gist 3.1.1 → 4.0.0

data/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+.rvmrc
+Gemfile.lock
+
+# OS X
+.DS_Store
+.yardoc
+doc
+*.gem

data/.rspec

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+--color
+--format progress
+-r ./spec/spec_helper.rb

data/Gemfile

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+source :rubygems
+
+gemspec

data/LICENSE.MIT

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Copyright (c) 2012 Conrad Irwin <conrad.irwin@gmail.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

data/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+gist(1) -- upload code to https://gist.github.com
+=================================================
+
+## Synopsis
+
+The gist gem provides a `gist` command that you can use from your terminal to
+upload content to https://gist.github.com/.
+
+## Installation
+
+‌If you have ruby installed:
+
+    gem install gist
+
+‌If you're using Bundler:
+
+    source :rubygems
+    gem 'gist'
+
+## Command
+
+‌To upload the contents of `a.rb` just:
+
+    gist a.rb
+
+‌Upload multiple files:
+
+    gist a b c
+    gist *.rb
+
+‌By default it reads from STDIN, and you can set a filename with `-f`.
+
+    gist -f test.rb <a.rb
+
+‌Alternatively, you can just paste from the clipboard:
+
+    gist -P
+
+‌Use `-p` to make the gist private:
+
+    gist -p a.rb
+
+‌Use `-d` to add a description:
+
+    gist -d "Random rbx bug" a.rb
+
+‌You can update existing gists with `-u`:
+
+    gist lib/gist.rb bin/gist -u 42f2c239d2eb57299408
+
+‌If you'd like to copy the resulting URL to your clipboard, use `-c`.
+
+    gist -c <a.rb
+
+‌If you'd like to copy the resulting embeddable URL to your clipboard, use `--copy-js`.
+
+    gist --copy-js <a.rb
+
+‌And you can just ask gist to open a browser window directly with `-o`.
+
+    gist -o <a.rb
+
+‌See `gist --help` for more detail.
+
+## Login
+
+If you want to associate your gists with your GitHub account, you need to login
+with gist. It doesn't store your username and password, it just uses them to get
+an OAuth2 token (with the "gist" permission).
+
+    gist --login
+    Obtaining OAuth2 access_token from github.
+    GitHub username: ConradIrwin
+    GitHub password:
+    Success! https://github.com/settings/applications
+
+This token is stored in `~/.gist` and used for all future gisting. If you need to
+you can revoke it from https://github.com/settings/applications, or just delete the
+file.
+
+‌After you've done this, you can still upload gists anonymously with `-a`.
+
+    gist -a a.rb
+
+# Library
+
+‌You can also use Gist as a library from inside your ruby code:
+
+    Gist.gist("Look.at(:my => 'awesome').code")
+
+If you need more advanced features you can also pass:
+
+* `:access_token` to authenticate using OAuth2 (default is `File.read("~/.gist")).
+* `:filename` to change the syntax highlighting (default is `a.rb`).
+* `:public` if you want your gist to have a guessable url.
+* `:description` to add a description to your gist.
+* `:update` to update an existing gist (can be a URL or an id).
+* `:anonymous` to submit an anonymous gist (default is false).
+* `:copy` to copy the resulting URL to the clipboard (default is false).
+* `:open` to open the resulting URL in a browser (default is false).
+
+NOTE: The access_token must have the "gist" scope.
+
+‌If you want to upload multiple files in the same gist, you can:
+
+    Gist.multi_gist("a.rb" => "Foo.bar", "a.py" => "Foo.bar")
+
+‌If you'd rather use gist's builtin access_token, then you can force the user
+  to obtain one by calling:
+
+    Gist.login!
+
+‌This will take them through the process of obtaining an OAuth2 token, and storing it
+in `~/.gist`, where it can later be read by `Gist.gist`
+
+## GitHub enterprise
+
+‌If you'd like `gist` to use your locally installed [GitHub Enterprise](https://enterprise.github.com/),
+you need to export the `GITHUB_URL` environment variable in your `~/.bashrc`.
+
+    export GITHUB_URL=http://github.internal.example.com/
+
+‌Once you've done this and restarted your terminal (or run `source ~/.bashrc`), gist will
+automatically use github enterprise instead of the public github.com
+
+## Configuration
+
+‌If you'd like `-o` or `-c` to be the default when you use the gist executable, add an
+alias to your `~/.bashrc` (or equivalent). For example:
+
+    alias gist='gist -c'
+
+‌If you'd prefer gist to open a different browser, then you can export the BROWSER
+environment variable:
+
+    export BROWSER=google-chrome
+
+If clipboard or browser integration don't work on your platform, please file a bug or
+(more ideally) a pull request.
+
+If you need to use an HTTP proxy to access the internet, export the `HTTP_PROXY` or
+`http_proxy` environment variable and gist will use it.
+
+## Meta-fu
+
+Thanks to @defunkt and @indirect for writing and maintaining versions 1 through 3.
+Thanks to @rking and @ConradIrwin for maintaining version 4.
+
+Licensed under the MIT license. Bug-reports, and pull requests are welcome.

