gitlab-pg_query 1.3.1 → 2.0.4

data/ext/pg_query/src_port_pgsleep.c

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Symbols referenced in this file:
+ * - pg_usleep
+ *--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * pgsleep.c
+ *	   Portable delay handling.
+ *
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2020, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ *
+ * src/port/pgsleep.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#include "c.h"
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
+#include <sys/select.h>
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * In a Windows backend, we don't use this implementation, but rather
+ * the signal-aware version in src/backend/port/win32/signal.c.
+ */
+#if defined(FRONTEND) || !defined(WIN32)
+
+/*
+ * pg_usleep --- delay the specified number of microseconds.
+ *
+ * NOTE: although the delay is specified in microseconds, the effective
+ * resolution is only 1/HZ, or 10 milliseconds, on most Unixen.  Expect
+ * the requested delay to be rounded up to the next resolution boundary.
+ *
+ * On machines where "long" is 32 bits, the maximum delay is ~2000 seconds.
+ *
+ * CAUTION: the behavior when a signal arrives during the sleep is platform
+ * dependent.  On most Unix-ish platforms, a signal does not terminate the
+ * sleep; but on some, it will (the Windows implementation also allows signals
+ * to terminate pg_usleep).  And there are platforms where not only does a
+ * signal not terminate the sleep, but it actually resets the timeout counter
+ * so that the sleep effectively starts over!  It is therefore rather hazardous
+ * to use this for long sleeps; a continuing stream of signal events could
+ * prevent the sleep from ever terminating.  Better practice for long sleeps
+ * is to use WaitLatch() with a timeout.
+ */
+void
+pg_usleep(long microsec)
+{
+	if (microsec > 0)
+	{
+#ifndef WIN32
+		struct timeval delay;
+
+		delay.tv_sec = microsec / 1000000L;
+		delay.tv_usec = microsec % 1000000L;
+		(void) select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &delay);
+#else
+		SleepEx((microsec < 500 ? 1 : (microsec + 500) / 1000), FALSE);
+#endif
+	}
+}
+
+#endif							/* defined(FRONTEND) || !defined(WIN32) */

data/ext/pg_query/src_port_pgstrcasecmp.c

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Symbols referenced in this file:
+ * - pg_toupper
+ *--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * pgstrcasecmp.c
+ *	   Portable SQL-like case-independent comparisons and conversions.
+ *
+ * SQL99 specifies Unicode-aware case normalization, which we don't yet
+ * have the infrastructure for.  Instead we use tolower() to provide a
+ * locale-aware translation.  However, there are some locales where this
+ * is not right either (eg, Turkish may do strange things with 'i' and
+ * 'I').  Our current compromise is to use tolower() for characters with
+ * the high bit set, and use an ASCII-only downcasing for 7-bit
+ * characters.
+ *
+ * NB: this code should match downcase_truncate_identifier() in scansup.c.
+ *
+ * We also provide strict ASCII-only case conversion functions, which can
+ * be used to implement C/POSIX case folding semantics no matter what the
+ * C library thinks the locale is.
+ *
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2020, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ *
+ * src/port/pgstrcasecmp.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#include "c.h"
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+
+/*
+ * Case-independent comparison of two null-terminated strings.
+ */
+
+
+/*
+ * Case-independent comparison of two not-necessarily-null-terminated strings.
+ * At most n bytes will be examined from each string.
+ */
+
+
+/*
+ * Fold a character to upper case.
+ *
+ * Unlike some versions of toupper(), this is safe to apply to characters
+ * that aren't lower case letters.  Note however that the whole thing is
+ * a bit bogus for multibyte character sets.
+ */
+unsigned char
+pg_toupper(unsigned char ch)
+{
+	if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z')
+		ch += 'A' - 'a';
+	else if (IS_HIGHBIT_SET(ch) && islower(ch))
+		ch = toupper(ch);
+	return ch;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Fold a character to lower case.
+ *
+ * Unlike some versions of tolower(), this is safe to apply to characters
+ * that aren't upper case letters.  Note however that the whole thing is
+ * a bit bogus for multibyte character sets.
+ */
+
+
+/*
+ * Fold a character to upper case, following C/POSIX locale rules.
+ */
+
+
+/*
+ * Fold a character to lower case, following C/POSIX locale rules.
+ */
+

data/ext/pg_query/src_port_qsort.c

@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Symbols referenced in this file:
+ * - pg_qsort
+ * - pg_qsort
+ * - swapfunc
+ * - med3
+ *--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+/*
+ *	qsort.c: standard quicksort algorithm
+ *
+ *	Modifications from vanilla NetBSD source:
+ *	  Add do ... while() macro fix
+ *	  Remove __inline, _DIAGASSERTs, __P
+ *	  Remove ill-considered "swap_cnt" switch to insertion sort,
+ *	  in favor of a simple check for presorted input.
+ *	  Take care to recurse on the smaller partition, to bound stack usage.
+ *
+ *	CAUTION: if you change this file, see also qsort_arg.c, gen_qsort_tuple.pl
+ *
+ *	src/port/qsort.c
+ */
+
+/*	$NetBSD: qsort.c,v 1.13 2003/08/07 16:43:42 agc Exp $	*/
+
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *	  notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *	  notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *	  documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *	  may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *	  without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include "c.h"
+
+
+static char *med3(char *a, char *b, char *c,
+				  int (*cmp) (const void *, const void *));
+static void swapfunc(char *, char *, size_t, int);
+
+/*
+ * Qsort routine based on J. L. Bentley and M. D. McIlroy,
+ * "Engineering a sort function",
+ * Software--Practice and Experience 23 (1993) 1249-1265.
+ *
+ * We have modified their original by adding a check for already-sorted input,
+ * which seems to be a win per discussions on pgsql-hackers around 2006-03-21.
+ *
+ * Also, we recurse on the smaller partition and iterate on the larger one,
+ * which ensures we cannot recurse more than log(N) levels (since the
+ * partition recursed to is surely no more than half of the input).  Bentley
+ * and McIlroy explicitly rejected doing this on the grounds that it's "not
+ * worth the effort", but we have seen crashes in the field due to stack
+ * overrun, so that judgment seems wrong.
