gcloud 0.0.4 → 0.0.6

data/packages/gsutil/boto/boto/mturk/layoutparam.py

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Chris Moyer http://coredumped.org/
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, dis-
+# tribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+# persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the fol-
+# lowing conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+# OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABIL-
+# ITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+# SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, 
+# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+# IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+class LayoutParameters:
+
+    def __init__(self, layoutParameters=None):
+        if layoutParameters == None:
+            layoutParameters = []
+        self.layoutParameters = layoutParameters
+
+    def add(self, req):
+        self.layoutParameters.append(req)
+
+    def get_as_params(self):
+        params = {}
+        assert(len(self.layoutParameters) <= 25)
+        for n, layoutParameter in enumerate(self.layoutParameters):
+            kv = layoutParameter.get_as_params()
+            for key in kv:
+                params['HITLayoutParameter.%s.%s' % ((n+1), key) ] = kv[key]
+        return params
+
+class LayoutParameter(object):
+    """
+    Representation of a single HIT layout parameter
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name, value):
+        self.name = name
+        self.value = value
+    
+    def get_as_params(self):
+        params =  {
+            "Name": self.name,
+            "Value": self.value,
+        }
+        return params

data/packages/gsutil/boto/boto/mturk/notification.py

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2006,2007 Mitch Garnaat http://garnaat.org/
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, dis-
+# tribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+# persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the fol-
+# lowing conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+# OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABIL-
+# ITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+# SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+# IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+"""
+Provides NotificationMessage and Event classes, with utility methods, for
+implementations of the Mechanical Turk Notification API.
+"""
+
+import hmac
+try:
+    from hashlib import sha1 as sha
+except ImportError:
+    import sha
+import base64
+import re
+
+class NotificationMessage:
+
+    NOTIFICATION_WSDL = "http://mechanicalturk.amazonaws.com/AWSMechanicalTurk/2006-05-05/AWSMechanicalTurkRequesterNotification.wsdl"
+    NOTIFICATION_VERSION = '2006-05-05'
+
+    SERVICE_NAME = "AWSMechanicalTurkRequesterNotification"
+    OPERATION_NAME = "Notify"
+
+    EVENT_PATTERN = r"Event\.(?P<n>\d+)\.(?P<param>\w+)"
+    EVENT_RE = re.compile(EVENT_PATTERN)
+
+    def __init__(self, d):
+        """
+        Constructor; expects parameter d to be a dict of string parameters from a REST transport notification message
+        """
+        self.signature = d['Signature'] # vH6ZbE0NhkF/hfNyxz2OgmzXYKs=
+        self.timestamp = d['Timestamp'] # 2006-05-23T23:22:30Z
+        self.version = d['Version'] # 2006-05-05
+        assert d['method'] == NotificationMessage.OPERATION_NAME, "Method should be '%s'" % NotificationMessage.OPERATION_NAME
+
+        # Build Events
+        self.events = []
+        events_dict = {}
+        if 'Event' in d:
+            # TurboGears surprised me by 'doing the right thing' and making { 'Event': { '1': { 'EventType': ... } } } etc.
+            events_dict = d['Event']
+        else:
+            for k in d:
+                v = d[k]
+                if k.startswith('Event.'):
+                    ed = NotificationMessage.EVENT_RE.search(k).groupdict()
+                    n = int(ed['n'])
+                    param = str(ed['param'])
+                    if n not in events_dict:
+                        events_dict[n] = {}
+                    events_dict[n][param] = v
+        for n in events_dict:
+            self.events.append(Event(events_dict[n]))
+
+    def verify(self, secret_key):
+        """
+        Verifies the authenticity of a notification message.
+
+        TODO: This is doing a form of authentication and
+              this functionality should really be merged
+              with the pluggable authentication mechanism
+              at some point.