data/Rakefile

@@ -1,51 +1,19 @@
-begin
-  require "mg"
-  MG.new("gist.gemspec")
-rescue LoadError
-  nil
-end
-
-desc "Build standalone script and manpages"
-task :build => [ :standalone, :build_man ]
-
-desc "Build standalone script"
-task :standalone => :load_gist do
-  require 'gist/standalone'
-  Gist::Standalone.save('gist')
-end
-
-desc "Build gist manual"
-task :build_man do
-  sh "ronn -br5 --organization=GITHUB --manual='Gist Manual' man/*.ron"
-end
+# encoding: utf-8
+#
+task :default => :test
 
-desc "Show gist manual"
-task :man => :build_man do
-  exec "man man/gist.1"
+desc 'run the tests' # that's non-DRY
+task :test do
+  sh 'rspec spec'
 end
 
-task :load_gist do
-  $LOAD_PATH.unshift 'lib'
-  require 'gist'
+task :clipfailtest do
+  sh 'PATH=/ /usr/bin/ruby -Ilib -S bin/gist -ac < lib/gist.rb'
 end
 
-Rake::TaskManager.class_eval do
-  def remove_task(task_name)
-    @tasks.delete(task_name.to_s)
-  end
+task :man do
+  File.write "README.md.ron", File.read("README.md").gsub(?‌, "* ")
+  sh 'ronn --roff --manual="Gist manual" README.md.ron'
+  rm 'README.md.ron'
+  sh 'man ./README.1'
 end
-
-# Remove mg's install task
-Rake.application.remove_task(:install)
-
-desc "Install standalone script and man pages"
-task :install => :standalone do
-  prefix = ENV['PREFIX'] || ENV['prefix'] || '/usr/local'
-
-  FileUtils.mkdir_p "#{prefix}/bin"
-  FileUtils.cp "gist", "#{prefix}/bin"
-
-  FileUtils.mkdir_p "#{prefix}/share/man/man1"
-  FileUtils.cp "man/gist.1", "#{prefix}/share/man/man1"
-end
-

