foolio 0.0.3

data/ext/libuv/include/uv.h

@@ -0,0 +1,1838 @@
+/* Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+ * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+ * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+ * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+ * IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/* See http://nikhilm.github.com/uvbook/ for an introduction. */
+
+#ifndef UV_H
+#define UV_H
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  /* Windows - set up dll import/export decorators. */
+# if defined(BUILDING_UV_SHARED)
+    /* Building shared library. */
+#   define UV_EXTERN __declspec(dllexport)
+# elif defined(USING_UV_SHARED)
+    /* Using shared library. */
+#   define UV_EXTERN __declspec(dllimport)
+# else
+    /* Building static library. */
+#   define UV_EXTERN /* nothing */
+# endif
+#elif __GNUC__ >= 4
+# define UV_EXTERN __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+#else
+# define UV_EXTERN /* nothing */
+#endif
+
+
+#define UV_VERSION_MAJOR 0
+#define UV_VERSION_MINOR 9
+
+
+#include <stdint.h> /* int64_t */
+#include <sys/types.h> /* size_t */
+
+#if defined(__SVR4) && !defined(__unix__)
+# define __unix__
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__unix__) || defined(__POSIX__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+# include "uv-private/uv-unix.h"
+#else
+# include "uv-private/uv-win.h"
+#endif
+
+/* Expand this list if necessary. */
+#define UV_ERRNO_MAP(XX)                                                      \
+  XX( -1, UNKNOWN, "unknown error")                                           \
+  XX(  0, OK, "success")                                                      \
+  XX(  1, EOF, "end of file")                                                 \
+  XX(  2, EADDRINFO, "getaddrinfo error")                                     \
+  XX(  3, EACCES, "permission denied")                                        \
+  XX(  4, EAGAIN, "no more processes")                                        \
+  XX(  5, EADDRINUSE, "address already in use")                               \
+  XX(  6, EADDRNOTAVAIL, "")                                                  \
+  XX(  7, EAFNOSUPPORT, "")                                                   \
+  XX(  8, EALREADY, "")                                                       \
+  XX(  9, EBADF, "bad file descriptor")                                       \
+  XX( 10, EBUSY, "resource busy or locked")                                   \
+  XX( 11, ECONNABORTED, "software caused connection abort")                   \
+  XX( 12, ECONNREFUSED, "connection refused")                                 \
+  XX( 13, ECONNRESET, "connection reset by peer")                             \
+  XX( 14, EDESTADDRREQ, "destination address required")                       \
+  XX( 15, EFAULT, "bad address in system call argument")                      \
+  XX( 16, EHOSTUNREACH, "host is unreachable")                                \
+  XX( 17, EINTR, "interrupted system call")                                   \
+  XX( 18, EINVAL, "invalid argument")                                         \
+  XX( 19, EISCONN, "socket is already connected")                             \
+  XX( 20, EMFILE, "too many open files")                                      \
+  XX( 21, EMSGSIZE, "message too long")                                       \
+  XX( 22, ENETDOWN, "network is down")                                        \
+  XX( 23, ENETUNREACH, "network is unreachable")                              \
+  XX( 24, ENFILE, "file table overflow")                                      \
+  XX( 25, ENOBUFS, "no buffer space available")                               \
+  XX( 26, ENOMEM, "not enough memory")                                        \
+  XX( 27, ENOTDIR, "not a directory")                                         \
+  XX( 28, EISDIR, "illegal operation on a directory")                         \
+  XX( 29, ENONET, "machine is not on the network")                            \
+  XX( 31, ENOTCONN, "socket is not connected")                                \
+  XX( 32, ENOTSOCK, "socket operation on non-socket")                         \
+  XX( 33, ENOTSUP, "operation not supported on socket")                       \
+  XX( 34, ENOENT, "no such file or directory")                                \
+  XX( 35, ENOSYS, "function not implemented")                                 \
+  XX( 36, EPIPE, "broken pipe")                                               \
+  XX( 37, EPROTO, "protocol error")                                           \
+  XX( 38, EPROTONOSUPPORT, "protocol not supported")                          \
+  XX( 39, EPROTOTYPE, "protocol wrong type for socket")                       \
+  XX( 40, ETIMEDOUT, "connection timed out")                                  \
+  XX( 41, ECHARSET, "")                                                       \
+  XX( 42, EAIFAMNOSUPPORT, "")                                                \
+  XX( 44, EAISERVICE, "")                                                     \
+  XX( 45, EAISOCKTYPE, "")                                                    \
+  XX( 46, ESHUTDOWN, "")                                                      \
+  XX( 47, EEXIST, "file already exists")                                      \
+  XX( 48, ESRCH, "no such process")                                           \
+  XX( 49, ENAMETOOLONG, "name too long")                                      \
+  XX( 50, EPERM, "operation not permitted")                                   \
+  XX( 51, ELOOP, "too many symbolic links encountered")                       \
+  XX( 52, EXDEV, "cross-device link not permitted")                           \
+  XX( 53, ENOTEMPTY, "directory not empty")                                   \
+  XX( 54, ENOSPC, "no space left on device")                                  \
+  XX( 55, EIO, "i/o error")                                                   \
+  XX( 56, EROFS, "read-only file system" )                                    \
+  XX( 57, ENODEV, "no such device" )                                          \
+  XX( 58, ECANCELED, "operation canceled" )
+
+
+#define UV_ERRNO_GEN(val, name, s) UV_##name = val,
+typedef enum {
+  UV_ERRNO_MAP(UV_ERRNO_GEN)
+  UV_MAX_ERRORS
+} uv_err_code;
+#undef UV_ERRNO_GEN
+
+#define UV_HANDLE_TYPE_MAP(XX)                                                \
+  XX(ASYNC, async)                                                            \
+  XX(CHECK, check)                                                            \
+  XX(FS_EVENT, fs_event)                                                      \
+  XX(FS_POLL, fs_poll)                                                        \
+  XX(IDLE, idle)                                                              \
+  XX(NAMED_PIPE, pipe)                                                        \
+  XX(POLL, poll)                                                              \
+  XX(PREPARE, prepare)                                                        \
+  XX(PROCESS, process)                                                        \
+  XX(TCP, tcp)                                                                \
+  XX(TIMER, timer)                                                            \
+  XX(TTY, tty)                                                                \
+  XX(UDP, udp)                                                                \
+  XX(SIGNAL, signal)                                                          \
+
+#define UV_REQ_TYPE_MAP(XX)                                                   \
+  XX(CONNECT, connect)                                                        \
+  XX(WRITE, write)                                                            \
+  XX(SHUTDOWN, shutdown)                                                      \
+  XX(UDP_SEND, udp_send)                                                      \
+  XX(FS, fs)                                                                  \
+  XX(WORK, work)                                                              \
+  XX(GETADDRINFO, getaddrinfo)                                                \
+
+typedef enum {
+  UV_UNKNOWN_HANDLE = 0,
+#define XX(uc, lc) UV_##uc,
+  UV_HANDLE_TYPE_MAP(XX)
+#undef XX
+  UV_FILE,
+  UV_HANDLE_TYPE_MAX
+} uv_handle_type;
+
+typedef enum {
+  UV_UNKNOWN_REQ = 0,
+#define XX(uc, lc) UV_##uc,
+  UV_REQ_TYPE_MAP(XX)
+#undef XX
+  UV_REQ_TYPE_PRIVATE
+  UV_REQ_TYPE_MAX
+} uv_req_type;
+
+
+/* Handle types. */
+typedef struct uv_loop_s uv_loop_t;
+typedef struct uv_err_s uv_err_t;
+typedef struct uv_handle_s uv_handle_t;
+typedef struct uv_stream_s uv_stream_t;
+typedef struct uv_tcp_s uv_tcp_t;
+typedef struct uv_udp_s uv_udp_t;
+typedef struct uv_pipe_s uv_pipe_t;
+typedef struct uv_tty_s uv_tty_t;
+typedef struct uv_poll_s uv_poll_t;
+typedef struct uv_timer_s uv_timer_t;
+typedef struct uv_prepare_s uv_prepare_t;
+typedef struct uv_check_s uv_check_t;
+typedef struct uv_idle_s uv_idle_t;
+typedef struct uv_async_s uv_async_t;
+typedef struct uv_process_s uv_process_t;
+typedef struct uv_fs_event_s uv_fs_event_t;
+typedef struct uv_fs_poll_s uv_fs_poll_t;
+typedef struct uv_signal_s uv_signal_t;
+
+/* Request types. */
+typedef struct uv_req_s uv_req_t;
+typedef struct uv_getaddrinfo_s uv_getaddrinfo_t;
+typedef struct uv_shutdown_s uv_shutdown_t;
+typedef struct uv_write_s uv_write_t;
+typedef struct uv_connect_s uv_connect_t;
+typedef struct uv_udp_send_s uv_udp_send_t;
+typedef struct uv_fs_s uv_fs_t;
+typedef struct uv_work_s uv_work_t;
+
+/* None of the above. */
+typedef struct uv_counters_s uv_counters_t;
+typedef struct uv_cpu_info_s uv_cpu_info_t;
+typedef struct uv_interface_address_s uv_interface_address_t;
+
+
+/*
+ * This function must be called before any other functions in libuv.