+        """
+        verification_input = NotificationMessage.SERVICE_NAME
+        verification_input += NotificationMessage.OPERATION_NAME
+        verification_input += self.timestamp
+        h = hmac.new(key=secret_key, digestmod=sha)
+        h.update(verification_input)
+        signature_calc = base64.b64encode(h.digest())
+        return self.signature == signature_calc
+
+class Event:
+    def __init__(self, d):
+        self.event_type = d['EventType']
+        self.event_time_str = d['EventTime']
+        self.hit_type = d['HITTypeId']
+        self.hit_id = d['HITId']
+        if 'AssignmentId' in d:   # Not present in all event types
+            self.assignment_id = d['AssignmentId']
+
+        #TODO: build self.event_time datetime from string self.event_time_str
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<boto.mturk.notification.Event: %s for HIT # %s>" % (self.event_type, self.hit_id)

data/packages/gsutil/boto/boto/mturk/price.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2006,2007 Mitch Garnaat http://garnaat.org/
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, dis-
+# tribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+# persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the fol-
+# lowing conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+# OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABIL-
+# ITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+# SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, 
+# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+# IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+class Price:
+
+    def __init__(self, amount=0.0, currency_code='USD'):
+        self.amount = amount
+        self.currency_code = currency_code
+        self.formatted_price = ''
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if self.formatted_price:
+            return self.formatted_price
+        else:
+            return str(self.amount)
+
+    def startElement(self, name, attrs, connection):
+        return None
+
+    def endElement(self, name, value, connection):
+        if name == 'Amount':
+            self.amount = float(value)
+        elif name == 'CurrencyCode':
+            self.currency_code = value
+        elif name == 'FormattedPrice':
+            self.formatted_price = value
+
+    def get_as_params(self, label, ord=1):
+        return {'%s.%d.Amount'%(label, ord) : str(self.amount),
+                '%s.%d.CurrencyCode'%(label, ord) : self.currency_code}

data/packages/gsutil/boto/boto/mturk/qualification.py

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Chris Moyer http://coredumped.org/
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, dis-
+# tribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+# persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the fol-
+# lowing conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+# OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABIL-
+# ITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+# SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, 
+# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+# IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+class Qualifications:
+
+    def __init__(self, requirements=None):
+        if requirements == None:
+            requirements = []
+        self.requirements = requirements
+
+    def add(self, req):
+        self.requirements.append(req)
+
+    def get_as_params(self):
+        params = {}
+        assert(len(self.requirements) <= 10)
+        for n, req in enumerate(self.requirements):
+            reqparams = req.get_as_params()
+            for rp in reqparams:
+                params['QualificationRequirement.%s.%s' % ((n+1), rp) ] = reqparams[rp]
+        return params
+
+
+class Requirement(object):
+    """
+    Representation of a single requirement
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, qualification_type_id, comparator, integer_value=None, required_to_preview=False):
+        self.qualification_type_id = qualification_type_id
+        self.comparator = comparator
+        self.integer_value = integer_value
+        self.required_to_preview = required_to_preview
+    
+    def get_as_params(self):
+        params =  {
+            "QualificationTypeId": self.qualification_type_id,
+            "Comparator": self.comparator,
+        }
+        if self.comparator != 'Exists' and self.integer_value is not None:
+            params['IntegerValue'] = self.integer_value
+        if self.required_to_preview:
+            params['RequiredToPreview'] = "true"
+        return params
+
+class PercentAssignmentsSubmittedRequirement(Requirement):
+    """
+    The percentage of assignments the Worker has submitted, over all assignments the Worker has accepted. The value is an integer between 0 and 100.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, comparator, integer_value, required_to_preview=False):
+        Requirement.__init__(self, qualification_type_id="00000000000000000000", comparator=comparator, integer_value=integer_value, required_to_preview=required_to_preview)
+
+class PercentAssignmentsAbandonedRequirement(Requirement):
+    """
+    The percentage of assignments the Worker has abandoned (allowed the deadline to elapse), over all assignments the Worker has accepted. The value is an integer between 0 and 100.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, comparator, integer_value, required_to_preview=False):
+        Requirement.__init__(self, qualification_type_id="00000000000000000070", comparator=comparator, integer_value=integer_value, required_to_preview=required_to_preview)
+
+class PercentAssignmentsReturnedRequirement(Requirement):
+    """
+    The percentage of assignments the Worker has returned, over all assignments the Worker has accepted. The value is an integer between 0 and 100.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, comparator, integer_value, required_to_preview=False):
+        Requirement.__init__(self, qualification_type_id="000000000000000000E0", comparator=comparator, integer_value=integer_value, required_to_preview=required_to_preview)
+
+class PercentAssignmentsApprovedRequirement(Requirement):
+    """
+    The percentage of assignments the Worker has submitted that were subsequently approved by the Requester, over all assignments the Worker has submitted. The value is an integer between 0 and 100.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, comparator, integer_value, required_to_preview=False):
+        Requirement.__init__(self, qualification_type_id="000000000000000000L0", comparator=comparator, integer_value=integer_value, required_to_preview=required_to_preview)
+
+class PercentAssignmentsRejectedRequirement(Requirement):
+    """
+    The percentage of assignments the Worker has submitted that were subsequently rejected by the Requester, over all assignments the Worker has submitted. The value is an integer between 0 and 100.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, comparator, integer_value, required_to_preview=False):
+        Requirement.__init__(self, qualification_type_id="000000000000000000S0", comparator=comparator, integer_value=integer_value, required_to_preview=required_to_preview)
+
+class NumberHitsApprovedRequirement(Requirement):
+    """
+    Specifies the total number of HITs submitted by a Worker that have been approved. The value is an integer greater than or equal to 0.
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(self, comparator, integer_value, required_to_preview=False):
+        Requirement.__init__(self, qualification_type_id="00000000000000000040", comparator=comparator, integer_value=integer_value, required_to_preview=required_to_preview)
+
+class LocaleRequirement(Requirement):
+    """
+    A Qualification requirement based on the Worker's location. The Worker's location is specified by the Worker to Mechanical Turk when the Worker creates his account.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, comparator, locale, required_to_preview=False):
+        Requirement.__init__(self, qualification_type_id="00000000000000000071", comparator=comparator, integer_value=None, required_to_preview=required_to_preview)
+        self.locale = locale
+
+    def get_as_params(self):
+        params =  {
+            "QualificationTypeId": self.qualification_type_id,
+            "Comparator": self.comparator,
+            'LocaleValue.Country': self.locale,
+        }
+        if self.required_to_preview:
+            params['RequiredToPreview'] = "true"
+        return params
+
+class AdultRequirement(Requirement):
+    """
+    Requires workers to acknowledge that they are over 18 and that they agree to work on potentially offensive content. The value type is boolean, 1 (required), 0 (not required, the default).