+ */
+
+#define swapcode(TYPE, parmi, parmj, n) \
+do {		\
+	size_t i = (n) / sizeof (TYPE);			\
+	TYPE *pi = (TYPE *)(void *)(parmi);			\
+	TYPE *pj = (TYPE *)(void *)(parmj);			\
+	do {						\
+		TYPE	t = *pi;			\
+		*pi++ = *pj;				\
+		*pj++ = t;				\
+		} while (--i > 0);				\
+} while (0)
+
+#define SWAPINIT(a, es) swaptype = ((char *)(a) - (char *)0) % sizeof(long) || \
+	(es) % sizeof(long) ? 2 : (es) == sizeof(long)? 0 : 1
+
+static void
+swapfunc(char *a, char *b, size_t n, int swaptype)
+{
+	if (swaptype <= 1)
+		swapcode(long, a, b, n);
+	else
+		swapcode(char, a, b, n);
+}
+
+#define swap(a, b)						\
+	if (swaptype == 0) {					\
+		long t = *(long *)(void *)(a);			\
+		*(long *)(void *)(a) = *(long *)(void *)(b);	\
+		*(long *)(void *)(b) = t;			\
+	} else							\
+		swapfunc(a, b, es, swaptype)
+
+#define vecswap(a, b, n) if ((n) > 0) swapfunc(a, b, n, swaptype)
+
+static char *
+med3(char *a, char *b, char *c, int (*cmp) (const void *, const void *))
+{
+	return cmp(a, b) < 0 ?
+		(cmp(b, c) < 0 ? b : (cmp(a, c) < 0 ? c : a))
+		: (cmp(b, c) > 0 ? b : (cmp(a, c) < 0 ? a : c));
+}
+
+void
+pg_qsort(void *a, size_t n, size_t es, int (*cmp) (const void *, const void *))
+{
+	char	   *pa,
+			   *pb,
+			   *pc,
+			   *pd,
+			   *pl,
+			   *pm,
+			   *pn;
+	size_t		d1,
+				d2;
+	int			r,
+				swaptype,
+				presorted;
+
+loop:SWAPINIT(a, es);
+	if (n < 7)
+	{
+		for (pm = (char *) a + es; pm < (char *) a + n * es; pm += es)
+			for (pl = pm; pl > (char *) a && cmp(pl - es, pl) > 0;
+				 pl -= es)
+				swap(pl, pl - es);
+		return;
+	}
+	presorted = 1;
+	for (pm = (char *) a + es; pm < (char *) a + n * es; pm += es)
+	{
+		if (cmp(pm - es, pm) > 0)
+		{
+			presorted = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (presorted)
+		return;
+	pm = (char *) a + (n / 2) * es;
+	if (n > 7)
+	{
+		pl = (char *) a;
+		pn = (char *) a + (n - 1) * es;
+		if (n > 40)
+		{
+			size_t		d = (n / 8) * es;
+
+			pl = med3(pl, pl + d, pl + 2 * d, cmp);
+			pm = med3(pm - d, pm, pm + d, cmp);
+			pn = med3(pn - 2 * d, pn - d, pn, cmp);
+		}
+		pm = med3(pl, pm, pn, cmp);
+	}
+	swap(a, pm);
+	pa = pb = (char *) a + es;
+	pc = pd = (char *) a + (n - 1) * es;
+	for (;;)
+	{
+		while (pb <= pc && (r = cmp(pb, a)) <= 0)
+		{
+			if (r == 0)
+			{
+				swap(pa, pb);
+				pa += es;
+			}
+			pb += es;
+		}
+		while (pb <= pc && (r = cmp(pc, a)) >= 0)
+		{
+			if (r == 0)
+			{
+				swap(pc, pd);
+				pd -= es;
+			}
+			pc -= es;
+		}
+		if (pb > pc)
+			break;
+		swap(pb, pc);
+		pb += es;
+		pc -= es;
+	}
+	pn = (char *) a + n * es;
+	d1 = Min(pa - (char *) a, pb - pa);
+	vecswap(a, pb - d1, d1);
+	d1 = Min(pd - pc, pn - pd - es);
+	vecswap(pb, pn - d1, d1);
+	d1 = pb - pa;
+	d2 = pd - pc;
+	if (d1 <= d2)
+	{
+		/* Recurse on left partition, then iterate on right partition */
+		if (d1 > es)
+			pg_qsort(a, d1 / es, es, cmp);
+		if (d2 > es)
+		{
+			/* Iterate rather than recurse to save stack space */
+			/* pg_qsort(pn - d2, d2 / es, es, cmp); */
+			a = pn - d2;
+			n = d2 / es;
+			goto loop;
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		/* Recurse on right partition, then iterate on left partition */
+		if (d2 > es)
+			pg_qsort(pn - d2, d2 / es, es, cmp);
+		if (d1 > es)
+		{
+			/* Iterate rather than recurse to save stack space */
+			/* pg_qsort(a, d1 / es, es, cmp); */
+			n = d1 / es;
+			goto loop;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * qsort comparator wrapper for strcmp.
+ */
+

data/ext/pg_query/src_port_random.c

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Symbols referenced in this file:
+ * - random
+ *--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * random.c
+ *	  random() wrapper
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2020, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ *
+ * IDENTIFICATION
+ *	  src/port/random.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+#include "c.h"
+
+#include <math.h>
+
+
+long
+random(void)
+{
+	return pg_lrand48();
+}

data/ext/pg_query/src_port_snprintf.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1449 @@
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Symbols referenced in this file:
+ * - pg_vfprintf
+ * - dopr
+ * - pg_snprintf
+ * - pg_vsnprintf
+ * - strchrnul
+ * - dostr
+ * - find_arguments
+ * - fmtint
+ * - adjust_sign
+ * - compute_padlen
+ * - leading_pad
+ * - dopr_outchmulti
+ * - trailing_pad
+ * - fmtchar
+ * - fmtstr
+ * - fmtptr
+ * - fmtfloat
+ * - dopr_outch
+ * - flushbuffer
+ * - pg_fprintf
+ * - pg_sprintf
+ * - pg_vsprintf
+ * - pg_printf
+ *--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1983, 1995, 1996 Eric P. Allman
+ * Copyright (c) 1988, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2020, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *	  notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *	  notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *	  documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *	  may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *	  without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * src/port/snprintf.c
+ */
+
+#include "c.h"
+
+#include <math.h>
+
+/*
+ * We used to use the platform's NL_ARGMAX here, but that's a bad idea,
+ * first because the point of this module is to remove platform dependencies
+ * not perpetuate them, and second because some platforms use ridiculously
+ * large values, leading to excessive stack consumption in dopr().
