faiss 0.5.2 → 0.6.0

data/vendor/faiss/faiss/utils/simd_impl/distances_avx512.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,1092 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+#include <faiss/utils/distances.h>
+
+#include <immintrin.h>
+
+#define AUTOVEC_LEVEL SIMDLevel::AVX512
+#include <faiss/utils/simd_impl/distances_autovec-inl.h>
+#include <faiss/utils/simd_impl/distances_sse-inl.h>
+#include <faiss/utils/transpose/transpose-avx512-inl.h>
+
+namespace faiss {
+
+template <>
+void fvec_madd<SIMDLevel::AVX512>(
+        const size_t n,
+        const float* __restrict a,
+        const float bf,
+        const float* __restrict b,
+        float* __restrict c) {
+    const size_t n16 = n / 16;
+    const size_t n_for_masking = n % 16;
+
+    const __m512 bfmm = _mm512_set1_ps(bf);
+
+    size_t idx = 0;
+    for (idx = 0; idx < n16 * 16; idx += 16) {
+        const __m512 ax = _mm512_loadu_ps(a + idx);
+        const __m512 bx = _mm512_loadu_ps(b + idx);
+        const __m512 abmul = _mm512_fmadd_ps(bfmm, bx, ax);
+        _mm512_storeu_ps(c + idx, abmul);
+    }
+
+    if (n_for_masking > 0) {
+        const __mmask16 mask = (1 << n_for_masking) - 1;
+
+        const __m512 ax = _mm512_maskz_loadu_ps(mask, a + idx);
+        const __m512 bx = _mm512_maskz_loadu_ps(mask, b + idx);
+        const __m512 abmul = _mm512_fmadd_ps(bfmm, bx, ax);
+        _mm512_mask_storeu_ps(c + idx, mask, abmul);
+    }
+}
+
+template <size_t DIM>
+void fvec_L2sqr_ny_y_transposed_D(
+        float* distances,
+        const float* x,
+        const float* y,
+        const float* y_sqlen,
+        const size_t d_offset,
+        size_t ny) {
+    // current index being processed
+    size_t i = 0;
+
+    // squared length of x
+    float x_sqlen = 0;
+    for (size_t j = 0; j < DIM; j++) {
+        x_sqlen += x[j] * x[j];
+    }
+
+    // process 16 vectors per loop
+    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
+
+    if (ny16 > 0) {
+        // m[i] = (2 * x[i], ... 2 * x[i])
+        __m512 m[DIM];
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < DIM; j++) {
+            m[j] = _mm512_set1_ps(x[j]);
+            m[j] = _mm512_add_ps(m[j], m[j]); // m[j] = 2 * x[j]
+        }
+
+        __m512 x_sqlen_ymm = _mm512_set1_ps(x_sqlen);
+
+        for (; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
+            // Load vectors for 16 dimensions
+            __m512 v[DIM];
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < DIM; j++) {
+                v[j] = _mm512_loadu_ps(y + j * d_offset);
+            }
+
+            // Compute dot products
+            __m512 dp = _mm512_fnmadd_ps(m[0], v[0], x_sqlen_ymm);
+            for (size_t j = 1; j < DIM; j++) {
+                dp = _mm512_fnmadd_ps(m[j], v[j], dp);
+            }
+
+            // Compute y^2 - (2 * x, y) + x^2
+            __m512 distances_v = _mm512_add_ps(_mm512_loadu_ps(y_sqlen), dp);
+
+            _mm512_storeu_ps(distances + i, distances_v);
+
+            // Scroll y and y_sqlen forward
+            y += 16;
+            y_sqlen += 16;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (i < ny) {
+        // Process leftovers
+        for (; i < ny; i++) {
+            float dp = 0;
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < DIM; j++) {
+                dp += x[j] * y[j * d_offset];
+            }
+
+            // Compute y^2 - 2 * (x, y), which is sufficient for looking for the
+            // lowest distance.
