grammar_cop 0.1.0

data/ext/link_grammar/link-grammar/sat-solver/sat-encoder.h

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include "../api.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_SAT_SOLVER
+int sat_parse(Sentence sent, Parse_Options  opts);
+Linkage sat_create_linkage(int k, Sentence sent, Parse_Options  opts);
+void sat_sentence_delete(Sentence sent);
+#else
+static inline int sat_parse(Sentence sent, Parse_Options  opts) { return -1; }
+static inline Linkage sat_create_linkage(int k, Sentence sent, Parse_Options  opts) { return NULL; }
+static inline void sat_sentence_delete(Sentence sent) {}
+#endif

data/ext/link_grammar/link-grammar/sat-solver/sat-encoder.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+extern "C" {
+#include <link-grammar/api.h>
+}
+
+extern "C" int sat_encode(Sentence sent, Parse_Options  opts);
+extern "C" Linkage sat_create_linkage(int k, Sentence sent, Parse_Options  opts);
+extern "C" void sat_sentence_delete(Sentence sent);
+
+#include "word-tag.hpp"
+
+/**
+ *    Base class for all SAT encodings
+ */
+class SATEncoder {
+public:
+
+  // Construct the encoder based on given sentence
+  SATEncoder(Sentence sent, Parse_Options  opts)
+    : _sent(sent), _opts(opts), _solver(new Solver()), _variables(new Variables(sent)) {
+    // Preprocess word tags of the sentence
+    build_word_tags();
+  }
+
+  virtual ~SATEncoder()
+  {
+    delete _variables;
+    delete _solver;
+  }
+
+  // Create the formula from the sentence
+  void encode();
+
+  // Solve the formula, returning the next linkage.
+  Linkage get_next_linkage();
+ 
+protected:
+
+  /**
+   *  Methods that generate various link-grammar constraints.
+   */
+
+  // Top-level method that generates satisfaction conditions for every
+  // word in the sentence
+  void generate_satisfaction_conditions();
+
+  // Generates satisfaction conditions for the word-tag expression e
+  void generate_satisfaction_for_expression(int w, int& dfs_position, Exp* e, char* var, int parrent_cost);
+
+  // Handle the case of NULL expression of a word
+  virtual void handle_null_expression(int w) = 0;
+
+  // Determine if this word-tag must be satisfied and generate appropriate clauses
+  virtual void determine_satisfaction(int w, char* name) = 0;
+
+  // Generates satisfaction condition for the connector (wi, pi)
+  virtual void generate_satisfaction_for_connector(int wi, int pi, const char* Ci, 
+						   char dir, bool multi, int cost, char* var) = 0;
+
+  // Definition of link_cw((wi, pi), wj) variables when wj is an ordinary word
+  void generate_link_cw_ordinary_definition(int wi, int pi, const char* Ci, char dir, int cost, int wj);
+
+  // Generates order constraints for the elements of a conjunction.
+  void generate_conjunct_order_constraints(int w, Exp *e1, Exp* e2, int& dfs_position);
+
+  /**
+   *  Methods used for optimizing conjunction ordering constraints
+   */
+
+  // Number of connectors in an expression
+  int num_connectors(Exp* e);
+  
+  // This expression can be matched without using any connectors of
+  // the given direction
+  static int  empty_connectors(Exp* exp, char dir);
+
+  // This expression can be matched while using a connector of the
+  // given direction
+  static int  non_empty_connectors(Exp* exp, char dir);
+
+  // Trailing connectors of a given direction in the given expression
+  void trailing_connectors(int w, Exp* exp, char dir, int& dfs_position, 
+			   std::vector<PositionConnector*>& connectors);
+  bool trailing_connectors_and_aux(int w, E_list* l, char dir, int& dfs_position, 
+				   std::vector<PositionConnector*>& connectors);
+
+  // Connectors of the given direction that cannot be trailing
+  // connectors
+  void certainly_non_trailing(int w, Exp* exp, char dir, int& dfs_position,
+			      std::vector<PositionConnector*>& connectors, bool has_right);
+
+  // Connectors that can act as leading connectors of a given
+  // direction in the given direction
+  void leading_connectors(int w, Exp* exp, char dir, int& dfs_position, 
+			  std::vector<PositionConnector*>& connectors);
+  
+  /**
+   *  Definitions of linked(wi, wj) variables.