+ */
+#define PG_NL_ARGMAX 31
+
+
+/*
+ *	SNPRINTF, VSNPRINTF and friends
+ *
+ * These versions have been grabbed off the net.  They have been
+ * cleaned up to compile properly and support for most of the C99
+ * specification has been added.  Remaining unimplemented features are:
+ *
+ * 1. No locale support: the radix character is always '.' and the '
+ * (single quote) format flag is ignored.
+ *
+ * 2. No support for the "%n" format specification.
+ *
+ * 3. No support for wide characters ("lc" and "ls" formats).
+ *
+ * 4. No support for "long double" ("Lf" and related formats).
+ *
+ * 5. Space and '#' flags are not implemented.
+ *
+ * In addition, we support some extensions over C99:
+ *
+ * 1. Argument order control through "%n$" and "*n$", as required by POSIX.
+ *
+ * 2. "%m" expands to the value of strerror(errno), where errno is the
+ * value that variable had at the start of the call.  This is a glibc
+ * extension, but a very useful one.
+ *
+ *
+ * Historically the result values of sprintf/snprintf varied across platforms.
+ * This implementation now follows the C99 standard:
+ *
+ * 1. -1 is returned if an error is detected in the format string, or if
+ * a write to the target stream fails (as reported by fwrite).  Note that
+ * overrunning snprintf's target buffer is *not* an error.
+ *
+ * 2. For successful writes to streams, the actual number of bytes written
+ * to the stream is returned.
+ *
+ * 3. For successful sprintf/snprintf, the number of bytes that would have
+ * been written to an infinite-size buffer (excluding the trailing '\0')
+ * is returned.  snprintf will truncate its output to fit in the buffer
+ * (ensuring a trailing '\0' unless count == 0), but this is not reflected
+ * in the function result.
+ *
+ * snprintf buffer overrun can be detected by checking for function result
+ * greater than or equal to the supplied count.
+ */
+
+/**************************************************************
+ * Original:
+ * Patrick Powell Tue Apr 11 09:48:21 PDT 1995
+ * A bombproof version of doprnt (dopr) included.
+ * Sigh.  This sort of thing is always nasty do deal with.  Note that
+ * the version here does not include floating point. (now it does ... tgl)
+ **************************************************************/
+
+/* Prevent recursion */
+#undef	vsnprintf
+#undef	snprintf
+#undef	vsprintf
+#undef	sprintf
+#undef	vfprintf
+#undef	fprintf
+#undef	vprintf
+#undef	printf
+
+/*
+ * Info about where the formatted output is going.
+ *
+ * dopr and subroutines will not write at/past bufend, but snprintf
+ * reserves one byte, ensuring it may place the trailing '\0' there.
+ *
+ * In snprintf, we use nchars to count the number of bytes dropped on the
+ * floor due to buffer overrun.  The correct result of snprintf is thus
+ * (bufptr - bufstart) + nchars.  (This isn't as inconsistent as it might
+ * seem: nchars is the number of emitted bytes that are not in the buffer now,
+ * either because we sent them to the stream or because we couldn't fit them
+ * into the buffer to begin with.)
+ */
+typedef struct
+{
+	char	   *bufptr;			/* next buffer output position */
+	char	   *bufstart;		/* first buffer element */
+	char	   *bufend;			/* last+1 buffer element, or NULL */
+	/* bufend == NULL is for sprintf, where we assume buf is big enough */
+	FILE	   *stream;			/* eventual output destination, or NULL */
+	int			nchars;			/* # chars sent to stream, or dropped */
+	bool		failed;			/* call is a failure; errno is set */
+} PrintfTarget;
+
+/*
+ * Info about the type and value of a formatting parameter.  Note that we
+ * don't currently support "long double", "wint_t", or "wchar_t *" data,
+ * nor the '%n' formatting code; else we'd need more types.  Also, at this
+ * level we need not worry about signed vs unsigned values.
+ */
+typedef enum
+{
+	ATYPE_NONE = 0,
+	ATYPE_INT,
+	ATYPE_LONG,
+	ATYPE_LONGLONG,
+	ATYPE_DOUBLE,
+	ATYPE_CHARPTR
+} PrintfArgType;
+
+typedef union
+{
+	int			i;
+	long		l;
+	long long	ll;
+	double		d;
+	char	   *cptr;
+} PrintfArgValue;
+
+
+static void flushbuffer(PrintfTarget *target);
+static void dopr(PrintfTarget *target, const char *format, va_list args);
+
+
+/*
+ * Externally visible entry points.
+ *
+ * All of these are just wrappers around dopr().  Note it's essential that
+ * they not change the value of "errno" before reaching dopr().
+ */
+
+int
+pg_vsnprintf(char *str, size_t count, const char *fmt, va_list args)
+{
+	PrintfTarget target;
+	char		onebyte[1];
+
+	/*
+	 * C99 allows the case str == NULL when count == 0.  Rather than
+	 * special-casing this situation further down, we substitute a one-byte
+	 * local buffer.  Callers cannot tell, since the function result doesn't
+	 * depend on count.
+	 */
+	if (count == 0)
+	{
+		str = onebyte;
+		count = 1;
+	}
+	target.bufstart = target.bufptr = str;
+	target.bufend = str + count - 1;
+	target.stream = NULL;
+	target.nchars = 0;
+	target.failed = false;
+	dopr(&target, fmt, args);
+	*(target.bufptr) = '\0';
+	return target.failed ? -1 : (target.bufptr - target.bufstart
+								 + target.nchars);
+}
+
+int
+pg_snprintf(char *str, size_t count, const char *fmt,...)
+{
+	int			len;
+	va_list		args;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	len = pg_vsnprintf(str, count, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	return len;
+}
+
+int
+pg_vsprintf(char *str, const char *fmt, va_list args)
+{
+	PrintfTarget target;
+
+	target.bufstart = target.bufptr = str;
+	target.bufend = NULL;
+	target.stream = NULL;
+	target.nchars = 0;			/* not really used in this case */
+	target.failed = false;
+	dopr(&target, fmt, args);
+	*(target.bufptr) = '\0';
+	return target.failed ? -1 : (target.bufptr - target.bufstart
+								 + target.nchars);
+}
+
+int
+pg_sprintf(char *str, const char *fmt,...)