+            const float distance = y_sqlen[0] - 2 * dp + x_sqlen;
+            distances[i] = distance;
+
+            y += 1;
+            y_sqlen += 1;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template <>
+void fvec_L2sqr_ny_transposed<SIMDLevel::AVX512>(
+        float* dis,
+        const float* x,
+        const float* y,
+        const float* y_sqlen,
+        size_t d,
+        size_t d_offset,
+        size_t ny) {
+    // optimized for a few special cases
+#define DISPATCH(dval)                             \
+    case dval:                                     \
+        return fvec_L2sqr_ny_y_transposed_D<dval>( \
+                dis, x, y, y_sqlen, d_offset, ny);
+
+    switch (d) {
+        DISPATCH(1)
+        DISPATCH(2)
+        DISPATCH(4)
+        DISPATCH(8)
+        default:
+            return fvec_L2sqr_ny_transposed<SIMDLevel::NONE>(
+                    dis, x, y, y_sqlen, d, d_offset, ny);
+    }
+#undef DISPATCH
+}
+
+struct AVX512ElementOpIP : public ElementOpIP {
+    using ElementOpIP::op;
+    static __m512 op(__m512 x, __m512 y) {
+        return _mm512_mul_ps(x, y);
+    }
+    static __m256 op(__m256 x, __m256 y) {
+        return _mm256_mul_ps(x, y);
+    }
+};
+
+struct AVX512ElementOpL2 : public ElementOpL2 {
+    using ElementOpL2::op;
+    static __m512 op(__m512 x, __m512 y) {
+        __m512 tmp = _mm512_sub_ps(x, y);
+        return _mm512_mul_ps(tmp, tmp);
+    }
+    static __m256 op(__m256 x, __m256 y) {
+        __m256 tmp = _mm256_sub_ps(x, y);
+        return _mm256_mul_ps(tmp, tmp);
+    }
+};
+
+/// helper function for AVX512
+inline float horizontal_sum(const __m512 v) {
+    // performs better than adding the high and low parts
+    return _mm512_reduce_add_ps(v);
+}
+
+inline float horizontal_sum(const __m256 v) {
+    // add high and low parts
+    const __m128 v0 =
+            _mm_add_ps(_mm256_castps256_ps128(v), _mm256_extractf128_ps(v, 1));
+    // perform horizontal sum on v0
+    return horizontal_sum(v0);
+}
+
+template <>
+void fvec_op_ny_D2<AVX512ElementOpIP>(
+        float* dis,
+        const float* x,
+        const float* y,
+        size_t ny) {
+    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
+    size_t i = 0;
+
+    if (ny16 > 0) {
+        // process 16 D2-vectors per loop.
+        _mm_prefetch((const char*)y, _MM_HINT_T0);
+        _mm_prefetch((const char*)(y + 32), _MM_HINT_T0);
+
+        const __m512 m0 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[0]);
+        const __m512 m1 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[1]);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
+            _mm_prefetch((const char*)(y + 64), _MM_HINT_T0);
+
+            // load 16x2 matrix and transpose it in registers.
+            // the typical bottleneck is memory access, so
+            // let's trade instructions for the bandwidth.
+
+            __m512 v0;
+            __m512 v1;
+
+            transpose_16x2(
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 16),
+                    v0,
+                    v1);
+
+            // compute distances (dot product)
+            __m512 distances = _mm512_mul_ps(m0, v0);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m1, v1, distances);
+
+            // store
+            _mm512_storeu_ps(dis + i, distances);
+
+            y += 32; // move to the next set of 16x2 elements
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (i < ny) {
+        // process leftovers
+        float x0 = x[0];
+        float x1 = x[1];
+
+        for (; i < ny; i++) {
+            float distance = x0 * y[0] + x1 * y[1];
+            y += 2;
+            dis[i] = distance;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template <>
+void fvec_op_ny_D2<AVX512ElementOpL2>(
+        float* dis,
+        const float* x,
+        const float* y,
+        size_t ny) {
+    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
+    size_t i = 0;
+
+    if (ny16 > 0) {
+        // process 16 D2-vectors per loop.
