ffi 1.9.18 → 1.9.23

data/lib/ffi/library.rb

@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ module FFI
       raise FFI::NotFoundError.new(cname, ffi_libraries) if address.nil? || address.null?
       if type.is_a?(Class) && type < FFI::Struct
         # If it is a global struct, just attach directly to the pointer
-        s = type.new(address)
+        s = s = type.new(address) # Assigning twice to suppress unused variable warning
         self.module_eval <<-code, __FILE__, __LINE__
           @@ffi_gvar_#{mname} = s
           def self.#{mname}
@@ -447,6 +447,28 @@ module FFI
       end
     end
 
+    private
+    # Generic enum builder
+    #  @param [Class] klass can be one of FFI::Enum or FFI::Bitmask
+    #  @param args (see #enum or #bitmask)
+    def generic_enum(klass, *args)
+      native_type = args.first.kind_of?(FFI::Type) ? args.shift : nil
+      name, values = if args[0].kind_of?(Symbol) && args[1].kind_of?(Array)
+        [ args[0], args[1] ]
+      elsif args[0].kind_of?(Array)
+        [ nil, args[0] ]
+      else
+        [ nil, args ]
+      end
+      @ffi_enums = FFI::Enums.new unless defined?(@ffi_enums)
+      @ffi_enums << (e = native_type ? klass.new(native_type, values, name) : klass.new(values, name))
+
+      # If called with a name, add a typedef alias
+      typedef(e, name) if name
+      e
+    end
+
+    public
     # @overload enum(name, values)
     #  Create a named enum.
     #  @example
@@ -485,20 +507,50 @@ module FFI
     # @return [FFI::Enum]
     # Create a new {FFI::Enum}.
     def enum(*args)
-      native_type = args.first.kind_of?(FFI::Type) ? args.shift : nil
-      name, values = if args[0].kind_of?(Symbol) && args[1].kind_of?(Array)
-        [ args[0], args[1] ]
-      elsif args[0].kind_of?(Array)
-        [ nil, args[0] ]
-      else
-        [ nil, args ]
-      end
-      @ffi_enums = FFI::Enums.new unless defined?(@ffi_enums)
-      @ffi_enums << (e = native_type ? FFI::Enum.new(native_type, values, name) : FFI::Enum.new(values, name))
+      generic_enum(FFI::Enum, *args)
+    end
 
-      # If called as enum :foo, [ :zero, :one, :two ], add a typedef alias
-      typedef(e, name) if name
-      e
+    # @overload bitmask(name, values)
+    #  Create a named bitmask
+    #  @example
+    #   bitmask :foo, [:red, :green, :blue] # bits 0,1,2 are used
+    #   bitmask :foo, [:red, :green, 5, :blue] # bits 0,5,6 are used
+    #  @param [Symbol] name for new bitmask
+    #  @param [Array<Symbol, Integer>] values for new bitmask
+    # @overload bitmask(*args)
+    #  Create an unamed bitmask
+    #  @example
+    #   bm = bitmask :red, :green, :blue # bits 0,1,2 are used
+    #   bm = bitmask :red, :green, 5, blue # bits 0,5,6 are used
+    #  @param [Symbol, Integer] args values for new bitmask
+    # @overload bitmask(values)
+    #  Create an unamed bitmask
+    #  @example
+    #   bm = bitmask [:red, :green, :blue] # bits 0,1,2 are used
+    #   bm = bitmask [:red, :green, 5, blue] # bits 0,5,6 are used
+    #  @param [Array<Symbol, Integer>] values for new bitmask
+    # @overload bitmask(native_type, name, values)
+    #  Create a named enum and specify the native type.
+    #  @example
+    #   bitmask FFI::Type::UINT64, :foo, [:red, :green, :blue]
+    #  @param [FFI::Type] native_type native type for new bitmask
+    #  @param [Symbol] name for new bitmask
+    #  @param [Array<Symbol, Integer>] values for new bitmask
+    # @overload bitmask(native_type, *args)
+    #  @example
+    #   bitmask FFI::Type::UINT64, :red, :green, :blue
+    #  @param [FFI::Type] native_type native type for new bitmask
+    #  @param [Symbol, Integer] args values for new bitmask
+    # @overload bitmask(native_type, values)
+    #  Create a named enum and specify the native type.
+    #  @example
+    #   bitmask FFI::Type::UINT64, [:red, :green, :blue]
+    #  @param [FFI::Type] native_type native type for new bitmask
+    #  @param [Array<Symbol, Integer>] values for new bitmask
+    # @return [FFI::Bitmask]
+    # Create a new FFI::Bitmask
+    def bitmask(*args)
+      generic_enum(FFI::Bitmask, *args)
     end
 