+ *
+ * All functions besides uv_run() are non-blocking.
+ *
+ * All callbacks in libuv are made asynchronously. That is they are never
+ * made by the function that takes them as a parameter.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN uv_loop_t* uv_loop_new(void);
+UV_EXTERN void uv_loop_delete(uv_loop_t*);
+
+/*
+ * Returns the default loop.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN uv_loop_t* uv_default_loop(void);
+
+/*
+ * This function starts the event loop. It blocks until the reference count
+ * of the loop drops to zero. Always returns zero.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_run(uv_loop_t*);
+
+/*
+ * Poll for new events once. Note that this function blocks if there are no
+ * pending events. Returns zero when done (no active handles or requests left),
+ * or non-zero if more events are expected (meaning you should call
+ * uv_run_once() again sometime in the future).
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_run_once(uv_loop_t*);
+
+/*
+ * Manually modify the event loop's reference count. Useful if the user wants
+ * to have a handle or timeout that doesn't keep the loop alive.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN void uv_ref(uv_handle_t*);
+UV_EXTERN void uv_unref(uv_handle_t*);
+
+UV_EXTERN void uv_update_time(uv_loop_t*);
+UV_EXTERN int64_t uv_now(uv_loop_t*);
+
+
+/*
+ * Should return a buffer that libuv can use to read data into.
+ *
+ * `suggested_size` is a hint. Returning a buffer that is smaller is perfectly
+ * okay as long as `buf.len > 0`.
+ */
+typedef uv_buf_t (*uv_alloc_cb)(uv_handle_t* handle, size_t suggested_size);
+
+/*
+ * `nread` is > 0 if there is data available, 0 if libuv is done reading for now
+ * or -1 on error.
+ *
+ * Error details can be obtained by calling uv_last_error(). UV_EOF indicates
+ * that the stream has been closed.
+ *
+ * The callee is responsible for closing the stream when an error happens.
+ * Trying to read from the stream again is undefined.
+ *
+ * The callee is responsible for freeing the buffer, libuv does not reuse it.
+ */
+typedef void (*uv_read_cb)(uv_stream_t* stream, ssize_t nread, uv_buf_t buf);
+
+/*
+ * Just like the uv_read_cb except that if the pending parameter is true
+ * then you can use uv_accept() to pull the new handle into the process.
+ * If no handle is pending then pending will be UV_UNKNOWN_HANDLE.
+ */
+typedef void (*uv_read2_cb)(uv_pipe_t* pipe, ssize_t nread, uv_buf_t buf,
+    uv_handle_type pending);
+
+typedef void (*uv_write_cb)(uv_write_t* req, int status);
+typedef void (*uv_connect_cb)(uv_connect_t* req, int status);
+typedef void (*uv_shutdown_cb)(uv_shutdown_t* req, int status);
+typedef void (*uv_connection_cb)(uv_stream_t* server, int status);
+typedef void (*uv_close_cb)(uv_handle_t* handle);
+typedef void (*uv_poll_cb)(uv_poll_t* handle, int status, int events);
+typedef void (*uv_timer_cb)(uv_timer_t* handle, int status);
+/* TODO: do these really need a status argument? */
+typedef void (*uv_async_cb)(uv_async_t* handle, int status);
+typedef void (*uv_prepare_cb)(uv_prepare_t* handle, int status);
+typedef void (*uv_check_cb)(uv_check_t* handle, int status);
+typedef void (*uv_idle_cb)(uv_idle_t* handle, int status);
+typedef void (*uv_exit_cb)(uv_process_t*, int exit_status, int term_signal);
+typedef void (*uv_walk_cb)(uv_handle_t* handle, void* arg);
+typedef void (*uv_fs_cb)(uv_fs_t* req);
+typedef void (*uv_work_cb)(uv_work_t* req);
+typedef void (*uv_after_work_cb)(uv_work_t* req);
+typedef void (*uv_getaddrinfo_cb)(uv_getaddrinfo_t* req,
+                                  int status,
+                                  struct addrinfo* res);
+
+/*
+* This will be called repeatedly after the uv_fs_event_t is initialized.
+* If uv_fs_event_t was initialized with a directory the filename parameter
+* will be a relative path to a file contained in the directory.
+* The events parameter is an ORed mask of enum uv_fs_event elements.
+*/
+typedef void (*uv_fs_event_cb)(uv_fs_event_t* handle, const char* filename,
+    int events, int status);
+
+typedef void (*uv_fs_poll_cb)(uv_fs_poll_t* handle,
+                              int status,
+                              const uv_statbuf_t* prev,
+                              const uv_statbuf_t* curr);
+
+typedef void (*uv_signal_cb)(uv_signal_t* handle, int signum);
+
+
+typedef enum {
+  UV_LEAVE_GROUP = 0,
+  UV_JOIN_GROUP
+} uv_membership;
+
+
+struct uv_err_s {
+  /* read-only */
+  uv_err_code code;
+  /* private */
+  int sys_errno_;
+};
+
+
+/*
+ * Most functions return boolean: 0 for success and -1 for failure.
+ * On error the user should then call uv_last_error() to determine
+ * the error code.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN uv_err_t uv_last_error(uv_loop_t*);
+UV_EXTERN const char* uv_strerror(uv_err_t err);
+UV_EXTERN const char* uv_err_name(uv_err_t err);
+
+
+#define UV_REQ_FIELDS                                                         \
+  /* public */                                                                \
+  void* data;                                                                 \
+  /* private */                                                               \
+  ngx_queue_t active_queue;                                                   \
+  UV_REQ_PRIVATE_FIELDS                                                       \
+  /* read-only */                                                             \
+  uv_req_type type;                                                           \
+
+/* Abstract base class of all requests. */
+struct uv_req_s {
+  UV_REQ_FIELDS
+};
+
+
+/* Platform-specific request types */
+UV_PRIVATE_REQ_TYPES
+
+
+/*
+ * uv_shutdown_t is a subclass of uv_req_t
+ *
+ * Shutdown the outgoing (write) side of a duplex stream. It waits for
+ * pending write requests to complete. The handle should refer to a
+ * initialized stream. req should be an uninitialized shutdown request
+ * struct. The cb is called after shutdown is complete.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_shutdown(uv_shutdown_t* req, uv_stream_t* handle,
+    uv_shutdown_cb cb);
+
+struct uv_shutdown_s {
+  UV_REQ_FIELDS
+  uv_stream_t* handle;
+  uv_shutdown_cb cb;
+  UV_SHUTDOWN_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+};
+
+
+#define UV_HANDLE_FIELDS                                                      \
+  /* read-only */                                                             \
+  uv_loop_t* loop;                                                            \
+  /* public */                                                                \
+  uv_close_cb close_cb;                                                       \
+  void* data;                                                                 \
+  /* read-only */                                                             \
+  uv_handle_type type;                                                        \
+  /* private */                                                               \
+  ngx_queue_t handle_queue;                                                   \
+  UV_HANDLE_PRIVATE_FIELDS                                                    \
+
+/* The abstract base class of all handles.  */
+struct uv_handle_s {
+  UV_HANDLE_FIELDS
+};
+
+/*
+ * Returns size of various handle types, useful for FFI
+ * bindings to allocate correct memory without copying struct
+ * definitions
+ */
+UV_EXTERN size_t uv_handle_size(uv_handle_type type);
+
+/*
+ * Returns size of request types, useful for dynamic lookup with FFI
+ */
+UV_EXTERN size_t uv_req_size(uv_req_type type);
+
+/*
+ * Returns 1 if the prepare/check/idle/timer handle has been started, 0
+ * otherwise. For other handle types this always returns 1.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_is_active(const uv_handle_t* handle);
+
+/*
+ * Walk the list of open handles.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN void uv_walk(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_walk_cb walk_cb, void* arg);
+
+
+/*
+ * Request handle to be closed. close_cb will be called asynchronously after
+ * this call. This MUST be called on each handle before memory is released.