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(self, comparator, integer_value, required_to_preview=False):
+        Requirement.__init__(self, qualification_type_id="00000000000000000060", comparator=comparator, integer_value=integer_value, required_to_preview=required_to_preview)

data/packages/gsutil/boto/boto/mturk/question.py

@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2006,2007 Mitch Garnaat http://garnaat.org/
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, dis-
+# tribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+# persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the fol-
+# lowing conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+# OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABIL-
+# ITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+# SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+# IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+import xml.sax.saxutils
+
+class Question(object):
+    template = "<Question>%(items)s</Question>"
+
+    def __init__(self, identifier, content, answer_spec,
+                 is_required=False, display_name=None):
+        # copy all of the parameters into object attributes
+        self.__dict__.update(vars())
+        del self.self
+
+    def get_as_params(self, label='Question'):
+        return {label: self.get_as_xml()}
+
+    def get_as_xml(self):
+        items = [
+            SimpleField('QuestionIdentifier', self.identifier),
+            SimpleField('IsRequired', str(self.is_required).lower()),
+            self.content,
+            self.answer_spec,
+        ]
+        if self.display_name is not None:
+            items.insert(1, SimpleField('DisplayName', self.display_name))
+        items = ''.join(item.get_as_xml() for item in items)
+        return self.template % vars()
+
+try:
+    from lxml import etree
+
+    class ValidatingXML(object):
+
+        def validate(self):
+            import urllib2
+            schema_src_file = urllib2.urlopen(self.schema_url)
+            schema_doc = etree.parse(schema_src_file)
+            schema = etree.XMLSchema(schema_doc)
+            doc = etree.fromstring(self.get_as_xml())
+            schema.assertValid(doc)
+except ImportError:
+    class ValidatingXML(object):
+
+        def validate(self):
+            pass
+
+
+class ExternalQuestion(ValidatingXML):
+    """
+    An object for constructing an External Question.
+    """
+    schema_url = "http://mechanicalturk.amazonaws.com/AWSMechanicalTurkDataSchemas/2006-07-14/ExternalQuestion.xsd"
+    template = '<ExternalQuestion xmlns="%(schema_url)s"><ExternalURL>%%(external_url)s</ExternalURL><FrameHeight>%%(frame_height)s</FrameHeight></ExternalQuestion>' % vars()
+
+    def __init__(self, external_url, frame_height):
+        self.external_url = xml.sax.saxutils.escape( external_url )
+        self.frame_height = frame_height
+
+    def get_as_params(self, label='ExternalQuestion'):
+        return {label: self.get_as_xml()}
+
+    def get_as_xml(self):
+        return self.template % vars(self)
+
+
+class XMLTemplate:
+    def get_as_xml(self):
+        return self.template % vars(self)
+
+
+class SimpleField(object, XMLTemplate):
+    """
+    A Simple name/value pair that can be easily rendered as XML.
+
+    >>> SimpleField('Text', 'A text string').get_as_xml()
+    '<Text>A text string</Text>'
+    """
+    template = '<%(field)s>%(value)s</%(field)s>'
+
+    def __init__(self, field, value):
+        self.field = field
+        self.value = value
+
+
+class Binary(object, XMLTemplate):
+    template = """<Binary><MimeType><Type>%(type)s</Type><SubType>%(subtype)s</SubType></MimeType><DataURL>%(url)s</DataURL><AltText>%(alt_text)s</AltText></Binary>"""
+
+    def __init__(self, type, subtype, url, alt_text):
+        self.__dict__.update(vars())
+        del self.self
+
+
+class List(list):
+    """A bulleted list suitable for OrderedContent or Overview content"""
+    def get_as_xml(self):
+        items = ''.join('<ListItem>%s</ListItem>' % item for item in self)
+        return '<List>%s</List>' % items
+
+
+class Application(object):
+    template = "<Application><%(class_)s>%(content)s</%(class_)s></Application>"
