gentooboontoo-gphys 0.6.1.3

data/lib/numru/gphys/grib.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,2005 @@
+=begin
+=Status
+* only a Lon-Lat coordinate is supported
+* only simple pakking is supported
+* variable list is not complete for NCEP and ECMWF
+=end
+require "narray_miss"
+require "date"
+require "time"
+
+module NumRu
+  module GribUtils
+    require "numru/gphys/grib_params"
+    private
+    def str2uint1(str)
+      return nil if str.length==0
+      return str[0]
+    end
+    def str2uint2(str)
+      return nil if str.length==0
+      return (str[0]<<8)+str[1]
+    end
+    def str2uint3(str)
+      return nil if str.length==0
+      return (str[0]<<16)+(str[1]<<8)+str[2]
+    end
+=begin
+    def str2uint(str)
+      return nil until str
+      return str.unpack("H*")[0].hex
+    end
+=end
+    def str2int1(str)
+      n = str2uint1(str)
+      return n && n > 127 ? 128-n : n
+    end
+    def str2int2(str)
+      n = str2uint2(str)
+      return n && n > 32767 ? 32768-n : n
+    end
+    def str2int3(str)
+      n = str2uint3(str)
+      return n && n > 8388607 ? 8388608-n : n
+    end
+=begin
+    def str2int(str)
+      return nil if str.length==0
+      ary = str.unpack("H*")
+      top = ary[0]
+      fact = 1
+      if top[0,1]>"7"
+        ary[0][0] = (top[0,1].hex-8).to_s
+        fact = -1
+      end
+      return ary.join("").hex*fact
+    end
+=end
+    def uint2str(i,len)
+      str = [sprintf("%0#{len*2}x",i)].pack("H*")
+      str.length==len || raise("str length is not valid")
+      return str
+    end
+    def int2str(i,len)
+      flag = i<0
+      i = -i if flag
+      str = sprintf("%0#{len*2}x",i)
+      str[0..0] = sprintf("%x",str[0..0].hex+8) if flag
+      str = [str].pack("H*")
+      str.length==len || raise("str length is not valid")
+      return str
+    end
+    def float_value( str )
+      str.length==4 || raise("str length must be 4")
+      sa = str2int1( str[0,1] )
+      s = (sa<0) ? -1 : 1
+      a = sa.abs
+      b = str2uint3( str[1,3] )
+      return s*(2.0)**(-24.0)*b*(16.0)**(a-64.0)
+    end
+    def get_bits( str, nstep, nbits, sbu, ebu, type )
+      len = str.length
+      bx = NArray.to_na(str,NArray::BYTE)
+      nb = nbits/nstep
+      y = NArray.new(type,nb).indgen(nb-1,-1)
+      if nstep==8
+        x = bx.to_type(type)
+        y = 256**y
+      elsif nstep==4
+        x = NArray.new(type,2,len)
+        x[0,true] = (bx&240)/16
+        x[1,true] = bx&15
+        x.reshape!(len*2)
+        y = 16**y
+      elsif nstep==2
+        x = NArray.new(type,4,len)
+        x[0,true] = (bx&192)/64
+        x[1,true] = (bx&48)/16
+        x[2,true] = (bx&12)/4
+        x[3,true] = bx&3
+        x.reshape!(len*4)
+        y = 4**y
+      else
+        x = NArray.new(type,8,len)
+        x[0,true] = (bx&128)/128
+        x[1,true] = (bx&64)/64
+        x[2,true] = (bx&32)/32
+        x[3,true] = (bx&16)/16
+        x[4,true] = (bx&8)/8
+        x[5,true] = (bx&4)/4
+        x[6,true] = (bx&2)/2
+        x[7,true] = bx&1
+        x.reshape!(len*8)
+        y = 2**y
+      end
+      x = x[sbu..-1-ebu]
+      x.reshape!(nb,x.length/nb)
+      return (x*y).sum(0)
+    end
+    def data2str(data, nstep, nbits)
+      len = data.length
+      data.reshape!(len)
+      nb = nbits/nstep
+      x = NArray.byte(nb,len)
+      nb.times{|n|
+        x[nb-n-1,true] = (data/2**(n*nstep))&(2**nstep-1)
+      }
+      nb2 = 8/nstep
+      y = NArray.byte(nb2).indgen(nb2-1,-1)
+      y = (2**nstep)**y
+      ebu = nb2-x.length%nb2
+      ebu = 0 if ebu==nb2
+      x2 = NArray.byte(x.length+ebu)
+      x2[0..-1-ebu] = x.reshape!(x.length)
+      x2.reshape!(nb2,x2.length/nb2)
+      x2 = (x2*y).sum(0)
+      return [x2.to_s,ebu*nstep]
+    end
+
+    def gausslat(ny)
+      # this method was written by Y.Kitamura
+      # and modified by S.Nishizawa
+      glat    = NArray.sfloat(ny)
+      gweight = NArray.sfloat(ny)
+
+      eps = 1.0
+      while (eps + 1.0 != 1.0)
+        eps = eps/2.0
+      end
+      eps = eps*16.0
+
+      0.upto(ny/2-1) do |i|
+        y = Math::sin(Math::PI*(ny + 1.0 - 2.0*(i+1.0))/(2.0*ny + 1.0))
+        tmp = 1.0
+        while ((tmp/y).abs > eps)
+          p0 = 0.0
+          p1 = 1.0
+          1.step(ny-1, 2) do |j|
+            p0 = ((2*j-1)*y*p1 - (j-1)*p0)/j
+            p1 = ((2*j+1)*y*p0 - j*p1)/(j+1)
+          end
+          p2 = ny*(p0 - y*p1)/(1.0 - y*y)
+          tmp = p1/p2
+          y = y - tmp
+        end
+        glat[i]      =  y
+        glat[ny-i-1] = -y
+        gweight[i]      = 1.0/(p2*p2*(1.0 - glat[i]*glat[i]))
+        gweight[ny-i-1] = gweight[i]
+      end
+      return NMath::asin(glat)*180/Math::PI
+    end
+
+    def get_time(ary)
+      d = (ary[0]-D19000101).to_i
+      h,m = ary[1]
+      return d*24+h+m/60
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  class Grib
+    private
+    class GribSegment
+      class << self
+        include GribUtils
+        def create(file)
+          obj = GribSegment.new
+          obj.file = file
+          obj.is = GribIS.new(obj)
+          obj.pds = GribPDS.new(obj)
+          obj.gds = GribGDS.new(obj)
+          obj.bms = GribBMS.new(obj)
+          obj.bds = GribBDS.new(obj)
+          obj.es = GribES.new(obj)
+          obj.is.update_total_length
+          return obj
+        end
+        def parse(file)
+          obj = GribSegment.new
+          obj.file = file
+          obj.pos = file.pos
+
+          is = GribIS.new(obj,file.read(8))
+          unless is.grib?
+            raise "This file is not Grib file (INITIAL SECTION)"
+          end
+          obj.is = is
+
+          pds = GribPDS.new(obj,file.read(str2uint3(file.read(3))-3))
+          obj.pds = pds
+
+          str = pds.gds? ? file.read(str2uint3(file.read(3))-3) : nil
+          gds = GribGDS.new(obj,str)
+          obj.gds = gds
+
+          str = pds.bms? ? file.read(str2uint3(file.read(3))-3) : nil
+          bms = GribBMS.new(obj,str)
+          obj.bms = bms
+
+          len = str2uint3(file.read(3))
+          bds = GribBDS.new(obj,file.pos,len)
+          obj.bds = bds
+          file.seek(len-3,IO::SEEK_CUR)
+
+          es = GribES.new(obj,file.read(4))
+          unless es.grib?