data/bin/gist

@@ -1,20 +1,157 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
-#
-# = gist(1)
-#
-# == USAGE
-#  gist < file.txt
-#  echo secret | gist -p  # or --private
-#  echo "puts :hi" | gist -t rb
-#  gist script.py
-#
-# == INSTALL
-# RubyGem:
-#     gem install gist
-# Old school:
-#     curl -s http://github.com/defunkt/gist/raw/master/gist > gist &&
-#     chmod 755 gist &&
-#     mv gist /usr/local/bin/gist
-
-require 'gist'
-Gist.execute(*ARGV)
+
+require 'optparse'
+require File.expand_path('../../lib/gist', __FILE__)
+
+# For the holdings of options.
+options = {}
+filenames = []
+
+opts = OptionParser.new do |opts|
+  executable_name = File.split($0)[1]
+  opts.banner = <<-EOS
+Gist (v#{Gist::VERSION}) lets you upload to https://gist.github.com/
+
+The content to be uploaded can be passed as a list of files, if none are
+specified STDIN will be read. The default filename for STDIN is "a.rb", and all
+filenames can be overridden by repeating the "-f" flag. The most useful reason
+to do this is to change the syntax highlighting.
+
+If you'd like your gists to be associated with your GitHub account, so that you
+can edit them and find them in future, first use `gist --login` to obtain an
+Oauth2 access token. This is stored and used by gist in the future.
+
+Private gists do not have guessable URLs and can be created with "-p", you can
+also set the description at the top of the gist by passing "-d".
+
+Anonymous gists are not associated with your GitHub account, they can be created
+with "-a" even after you have used "gist --login".
+
+If you would like to shorten the resulting gist URL, use the -s flag. This will
+use GitHub's URL shortener, git.io.
+
+To copy the resulting URL to your clipboard you can use the -c option, or to
+just open it directly in your browser, use -o. Using the -e option will copy the
+embeddable URL to the clipboard. You can add `alias gist='gist -c'` to your
+shell's rc file to configure this behaviour by default.
+
+Instead of creating a new gist, you can update an existing one by passing its ID
+or URL with "-u". For this to work, you must be logged in, and have created the
+original gist with the same GitHub account.
+
+Usage: #{executable_name} [-o|-c|-e] [-p] [-s] [-d DESC] -a] [-u URL] [-P] [-f NAME|-t EXT]* FILE*
+       #{executable_name} --login
+
+  EOS
+
+  opts.on("--login", "Authenticate gist on this computer.") do
+    Gist.login!
+    exit
+  end
+
+  opts.on("-f", "--filename [NAME.EXTENSION]", "Sets the filename and syntax type.") do |filename|
+    filenames << filename
+    options[:filename] = filename
+  end
+
+  opts.on("-t", "--type [EXTENSION]", "Sets the file extension and syntax type.") do |extension|
+    filenames << "foo.#{extension}"
+    options[:filename] = "foo.#{extension}"
+  end
+
+  opts.on("-p", "--private", "Makes your gist private.") do
+    options[:private] = true
+  end
+
+  opts.on("--no-private") do
+    options[:private] = false
+  end
+
+  opts.on("-d", "--description DESCRIPTION", "Adds a description to your gist.") do |description|
+    options[:description] = description
+  end
+
+  opts.on("-s", "--shorten", "Shorten the gist URL using git.io.") do |shorten|
+    options[:shorten] = shorten
+  end
+
+  opts.on("-u", "--update [ URL | ID ]", "Update an existing gist.") do |update|
+    options[:update] = update
+  end
+
+  opts.on("-a", "--anonymous", "Create an anonymous gist.") do
+    options[:anonymous] = true
+  end
+
+  opts.on("-c", "--copy", "Copy the resulting URL to the clipboard") do
+    options[:copy] = true
+  end
+
+  opts.on("-e", "--embed", "Copy the embed code for the gist to the clipboard") do
+    options[:embed] = true
+    options[:copy] = true
+  end
+
+  opts.on("-o", "--open", "Open the resulting URL in a browser") do
+    options[:open] = true
+  end
+
+  opts.on("--no-open")
+
+  opts.on("-P", "--paste", "Paste from the clipboard to gist") do
+    options[:paste] = true
+  end
+
+  opts.on_tail("-h","--help", "Show this message.") do
+    puts opts
+    exit
+  end
+
+  opts.on_tail("-v", "--version", "Print the version.") do
+    puts "gist v#{Gist::VERSION}"
+    exit
+  end
+
+end
+opts.parse!
+
+begin
+  options[:output] = if options[:embed] && options[:shorten]
+                       raise Gist::Error, "--embed does not make sense with --shorten"
+                     elsif options[:embed]
+                       :javascript
+                     elsif options[:shorten]
+                       :short_url
+                     else
+                       :html_url
+                     end
+
+  options[:public] = Gist.should_be_public?(options)
+
+  if options[:paste]
+    puts Gist.gist(Gist.paste, options)
+  else
+    to_read = ARGV.empty? ? ['-'] : ARGV
+    files = {}
+    to_read.zip(filenames).each do |(file, name)|
+      files[name || file] =
+        begin
+          if file == '-'
+            $stderr.puts "(type a gist. <ctrl-c> to cancel, <ctrl-d> when done)" if $stdin.tty?
+            STDIN.read
+          else
+            File.read(File.expand_path(file))
+          end
+        rescue => e
+          raise e.extend(Gist::Error)
+        end
+    end
+
+    puts Gist.multi_gist(files, options)
+  end
+rescue Gist::Error => e
+  puts "Error: #{e.message}"
+  exit 1
+rescue Interrupt
+  # bye!
+end

