faiss 0.5.2 → 0.6.0

data/vendor/faiss/faiss/utils/distances_simd.cpp

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 #include <faiss/utils/distances.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <cassert>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
@@ -19,85 +18,30 @@
 #include <faiss/impl/platform_macros.h>
 #include <faiss/utils/simdlib.h>
 
-#ifdef __SSE3__
-#include <immintrin.h>
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__AVX512F__)
-#include <faiss/utils/transpose/transpose-avx512-inl.h>
-#elif defined(__AVX2__)
-#include <faiss/utils/transpose/transpose-avx2-inl.h>
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __ARM_FEATURE_SVE
-#include <arm_sve.h>
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __aarch64__
-#include <arm_neon.h>
-#endif
+#define AUTOVEC_LEVEL SIMDLevel::NONE
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(facebook-hte-InlineHeader)
+#include <faiss/utils/simd_impl/distances_autovec-inl.h>
 
 namespace faiss {
 
-#ifdef __AVX__
-#define USE_AVX
-#endif
-
-/*********************************************************
- * Optimized distance computations
- *********************************************************/
-
-/* Functions to compute:
-   - L2 distance between 2 vectors
-   - inner product between 2 vectors
-   - L2 norm of a vector
-
-   The functions should probably not be invoked when a large number of
-   vectors are be processed in batch (in which case Matrix multiply
-   is faster), but may be useful for comparing vectors isolated in
-   memory.
-
-   Works with any vectors of any dimension, even unaligned (in which
-   case they are slower).
-
+/*******
+Functions with SIMDLevel::NONE
 */
 
-/*********************************************************
- * Reference implementations
- */
-
-float fvec_L1_ref(const float* x, const float* y, size_t d) {
-    size_t i;
-    float res = 0;
-    for (i = 0; i < d; i++) {
-        const float tmp = x[i] - y[i];
-        res += fabs(tmp);
-    }
-    return res;
-}
-
-float fvec_Linf_ref(const float* x, const float* y, size_t d) {
-    size_t i;
-    float res = 0;
-    for (i = 0; i < d; i++) {
-        res = fmax(res, fabs(x[i] - y[i]));
-    }
-    return res;
-}
-
-void fvec_L2sqr_ny_ref(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t ny) {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < ny; i++) {
-        dis[i] = fvec_L2sqr(x, y, d);
-        y += d;
+template <>
+void fvec_madd<SIMDLevel::NONE>(
+        size_t n,
+        const float* a,
+        float bf,
+        const float* b,
+        float* c) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        c[i] = a[i] + bf * b[i];
     }
 }
 
-void fvec_L2sqr_ny_y_transposed_ref(
+template <>
+void fvec_L2sqr_ny_transposed<SIMDLevel::NONE>(
         float* dis,
         const float* x,
         const float* y,
@@ -120,13 +64,50 @@ void fvec_L2sqr_ny_y_transposed_ref(
     }
 }
 
-size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_ref(
+template <>
+void fvec_inner_products_ny<SIMDLevel::NONE>(
+        float* ip,
+        const float* x,
+        const float* y,
+        size_t d,
+        size_t ny) {
+// BLAS slower for the use cases here
+#if 0
+{
+    FINTEGER di = d;
+    FINTEGER nyi = ny;
+    float one = 1.0, zero = 0.0;
+    FINTEGER onei = 1;
+    sgemv_ ("T", &di, &nyi, &one, y, &di, x, &onei, &zero, ip, &onei);
+}
+#endif
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < ny; i++) {
+        ip[i] = fvec_inner_product(x, y, d);
+        y += d;
+    }
+}
+
+template <>
+void fvec_L2sqr_ny<SIMDLevel::NONE>(
+        float* dis,
+        const float* x,
+        const float* y,
+        size_t d,
+        size_t ny) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < ny; i++) {
+        dis[i] = fvec_L2sqr(x, y, d);
+        y += d;
+    }
+}
+
+template <>
+size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest<SIMDLevel::NONE>(
         float* distances_tmp_buffer,
         const float* x,
         const float* y,
         size_t d,
         size_t ny) {
-    fvec_L2sqr_ny(distances_tmp_buffer, x, y, d, ny);
+    fvec_L2sqr_ny<SIMDLevel::NONE>(distances_tmp_buffer, x, y, d, ny);
 
     size_t nearest_idx = 0;
     float min_dis = HUGE_VALF;
@@ -141,7 +122,8 @@ size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_ref(
     return nearest_idx;
 }
 
-size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_y_transposed_ref(
+template <>
+size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_y_transposed<SIMDLevel::NONE>(
         float* distances_tmp_buffer,
         const float* x,
         const float* y,
@@ -149,7 +131,7 @@ size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_y_transposed_ref(
         size_t d,
         size_t d_offset,
         size_t ny) {
-    fvec_L2sqr_ny_y_transposed_ref(
+    fvec_L2sqr_ny_transposed<SIMDLevel::NONE>(
             distances_tmp_buffer, x, y, y_sqlen, d, d_offset, ny);
 
     size_t nearest_idx = 0;
@@ -165,3448 +147,29 @@ size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_y_transposed_ref(
     return nearest_idx;
 }
 