+ *
+ * Note that handles that wrap file descriptors are closed immediately but
+ * close_cb will still be deferred to the next iteration of the event loop.
+ * It gives you a chance to free up any resources associated with the handle.
+ *
+ * In-progress requests, like uv_connect_t or uv_write_t, are cancelled and
+ * have their callbacks called asynchronously with status=-1 and the error code
+ * set to UV_ECANCELED.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN void uv_close(uv_handle_t* handle, uv_close_cb close_cb);
+
+
+/*
+ * Constructor for uv_buf_t.
+ * Due to platform differences the user cannot rely on the ordering of the
+ * base and len members of the uv_buf_t struct. The user is responsible for
+ * freeing base after the uv_buf_t is done. Return struct passed by value.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN uv_buf_t uv_buf_init(char* base, unsigned int len);
+
+
+/*
+ * Utility function. Copies up to `size` characters from `src` to `dst`
+ * and ensures that `dst` is properly NUL terminated unless `size` is zero.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN size_t uv_strlcpy(char* dst, const char* src, size_t size);
+
+/*
+ * Utility function. Appends `src` to `dst` and ensures that `dst` is
+ * properly NUL terminated unless `size` is zero or `dst` does not
+ * contain a NUL byte. `size` is the total length of `dst` so at most
+ * `size - strlen(dst) - 1` characters will be copied from `src`.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN size_t uv_strlcat(char* dst, const char* src, size_t size);
+
+
+#define UV_STREAM_FIELDS                                                      \
+  /* number of bytes queued for writing */                                    \
+  size_t write_queue_size;                                                    \
+  uv_alloc_cb alloc_cb;                                                       \
+  uv_read_cb read_cb;                                                         \
+  uv_read2_cb read2_cb;                                                       \
+  /* private */                                                               \
+  UV_STREAM_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+
+/*
+ * uv_stream_t is a subclass of uv_handle_t
+ *
+ * uv_stream is an abstract class.
+ *
+ * uv_stream_t is the parent class of uv_tcp_t, uv_pipe_t, uv_tty_t, and
+ * soon uv_file_t.
+ */
+struct uv_stream_s {
+  UV_HANDLE_FIELDS
+  UV_STREAM_FIELDS
+};
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_listen(uv_stream_t* stream, int backlog, uv_connection_cb cb);
+
+/*
+ * This call is used in conjunction with uv_listen() to accept incoming
+ * connections. Call uv_accept after receiving a uv_connection_cb to accept
+ * the connection. Before calling uv_accept use uv_*_init() must be
+ * called on the client. Non-zero return value indicates an error.
+ *
+ * When the uv_connection_cb is called it is guaranteed that uv_accept will
+ * complete successfully the first time. If you attempt to use it more than
+ * once, it may fail. It is suggested to only call uv_accept once per
+ * uv_connection_cb call.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_accept(uv_stream_t* server, uv_stream_t* client);
+
+/*
+ * Read data from an incoming stream. The callback will be made several
+ * several times until there is no more data to read or uv_read_stop is
+ * called. When we've reached EOF nread will be set to -1 and the error is
+ * set to UV_EOF. When nread == -1 the buf parameter might not point to a
+ * valid buffer; in that case buf.len and buf.base are both set to 0.
+ * Note that nread might also be 0, which does *not* indicate an error or
+ * eof; it happens when libuv requested a buffer through the alloc callback
+ * but then decided that it didn't need that buffer.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_read_start(uv_stream_t*, uv_alloc_cb alloc_cb,
+    uv_read_cb read_cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_read_stop(uv_stream_t*);
+
+/*
+ * Extended read methods for receiving handles over a pipe. The pipe must be
+ * initialized with ipc == 1.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_read2_start(uv_stream_t*, uv_alloc_cb alloc_cb,
+    uv_read2_cb read_cb);
+
+
+/*
+ * Write data to stream. Buffers are written in order. Example:
+ *
+ *   uv_buf_t a[] = {
+ *     { .base = "1", .len = 1 },
+ *     { .base = "2", .len = 1 }
+ *   };
+ *
+ *   uv_buf_t b[] = {
+ *     { .base = "3", .len = 1 },
+ *     { .base = "4", .len = 1 }
+ *   };
+ *
+ *   uv_write_t req1;
+ *   uv_write_t req2;
+ *
+ *   // writes "1234"
+ *   uv_write(&req1, stream, a, 2);
+ *   uv_write(&req2, stream, b, 2);
+ *
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_write(uv_write_t* req, uv_stream_t* handle,
+    uv_buf_t bufs[], int bufcnt, uv_write_cb cb);
+
+/*
+ * Extended write function for sending handles over a pipe. The pipe must be
+ * initialized with ipc == 1.
+ * send_handle must be a TCP socket or pipe, which is a server or a connection
+ * (listening or connected state).  Bound sockets or pipes will be assumed to
+ * be servers.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_write2(uv_write_t* req, uv_stream_t* handle, uv_buf_t bufs[],
+    int bufcnt, uv_stream_t* send_handle, uv_write_cb cb);
+
+/* uv_write_t is a subclass of uv_req_t */
+struct uv_write_s {
+  UV_REQ_FIELDS
+  uv_write_cb cb;
+  uv_stream_t* send_handle;
+  uv_stream_t* handle;
+  UV_WRITE_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+};
+
+
+/*
+ * Used to determine whether a stream is readable or writable.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_is_readable(const uv_stream_t* handle);
+UV_EXTERN int uv_is_writable(const uv_stream_t* handle);
+
+
+/*
+ * Used to determine whether a stream is closing or closed.
+ *
+ * N.B. is only valid between the initialization of the handle
+ *      and the arrival of the close callback, and cannot be used
+ *      to validate the handle.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_is_closing(const uv_handle_t* handle);
+
+
+/*
+ * uv_tcp_t is a subclass of uv_stream_t
+ *
+ * Represents a TCP stream or TCP server.
+ */
+struct uv_tcp_s {
+  UV_HANDLE_FIELDS
+  UV_STREAM_FIELDS
+  UV_TCP_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+};
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_tcp_init(uv_loop_t*, uv_tcp_t* handle);
+
+/* Enable/disable Nagle's algorithm. */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_tcp_nodelay(uv_tcp_t* handle, int enable);
+
+/* Enable/disable TCP keep-alive.
+ *
+ * `ms` is the initial delay in seconds, ignored when `enable` is zero.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_tcp_keepalive(uv_tcp_t* handle, int enable,
+    unsigned int delay);
+
+/*
+ * This setting applies to Windows only.
+ * Enable/disable simultaneous asynchronous accept requests that are
+ * queued by the operating system when listening for new tcp connections.
+ * This setting is used to tune a tcp server for the desired performance.
+ * Having simultaneous accepts can significantly improve the rate of
+ * accepting connections (which is why it is enabled by default).