+    parameter_template = "<Name>%(name)s</Name><Value>%(value)s</Value>"
+
+    def __init__(self, width, height, **parameters):
+        self.width = width
+        self.height = height
+        self.parameters = parameters
+
+    def get_inner_content(self, content):
+        content.append_field('Width', self.width)
+        content.append_field('Height', self.height)
+        for name, value in self.parameters.items():
+            value = self.parameter_template % vars()
+            content.append_field('ApplicationParameter', value)
+
+    def get_as_xml(self):
+        content = OrderedContent()
+        self.get_inner_content(content)
+        content = content.get_as_xml()
+        class_ = self.__class__.__name__
+        return self.template % vars()
+
+
+class HTMLQuestion(ValidatingXML):
+    schema_url = 'http://mechanicalturk.amazonaws.com/AWSMechanicalTurkDataSchemas/2011-11-11/HTMLQuestion.xsd'
+    template = '<HTMLQuestion xmlns=\"%(schema_url)s\"><HTMLContent><![CDATA[<!DOCTYPE html>%%(html_form)s]]></HTMLContent><FrameHeight>%%(frame_height)s</FrameHeight></HTMLQuestion>' % vars()
+
+    def __init__(self, html_form, frame_height):
+        self.html_form = html_form
+        self.frame_height = frame_height
+
+    def get_as_params(self, label="HTMLQuestion"):
+        return {label: self.get_as_xml()}
+
+    def get_as_xml(self):
+        return self.template % vars(self)
+
+
+class JavaApplet(Application):
+    def __init__(self, path, filename, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.path = path
+        self.filename = filename
+        super(JavaApplet, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def get_inner_content(self, content):
+        content = OrderedContent()
+        content.append_field('AppletPath', self.path)
+        content.append_field('AppletFilename', self.filename)
+        super(JavaApplet, self).get_inner_content(content)
+
+
+class Flash(Application):
+    def __init__(self, url, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.url = url
+        super(Flash, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def get_inner_content(self, content):
+        content = OrderedContent()
+        content.append_field('FlashMovieURL', self.url)
+        super(Flash, self).get_inner_content(content)
+
+
+class FormattedContent(object, XMLTemplate):
+    schema_url = 'http://mechanicalturk.amazonaws.com/AWSMechanicalTurkDataSchemas/2006-07-14/FormattedContentXHTMLSubset.xsd'
+    template = '<FormattedContent><![CDATA[%(content)s]]></FormattedContent>'
+
+    def __init__(self, content):
+        self.content = content
+
+
+class OrderedContent(list):
+
+    def append_field(self, field, value):
+        self.append(SimpleField(field, value))
+
+    def get_as_xml(self):
+        return ''.join(item.get_as_xml() for item in self)
+
+
+class Overview(OrderedContent):
+    template = '<Overview>%(content)s</Overview>'
+
+    def get_as_params(self, label='Overview'):
+        return {label: self.get_as_xml()}
+
+    def get_as_xml(self):
+        content = super(Overview, self).get_as_xml()
+        return self.template % vars()
+
+
+class QuestionForm(ValidatingXML, list):
+    """
+    From the AMT API docs:
+
+    The top-most element of the QuestionForm data structure is a
+    QuestionForm element. This element contains optional Overview
+    elements and one or more Question elements. There can be any
+    number of these two element types listed in any order. The
+    following example structure has an Overview element and a
+    Question element followed by a second Overview element and
+    Question element--all within the same QuestionForm.
+
+    ::
+
+        <QuestionForm xmlns="[the QuestionForm schema URL]">
+            <Overview>
+                [...]
+            </Overview>
+            <Question>
+                [...]
+            </Question>
+            <Overview>
+                [...]
+            </Overview>
+            <Question>
+                [...]
+            </Question>
+            [...]
+        </QuestionForm>
+
+    QuestionForm is implemented as a list, so to construct a
+    QuestionForm, simply append Questions and Overviews (with at least
+    one Question).