-void fvec_inner_products_ny_ref(
-        float* ip,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t ny) {
-    // BLAS slower for the use cases here
-#if 0
-    {
-        FINTEGER di = d;
-        FINTEGER nyi = ny;
-        float one = 1.0, zero = 0.0;
-        FINTEGER onei = 1;
-        sgemv_ ("T", &di, &nyi, &one, y, &di, x, &onei, &zero, ip, &onei);
-    }
-#endif
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < ny; i++) {
-        ip[i] = fvec_inner_product(x, y, d);
-        y += d;
-    }
-}
-
-/*********************************************************
- * Autovectorized implementations
- */
-
-FAISS_PRAGMA_IMPRECISE_FUNCTION_BEGIN
-float fvec_inner_product(const float* x, const float* y, size_t d) {
-    float res = 0.F;
-    FAISS_PRAGMA_IMPRECISE_LOOP
-    for (size_t i = 0; i != d; ++i) {
-        res += x[i] * y[i];
-    }
-    return res;
-}
-FAISS_PRAGMA_IMPRECISE_FUNCTION_END
-
-FAISS_PRAGMA_IMPRECISE_FUNCTION_BEGIN
-float fvec_norm_L2sqr(const float* x, size_t d) {
-    // the double in the _ref is suspected to be a typo. Some of the manual
-    // implementations this replaces used float.
-    float res = 0;
-    FAISS_PRAGMA_IMPRECISE_LOOP
-    for (size_t i = 0; i != d; ++i) {
-        res += x[i] * x[i];
-    }
-
-    return res;
-}
-FAISS_PRAGMA_IMPRECISE_FUNCTION_END
-
-FAISS_PRAGMA_IMPRECISE_FUNCTION_BEGIN
-float fvec_L2sqr(const float* x, const float* y, size_t d) {
-    size_t i;
-    float res = 0;
-    FAISS_PRAGMA_IMPRECISE_LOOP
-    for (i = 0; i < d; i++) {
-        const float tmp = x[i] - y[i];
-        res += tmp * tmp;
-    }
-    return res;
-}
-FAISS_PRAGMA_IMPRECISE_FUNCTION_END
-
-/// Special version of inner product that computes 4 distances
-/// between x and yi
-FAISS_PRAGMA_IMPRECISE_FUNCTION_BEGIN
-void fvec_inner_product_batch_4(
-        const float* __restrict x,
-        const float* __restrict y0,
-        const float* __restrict y1,
-        const float* __restrict y2,
-        const float* __restrict y3,
-        const size_t d,
-        float& dis0,
-        float& dis1,
-        float& dis2,
-        float& dis3) {
-    float d0 = 0;
-    float d1 = 0;
-    float d2 = 0;
-    float d3 = 0;
-    FAISS_PRAGMA_IMPRECISE_LOOP
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < d; ++i) {
-        d0 += x[i] * y0[i];
-        d1 += x[i] * y1[i];
-        d2 += x[i] * y2[i];
-        d3 += x[i] * y3[i];
-    }
-
-    dis0 = d0;
-    dis1 = d1;
-    dis2 = d2;
-    dis3 = d3;
-}
-FAISS_PRAGMA_IMPRECISE_FUNCTION_END
-
-/// Special version of L2sqr that computes 4 distances
-/// between x and yi, which is performance oriented.
-FAISS_PRAGMA_IMPRECISE_FUNCTION_BEGIN
-void fvec_L2sqr_batch_4(
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y0,
-        const float* y1,
-        const float* y2,
-        const float* y3,
-        const size_t d,
-        float& dis0,
-        float& dis1,
-        float& dis2,
-        float& dis3) {
-    float d0 = 0;
-    float d1 = 0;
-    float d2 = 0;
-    float d3 = 0;
-    FAISS_PRAGMA_IMPRECISE_LOOP
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < d; ++i) {
-        const float q0 = x[i] - y0[i];
-        const float q1 = x[i] - y1[i];
-        const float q2 = x[i] - y2[i];
-        const float q3 = x[i] - y3[i];
-        d0 += q0 * q0;
-        d1 += q1 * q1;
-        d2 += q2 * q2;
-        d3 += q3 * q3;
-    }
-
-    dis0 = d0;
-    dis1 = d1;
-    dis2 = d2;
-    dis3 = d3;
-}
-FAISS_PRAGMA_IMPRECISE_FUNCTION_END
-
-/*********************************************************
- * SSE and AVX implementations
- */
-
-#ifdef __SSE3__
-
-// reads 0 <= d < 4 floats as __m128
-static inline __m128 masked_read(int d, const float* x) {
-    assert(0 <= d && d < 4);
-    ALIGNED(16) float buf[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
-    switch (d) {
-        case 3:
-            buf[2] = x[2];
-            [[fallthrough]];
-        case 2:
-            buf[1] = x[1];
-            [[fallthrough]];
-        case 1:
-            buf[0] = x[0];
-    }
-    return _mm_load_ps(buf);
-    // cannot use AVX2 _mm_mask_set1_epi32
-}
-
-namespace {
-
-/// helper function
-inline float horizontal_sum(const __m128 v) {
-    // say, v is [x0, x1, x2, x3]
-
-    // v0 is [x2, x3, ..., ...]
-    const __m128 v0 = _mm_shuffle_ps(v, v, _MM_SHUFFLE(0, 0, 3, 2));
-    // v1 is [x0 + x2, x1 + x3, ..., ...]
-    const __m128 v1 = _mm_add_ps(v, v0);
-    // v2 is [x1 + x3, ..., .... ,...]
-    __m128 v2 = _mm_shuffle_ps(v1, v1, _MM_SHUFFLE(0, 0, 0, 1));
-    // v3 is [x0 + x1 + x2 + x3, ..., ..., ...]
-    const __m128 v3 = _mm_add_ps(v1, v2);
-    // return v3[0]
-    return _mm_cvtss_f32(v3);
-}
-
-#ifdef __AVX2__
-/// helper function for AVX2
-inline float horizontal_sum(const __m256 v) {
-    // add high and low parts
-    const __m128 v0 =
-            _mm_add_ps(_mm256_castps256_ps128(v), _mm256_extractf128_ps(v, 1));
-    // perform horizontal sum on v0
-    return horizontal_sum(v0);
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __AVX512F__
-/// helper function for AVX512
-inline float horizontal_sum(const __m512 v) {
-    // performs better than adding the high and low parts
-    return _mm512_reduce_add_ps(v);
-}
-#endif
-
-/// Function that does a component-wise operation between x and y
-/// to compute L2 distances. ElementOp can then be used in the fvec_op_ny
-/// functions below
-struct ElementOpL2 {
-    static float op(float x, float y) {
-        float tmp = x - y;
-        return tmp * tmp;
-    }
-
-    static __m128 op(__m128 x, __m128 y) {
-        __m128 tmp = _mm_sub_ps(x, y);
-        return _mm_mul_ps(tmp, tmp);
-    }
-
-#ifdef __AVX2__
-    static __m256 op(__m256 x, __m256 y) {
-        __m256 tmp = _mm256_sub_ps(x, y);
-        return _mm256_mul_ps(tmp, tmp);
-    }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __AVX512F__
-    static __m512 op(__m512 x, __m512 y) {
-        __m512 tmp = _mm512_sub_ps(x, y);
-        return _mm512_mul_ps(tmp, tmp);
-    }
-#endif
-};
-
-/// Function that does a component-wise operation between x and y
-/// to compute inner products
-struct ElementOpIP {
-    static float op(float x, float y) {
-        return x * y;
-    }
-
-    static __m128 op(__m128 x, __m128 y) {
-        return _mm_mul_ps(x, y);
-    }
-
-#ifdef __AVX2__
-    static __m256 op(__m256 x, __m256 y) {
-        return _mm256_mul_ps(x, y);
-    }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __AVX512F__
-    static __m512 op(__m512 x, __m512 y) {