+   */
+
+  // Define all linked(wi, wj) variables
+  virtual void generate_linked_definitions() = 0;
+
+  // In order to reduce the number of clauses, some linked(wi, wj)
+  // variables can apriori be eliminated. The information about pairs
+  // of words that can be linked is kept in this matrix.
+  MatrixUpperTriangle<int> _linked_possible;
+
+  /**
+   *  Planarity constraints
+   */
+
+  // Generates clauses that forbid link-crossing
+  void generate_planarity_conditions();
+  // Stronger planarity pruning
+  void generate_linked_min_max_planarity();
+
+
+  /**
+   *  Connectivity constraints
+   */
+
+#ifdef _CONNECTIVITY_
+  // Generate clauses that encode the connectivity requirement of the
+  // linkage. Experiments showed that it is better to check the
+  // connectivity aposteriori and this method has been excised.
+  void generate_connectivity();
+#endif
+
+
+  // Helper method for connectivity_components
+  static void dfs(int node, const MatrixUpperTriangle<int>& graph, int component, std::vector<int>& components);
+
+  // Extract connectivity components of a linkage. Return true iff the linkage is connected.
+  bool connectivity_components(std::vector<int>& components);
+
+  // Generate clauses that prohibit all disconnected linkages that
+  // have the specified connectivity components.
+  void generate_disconnectivity_prohibiting(std::vector<int> components);
+
+
+  /**
+   *   Encoding specific clauses - override to add clauses that are
+   *   specific to a certain encoding
+   */
+  virtual void generate_encoding_specific_clauses() {}
+
+
+  /**
+   *   Post-processing - PP pruning
+   */
+
+  // Generates PP pruning clauses.
+  void pp_prune();
+  bool post_process_linkage(Linkage linkage);
+
+
+  /**
+   *   Power pruning
+   */
+  // Generate definition of epsilon variables that are used for power
+  // pruning
+  void generate_epsilon_definitions();
+  bool generate_epsilon_for_expression(int w, int& dfs_position, Exp* e, char* var, bool root, char dir);
+
+
+  // Power pruning
+  void power_prune();
+  // auxiliary method that extends power pruning clauses with additional literals 
+  // (e.g., link should not be power-prunned if there words are fat-linked)
+  virtual void add_additional_power_pruning_conditions(vec<Lit>& clause, int wl, int wr) 
+  {}
+
+
+
+  /**
+   *   Cost cutoff
+   */
+  
+  // Cost cutoff treshold value. Nodes of the expression tree are
+  // pruned if their cost exceeds this value. Cost cutoff is performed
+  // during satisfaction condition generating.
+  static const int _cost_cutoff = 2;
+
+
+  /**
+   *   Creating clauses and passing them to the MiniSAT solver
+   */
+
+  // Add the specified clause to the solver
+  void add_clause(vec<Lit>& clause) {
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+    print_clause(clause);
+#endif
+    for (int i = 0; i < clause.size(); i++) {
+      while (var(clause[i]) >= _solver->nVars()) {
+	_solver->newVar();
+      }
+    }
+    _solver->addClause(clause);
+  }
+  
+
+  // Print clause literals to standard output
+  static void print_clause(const vec<Lit>& clause) {
+    static int num = 1;
+
+    cout << "Clause: ." << num++ << ". ";
+    for (int i = 0; i < clause.size(); i++)
+      cout << (sign(clause[i]) ? '-' : '+') << var(clause[i]) << " ";
+    cout << endl;  
+  }
+
+
+
+  /**
+   *   Conversion of various formula types to CNF. Clauses obtained
+   *   are automatically passed to the SAT Solver.
+   */
+  void generate_literal(Lit l);
+  void generate_and_definition(Lit lhs, vec<Lit>& rhs);
+  void generate_or_definition(Lit lhs, vec<Lit>& rhs);
+  void generate_xor_definition(Lit lhs, vec<Lit>& rhs);
+  void generate_equivalence_definition(Lit l1, Lit l2);
+  void generate_classical_and_definition(Lit lhs, vec<Lit>& rhs);
+  void generate_and(vec<Lit>& vect);
+  void generate_or(vec<Lit>& vect);
+  void generate_xor_conditions(vec<Lit>& vect);
+  void generate_conditional_or_definition(Lit condition, Lit lhs, vec<Lit>& rhs);
+  void generate_conditional_lr_implication_or_definition(Lit condition, Lit lhs, vec<Lit>& rhs);
+  void generate_conditional_lr_implication_or_definition(Lit condition1, Lit condition2, Lit lhs, vec<Lit>& rhs);
+
+  /*
+   *   Word tags of the words in a sentence kept in a preprocessed
+   *   form. This enables users to get information about the
+   *   connectors in a very eficient way.