+{
+	int			len;
+	va_list		args;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	len = pg_vsprintf(str, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	return len;
+}
+
+int
+pg_vfprintf(FILE *stream, const char *fmt, va_list args)
+{
+	PrintfTarget target;
+	char		buffer[1024];	/* size is arbitrary */
+
+	if (stream == NULL)
+	{
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	target.bufstart = target.bufptr = buffer;
+	target.bufend = buffer + sizeof(buffer);	/* use the whole buffer */
+	target.stream = stream;
+	target.nchars = 0;
+	target.failed = false;
+	dopr(&target, fmt, args);
+	/* dump any remaining buffer contents */
+	flushbuffer(&target);
+	return target.failed ? -1 : target.nchars;
+}
+
+int
+pg_fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *fmt,...)
+{
+	int			len;
+	va_list		args;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	len = pg_vfprintf(stream, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	return len;
+}
+
+
+
+int
+pg_printf(const char *fmt,...)
+{
+	int			len;
+	va_list		args;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	len = pg_vfprintf(stdout, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	return len;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Attempt to write the entire buffer to target->stream; discard the entire
+ * buffer in any case.  Call this only when target->stream is defined.
+ */
+static void
+flushbuffer(PrintfTarget *target)
+{
+	size_t		nc = target->bufptr - target->bufstart;
+
+	/*
+	 * Don't write anything if we already failed; this is to ensure we
+	 * preserve the original failure's errno.
+	 */
+	if (!target->failed && nc > 0)
+	{
+		size_t		written;
+
+		written = fwrite(target->bufstart, 1, nc, target->stream);
+		target->nchars += written;
+		if (written != nc)
+			target->failed = true;
+	}
+	target->bufptr = target->bufstart;
+}
+
+
+static bool find_arguments(const char *format, va_list args,
+						   PrintfArgValue *argvalues);
+static void fmtstr(const char *value, int leftjust, int minlen, int maxwidth,
+				   int pointflag, PrintfTarget *target);
+static void fmtptr(void *value, PrintfTarget *target);
+static void fmtint(long long value, char type, int forcesign,
+				   int leftjust, int minlen, int zpad, int precision, int pointflag,
+				   PrintfTarget *target);
+static void fmtchar(int value, int leftjust, int minlen, PrintfTarget *target);
+static void fmtfloat(double value, char type, int forcesign,
+					 int leftjust, int minlen, int zpad, int precision, int pointflag,
+					 PrintfTarget *target);
+static void dostr(const char *str, int slen, PrintfTarget *target);
+static void dopr_outch(int c, PrintfTarget *target);
+static void dopr_outchmulti(int c, int slen, PrintfTarget *target);
+static int	adjust_sign(int is_negative, int forcesign, int *signvalue);
+static int	compute_padlen(int minlen, int vallen, int leftjust);
+static void leading_pad(int zpad, int signvalue, int *padlen,
+						PrintfTarget *target);
+static void trailing_pad(int padlen, PrintfTarget *target);
+
+/*
+ * If strchrnul exists (it's a glibc-ism), it's a good bit faster than the
+ * equivalent manual loop.  If it doesn't exist, provide a replacement.
+ *
+ * Note: glibc declares this as returning "char *", but that would require
+ * casting away const internally, so we don't follow that detail.
+ */
+#ifndef HAVE_STRCHRNUL
+
+static inline const char *
+strchrnul(const char *s, int c)
+{
+	while (*s != '\0' && *s != c)
+		s++;
+	return s;
+}
+
+#else
+
+/*
+ * glibc's <string.h> declares strchrnul only if _GNU_SOURCE is defined.
+ * While we typically use that on glibc platforms, configure will set
+ * HAVE_STRCHRNUL whether it's used or not.  Fill in the missing declaration
+ * so that this file will compile cleanly with or without _GNU_SOURCE.
+ */
+#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
+extern char *strchrnul(const char *s, int c);
+#endif
+
+#endif							/* HAVE_STRCHRNUL */
+
+
+/*
+ * dopr(): the guts of *printf for all cases.
+ */
+static void
+dopr(PrintfTarget *target, const char *format, va_list args)
+{
+	int			save_errno = errno;
+	const char *first_pct = NULL;
+	int			ch;
+	bool		have_dollar;
+	bool		have_star;
+	bool		afterstar;
+	int			accum;
+	int			longlongflag;
+	int			longflag;
+	int			pointflag;
+	int			leftjust;
+	int			fieldwidth;
+	int			precision;
+	int			zpad;
+	int			forcesign;
+	int			fmtpos;
+	int			cvalue;
+	long long	numvalue;
+	double		fvalue;
+	char	   *strvalue;
+	PrintfArgValue argvalues[PG_NL_ARGMAX + 1];
+
+	/*
+	 * Initially, we suppose the format string does not use %n$.  The first
+	 * time we come to a conversion spec that has that, we'll call
+	 * find_arguments() to check for consistent use of %n$ and fill the
+	 * argvalues array with the argument values in the correct order.
+	 */
+	have_dollar = false;
+
+	while (*format != '\0')
+	{
+		/* Locate next conversion specifier */
+		if (*format != '%')
+		{
+			/* Scan to next '%' or end of string */
+			const char *next_pct = strchrnul(format + 1, '%');
+
+			/* Dump literal data we just scanned over */
+			dostr(format, next_pct - format, target);
+			if (target->failed)
+				break;
+
+			if (*next_pct == '\0')
+				break;
+			format = next_pct;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Remember start of first conversion spec; if we find %n$, then it's
+		 * sufficient for find_arguments() to start here, without rescanning
+		 * earlier literal text.