-        return _mm512_mul_ps(x, y);
-    }
-#endif
-};
-
-template <class ElementOp>
-void fvec_op_ny_D1(float* dis, const float* x, const float* y, size_t ny) {
-    float x0s = x[0];
-    __m128 x0 = _mm_set_ps(x0s, x0s, x0s, x0s);
-
-    size_t i;
-    for (i = 0; i + 3 < ny; i += 4) {
-        __m128 accu = ElementOp::op(x0, _mm_loadu_ps(y));
-        y += 4;
-        dis[i] = _mm_cvtss_f32(accu);
-        __m128 tmp = _mm_shuffle_ps(accu, accu, 1);
-        dis[i + 1] = _mm_cvtss_f32(tmp);
-        tmp = _mm_shuffle_ps(accu, accu, 2);
-        dis[i + 2] = _mm_cvtss_f32(tmp);
-        tmp = _mm_shuffle_ps(accu, accu, 3);
-        dis[i + 3] = _mm_cvtss_f32(tmp);
-    }
-    while (i < ny) { // handle non-multiple-of-4 case
-        dis[i++] = ElementOp::op(x0s, *y++);
-    }
-}
-
-template <class ElementOp>
-void fvec_op_ny_D2(float* dis, const float* x, const float* y, size_t ny) {
-    __m128 x0 = _mm_set_ps(x[1], x[0], x[1], x[0]);
-
-    size_t i;
-    for (i = 0; i + 1 < ny; i += 2) {
-        __m128 accu = ElementOp::op(x0, _mm_loadu_ps(y));
-        y += 4;
-        accu = _mm_hadd_ps(accu, accu);
-        dis[i] = _mm_cvtss_f32(accu);
-        accu = _mm_shuffle_ps(accu, accu, 3);
-        dis[i + 1] = _mm_cvtss_f32(accu);
-    }
-    if (i < ny) { // handle odd case
-        dis[i] = ElementOp::op(x[0], y[0]) + ElementOp::op(x[1], y[1]);
-    }
-}
-
-#if defined(__AVX512F__)
-
-template <>
-void fvec_op_ny_D2<ElementOpIP>(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
-    size_t i = 0;
-
-    if (ny16 > 0) {
-        // process 16 D2-vectors per loop.
-        _mm_prefetch((const char*)y, _MM_HINT_T0);
-        _mm_prefetch((const char*)(y + 32), _MM_HINT_T0);
-
-        const __m512 m0 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[0]);
-        const __m512 m1 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[1]);
-
-        for (i = 0; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
-            _mm_prefetch((const char*)(y + 64), _MM_HINT_T0);
-
-            // load 16x2 matrix and transpose it in registers.
-            // the typical bottleneck is memory access, so
-            // let's trade instructions for the bandwidth.
-
-            __m512 v0;
-            __m512 v1;
-
-            transpose_16x2(
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 16),
-                    v0,
-                    v1);
-
-            // compute distances (dot product)
-            __m512 distances = _mm512_mul_ps(m0, v0);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m1, v1, distances);
-
-            // store
-            _mm512_storeu_ps(dis + i, distances);
-
-            y += 32; // move to the next set of 16x2 elements
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        // process leftovers
-        float x0 = x[0];
-        float x1 = x[1];
-
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            float distance = x0 * y[0] + x1 * y[1];
-            y += 2;
-            dis[i] = distance;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template <>
-void fvec_op_ny_D2<ElementOpL2>(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
-    size_t i = 0;
-
-    if (ny16 > 0) {
-        // process 16 D2-vectors per loop.
-        _mm_prefetch((const char*)y, _MM_HINT_T0);
-        _mm_prefetch((const char*)(y + 32), _MM_HINT_T0);
-
-        const __m512 m0 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[0]);
-        const __m512 m1 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[1]);
-
-        for (i = 0; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
-            _mm_prefetch((const char*)(y + 64), _MM_HINT_T0);
-
-            // load 16x2 matrix and transpose it in registers.
-            // the typical bottleneck is memory access, so
-            // let's trade instructions for the bandwidth.
-
-            __m512 v0;
-            __m512 v1;
-
-            transpose_16x2(
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 16),
-                    v0,
-                    v1);
-
-            // compute differences
-            const __m512 d0 = _mm512_sub_ps(m0, v0);
-            const __m512 d1 = _mm512_sub_ps(m1, v1);
-
-            // compute squares of differences
-            __m512 distances = _mm512_mul_ps(d0, d0);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d1, d1, distances);
-
-            // store
-            _mm512_storeu_ps(dis + i, distances);
-
-            y += 32; // move to the next set of 16x2 elements
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        // process leftovers
-        float x0 = x[0];
-        float x1 = x[1];
-
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            float sub0 = x0 - y[0];
-            float sub1 = x1 - y[1];
-            float distance = sub0 * sub0 + sub1 * sub1;
-
-            y += 2;
-            dis[i] = distance;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#elif defined(__AVX2__)
-
 template <>
-void fvec_op_ny_D2<ElementOpIP>(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    const size_t ny8 = ny / 8;
-    size_t i = 0;
-
-    if (ny8 > 0) {
-        // process 8 D2-vectors per loop.
-        _mm_prefetch((const char*)y, _MM_HINT_T0);
-        _mm_prefetch((const char*)(y + 16), _MM_HINT_T0);
-
-        const __m256 m0 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[0]);
-        const __m256 m1 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[1]);
-
-        for (i = 0; i < ny8 * 8; i += 8) {
-            _mm_prefetch((const char*)(y + 32), _MM_HINT_T0);
-
-            // load 8x2 matrix and transpose it in registers.
-            // the typical bottleneck is memory access, so
-            // let's trade instructions for the bandwidth.
-
-            __m256 v0;
-            __m256 v1;
-
-            transpose_8x2(
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 8),
-                    v0,
-                    v1);
-
-            // compute distances
-            __m256 distances = _mm256_mul_ps(m0, v0);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(m1, v1, distances);
-
-            // store
-            _mm256_storeu_ps(dis + i, distances);
-
-            y += 16;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        // process leftovers
-        float x0 = x[0];
-        float x1 = x[1];
+int fvec_madd_and_argmin<SIMDLevel::NONE>(
+        size_t n,
+        const float* a,
+        float bf,
+        const float* b,
+        float* c) {
+    float vmin = 1e20;
+    int imin = -1;
 