+   */
+  // Word tags
+  std::vector<WordTag> _word_tags;
+
+  // Initializes _word_tags array
+  void build_word_tags();
+
+
+  // Find all matching connectors between two words
+  void find_all_matches_between_words(int w1, int w2, 
+				      std::vector<std::pair<const PositionConnector*, const PositionConnector*> >& matches);
+
+  // Check if the connector (wi, pi) can match any word in [l, r)
+  bool matches_in_interval(int wi, int pi, int l, int r);  
+  
+  
+  // Join several expressions corresponding to different dictionary
+  // entries of a word into a single expression.
+  Exp* join_alternatives(int w); 
+
+  // Erase auxiliary expression tree nodes obtained by joining several
+  // expressions into one.
+  void free_alternatives(Exp* e);
+
+
+  /**
+   * Decoding
+   */
+
+  // Convert propositional model to a parse info structure
+  virtual bool extract_links(Parse_info pi) = 0;
+
+  // Create linkage from a propositional model
+  Linkage create_linkage();
+
+  // Generate clause that prohibits the current model
+  void generate_linkage_prohibiting();
+
+
+  // Object that contains all information about the variable
+  // encoding.
+  Variables* _variables;
+
+  // The MiniSAT solver instance. The solver keeps the set of clauses.
+  Solver* _solver;
+  
+  // Sentence that is being parsed.
+  Sentence _sent;
+
+  // Parse options.
+  Parse_Options  _opts;
+
+};
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ *       SAT encoding for sentences that do not contain conjunction.           *
+ *******************************************************************************/
+class SATEncoderConjunctionFreeSentences : public SATEncoder {
+public:
+  SATEncoderConjunctionFreeSentences(Sentence sent, Parse_Options  opts)
+    : SATEncoder(sent, opts) {
+  }
+
+  virtual void handle_null_expression(int w);
+  virtual void determine_satisfaction(int w, char* name);
+  virtual void generate_satisfaction_for_connector(int wi, int pi, const char* Ci, 
+						   char dir, bool multi, int cost, char* var);
+
+
+  virtual void generate_linked_definitions();
+  virtual bool extract_links(Parse_info pi);
+
+  virtual void generate_encoding_specific_clauses();
+};
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ *              SAT encoding for sentences that contain conjunction.           *
+ *******************************************************************************/
+class SATEncoderConjunctiveSentences : public SATEncoder {
+public:
+  SATEncoderConjunctiveSentences(Sentence sent, Parse_Options  opts)
+    : SATEncoder(sent, opts) {
+    init_connective_words();
+  }  
+
+private:
+  virtual void handle_null_expression(int w);
+  virtual void determine_satisfaction(int w, char* name);
+
+  virtual void generate_satisfaction_for_connector(int wi, int pi, const char* Ci, 
+						   char dir, bool multi, int cost, char* var);
+
+  virtual void add_additional_power_pruning_conditions(vec<Lit>& clause, int wl, int wr);
+
+  virtual void generate_encoding_specific_clauses();
+
+  // various fat-link conditions	
+  void either_tag_or_fat_link(int w, Lit tag);
+  void generate_fat_link_up_definitions();
+  void generate_fat_link_down_definitions();
+  void generate_fat_link_up_between_down_conditions();
+  void generate_fat_link_comma_conditions();
+  void generate_fat_link_crossover_conditions();
+  void generate_fat_link_Left_Wall_not_inside();
+  void generate_fat_link_linked_upperside();
+  void generate_fat_link_existence();
+  void generate_fat_link_neighbor();
+  void generate_label_compatibility();
+
+  // link_cw variables
+
+  bool link_cw_possible(int wi, int pi, const char* Ci, char dir, int w, int llim, int rlim);
+  bool link_cw_possible_with_fld(int wi, int pi, const char* Ci, char dir, int w, int llim, int rlim);
+
+  void generate_link_cw_connective_impossible         (int wi, int pi, const char* Ci, int wj);
+  void generate_link_cw_connective_definition         (int wi, int pi, const char* Cj, int wj);
+