+		 */
+		if (first_pct == NULL)
+			first_pct = format;
+
+		/* Process conversion spec starting at *format */
+		format++;
+
+		/* Fast path for conversion spec that is exactly %s */
+		if (*format == 's')
+		{
+			format++;
+			strvalue = va_arg(args, char *);
+			Assert(strvalue != NULL);
+			dostr(strvalue, strlen(strvalue), target);
+			if (target->failed)
+				break;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		fieldwidth = precision = zpad = leftjust = forcesign = 0;
+		longflag = longlongflag = pointflag = 0;
+		fmtpos = accum = 0;
+		have_star = afterstar = false;
+nextch2:
+		ch = *format++;
+		switch (ch)
+		{
+			case '-':
+				leftjust = 1;
+				goto nextch2;
+			case '+':
+				forcesign = 1;
+				goto nextch2;
+			case '0':
+				/* set zero padding if no nonzero digits yet */
+				if (accum == 0 && !pointflag)
+					zpad = '0';
+				/* FALL THRU */
+			case '1':
+			case '2':
+			case '3':
+			case '4':
+			case '5':
+			case '6':
+			case '7':
+			case '8':
+			case '9':
+				accum = accum * 10 + (ch - '0');
+				goto nextch2;
+			case '.':
+				if (have_star)
+					have_star = false;
+				else
+					fieldwidth = accum;
+				pointflag = 1;
+				accum = 0;
+				goto nextch2;
+			case '*':
+				if (have_dollar)
+				{
+					/*
+					 * We'll process value after reading n$.  Note it's OK to
+					 * assume have_dollar is set correctly, because in a valid
+					 * format string the initial % must have had n$ if * does.
+					 */
+					afterstar = true;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					/* fetch and process value now */
+					int			starval = va_arg(args, int);
+
+					if (pointflag)
+					{
+						precision = starval;
+						if (precision < 0)
+						{
+							precision = 0;
+							pointflag = 0;
+						}
+					}
+					else
+					{
+						fieldwidth = starval;
+						if (fieldwidth < 0)
+						{
+							leftjust = 1;
+							fieldwidth = -fieldwidth;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				have_star = true;
+				accum = 0;
+				goto nextch2;
+			case '$':
+				/* First dollar sign? */
+				if (!have_dollar)
+				{
+					/* Yup, so examine all conversion specs in format */
+					if (!find_arguments(first_pct, args, argvalues))
+						goto bad_format;
+					have_dollar = true;
+				}
+				if (afterstar)
+				{
+					/* fetch and process star value */
+					int			starval = argvalues[accum].i;
+
+					if (pointflag)
+					{
+						precision = starval;
+						if (precision < 0)
+						{
+							precision = 0;
+							pointflag = 0;
+						}
+					}
+					else
+					{
+						fieldwidth = starval;
+						if (fieldwidth < 0)
+						{
+							leftjust = 1;
+							fieldwidth = -fieldwidth;
+						}
+					}
+					afterstar = false;
+				}
+				else
+					fmtpos = accum;
+				accum = 0;
+				goto nextch2;
+			case 'l':
+				if (longflag)
+					longlongflag = 1;
+				else
+					longflag = 1;
+				goto nextch2;
+			case 'z':
+#if SIZEOF_SIZE_T == 8
+#ifdef HAVE_LONG_INT_64
+				longflag = 1;
+#elif defined(HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT_64)
+				longlongflag = 1;
+#else
+#error "Don't know how to print 64bit integers"
+#endif
+#else
+				/* assume size_t is same size as int */
+#endif
+				goto nextch2;
+			case 'h':
+			case '\'':
+				/* ignore these */
+				goto nextch2;
+			case 'd':
+			case 'i':
+				if (!have_star)
+				{
+					if (pointflag)
+						precision = accum;
+					else
+						fieldwidth = accum;
+				}
+				if (have_dollar)
+				{
+					if (longlongflag)
+						numvalue = argvalues[fmtpos].ll;
+					else if (longflag)
+						numvalue = argvalues[fmtpos].l;
+					else
+						numvalue = argvalues[fmtpos].i;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					if (longlongflag)
+						numvalue = va_arg(args, long long);
+					else if (longflag)
+						numvalue = va_arg(args, long);
+					else
+						numvalue = va_arg(args, int);
+				}
+				fmtint(numvalue, ch, forcesign, leftjust, fieldwidth, zpad,
+					   precision, pointflag, target);
+				break;
+			case 'o':
+			case 'u':
+			case 'x':
+			case 'X':
+				if (!have_star)
+				{
+					if (pointflag)
+						precision = accum;
+					else
+						fieldwidth = accum;
+				}
+				if (have_dollar)
+				{
+					if (longlongflag)
+						numvalue = (unsigned long long) argvalues[fmtpos].ll;
+					else if (longflag)
+						numvalue = (unsigned long) argvalues[fmtpos].l;
+					else
+						numvalue = (unsigned int) argvalues[fmtpos].i;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					if (longlongflag)
+						numvalue = (unsigned long long) va_arg(args, long long);
+					else if (longflag)
+						numvalue = (unsigned long) va_arg(args, long);
+					else
+						numvalue = (unsigned int) va_arg(args, int);
+				}
+				fmtint(numvalue, ch, forcesign, leftjust, fieldwidth, zpad,
+					   precision, pointflag, target);
+				break;
+			case 'c':
+				if (!have_star)
+				{
+					if (pointflag)
+						precision = accum;
+					else
+						fieldwidth = accum;
+				}
+				if (have_dollar)
+					cvalue = (unsigned char) argvalues[fmtpos].i;
+				else
+					cvalue = (unsigned char) va_arg(args, int);
+				fmtchar(cvalue, leftjust, fieldwidth, target);
+				break;
+			case 's':
+				if (!have_star)
+				{
+					if (pointflag)
+						precision = accum;
+					else
+						fieldwidth = accum;
+				}
+				if (have_dollar)
+					strvalue = argvalues[fmtpos].cptr;
+				else
+					strvalue = va_arg(args, char *);
+				/* Whine if someone tries to print a NULL string */
+				Assert(strvalue != NULL);
+				fmtstr(strvalue, leftjust, fieldwidth, precision, pointflag,
+					   target);
+				break;
+			case 'p':
+				/* fieldwidth/leftjust are ignored ... */
+				if (have_dollar)
+					strvalue = argvalues[fmtpos].cptr;
+				else
+					strvalue = va_arg(args, char *);
+				fmtptr((void *) strvalue, target);
+				break;
+			case 'e':
+			case 'E':
+			case 'f':
+			case 'g':
+			case 'G':
+				if (!have_star)
+				{
+					if (pointflag)
+						precision = accum;
+					else
+						fieldwidth = accum;
+				}
+				if (have_dollar)
+					fvalue = argvalues[fmtpos].d;
+				else
+					fvalue = va_arg(args, double);
+				fmtfloat(fvalue, ch, forcesign, leftjust,
+						 fieldwidth, zpad,
+						 precision, pointflag,
+						 target);
+				break;
+			case 'm':
+				{
+					char		errbuf[PG_STRERROR_R_BUFLEN];
+					const char *errm = strerror_r(save_errno,
+												  errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
+
+					dostr(errm, strlen(errm), target);
+				}
+				break;
+			case '%':
+				dopr_outch('%', target);
+				break;
+			default:
+
+				/*
+				 * Anything else --- in particular, '\0' indicating end of
+				 * format string --- is bogus.