+            raise "This file is not Grib file (END SECTION)"
+          end
+          obj.es = es
+
+          if is.total_length!=is.length+pds.length+gds.length+bms.length+bds.length+es.length
+            raise "total length is not equal to the sum of each section"
+          end
+
+          return obj
+        end
+      end
+      attr_accessor :file, :pos
+      attr_accessor :is, :pds, :gds, :bms, :bds, :es
+      def set_xy(x,y)
+        pds.set_gds(true)
+        if x.att("long_name").downcase=="longitude" && y.att("long_name").downcase=="latitude"
+          xv = x.val
+          yv = y.val
+          rel = false
+          if (xv[1]-xv[0])==(xv[-1]-xv[-2]) && (yv[1]-yv[0])==(yv[-1]-yv[-2])
+            id = 0
+          else
+            raise "not defined yet"
+          end
+        elsif y.att("long_name").downcase=="longitude" && x.att("long_name").downcase=="latitude"
+          xv = y.val
+          yv = x.val
+          rel = true
+          if (xv[1]-xv[0])==(xv[-1]-xv[-2]) && (yv[1]-yv[0])==(yv[-1]-yv[-2])
+            id = 0
+          else
+            raise "not defined yet"
+          end
+        else
+          raise "not defined yet"
+        end
+        gds.set_grid(id,xv,yv,rel)
+      end
+      def set_level(z)
+        if Array===z
+          id = Z_TYPES.invert[Z_TYPES.values.assoc(z[0])]
+          id = 100 if id.nil?
+          pds.set_z_id(id)
+          pds.set_z_value(z[1])
+        else
+          id = Z_TYPES.invert[Z_TYPES.values.assoc(z)]
+          pds.set_z_id(id)
+        end
+      end
+      def set_time(t)
+        if String===t
+          ye,mo,da,ho,mi, = Time.parse(t).to_a.reverse![4..-2]
+        else
+          if t.nil?
+            ye = 0
+            mo = 1
+            da = 1
+            ho = 0
+            mi = 0
+          else
+            d = D19000101 + t/24
+            ye = d.year
+            mo = d.month
+            da = d.day
+            ho = t%24
+            mi = 0
+          end
+        end
+        pds.set_initial(ye,mo,da,ho,mi)
+      end
+      def set_var(var,name,units)
+        is.set_version(1)
+        pds.set_version(2)
+        pds.set_center_id(0)
+        pds.set_pid(0)
+        id = PARAMS_2.invert[NAMES_UNITS.invert[NAMES_UNITS.values.assoc(name)]]
+        id = 000 if id.nil?
+        pds.set_name_id(id)
+        pds.set_time_unit_id(0)
+        pds.set_p1(0)
+        pds.set_p2(0)
+        pds.set_time_range_id(1)
+        pds.set_ave(0)
+        pds.set_miss(0)
+        pds.set_sub_center_id(0)
+        pds.set_dfact(0)
+        if NArrayMiss===var
+          mask = var.get_mask!
+          if mask.count_false>0
+            pds.set_bms(true)
+            bms.set_map_number(0)
+            bms.set_map(mask)
+          end
+        end
+        bds.set_grid(true)
+        bds.set_simple(true)
+        if units && pds.unit
+          f,o = Units[units].factor_and_offset(Units[pds.unit])
+          var = var*f+o
+        end
+        if var.typecode==NArray::SINT || var.typecode==NArray::INT
+          bds.set_ingeger(true)
+        else
+          bds.set_float(true)
+        end
+        bds.set_value(var)
+      end
+      def write
+        tlen = is.update_total_length
+        len = 0
+        len += @file.write(is.get)
+        len += @file.write(pds.get)
+        len += @file.write(gds.get)
+        len += @file.write(bms.get)
+        len += @file.write(bds.get)
+        len += @file.write(es.get)
+        tlen==len || raise("length is not correct")
+      end
+    end # end definition of class GribSegment
+    class GribIS
+      include GribUtils
+      def initialize(sgm,str=nil)
+        @sgm = sgm
+        @is = str || "GRIB"+uint2str(8,3)+uint2str(2,1)
+      end
+      def length
+        return 8
+      end
+      def grib?
+        return @is[0..3]=="GRIB"
+      end
+      def total_length
+        return str2uint3( @is[4,3] )
+      end
+      def update_total_length
+        len = self.length+@sgm.pds.length+@sgm.gds.length+@sgm.bms.length+@sgm.bds.length+@sgm.es.length
+        @is[4..6] = uint2str(len,3)
+        return len
+      end
+      def varsion
+        return str2uint1( @is[7,1] )
+      end
+      def set_version(ver)
+        @is[7..7] = uint2str(ver,1)
+        return ver
+      end
+      alias :version= :set_version
+      def get
+        @is
+      end
+    end # end definition of class GribIS
+    class GribPDS
+      include GribUtils
+      private
+      def param
+        nid = str2uint1(@pds[5,1])
+        params = nil
+        case version
+        when 0
+          params = PARAMS_0
+        when 1
+          params = PARAMS_1
+        when 2,3
+          if nid<128
+            params = PARAMS_2
+          else
+            if cid==7 # NCEP
+              params = PARAMS_NCEP_2
+            end
+          end
+        else
+          if cid==98 # ECMWF
+            if version==128
+              params = PARAMS_ECMWF_128
+            elsif version == 162
+              params = PARAMS_ECMWF_162
+            end
+          end
+        end
+        if params
+          if para_id = params[nid]
+            if para = NAMES_UNITS[para_id]
+              return para
+            else
+              $stderr.printf "parameter ID #{nid} in version #{version} has not defined yet\n"
+            end
+          else
+            $stderr.printf "parameter ID #{nid} in version #{version} has not defined yet\n"
+          end
+        else
+          $stderr.printf "parameter table version #{version} has not defined yet\n"
+        end
+        return ["unknown (#{nid})", nid.to_s, "-", nil]
+      end
+      def cid
+        return str2uint1(@pds[1,1])
+      end
+      def initialize(sgm,str=nil)
+        @sgm = sgm
+        @pds = str || "\000"*25
+      end
+      public
+      def length
+        @pds.length+3
+      end
+      def version
+        return str2uint1( @pds[0,1] )
+      end
+      def set_version(ver)
+        @pds[0..0] = uint2str(ver,1)
+        return ver
+      end
+      alias :version= :set_version
+      def center
+        return CENTERS[cid]
+      end
+      def set_center_id(id)
+        @pds[1..1] = uint2str(id,1)
+      end
+      alias :center_id= :set_center_id
+      def pid
+        return str2uint1( @pds[2,1] )
+      end
+      def set_pid(id)
+        @pds[2..2] = uint2str(id,1)
+        return id
+      end
+      alias :pid= :set_pid
+      def gid
+        return str2uint1( @pds[3,1] )
+      end
+      def set_gid(id)
+        @pds[3..3] = uint2str(id,1)
+        return id
+      end
+      alias :gid= :set_gid
+      def gds?
+        flag = str2uint1( @pds[4,1] )
+        return (flag>>7)&1==1
+      end
+      def set_gds(gds)
+        flag = bms? ? 64 : 0
+        if gds
+          flag += 128
+          @pds[4..4] = uint2str(flag,1)
+          @sgm.gds.exist
+          set_gid(255)
+          return true
+        else
+          @pds[4..4] = uint2str(flag,1)
+          @sgm.gds.not_exist
+          return false
+        end
+      end
+      alias :gds= :set_gds
+      def bms?