+        _mm_prefetch((const char*)y, _MM_HINT_T0);
+        _mm_prefetch((const char*)(y + 32), _MM_HINT_T0);
+
+        const __m512 m0 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[0]);
+        const __m512 m1 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[1]);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
+            _mm_prefetch((const char*)(y + 64), _MM_HINT_T0);
+
+            // load 16x2 matrix and transpose it in registers.
+            // the typical bottleneck is memory access, so
+            // let's trade instructions for the bandwidth.
+
+            __m512 v0;
+            __m512 v1;
+
+            transpose_16x2(
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 16),
+                    v0,
+                    v1);
+
+            // compute differences
+            const __m512 d0 = _mm512_sub_ps(m0, v0);
+            const __m512 d1 = _mm512_sub_ps(m1, v1);
+
+            // compute squares of differences
+            __m512 distances = _mm512_mul_ps(d0, d0);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d1, d1, distances);
+
+            // store
+            _mm512_storeu_ps(dis + i, distances);
+
+            y += 32; // move to the next set of 16x2 elements
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (i < ny) {
+        // process leftovers
+        float x0 = x[0];
+        float x1 = x[1];
+
+        for (; i < ny; i++) {
+            float sub0 = x0 - y[0];
+            float sub1 = x1 - y[1];
+            float distance = sub0 * sub0 + sub1 * sub1;
+
+            y += 2;
+            dis[i] = distance;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template <>
+void fvec_op_ny_D4<AVX512ElementOpIP>(
+        float* dis,
+        const float* x,
+        const float* y,
+        size_t ny) {
+    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
+    size_t i = 0;
+
+    if (ny16 > 0) {
+        // process 16 D4-vectors per loop.
+        const __m512 m0 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[0]);
+        const __m512 m1 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[1]);
+        const __m512 m2 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[2]);
+        const __m512 m3 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[3]);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
+            // load 16x4 matrix and transpose it in registers.
+            // the typical bottleneck is memory access, so
+            // let's trade instructions for the bandwidth.
+
+            __m512 v0;
+            __m512 v1;
+            __m512 v2;
+            __m512 v3;
+
+            transpose_16x4(
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 2 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 3 * 16),
+                    v0,
+                    v1,
+                    v2,
+                    v3);
+
+            // compute distances
+            __m512 distances = _mm512_mul_ps(m0, v0);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m1, v1, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m2, v2, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m3, v3, distances);
+
+            // store
+            _mm512_storeu_ps(dis + i, distances);
+
+            y += 64; // move to the next set of 16x4 elements
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (i < ny) {
+        // process leftovers
+        __m128 x0 = _mm_loadu_ps(x);
+
+        for (; i < ny; i++) {
+            __m128 accu = AVX512ElementOpIP::op(x0, _mm_loadu_ps(y));
+            y += 4;
+            dis[i] = horizontal_sum(accu);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template <>
+void fvec_op_ny_D4<AVX512ElementOpL2>(
+        float* dis,
+        const float* x,
+        const float* y,
+        size_t ny) {
+    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
+    size_t i = 0;
+
+    if (ny16 > 0) {
+        // process 16 D4-vectors per loop.
+        const __m512 m0 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[0]);
+        const __m512 m1 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[1]);
+        const __m512 m2 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[2]);
+        const __m512 m3 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[3]);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
+            // load 16x4 matrix and transpose it in registers.
+            // the typical bottleneck is memory access, so
+            // let's trade instructions for the bandwidth.