data/gist.gemspec

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# encoding: utf-8
+require './lib/gist'
+Gem::Specification.new do |s|
+  s.name          = 'gist'
+  s.version       = Gist::VERSION
+  s.summary       = 'Just allows you to upload gists'
+  s.description   = 'Provides a single function (Gist.gist) that uploads a gist.'
+  s.homepage      = 'https://github.com/defunkt/gist'
+  s.email         = ['conrad.irwin@gmail.com', 'rkingist@sharpsaw.org']
+  s.authors       = ['Conrad Irwin', '☈king']
+  s.license       = 'MIT'
+  s.files         = `git ls-files`.split("\n")
+  s.require_paths = ["lib"]
+
+  s.executables << 'gist'
+
+  s.add_dependency 'json'
+  %w(rake rspec webmock ronn).each do |gem|
+    s.add_development_dependency gem
+  end
+end

data/lib/gist.rb

@@ -1,300 +1,359 @@
-require 'open-uri'
 require 'net/https'
-require 'optparse'
-
-require 'base64'
-
-require 'gist/json'    unless defined?(JSON)
-require 'gist/manpage' unless defined?(Gist::Manpage)
-require 'gist/version' unless defined?(Gist::Version)
-
-# You can use this class from other scripts with the greatest of
-# ease.
-#
-#   >> Gist.read(gist_id)
-#   Returns the body of gist_id as a string.
-#
-#   >> Gist.write(content)
-#   Creates a gist from the string `content`. Returns the URL of the
-#   new gist.
-#
-#   >> Gist.copy(string)
-#   Copies string to the clipboard.
-#
-#   >> Gist.browse(url)
-#   Opens URL in your default browser.
+require 'cgi'
+require 'json'
+require 'uri'
+
+# It just gists.
 module Gist
   extend self
 
-  GIST_URL   = 'https://api.github.com/gists/%s'
-  CREATE_URL = 'https://api.github.com/gists'
-
-  if ENV['HTTPS_PROXY']
-    PROXY = URI(ENV['HTTPS_PROXY'])
-  elsif ENV['HTTP_PROXY']
-    PROXY = URI(ENV['HTTP_PROXY'])
-  else
-    PROXY = nil
-  end
-  PROXY_HOST = PROXY ? PROXY.host : nil
-  PROXY_PORT = PROXY ? PROXY.port : nil
-
-  # Parses command line arguments and does what needs to be done.
-  def execute(*args)
-    private_gist = defaults["private"]
-    gist_filename = nil
-    gist_extension = defaults["extension"]
-    browse_enabled = defaults["browse"]
-    description = nil
-
-    opts = OptionParser.new do |opts|
-      opts.banner = "Usage: gist [options] [filename or stdin] [filename] ...\n" +
-        "Filename '-' forces gist to read from stdin."
-
-      opts.on('-p', '--[no-]private', 'Make the gist private') do |priv|
-        private_gist = priv
-      end
+  VERSION = '4.0.0'
 
-      t_desc = 'Set syntax highlighting of the Gist by file extension'
-      opts.on('-t', '--type [EXTENSION]', t_desc) do |extension|
-        gist_extension = '.' + extension
-      end
+  # A list of clipboard commands with copy and paste support.
+  CLIPBOARD_COMMANDS = {
+    'xclip'   => 'xclip -o',
+    'xsel'    => 'xsel -o',
+    'pbcopy'  => 'pbpaste',
+    'putclip' => 'getclip'
+  }
 
-      opts.on('-d','--description DESCRIPTION', 'Set description of the new gist') do |d|
-        description = d
-      end
+  GITHUB_API_URL   = URI("https://api.github.com/")
+  GIT_IO_URL       = URI("http://git.io")
 
-      opts.on('-o','--[no-]open', 'Open gist in browser') do |o|
-        browse_enabled = o
-      end
+  GITHUB_BASE_PATH = ""
+  GHE_BASE_PATH    = "/api/v3"
 
