fontisan 0.1.0 → 0.2.1

data/lib/fontisan/woff2/glyf_transformer.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,666 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "stringio"
+
+module Fontisan
+  module Woff2
+    # Reconstructs glyf and loca tables from WOFF2 transformed format
+    #
+    # WOFF2 glyf table transformation splits glyph data into separate streams
+    # for better compression. This transformer reconstructs the standard
+    # `glyf` and `loca` table formats from the transformed data.
+    #
+    # Transformation format (Section 5 of WOFF2 spec):
+    # - Separate streams for nContour, nPoints, flags, x-coords, y-coords
+    # - Variable-length integer encoding (255UInt16)
+    # - Composite glyph components stored separately
+    #
+    # See: https://www.w3.org/TR/WOFF2/#glyf_table_format
+    #
+    # @example Reconstructing tables
+    #   result = GlyfTransformer.reconstruct(transformed_data, num_glyphs)
+    #   glyf_data = result[:glyf]
+    #   loca_data = result[:loca]
+    class GlyfTransformer
+      # Glyph flags
+      ON_CURVE_POINT = 0x01
+      X_SHORT_VECTOR = 0x02
+      Y_SHORT_VECTOR = 0x04
+      REPEAT_FLAG = 0x08
+      X_IS_SAME_OR_POSITIVE_X_SHORT_VECTOR = 0x10
+      Y_IS_SAME_OR_POSITIVE_Y_SHORT_VECTOR = 0x20
+
+      # Composite glyph flags
+      ARG_1_AND_2_ARE_WORDS = 0x0001
+      ARGS_ARE_XY_VALUES = 0x0002
+      ROUND_XY_TO_GRID = 0x0004
+      WE_HAVE_A_SCALE = 0x0008
+      MORE_COMPONENTS = 0x0020
+      WE_HAVE_AN_X_AND_Y_SCALE = 0x0040
+      WE_HAVE_A_TWO_BY_TWO = 0x0080
+      WE_HAVE_INSTRUCTIONS = 0x0100
+      USE_MY_METRICS = 0x0200
+      OVERLAP_COMPOUND = 0x0400
+      HAVE_VARIATIONS = 0x1000  # Variable font variation data follows
+
+      # Reconstruct glyf and loca tables from transformed data
+      #
+      # @param transformed_data [String] The transformed glyf table data
+      # @param num_glyphs [Integer] Number of glyphs from maxp table
+      # @param variable_font [Boolean] Whether this is a variable font with variation data
+      # @return [Hash] { glyf: String, loca: String }
+      # @raise [InvalidFontError] If data is corrupted or invalid
+      def self.reconstruct(transformed_data, num_glyphs, variable_font: false)
+        io = StringIO.new(transformed_data)
+
+        # Check minimum size for header
+        if io.size < 8
+          raise InvalidFontError, "Transformed glyf data too small: #{io.size} bytes"
+        end
+
+        # Read header
+        read_uint32(io)
+        num_glyphs_in_data = read_uint16(io)
+        index_format = read_uint16(io)
+
+        if num_glyphs_in_data != num_glyphs
+          raise InvalidFontError,
+                "Glyph count mismatch: expected #{num_glyphs}, got #{num_glyphs_in_data}"
+        end
+
+        # Read nContour stream
+        n_contour_data = read_stream_safely(io, "nContour", variable_font: variable_font)
+
+        # Read nPoints stream
+        n_points_data = read_stream_safely(io, "nPoints", variable_font: variable_font)
+
+        # Read flag stream
+        flag_data = read_stream_safely(io, "flag", variable_font: variable_font)
+
+        # Read glyph stream (coordinates, instructions, composite data)
+        glyph_data = read_stream_safely(io, "glyph", variable_font: variable_font)
+
+        # Read composite stream
+        composite_data = read_stream_safely(io, "composite", variable_font: variable_font)
+
+        # Read bbox stream
+        bbox_data = read_stream_safely(io, "bbox", variable_font: variable_font)
+
+        # Read instruction stream
+        instruction_data = read_stream_safely(io, "instruction", variable_font: variable_font)
+
+        # Parse streams
+        n_contours = parse_n_contour_stream(StringIO.new(n_contour_data), num_glyphs)
+
+        # Reconstruct glyphs
+        glyphs = reconstruct_glyphs(
+          n_contours,
+          StringIO.new(n_points_data),
+          StringIO.new(flag_data),
+          StringIO.new(glyph_data),
+          StringIO.new(composite_data),
+          StringIO.new(bbox_data),
+          StringIO.new(instruction_data),
+          variable_font: variable_font
+        )
+
+        # Build glyf and loca tables