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_tcp_simultaneous_accepts(uv_tcp_t* handle, int enable);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_tcp_bind(uv_tcp_t* handle, struct sockaddr_in);
+UV_EXTERN int uv_tcp_bind6(uv_tcp_t* handle, struct sockaddr_in6);
+UV_EXTERN int uv_tcp_getsockname(uv_tcp_t* handle, struct sockaddr* name,
+    int* namelen);
+UV_EXTERN int uv_tcp_getpeername(uv_tcp_t* handle, struct sockaddr* name,
+    int* namelen);
+
+/*
+ * uv_tcp_connect, uv_tcp_connect6
+ * These functions establish IPv4 and IPv6 TCP connections. Provide an
+ * initialized TCP handle and an uninitialized uv_connect_t*. The callback
+ * will be made when the connection is established.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_tcp_connect(uv_connect_t* req, uv_tcp_t* handle,
+    struct sockaddr_in address, uv_connect_cb cb);
+UV_EXTERN int uv_tcp_connect6(uv_connect_t* req, uv_tcp_t* handle,
+    struct sockaddr_in6 address, uv_connect_cb cb);
+
+/* uv_connect_t is a subclass of uv_req_t */
+struct uv_connect_s {
+  UV_REQ_FIELDS
+  uv_connect_cb cb;
+  uv_stream_t* handle;
+  UV_CONNECT_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+};
+
+
+/*
+ * UDP support.
+ */
+
+enum uv_udp_flags {
+  /* Disables dual stack mode. Used with uv_udp_bind6(). */
+  UV_UDP_IPV6ONLY = 1,
+  /*
+   * Indicates message was truncated because read buffer was too small. The
+   * remainder was discarded by the OS. Used in uv_udp_recv_cb.
+   */
+  UV_UDP_PARTIAL = 2
+};
+
+/*
+ * Called after a uv_udp_send() or uv_udp_send6(). status 0 indicates
+ * success otherwise error.
+ */
+typedef void (*uv_udp_send_cb)(uv_udp_send_t* req, int status);
+
+/*
+ * Callback that is invoked when a new UDP datagram is received.
+ *
+ *  handle  UDP handle.
+ *  nread   Number of bytes that have been received.
+ *          0 if there is no more data to read. You may
+ *          discard or repurpose the read buffer.
+ *          -1 if a transmission error was detected.
+ *  buf     uv_buf_t with the received data.
+ *  addr    struct sockaddr_in or struct sockaddr_in6.
+ *          Valid for the duration of the callback only.
+ *  flags   One or more OR'ed UV_UDP_* constants.
+ *          Right now only UV_UDP_PARTIAL is used.
+ */
+typedef void (*uv_udp_recv_cb)(uv_udp_t* handle, ssize_t nread, uv_buf_t buf,
+    struct sockaddr* addr, unsigned flags);
+
+/* uv_udp_t is a subclass of uv_handle_t */
+struct uv_udp_s {
+  UV_HANDLE_FIELDS
+  UV_UDP_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+};
+
+/* uv_udp_send_t is a subclass of uv_req_t */
+struct uv_udp_send_s {
+  UV_REQ_FIELDS
+  uv_udp_t* handle;
+  uv_udp_send_cb cb;
+  UV_UDP_SEND_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+};
+
+/*
+ * Initialize a new UDP handle. The actual socket is created lazily.
+ * Returns 0 on success.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_udp_init(uv_loop_t*, uv_udp_t* handle);
+
+/*
+ * Bind to a IPv4 address and port.
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *  handle    UDP handle. Should have been initialized with `uv_udp_init`.
+ *  addr      struct sockaddr_in with the address and port to bind to.
+ *  flags     Unused.
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *  0 on success, -1 on error.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_udp_bind(uv_udp_t* handle, struct sockaddr_in addr,
+    unsigned flags);
+
+/*
+ * Bind to a IPv6 address and port.
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *  handle    UDP handle. Should have been initialized with `uv_udp_init`.
+ *  addr      struct sockaddr_in with the address and port to bind to.
+ *  flags     Should be 0 or UV_UDP_IPV6ONLY.
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *  0 on success, -1 on error.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_udp_bind6(uv_udp_t* handle, struct sockaddr_in6 addr,
+    unsigned flags);
+UV_EXTERN int uv_udp_getsockname(uv_udp_t* handle, struct sockaddr* name,
+    int* namelen);
+
+/*
+ * Set membership for a multicast address
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *  handle              UDP handle. Should have been initialized with
+ *                      `uv_udp_init`.
+ *  multicast_addr      multicast address to set membership for
+ *  interface_addr      interface address
+ *  membership          Should be UV_JOIN_GROUP or UV_LEAVE_GROUP
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *  0 on success, -1 on error.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_udp_set_membership(uv_udp_t* handle,
+    const char* multicast_addr, const char* interface_addr,
+    uv_membership membership);
+
+/*
+ * Set IP multicast loop flag. Makes multicast packets loop back to
+ * local sockets.
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *  handle              UDP handle. Should have been initialized with
+ *                      `uv_udp_init`.
+ *  on                  1 for on, 0 for off
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *  0 on success, -1 on error.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_udp_set_multicast_loop(uv_udp_t* handle, int on);
+
+/*
+ * Set the multicast ttl
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *  handle              UDP handle. Should have been initialized with
+ *                      `uv_udp_init`.
+ *  ttl                 1 through 255
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *  0 on success, -1 on error.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_udp_set_multicast_ttl(uv_udp_t* handle, int ttl);
+
+/*
+ * Set broadcast on or off
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *  handle              UDP handle. Should have been initialized with
+ *                      `uv_udp_init`.
+ *  on                  1 for on, 0 for off
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *  0 on success, -1 on error.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_udp_set_broadcast(uv_udp_t* handle, int on);
+
+/*
+ * Set the time to live
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *  handle              UDP handle. Should have been initialized with
+ *                      `uv_udp_init`.
+ *  ttl                 1 through 255
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *  0 on success, -1 on error.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_udp_set_ttl(uv_udp_t* handle, int ttl);
+
+/*
+ * Send data. If the socket has not previously been bound with `uv_udp_bind`
+ * or `uv_udp_bind6`, it is bound to 0.0.0.0 (the "all interfaces" address)
+ * and a random port number.
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *  req       UDP request handle. Need not be initialized.
+ *  handle    UDP handle. Should have been initialized with `uv_udp_init`.
+ *  bufs      List of buffers to send.
+ *  bufcnt    Number of buffers in `bufs`.
+ *  addr      Address of the remote peer. See `uv_ip4_addr`.
+ *  send_cb   Callback to invoke when the data has been sent out.
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *  0 on success, -1 on error.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_udp_send(uv_udp_send_t* req, uv_udp_t* handle,
+    uv_buf_t bufs[], int bufcnt, struct sockaddr_in addr,
+    uv_udp_send_cb send_cb);
+
+/*
+ * Send data. If the socket has not previously been bound with `uv_udp_bind6`,
+ * it is bound to ::0 (the "all interfaces" address) and a random port number.
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *  req       UDP request handle. Need not be initialized.
+ *  handle    UDP handle. Should have been initialized with `uv_udp_init`.
+ *  bufs      List of buffers to send.
+ *  bufcnt    Number of buffers in `bufs`.
+ *  addr      Address of the remote peer. See `uv_ip6_addr`.
+ *  send_cb   Callback to invoke when the data has been sent out.
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *  0 on success, -1 on error.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_udp_send6(uv_udp_send_t* req, uv_udp_t* handle,
+    uv_buf_t bufs[], int bufcnt, struct sockaddr_in6 addr,
+    uv_udp_send_cb send_cb);
+
+/*
+ * Receive data. If the socket has not previously been bound with `uv_udp_bind`
+ * or `uv_udp_bind6`, it is bound to 0.0.0.0 (the "all interfaces" address)
+ * and a random port number.
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *  handle    UDP handle. Should have been initialized with `uv_udp_init`.
+ *  alloc_cb  Callback to invoke when temporary storage is needed.
+ *  recv_cb   Callback to invoke with received data.
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *  0 on success, -1 on error.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_udp_recv_start(uv_udp_t* handle, uv_alloc_cb alloc_cb,
+    uv_udp_recv_cb recv_cb);
+
+/*
+ * Stop listening for incoming datagrams.
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *  handle    UDP handle. Should have been initialized with `uv_udp_init`.
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *  0 on success, -1 on error.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_udp_recv_stop(uv_udp_t* handle);
+
+
+/*
+ * uv_tty_t is a subclass of uv_stream_t
+ *
+ * Representing a stream for the console.