+  // link_top_cw variables
+  void generate_link_top_cw_up_definition                  (int wi, 
+							    int wj, int pj, const char* Cj, bool multi);
+  void generate_link_top_cw_iff_link_cw                    (int wi, 
+							    int wj, int pj, const char* Cj);  
+  // link_top_ww
+  void generate_link_top_ww_connective_comma_definition    (Lit lhs, int wi, int wj);
+
+  // link_ww
+  virtual void generate_linked_definitions();
+
+  // Linkage extraction from the model
+  void get_satisfied_link_top_cw_connectors(int word, int top_word, std::vector<int>& link_top_cw_vars);
+  virtual bool extract_links(Parse_info pi);
+
+  // Initialize the vector of connective words of this sentence
+  void init_connective_words();
+
+  // Words that are connectives or commas
+  std::vector<int> _connectives;
+
+  // Cache isConnectiveOrComma results for faster checking
+  std::vector<bool> _is_connective_or_comma;
+
+  bool isConnectiveOrComma(int w) {
+    return _is_connective_or_comma[w];
+  }
+};

data/ext/link_grammar/link-grammar/sat-solver/trie.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#ifndef __TRIE_HPP__
+#define __TRIE_HPP__
+
+#include <string>
+
+/* 
+   Trie that supports strings made out of alphabeth letters, 
+   digits and underscores 
+*/
+template<class T>
+class Trie {
+public:
+  Trie();
+  ~Trie();
+
+  void insert(const char* key, T value);
+  T lookup(const char* key);
+
+  // returned in the key is not found in the trie
+  const static int NOT_FOUND = -1;
+
+private:
+  // no copying
+  Trie(const Trie&);
+  void operator=(const Trie& t);
+
+
+
+  // Number of supported chars - digits + upper + lower + other
+  const static int NUM_CHARS = 10 + 1 + 10 + 1;
+  // hash chars 
+  int char_to_pos(char c);
+
+  bool _terminal;
+  Trie* _next[NUM_CHARS];
+  T _value;
+};
+
+
+template <class T>
+Trie<T>::Trie() 
+  : _terminal(false) {
+  memset(_next, 0, NUM_CHARS*sizeof(Trie*));
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Trie<T>::~Trie() {
+  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_CHARS; i++)
+    if (_next[i]) {
+      delete _next[i];
+    }
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+int Trie<T>::char_to_pos(char c) {
+  static int pos[] = {
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 
+    0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 
+//   A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I   J   K   L   M   N   O   P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W   X   Y   Z
+    -1, -1, -1, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, 11, -1, 
+//   a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h   i   j   k   l   m   n   o   p   q   r   s   t   u   v   w   x   y   z
+    -1, -1, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1, -1, 16, -1, -1, 17, -1, 18, -1, -1, -1, 19, -1, -1, 20, -1, 21, -1, -1, -1};
+  assert(pos[c] != -1, "NOT FOUND");
+  return pos[c];
+  /*  
+  if ('0' <= c && c <= '9')
+    return c-'0' + 26 + 26;
+  if (c == 'c')
+    return 2;
+  if (c == 'd')
+    return 3;
+  if (c == '_')
+    return 26 + 26 + 10;
+  if ('a' <= c && c <= 'z')
+    return c-'a';
+  if ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z')
+    return c-'A' + 26;
+  if (c == '*')
+    return 26 + 26 + 10 + 1;
+  throw std::string("Trie::char ") + c + " is not supported";
+  */
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void Trie<T>::insert(const char* key, T value) {
+  Trie* t = this;
+  while(*key != '\0') {
+    int pos = char_to_pos(*key);
+    if (!t->_next[pos]) {
+      t->_next[pos] = new Trie();
+    }
+    t = t->_next[pos];
+    key++;
+  }
+  t->_terminal = true;
+  t->_value = value;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+T Trie<T>::lookup(const char* key) {
+  Trie* t = this;
+  while(*key != '\0') {
+    int pos = char_to_pos(*key);
+    t = t->_next[pos];
+    if (!t) {
+      return NOT_FOUND;
+    }
+    key++;
+  }
+  return t->_terminal ? t->_value : NOT_FOUND;
+}
+
+#endif