+        build_tables(glyphs, index_format)
+      end
+
+      # Safely read a stream with bounds checking
+      #
+      # @param io [StringIO] Input stream
+      # @param stream_name [String] Name of stream for error messages
+      # @param variable_font [Boolean] Whether this is a variable font (allows incomplete streams)
+      # @return [String] Stream data (empty if not available)
+      def self.read_stream_safely(io, stream_name, variable_font: false)
+        remaining = io.size - io.pos
+        if remaining < 4
+          # Not enough data for stream size - return empty stream
+          return ""
+        end
+
+        # Read stream size safely
+        size_bytes = io.read(4)
+        return "" unless size_bytes && size_bytes.bytesize == 4
+
+        stream_size = size_bytes.unpack1("N")
+        remaining = io.size - io.pos
+
+        if remaining < stream_size
+          # Stream size extends beyond available data
+          # Read what we can
+          available = io.read(remaining) || ""
+          # For variable fonts, we may have incomplete streams - just return what we have
+          available
+        else
+          io.read(stream_size) || ""
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Read variable-length 255UInt16 integer
+      #
+      # Format from WOFF2 spec:
+      # - value < 253: one byte
+      # - value == 253: 253 + next uint16
+      # - value == 254: 253 * 2 + next uint16
+      # - value == 255: 253 * 3 + next uint16
+      #
+      # @param io [StringIO] Input stream
+      # @return [Integer] Decoded value, or 0 if not enough data
+      def self.read_255_uint16(io)
+        return 0 if io.eof? || (io.size - io.pos) < 1
+
+        code_byte = io.read(1)
+        return 0 unless code_byte && code_byte.bytesize == 1
+
+        code = code_byte.unpack1("C")
+
+        case code
+        when 255
+          return 0 if io.eof? || (io.size - io.pos) < 2
+          value_bytes = io.read(2)
+          return 0 unless value_bytes && value_bytes.bytesize == 2
+          759 + value_bytes.unpack1("n")  # 253 * 3 + value
+        when 254
+          return 0 if io.eof? || (io.size - io.pos) < 2
+          value_bytes = io.read(2)
+          return 0 unless value_bytes && value_bytes.bytesize == 2
+          506 + value_bytes.unpack1("n")  # 253 * 2 + value
+        when 253
+          return 0 if io.eof? || (io.size - io.pos) < 2
+          value_bytes = io.read(2)
+          return 0 unless value_bytes && value_bytes.bytesize == 2
+          253 + value_bytes.unpack1("n")
+        else
+          code
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Parse nContour stream
+      #
+      # @param io [StringIO] Input stream
+      # @param num_glyphs [Integer] Number of glyphs
+      # @return [Array<Integer>] Number of contours per glyph (-1 for composite)
+      def self.parse_n_contour_stream(io, num_glyphs)
+        n_contours = []
+        num_glyphs.times do
+          # For variable fonts, stream may be incomplete
+          break if io.eof? || (io.size - io.pos) < 2
+
+          value = read_int16(io)
+          n_contours << value
+        end
+
+        # Pad with zeros if we have fewer contours than glyphs
+        while n_contours.size < num_glyphs
+          n_contours << 0
+        end
+
+        n_contours
+      end
+
+      # Reconstruct all glyphs
+      #
+      # @param n_contours [Array<Integer>] Contour counts
+      # @param n_points_io [StringIO] Points stream
+      # @param flag_io [StringIO] Flag stream
+      # @param glyph_io [StringIO] Glyph data stream
+      # @param composite_io [StringIO] Composite glyph stream
+      # @param bbox_io [StringIO] Bounding box stream
+      # @param instruction_io [StringIO] Instruction stream
+      # @param variable_font [Boolean] Whether this is a variable font
+      # @return [Array<String>] Reconstructed glyph data
+      def self.reconstruct_glyphs(n_contours, n_points_io, flag_io, glyph_io,
+                                   composite_io, bbox_io, instruction_io, variable_font: false)
+        glyphs = []
+
+        n_contours.each do |num_contours|
+          if num_contours.zero?