+
+            __m512 v0;
+            __m512 v1;
+            __m512 v2;
+            __m512 v3;
+
+            transpose_16x4(
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 2 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 3 * 16),
+                    v0,
+                    v1,
+                    v2,
+                    v3);
+
+            // compute differences
+            const __m512 d0 = _mm512_sub_ps(m0, v0);
+            const __m512 d1 = _mm512_sub_ps(m1, v1);
+            const __m512 d2 = _mm512_sub_ps(m2, v2);
+            const __m512 d3 = _mm512_sub_ps(m3, v3);
+
+            // compute squares of differences
+            __m512 distances = _mm512_mul_ps(d0, d0);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d1, d1, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d2, d2, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d3, d3, distances);
+
+            // store
+            _mm512_storeu_ps(dis + i, distances);
+
+            y += 64; // move to the next set of 16x4 elements
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (i < ny) {
+        // process leftovers
+        __m128 x0 = _mm_loadu_ps(x);
+
+        for (; i < ny; i++) {
+            __m128 accu = AVX512ElementOpL2::op(x0, _mm_loadu_ps(y));
+            y += 4;
+            dis[i] = horizontal_sum(accu);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template <>
+void fvec_op_ny_D8<AVX512ElementOpIP>(
+        float* dis,
+        const float* x,
+        const float* y,
+        size_t ny) {
+    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
+    size_t i = 0;
+
+    if (ny16 > 0) {
+        // process 16 D16-vectors per loop.
+        const __m512 m0 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[0]);
+        const __m512 m1 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[1]);
+        const __m512 m2 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[2]);
+        const __m512 m3 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[3]);
+        const __m512 m4 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[4]);
+        const __m512 m5 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[5]);
+        const __m512 m6 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[6]);
+        const __m512 m7 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[7]);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
+            // load 16x8 matrix and transpose it in registers.
+            // the typical bottleneck is memory access, so
+            // let's trade instructions for the bandwidth.
+
+            __m512 v0;
+            __m512 v1;
+            __m512 v2;
+            __m512 v3;
+            __m512 v4;
+            __m512 v5;
+            __m512 v6;
+            __m512 v7;
+
+            transpose_16x8(
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 2 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 3 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 4 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 5 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 6 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 7 * 16),
+                    v0,
+                    v1,
+                    v2,
+                    v3,
+                    v4,
+                    v5,
+                    v6,
+                    v7);
+
+            // compute distances
+            __m512 distances = _mm512_mul_ps(m0, v0);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m1, v1, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m2, v2, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m3, v3, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m4, v4, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m5, v5, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m6, v6, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m7, v7, distances);
+
+            // store
+            _mm512_storeu_ps(dis + i, distances);
+
+            y += 128; // 16 floats * 8 rows
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (i < ny) {
+        // process leftovers
+        __m256 x0 = _mm256_loadu_ps(x);
+
+        for (; i < ny; i++) {
+            __m256 accu = AVX512ElementOpIP::op(x0, _mm256_loadu_ps(y));
+            y += 8;
+            dis[i] = horizontal_sum(accu);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template <>
+void fvec_op_ny_D8<AVX512ElementOpL2>(
+        float* dis,
+        const float* x,
+        const float* y,
+        size_t ny) {
+    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
+    size_t i = 0;
+
+    if (ny16 > 0) {
+        // process 16 D16-vectors per loop.
+        const __m512 m0 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[0]);
+        const __m512 m1 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[1]);
+        const __m512 m2 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[2]);
+        const __m512 m3 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[3]);
+        const __m512 m4 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[4]);
+        const __m512 m5 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[5]);
+        const __m512 m6 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[6]);
+        const __m512 m7 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[7]);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
+            // load 16x8 matrix and transpose it in registers.
+            // the typical bottleneck is memory access, so
+            // let's trade instructions for the bandwidth.