+				 */
+				goto bad_format;
+		}
+
+		/* Check for failure after each conversion spec */
+		if (target->failed)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	return;
+
+bad_format:
+	errno = EINVAL;
+	target->failed = true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * find_arguments(): sort out the arguments for a format spec with %n$
+ *
+ * If format is valid, return true and fill argvalues[i] with the value
+ * for the conversion spec that has %i$ or *i$.  Else return false.
+ */
+static bool
+find_arguments(const char *format, va_list args,
+			   PrintfArgValue *argvalues)
+{
+	int			ch;
+	bool		afterstar;
+	int			accum;
+	int			longlongflag;
+	int			longflag;
+	int			fmtpos;
+	int			i;
+	int			last_dollar;
+	PrintfArgType argtypes[PG_NL_ARGMAX + 1];
+
+	/* Initialize to "no dollar arguments known" */
+	last_dollar = 0;
+	MemSet(argtypes, 0, sizeof(argtypes));
+
+	/*
+	 * This loop must accept the same format strings as the one in dopr().
+	 * However, we don't need to analyze them to the same level of detail.
+	 *
+	 * Since we're only called if there's a dollar-type spec somewhere, we can
+	 * fail immediately if we find a non-dollar spec.  Per the C99 standard,
+	 * all argument references in the format string must be one or the other.
+	 */
+	while (*format != '\0')
+	{
+		/* Locate next conversion specifier */
+		if (*format != '%')
+		{
+			/* Unlike dopr, we can just quit if there's no more specifiers */
+			format = strchr(format + 1, '%');
+			if (format == NULL)
+				break;
+		}
+
+		/* Process conversion spec starting at *format */
+		format++;
+		longflag = longlongflag = 0;
+		fmtpos = accum = 0;
+		afterstar = false;
+nextch1:
+		ch = *format++;
+		switch (ch)
+		{
+			case '-':
+			case '+':
+				goto nextch1;
+			case '0':
+			case '1':
+			case '2':
+			case '3':
+			case '4':
+			case '5':
+			case '6':
+			case '7':
+			case '8':
+			case '9':
+				accum = accum * 10 + (ch - '0');
+				goto nextch1;
+			case '.':
+				accum = 0;
+				goto nextch1;
+			case '*':
+				if (afterstar)
+					return false;	/* previous star missing dollar */
+				afterstar = true;
+				accum = 0;
+				goto nextch1;
+			case '$':
+				if (accum <= 0 || accum > PG_NL_ARGMAX)
+					return false;
+				if (afterstar)
+				{
+					if (argtypes[accum] &&
+						argtypes[accum] != ATYPE_INT)
+						return false;
+					argtypes[accum] = ATYPE_INT;
+					last_dollar = Max(last_dollar, accum);
+					afterstar = false;
+				}
+				else
+					fmtpos = accum;
+				accum = 0;
+				goto nextch1;
+			case 'l':
+				if (longflag)
+					longlongflag = 1;
+				else
+					longflag = 1;
+				goto nextch1;
+			case 'z':
+#if SIZEOF_SIZE_T == 8
+#ifdef HAVE_LONG_INT_64
+				longflag = 1;
+#elif defined(HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT_64)
+				longlongflag = 1;
+#else
+#error "Don't know how to print 64bit integers"
+#endif
+#else
+				/* assume size_t is same size as int */
+#endif
+				goto nextch1;
+			case 'h':
+			case '\'':
+				/* ignore these */
+				goto nextch1;
+			case 'd':
+			case 'i':
+			case 'o':
+			case 'u':
+			case 'x':
+			case 'X':
+				if (fmtpos)
+				{
+					PrintfArgType atype;
+
+					if (longlongflag)
+						atype = ATYPE_LONGLONG;
+					else if (longflag)
+						atype = ATYPE_LONG;
+					else
+						atype = ATYPE_INT;
+					if (argtypes[fmtpos] &&
+						argtypes[fmtpos] != atype)
+						return false;
+					argtypes[fmtpos] = atype;
+					last_dollar = Max(last_dollar, fmtpos);
+				}
+				else
+					return false;	/* non-dollar conversion spec */
+				break;
+			case 'c':
+				if (fmtpos)
+				{
+					if (argtypes[fmtpos] &&
+						argtypes[fmtpos] != ATYPE_INT)
+						return false;
+					argtypes[fmtpos] = ATYPE_INT;
+					last_dollar = Max(last_dollar, fmtpos);
+				}
+				else
+					return false;	/* non-dollar conversion spec */
+				break;
+			case 's':
+			case 'p':
+				if (fmtpos)
+				{
+					if (argtypes[fmtpos] &&
+						argtypes[fmtpos] != ATYPE_CHARPTR)
+						return false;
+					argtypes[fmtpos] = ATYPE_CHARPTR;
+					last_dollar = Max(last_dollar, fmtpos);
+				}
+				else
+					return false;	/* non-dollar conversion spec */
+				break;
+			case 'e':
+			case 'E':
+			case 'f':
+			case 'g':
+			case 'G':
+				if (fmtpos)
+				{
+					if (argtypes[fmtpos] &&
+						argtypes[fmtpos] != ATYPE_DOUBLE)
+						return false;
+					argtypes[fmtpos] = ATYPE_DOUBLE;
+					last_dollar = Max(last_dollar, fmtpos);
+				}
+				else
+					return false;	/* non-dollar conversion spec */
+				break;
+			case 'm':
+			case '%':
+				break;
+			default:
+				return false;	/* bogus format string */
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * If we finish the spec with afterstar still set, there's a
+		 * non-dollar star in there.
+		 */
+		if (afterstar)
+			return false;		/* non-dollar conversion spec */
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Format appears valid so far, so collect the arguments in physical
+	 * order.  (Since we rejected any non-dollar specs that would have
+	 * collected arguments, we know that dopr() hasn't collected any yet.)