+    """
+    schema_url = "http://mechanicalturk.amazonaws.com/AWSMechanicalTurkDataSchemas/2005-10-01/QuestionForm.xsd"
+    xml_template = """<QuestionForm xmlns="%(schema_url)s">%%(items)s</QuestionForm>""" % vars()
+
+    def is_valid(self):
+        return (
+            any(isinstance(item, Question) for item in self)
+            and
+            all(isinstance(item, (Question, Overview)) for item in self)
+            )
+
+    def get_as_xml(self):
+        assert self.is_valid(), "QuestionForm contains invalid elements"
+        items = ''.join(item.get_as_xml() for item in self)
+        return self.xml_template % vars()
+
+
+class QuestionContent(OrderedContent):
+    template = '<QuestionContent>%(content)s</QuestionContent>'
+
+    def get_as_xml(self):
+        content = super(QuestionContent, self).get_as_xml()
+        return self.template % vars()
+
+
+class AnswerSpecification(object):
+    template = '<AnswerSpecification>%(spec)s</AnswerSpecification>'
+
+    def __init__(self, spec):
+        self.spec = spec
+
+    def get_as_xml(self):
+        spec = self.spec.get_as_xml()
+        return self.template % vars()
+
+
+class Constraints(OrderedContent):
+    template = '<Constraints>%(content)s</Constraints>'
+
+    def get_as_xml(self):
+        content = super(Constraints, self).get_as_xml()
+        return self.template % vars()
+
+
+class Constraint(object):
+    def get_attributes(self):
+        pairs = zip(self.attribute_names, self.attribute_values)
+        attrs = ' '.join(
+            '%s="%d"' % (name, value)
+            for (name, value) in pairs
+            if value is not None
+            )
+        return attrs
+
+    def get_as_xml(self):
+        attrs = self.get_attributes()
+        return self.template % vars()
+
+
+class NumericConstraint(Constraint):
+    attribute_names = 'minValue', 'maxValue'
+    template = '<IsNumeric %(attrs)s />'
+
+    def __init__(self, min_value=None, max_value=None):
+        self.attribute_values = min_value, max_value
+
+
+class LengthConstraint(Constraint):
+    attribute_names = 'minLength', 'maxLength'
+    template = '<Length %(attrs)s />'
+
+    def __init__(self, min_length=None, max_length=None):
+        self.attribute_values = min_length, max_length
+
+
+class RegExConstraint(Constraint):
+    attribute_names = 'regex', 'errorText', 'flags'
+    template = '<AnswerFormatRegex %(attrs)s />'
+
+    def __init__(self, pattern, error_text=None, flags=None):
+        self.attribute_values = pattern, error_text, flags
+
+    def get_attributes(self):
+        pairs = zip(self.attribute_names, self.attribute_values)
+        attrs = ' '.join(
+            '%s="%s"' % (name, value)
+            for (name, value) in pairs
+            if value is not None
+            )
+        return attrs
+
+
+class NumberOfLinesSuggestion(object):
+    template = '<NumberOfLinesSuggestion>%(num_lines)s</NumberOfLinesSuggestion>'
+
+    def __init__(self, num_lines=1):
+        self.num_lines = num_lines
+
+    def get_as_xml(self):
+        num_lines = self.num_lines
+        return self.template % vars()
+
+
+class FreeTextAnswer(object):
+    template = '<FreeTextAnswer>%(items)s</FreeTextAnswer>'
+
+    def __init__(self, default=None, constraints=None, num_lines=None):
+        self.default = default
+        if constraints is None:
+            self.constraints = Constraints()
+        else:
+            self.constraints = Constraints(constraints)
+        self.num_lines = num_lines
+
+    def get_as_xml(self):
+        items = [self.constraints]
+        if self.default:
+            items.append(SimpleField('DefaultText', self.default))
+        if self.num_lines:
+            items.append(NumberOfLinesSuggestion(self.num_lines))
+        items = ''.join(item.get_as_xml() for item in items)
+        return self.template % vars()
+
+
+class FileUploadAnswer(object):
+    template = """<FileUploadAnswer><MaxFileSizeInBytes>%(max_bytes)d</MaxFileSizeInBytes><MinFileSizeInBytes>%(min_bytes)d</MinFileSizeInBytes></FileUploadAnswer>"""
+
+    def __init__(self, min_bytes, max_bytes):
+        assert 0 <= min_bytes <= max_bytes <= 2 * 10 ** 9
+        self.min_bytes = min_bytes
+        self.max_bytes = max_bytes
+
+    def get_as_xml(self):
+        return self.template % vars(self)
+
+
+class SelectionAnswer(object):
+    """
+    A class to generate SelectionAnswer XML data structures.