-      opts.on('-m', '--man', 'Print manual') do
-        Gist::Manpage.display("gist")
-      end
+  URL_ENV_NAME     = "GITHUB_URL"
 
-      opts.on('-v', '--version', 'Print version') do
-        puts Gist::Version
-        exit
-      end
+  USER_AGENT       = "gist/#{VERSION} (Net::HTTP, #{RUBY_DESCRIPTION})"
 
-      opts.on('-h', '--help', 'Display this screen') do
-        puts opts
-        exit
-      end
+  # Exception tag for errors raised while gisting.
+  module Error;
+    def self.exception(*args)
+      RuntimeError.new(*args).extend(self)
     end
+  end
+  class ClipboardError < RuntimeError; include Error end
 
-    begin
+  # Upload a gist to https://gist.github.com
+  #
+  # @param [String] content  the code you'd like to gist
+  # @param [Hash] options  more detailed options, see
+  #   the documentation for {multi_gist}
+  #
+  # @see http://developer.github.com/v3/gists/
+  def gist(content, options = {})
+    filename = options[:filename] || "a.rb"
+    multi_gist({filename => content}, options)
+  end
+
+  # Upload a gist to https://gist.github.com
+  #
+  # @param [Hash] files  the code you'd like to gist: filename => content
+  # @param [Hash] options  more detailed options
+  #
+  # @option options [String] :description  the description
+  # @option options [Boolean] :public  (false) is this gist public
+  # @option options [Boolean] :anonymous  (false) is this gist anonymous
+  # @option options [String] :access_token  (`File.read("~/.gist")`) The OAuth2 access token.
+  # @option options [String] :update  the URL or id of a gist to update
+  # @option options [Boolean] :copy  (false) Copy resulting URL to clipboard, if successful.
+  # @option options [Boolean] :open  (false) Open the resulting URL in a browser.
+  # @option options [Symbol] :output (:all) The type of return value you'd like:
+  #   :html_url gives a String containing the url to the gist in a browser
+  #   :short_url gives a String contianing a  git.io url that redirects to html_url
+  #   :javascript gives a String containing a script tag suitable for embedding the gist
+  #   :all gives a Hash containing the parsed json response from the server
+  #
+  # @return [String, Hash]  the return value as configured by options[:output]
+  # @raise [Gist::Error]  if something went wrong
+  #
+  # @see http://developer.github.com/v3/gists/
+  def multi_gist(files, options={})
+    json = {}
 
-      opts.parse!(args)
+    json[:description] = options[:description] if options[:description]
+    json[:public] = !!options[:public]
+    json[:files] = {}
 
-      if $stdin.tty? && args[0] != '-'
-        # Run without stdin.
+    files.each_pair do |(name, content)|
+      raise "Cannot gist empty files" if content.to_s.strip == ""
+      json[:files][File.basename(name)] = {:content => content}
+    end
+
+    existing_gist = options[:update].to_s.split("/").last
+    if options[:anonymous]
+      access_token = nil
+    else
+      access_token = (options[:access_token] || File.read(auth_token_file) rescue nil)
+    end
 
-        if args.empty?
-          # No args, print help.
-          puts opts
-          exit
-        end
+    url = "#{base_path}/gists"
+    url << "/" << CGI.escape(existing_gist) if existing_gist.to_s != ''
+    url << "?access_token=" << CGI.escape(access_token) if access_token.to_s != ''
 
-        files = args.inject([]) do |files, file|
-          # Check if arg is a file. If so, grab the content.
-          abort "Can't find #{file}" unless File.exists?(file)
+    request = Net::HTTP::Post.new(url)
+    request.body = JSON.dump(json)
+    request.content_type = 'application/json'
 
-          files.push({
-            :input     => File.read(file),
-            :filename  => file,
-            :extension => (File.extname(file) if file.include?('.'))
-          })
-        end
+    retried = false
 
+    begin
+      response = http(api_url, request)
+      if Net::HTTPSuccess === response
+        on_success(response.body, options)
       else
-        # Read from standard input.
-        input = $stdin.read
-        files = [{:input => input, :extension => gist_extension}]
+        raise "Got #{response.class} from gist: #{response.body}"
       end
-
-      url = write(files, private_gist, description)
-      browse(url) if browse_enabled
-      puts copy(url)
     rescue => e
-      warn e
-      puts opts
+      raise if retried
+      retried = true
+      retry
     end
-  end
 