+        flag = str2uint1( @pds[4,1] )
+        return (flag>>6)&1==1
+      end
+      def set_bms(bms)
+        flag = gds? ? 128 : 0
+        if bms
+          flag += 64
+          @pds[4..4] = uint2str(flag,1)
+          @sgm.bms.exist
+          return true
+        else
+          @pds[4..4] = uint2str(flag,1)
+          @sgm.bms.not_exist
+          return false
+        end
+      end
+      alias :bms= :set_bms
+      def name
+        return param[0]
+      end
+      def standard_name
+        return param[3]
+      end
+      def set_name_id(id)
+        @pds[5..5] = uint2str(id,1)
+        return id
+      end
+      alias :name_id= :set_name_id
+      def sname
+        zid = str2uint1( @pds[6,1] )
+        sn = param[1]
+        zt = Z_TYPES[zid]
+        zn = zt ? zt[1] : zid.to_s
+        return zn=="level" ? sn : sn+"_"+zn
+      end
+      def unit
+        return param[2]
+      end
+      def z_type
+        zid = str2uint1( @pds[6,1] )
+        zt = Z_TYPES[zid]
+        if zt
+          return zt[0]
+        else
+          $stderr.printf "z type (#{zid}) is not defined yet\n"
+          return zid.to_s
+        end
+      end
+      def set_z_id(id)
+        @pds[6..6] = uint2str(id,1)
+        return id
+      end
+      alias :z_id= :set_z_id
+      def z_sname
+        zid = str2uint1( @pds[6,1] )
+        if zn = Z_TYPES[zid]
+          return zn[1]
+        else
+          $stderr.printf "z type (#{zid}) is not defined yet\n"
+          return "unknown_#{zid}"
+        end
+      end
+      def z_value
+        type = str2uint1( @pds[6,1] )
+        str = @pds[7,2]
+        ary = Z_LEVELS[type]
+        if ary.nil?
+          ary = []
+        else
+          ary = ary.dup
+        end
+        if ary.length==1
+          ary[0] = ary[0].dup.update( {"value"=> str2uint2(str)} )
+        elsif ary.length==2
+          ary[0] = ary[0].dup.update( {"value"=> str2uint1(str[0,1])} )
+          ary[1] = ary[1].dup.update( {"value"=> str2uint1(str[1,1])} )
+        end
+        return ary
+      end
+      def set_z_value(val)
+        type = str2uint1( @pds[6,1] )
+        ary = Z_LEVELS[type]
+        val.length==ary.length || raise("length of val is not collect")
+        if val.length==1
+          @pds[7,2] = uint2str(val[0],2)
+        elsif val.length==2
+          @pds[7,1] = uint2str(val[0],1)
+          @pds[8,1] = uint2str(val[1],1)
+        else
+          raise "length of val is too large"
+        end
+        return val
+      end
+      alias :z_value= :set_z_value
+      def initial
+        return [str2uint1( @pds[21,1] ), str2uint1( @pds[9,1] ), str2uint1( @pds[10,1] ), str2uint1( @pds[11,1] ), str2uint1( @pds[12,1] ), str2uint1( @pds[13,1] )]
+      end
+      def set_initial(year,month,day,hour,min)
+        cent = year/100+1
+        year = year%100
+        @pds[21,1] = uint2str(cent,1)
+        @pds[9,1] = uint2str(year,1)
+        @pds[10,1] = uint2str(month,1)
+        @pds[11,1] = uint2str(day,1)
+        @pds[12,1] = uint2str(hour,1)
+        @pds[13,1] = uint2str(min,1)
+        return initial
+      end
+      alias :initial= :set_initial
+      def date
+        d = Date.new((str2uint1( @pds[21,1] )-1)*100+str2uint1( @pds[9,1] ),
+                     str2uint1( @pds[10,1] ),
+                     str2uint1( @pds[11,1] ) )
+        h = [str2uint1( @pds[12,1] ),str2uint1( @pds[13,1] )]
+        return [d,h]
+      end
+      def time_unit
+        return TIME_UNITS[ str2uint1( @pds[14,1] ) ]
+      end
+      def set_time_unit_id(id)
+        @pds[14,1] = uint2str(id,1)
+        return id
+      end
+      alias :time_unit_id= :set_time_unit_id
+      def p1
+        return str2uint1( @pds[15,1] )
+      end
+      def set_p1(i)
+        @pds[15,1] = uint2str(i,1)
+        return i
+      end
+      alias :p1= :set_p1
+      def p2
+        return str2uint1( @pds[16,1] )
+      end
+      def set_p2(i)
+        @pds[16,1] = uint2str(i,1)
+        return i
+      end
+      alias :p2= :set_p2
+      def time_range
+        return str2uint1( @pds[17,1] )
+      end
+      def set_time_range_id(id)
+        @pds[17,1] = uint2str(id,1)
+        return id
+      end
+      alias :time_range_id= :set_time_range_id
+      def ave
+        return str2uint2( @pds[18,2] )
+      end
+      def set_ave(val)
+        @pds[18,2] = uint2str(val,2)
+        return val
+      end
+      alias :ave= :set_ave
+      def miss
+        return str2uint1( @pds[20,1] )
+      end
+      def set_miss(val)
+        @pds[20,1] = uint2str(val,1)
+        return val
+      end
+      alias :miss= :set_miss
+      def sub_center
+        return str2uint1( @pds[22,1] )
+      end
+      def set_sub_center_id(id)
+        @pds[22,1] = uint2str(id,1)
+        return id
+      end
+      alias :sub_center_id= :set_sub_center_id
+      def dfact
+        return str2int2( @pds[23,2] )
+      end
+      def set_dfact(val)
+        @pds[23..24] = int2str(val,2)
+        return val
+      end
+      alias :dfact= :set_dfact
+      def get
+        uint2str(length,3)<<@pds
+      end
+    end # end definition of class GribPDS
+    class GribGDS
+      include GribUtils
+      private
+      def gtype
+        return str2uint1( @gds[2,1] )
+      end
+      def get_x_y(grid)
+      case gtype
+        when 0,4
+          #lon_lat (+GussLat)
+          flag = str2uint1( grid[10,1] )
+          flag_inc = (flag>>7)&1
+          flag = str2uint1( grid[21,1] )
+          flag_scani = (flag>>7)&1
+          flag_scanj = (flag>>6)&1
+          flag_ij = (flag>>5)&1
+
+          lon = Hash.new
+          lon["short_name"] = "lon"
+          lon["long_name"] = "longitude"
+          lon["units"] = "degrees_east"
+          nlon = str2uint2( grid[0,2] )
+          nlon=="ffff".hex && raise("not defined yet")
+          lo1 = str2int3( grid[7,3] )
+          lo2 = str2int3( grid[14,3] )
+          dlon = str2uint2( grid[17,2] )
+          if (!flag_inc)&&dlon==-"7fff".hex
+            dlon = (lo2-lo1)/(nlon-1)
+          else
+            if lo1>lo2
+              if dlon*(nlon-1)!=lo1-lo2
+                lo2 += 360000
+              else
+                dlon = -dlon
+              end
+            end
+          end
+          dlon2 = (lo2-lo1).to_f/(nlon-1)
+          dlon2.round==dlon.round || $stderr.print("Warning: dlon is not same: #{dlon2/1000} != #{dlon.to_f/1000}\n")
+          vlon = NArray.sfloat(nlon).indgen*dlon2+lo1
+          if flag_scani==1
+            vlon = vlon[-1..0]
+          end
+          lon["value"] = vlon/1000
+          lon["length"] = vlon.length
+
+          lat = Hash.new
+          lat["short_name"] = "lat"
+          lat["long_name"] = "latitude"
+          lat["units"] = "degrees_north"
+          nlat = str2uint2( grid[2,2] )
+          nlat=="ffff".hex && raise("not defined yet")
+          la1 = str2int3( grid[4,3] )
+          la2 = str2int3( grid[11,3] )
+          dlat = str2uint2( grid[19,2] )
+          if gtype==0
+            if (!flag_inc)&&dlat==-"7fff".hex
+              dlat = (la2-la1)/(nlat-1)
+            else