+
+            __m512 v0;
+            __m512 v1;
+            __m512 v2;
+            __m512 v3;
+            __m512 v4;
+            __m512 v5;
+            __m512 v6;
+            __m512 v7;
+
+            transpose_16x8(
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 2 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 3 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 4 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 5 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 6 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 7 * 16),
+                    v0,
+                    v1,
+                    v2,
+                    v3,
+                    v4,
+                    v5,
+                    v6,
+                    v7);
+
+            // compute differences
+            const __m512 d0 = _mm512_sub_ps(m0, v0);
+            const __m512 d1 = _mm512_sub_ps(m1, v1);
+            const __m512 d2 = _mm512_sub_ps(m2, v2);
+            const __m512 d3 = _mm512_sub_ps(m3, v3);
+            const __m512 d4 = _mm512_sub_ps(m4, v4);
+            const __m512 d5 = _mm512_sub_ps(m5, v5);
+            const __m512 d6 = _mm512_sub_ps(m6, v6);
+            const __m512 d7 = _mm512_sub_ps(m7, v7);
+
+            // compute squares of differences
+            __m512 distances = _mm512_mul_ps(d0, d0);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d1, d1, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d2, d2, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d3, d3, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d4, d4, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d5, d5, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d6, d6, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d7, d7, distances);
+
+            // store
+            _mm512_storeu_ps(dis + i, distances);
+
+            y += 128; // 16 floats * 8 rows
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (i < ny) {
+        // process leftovers
+        __m256 x0 = _mm256_loadu_ps(x);
+
+        for (; i < ny; i++) {
+            __m256 accu = AVX512ElementOpL2::op(x0, _mm256_loadu_ps(y));
+            y += 8;
+            dis[i] = horizontal_sum(accu);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template <>
+void fvec_inner_products_ny<SIMDLevel::AVX512>(
+        float* ip, /* output inner product */
+        const float* x,
+        const float* y,
+        size_t d,
+        size_t ny) {
+    fvec_inner_products_ny_ref<AVX512ElementOpIP>(ip, x, y, d, ny);
+}
+
+template <>
+void fvec_L2sqr_ny<SIMDLevel::AVX512>(
+        float* dis,
+        const float* x,
+        const float* y,
+        size_t d,
+        size_t ny) {
+    fvec_L2sqr_ny_ref<AVX512ElementOpL2>(dis, x, y, d, ny);
+}
+
+template <>
+size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_D2<SIMDLevel::AVX512>(
+        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
+        const float* x,
+        const float* y,
+        size_t ny) {
+    // this implementation does not use distances_tmp_buffer.
+
+    size_t i = 0;
+    float current_min_distance = HUGE_VALF;
+    size_t current_min_index = 0;
+
+    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
+    if (ny16 > 0) {
+        _mm_prefetch((const char*)y, _MM_HINT_T0);
+        _mm_prefetch((const char*)(y + 32), _MM_HINT_T0);
+
+        __m512 min_distances = _mm512_set1_ps(HUGE_VALF);
+        __m512i min_indices = _mm512_set1_epi32(0);
+
+        __m512i current_indices = _mm512_setr_epi32(
+                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15);
+        const __m512i indices_increment = _mm512_set1_epi32(16);
+
+        const __m512 m0 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[0]);
+        const __m512 m1 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[1]);
+
+        for (; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
+            _mm_prefetch((const char*)(y + 64), _MM_HINT_T0);
+
+            __m512 v0;
+            __m512 v1;
+
+            transpose_16x2(
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 16),
+                    v0,
+                    v1);
+
+            const __m512 d0 = _mm512_sub_ps(m0, v0);
+            const __m512 d1 = _mm512_sub_ps(m1, v1);
+
+            __m512 distances = _mm512_mul_ps(d0, d0);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d1, d1, distances);
+
+            __mmask16 comparison =
+                    _mm512_cmp_ps_mask(distances, min_distances, _CMP_LT_OS);
+
+            min_distances = _mm512_min_ps(distances, min_distances);
+            min_indices = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(
+                    comparison, min_indices, current_indices);
+
+            current_indices =
+                    _mm512_add_epi32(current_indices, indices_increment);
+
+            y += 32;
+        }
+
+        alignas(64) float min_distances_scalar[16];
+        alignas(64) uint32_t min_indices_scalar[16];
+        _mm512_store_ps(min_distances_scalar, min_distances);
+        _mm512_store_epi32(min_indices_scalar, min_indices);
+
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+            if (current_min_distance > min_distances_scalar[j]) {
+                current_min_distance = min_distances_scalar[j];
+                current_min_index = min_indices_scalar[j];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (i < ny) {
+        float x0 = x[0];
+        float x1 = x[1];
+
+        for (; i < ny; i++) {
+            float sub0 = x0 - y[0];
+            float sub1 = x1 - y[1];
+            float distance = sub0 * sub0 + sub1 * sub1;
+
+            y += 2;
+
+            if (current_min_distance > distance) {
+                current_min_distance = distance;
+                current_min_index = i;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return current_min_index;
+}
+
+template <>
+size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_D4<SIMDLevel::AVX512>(
+        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
+        const float* x,
+        const float* y,
+        size_t ny) {
+    // this implementation does not use distances_tmp_buffer.