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            float distance = x0 * y[0] + x1 * y[1];
-            y += 2;
-            dis[i] = distance;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        c[i] = a[i] + bf * b[i];
+        if (c[i] < vmin) {
+            vmin = c[i];
+            imin = i;
         }
     }
+    return imin;
 }
 
-template <>
-void fvec_op_ny_D2<ElementOpL2>(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    const size_t ny8 = ny / 8;
-    size_t i = 0;
-
-    if (ny8 > 0) {
-        // process 8 D2-vectors per loop.
-        _mm_prefetch((const char*)y, _MM_HINT_T0);
-        _mm_prefetch((const char*)(y + 16), _MM_HINT_T0);
-
-        const __m256 m0 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[0]);
-        const __m256 m1 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[1]);
-
-        for (i = 0; i < ny8 * 8; i += 8) {
-            _mm_prefetch((const char*)(y + 32), _MM_HINT_T0);
-
-            // load 8x2 matrix and transpose it in registers.
-            // the typical bottleneck is memory access, so
-            // let's trade instructions for the bandwidth.
-
-            __m256 v0;
-            __m256 v1;
-
-            transpose_8x2(
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 8),
-                    v0,
-                    v1);
-
-            // compute differences
-            const __m256 d0 = _mm256_sub_ps(m0, v0);
-            const __m256 d1 = _mm256_sub_ps(m1, v1);
-
-            // compute squares of differences
-            __m256 distances = _mm256_mul_ps(d0, d0);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d1, d1, distances);
-
-            // store
-            _mm256_storeu_ps(dis + i, distances);
+} // namespace faiss
 