+            # Empty glyph
+            glyphs << ""
+          elsif num_contours.positive?
+            # Simple glyph
+            glyphs << reconstruct_simple_glyph(
+              num_contours, n_points_io, flag_io,
+              glyph_io, bbox_io, instruction_io
+            )
+          elsif num_contours == -1
+            # Composite glyph
+            glyphs << reconstruct_composite_glyph(
+              composite_io, bbox_io, instruction_io, variable_font: variable_font
+            )
+          else
+            raise InvalidFontError, "Invalid nContours value: #{num_contours}"
+          end
+        end
+
+        glyphs
+      end
+
+      # Reconstruct a simple glyph
+      #
+      # @param num_contours [Integer] Number of contours
+      # @param n_points_io [StringIO] Points stream
+      # @param flag_io [StringIO] Flag stream
+      # @param glyph_io [StringIO] Glyph data stream
+      # @param bbox_io [StringIO] Bounding box stream
+      # @param instruction_io [StringIO] Instruction stream
+      # @return [String] Glyph data in standard format
+      def self.reconstruct_simple_glyph(num_contours, n_points_io, flag_io,
+                                        glyph_io, bbox_io, instruction_io)
+        # Read end points of contours
+        end_pts_of_contours = []
+        num_contours.times do
+          if end_pts_of_contours.empty?
+            end_pts_of_contours << read_255_uint16(n_points_io)
+          else
+            delta = read_255_uint16(n_points_io)
+            end_pts_of_contours << end_pts_of_contours.last + delta + 1
+          end
+        end
+
+        total_points = end_pts_of_contours.last + 1
+
+        # Read flags
+        flags = read_flags(flag_io, total_points)
+
+        # Read coordinates
+        x_coordinates = read_coordinates(glyph_io, flags, X_SHORT_VECTOR,
+                                         X_IS_SAME_OR_POSITIVE_X_SHORT_VECTOR)
+        y_coordinates = read_coordinates(glyph_io, flags, Y_SHORT_VECTOR,
+                                         Y_IS_SAME_OR_POSITIVE_Y_SHORT_VECTOR)
+
+        # Read bounding box safely
+        bbox_remaining = bbox_io.size - bbox_io.pos
+        if bbox_remaining < 8
+          # Not enough data, use default bounding box
+          x_min = y_min = x_max = y_max = 0
+        else
+          bbox_bytes = bbox_io.read(8)
+          unless bbox_bytes && bbox_bytes.bytesize == 8
+            x_min = y_min = x_max = y_max = 0
+          else
+            x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max = bbox_bytes.unpack("n4")
+            # Convert to signed
+            x_min = x_min > 0x7FFF ? x_min - 0x10000 : x_min
+            y_min = y_min > 0x7FFF ? y_min - 0x10000 : y_min
+            x_max = x_max > 0x7FFF ? x_max - 0x10000 : x_max
+            y_max = y_max > 0x7FFF ? y_max - 0x10000 : y_max
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Read instructions safely
+        instruction_length = 0
+        instructions = ""
+
+        inst_remaining = instruction_io.size - instruction_io.pos
+        if inst_remaining >= 2
+          inst_length_data = read_255_uint16(instruction_io)
+          if inst_length_data
+            instruction_length = inst_length_data
+            if instruction_length.positive?