+
+    size_t i = 0;
+    float current_min_distance = HUGE_VALF;
+    size_t current_min_index = 0;
+
+    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
+
+    if (ny16 > 0) {
+        __m512 min_distances = _mm512_set1_ps(HUGE_VALF);
+        __m512i min_indices = _mm512_set1_epi32(0);
+
+        __m512i current_indices = _mm512_setr_epi32(
+                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15);
+        const __m512i indices_increment = _mm512_set1_epi32(16);
+
+        const __m512 m0 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[0]);
+        const __m512 m1 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[1]);
+        const __m512 m2 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[2]);
+        const __m512 m3 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[3]);
+
+        for (; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
+            __m512 v0;
+            __m512 v1;
+            __m512 v2;
+            __m512 v3;
+
+            transpose_16x4(
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 2 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 3 * 16),
+                    v0,
+                    v1,
+                    v2,
+                    v3);
+
+            const __m512 d0 = _mm512_sub_ps(m0, v0);
+            const __m512 d1 = _mm512_sub_ps(m1, v1);
+            const __m512 d2 = _mm512_sub_ps(m2, v2);
+            const __m512 d3 = _mm512_sub_ps(m3, v3);
+
+            __m512 distances = _mm512_mul_ps(d0, d0);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d1, d1, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d2, d2, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d3, d3, distances);
+
+            __mmask16 comparison =
+                    _mm512_cmp_ps_mask(distances, min_distances, _CMP_LT_OS);
+
+            min_distances = _mm512_min_ps(distances, min_distances);
+            min_indices = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(
+                    comparison, min_indices, current_indices);
+
+            current_indices =
+                    _mm512_add_epi32(current_indices, indices_increment);
+
+            y += 64;
+        }
+
+        alignas(64) float min_distances_scalar[16];
+        alignas(64) uint32_t min_indices_scalar[16];
+        _mm512_store_ps(min_distances_scalar, min_distances);
+        _mm512_store_epi32(min_indices_scalar, min_indices);
+
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+            if (current_min_distance > min_distances_scalar[j]) {
+                current_min_distance = min_distances_scalar[j];
+                current_min_index = min_indices_scalar[j];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (i < ny) {
+        __m128 x0 = _mm_loadu_ps(x);
+
+        for (; i < ny; i++) {
+            __m128 accu = ElementOpL2::op(x0, _mm_loadu_ps(y));
+            y += 4;
+            const float distance = horizontal_sum(accu);
+
+            if (current_min_distance > distance) {
+                current_min_distance = distance;
+                current_min_index = i;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return current_min_index;
+}
+
+template <>
+size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_D8<SIMDLevel::AVX512>(
+        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
+        const float* x,
+        const float* y,
+        size_t ny) {
+    // this implementation does not use distances_tmp_buffer.