-            y += 16;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        // process leftovers
-        float x0 = x[0];
-        float x1 = x[1];
-
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            float sub0 = x0 - y[0];
-            float sub1 = x1 - y[1];
-            float distance = sub0 * sub0 + sub1 * sub1;
-
-            y += 2;
-            dis[i] = distance;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#endif
-
-template <class ElementOp>
-void fvec_op_ny_D4(float* dis, const float* x, const float* y, size_t ny) {
-    __m128 x0 = _mm_loadu_ps(x);
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < ny; i++) {
-        __m128 accu = ElementOp::op(x0, _mm_loadu_ps(y));
-        y += 4;
-        dis[i] = horizontal_sum(accu);
-    }
-}
-
-#if defined(__AVX512F__)
-
-template <>
-void fvec_op_ny_D4<ElementOpIP>(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
-    size_t i = 0;
-
-    if (ny16 > 0) {
-        // process 16 D4-vectors per loop.
-        const __m512 m0 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[0]);
-        const __m512 m1 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[1]);
-        const __m512 m2 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[2]);
-        const __m512 m3 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[3]);
-
-        for (i = 0; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
-            // load 16x4 matrix and transpose it in registers.
-            // the typical bottleneck is memory access, so
-            // let's trade instructions for the bandwidth.
-
-            __m512 v0;
-            __m512 v1;
-            __m512 v2;
-            __m512 v3;
-
-            transpose_16x4(
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 2 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 3 * 16),
-                    v0,
-                    v1,
-                    v2,
-                    v3);
-
-            // compute distances
-            __m512 distances = _mm512_mul_ps(m0, v0);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m1, v1, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m2, v2, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m3, v3, distances);
-
-            // store
-            _mm512_storeu_ps(dis + i, distances);
-
-            y += 64; // move to the next set of 16x4 elements
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        // process leftovers
-        __m128 x0 = _mm_loadu_ps(x);
-
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            __m128 accu = ElementOpIP::op(x0, _mm_loadu_ps(y));
-            y += 4;
-            dis[i] = horizontal_sum(accu);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template <>
-void fvec_op_ny_D4<ElementOpL2>(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
-    size_t i = 0;
-
-    if (ny16 > 0) {
-        // process 16 D4-vectors per loop.
-        const __m512 m0 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[0]);
-        const __m512 m1 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[1]);
-        const __m512 m2 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[2]);
-        const __m512 m3 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[3]);
-
-        for (i = 0; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
-            // load 16x4 matrix and transpose it in registers.
-            // the typical bottleneck is memory access, so
-            // let's trade instructions for the bandwidth.
-
-            __m512 v0;
-            __m512 v1;
-            __m512 v2;
-            __m512 v3;
-
-            transpose_16x4(
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 2 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 3 * 16),
-                    v0,
-                    v1,
-                    v2,
-                    v3);
-
-            // compute differences
-            const __m512 d0 = _mm512_sub_ps(m0, v0);
-            const __m512 d1 = _mm512_sub_ps(m1, v1);
-            const __m512 d2 = _mm512_sub_ps(m2, v2);
-            const __m512 d3 = _mm512_sub_ps(m3, v3);
-
-            // compute squares of differences
-            __m512 distances = _mm512_mul_ps(d0, d0);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d1, d1, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d2, d2, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d3, d3, distances);
-
-            // store
-            _mm512_storeu_ps(dis + i, distances);
-
-            y += 64; // move to the next set of 16x4 elements
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        // process leftovers
-        __m128 x0 = _mm_loadu_ps(x);
-
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            __m128 accu = ElementOpL2::op(x0, _mm_loadu_ps(y));
-            y += 4;
-            dis[i] = horizontal_sum(accu);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#elif defined(__AVX2__)
-
-template <>
-void fvec_op_ny_D4<ElementOpIP>(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    const size_t ny8 = ny / 8;
-    size_t i = 0;
-
-    if (ny8 > 0) {
-        // process 8 D4-vectors per loop.
-        const __m256 m0 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[0]);
-        const __m256 m1 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[1]);
-        const __m256 m2 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[2]);
-        const __m256 m3 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[3]);
-
-        for (i = 0; i < ny8 * 8; i += 8) {
-            // load 8x4 matrix and transpose it in registers.
-            // the typical bottleneck is memory access, so
-            // let's trade instructions for the bandwidth.
-
-            __m256 v0;
-            __m256 v1;
-            __m256 v2;
-            __m256 v3;
-
-            transpose_8x4(
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 2 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 3 * 8),
-                    v0,
-                    v1,
-                    v2,
-                    v3);
-
-            // compute distances
-            __m256 distances = _mm256_mul_ps(m0, v0);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(m1, v1, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(m2, v2, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(m3, v3, distances);
-
-            // store
-            _mm256_storeu_ps(dis + i, distances);
-
-            y += 32;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        // process leftovers
-        __m128 x0 = _mm_loadu_ps(x);
-
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            __m128 accu = ElementOpIP::op(x0, _mm_loadu_ps(y));
-            y += 4;
-            dis[i] = horizontal_sum(accu);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template <>
-void fvec_op_ny_D4<ElementOpL2>(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    const size_t ny8 = ny / 8;
-    size_t i = 0;
-
-    if (ny8 > 0) {
-        // process 8 D4-vectors per loop.
-        const __m256 m0 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[0]);
-        const __m256 m1 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[1]);
-        const __m256 m2 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[2]);
-        const __m256 m3 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[3]);
-
-        for (i = 0; i < ny8 * 8; i += 8) {
-            // load 8x4 matrix and transpose it in registers.
-            // the typical bottleneck is memory access, so
-            // let's trade instructions for the bandwidth.
-
-            __m256 v0;
-            __m256 v1;
-            __m256 v2;
-            __m256 v3;
-
-            transpose_8x4(
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 2 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 3 * 8),
-                    v0,
-                    v1,
-                    v2,
-                    v3);
-
-            // compute differences
-            const __m256 d0 = _mm256_sub_ps(m0, v0);
-            const __m256 d1 = _mm256_sub_ps(m1, v1);
-            const __m256 d2 = _mm256_sub_ps(m2, v2);
-            const __m256 d3 = _mm256_sub_ps(m3, v3);
-
-            // compute squares of differences
-            __m256 distances = _mm256_mul_ps(d0, d0);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d1, d1, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d2, d2, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d3, d3, distances);
-
-            // store
-            _mm256_storeu_ps(dis + i, distances);
-
-            y += 32;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        // process leftovers
-        __m128 x0 = _mm_loadu_ps(x);
-
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            __m128 accu = ElementOpL2::op(x0, _mm_loadu_ps(y));
-            y += 4;
-            dis[i] = horizontal_sum(accu);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#endif
-
-template <class ElementOp>
-void fvec_op_ny_D8(float* dis, const float* x, const float* y, size_t ny) {
-    __m128 x0 = _mm_loadu_ps(x);
-    __m128 x1 = _mm_loadu_ps(x + 4);
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < ny; i++) {