+              inst_remaining = instruction_io.size - instruction_io.pos
+              if inst_remaining >= instruction_length
+                instructions = instruction_io.read(instruction_length) || ""
+              else
+                # Read what we can
+                instructions = instruction_io.read(inst_remaining) || ""
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Build glyph data in standard format
+        build_simple_glyph_data(num_contours, x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max,
+                                end_pts_of_contours, instructions, flags,
+                                x_coordinates, y_coordinates)
+      end
+
+      # Reconstruct a composite glyph
+      #
+      # @param composite_io [StringIO] Composite stream
+      # @param bbox_io [StringIO] Bounding box stream
+      # @param instruction_io [StringIO] Instruction stream
+      # @param variable_font [Boolean] Whether this is a variable font
+      # @return [String] Glyph data in standard format
+      def self.reconstruct_composite_glyph(composite_io, bbox_io, instruction_io, variable_font: false)
+        # Track available bytes to prevent EOF errors
+        composite_size = composite_io.size - composite_io.pos
+
+        # Validate minimum size (at least flags + glyph_index + args)
+        return "" if composite_size < 8
+
+        # Read bounding box safely
+        bbox_remaining = bbox_io.size - bbox_io.pos
+        if bbox_remaining < 8
+          # Not enough data for bounding box, return empty glyph
+          return ""
+        end
+
+        bbox_bytes = bbox_io.read(8)
+        unless bbox_bytes && bbox_bytes.bytesize == 8
+          return ""
+        end
+
+        x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max = bbox_bytes.unpack("n4")
+        # Convert to signed
+        x_min = x_min > 0x7FFF ? x_min - 0x10000 : x_min
+        y_min = y_min > 0x7FFF ? y_min - 0x10000 : y_min
+        x_max = x_max > 0x7FFF ? x_max - 0x10000 : x_max
+        y_max = y_max > 0x7FFF ? y_max - 0x10000 : y_max
+
+        # Read composite data
+        composite_data = +""
+        has_instructions = false
+        has_variations = false
+
+        loop do
+          # Check if we have enough bytes for flags and glyph_index
+          remaining = composite_io.size - composite_io.pos
+          break if composite_io.eof? || remaining < 4
+
+          # Read flags and glyph_index safely
+          component_header = composite_io.read(4)
+          break unless component_header && component_header.bytesize == 4
+          flags, glyph_index = component_header.unpack("n2")
+
+          # Write flags and index
+          composite_data << [flags].pack("n")
+          composite_data << [glyph_index].pack("n")
+
+          # Read arguments (depend on flags)
+          if (flags & ARG_1_AND_2_ARE_WORDS).zero?
+            remaining = composite_io.size - composite_io.pos
+            break if composite_io.eof? || remaining < 2
+            arg_bytes = composite_io.read(2)
+            break unless arg_bytes && arg_bytes.bytesize == 2
+            arg1, arg2 = arg_bytes.unpack("c2")
+            composite_data << [arg1, arg2].pack("c2")
+          else
+            remaining = composite_io.size - composite_io.pos
+            break if composite_io.eof? || remaining < 4
+            arg_bytes = composite_io.read(4)
+            break unless arg_bytes && arg_bytes.bytesize == 4
+            arg1, arg2 = arg_bytes.unpack("n2")
+            # Convert to signed
+            arg1 = arg1 > 0x7FFF ? arg1 - 0x10000 : arg1
+            arg2 = arg2 > 0x7FFF ? arg2 - 0x10000 : arg2
+            composite_data << [arg1, arg2].pack("n2")
+          end
+
+          # Read transformation matrix (depends on flags) with bounds checking
+          if (flags & WE_HAVE_A_SCALE) != 0
+            remaining = composite_io.size - composite_io.pos
+            break if composite_io.eof? || remaining < 2
+            scale_bytes = composite_io.read(2)
+            break unless scale_bytes && scale_bytes.bytesize == 2
+            scale = scale_bytes.unpack1("n")
+            composite_data << [scale].pack("n")
+          elsif (flags & WE_HAVE_AN_X_AND_Y_SCALE) != 0
+            remaining = composite_io.size - composite_io.pos
+            break if composite_io.eof? || remaining < 4
+            scale_bytes = composite_io.read(4)
+            break unless scale_bytes && scale_bytes.bytesize == 4
+            x_scale, y_scale = scale_bytes.unpack("n2")
+            composite_data << [x_scale, y_scale].pack("n2")
+          elsif (flags & WE_HAVE_A_TWO_BY_TWO) != 0
+            remaining = composite_io.size - composite_io.pos