     # @param name

data/lib/ffi/platform/sparc64-linux/types.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+rbx.platform.typedef.__u_char = uchar
+rbx.platform.typedef.__u_short = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef.__u_int = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.__u_long = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.__int8_t = char
+rbx.platform.typedef.__uint8_t = uchar
+rbx.platform.typedef.__int16_t = short
+rbx.platform.typedef.__uint16_t = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef.__int32_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.__uint32_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.__int64_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__uint64_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.__quad_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__u_quad_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.__dev_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.__uid_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.__gid_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.__ino_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.__ino64_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.__mode_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.__nlink_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.__off_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__off64_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__pid_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.__clock_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__rlim_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.__rlim64_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.__id_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.__time_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__useconds_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.__suseconds_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.__daddr_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.__swblk_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__key_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.__clockid_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.__timer_t = pointer
+rbx.platform.typedef.__blksize_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__blkcnt_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__blkcnt64_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__fsblkcnt_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.__fsblkcnt64_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.__fsfilcnt_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.__fsfilcnt64_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.__ssize_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__loff_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.*__qaddr_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.*__caddr_t = char
+rbx.platform.typedef.__intptr_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__socklen_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.u_char = uchar
+rbx.platform.typedef.u_short = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef.u_int = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.u_long = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.quad_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.u_quad_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.loff_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.ino_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.dev_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.gid_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.mode_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.nlink_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.uid_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.off_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.pid_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.id_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.ssize_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.daddr_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.key_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.clock_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.time_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.clockid_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.timer_t = pointer
+rbx.platform.typedef.size_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.ulong = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.ushort = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef.uint = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.int8_t = char
+rbx.platform.typedef.int16_t = short
+rbx.platform.typedef.int32_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.int64_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.u_int8_t = uchar
+rbx.platform.typedef.u_int16_t = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef.u_int32_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.u_int64_t = ulong_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.register_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__sig_atomic_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.suseconds_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.__fd_mask = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.fd_mask = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.blksize_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.blkcnt_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.fsblkcnt_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.fsfilcnt_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.pthread_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.pthread_key_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.pthread_once_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.socklen_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.sa_family_t = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef.rlim_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.__rlimit_resource_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.__rusage_who_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.__priority_which_t = int