-        __m128 accu = ElementOp::op(x0, _mm_loadu_ps(y));
-        y += 4;
-        accu = _mm_add_ps(accu, ElementOp::op(x1, _mm_loadu_ps(y)));
-        y += 4;
-        accu = _mm_hadd_ps(accu, accu);
-        accu = _mm_hadd_ps(accu, accu);
-        dis[i] = _mm_cvtss_f32(accu);
-    }
-}
-
-#if defined(__AVX512F__)
-
-template <>
-void fvec_op_ny_D8<ElementOpIP>(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
-    size_t i = 0;
-
-    if (ny16 > 0) {
-        // process 16 D16-vectors per loop.
-        const __m512 m0 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[0]);
-        const __m512 m1 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[1]);
-        const __m512 m2 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[2]);
-        const __m512 m3 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[3]);
-        const __m512 m4 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[4]);
-        const __m512 m5 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[5]);
-        const __m512 m6 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[6]);
-        const __m512 m7 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[7]);
-
-        for (i = 0; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
-            // load 16x8 matrix and transpose it in registers.
-            // the typical bottleneck is memory access, so
-            // let's trade instructions for the bandwidth.
-
-            __m512 v0;
-            __m512 v1;
-            __m512 v2;
-            __m512 v3;
-            __m512 v4;
-            __m512 v5;
-            __m512 v6;
-            __m512 v7;
-
-            transpose_16x8(
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 2 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 3 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 4 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 5 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 6 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 7 * 16),
-                    v0,
-                    v1,
-                    v2,
-                    v3,
-                    v4,
-                    v5,
-                    v6,
-                    v7);
-
-            // compute distances
-            __m512 distances = _mm512_mul_ps(m0, v0);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m1, v1, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m2, v2, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m3, v3, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m4, v4, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m5, v5, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m6, v6, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m7, v7, distances);
-
-            // store
-            _mm512_storeu_ps(dis + i, distances);
-
-            y += 128; // 16 floats * 8 rows
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        // process leftovers
-        __m256 x0 = _mm256_loadu_ps(x);
-
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            __m256 accu = ElementOpIP::op(x0, _mm256_loadu_ps(y));
-            y += 8;
-            dis[i] = horizontal_sum(accu);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template <>
-void fvec_op_ny_D8<ElementOpL2>(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
-    size_t i = 0;
-
-    if (ny16 > 0) {
-        // process 16 D16-vectors per loop.
-        const __m512 m0 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[0]);
-        const __m512 m1 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[1]);
-        const __m512 m2 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[2]);
-        const __m512 m3 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[3]);
-        const __m512 m4 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[4]);
-        const __m512 m5 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[5]);
-        const __m512 m6 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[6]);
-        const __m512 m7 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[7]);
-
-        for (i = 0; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
-            // load 16x8 matrix and transpose it in registers.
-            // the typical bottleneck is memory access, so
-            // let's trade instructions for the bandwidth.
-
-            __m512 v0;
-            __m512 v1;
-            __m512 v2;
-            __m512 v3;
-            __m512 v4;
-            __m512 v5;
-            __m512 v6;
-            __m512 v7;
-
-            transpose_16x8(
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 2 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 3 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 4 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 5 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 6 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 7 * 16),
-                    v0,
-                    v1,
-                    v2,
-                    v3,
-                    v4,
-                    v5,
-                    v6,
-                    v7);
-
-            // compute differences
-            const __m512 d0 = _mm512_sub_ps(m0, v0);
-            const __m512 d1 = _mm512_sub_ps(m1, v1);
-            const __m512 d2 = _mm512_sub_ps(m2, v2);
-            const __m512 d3 = _mm512_sub_ps(m3, v3);
-            const __m512 d4 = _mm512_sub_ps(m4, v4);
-            const __m512 d5 = _mm512_sub_ps(m5, v5);
-            const __m512 d6 = _mm512_sub_ps(m6, v6);
-            const __m512 d7 = _mm512_sub_ps(m7, v7);
-
-            // compute squares of differences
-            __m512 distances = _mm512_mul_ps(d0, d0);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d1, d1, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d2, d2, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d3, d3, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d4, d4, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d5, d5, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d6, d6, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d7, d7, distances);
-
-            // store
-            _mm512_storeu_ps(dis + i, distances);
-
-            y += 128; // 16 floats * 8 rows
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        // process leftovers
-        __m256 x0 = _mm256_loadu_ps(x);
-
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            __m256 accu = ElementOpL2::op(x0, _mm256_loadu_ps(y));
-            y += 8;
-            dis[i] = horizontal_sum(accu);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#elif defined(__AVX2__)
-
-template <>
-void fvec_op_ny_D8<ElementOpIP>(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    const size_t ny8 = ny / 8;
-    size_t i = 0;
-
-    if (ny8 > 0) {
-        // process 8 D8-vectors per loop.
-        const __m256 m0 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[0]);
-        const __m256 m1 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[1]);
-        const __m256 m2 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[2]);
-        const __m256 m3 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[3]);
-        const __m256 m4 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[4]);
-        const __m256 m5 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[5]);
-        const __m256 m6 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[6]);
-        const __m256 m7 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[7]);
-
-        for (i = 0; i < ny8 * 8; i += 8) {
-            // load 8x8 matrix and transpose it in registers.
-            // the typical bottleneck is memory access, so
-            // let's trade instructions for the bandwidth.
-
-            __m256 v0;
-            __m256 v1;
-            __m256 v2;
-            __m256 v3;
-            __m256 v4;
-            __m256 v5;
-            __m256 v6;
-            __m256 v7;
-
-            transpose_8x8(
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 2 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 3 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 4 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 5 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 6 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 7 * 8),
-                    v0,
-                    v1,
-                    v2,
-                    v3,
-                    v4,
-                    v5,
-                    v6,
-                    v7);
-
-            // compute distances
-            __m256 distances = _mm256_mul_ps(m0, v0);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(m1, v1, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(m2, v2, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(m3, v3, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(m4, v4, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(m5, v5, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(m6, v6, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(m7, v7, distances);
-
-            // store
-            _mm256_storeu_ps(dis + i, distances);
-