+            break if composite_io.eof? || remaining < 8
+            matrix_bytes = composite_io.read(8)
+            break unless matrix_bytes && matrix_bytes.bytesize == 8
+            x_scale, scale01, scale10, y_scale = matrix_bytes.unpack("n4")
+            composite_data << [x_scale, scale01, scale10, y_scale].pack("n4")
+          end
+
+          # Check for variable font variation data
+          # Only parse if this is a variable font and the flag is set
+          if variable_font && (flags & HAVE_VARIATIONS) != 0
+            has_variations = true
+            # Read tuple variation count and data
+            remaining = composite_io.size - composite_io.pos
+            if !composite_io.eof? && remaining >= 2
+              # Read tuple count safely
+              tuple_bytes = composite_io.read(2)
+              if tuple_bytes && tuple_bytes.bytesize == 2
+                tuple_count = tuple_bytes.unpack1("n")
+                composite_data << [tuple_count].pack("n")
+
+                # Each tuple has variation data - read and preserve it
+                tuple_count.times do
+                  remaining = composite_io.size - composite_io.pos
+                  break if composite_io.eof? || remaining < 4
+
+                  # Read variation data (2 int16 values per tuple)
+                  var_bytes = composite_io.read(4)
+                  break unless var_bytes && var_bytes.bytesize == 4
+
+                  var1, var2 = var_bytes.unpack("n2")
+                  # Convert to signed if needed
+                  var1 = var1 > 0x7FFF ? var1 - 0x10000 : var1
+                  var2 = var2 > 0x7FFF ? var2 - 0x10000 : var2
+                  composite_data << [var1, var2].pack("n2")
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          has_instructions = (flags & WE_HAVE_INSTRUCTIONS) != 0
+
+          break if (flags & MORE_COMPONENTS).zero?
+        end
+
+        # Add instructions if present
+        instructions = +""
+        if has_instructions
+          # Read instruction length safely
+          remaining = instruction_io.size - instruction_io.pos
+          if !instruction_io.eof? && remaining >= 2
+            length_bytes = instruction_io.read(2)
+            if length_bytes && length_bytes.bytesize == 2
+              instruction_length = length_bytes.unpack1("n")
+              if instruction_length.positive?
+                remaining = instruction_io.size - instruction_io.pos
+                if remaining >= instruction_length
+                  instructions = instruction_io.read(instruction_length) || ""
+                else
+                  # Read what we can
+                  instructions = instruction_io.read(remaining) || ""
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Build composite glyph data
+        data = +""
+        data << [-1].pack("n") # numberOfContours = -1
+        data << [x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max].pack("n4")
+        data << composite_data
+        data << [instructions.bytesize].pack("n") if has_instructions
+        data << instructions if has_instructions
+
+        data
+      end
+
+      # Read flags with repeat handling
+      #
+      # @param io [StringIO] Flag stream
+      # @param count [Integer] Number of flags to read
+      # @return [Array<Integer>] Flag values
+      def self.read_flags(io, count)
+        flags = []
+
+        while flags.size < count
+          # EOF protection for variable fonts
+          break if io.eof? || (io.size - io.pos) < 1
+
+          flag = read_uint8(io)
+          flags << flag
+
+          if (flag & REPEAT_FLAG) != 0
+            break if io.eof? || (io.size - io.pos) < 1
+            repeat_count = read_uint8(io)
+            repeat_count.times { flags << flag }
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Pad with zero flags if needed
+        while flags.size < count
+          flags << 0
+        end
+
+        flags
+      end
+
+      # Read coordinates
+      #
+      # @param io [StringIO] Glyph stream
+      # @param flags [Array<Integer>] Flag values
+      # @param short_flag [Integer] Flag bit for short vector
+      # @param same_or_positive_flag [Integer] Flag bit for same/positive
+      # @return [Array<Integer>] Coordinate values
+      def self.read_coordinates(io, flags, short_flag, same_or_positive_flag)
+        coords = []
+        value = 0
+
+        flags.each do |flag|
+          # EOF protection
+          if (flag & short_flag) != 0
+            break if io.eof? || (io.size - io.pos) < 1
+            # Short vector (one byte)
+            delta = read_uint8(io)
+            delta = -delta if (flag & same_or_positive_flag).zero?