-  # Create a gist on gist.github.com
-  def write(files, private_gist = false, description = nil)
-    url = URI.parse(CREATE_URL)
+  rescue => e
+    raise e.extend Error
+  end
 
-    if PROXY_HOST
-      proxy = Net::HTTP::Proxy(PROXY_HOST, PROXY_PORT)
-      http  = proxy.new(url.host, url.port)
+  # Convert long github urls into short git.io ones
+  #
+  # @param [String] url
+  # @return [String] shortened url, or long url if shortening fails
+  def shorten(url)
+    request = Net::HTTP::Post.new("/")
+    request.set_form_data(:url => url)
+    response = http(GIT_IO_URL, request)
+    case response.code
+    when "201"
+      response['Location']
     else
-      http = Net::HTTP.new(url.host, url.port)
+      url
     end
+  end
 
-    http.use_ssl = true
-    http.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER
-    http.ca_file = ca_cert
-
-    req = Net::HTTP::Post.new(url.path)
-    req.body = JSON.generate(data(files, private_gist, description))
-
-    user, password = auth()
-    if user && password
-      req.basic_auth(user, password)
+  # Log the user into gist.
+  #
+  # This method asks the user for a username and password, and tries to obtain
+  # and OAuth2 access token, which is then stored in ~/.gist
+  #
+  # @raise [Gist::Error]  if something went wrong
+  # @see http://developer.github.com/v3/oauth/
+  def login!
+    puts "Obtaining OAuth2 access_token from github."
+    print "GitHub username: "
+    username = $stdin.gets.strip
+    print "GitHub password: "
+    password = begin
+      `stty -echo` rescue nil
+      $stdin.gets.strip
+    ensure
+      `stty echo` rescue nil
     end
-
-    response = http.start{|h| h.request(req) }
-    case response
-    when Net::HTTPCreated
-      JSON.parse(response.body)['html_url']
+    puts ""
+
+    request = Net::HTTP::Post.new("#{base_path}/authorizations")
+    request.body = JSON.dump({
+      :scopes => [:gist],
+      :note => "The gist gem",
+      :note_url => "https://github.com/ConradIrwin/gist"
+    })
+    request.content_type = 'application/json'
+    request.basic_auth(username, password)
+
+    response = http(api_url, request)
+
+    if Net::HTTPCreated === response
+      File.open(auth_token_file, 'w') do |f|
+        f.write JSON.parse(response.body)['token']
+      end
+      puts "Success! #{ENV[URL_ENV_NAME] || "https://github.com/"}settings/applications"
     else
-      puts "Creating gist failed: #{response.code} #{response.message}"
-      exit(false)
+      raise "Got #{response.class} from gist: #{response.body}"
     end
+  rescue => e
+    raise e.extend Error
   end
 
-  # Given a gist id, returns its content.
-  def read(gist_id)
-    data = JSON.parse(open(GIST_URL % gist_id).read)
-    data["files"].map{|name, content| content['content'] }.join("\n\n")
+  # Return HTTP connection
+  #
+  # @param [URI::HTTP] The URI to which to connect
+  # @return [Net::HTTP]
+  def http_connection(uri)
+    env = ENV['http_proxy'] || ENV['HTTP_PROXY']
+    connection = if env
+                   proxy = URI(env)
+                   Net::HTTP::Proxy(proxy.host, proxy.port).new(uri.host, uri.port)
+                 else
+                   Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port)
+                 end
+    if uri.scheme == "https"
+      connection.use_ssl = true
+      connection.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE
+    end
+    connection.open_timeout = 10
+    connection.read_timeout = 10
+    connection
   end
 