-            y += 64;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        // process leftovers
-        __m256 x0 = _mm256_loadu_ps(x);
-
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            __m256 accu = ElementOpIP::op(x0, _mm256_loadu_ps(y));
-            y += 8;
-            dis[i] = horizontal_sum(accu);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template <>
-void fvec_op_ny_D8<ElementOpL2>(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    const size_t ny8 = ny / 8;
-    size_t i = 0;
-
-    if (ny8 > 0) {
-        // process 8 D8-vectors per loop.
-        const __m256 m0 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[0]);
-        const __m256 m1 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[1]);
-        const __m256 m2 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[2]);
-        const __m256 m3 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[3]);
-        const __m256 m4 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[4]);
-        const __m256 m5 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[5]);
-        const __m256 m6 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[6]);
-        const __m256 m7 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[7]);
-
-        for (i = 0; i < ny8 * 8; i += 8) {
-            // load 8x8 matrix and transpose it in registers.
-            // the typical bottleneck is memory access, so
-            // let's trade instructions for the bandwidth.
-
-            __m256 v0;
-            __m256 v1;
-            __m256 v2;
-            __m256 v3;
-            __m256 v4;
-            __m256 v5;
-            __m256 v6;
-            __m256 v7;
-
-            transpose_8x8(
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 2 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 3 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 4 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 5 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 6 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 7 * 8),
-                    v0,
-                    v1,
-                    v2,
-                    v3,
-                    v4,
-                    v5,
-                    v6,
-                    v7);
-
-            // compute differences
-            const __m256 d0 = _mm256_sub_ps(m0, v0);
-            const __m256 d1 = _mm256_sub_ps(m1, v1);
-            const __m256 d2 = _mm256_sub_ps(m2, v2);
-            const __m256 d3 = _mm256_sub_ps(m3, v3);
-            const __m256 d4 = _mm256_sub_ps(m4, v4);
-            const __m256 d5 = _mm256_sub_ps(m5, v5);
-            const __m256 d6 = _mm256_sub_ps(m6, v6);
-            const __m256 d7 = _mm256_sub_ps(m7, v7);
-
-            // compute squares of differences
-            __m256 distances = _mm256_mul_ps(d0, d0);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d1, d1, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d2, d2, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d3, d3, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d4, d4, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d5, d5, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d6, d6, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d7, d7, distances);
-
-            // store
-            _mm256_storeu_ps(dis + i, distances);
-
-            y += 64;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        // process leftovers
-        __m256 x0 = _mm256_loadu_ps(x);
-
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            __m256 accu = ElementOpL2::op(x0, _mm256_loadu_ps(y));
-            y += 8;
-            dis[i] = horizontal_sum(accu);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#endif
-
-template <class ElementOp>
-void fvec_op_ny_D12(float* dis, const float* x, const float* y, size_t ny) {
-    __m128 x0 = _mm_loadu_ps(x);
-    __m128 x1 = _mm_loadu_ps(x + 4);
-    __m128 x2 = _mm_loadu_ps(x + 8);
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < ny; i++) {
-        __m128 accu = ElementOp::op(x0, _mm_loadu_ps(y));
-        y += 4;
-        accu = _mm_add_ps(accu, ElementOp::op(x1, _mm_loadu_ps(y)));
-        y += 4;
-        accu = _mm_add_ps(accu, ElementOp::op(x2, _mm_loadu_ps(y)));
-        y += 4;
-        dis[i] = horizontal_sum(accu);
-    }
-}
-
-} // anonymous namespace
-
-void fvec_L2sqr_ny(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t ny) {
-    // optimized for a few special cases
-
-#define DISPATCH(dval)                                  \
-    case dval:                                          \
-        fvec_op_ny_D##dval<ElementOpL2>(dis, x, y, ny); \
-        return;
-
-    switch (d) {
-        DISPATCH(1)
-        DISPATCH(2)
-        DISPATCH(4)
-        DISPATCH(8)
-        DISPATCH(12)
-        default:
-            fvec_L2sqr_ny_ref(dis, x, y, d, ny);
-            return;
-    }
-#undef DISPATCH
-}
-
-void fvec_inner_products_ny(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t ny) {
-#define DISPATCH(dval)                                  \
-    case dval:                                          \
-        fvec_op_ny_D##dval<ElementOpIP>(dis, x, y, ny); \
-        return;
-
-    switch (d) {
-        DISPATCH(1)
-        DISPATCH(2)
-        DISPATCH(4)
-        DISPATCH(8)
-        DISPATCH(12)
-        default:
-            fvec_inner_products_ny_ref(dis, x, y, d, ny);
-            return;
-    }
-#undef DISPATCH
-}
-
-#if defined(__AVX512F__)
-
-template <size_t DIM>
-void fvec_L2sqr_ny_y_transposed_D(
-        float* distances,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        const float* y_sqlen,
-        const size_t d_offset,
-        size_t ny) {
-    // current index being processed
-    size_t i = 0;
-
-    // squared length of x
-    float x_sqlen = 0;
-    for (size_t j = 0; j < DIM; j++) {
-        x_sqlen += x[j] * x[j];
-    }
-
-    // process 16 vectors per loop
-    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
-
-    if (ny16 > 0) {
-        // m[i] = (2 * x[i], ... 2 * x[i])
-        __m512 m[DIM];
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < DIM; j++) {
-            m[j] = _mm512_set1_ps(x[j]);
-            m[j] = _mm512_add_ps(m[j], m[j]); // m[j] = 2 * x[j]
-        }
-
-        __m512 x_sqlen_ymm = _mm512_set1_ps(x_sqlen);
-
-        for (; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
-            // Load vectors for 16 dimensions
-            __m512 v[DIM];
-            for (size_t j = 0; j < DIM; j++) {
-                v[j] = _mm512_loadu_ps(y + j * d_offset);
-            }
-
-            // Compute dot products
-            __m512 dp = _mm512_fnmadd_ps(m[0], v[0], x_sqlen_ymm);
-            for (size_t j = 1; j < DIM; j++) {
-                dp = _mm512_fnmadd_ps(m[j], v[j], dp);
-            }
-
-            // Compute y^2 - (2 * x, y) + x^2
-            __m512 distances_v = _mm512_add_ps(_mm512_loadu_ps(y_sqlen), dp);
-
-            _mm512_storeu_ps(distances + i, distances_v);
-
-            // Scroll y and y_sqlen forward
-            y += 16;
-            y_sqlen += 16;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        // Process leftovers
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            float dp = 0;
-            for (size_t j = 0; j < DIM; j++) {
-                dp += x[j] * y[j * d_offset];
-            }
-
-            // Compute y^2 - 2 * (x, y), which is sufficient for looking for the
-            // lowest distance.
-            const float distance = y_sqlen[0] - 2 * dp + x_sqlen;
-            distances[i] = distance;
-
-            y += 1;
-            y_sqlen += 1;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#elif defined(__AVX2__)
-
-template <size_t DIM>
-void fvec_L2sqr_ny_y_transposed_D(
-        float* distances,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        const float* y_sqlen,
-        const size_t d_offset,
-        size_t ny) {
-    // current index being processed
-    size_t i = 0;
-
-    // squared length of x
-    float x_sqlen = 0;
-    for (size_t j = 0; j < DIM; j++) {
-        x_sqlen += x[j] * x[j];
-    }
-
-    // process 8 vectors per loop.
-    const size_t ny8 = ny / 8;
-
-    if (ny8 > 0) {
-        // m[i] = (2 * x[i], ... 2 * x[i])
-        __m256 m[DIM];
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < DIM; j++) {
-            m[j] = _mm256_set1_ps(x[j]);
-            m[j] = _mm256_add_ps(m[j], m[j]);
-        }
-
-        __m256 x_sqlen_ymm = _mm256_set1_ps(x_sqlen);
-
-        for (; i < ny8 * 8; i += 8) {
-            // collect dim 0 for 8 D4-vectors.
-            const __m256 v0 = _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 0 * d_offset);
-
-            // compute dot products
-            // this is x^2 - 2x[0]*y[0]
-            __m256 dp = _mm256_fnmadd_ps(m[0], v0, x_sqlen_ymm);
-
-            for (size_t j = 1; j < DIM; j++) {
-                // collect dim j for 8 D4-vectors.
-                const __m256 vj = _mm256_loadu_ps(y + j * d_offset);
-                dp = _mm256_fnmadd_ps(m[j], vj, dp);
-            }
-
-            // we've got x^2 - (2x, y) at this point
-
-            // y^2 - (2x, y) + x^2