+          elsif (flag & same_or_positive_flag) != 0
+            # Same as previous (delta = 0)
+            delta = 0
+          else
+            break if io.eof? || (io.size - io.pos) < 2
+            # Long vector (two bytes, signed)
+            delta = read_int16(io)
+          end
+
+          value += delta
+          coords << value
+        end
+
+        # Pad with last value if needed
+        last_val = coords.last || 0
+        while coords.size < flags.size
+          coords << last_val
+        end
+
+        coords
+      end
+
+      # Build simple glyph data in standard format
+      #
+      # @return [String] Glyph data
+      def self.build_simple_glyph_data(num_contours, x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max,
+                                       end_pts, instructions, flags, x_coords, y_coords)
+        data = +""
+        data << [num_contours].pack("n")
+        data << [x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max].pack("n4")
+
+        end_pts.each { |pt| data << [pt].pack("n") }
+
+        data << [instructions.bytesize].pack("n")
+        data << instructions
+
+        flags.each { |flag| data << [flag].pack("C") }
+
+        # Write x-coordinates
+        prev_x = 0
+        x_coords.each do |x|
+          delta = x - prev_x
+          prev_x = x
+
+          data << if delta.abs <= 255
+                    [delta.abs].pack("C")
+                  else
+                    [delta].pack("n")
+                  end
+        end
+
+        # Write y-coordinates
+        prev_y = 0
+        y_coords.each do |y|
+          delta = y - prev_y
+          prev_y = y
+
+          data << if delta.abs <= 255
+                    [delta.abs].pack("C")
+                  else
+                    [delta].pack("n")
+                  end
+        end
+
+        data
+      end
+
+      # Build glyf and loca tables
+      #
+      # @param glyphs [Array<String>] Glyph data
+      # @param index_format [Integer] Loca format (0 = short, 1 = long)
+      # @return [Hash] { glyf: String, loca: String }
+      def self.build_tables(glyphs, index_format)
+        glyf_data = +""
+        loca_offsets = [0]
+
+        glyphs.each do |glyph|
+          glyf_data << glyph
+
+          # Add padding to 4-byte boundary
+          padding = (4 - (glyph.bytesize % 4)) % 4
+          glyf_data << ("\x00" * padding)
+
+          loca_offsets << glyf_data.bytesize
+        end
+
+        # Build loca table
+        loca_data = +""
+        if index_format.zero?
+          # Short format (divide offsets by 2)
+          loca_offsets.each do |offset|
+            loca_data << [offset / 2].pack("n")
+          end
+        else
+          # Long format
+          loca_offsets.each do |offset|
+            loca_data << [offset].pack("N")
+          end
+        end
+
+        { glyf: glyf_data, loca: loca_data }
+      end
+
+      # Helper methods for reading binary data
+
+      def self.read_uint8(io)
+        io.read(1)&.unpack1("C") || raise(EOFError, "Unexpected end of stream")
+      end
+
+      def self.read_int8(io)
+        io.read(1)&.unpack1("c") || raise(EOFError, "Unexpected end of stream")
+      end
+
+      def self.read_uint16(io)
+        io.read(2)&.unpack1("n") || raise(EOFError, "Unexpected end of stream")
+      end
+
+      def self.read_int16(io)
+        value = read_uint16(io)
+        value > 0x7FFF ? value - 0x10000 : value
+      end
+
+      def self.read_uint32(io)
+        io.read(4)&.unpack1("N") || raise(EOFError, "Unexpected end of stream")
+      end
+
+      def self.read_f2dot14(io)
+        read_uint16(io)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end