+              dlat = -dlat if la1>la2
+            end
+            dlat2 = (la2-la1).to_f/(nlat-1)
+            dlat2.round==dlat.round || raise("dlat is not same: #{dlat2/1000} != #{dlat.to_f/1000}\n")
+            vlat = NArray.sfloat(nlat).indgen*dlat2+la1
+            vlat = vlat/1000
+          elsif gtype==4
+            j = NArray.sfloat(dlat*2).indgen(1)
+#            glat = NMath::asin(NMath::cos((j-0.5)*Math::PI/dlat/2))*180/Math::PI
+            glat = gausslat(dlat*2)
+            glat = glat[-1..0] if la1>la2
+            tmp = (glat-la1.to_f/1000).abs
+            is = tmp.eq(tmp.min).where[0]
+            tmp = (glat-la2.to_f/1000).abs
+            ie = tmp.eq(tmp.min).where[0]
+            vlat = glat[is..ie]
+            vlat.length==nlat || raise("length of latitude is not same: #{vlat.length} != #{nlat}")
+            (vlat[0]*1000).round==la1.round || $stderr.printf("Warning: first of latitude is not same: #{vlat[0]} != #{la1.to_f/1000}\n")
+            (vlat[-1]*1000).round==la2.round || $stderr.printf("Warning: last of latitude is not same: #{vlat[-1]} != #{la2.to_f/1000}\n")
+            lat["type"] = "Gaussian latitude"
+            lat["number_of_latitude_circles"] = NArray[dlat*2]
+          end
+          if flag_scanj==1
+            vlat = vlat[-1..0]
+          end
+          lat["value"] = vlat
+          lat["length"] = vlat.length
+
+          if flag_ij==0
+            lon["ij"] = 0
+            lat["ij"] = 1
+          else
+            lon["ij"] = 1
+            lat["ij"] = 0
+          end
+          return [lon,lat]
+        when 1
+          #mercator
+          raise "not defined yet"
+        when 3
+          #lambert
+          raise "not defined yet"
+        when 5
+          #polar
+          raise "not defined yet"
+        when 50
+          #spherical
+          raise "not defined yet"
+        when 90
+          #space
+          raise "not defined yet"
+        else
+          raise "not defined yet"
+        end
+      end
+      def grid2str(gtype,x,y,rev=false)
+        case gtype
+        when 0,4
+          #lat_lon
+          grid = "\000"*26
+          nlon = x.length
+          nlat = y.length
+          grid[0,2] = uint2str(nlon,2)
+          grid[2,2] = uint2str(nlat,2)
+          vlon = x*1000
+          vlat = y*1000
+          grid[4,3] = int2str(vlat[0],3)
+          grid[7,3] = int2str(vlon[0],3)
+          flag = 1<<7
+          grid[10,1] = uint2str(flag,1)
+          grid[11,3] = int2str(vlat[-1],3)
+          grid[14,3] = int2str(vlon[-1],3)
+          dlon = ((vlon[-1]-vlon[0])/(nlon-1)).abs
+          grid[17,2] = uint2str(dlon,2)
+          if gtype==0
+            dlat = ((vlat[0]-vlat[-1])/(nlat-1)).abs
+            grid[19,2] = uint2str(dlat,2)
+          else
+            raise "not defined yet"
+          end
+          if rev
+            flag=1<<5
+          else
+            flag=0
+          end
+          grid[21,1] = uint2str(flag,1)
+          return grid
+        when 1
+          #mercator
+          raise "not defined yet"
+        when 3
+          #lambert
+          raise "not defined yet"
+        when 5
+          #polar
+          raise "not defined yet"
+        when 50
+          #spherical
+          raise "not defined yet"
+        when 90
+          #space
+          raise "not defined yet"
+        else
+          raise "not defined yet"
+        end
+      end
+      def initialize(sgm,str=nil)
+        @sgm = sgm
+        @gds = str
+      end
+
+      public
+      def exist
+        @gds = "\000"*41
+        @gds[1,1] = uint2str(255,1)
+        @sgm.is.update_total_length
+      end
+      def not_exist
+        @gds = nil
+        @sgm.is.update_total_length
+      end
+      def length
+        if @gds
+          return @gds.length+3
+        else
+          return 0
+        end
+      end
+      def nv
+        return str2uint1( @gds[0,1] )
+      end
+      def pv
+        pv = str2uint1( @gds[1,1] )
+        return nil if pv==255 || nv==0
+        return pv
+      end
+      def pl
+        pl = str2uint1( @gds[1,1] )
+        return nil if pl==255
+        return nv*4+pl
+      end
+      def grid_type
+        return GRID_TYPES[ gtype ]
+      end
+      def grid
+        if gtype==3||gtype==1
+          grid = @gds[3..38]
+        elsif gtype==90
+          grid = @gds[3..40]
+        else
+          grid = @gds[3..28]
+        end
+        return get_x_y(grid)
+      end
+      def set_grid(id,x,y,rev)
+        @gds[2..2] = uint2str(id,1)
+        if id==3||id==1
+          str = grid2str(id,x,y,rev)
+          str.length==36 || raise("length is not correct")
+          @gds[3..38] = str
+          @sgm.is.update_total_length
+        elsif id==90
+          str = grid2str(id,x,y,rev)
+          str.length==38 || raise("length is not correct")
+          @gds[3..40] = str
+          @sgm.is.update_total_length
+        else
+          str = grid2str(id,x,y,rev)
+          str.length==26 || raise("length is not correct")
+          @gds[3..28] = str
+          @sgm.is.update_total_length
+        end
+        return [id,x,y]
+      end
+      def list_pv
+        return nil unless pv
+        list = NArray.float(nv)
+        nv.times{|n|
+          list[n] = float_value( @gds[pv-4+n*4...pv-4+(n+1)*4] )
+        }
+        return list
+      end
+      def set_list_pv(list)
+        nv = list.length/4
+        @gds[0..0] = uint2str(nv,1)
+        raise "not defined yet"
+        if gtype==3||gtype==1
+          pv = 43
+        elsif gtype==90
+          pv = 45
+        else
+          pv = 33
+        end
+        @gds[1..1] = uint2str(pv,1)
+        @gds[pv-4..-1] = list
+        return true
+      end
+      alias :list_pv= :set_list_pv
+      def list_pl
+        return @gds[pl-4..-1] if pl
+        return nil
+      end
+      def set_list_pl(list)
+        raise "not defined yet"
+        pl = nv*4+pv
+        @gds[1..1] = uint2str(pl,1)
+        @gds[pl-4..-1] = list
+        return true
+      end
+      alias :list_pv= :set_list_pv
+      def eq?(str)
+        @gds==str
+      end
+      def ==(other)
+        if GribGDS===other
+          return other.eq?(@gds)
+        else
+          return false
+        end
+      end
+      def get
+        @gds && uint2str(length,3)<<@gds
+      end
+    end # end definition of class GribGDS
+    class GribBMS
+      include GribUtils
+      def initialize(sgm,str=nil)
+        @sgm = sgm
+        @bms = str
+      end
+      def exist
+        @bms = "\000"*3
+        @sgm.is.update_total_length
+      end
+      def not_exist
+        @bms = nil
+        @sgm.is.update_total_length
+      end
+      def length
+        if @bms
+          return @bms.length+3
+        else
+          return 0
+        end
+      end
+      def map_number
+        nmap = str2uint2( @bms[1,2] )
+        nmap = false if nmap==0
+        return nmap
+      end
+      def set_map_number(n)
+        @bms[1..2] = uint2str(n,2)
+        return n
+      end
+      alias :map_number= :set_map_number
+      def has_map?