+ */
+struct uv_tty_s {
+  UV_HANDLE_FIELDS
+  UV_STREAM_FIELDS
+  UV_TTY_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+};
+
+/*
+ * Initialize a new TTY stream with the given file descriptor. Usually the
+ * file descriptor will be
+ *   0 = stdin
+ *   1 = stdout
+ *   2 = stderr
+ * The last argument, readable, specifies if you plan on calling
+ * uv_read_start with this stream. stdin is readable, stdout is not.
+ *
+ * TTY streams which are not readable have blocking writes.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_tty_init(uv_loop_t*, uv_tty_t*, uv_file fd, int readable);
+
+/*
+ * Set mode. 0 for normal, 1 for raw.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_tty_set_mode(uv_tty_t*, int mode);
+
+/*
+ * To be called when the program exits. Resets TTY settings to default
+ * values for the next process to take over.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN void uv_tty_reset_mode(void);
+
+/*
+ * Gets the current Window size. On success zero is returned.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_tty_get_winsize(uv_tty_t*, int* width, int* height);
+
+/*
+ * Used to detect what type of stream should be used with a given file
+ * descriptor. Usually this will be used during initialization to guess the
+ * type of the stdio streams.
+ * For isatty() functionality use this function and test for UV_TTY.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN uv_handle_type uv_guess_handle(uv_file file);
+
+/*
+ * uv_pipe_t is a subclass of uv_stream_t
+ *
+ * Representing a pipe stream or pipe server. On Windows this is a Named
+ * Pipe. On Unix this is a UNIX domain socket.
+ */
+struct uv_pipe_s {
+  UV_HANDLE_FIELDS
+  UV_STREAM_FIELDS
+  UV_PIPE_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+  int ipc; /* non-zero if this pipe is used for passing handles */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Initialize a pipe. The last argument is a boolean to indicate if
+ * this pipe will be used for handle passing between processes.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_pipe_init(uv_loop_t*, uv_pipe_t* handle, int ipc);
+
+/*
+ * Opens an existing file descriptor or HANDLE as a pipe.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN void uv_pipe_open(uv_pipe_t*, uv_file file);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_pipe_bind(uv_pipe_t* handle, const char* name);
+
+UV_EXTERN void uv_pipe_connect(uv_connect_t* req, uv_pipe_t* handle,
+    const char* name, uv_connect_cb cb);
+
+/*
+ * This setting applies to Windows only.
+ * Set the number of pending pipe instance handles when the pipe server
+ * is waiting for connections.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN void uv_pipe_pending_instances(uv_pipe_t* handle, int count);
+
+
+/*
+ * uv_poll_t is a subclass of uv_handle_t.
+ *
+ * The uv_poll watcher is used to watch file descriptors for readability and
+ * writability, similar to the purpose of poll(2).
+ *
+ * The purpose of uv_poll is to enable integrating external libraries that
+ * rely on the event loop to signal it about the socket status changes, like
+ * c-ares or libssh2. Using uv_poll_t for any other other purpose is not
+ * recommended; uv_tcp_t, uv_udp_t, etc. provide an implementation that is
+ * much faster and more scalable than what can be achieved with uv_poll_t,
+ * especially on Windows.
+ *
+ * It is possible that uv_poll occasionally signals that a file descriptor is
+ * readable or writable even when it isn't. The user should therefore always
+ * be prepared to handle EAGAIN or equivalent when it attempts to read from or
+ * write to the fd.
+ *
+ * It is not okay to have multiple active uv_poll watchers for the same socket.
+ * This can cause libuv to busyloop or otherwise malfunction.
+ *
+ * The user should not close a file descriptor while it is being polled by an
+ * active uv_poll watcher. This can cause the poll watcher to report an error,
+ * but it might also start polling another socket. However the fd can be safely
+ * closed immediately after a call to uv_poll_stop() or uv_close().
+ *
+ * On windows only sockets can be polled with uv_poll. On unix any file
+ * descriptor that would be accepted by poll(2) can be used with uv_poll.
+ */
+struct uv_poll_s {
+  UV_HANDLE_FIELDS
+  uv_poll_cb poll_cb;
+  UV_POLL_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+};
+
+enum uv_poll_event {
+  UV_READABLE = 1,
+  UV_WRITABLE = 2
+};
+
+/* Initialize the poll watcher using a file descriptor. */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_poll_init(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_poll_t* handle, int fd);
+
+/* Initialize the poll watcher using a socket descriptor. On unix this is */
+/* identical to uv_poll_init. On windows it takes a SOCKET handle. */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_poll_init_socket(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_poll_t* handle,
+    uv_os_sock_t socket);
+
+/*
+ * Starts polling the file descriptor. `events` is a bitmask consisting made up
+ * of UV_READABLE and UV_WRITABLE. As soon as an event is detected the callback
+ * will be called with `status` set to 0, and the detected events set en the
+ * `events` field.
+ *
+ * If an error happens while polling status may be set to -1 and the error
+ * code can be retrieved with uv_last_error. The user should not close the
+ * socket while uv_poll is active. If the user does that anyway, the callback
+ * *may* be called reporting an error status, but this is not guaranteed.
+ *
+ * Calling uv_poll_start on an uv_poll watcher that is already active is fine.
+ * Doing so will update the events mask that is being watched for.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_poll_start(uv_poll_t* handle, int events, uv_poll_cb cb);
+
+/* Stops polling the file descriptor. */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_poll_stop(uv_poll_t* handle);
+
+
+/*
+ * uv_prepare_t is a subclass of uv_handle_t.
+ *
+ * libev wrapper. Every active prepare handle gets its callback called
+ * exactly once per loop iteration, just before the system blocks to wait
+ * for completed i/o.
+ */
+struct uv_prepare_s {
+  UV_HANDLE_FIELDS
+  UV_PREPARE_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+};
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_prepare_init(uv_loop_t*, uv_prepare_t* prepare);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_prepare_start(uv_prepare_t* prepare, uv_prepare_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_prepare_stop(uv_prepare_t* prepare);
+
+
+/*
+ * uv_check_t is a subclass of uv_handle_t.
+ *
+ * libev wrapper. Every active check handle gets its callback called exactly
+ * once per loop iteration, just after the system returns from blocking.
+ */
+struct uv_check_s {
+  UV_HANDLE_FIELDS
+  UV_CHECK_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+};
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_check_init(uv_loop_t*, uv_check_t* check);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_check_start(uv_check_t* check, uv_check_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_check_stop(uv_check_t* check);
+
+
+/*
+ * uv_idle_t is a subclass of uv_handle_t.
+ *
+ * libev wrapper. Every active idle handle gets its callback called
+ * repeatedly until it is stopped. This happens after all other types of
+ * callbacks are processed.  When there are multiple "idle" handles active,
+ * their callbacks are called in turn.
+ */
+struct uv_idle_s {
+  UV_HANDLE_FIELDS
+  UV_IDLE_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+};
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_idle_init(uv_loop_t*, uv_idle_t* idle);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_idle_start(uv_idle_t* idle, uv_idle_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_idle_stop(uv_idle_t* idle);
+
+
+/*
+ * uv_async_t is a subclass of uv_handle_t.
+ *
+ * libev wrapper. uv_async_send wakes up the event
+ * loop and calls the async handle's callback There is no guarantee that
+ * every uv_async_send call leads to exactly one invocation of the callback;
+ * The only guarantee is that the callback function is  called at least once
+ * after the call to async_send. Unlike all other libuv functions,
+ * uv_async_send can be called from another thread.
+ */
+struct uv_async_s {
+  UV_HANDLE_FIELDS
+  UV_ASYNC_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+};
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_async_init(uv_loop_t*, uv_async_t* async,
+    uv_async_cb async_cb);
+
+/*
+ * This can be called from other threads to wake up a libuv thread.
+ *
+ * libuv is single threaded at the moment.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_async_send(uv_async_t* async);
+
+
+/*
+ * uv_timer_t is a subclass of uv_handle_t.
+ *
+ * Wraps libev's ev_timer watcher. Used to get woken up at a specified time
+ * in the future.
