+
+      # This method is called by the interpreter for each field.
+      # You can extend it in your base field classes.
+      # @param object [GraphQL::Schema::Object] An instance of some type class, wrapping an application object
+      # @param args [Hash] A symbol-keyed hash of Ruby keyword arguments. (Empty if no args)
+      # @param ctx [GraphQL::Query::Context]
+      def resolve(object, args, query_ctx)
+        # Unwrap the GraphQL object to get the application object.
+        application_object = object.object
+        method_receiver = nil
+        method_to_call = nil
+        method_args = nil
+
+        Schema::Validator.validate!(validators, application_object, query_ctx, args)
+
+        query_ctx.schema.after_lazy(self.authorized?(application_object, args, query_ctx)) do |is_authorized|
+          if is_authorized
+            with_extensions(object, args, query_ctx) do |obj, ruby_kwargs|
+              method_args = ruby_kwargs
+              if @resolver_class
+                if obj.is_a?(GraphQL::Schema::Object)
+                  obj = obj.object
+                end
+                obj = @resolver_class.new(object: obj, context: query_ctx, field: self)
+              end
+
+              inner_object = obj.object
+
+              if defined?(@hash_key)
+                hash_value = if inner_object.is_a?(Hash)
+                  inner_object.key?(@hash_key) ? inner_object[@hash_key] : inner_object[@hash_key_str]
+                elsif inner_object.respond_to?(:[])
+                  inner_object[@hash_key]
+                else
+                  nil
+                end
+                if hash_value == false
+                  hash_value
+                else
+                  hash_value || (@fallback_value != :not_given ? @fallback_value : nil)
+                end
+              elsif obj.respond_to?(resolver_method)
+                method_to_call = resolver_method
+                method_receiver = obj
+                # Call the method with kwargs, if there are any
+                if ruby_kwargs.any?
+                  obj.public_send(resolver_method, **ruby_kwargs)
+                else
+                  obj.public_send(resolver_method)
+                end
+              elsif inner_object.is_a?(Hash)
+                if @dig_keys
+                  inner_object.dig(*@dig_keys)
+                elsif inner_object.key?(@method_sym)
+                  inner_object[@method_sym]
+                elsif inner_object.key?(@method_str)
+                  inner_object[@method_str]
+                elsif @fallback_value != :not_given
+                  @fallback_value
+                else
+                  nil
+                end
+              elsif inner_object.respond_to?(@method_sym)
+                method_to_call = @method_sym
+                method_receiver = obj.object
+                if ruby_kwargs.any?
+                  inner_object.public_send(@method_sym, **ruby_kwargs)
+                else
+                  inner_object.public_send(@method_sym)
+                end
+              elsif @fallback_value != :not_given
+                @fallback_value
+              else
+                raise <<-ERR
+              Failed to implement #{@owner.graphql_name}.#{@name}, tried:
+
+              - `#{obj.class}##{resolver_method}`, which did not exist
+              - `#{inner_object.class}##{@method_sym}`, which did not exist
+              - Looking up hash key `#{@method_sym.inspect}` or `#{@method_str.inspect}` on `#{inner_object}`, but it wasn't a Hash
+
+              To implement this field, define one of the methods above (and check for typos), or supply a `fallback_value`.