+        return nil if @bms.nil?
+        return !map_number
+      end
+      def map
+        return nil unless has_map?
+        return get_bits( @bms[3..-1], 1,1, 0,str2uint1(@bms[0,1]), NArray::BYTE )
+      end
+      def set_map(mask)
+        map,n = data2str(mask,1,1)
+        @bms[0..0] = uint2str(n,1)
+        @bms = @bms[0,3]<<map
+        @sgm.is.update_total_length
+        return true
+      end
+      def get
+        @bms && uint2str(length,3)<<@bms
+      end
+    end # end definition of class GribBMS
+    class GribBDS
+      include GribUtils
+      private
+      def oct4
+        return @oct4 if @oct4
+        @sgm.file.seek(@pos, IO::SEEK_SET)
+        @oct4 = str2uint1( @sgm.file.read(1) ) 
+        return @oct4
+      end
+      def oct14
+        return nil if flag4==0
+        return @oct14 if @oct14
+        @sgm.file.seek(@pos+10, IO::SEEK_SET)
+        @oct14 = str2uint1( @sgm.file.read(1) )
+        return @oct14
+      end
+      def flag1
+        return (oct4>>7)&1
+      end
+      def flag2
+        return (oct4>>6)&1
+      end
+      def flag3
+        return (oct4>>5)&1
+      end
+      def flag4
+        return (oct4>>4)&1
+      end
+      def flag6
+        return oct14 && (oct14>>6)&1
+      end
+      def flag7 
+        return oct14 && (oct14>>5)&1
+      end
+      def flag8
+        return oct14 && (oct14>>4)&1
+      end
+      def initialize(sgm,pos=nil,len=nil)
+        @sgm = sgm
+        @pos = pos
+        if @pos.nil?
+          @bds = "\000"*8
+          @oct4 = 0
+          @oct14 = 0
+        else
+          @length = len
+        end
+      end
+      def get_value(file,pos,sb,eb,nbits,nstep)
+        sbu = (sb%8)/nstep
+        sb = sb/8
+        ebu = eb%8
+        ebu = (8-eb%8)/nstep unless ebu==0
+        eb = (eb+7)/8
+        return NArray.float(0) if (eb-sb)==0
+        file.seek(pos+sb,IO::SEEK_SET)
+        str = file.read(eb-sb)
+        return get_bits(str,nstep,nbits,sbu,ebu,NArray::FLOAT)
+      end
+
+      public
+      def length
+        if @pos
+          return @length
+        else
+          return @bds.length+3
+        end
+      end
+      def grid?
+        return flag1==0
+      end
+      def set_grid(l)
+        @oct4 = oct4&"7f".hex
+        @oct4 += 128 unless l
+        @bds[0,1] = uint2str(@oct4,1)
+        return l
+      end
+      def spectrum?
+        return flag1==1
+      end
+      def set_spectrum(l)
+        @oct4 = oct4&"7f".hex
+        @oct4 += 128 if l
+        @bds[0,1] = uint2str(@oct4,1)
+        return l
+      end
+      def simple?
+        return flag2==0
+      end
+      def set_simple(l)
+        @oct4 = oct4&"bf".hex
+        @oct4 += 64 unless l
+        @bds[0,1] = uint2str(@oct4,1)
+        return l
+      end
+      def complex?
+        return flag2==1
+      end
+      def set_complex(l)
+        @oct4 = oct4&"bf".hex
+        @oct4 += 64 if l
+        @bds[0,1] = uint2str(@oct4,1)
+        return l
+      end
+      def float?
+        return flag3==0
+      end
+      def set_float(l)
+        @oct4 = oct4&"df".hex
+        @oct4 += 32 unless l
+        @bds[0,1] = uint2str(@oct4,1)
+        return l
+      end
+      def integer?
+        return flag3==1
+      end
+      def set_integer(l)
+        @oct4 = oct4&"df".hex
+        @oct4 += 32 if l
+        @bds[0,1] = uint2str(@oct4,1)
+        return l
+      end
+      def single?
+        return flag6 && flag6==0
+      end
+      def set_single(l)
+        @oct14 = oct14&"7f".hex
+        @oct14 += 128 unless l
+        @oct4 = (oct4&"ef".hex)+16
+        @bds[0,1] = uint2str(@oct4,1)
+        @bds[10,1] = uint2str(@oct14,1)
+        return l
+      end
+      def matrix?
+        return flag6 && flag6==1
+      end
+      def set_matrix(l)
+        @oct14 = oct14&"7f".hex
+        @oct14 += 128 if l
+        @oct4 = (oct4&"ef".hex)+16
+        @bds[0,1] = uint2str(@oct4,1)
+        @bds[10,1] = uint2str(@oct14,1)
+        return l
+      end
+      def bit_maps?
+        return flag7 && flag7==1
+      end
+      def set_bit_map(l)
+        @oct14 = oct14&"bf".hex
+        @oct14 += 64 if l
+        @oct4 = (oct4&"ef".hex)+16
+        @bds[0,1] = uint2str(@oct4,1)
+        @bds[10,1] = uint2str(@oct14,1)
+        return l
+      end
+      def constant?