+ */
+struct uv_timer_s {
+  UV_HANDLE_FIELDS
+  UV_TIMER_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+};
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_timer_init(uv_loop_t*, uv_timer_t* timer);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_timer_start(uv_timer_t* timer, uv_timer_cb cb,
+    int64_t timeout, int64_t repeat);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_timer_stop(uv_timer_t* timer);
+
+/*
+ * Stop the timer, and if it is repeating restart it using the repeat value
+ * as the timeout. If the timer has never been started before it returns -1 and
+ * sets the error to UV_EINVAL.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_timer_again(uv_timer_t* timer);
+
+/*
+ * Set the repeat value. Note that if the repeat value is set from a timer
+ * callback it does not immediately take effect. If the timer was non-repeating
+ * before, it will have been stopped. If it was repeating, then the old repeat
+ * value will have been used to schedule the next timeout.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN void uv_timer_set_repeat(uv_timer_t* timer, int64_t repeat);
+
+UV_EXTERN int64_t uv_timer_get_repeat(uv_timer_t* timer);
+
+
+/*
+ * uv_getaddrinfo_t is a subclass of uv_req_t
+ *
+ * Request object for uv_getaddrinfo.
+ */
+struct uv_getaddrinfo_s {
+  UV_REQ_FIELDS
+  /* read-only */
+  uv_loop_t* loop;
+  UV_GETADDRINFO_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+};
+
+
+/*
+ * Asynchronous getaddrinfo(3).
+ *
+ * Either node or service may be NULL but not both.
+ *
+ * hints is a pointer to a struct addrinfo with additional address type
+ * constraints, or NULL. Consult `man -s 3 getaddrinfo` for details.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success, -1 on error. Call uv_last_error() to get the error.
+ *
+ * If successful, your callback gets called sometime in the future with the
+ * lookup result, which is either:
+ *
+ *  a) status == 0, the res argument points to a valid struct addrinfo, or
+ *  b) status == -1, the res argument is NULL.
+ *
+ * On NXDOMAIN, the status code is -1 and uv_last_error() returns UV_ENOENT.
+ *
+ * Call uv_freeaddrinfo() to free the addrinfo structure.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_getaddrinfo(uv_loop_t* loop,
+                             uv_getaddrinfo_t* req,
+                             uv_getaddrinfo_cb getaddrinfo_cb,
+                             const char* node,
+                             const char* service,
+                             const struct addrinfo* hints);
+
+/*
+ * Free the struct addrinfo. Passing NULL is allowed and is a no-op.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN void uv_freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo* ai);
+
+/* uv_spawn() options */
+typedef enum {
+  UV_IGNORE         = 0x00,
+  UV_CREATE_PIPE    = 0x01,
+  UV_INHERIT_FD     = 0x02,
+  UV_INHERIT_STREAM = 0x04,
+
+  /* When UV_CREATE_PIPE is specified, UV_READABLE_PIPE and UV_WRITABLE_PIPE
+   * determine the direction of flow, from the child process' perspective. Both
+   * flags may be specified to create a duplex data stream.
+   */
+  UV_READABLE_PIPE  = 0x10,
+  UV_WRITABLE_PIPE  = 0x20
+} uv_stdio_flags;
+
+typedef struct uv_stdio_container_s {
+  uv_stdio_flags flags;
+
+  union {
+    uv_stream_t* stream;
+    int fd;
+  } data;
+} uv_stdio_container_t;
+
+typedef struct uv_process_options_s {
+  uv_exit_cb exit_cb; /* Called after the process exits. */
+  const char* file; /* Path to program to execute. */
+  /*
+   * Command line arguments. args[0] should be the path to the program. On
+   * Windows this uses CreateProcess which concatenates the arguments into a
+   * string this can cause some strange errors. See the note at
+   * windows_verbatim_arguments.
+   */
+  char** args;
+  /*
+   * This will be set as the environ variable in the subprocess. If this is
+   * NULL then the parents environ will be used.
+   */
+  char** env;
+  /*
+   * If non-null this represents a directory the subprocess should execute
+   * in. Stands for current working directory.
+   */
+  char* cwd;
+  /*
+   * Various flags that control how uv_spawn() behaves. See the definition of
+   * `enum uv_process_flags` below.
+   */
+  unsigned int flags;
+  /*
+   * Libuv can change the child process' user/group id. This happens only when
+   * the appropriate bits are set in the flags fields. This is not supported on
+   * windows; uv_spawn() will fail and set the error to UV_ENOTSUP.
+   */
+  uv_uid_t uid;
+  uv_gid_t gid;
+
+  /*
+   * The `stdio` field points to an array of uv_stdio_container_t structs that
+   * describe the file descriptors that will be made available to the child
+   * process. The convention is that stdio[0] points to stdin, fd 1 is used for
+   * stdout, and fd 2 is stderr.
+   *
+   * Note that on windows file descriptors greater than 2 are available to the
+   * child process only if the child processes uses the MSVCRT runtime.
+   */
+  int stdio_count;
+  uv_stdio_container_t* stdio;
+} uv_process_options_t;
+
+/*
+ * These are the flags that can be used for the uv_process_options.flags field.
+ */
+enum uv_process_flags {
+  /*
+   * Set the child process' user id. The user id is supplied in the `uid` field
+   * of the options struct. This does not work on windows; setting this flag
+   * will cause uv_spawn() to fail.
+   */
+  UV_PROCESS_SETUID = (1 << 0),
+  /*
+   * Set the child process' group id. The user id is supplied in the `gid`
+   * field of the options struct. This does not work on windows; setting this
+   * flag will cause uv_spawn() to fail.
+   */
+  UV_PROCESS_SETGID = (1 << 1),
+  /*
+   * Do not wrap any arguments in quotes, or perform any other escaping, when
+   * converting the argument list into a command line string. This option is
+   * only meaningful on Windows systems. On unix it is silently ignored.
+   */
+  UV_PROCESS_WINDOWS_VERBATIM_ARGUMENTS = (1 << 2),
+  /*
+   * Spawn the child process in a detached state - this will make it a process
+   * group leader, and will effectively enable the child to keep running after
+   * the parent exits.  Note that the child process will still keep the
+   * parent's event loop alive unless the parent process calls uv_unref() on
+   * the child's process handle.
+   */
+  UV_PROCESS_DETACHED = (1 << 3)
+};
+
+/*
+ * uv_process_t is a subclass of uv_handle_t
+ */
+struct uv_process_s {
+  UV_HANDLE_FIELDS
+  uv_exit_cb exit_cb;
+  int pid;
+  UV_PROCESS_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+};
+
+/* Initializes uv_process_t and starts the process. */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_spawn(uv_loop_t*, uv_process_t*,
+    uv_process_options_t options);
+
+
+/*
+ * Kills the process with the specified signal. The user must still
+ * call uv_close on the process.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_process_kill(uv_process_t*, int signum);
+
+
+/* Kills the process with the specified signal. */
+UV_EXTERN uv_err_t uv_kill(int pid, int signum);
+
+
+/*
+ * uv_work_t is a subclass of uv_req_t
+ */
+struct uv_work_s {
+  UV_REQ_FIELDS
+  uv_loop_t* loop;
+  uv_work_cb work_cb;
+  uv_after_work_cb after_work_cb;
+  UV_WORK_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+};
+
+/* Queues a work request to execute asynchronously on the thread pool. */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_queue_work(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_work_t* req,
+    uv_work_cb work_cb, uv_after_work_cb after_work_cb);
+
+
+struct uv_cpu_info_s {
+  char* model;
+  int speed;
+  struct uv_cpu_times_s {
+    uint64_t user;
+    uint64_t nice;
+    uint64_t sys;
+    uint64_t idle;
+    uint64_t irq;
+  } cpu_times;
+};
+
+struct uv_interface_address_s {
+  char* name;
+  int is_internal;
+  union {
+    struct sockaddr_in address4;
+    struct sockaddr_in6 address6;
+  } address;
+};
+
+UV_EXTERN char** uv_setup_args(int argc, char** argv);
+UV_EXTERN uv_err_t uv_get_process_title(char* buffer, size_t size);
+UV_EXTERN uv_err_t uv_set_process_title(const char* title);
+UV_EXTERN uv_err_t uv_resident_set_memory(size_t* rss);
+UV_EXTERN uv_err_t uv_uptime(double* uptime);
+
+/*
+ * This allocates cpu_infos array, and sets count.  The array
+ * is freed using uv_free_cpu_info().