data/lib/ffi/platform/x86_64-windows/types.conf

@@ -1,27 +1,120 @@
-rbx.platform.typedef.size_t = ulong_long
-rbx.platform.typedef.ssize_t = long_long
-rbx.platform.typedef.intptr_t = long_long
-rbx.platform.typedef.uintptr_t = ulong_long
-rbx.platform.typedef.ptrdiff_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__int8_t = char
+rbx.platform.typedef.__uint8_t = uchar
+rbx.platform.typedef.__int16_t = short
+rbx.platform.typedef.__uint16_t = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef.__int_least16_t = short
+rbx.platform.typedef.__uint_least16_t = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef.__int32_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.__uint32_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.__int_least32_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.__uint_least32_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.__int64_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__uint64_t = ulong_long
+rbx.platform.typedef._off_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__dev_t = short
+rbx.platform.typedef.__uid_t = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef.__gid_t = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef._off64_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.fpos_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef._fpos_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef._fpos64_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef._ssize_t = long_long
 rbx.platform.typedef.wchar_t = ushort
-rbx.platform.typedef.wint_t = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef.wint_t = uint
 rbx.platform.typedef.wctype_t = ushort
-rbx.platform.typedef.errno_t = int
-rbx.platform.typedef.__time32_t = long
-rbx.platform.typedef.__time64_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.ptrdiff_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.size_t = ulong_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__off_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__pid_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.__loff_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.u_char = uchar
+rbx.platform.typedef.u_short = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef.u_int = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.u_long = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.ushort = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef.uint = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.ulong = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.clock_t = ulong
 rbx.platform.typedef.time_t = long_long
-rbx.platform.typedef._ino_t = ushort
-rbx.platform.typedef.ino_t = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef.daddr_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.caddr_t = string
+rbx.platform.typedef.pid_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.ssize_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.nlink_t = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef.fd_mask = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.clockid_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.timer_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.useconds_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.suseconds_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.int8_t = char
+rbx.platform.typedef.int16_t = short
+rbx.platform.typedef.int32_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.int64_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.uint8_t = uchar
+rbx.platform.typedef.uint16_t = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef.uint32_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.uint64_t = ulong_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.int_least8_t = char
+rbx.platform.typedef.int_least16_t = short
+rbx.platform.typedef.int_least32_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.int_least64_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.uint_least8_t = uchar
+rbx.platform.typedef.uint_least16_t = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef.uint_least32_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.uint_least64_t = ulong_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.int_fast8_t = char
+rbx.platform.typedef.int_fast16_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.int_fast32_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.int_fast64_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.uint_fast8_t = uchar
+rbx.platform.typedef.uint_fast16_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.uint_fast32_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.uint_fast64_t = ulong_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.intptr_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.uintptr_t = ulong_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.intmax_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.uintmax_t = ulong_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.off_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.loff_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__dev16_t = short
+rbx.platform.typedef.__dev32_t = ulong
 rbx.platform.typedef._dev_t = uint
 rbx.platform.typedef.dev_t = uint
-rbx.platform.typedef._pid_t = long_long
-rbx.platform.typedef.pid_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.blksize_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__blkcnt32_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__blkcnt64_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.blkcnt_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.fsblkcnt_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.fsfilcnt_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.__uid16_t = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef.__uid32_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.uid_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.__gid16_t = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef.__gid32_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.gid_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.__ino32_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.__ino64_t = ulong_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.ino_t = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef._ino_t = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef.id_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.key_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.vm_offset_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.vm_size_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.u_int8_t = uchar
+rbx.platform.typedef.u_int16_t = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef.u_int32_t = uint
+rbx.platform.typedef.u_int64_t = ulong_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.register_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.*addr_t = char
+rbx.platform.typedef.socklen_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.sa_family_t = ushort
+rbx.platform.typedef.__ULong = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.sigset_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef.sig_atomic_t = int
+rbx.platform.typedef.rlim_t = ulong
+rbx.platform.typedef._sigset_t = ulong_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__time32_t = long
+rbx.platform.typedef.__time64_t = long_long
+rbx.platform.typedef.errno_t = int
 rbx.platform.typedef._mode_t = ushort
 rbx.platform.typedef.mode_t = ushort
-rbx.platform.typedef._off_t = long
-rbx.platform.typedef.off32_t = long
-rbx.platform.typedef._off64_t = long_long
-rbx.platform.typedef.off64_t = long_long
-rbx.platform.typedef.off_t = long_long
-rbx.platform.typedef.useconds_t = uint
-rbx.platform.typedef._sigset_t = ulong_long

data/lib/ffi/platform.rb

@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ module FFI
       "powerpc64"
     when /ppc|powerpc/
       "powerpc"
+    when /sparcv9|sparc64/
+      "sparcv9"
     else
       case RbConfig::CONFIG['host_cpu']
       when /^arm/
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@ module FFI
     public
 
     LIBPREFIX = case OS
-    when /windows/
+    when /windows|msys/
       ''
     when /cygwin/
       'cyg'
@@ -108,7 +110,7 @@ module FFI
       'dylib'
     when /linux|bsd|solaris/
       'so'
-    when /windows|cygwin/
+    when /windows|cygwin|msys/
       'dll'
     else
       # Punt and just assume a sane unix (i.e. anything but AIX)
@@ -121,6 +123,9 @@ module FFI
       GNU_LIBC
     elsif OS == 'cygwin'
       "cygwin1.dll"
+    elsif OS == 'msys'
+      # Not sure how msys 1.0 behaves, tested on MSYS2.
+      "msys-2.0.dll"
     else
       "#{LIBPREFIX}c.#{LIBSUFFIX}"
     end

data/lib/ffi/pointer.rb

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ module FFI
     # equivalent string if +len+ is not +nil+.
     def read_string(len=nil)
       if len
+        return '' if len == 0
         get_bytes(0, len)
       else
         get_string(0)

data/lib/ffi/struct.rb

@@ -338,10 +338,8 @@ module FFI
       # @param [StructLayoutBuilder] builder
       # @param [Hash] spec
       # @return [builder]
-      # @raise if Ruby 1.8
       # Add hash +spec+ to +builder+.
       def hash_layout(builder, spec)
-        raise "Ruby version not supported" if RUBY_VERSION =~ /^1\.8\..*/
         spec[0].each do |name, type|
           builder.add name, find_field_type(type), nil
         end