+        return flag8 && flag8==0
+      end
+      def set_constant(l)
+        @oct14 = oct14&"df".hex
+        @oct14 += 32 unless l
+        @oct4 = (oct4&"ef".hex)+16
+        @bds[0,1] = uint2str(@oct4,1)
+        @bds[10,1] = uint2str(@oct14,1)
+        return l
+      end
+      def offset
+        return @offset if @offset
+        @sgm.file.seek(@pos+3, IO::SEEK_SET)
+        @offset = float_value(@sgm.file.read(4))
+        return @offset
+      end
+      def efactor
+        return @efactor if @efactor
+        @sgm.file.seek(@pos+1, IO::SEEK_SET)
+        @efactor = 2.0**str2int2( @sgm.file.read(2) )
+        return @efactor
+      end
+      def value(shape,*arg)
+        nbits_unuse = oct4&15
+        @sgm.file.seek(@pos+7, IO::SEEK_SET)
+        nbits_pack = str2uint1( @sgm.file.read(1) )
+        if (nbits_pack%8) == 0
+          nstep = 8
+        elsif (nbits_pack%4) == 0
+          nstep = 4
+        elsif (nbits_pack%2) == 0
+          nstep = 2
+        else
+          nstep = 1
+        end
+        r = offset
+        e = efactor
+        map = @sgm.bms.map
+        nmiss =  map ? map.count_false : 0
+        if flag4==0
+          nlen = ((length-3-8)*8-nbits_unuse)/nbits_pack
+          nlon,nlat = shape
+          (nlon*nlat)==nlen+nmiss || raise("length is not collect")
+          if arg.length!=0
+            index, shape2 = arg
+            index = index.collect{|el| Fixnum===el ? el..el : el }
+            j = nil
+            i = nil
+            if map
+              var = NArrayMiss.float(*shape2)
+              map.reshape!(nlon,nlat)
+              mask = map[*index]
+              index[1].each{|j|
+                jj = j-index[1].first
+                sb = j*nlon+index[0].first
+                sb = sb-map[true,0..jj-1].count_false if jj>0
+                sb = sb*nbits_pack
+                eb = sb+mask[true,j].count_true*nbits_pack
+                if sb!=eb
+                  var[mask[true,j].where,jj] = get_value(@sgm.file,@pos+8,sb,eb,nbits_pack,nstep)
+                end
+              }
+            else
+              var = NArray.float(*shape2)
+              index[1].each{|j|
+                sb = (j*nlon+index[0].first)*nbits_pack
+                eb = (j*nlon+index[0].end+1)*nbits_pack
+                jj = j-index[1].first
+                var[true,jj] = get_value(@sgm.file,@pos+8,sb,eb,nbits_pack,nstep)
+              }
+            end
+          else
+            if map
+              eb = nlen*nbits_pack
+              var = NArrayMiss.float(nlon,nlat)
+              var[map.where] = get_value(@sgm.file,@pos+8,0,eb,nbits_pack,nstep)
+            else
+              eb = nlen*nbits_pack
+              var = get_value(@sgm.file,@pos+8,0,eb,nbits_pack,nstep)
+              var.reshape!(nlon,nlat)
+            end
+          end
+          var = var*e+r
+          return var
+        else
+          raise "not defined yet"
+          n1 = str2uint2( @file.read(2) )
+          @sgm.file.seek(1, IO::SEEK_CUR)
+          n2 = str2uint2( @sgm.file.read(2) )
+          p1 = str2uint2( @sgm.file.read(2) )
+          p2 = str2uint2( @sgm.file.read(2) ) # @bds[15..16]
+          #        width = str2uint( @bds[18..??] )
+          #        bitmap = str2uint( @bds[??+1..n1-4] )
+        end
+      end
+      def set_value(val)
+        val = val.reshape!(val.length)
+        if NArrayMiss===val
+          val = val.get_array![val.get_mask!.where]
+        end
+        dfact = @sgm.pds.dfact
+        val = val*10**dfact
+        ref = val.min
+        val = val-ref
+        max = val.max
+        nbits = 16
+        e =  (Math::log(max)/Math::log(2)).ceil-nbits
+        val = val*2**(-e)
+        if (nbits%8) == 0
+          nstep = 8
+        elsif (nbits%4) == 0
+          nstep = 4
+        elsif (nbits%2) == 0
+          nstep == 2
+        else
+          nstep == 1
+        end
+        str, bu = data2str(val.to_type(NArray::INT),nstep,nbits)
+        @oct4 = (@oct4&15)+bu*16
+        @bds[0,1] = uint2str(@oct4,1)
+        @bds[1,2] = int2str(e,2)
+        s = (ref<0) ? -1 : 1
+        ref = ref.abs
+        a = (Math::log(ref)/Math::log(16)).ceil+64
+        a<0 && raise("invalid range")
+        a = 127 if a>127
+        b = ref*2**24*16**(64-a)
+        a = a*s
+        @bds[3,4] = int2str(a,1)<<uint2str(b,3)
+        @bds[7,1] = uint2str(nbits,1)
+        @bds = @bds[0,8]<<str
+        @sgm.is.update_total_length
+      end
+      def get
+        uint2str(length,3)<<@bds
+      end
+    end # end definition of class GribBDS
+    class GribES
+      def initialize(sgm,str=nil)
+        @sgm = sgm
+        @es = str || "7777"
+      end
+      def length
+        return 4
+      end
+      def grib?
+        @es=="7777"
+      end
+      def get
+        @es
+      end
+    end # end definition of class GribES
+
+    def initialize(fname,mode="r")
+      case mode
+      when "r","rb"
+	mode = "rb"
+      when "w","wb"
+	mode = "wb"
+      else
+        raise "Unsupported file mode '#{mode}'. Use 'r' or 'w'."
+      end
+      @file = File.open(fname, mode)
+      @vars = Hash.new
+      @attr = Hash.new
+    end
+
+    public
+=begin
+=NumRu::Grib  -- a class for Grib datasets
+
+==Class Methods
+---Grib.new(filename, mode="r")
+   make a new Grib object.
+
+   ARGUMENTS
+   * filename (String): name of the file to open
+   * mode (String): IO mode. "r" (read only) or "w" (write only).
+
+---Grib.open(filename)
+   open a Grib file.
+
+---Grib.create(filename)
+   create a Grib file.
+
+---Grib.is_aGrib?(filename)
+   return true when file is a Grib dataset
+
+==Methods
+---close
+---parse
+---path
+---var_names
+---var( name )
+---def_var( name )
+---enddef
+---write
+=end
+    class << self
+      def is_a_Grib?(fname)
+        file = nil
+        begin
+          file = File.open(fname,"rb")
+          is = (file.read(4) == "GRIB")
+        ensure
+          file.close if file
+        end
+        return defined?(is) && is
+      end
+      def open(fname)
+        f = Grib.new(fname,"r")
+        f.parse
+        return f
+      end
+      def create(fname)
+        Grib.new(fname,"w")
+      end
+    end
+
+    def close
+      @grib_vars = nil
+      @vars = nil
+      @attr = nil
+      @file.close
+    end
+    def parse
+      @file.rewind
+      while true
+        @file.read(1)=="\000" && next
+        @file.eof? && break
+        @file.seek(-1, IO::SEEK_CUR)
+        sgm = GribSegment.parse(@file)
+        name = sgm.pds.sname
+        if @vars.has_key?(name)
+          @vars[name].push(sgm)
+        else
+          @vars[name] = [sgm]
+        end
+      end
+      return self
+    end
+    def path
+      @file.path
+    end
+    def var_names
+      @vars.keys
+    end
+    def var(name)
+      var = @vars[name]
+      return nil if var.nil?
+      return GribVar.parse(self,var,name)
+    end
+    def def_var(name)
+      until @file.stat.writable?
+        raise("File #{@file.path} is not writable.")