+ */
+UV_EXTERN uv_err_t uv_cpu_info(uv_cpu_info_t** cpu_infos, int* count);
+UV_EXTERN void uv_free_cpu_info(uv_cpu_info_t* cpu_infos, int count);
+
+/*
+ * This allocates addresses array, and sets count.  The array
+ * is freed using uv_free_interface_addresses().
+ */
+UV_EXTERN uv_err_t uv_interface_addresses(uv_interface_address_t** addresses,
+  int* count);
+UV_EXTERN void uv_free_interface_addresses(uv_interface_address_t* addresses,
+  int count);
+
+/*
+ * File System Methods.
+ *
+ * The uv_fs_* functions execute a blocking system call asynchronously (in a
+ * thread pool) and call the specified callback in the specified loop after
+ * completion. If the user gives NULL as the callback the blocking system
+ * call will be called synchronously. req should be a pointer to an
+ * uninitialized uv_fs_t object.
+ *
+ * uv_fs_req_cleanup() must be called after completion of the uv_fs_
+ * function to free any internal memory allocations associated with the
+ * request.
+ */
+
+typedef enum {
+  UV_FS_UNKNOWN = -1,
+  UV_FS_CUSTOM,
+  UV_FS_OPEN,
+  UV_FS_CLOSE,
+  UV_FS_READ,
+  UV_FS_WRITE,
+  UV_FS_SENDFILE,
+  UV_FS_STAT,
+  UV_FS_LSTAT,
+  UV_FS_FSTAT,
+  UV_FS_FTRUNCATE,
+  UV_FS_UTIME,
+  UV_FS_FUTIME,
+  UV_FS_CHMOD,
+  UV_FS_FCHMOD,
+  UV_FS_FSYNC,
+  UV_FS_FDATASYNC,
+  UV_FS_UNLINK,
+  UV_FS_RMDIR,
+  UV_FS_MKDIR,
+  UV_FS_RENAME,
+  UV_FS_READDIR,
+  UV_FS_LINK,
+  UV_FS_SYMLINK,
+  UV_FS_READLINK,
+  UV_FS_CHOWN,
+  UV_FS_FCHOWN
+} uv_fs_type;
+
+/* uv_fs_t is a subclass of uv_req_t */
+struct uv_fs_s {
+  UV_REQ_FIELDS
+  uv_fs_type fs_type;
+  uv_loop_t* loop;
+  uv_fs_cb cb;
+  ssize_t result;
+  void* ptr;
+  const char* path;
+  uv_err_code errorno;
+  UV_FS_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+};
+
+UV_EXTERN void uv_fs_req_cleanup(uv_fs_t* req);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_close(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, uv_file file,
+    uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_open(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, const char* path,
+    int flags, int mode, uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_read(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, uv_file file,
+    void* buf, size_t length, int64_t offset, uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_unlink(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, const char* path,
+    uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_write(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, uv_file file,
+    void* buf, size_t length, int64_t offset, uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_mkdir(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, const char* path,
+    int mode, uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_rmdir(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, const char* path,
+    uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_readdir(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req,
+    const char* path, int flags, uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_stat(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, const char* path,
+    uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_fstat(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, uv_file file,
+    uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_rename(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, const char* path,
+    const char* new_path, uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_fsync(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, uv_file file,
+    uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_fdatasync(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, uv_file file,
+    uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_ftruncate(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, uv_file file,
+    int64_t offset, uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_sendfile(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, uv_file out_fd,
+    uv_file in_fd, int64_t in_offset, size_t length, uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_chmod(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, const char* path,
+    int mode, uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_utime(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, const char* path,
+    double atime, double mtime, uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_futime(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, uv_file file,
+    double atime, double mtime, uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_lstat(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, const char* path,
+    uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_link(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, const char* path,
+    const char* new_path, uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+/*
+ * This flag can be used with uv_fs_symlink on Windows
+ * to specify whether path argument points to a directory.
+ */
+#define UV_FS_SYMLINK_DIR          0x0001
+
+/*
+ * This flag can be used with uv_fs_symlink on Windows
+ * to specify whether the symlink is to be created using junction points.
+ */
+#define UV_FS_SYMLINK_JUNCTION     0x0002
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_symlink(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, const char* path,
+    const char* new_path, int flags, uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_readlink(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, const char* path,
+    uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_fchmod(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, uv_file file,
+    int mode, uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_chown(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, const char* path,
+    int uid, int gid, uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_fchown(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_t* req, uv_file file,
+    int uid, int gid, uv_fs_cb cb);
+
+
+enum uv_fs_event {
+  UV_RENAME = 1,
+  UV_CHANGE = 2
+};
+
+
+struct uv_fs_event_s {
+  UV_HANDLE_FIELDS
+  char* filename;
+  UV_FS_EVENT_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+};
+
+
+/*
+ * uv_fs_stat() based polling file watcher.
+ */
+struct uv_fs_poll_s {
+  UV_HANDLE_FIELDS
+  /* Private, don't touch. */
+  int busy_polling; /* TODO(bnoordhuis) Fold into flags field. */
+  unsigned int interval;
+  uint64_t start_time;
+  char* path;
+  uv_fs_poll_cb poll_cb;
+  uv_timer_t timer_handle;
+  uv_fs_t* fs_req;
+  uv_statbuf_t statbuf;
+};
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_poll_init(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_poll_t* handle);
+
+/*
+ * Check the file at `path` for changes every `interval` milliseconds.
+ *
+ * Your callback i invoked with `status == -1` if `path` does not exist
+ * or is inaccessible. The watcher is *not* stopped but your callback is
+ * not called again until something changes (e.g. when the file is created
+ * or the error reason changes).
+ *
+ * When `status == 0`, your callback receives pointers to the old and new
+ * `uv_statbuf_t` structs. They are valid for the duration of the callback
+ * only!
+ *
+ * For maximum portability, use multi-second intervals. Sub-second intervals
+ * will not detect all changes on many file systems.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_poll_start(uv_fs_poll_t* handle,
+                               uv_fs_poll_cb poll_cb,
+                               const char* path,
+                               unsigned int interval);
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_poll_stop(uv_fs_poll_t* handle);
+
+
+/*
+ * UNIX signal handling on a per-event loop basis. The implementation is not
+ * ultra efficient so don't go creating a million event loops with a million
+ * signal watchers.
+ *
+ * TODO(bnoordhuis) As of 2012-08-10 only the default event loop supports
+ *                  signals. That will be fixed.
+ */
+struct uv_signal_s {
+  UV_HANDLE_FIELDS
+  uv_signal_cb signal_cb;
+  UV_SIGNAL_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+};
+
+/* These functions are no-ops on Windows. */
+int uv_signal_init(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_signal_t* handle);
+int uv_signal_start(uv_signal_t* handle, uv_signal_cb signal_cb, int signum);
+int uv_signal_stop(uv_signal_t* handle);
+
+
+/*
+ * Gets load avg
+ * See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_(computing)
+ * (Returns [0,0,0] for windows and cygwin)
+ */
+UV_EXTERN void uv_loadavg(double avg[3]);
+
+
+/*
+ * Flags to be passed to uv_fs_event_init.
+ */
+enum uv_fs_event_flags {
+  /*
+   * By default, if the fs event watcher is given a directory name, we will
+   * watch for all events in that directory. This flags overrides this behavior
+   * and makes fs_event report only changes to the directory entry itself. This
+   * flag does not affect individual files watched.
+   * This flag is currently not implemented yet on any backend.
+   */
+ UV_FS_EVENT_WATCH_ENTRY = 1,
+
+  /*
+   * By default uv_fs_event will try to use a kernel interface such as inotify
+   * or kqueue to detect events. This may not work on remote filesystems such
+   * as NFS mounts. This flag makes fs_event fall back to calling stat() on a
+   * regular interval.
+   * This flag is currently not implemented yet on any backend.