data/lib/ffi/version.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 module FFI
-  VERSION = '1.9.18'
+  VERSION = '1.9.23'
 end
-

data/samples/getlogin.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'ffi'
+module Foo
+  extend FFI::Library
+  ffi_lib FFI::Library::LIBC
+  attach_function :getlogin, [ ], :string
+end
+puts "getlogin=#{Foo.getlogin}"

data/samples/getpid.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'ffi'
+module Foo
+  extend FFI::Library
+  ffi_lib FFI::Library::LIBC
+  attach_function :getpid, [ ], :int
+end
+puts "My pid=#{Foo.getpid}"

data/samples/gettimeofday.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'ffi'
+class Timeval < FFI::Struct
+  rb_maj, rb_min, rb_micro = RUBY_VERSION.split('.')
+  if rb_maj.to_i >= 1 && rb_min.to_i >= 9 || RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /java/
+    layout :tv_sec => :ulong, :tv_usec => :ulong
+  else
+    layout :tv_sec, :ulong, 0, :tv_usec, :ulong, 4
+  end
+end
+module LibC
+  extend FFI::Library
+  ffi_lib FFI::Library::LIBC
+  attach_function :gettimeofday, [ :pointer, :pointer ], :int
+end
+t = Timeval.new
+LibC.gettimeofday(t.pointer, nil)
+puts "t.tv_sec=#{t[:tv_sec]} t.tv_usec=#{t[:tv_usec]}"

data/samples/hello.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+require File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), "sample_helper"))
+module Foo
+  extend FFI::Library
+  ffi_lib FFI::Library::LIBC
+  attach_function("cputs", "puts", [ :string ], :int)
+end
+Foo.cputs("Hello, World via libc puts using FFI on MRI ruby")

data/samples/inotify.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'ffi'
+module Inotify
+  extend FFI::Library
+  ffi_lib FFI::Library::LIBC
+  class Event < FFI::Struct
+    layout \
+      :wd, :int,
+      :mask, :uint,
+      :cookie, :uint,
+      :len, :uint
+  end
+  attach_function :init, :inotify_init, [ ], :int
+  attach_function :add_watch, :inotify_add_watch, [ :int, :string, :uint ], :int
+  attach_function :rm_watch, :inotify_rm_watch, [ :int, :uint ], :int
+  attach_function :read, [ :int, :buffer_out, :uint ], :int
+  IN_ACCESS=0x00000001
+  IN_MODIFY=0x00000002
+  IN_ATTRIB=0x00000004
+  IN_CLOSE_WRITE=0x00000008
+  IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE=0x00000010
+  IN_CLOSE=(IN_CLOSE_WRITE | IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE)
+  IN_OPEN=0x00000020
+  IN_MOVED_FROM=0x00000040
+  IN_MOVED_TO=0x00000080
+  IN_MOVE= (IN_MOVED_FROM | IN_MOVED_TO)
+  IN_CREATE=0x00000100
+  IN_DELETE=0x00000200
+  IN_DELETE_SELF=0x00000400
+  IN_MOVE_SELF=0x00000800
+  # Events sent by the kernel.
+  IN_UNMOUNT=0x00002000
+  IN_Q_OVERFLOW=0x00004000
+  IN_IGNORED=0x00008000
+  IN_ONLYDIR=0x01000000
+  IN_DONT_FOLLOW=0x02000000
+  IN_MASK_ADD=0x20000000
+  IN_ISDIR=0x40000000
+  IN_ONESHOT=0x80000000
+  IN_ALL_EVENTS=(IN_ACCESS | IN_MODIFY | IN_ATTRIB | IN_CLOSE_WRITE \
+                          | IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE | IN_OPEN | IN_MOVED_FROM \
+                          | IN_MOVED_TO | IN_CREATE | IN_DELETE \
+                          | IN_DELETE_SELF | IN_MOVE_SELF)
+
+end
+if $0 == __FILE__
+  fd = Inotify.init
+  puts "fd=#{fd}"
+  wd = Inotify.add_watch(fd, "/tmp/", Inotify::IN_ALL_EVENTS)
+  fp = FFI::IO.for_fd(fd)
+  puts "wfp=#{fp}"
+  while true
+    buf = FFI::Buffer.alloc_out(Inotify::Event.size + 4096, 1, false)
+    ev = Inotify::Event.new buf
+    ready = IO.select([ fp ], nil, nil, nil)
+    n = Inotify.read(fd, buf, buf.total)
+    puts "Read #{n} bytes from inotify fd"
+    puts "event.wd=#{ev[:wd]} mask=#{ev[:mask]} len=#{ev[:len]} name=#{ev[:len] > 0 ? buf.get_string(16) : 'unknown'}"
+  end
+end