+      end
+      if !String===name
+        raise "def_var(String)"
+      end
+      raise "#{name} is already defined" if @vars.has_key?(name)
+      var = GribVar.new(@file,name)
+      @vars[name] = var
+      return var
+    end
+    def att_names
+      @attr.keys
+    end
+    def att(name)
+      @attr[name]
+    end
+    def write
+      iz=0
+      it=0
+      izmax = 0
+      vn = var_names
+      @file.rewind
+      while (vn.length>0)
+        vn.dup.each{|name|
+          var = @vars[name]
+          sgm = nil
+          if var.rank==2
+            sgm = GribSegment.create(@file)
+            val = [var.get,var.att("long_name"),var.att("units")]
+            z = var.att("level")
+            t = var.att("time")
+            vn.delete(name)
+          elsif var.rank==4
+            sha = var.shape
+            izmax < sha[2] && izmax = sha[2]
+            if iz<sha[2]&&it<sha[3]
+              sgm = GribSegment.create(@file)
+              val = [var[true,true,iz,it],var.att("long_name"),var.att("units")]
+              zd = var.dim(2)
+              zv = zd.get
+              if Array===zv
+                zv = zv.collect{|a| a["value"][iz] }
+              else
+                zv = [zv[iz]]
+              end
+              z = [zd.att("long_name"), zv]
+              t = var.dim(3)[it]
+            elsif it==sha[3]
+              vn.delete(name)
+            end
+          elsif !var.dim_names.include?("time")
+            sha = var.shape
+            izmax < sha[2] && izmax = sha[2]
+            if iz<sha[2]
+              sgm = GribSegment.create(@file)
+              val = [var[true,true,iz],var.att("long_name"),var.att("units")]
+              zd = var.dim(2)
+              zv = zd.get
+              if Array===zv
+                zv = zv.collect{|a| a["value"][iz] }
+              else
+                zv = [zv[iz]]
+              end
+              z = [zd.att("long_name"), zv]
+              t = var.att("time")
+            end
+            vn.delete(name) if iz==sha[2]-1
+          else
+            sha = var.shape
+            if it<sha[2]
+              sgm = GribSegment.create(@file)
+              val = [var[true,true,it],var.att("long_name"),var.att("units")]
+              z = var.att("level")
+              t = var.dim(2)[it]
+            else
+              vn.delete(name)
+            end
+          end
+          if sgm
+            sgm.set_xy(var.dim(0),var.dim(1))
+            sgm.set_level(z)
+            sgm.set_time(t)
+            sgm.set_var(*val)
+            sgm.write
+          end
+          if iz==izmax-1
+            iz = 0
+            it += 1
+          else
+            iz += 1
+          end
+        }
+      end
+    end
+    def inspect
+      "Grib: #{path}"
+    end
+  end # end of definition of class Grib
+
+=begin
+=NumRu::GribDim
+
+==Class Methods
+---new( vat, name, length )
+
+==Methods
+---var
+---length
+---name
+---typecode
+---get
+---[](indices)
+---put_att(key,val)
+---set_att(key,val)
+---att(key)
+---att_names
+---inspect
+
+=end
+  class GribDim
+    def initialize(var,name)
+      @var = var
+      @name = name
+      @attr = Hash.new
+    end
+    def var
+      @var
+    end
+    def length
+      @length
+    end
+    alias :total :length
+    def name
+      @name
+    end
+    def get
+      @ary
+    end
+    def typecode
+      if NArray===@ary
+        @ary.typecode
+      elsif Array===@ary
+        @ary[0]["value"].typecode
+      end
+    end
+    def val
+      if Array===@ary
+        if att("long_name")=="Hybrid level"
+          return @ary[0]["value"]
+        else
+          return @ary[1]["value"]
+        end
+      else
+        return @ary
+      end
+    end
+    def [](*ind)
+      return val[*ind]
+    end
+    def put(ary)
+      @ary = ary
+      @length = val.length
+      return @ary
+    end
+    def put_att(key,val)
+      @attr[key]=val
+    end
+    alias :set_att :put_att
+    def att(key)
+      @attr[key]
+    end
+    def att_names
+      @attr.keys
+    end
+    def inspect
+      "GribDim: #{name}"
+    end
+  end
+
+=begin
+=NumRu::GribVar
+
+==Class Methods
+---new( file, name, obj, dims )
+
+==Methods
+---file
+---name
+---rank
+---total
+---set_var
+---set_miss
+---dim_names
+---dim( index )
+---ndims
+---def_dim(name,index)
+---put_att( key, value )
+---set_att( key, value )
+---att( key )
+---att_names
+---shape
+---typecode
+---get( indics )
+---[]( indics )
+---inspect
+
+=end
+  class GribVar
+    include GribUtils
+    class << self
+      include GribUtils
+      private
+      def vars_same?(var1,var2)
+        pds1 = var1.pds
+        pds2 = var2.pds
+        if pds1.center!=pds2.center
+          $stderr.printf("center is not same: #{pds1.center} != #{pds2.center}\n")
+          return false
+        end
+        if pds1.gid!=pds2.gid
+          $stderr.printf("gid is not same: #{pds1.gid} != #{pds2.gid}\n")
+          return false
+        end
+        if pds1.unit!=pds2.unit
+          $stderr.printf("unit is not same: #{pds1.unit} != #{pds2.unit}\n")
+          return false
+        end
+        zt1 = pds1.z_type
+        zt2 = pds2.z_type 
+        if zt1 != zt2
+          if zt1.nil? || zt2.nil?
+            $stderr.printf("z type is not same: #{zt1 ? zt1 : "nil"} != #{zt2 ? zt2 : "nil"}\n")
+          else
+            $stderr.printf("z type is not same: #{zt1} != #{zt2}\n")
+            return false
+          end
+        end
+=begin
+        if pds1.time_range!=pds2.time_range
+          $stderr.printf("time range is not same: #{pds1.time_range} != #{pds2.time_range}\n")
+          return true
+#          return false
+        end
+=end
+        if pds1.sub_center!=pds2.sub_center
+          $stderr.printf("sub center is not same: #{pds1.sub_center} != #{pds2.sub_center}\n")
+          return false
+        end
+        if var1.gds!=var2.gds
+          $stderr.printf("gds is not same\n")
+          return false
+        end
+        return true
+      end
+
+      public
+      def parse(file,sgms,name)
+        miss = false
+        sgms.each{|sgm|
+          pds = sgm.pds
+          if !vars_same?(sgms[0],sgm)
+            raise "coordinate is not same"
+          end
+          miss = miss | pds.bms?
+        }
+        pds = sgms[0].pds
+        gds = sgms[0].gds
+        va = GribVar.new(file,name)
+        va.set_sgms(sgms)
+        va.put_att("long_name",pds.name)
+        std_name = pds.standard_name
+        va.put_att("standard_name",std_name) if std_name
+        va.put_att("units",pds.unit) if pds.unit
+        va.set_miss(miss)
+        vdim = Array.new
+        x,y = gds.grid
+        x_sname = x["short_name"]
+        d = va.def_dim(x_sname,x["ij"])
+        d.put(x["value"])
+        x.each{|k,v|
+          if k!="value"&&k!="ij"&&k!="length"
+            d.put_att(k,v)
+          end
+        }
+        y_sname = y["short_name"]
+        d = va.def_dim(y_sname,y["ij"])
+        d.put(y["value"])
+        y.each{|k,v|
+          if k!="value"&&k!="ij"&&k!="length"
+            d.put_att(k,v)
+          end
+        }
+        if sgms.length>=1
+          nz = pds.z_value.length
+          if nz!=0
+            z = Array.new(nz).collect{Array.new}
+            n=nil
+            m=nil
+            sgms.each{|sgm|
+              zv = sgm.pds.z_value
+              nz.times{|m|
+                if zv[m]
+                  z[m].push( zv[m]["value"] )
+                else
+                  z[m].push(m)
+                end
+              }
+            }
+            nz.times{|m|
+              z[m].uniq!
+              z[m].length==z[0].length || raise("length is not same")
+            }
+            if z[0].length>1
+              d = va.def_dim(pds.z_sname,2)
+              d.put_att("long_name",pds.z_type)
+              if pds.z_type=="Hybrid level"
+                list_pv = gds.list_pv
+                zval = pds.z_value[0]
+                tmp = Array.new
+                z[0].each{|n|
+                  tmp += [n-1,n]
+                }
+                tmp.uniq!
+                tmp.sort!