+
+    size_t i = 0;
+    float current_min_distance = HUGE_VALF;
+    size_t current_min_index = 0;
+
+    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
+    if (ny16 > 0) {
+        __m512 min_distances = _mm512_set1_ps(HUGE_VALF);
+        __m512i min_indices = _mm512_set1_epi32(0);
+
+        __m512i current_indices = _mm512_setr_epi32(
+                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15);
+        const __m512i indices_increment = _mm512_set1_epi32(16);
+
+        const __m512 m0 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[0]);
+        const __m512 m1 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[1]);
+        const __m512 m2 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[2]);
+        const __m512 m3 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[3]);
+
+        const __m512 m4 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[4]);
+        const __m512 m5 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[5]);
+        const __m512 m6 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[6]);
+        const __m512 m7 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[7]);
+
+        for (; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
+            __m512 v0;
+            __m512 v1;
+            __m512 v2;
+            __m512 v3;
+            __m512 v4;
+            __m512 v5;
+            __m512 v6;
+            __m512 v7;
+
+            transpose_16x8(
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 2 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 3 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 4 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 5 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 6 * 16),
+                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 7 * 16),
+                    v0,
+                    v1,
+                    v2,
+                    v3,
+                    v4,
+                    v5,
+                    v6,
+                    v7);
+
+            const __m512 d0 = _mm512_sub_ps(m0, v0);
+            const __m512 d1 = _mm512_sub_ps(m1, v1);
+            const __m512 d2 = _mm512_sub_ps(m2, v2);
+            const __m512 d3 = _mm512_sub_ps(m3, v3);
+            const __m512 d4 = _mm512_sub_ps(m4, v4);
+            const __m512 d5 = _mm512_sub_ps(m5, v5);
+            const __m512 d6 = _mm512_sub_ps(m6, v6);
+            const __m512 d7 = _mm512_sub_ps(m7, v7);
+
+            __m512 distances = _mm512_mul_ps(d0, d0);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d1, d1, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d2, d2, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d3, d3, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d4, d4, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d5, d5, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d6, d6, distances);
+            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d7, d7, distances);
+
+            __mmask16 comparison =
+                    _mm512_cmp_ps_mask(distances, min_distances, _CMP_LT_OS);
+
+            min_distances = _mm512_min_ps(distances, min_distances);
+            min_indices = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(
+                    comparison, min_indices, current_indices);
+
+            current_indices =
+                    _mm512_add_epi32(current_indices, indices_increment);
+
+            y += 128;
+        }
+
+        alignas(64) float min_distances_scalar[16];
+        alignas(64) uint32_t min_indices_scalar[16];
+        _mm512_store_ps(min_distances_scalar, min_distances);
+        _mm512_store_epi32(min_indices_scalar, min_indices);
+
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+            if (current_min_distance > min_distances_scalar[j]) {
+                current_min_distance = min_distances_scalar[j];
+                current_min_index = min_indices_scalar[j];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (i < ny) {
+        __m256 x0 = _mm256_loadu_ps(x);
+
+        for (; i < ny; i++) {
+            __m256 accu = AVX512ElementOpL2::op(x0, _mm256_loadu_ps(y));
+            y += 8;
+            const float distance = horizontal_sum(accu);
+
+            if (current_min_distance > distance) {
+                current_min_distance = distance;
+                current_min_index = i;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return current_min_index;
+}
+
+template <>
+size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest<SIMDLevel::AVX512>(
+        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
+        const float* x,
+        const float* y,
+        size_t d,
+        size_t ny) {
+    return fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_x86<SIMDLevel::AVX512>(
+            distances_tmp_buffer,
+            x,
+            y,
+            d,
+            ny,
+            &fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_D2<SIMDLevel::AVX512>,
+            &fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_D4<SIMDLevel::AVX512>,
+            &fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_D8<SIMDLevel::AVX512>);
+}
+
+template <>
+size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_y_transposed<SIMDLevel::AVX512>(
+        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
+        const float* x,
+        const float* y,
+        const float* y_sqlen,
+        size_t d,
+        size_t d_offset,
+        size_t ny) {
+    return fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_y_transposed<SIMDLevel::NONE>(
+            distances_tmp_buffer, x, y, y_sqlen, d, d_offset, ny);
+}
+
+// TODO: Following functions are not used in the current codebase. Check AVX2 ,
+// respective implementation has been used
+template <size_t DIM>
+size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_y_transposed_D(
+        float* /* distances_tmp_buffer */,
+        const float* x,
+        const float* y,
+        const float* y_sqlen,
+        const size_t d_offset,
+        size_t ny) {
+    // This implementation does not use distances_tmp_buffer.