+    Does not yet implement Binary selection options.
+    """
+    SELECTIONANSWER_XML_TEMPLATE = """<SelectionAnswer>%s%s<Selections>%s</Selections></SelectionAnswer>""" # % (count_xml, style_xml, selections_xml)
+    SELECTION_XML_TEMPLATE = """<Selection><SelectionIdentifier>%s</SelectionIdentifier>%s</Selection>""" # (identifier, value_xml)
+    SELECTION_VALUE_XML_TEMPLATE = """<%s>%s</%s>""" # (type, value, type)
+    STYLE_XML_TEMPLATE = """<StyleSuggestion>%s</StyleSuggestion>""" # (style)
+    MIN_SELECTION_COUNT_XML_TEMPLATE = """<MinSelectionCount>%s</MinSelectionCount>""" # count
+    MAX_SELECTION_COUNT_XML_TEMPLATE = """<MaxSelectionCount>%s</MaxSelectionCount>""" # count
+    ACCEPTED_STYLES = ['radiobutton', 'dropdown', 'checkbox', 'list', 'combobox', 'multichooser']
+    OTHER_SELECTION_ELEMENT_NAME = 'OtherSelection'
+
+    def __init__(self, min=1, max=1, style=None, selections=None, type='text', other=False):
+
+        if style is not None:
+            if style in SelectionAnswer.ACCEPTED_STYLES:
+                self.style_suggestion = style
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("style '%s' not recognized; should be one of %s" % (style, ', '.join(SelectionAnswer.ACCEPTED_STYLES)))
+        else:
+            self.style_suggestion = None
+
+        if selections is None:
+            raise ValueError("SelectionAnswer.__init__(): selections must be a non-empty list of (content, identifier) tuples")
+        else:
+            self.selections = selections
+
+        self.min_selections = min
+        self.max_selections = max
+
+        assert len(selections) >= self.min_selections, "# of selections is less than minimum of %d" % self.min_selections
+        #assert len(selections) <= self.max_selections, "# of selections exceeds maximum of %d" % self.max_selections
+
+        self.type = type
+
+        self.other = other
+
+    def get_as_xml(self):
+        if self.type == 'text':
+            TYPE_TAG = "Text"
+        elif self.type == 'binary':
+            TYPE_TAG = "Binary"
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("illegal type: %s; must be either 'text' or 'binary'" % str(self.type))
+
+        # build list of <Selection> elements
+        selections_xml = ""
+        for tpl in self.selections:
+            value_xml = SelectionAnswer.SELECTION_VALUE_XML_TEMPLATE % (TYPE_TAG, tpl[0], TYPE_TAG)
+            selection_xml = SelectionAnswer.SELECTION_XML_TEMPLATE % (tpl[1], value_xml)
+            selections_xml += selection_xml
+
+        if self.other:
+            # add OtherSelection element as xml if available
+            if hasattr(self.other, 'get_as_xml'):
+                assert isinstance(self.other, FreeTextAnswer), 'OtherSelection can only be a FreeTextAnswer'
+                selections_xml += self.other.get_as_xml().replace('FreeTextAnswer', 'OtherSelection')
+            else:
+                selections_xml += "<OtherSelection />"
+
+        if self.style_suggestion is not None:
+            style_xml = SelectionAnswer.STYLE_XML_TEMPLATE % self.style_suggestion
+        else:
+            style_xml = ""
+
+        if self.style_suggestion != 'radiobutton':
+            count_xml = SelectionAnswer.MIN_SELECTION_COUNT_XML_TEMPLATE %self.min_selections
+            count_xml += SelectionAnswer.MAX_SELECTION_COUNT_XML_TEMPLATE %self.max_selections
+        else:
+            count_xml = ""
+
+        ret = SelectionAnswer.SELECTIONANSWER_XML_TEMPLATE % (count_xml, style_xml, selections_xml)
+
+        # return XML
+        return ret