+   */
+  UV_FS_EVENT_STAT = 2
+};
+
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_fs_event_init(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_fs_event_t* handle,
+    const char* filename, uv_fs_event_cb cb, int flags);
+
+/* Utility */
+
+/* Convert string ip addresses to binary structures */
+UV_EXTERN struct sockaddr_in uv_ip4_addr(const char* ip, int port);
+UV_EXTERN struct sockaddr_in6 uv_ip6_addr(const char* ip, int port);
+
+/* Convert binary addresses to strings */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_ip4_name(struct sockaddr_in* src, char* dst, size_t size);
+UV_EXTERN int uv_ip6_name(struct sockaddr_in6* src, char* dst, size_t size);
+
+/* Cross-platform IPv6-capable implementation of the 'standard' inet_ntop */
+/* and inet_pton functions. On success they return UV_OK. If an error */
+/* the target of the `dst` pointer is unmodified. */
+uv_err_t uv_inet_ntop(int af, const void* src, char* dst, size_t size);
+uv_err_t uv_inet_pton(int af, const char* src, void* dst);
+
+/* Gets the executable path */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_exepath(char* buffer, size_t* size);
+
+/* Gets the current working directory */
+UV_EXTERN uv_err_t uv_cwd(char* buffer, size_t size);
+
+/* Changes the current working directory */
+UV_EXTERN uv_err_t uv_chdir(const char* dir);
+
+/* Gets memory info in bytes */
+UV_EXTERN uint64_t uv_get_free_memory(void);
+UV_EXTERN uint64_t uv_get_total_memory(void);
+
+/*
+ * Returns the current high-resolution real time. This is expressed in
+ * nanoseconds. It is relative to an arbitrary time in the past. It is not
+ * related to the time of day and therefore not subject to clock drift. The
+ * primary use is for measuring performance between intervals.
+ *
+ * Note not every platform can support nanosecond resolution; however, this
+ * value will always be in nanoseconds.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN extern uint64_t uv_hrtime(void);
+
+
+/*
+ * Disables inheritance for file descriptors / handles that this process
+ * inherited from its parent. The effect is that child processes spawned by
+ * this proces don't accidently inherit these handles.
+ *
+ * It is recommended to call this function as early in your program as possible,
+ * before the inherited file descriptors can be closed or duplicated.
+ *
+ * Note that this function works on a best-effort basis: there is no guarantee
+ * that libuv can discover all file descriptors that were inherited. In general
+ * it does a better job on Windows than it does on unix.
+ *
+ * TODO(bb): insert snarky remark to annoy bnoordhuis and the folks at joyent.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN void uv_disable_stdio_inheritance(void);
+
+/*
+ * Opens a shared library. The filename is in utf-8. Returns 0 on success and
+ * -1 on error. Call `uv_dlerror(uv_lib_t*)` to get the error message.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_dlopen(const char* filename, uv_lib_t* lib);
+
+/*
+ * Close the shared libary.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN void uv_dlclose(uv_lib_t* lib);
+
+/*
+ * Retrieves a data pointer from a dynamic library. It is legal for a symbol to
+ * map to NULL. Returns 0 on success and -1 if the symbol was not found.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_dlsym(uv_lib_t* lib, const char* name, void** ptr);
+
+/*
+ * Returns the last uv_dlopen() or uv_dlsym() error message.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN const char* uv_dlerror(uv_lib_t* lib);
+
+/*
+ * The mutex functions return 0 on success, -1 on error
+ * (unless the return type is void, of course).
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_mutex_init(uv_mutex_t* handle);
+UV_EXTERN void uv_mutex_destroy(uv_mutex_t* handle);
+UV_EXTERN void uv_mutex_lock(uv_mutex_t* handle);
+UV_EXTERN int uv_mutex_trylock(uv_mutex_t* handle);
+UV_EXTERN void uv_mutex_unlock(uv_mutex_t* handle);
+
+/*
+ * Same goes for the read/write lock functions.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_rwlock_init(uv_rwlock_t* rwlock);
+UV_EXTERN void uv_rwlock_destroy(uv_rwlock_t* rwlock);
+UV_EXTERN void uv_rwlock_rdlock(uv_rwlock_t* rwlock);
+UV_EXTERN int uv_rwlock_tryrdlock(uv_rwlock_t* rwlock);
+UV_EXTERN void uv_rwlock_rdunlock(uv_rwlock_t* rwlock);
+UV_EXTERN void uv_rwlock_wrlock(uv_rwlock_t* rwlock);
+UV_EXTERN int uv_rwlock_trywrlock(uv_rwlock_t* rwlock);
+UV_EXTERN void uv_rwlock_wrunlock(uv_rwlock_t* rwlock);
+
+/*
+ * Same goes for the semaphore functions.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN int uv_sem_init(uv_sem_t* sem, unsigned int value);
+UV_EXTERN void uv_sem_destroy(uv_sem_t* sem);
+UV_EXTERN void uv_sem_post(uv_sem_t* sem);
+UV_EXTERN void uv_sem_wait(uv_sem_t* sem);
+UV_EXTERN int uv_sem_trywait(uv_sem_t* sem);
+
+/* Runs a function once and only once. Concurrent calls to uv_once() with the
+ * same guard will block all callers except one (it's unspecified which one).
+ * The guard should be initialized statically with the UV_ONCE_INIT macro.
+ */
+UV_EXTERN void uv_once(uv_once_t* guard, void (*callback)(void));
+
+UV_EXTERN int uv_thread_create(uv_thread_t *tid,
+    void (*entry)(void *arg), void *arg);
+UV_EXTERN int uv_thread_join(uv_thread_t *tid);
+
+/* the presence of these unions force similar struct layout */
+union uv_any_handle {
+  uv_handle_t handle;
+  uv_stream_t stream;
+  uv_tcp_t tcp;
+  uv_pipe_t pipe;
+  uv_prepare_t prepare;
+  uv_check_t check;
+  uv_idle_t idle;
+  uv_async_t async;
+  uv_timer_t timer;
+  uv_fs_event_t fs_event;
+  uv_fs_poll_t fs_poll;
+  uv_poll_t poll;
+  uv_process_t process;
+  uv_tty_t tty;
+  uv_udp_t udp;
+};
+
+union uv_any_req {
+  uv_req_t req;
+  uv_write_t write;
+  uv_connect_t connect;
+  uv_shutdown_t shutdown;
+  uv_fs_t fs_req;
+  uv_work_t work_req;
+  uv_udp_send_t udp_send_req;
+  uv_getaddrinfo_t getaddrinfo_req;
+};
+
+
+struct uv_counters_s {
+  uint64_t async_init;
+  uint64_t check_init;
+  uint64_t eio_init;
+  uint64_t fs_event_init;
+  uint64_t fs_poll_init;
+  uint64_t handle_init;
+  uint64_t idle_init;
+  uint64_t pipe_init;
+  uint64_t poll_init;
+  uint64_t prepare_init;
+  uint64_t process_init;
+  uint64_t req_init;
+  uint64_t stream_init;
+  uint64_t tcp_init;
+  uint64_t timer_init;
+  uint64_t tty_init;
+  uint64_t udp_init;
+};
+
+
+struct uv_loop_s {
+  UV_LOOP_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+  /* The last error */
+  uv_err_t last_err;
+  /* Loop reference counting */
+  unsigned int active_handles;
+  ngx_queue_t handle_queue;
+  ngx_queue_t active_reqs;
+  /* User data - use this for whatever. */
+  void* data;
+};
+
+
+/* Don't export the private CPP symbols. */
+#undef UV_HANDLE_TYPE_PRIVATE
+#undef UV_REQ_TYPE_PRIVATE
+#undef UV_REQ_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+#undef UV_STREAM_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+#undef UV_TCP_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+#undef UV_PREPARE_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+#undef UV_CHECK_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+#undef UV_IDLE_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+#undef UV_ASYNC_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+#undef UV_TIMER_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+#undef UV_GETADDRINFO_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+#undef UV_FS_REQ_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+#undef UV_WORK_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+#undef UV_FS_EVENT_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+#undef UV_SIGNAL_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+#undef UV_LOOP_PRIVATE_FIELDS
+#undef UV_LOOP_PRIVATE_PLATFORM_FIELDS
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#endif /* UV_H */