-  # Given a url, tries to open it in your browser.
-  # TODO: Linux
-  def browse(url)
-    if RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /darwin/
-      `open #{url}`
-    elsif RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /linux/
-       `#{ENV['BROWSER']} #{url}`
-    elsif ENV['OS'] == 'Windows_NT' or
-      RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /djgpp|(cyg|ms|bcc)win|mingw|wince/i
-      `start "" "#{url}"`
+  # Run an HTTP operation
+  #
+  # @param [URI::HTTP] The URI to which to connect
+  # @param [Net::HTTPRequest] The request to make
+  # @return [Net::HTTPResponse]
+  def http(url, request)
+    request['User-Agent'] = USER_AGENT
+
+    http_connection(url).start do |http|
+      http.request request
     end
+  rescue Timeout::Error
+    raise "Could not connect to #{api_url}"
+  end
+
+  # Called after an HTTP response to gist to perform post-processing.
+  #
+  # @param [String] body  the text body from the github api
+  # @param [Hash] options  more detailed options, see
+  #   the documentation for {multi_gist}
+  def on_success(body, options={})
+    json = JSON.parse(body)
+
+    output = case options[:output]
+             when :javascript
+               %Q{<script src="#{json['html_url']}.js"></script>}
+             when :html_url
+               json['html_url']
+             when :short_url
+               shorten(json['html_url'])
+             else
+               json
+             end
+
+    Gist.copy(output.to_s) if options[:copy]
+    Gist.open(json['html_url']) if options[:open]
+
+    output
   end
 
-  # Tries to copy passed content to the clipboard.
+  # Copy a string to the clipboard.
+  #
+  # @param [String] content
+  # @raise [Gist::Error] if no clipboard integration could be found
+  #
   def copy(content)
-    cmd = case true
-    when system("type pbcopy > /dev/null 2>&1")
-      :pbcopy
-    when system("type xclip > /dev/null 2>&1")
-      :xclip
-    when system("type putclip > /dev/null 2>&1")
-      :putclip
-    end
+    IO.popen(clipboard_command(:copy), 'r+') { |clip| clip.print content }
 
-    if cmd
-      IO.popen(cmd.to_s, 'r+') { |clip| clip.print content }
-    end
+    unless paste == content
+      message = 'Copying to clipboard failed.'
 
-    content
-  end
+      if ENV["TMUX"] && clipboard_command(:copy) == 'pbcopy'
+        message << "\nIf you're running tmux on a mac, try http://robots.thoughtbot.com/post/19398560514/how-to-copy-and-paste-with-tmux-on-mac-os-x"
+      end
 
-private
-  # Give an array of file information and private boolean, returns
-  # an appropriate payload for POSTing to gist.github.com
-  def data(files, private_gist, description)
-    i = 0
-    file_data = {}
-    files.each do |file|
-      i = i + 1
-      filename = file[:filename] ? file[:filename] : "gistfile#{i}"
-      file_data[filename] = {:content => file[:input]}
+      raise Error, message
     end
-
-    data = {"files" => file_data}
-    data.merge!({ 'description' => description }) unless description.nil?
-    data.merge!({ 'public' => !private_gist })
-    data
+  rescue Error => e
+    raise ClipboardError, e.message + "\nAttempted to copy: #{content}"
   end
 
-  # Returns a basic auth string of the user's GitHub credentials if set.
-  # http://github.com/guides/local-github-config
+  # Get a string from the clipboard.
   #
-  # Returns an Array of Strings if auth is found: [user, password]
-  # Returns nil if no auth is found.
-  def auth
-    user  = config("github.user")
-    password = config("github.password")
-
-    token = config("github.token")
-    if password.to_s.empty? && !token.to_s.empty?
-      abort "Please set GITHUB_PASSWORD or github.password instead of using a token."
-    end
+  # @param [String] content
+  # @raise [Gist::Error] if no clipboard integration could be found
+  def paste
+    `#{clipboard_command(:paste)}`
+  end
 
-    if user.to_s.empty? || password.to_s.empty?
+  # Find command from PATH environment.
+  #
+  # @param [String] cmd  command name to find
+  # @param [String] options  PATH environment variable
+  # @return [String]  the command found
+  def which(cmd, path=ENV['PATH'])
+    if RUBY_PLATFORM.downcase =~ /mswin(?!ce)|mingw|bccwin|cygwin/
+      path.split(File::PATH_SEPARATOR).each {|dir|
+        f = File.join(dir, cmd+".exe")
+        return f if File.executable?(f) && !File.directory?(f)
+      }
       nil
     else
-      [ user, password ]
+      return system("which #{cmd} > /dev/null 2>&1")
     end
   end
 