+              ERR
+              end
+            end
+          else
+            raise GraphQL::UnauthorizedFieldError.new(object: application_object, type: object.class, context: query_ctx, field: self)
+          end
+        end
+      rescue GraphQL::UnauthorizedFieldError => err
+        err.field ||= self
+        begin
+          query_ctx.schema.unauthorized_field(err)
+        rescue GraphQL::ExecutionError => err
+          err
+        end
+      rescue GraphQL::UnauthorizedError => err
+        begin
+          query_ctx.schema.unauthorized_object(err)
+        rescue GraphQL::ExecutionError => err
+          err
+        end
+      rescue ArgumentError
+        if method_receiver && method_to_call
+          assert_satisfactory_implementation(method_receiver, method_to_call, method_args)
+        end
+        # if the line above doesn't raise, re-raise
+        raise
+      end
+
+      # @param ctx [GraphQL::Query::Context]
+      def fetch_extra(extra_name, ctx)
+        if extra_name != :path && extra_name != :ast_node && respond_to?(extra_name)
+          self.public_send(extra_name)
+        elsif ctx.respond_to?(extra_name)
+          ctx.public_send(extra_name)
+        else
+          raise GraphQL::RequiredImplementationMissingError, "Unknown field extra for #{self.path}: #{extra_name.inspect}"
+        end
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def assert_satisfactory_implementation(receiver, method_name, ruby_kwargs)
+        method_defn = receiver.method(method_name)
+        unsatisfied_ruby_kwargs = ruby_kwargs.dup
+        unsatisfied_method_params = []
+        encountered_keyrest = false
+        method_defn.parameters.each do |(param_type, param_name)|
+          case param_type
+          when :key
+            unsatisfied_ruby_kwargs.delete(param_name)
+          when :keyreq
+            if unsatisfied_ruby_kwargs.key?(param_name)
+              unsatisfied_ruby_kwargs.delete(param_name)
+            else
+              unsatisfied_method_params << "- `#{param_name}:` is required by Ruby, but not by GraphQL. Consider `#{param_name}: nil` instead, or making this argument required in GraphQL."
+            end
+          when :keyrest
+            encountered_keyrest = true
+          when :req
+            unsatisfied_method_params << "- `#{param_name}` is required by Ruby, but GraphQL doesn't pass positional arguments. If it's meant to be a GraphQL argument, use `#{param_name}:` instead. Otherwise, remove it."
+          when :opt, :rest
+            # This is fine, although it will never be present
+          end
+        end
+
+        if encountered_keyrest
+          unsatisfied_ruby_kwargs.clear
+        end
+
+        if unsatisfied_ruby_kwargs.any? || unsatisfied_method_params.any?
+          raise FieldImplementationFailed.new, <<-ERR
+Failed to call `#{method_name.inspect}` on #{receiver.inspect} because the Ruby method params were incompatible with the GraphQL arguments:
+
+#{ unsatisfied_ruby_kwargs
+    .map { |key, value| "- `#{key}: #{value}` was given by GraphQL but not defined in the Ruby method. Add `#{key}:` to the method parameters." }
+    .concat(unsatisfied_method_params)
+    .join("\n") }
+ERR
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Wrap execution with hooks.
+      # Written iteratively to avoid big stack traces.
+      # @return [Object] Whatever the
+      def with_extensions(obj, args, ctx)
+        if @extensions.empty?
+          yield(obj, args)
+        else
+          # This is a hack to get the _last_ value for extended obj and args,
+          # in case one of the extensions doesn't `yield`.
+          # (There's another implementation that uses multiple-return, but I'm wary of the perf cost of the extra arrays)
+          extended = { args: args, obj: obj, memos: nil, added_extras: nil }
+          value = run_extensions_before_resolve(obj, args, ctx, extended) do |obj, args|
+            if (added_extras = extended[:added_extras])
+              args = args.dup
+              added_extras.each { |e| args.delete(e) }
+            end
+            yield(obj, args)
+          end
+
+          extended_obj = extended[:obj]
+          extended_args = extended[:args]
+          memos = extended[:memos] || EMPTY_HASH
+
+          ctx.schema.after_lazy(value) do |resolved_value|
+            idx = 0
+            @extensions.each do |ext|
+              memo = memos[idx]
+              # TODO after_lazy?
+              resolved_value = ext.after_resolve(object: extended_obj, arguments: extended_args, context: ctx, value: resolved_value, memo: memo)
+              idx += 1
+            end
+            resolved_value
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def run_extensions_before_resolve(obj, args, ctx, extended, idx: 0)
+        extension = @extensions[idx]
+        if extension
+          extension.resolve(object: obj, arguments: args, context: ctx) do |extended_obj, extended_args, memo|
+            if memo
+              memos = extended[:memos] ||= {}
+              memos[idx] = memo
+            end
+
+            if (extras = extension.added_extras)
+              ae = extended[:added_extras] ||= []
+              ae.concat(extras)
+            end
+
+            extended[:obj] = extended_obj
+            extended[:args] = extended_args
+            run_extensions_before_resolve(extended_obj, extended_args, ctx, extended, idx: idx + 1) { |o, a| yield(o, a) }
+          end
+        else
+          yield(obj, args)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end