+	 */
+	for (i = 1; i <= last_dollar; i++)
+	{
+		switch (argtypes[i])
+		{
+			case ATYPE_NONE:
+				return false;
+			case ATYPE_INT:
+				argvalues[i].i = va_arg(args, int);
+				break;
+			case ATYPE_LONG:
+				argvalues[i].l = va_arg(args, long);
+				break;
+			case ATYPE_LONGLONG:
+				argvalues[i].ll = va_arg(args, long long);
+				break;
+			case ATYPE_DOUBLE:
+				argvalues[i].d = va_arg(args, double);
+				break;
+			case ATYPE_CHARPTR:
+				argvalues[i].cptr = va_arg(args, char *);
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+static void
+fmtstr(const char *value, int leftjust, int minlen, int maxwidth,
+	   int pointflag, PrintfTarget *target)
+{
+	int			padlen,
+				vallen;			/* amount to pad */
+
+	/*
+	 * If a maxwidth (precision) is specified, we must not fetch more bytes
+	 * than that.
+	 */
+	if (pointflag)
+		vallen = strnlen(value, maxwidth);
+	else
+		vallen = strlen(value);
+
+	padlen = compute_padlen(minlen, vallen, leftjust);
+
+	if (padlen > 0)
+	{
+		dopr_outchmulti(' ', padlen, target);
+		padlen = 0;
+	}
+
+	dostr(value, vallen, target);
+
+	trailing_pad(padlen, target);
+}
+
+static void
+fmtptr(void *value, PrintfTarget *target)
+{
+	int			vallen;
+	char		convert[64];
+
+	/* we rely on regular C library's sprintf to do the basic conversion */
+	vallen = sprintf(convert, "%p", value);
+	if (vallen < 0)
+		target->failed = true;
+	else
+		dostr(convert, vallen, target);
+}
+
+static void
+fmtint(long long value, char type, int forcesign, int leftjust,
+	   int minlen, int zpad, int precision, int pointflag,
+	   PrintfTarget *target)
+{
+	unsigned long long base;
+	unsigned long long uvalue;
+	int			dosign;
+	const char *cvt = "0123456789abcdef";
+	int			signvalue = 0;
+	char		convert[64];
+	int			vallen = 0;
+	int			padlen;			/* amount to pad */
+	int			zeropad;		/* extra leading zeroes */
+
+	switch (type)
+	{
+		case 'd':
+		case 'i':
+			base = 10;
+			dosign = 1;
+			break;
+		case 'o':
+			base = 8;
+			dosign = 0;
+			break;
+		case 'u':
+			base = 10;
+			dosign = 0;
+			break;
+		case 'x':
+			base = 16;
+			dosign = 0;
+			break;
+		case 'X':
+			cvt = "0123456789ABCDEF";
+			base = 16;
+			dosign = 0;
+			break;
+		default:
+			return;				/* keep compiler quiet */
+	}
+
+	/* disable MSVC warning about applying unary minus to an unsigned value */
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable: 4146)
+#endif
+	/* Handle +/- */
+	if (dosign && adjust_sign((value < 0), forcesign, &signvalue))
+		uvalue = -(unsigned long long) value;
+	else
+		uvalue = (unsigned long long) value;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+	/*
+	 * SUS: the result of converting 0 with an explicit precision of 0 is no
+	 * characters
+	 */
+	if (value == 0 && pointflag && precision == 0)
+		vallen = 0;
+	else
+	{
+		/* make integer string */
+		do
+		{
+			convert[sizeof(convert) - (++vallen)] = cvt[uvalue % base];
+			uvalue = uvalue / base;
+		} while (uvalue);
+	}
+
+	zeropad = Max(0, precision - vallen);
+
+	padlen = compute_padlen(minlen, vallen + zeropad, leftjust);
+
+	leading_pad(zpad, signvalue, &padlen, target);
+
+	if (zeropad > 0)
+		dopr_outchmulti('0', zeropad, target);
+
+	dostr(convert + sizeof(convert) - vallen, vallen, target);
+
+	trailing_pad(padlen, target);
+}
+
+static void
+fmtchar(int value, int leftjust, int minlen, PrintfTarget *target)
+{
+	int			padlen;			/* amount to pad */
+
+	padlen = compute_padlen(minlen, 1, leftjust);
+
+	if (padlen > 0)
+	{
+		dopr_outchmulti(' ', padlen, target);
+		padlen = 0;
+	}
+
+	dopr_outch(value, target);
+
+	trailing_pad(padlen, target);
+}
+
+static void
+fmtfloat(double value, char type, int forcesign, int leftjust,
+		 int minlen, int zpad, int precision, int pointflag,
+		 PrintfTarget *target)
+{
+	int			signvalue = 0;
+	int			prec;
+	int			vallen;
+	char		fmt[8];
+	char		convert[1024];
+	int			zeropadlen = 0; /* amount to pad with zeroes */
+	int			padlen;			/* amount to pad with spaces */
+
+	/*
+	 * We rely on the regular C library's sprintf to do the basic conversion,
+	 * then handle padding considerations here.
+	 *
+	 * The dynamic range of "double" is about 1E+-308 for IEEE math, and not
+	 * too wildly more than that with other hardware.  In "f" format, sprintf
+	 * could therefore generate at most 308 characters to the left of the
+	 * decimal point; while we need to allow the precision to get as high as
+	 * 308+17 to ensure that we don't truncate significant digits from very
+	 * small values.  To handle both these extremes, we use a buffer of 1024
+	 * bytes and limit requested precision to 350 digits; this should prevent
+	 * buffer overrun even with non-IEEE math.  If the original precision
+	 * request was more than 350, separately pad with zeroes.
+	 *
+	 * We handle infinities and NaNs specially to ensure platform-independent
+	 * output.
+	 */
+	if (precision < 0)			/* cover possible overflow of "accum" */
+		precision = 0;
+	prec = Min(precision, 350);
+
+	if (isnan(value))
+	{
+		strcpy(convert, "NaN");
+		vallen = 3;
+		/* no zero padding, regardless of precision spec */
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		/*
+		 * Handle sign (NaNs have no sign, so we don't do this in the case
+		 * above).  "value < 0.0" will not be true for IEEE minus zero, so we
+		 * detect that by looking for the case where value equals 0.0
+		 * according to == but not according to memcmp.