-  # Returns default values based on settings in your gitconfig. See
-  # git-config(1) for more information.
+  # Get the command to use for the clipboard action.
   #
-  # Settings applicable to gist.rb are:
-  #
-  # gist.private - boolean
-  # gist.extension - string
-  def defaults
-    extension = config("gist.extension")
-
-    return {
-      "private"   => config("gist.private"),
-      "browse"    => config("gist.browse"),
-      "extension" => extension
-    }
+  # @param [Symbol] action  either :copy or :paste
+  # @return [String]  the command to run
+  # @raise [Gist::ClipboardError] if no clipboard integration could be found
+  def clipboard_command(action)
+    command = CLIPBOARD_COMMANDS.keys.detect do |cmd|
+      which cmd
+    end
+    raise ClipboardError, <<-EOT unless command
+Could not find copy command, tried:
+    #{CLIPBOARD_COMMANDS.values.join(' || ')}
+    EOT
+    action == :copy ? command : CLIPBOARD_COMMANDS[command]
   end
 
-  # Reads a config value using:
-  # => Environment: GITHUB_PASSWORD, GITHUB_USER
-  #                 like vim gist plugin
-  # => git-config(1)
+  # Open a URL in a browser.
   #
-  # return something useful or nil
-  def config(key)
-    env_key = ENV[key.upcase.gsub(/\./, '_')]
-    return env_key if env_key and not env_key.strip.empty?
+  # @param [String] url
+  # @raise [RuntimeError] if no browser integration could be found
+  #
+  # This method was heavily inspired by defunkt's Gist#open,
+  # @see https://github.com/defunkt/gist/blob/bca9b29/lib/gist.rb#L157
+  def open(url)
+    command = if ENV['BROWSER']
+                ENV['BROWSER']
+              elsif RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /darwin/
+                'open'
+              elsif RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /linux/
+                %w(
+                  sensible-browser
+                  firefox
+                  firefox-bin
+                ).detect do |cmd|
+                  which cmd
+                end
+              elsif ENV['OS'] == 'Windows_NT' || RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /djgpp|(cyg|ms|bcc)win|mingw|wince/i
+                'start ""'
+              else
+                raise "Could not work out how to use a browser."
+              end
+
+    `#{command} #{url}`
+  end
 
-    str_to_bool `git config --global #{key}`.strip
+  # Get the API base path
+  def base_path
+    ENV.key?(URL_ENV_NAME) ? GHE_BASE_PATH : GITHUB_BASE_PATH
   end
 
-  # Parses a value that might appear in a .gitconfig file into
-  # something useful in a Ruby script.
-  def str_to_bool(str)
-    if str.size > 0 and str[0].chr == '!'
-      command = str[1, str.length]
-      value = `#{command}`
-    else
-      value = str
-    end
+  # Get the API URL
+  def api_url
+    ENV.key?(URL_ENV_NAME) ? URI(ENV[URL_ENV_NAME]) : GITHUB_API_URL
+  end
 
-    case value.downcase.strip
-    when "false", "0", "nil", "", "no", "off"
-      nil
-    when "true", "1", "yes", "on"
-      true
+  def auth_token_file
+    if ENV.key?(URL_ENV_NAME)
+      File.expand_path "~/.gist.#{ENV[URL_ENV_NAME].gsub(/[^a-z.]/, '')}"
     else
-      value
+      File.expand_path "~/.gist"
     end
   end
 
-  def ca_cert
-    cert_file = [
-      File.expand_path("../gist/cacert.pem", __FILE__),
-      "/tmp/gist_cacert.pem"
-    ].find{|l| File.exist?(l) }
+  def legacy_private_gister?
+    return unless which('git')
+    `git config --global gist.private` =~ /\Ayes|1|true|on\z/i
+  end
 
-    if cert_file
-      cert_file
+  def should_be_public?(options={})
+    if options.key? :private
+      !options[:private]
     else
-      File.open("/tmp/gist_cacert.pem", "w") do |f|
-        f.write(DATA.read.split("__CACERT__").last)
-      end
-      "/tmp/gist_cacert.pem"
+      !Gist.legacy_private_gister?
     end
   end
-
 end