data/samples/pty.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+require 'ffi'
+
+
+module PTY
+  private
+  module LibC
+    extend FFI::Library
+    ffi_lib FFI::Library::LIBC
+    attach_function :forkpty, [ :buffer_out, :buffer_out, :buffer_in, :buffer_in ], :int
+    attach_function :openpty, [ :buffer_out, :buffer_out, :buffer_out, :buffer_in, :buffer_in ], :int
+    attach_function :login_tty, [ :int ], :int
+    attach_function :close, [ :int ], :int
+    attach_function :strerror, [ :int ], :string
+    attach_function :fork, [], :int
+    attach_function :execv, [ :string, :buffer_in ], :int
+    attach_function :execvp, [ :string, :buffer_in ], :int
+    attach_function :dup2, [ :int, :int ], :int
+    attach_function :dup, [ :int ], :int
+  end
+  Buffer = FFI::Buffer
+  def self.build_args(args)
+    cmd = args.shift
+    cmd_args = args.map do |arg|
+      MemoryPointer.from_string(arg)
+    end
+    exec_args = MemoryPointer.new(:pointer, 1 + cmd_args.length + 1)
+    exec_cmd = MemoryPointer.from_string(cmd)
+    exec_args[0].put_pointer(0, exec_cmd)
+    cmd_args.each_with_index do |arg, i|
+      exec_args[i + 1].put_pointer(0, arg)
+    end
+    [ cmd, exec_args ]
+  end
+  public
+  def self.getpty(*args)
+    mfdp = Buffer.new :int
+    name = Buffer.new 1024
+    #
+    # All the execv setup is done in the parent, since doing anything other than
+    # execv in the child after fork is really flakey
+    #
+    exec_cmd, exec_args = build_args(args)
+    pid = LibC.forkpty(mfdp, name, nil, nil)
+    raise "forkpty failed: #{LibC.strerror(FFI.errno)}" if pid < 0    
+    if pid == 0
+      LibC.execvp(exec_cmd, exec_args)
+      exit 1
+    end
+    masterfd = mfdp.get_int(0)
+    rfp = FFI::IO.for_fd(masterfd, "r")
+    wfp = FFI::IO.for_fd(LibC.dup(masterfd), "w")
+    if block_given?
+      yield rfp, wfp, pid
+      rfp.close unless rfp.closed?
+      wfp.close unless wfp.closed?
+    else
+      [ rfp, wfp, pid ]
+    end
+  end
+  def self.spawn(*args, &block)
+    self.getpty("/bin/sh", "-c", args[0], &block)
+  end
+end
+module LibC
+  extend FFI::Library
+  attach_function :close, [ :int ], :int
+  attach_function :write, [ :int, :buffer_in, :ulong ], :long
+  attach_function :read, [ :int, :buffer_out, :ulong ], :long
+end
+PTY.getpty("/bin/ls", "-alR", "/") { |rfd, wfd, pid|
+#PTY.spawn("ls -laR /") { |rfd, wfd, pid|
+  puts "child pid=#{pid}"
+  while !rfd.eof? && (buf = rfd.gets)
+    puts "child: '#{buf.strip}'"
+  end
+}

data/samples/qsort.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'ffi'
+
+module LibC
+  extend FFI::Library
+  ffi_lib FFI::Library::LIBC
+  callback :qsort_cmp, [ :pointer, :pointer ], :int
+  attach_function :qsort, [ :pointer, :ulong, :ulong, :qsort_cmp ], :int
+end
+
+p = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:int, 2)
+p.put_array_of_int32(0, [ 2, 1 ])
+puts "ptr=#{p.inspect}"
+puts "Before qsort #{p.get_array_of_int32(0, 2).join(', ')}"
+LibC.qsort(p, 2, 4) do |p1, p2|
+  i1 = p1.get_int32(0)
+  i2 = p2.get_int32(0)
+  puts "In block: comparing #{i1} and #{i2}"
+  i1 < i2 ? -1 : i1 > i2 ? 1 : 0
+end
+puts "After qsort #{p.get_array_of_int32(0, 2).join(', ')}"

data/samples/sample_helper.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'spec'
+
+$:.unshift File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), "..", "lib"), File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), "..", "build", RUBY_VERSION) unless RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /java/
+require "ffi"
+