+                ap = list_pv[0...list_pv.length/2]
+                b = list_pv[list_pv.length/2..-1]
+                z[0] = {"value"=>NArray.to_na(z[0]),"name"=>zval["name"]}
+                z[1] = {"value"=>ap[tmp], "name"=>"ap_half_lev", "long_name"=>"hybrid ap at half levels", "units"=>"Pa"}
+                z[2] = {"value"=>b[tmp], "name"=>"b_half_lev", "long_name"=>"hybrid b at half levels", "units"=>"1"}
+              elsif nz==1
+                zval = pds.z_value[0]
+                z = NArray.to_na(z[0])
+                d.put_att("units",zval["units"])
+                d.put_att("value_type",zval["name"])
+              else
+                nz.times{|mm|
+                  m = nz-m-1
+                  zval = pds.z_value[m]
+                  z[m+1] = {"value"=>NArray.to_na(z[m]),"name"=>zval["name"],"units"=>zval["units"]}
+                }
+                z[0] = {"value"=>NArray.sint(z[0].length).indgen,"name"=>"level number"}
+              end
+              d.put(z)
+            else
+              va.put_att("level", pds.z_type)
+              pds.z_value.each{|zz|
+                va.put_att(zz["name"].gsub(/\s/,"_"), "#{zz["value"]} #{zz["units"]}")
+              }
+            end
+          else
+            va.put_att("level", pds.z_type)
+          end
+          len = sgms.length
+          time = Array.new(len)
+          len.times{|i|
+            time[i] = get_time(sgms[i].pds.date)
+          }
+#          sgms.each{|sgm|
+#            time.push( get_time(sgm.pds.date) )
+#          }
+          time.uniq!
+          if time.length>1
+            time = NArray.to_na(time)
+            d = va.def_dim("time",-1)
+            d.put(time)
+            d.put_att("long_name","time")
+            d.put_att("units","hours since 1900-01-01 00:00:0.0")
+          else
+            date = pds.date
+            va.put_att("time","#{date[0]} #{"%02d"%date[1][0]}:#{"%02d"%date[1][1]}:0.0")
+          end
+        end
+        return va
+      end
+    end # end definition of class methods GribVar
+
+    def initialize(file,name)
+      @file = file
+      @name = name
+      @attr = Hash.new
+      @miss = false
+      @dims = Array.new
+    end
+    def file
+      @file
+    end
+    def name
+      @name
+    end
+    def set_sgms(sgms)
+      @obj = sgms
+    end
+    def set_miss(miss)
+      @miss = miss
+    end
+    def rank
+      dim_names.length
+    end
+    def total
+      total = 1
+      ndims.times{|i|
+        total = total*dim(i).length
+      }
+      total
+    end
+    def dim_names
+      @dims.collect{|d| d.name }
+    end
+    def dim(index)
+      index = dim_names.index(index) if String===index
+      return nil if index.nil?
+      @dims[index]
+    end
+    def ndims
+      @dims.length
+    end
+    def def_dim(name,index)
+      d = GribDim.new(self,name)
+      if index==-1
+        @dims.push(d)
+      else
+        @dims[index] = d
+      end
+      return d
+    end
+    def put_att(key,val)
+      @attr[key]=val
+    end
+    alias :set_att :put_att
+    def att(key)
+      @attr[key]
+    end
+    def att_names
+      @attr.keys
+    end
+    def shape
+      @dims.collect{|d| d.length }
+    end
+    def typecode
+      if @obj.nil?
+        nil
+      elsif Array===@obj
+        NArray::FLOAT
+      else
+        @obj.typecode
+      end
+    end
+    def get(*indices)
+      if @obj.nil?
+        return nil
+      elsif NArray===@obj||NArrayMiss===@obj
+        return @obj[*indices]
+      else
+        sha = shape
+        if indices.length!=0
+          if indices[0] == false
+            indices[0] = [true]*(sha.length-indices.length+1)
+          elsif indices[-1] == false
+            indices[-1] = [true]*(sha.length-indices.length+1)
+          elsif indices.include?(false)
+            raise "invalid indices"
+          elsif sha.length!=indices.length
+            raise "invalid indices"
+          end
+          sha.length.times{|n|
+            ind = indices[n]
+            if ind==true
+              indices[n] = 0..sha[n]-1
+              next
+            elsif Fixnum===ind
+              sha[n] = 1
+              next
+            elsif Range===ind
+              f = ind.first
+              e = ind.end
+              e = sha[n]-1 if e==-1
+              e -= 1 if ind.exclude_end?
+              sha[n] = e-f+1
+              indices[n] = f..e
+              next
+            else
+              raise "invalid indices"
+            end
+          }
+          if rank>2
+            mask = NArray.byte(*shape[2..-1])
+            mask[*indices[2..-1]]= 1
+            first = Array.new(indices.length-2)
+	    first.length.times{|i|
+              ind = indices[2+i]
+              if Fixnum===ind
+	        first[i] = ind < 0 ? shape[2+i]+ind : ind
+              elsif Range===ind
+                first[i] = ind.first
+              else
+                raise "invalid indices"
+              end
+            }
+          else
+            mask = true
+          end
+        else
+          mask = true
+        end
+        value = @miss ? NArrayMiss.float(*sha) : NArray.float(*sha)
+        if rank==2
+          vz = nil
+         vt = nil
+          index = []
+        elsif rank==4
+          vz = dim(2).val
+          vt = dim(3).val
+          index = Array.new(2)
+        elsif !dim_names.include?("time")
+          vz = dim(2).val
+          vt = nil
+          index = Array.new(1)
+        else
+          vt = dim(2).val
+          vz = nil
+          index = Array.new(1)
+        end
+        @obj.each{|sgm|
+          pds = sgm.pds
+          if vz
+            index[0] = vz.eq(pds.z_value[0]["value"]).where[0]
+          end
+          if vt
+            index[-1] = vt.eq(get_time(pds.date)).where[0]
+          end
+          next if (mask!=true && mask[*index]==0)
+          bds = sgm.bds
+          if indices.length==0 || (indices[0]==true&&indices[1]==true)
+            val = bds.value(shape[0..1])
+          else
+            val = bds.value(shape[0..1],indices[0..1],sha[0..1])
+          end
+          d = pds.dfact
+          val = val*10.0**(-d)
+          if mask!=true
+            index.length==first.length || raise("invalide indices")
+            index.length.times{|i|
+              index[i] = index[i]-first[i]
+            }
+          end
+          value[true,true,*index] = val
+        }
+        sha.delete(1)
+        value.reshape!(*sha)
+        return value
+      end
+    end
+    alias :[] :get
+    alias :val :get
+    def put(val)
+      @obj = val
+    end
+    def inspect
+      "GribVar: #{@file.path}?var=#{@name}"
+    end
+  end
+
+end
+
+
+#####################################################
+if $0 == __FILE__
+
+  include NumRu
+
+  if ARGV.length>0
+    infname = ARGV.shift
+  else
+    infname = "../../../testdata/T.jan.grib"
+  end
+
+
+  Grib.is_a_Grib?(infname) || raise("file is not a Grib dataset")
+  p grib = Grib.open(infname)
+
+
+
+  print "\nVars\n"
+  grib.var_names.each{|vn|
+    p v = grib.var(vn)
+    p v.dim_names
+    v.dim_names.each{|dn| p dn; p v.dim(dn).get }
+    p v.shape
+    v.att_names.each{|an| print an, " => ", v.att(an), "\n" }
+    puts "\n"
+  }
+
+
+
+
+end