+
+    // Current index being processed
+    size_t i = 0;
+
+    // Min distance and the index of the closest vector so far
+    float current_min_distance = HUGE_VALF;
+    size_t current_min_index = 0;
+
+    // Process 16 vectors per loop
+    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
+
+    if (ny16 > 0) {
+        // Track min distance and the closest vector independently
+        // for each of 16 AVX-512 components.
+        __m512 min_distances = _mm512_set1_ps(HUGE_VALF);
+        __m512i min_indices = _mm512_set1_epi32(0);
+
+        __m512i current_indices = _mm512_setr_epi32(
+                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15);
+        const __m512i indices_increment = _mm512_set1_epi32(16);
+
+        // m[i] = (2 * x[i], ... 2 * x[i])
+        __m512 m[DIM];
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < DIM; j++) {
+            m[j] = _mm512_set1_ps(x[j]);
+            m[j] = _mm512_add_ps(m[j], m[j]);
+        }
+
+        for (; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
+            // Compute dot products
+            const __m512 v0 = _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 0 * d_offset);
+            __m512 dp = _mm512_mul_ps(m[0], v0);
+            for (size_t j = 1; j < DIM; j++) {
+                const __m512 vj = _mm512_loadu_ps(y + j * d_offset);
+                dp = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m[j], vj, dp);
+            }
+
+            // Compute y^2 - (2 * x, y), which is sufficient for looking for the
+            // lowest distance.
+            // x^2 is the constant that can be avoided.
+            const __m512 distances =
+                    _mm512_sub_ps(_mm512_loadu_ps(y_sqlen), dp);
+
+            // Compare the new distances to the min distances
+            __mmask16 comparison =
+                    _mm512_cmp_ps_mask(min_distances, distances, _CMP_LT_OS);
+
+            // Update min distances and indices with closest vectors if needed
+            min_distances =
+                    _mm512_mask_blend_ps(comparison, distances, min_distances);
+            min_indices = _mm512_castps_si512(_mm512_mask_blend_ps(
+                    comparison,
+                    _mm512_castsi512_ps(current_indices),
+                    _mm512_castsi512_ps(min_indices)));
+
+            // Update current indices values. Basically, +16 to each of the 16
+            // AVX-512 components.
+            current_indices =
+                    _mm512_add_epi32(current_indices, indices_increment);
+
+            // Scroll y and y_sqlen forward.
+            y += 16;
+            y_sqlen += 16;
+        }
+
+        // Dump values and find the minimum distance / minimum index
+        float min_distances_scalar[16];
+        uint32_t min_indices_scalar[16];
+        _mm512_storeu_ps(min_distances_scalar, min_distances);
+        _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i*)(min_indices_scalar), min_indices);
+
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+            if (current_min_distance > min_distances_scalar[j]) {
+                current_min_distance = min_distances_scalar[j];
+                current_min_index = min_indices_scalar[j];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (i < ny) {
+        // Process leftovers
+        for (; i < ny; i++) {
+            float dp = 0;
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < DIM; j++) {
+                dp += x[j] * y[j * d_offset];
+            }
+
+            // Compute y^2 - 2 * (x, y), which is sufficient for looking for the
+            // lowest distance.
+            const float distance = y_sqlen[0] - 2 * dp;
+
+            if (current_min_distance > distance) {
+                current_min_distance = distance;
+                current_min_index = i;
+            }
+
+            y += 1;
+            y_sqlen += 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return current_min_index;
+}
+
+template <>
+int fvec_madd_and_argmin<SIMDLevel::AVX512>(
+        size_t n,
+        const float* a,
+        float bf,
+        const float* b,
+        float* c) {
+    return fvec_madd_and_argmin_sse(n, a, bf, b, c);
+}
+
+} // namespace faiss