+		 */
+		static const double dzero = 0.0;
+
+		if (adjust_sign((value < 0.0 ||
+						 (value == 0.0 &&
+						  memcmp(&value, &dzero, sizeof(double)) != 0)),
+						forcesign, &signvalue))
+			value = -value;
+
+		if (isinf(value))
+		{
+			strcpy(convert, "Infinity");
+			vallen = 8;
+			/* no zero padding, regardless of precision spec */
+		}
+		else if (pointflag)
+		{
+			zeropadlen = precision - prec;
+			fmt[0] = '%';
+			fmt[1] = '.';
+			fmt[2] = '*';
+			fmt[3] = type;
+			fmt[4] = '\0';
+			vallen = sprintf(convert, fmt, prec, value);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			fmt[0] = '%';
+			fmt[1] = type;
+			fmt[2] = '\0';
+			vallen = sprintf(convert, fmt, value);
+		}
+		if (vallen < 0)
+			goto fail;
+
+		/*
+		 * Windows, alone among our supported platforms, likes to emit
+		 * three-digit exponent fields even when two digits would do.  Hack
+		 * such results to look like the way everyone else does it.
+		 */
+#ifdef WIN32
+		if (vallen >= 6 &&
+			convert[vallen - 5] == 'e' &&
+			convert[vallen - 3] == '0')
+		{
+			convert[vallen - 3] = convert[vallen - 2];
+			convert[vallen - 2] = convert[vallen - 1];
+			vallen--;
+		}
+#endif
+	}
+
+	padlen = compute_padlen(minlen, vallen + zeropadlen, leftjust);
+
+	leading_pad(zpad, signvalue, &padlen, target);
+
+	if (zeropadlen > 0)
+	{
+		/* If 'e' or 'E' format, inject zeroes before the exponent */
+		char	   *epos = strrchr(convert, 'e');
+
+		if (!epos)
+			epos = strrchr(convert, 'E');
+		if (epos)
+		{
+			/* pad before exponent */
+			dostr(convert, epos - convert, target);
+			dopr_outchmulti('0', zeropadlen, target);
+			dostr(epos, vallen - (epos - convert), target);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			/* no exponent, pad after the digits */
+			dostr(convert, vallen, target);
+			dopr_outchmulti('0', zeropadlen, target);
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		/* no zero padding, just emit the number as-is */
+		dostr(convert, vallen, target);
+	}
+
+	trailing_pad(padlen, target);
+	return;
+
+fail:
+	target->failed = true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Nonstandard entry point to print a double value efficiently.
+ *
+ * This is approximately equivalent to strfromd(), but has an API more
+ * adapted to what float8out() wants.  The behavior is like snprintf()
+ * with a format of "%.ng", where n is the specified precision.
+ * However, the target buffer must be nonempty (i.e. count > 0), and
+ * the precision is silently bounded to a sane range.
+ */
+#ifdef WIN32
+#endif
+
+
+static void
+dostr(const char *str, int slen, PrintfTarget *target)
+{
+	/* fast path for common case of slen == 1 */
+	if (slen == 1)
+	{
+		dopr_outch(*str, target);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	while (slen > 0)
+	{
+		int			avail;
+
+		if (target->bufend != NULL)
+			avail = target->bufend - target->bufptr;
+		else
+			avail = slen;
+		if (avail <= 0)
+		{
+			/* buffer full, can we dump to stream? */
+			if (target->stream == NULL)
+			{
+				target->nchars += slen; /* no, lose the data */
+				return;
+			}
+			flushbuffer(target);
+			continue;
+		}
+		avail = Min(avail, slen);
+		memmove(target->bufptr, str, avail);
+		target->bufptr += avail;
+		str += avail;
+		slen -= avail;
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+dopr_outch(int c, PrintfTarget *target)
+{
+	if (target->bufend != NULL && target->bufptr >= target->bufend)
+	{
+		/* buffer full, can we dump to stream? */
+		if (target->stream == NULL)
+		{
+			target->nchars++;	/* no, lose the data */
+			return;
+		}
+		flushbuffer(target);
+	}
+	*(target->bufptr++) = c;
+}
+
+static void
+dopr_outchmulti(int c, int slen, PrintfTarget *target)
+{
+	/* fast path for common case of slen == 1 */
+	if (slen == 1)
+	{
+		dopr_outch(c, target);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	while (slen > 0)
+	{
+		int			avail;
+
+		if (target->bufend != NULL)
+			avail = target->bufend - target->bufptr;
+		else
+			avail = slen;
+		if (avail <= 0)
+		{
+			/* buffer full, can we dump to stream? */
+			if (target->stream == NULL)
+			{
+				target->nchars += slen; /* no, lose the data */
+				return;
+			}
+			flushbuffer(target);
+			continue;
+		}
+		avail = Min(avail, slen);
+		memset(target->bufptr, c, avail);
+		target->bufptr += avail;
+		slen -= avail;
+	}
+}
+
+
+static int
+adjust_sign(int is_negative, int forcesign, int *signvalue)
+{
+	if (is_negative)
+	{
+		*signvalue = '-';
+		return true;
+	}
+	else if (forcesign)
+		*signvalue = '+';
+	return false;
+}
+
+
+static int
+compute_padlen(int minlen, int vallen, int leftjust)
+{
+	int			padlen;
+
+	padlen = minlen - vallen;
+	if (padlen < 0)
+		padlen = 0;
+	if (leftjust)
+		padlen = -padlen;
+	return padlen;
+}
+
+
+static void
+leading_pad(int zpad, int signvalue, int *padlen, PrintfTarget *target)
+{
+	int			maxpad;
+
+	if (*padlen > 0 && zpad)
+	{
+		if (signvalue)
+		{
+			dopr_outch(signvalue, target);
+			--(*padlen);
+			signvalue = 0;
+		}
+		if (*padlen > 0)
+		{
+			dopr_outchmulti(zpad, *padlen, target);
+			*padlen = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	maxpad = (signvalue != 0);
+	if (*padlen > maxpad)
+	{
+		dopr_outchmulti(' ', *padlen - maxpad, target);
+		*padlen = maxpad;
+	}
+	if (signvalue)
+	{
+		dopr_outch(signvalue, target);
+		if (*padlen > 0)
+			--(*padlen);
+		else if (*padlen < 0)
+			++(*padlen);
+	}
+}
+
+
+static void
+trailing_pad(int padlen, PrintfTarget *target)
+{
+	if (padlen < 0)
+		dopr_outchmulti(' ', -padlen, target);
+}