-            __m256 distances_v = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_loadu_ps(y_sqlen), dp);
-
-            _mm256_storeu_ps(distances + i, distances_v);
-
-            // scroll y and y_sqlen forward.
-            y += 8;
-            y_sqlen += 8;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        // process leftovers
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            float dp = 0;
-            for (size_t j = 0; j < DIM; j++) {
-                dp += x[j] * y[j * d_offset];
-            }
-
-            // compute y^2 - 2 * (x, y), which is sufficient for looking for the
-            //   lowest distance.
-            const float distance = y_sqlen[0] - 2 * dp + x_sqlen;
-            distances[i] = distance;
-
-            y += 1;
-            y_sqlen += 1;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#endif
-
-void fvec_L2sqr_ny_transposed(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        const float* y_sqlen,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t d_offset,
-        size_t ny) {
-    // optimized for a few special cases
-
-#ifdef __AVX2__
-#define DISPATCH(dval)                             \
-    case dval:                                     \
-        return fvec_L2sqr_ny_y_transposed_D<dval>( \
-                dis, x, y, y_sqlen, d_offset, ny);
-
-    switch (d) {
-        DISPATCH(1)
-        DISPATCH(2)
-        DISPATCH(4)
-        DISPATCH(8)
-        default:
-            return fvec_L2sqr_ny_y_transposed_ref(
-                    dis, x, y, y_sqlen, d, d_offset, ny);
-    }
-#undef DISPATCH
-#else
-    // non-AVX2 case
-    return fvec_L2sqr_ny_y_transposed_ref(dis, x, y, y_sqlen, d, d_offset, ny);
-#endif
-}
-
-#if defined(__AVX512F__)
-
-size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_D2(
-        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    // this implementation does not use distances_tmp_buffer.
-
-    size_t i = 0;
-    float current_min_distance = HUGE_VALF;
-    size_t current_min_index = 0;
-
-    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
-    if (ny16 > 0) {
-        _mm_prefetch((const char*)y, _MM_HINT_T0);
-        _mm_prefetch((const char*)(y + 32), _MM_HINT_T0);
-
-        __m512 min_distances = _mm512_set1_ps(HUGE_VALF);
-        __m512i min_indices = _mm512_set1_epi32(0);
-
-        __m512i current_indices = _mm512_setr_epi32(
-                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15);
-        const __m512i indices_increment = _mm512_set1_epi32(16);
-
-        const __m512 m0 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[0]);
-        const __m512 m1 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[1]);
-
-        for (; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
-            _mm_prefetch((const char*)(y + 64), _MM_HINT_T0);
-
-            __m512 v0;
-            __m512 v1;
-
-            transpose_16x2(
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 16),
-                    v0,
-                    v1);
-
-            const __m512 d0 = _mm512_sub_ps(m0, v0);
-            const __m512 d1 = _mm512_sub_ps(m1, v1);
-
-            __m512 distances = _mm512_mul_ps(d0, d0);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d1, d1, distances);
-
-            __mmask16 comparison =
-                    _mm512_cmp_ps_mask(distances, min_distances, _CMP_LT_OS);
-
-            min_distances = _mm512_min_ps(distances, min_distances);
-            min_indices = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(
-                    comparison, min_indices, current_indices);
-
-            current_indices =
-                    _mm512_add_epi32(current_indices, indices_increment);
-
-            y += 32;
-        }
-
-        alignas(64) float min_distances_scalar[16];
-        alignas(64) uint32_t min_indices_scalar[16];
-        _mm512_store_ps(min_distances_scalar, min_distances);
-        _mm512_store_epi32(min_indices_scalar, min_indices);
-
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
-            if (current_min_distance > min_distances_scalar[j]) {
-                current_min_distance = min_distances_scalar[j];
-                current_min_index = min_indices_scalar[j];
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        float x0 = x[0];
-        float x1 = x[1];
-
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            float sub0 = x0 - y[0];
-            float sub1 = x1 - y[1];
-            float distance = sub0 * sub0 + sub1 * sub1;
-
-            y += 2;
-
-            if (current_min_distance > distance) {
-                current_min_distance = distance;
-                current_min_index = i;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return current_min_index;
-}
-
-size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_D4(
-        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    // this implementation does not use distances_tmp_buffer.
-
-    size_t i = 0;
-    float current_min_distance = HUGE_VALF;
-    size_t current_min_index = 0;
-
-    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
-
-    if (ny16 > 0) {
-        __m512 min_distances = _mm512_set1_ps(HUGE_VALF);
-        __m512i min_indices = _mm512_set1_epi32(0);
-
-        __m512i current_indices = _mm512_setr_epi32(
-                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15);
-        const __m512i indices_increment = _mm512_set1_epi32(16);
-
-        const __m512 m0 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[0]);
-        const __m512 m1 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[1]);
-        const __m512 m2 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[2]);
-        const __m512 m3 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[3]);
-
-        for (; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
-            __m512 v0;
-            __m512 v1;
-            __m512 v2;
-            __m512 v3;
-
-            transpose_16x4(
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 2 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 3 * 16),
-                    v0,
-                    v1,
-                    v2,
-                    v3);
-
-            const __m512 d0 = _mm512_sub_ps(m0, v0);
-            const __m512 d1 = _mm512_sub_ps(m1, v1);
-            const __m512 d2 = _mm512_sub_ps(m2, v2);
-            const __m512 d3 = _mm512_sub_ps(m3, v3);
-
-            __m512 distances = _mm512_mul_ps(d0, d0);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d1, d1, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d2, d2, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d3, d3, distances);
-
-            __mmask16 comparison =
-                    _mm512_cmp_ps_mask(distances, min_distances, _CMP_LT_OS);
-
-            min_distances = _mm512_min_ps(distances, min_distances);
-            min_indices = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(
-                    comparison, min_indices, current_indices);
-
-            current_indices =
-                    _mm512_add_epi32(current_indices, indices_increment);
-
-            y += 64;
-        }
-
-        alignas(64) float min_distances_scalar[16];
-        alignas(64) uint32_t min_indices_scalar[16];
-        _mm512_store_ps(min_distances_scalar, min_distances);
-        _mm512_store_epi32(min_indices_scalar, min_indices);
-
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
-            if (current_min_distance > min_distances_scalar[j]) {
-                current_min_distance = min_distances_scalar[j];
-                current_min_index = min_indices_scalar[j];
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        __m128 x0 = _mm_loadu_ps(x);
-
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            __m128 accu = ElementOpL2::op(x0, _mm_loadu_ps(y));
-            y += 4;
-            const float distance = horizontal_sum(accu);
-
-            if (current_min_distance > distance) {
-                current_min_distance = distance;
-                current_min_index = i;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return current_min_index;
-}
-
-size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_D8(
-        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    // this implementation does not use distances_tmp_buffer.
-
-    size_t i = 0;
-    float current_min_distance = HUGE_VALF;
-    size_t current_min_index = 0;
-
-    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
-    if (ny16 > 0) {
-        __m512 min_distances = _mm512_set1_ps(HUGE_VALF);
-        __m512i min_indices = _mm512_set1_epi32(0);
-
-        __m512i current_indices = _mm512_setr_epi32(
-                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15);
-        const __m512i indices_increment = _mm512_set1_epi32(16);
-
-        const __m512 m0 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[0]);
-        const __m512 m1 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[1]);
-        const __m512 m2 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[2]);
-        const __m512 m3 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[3]);
-
-        const __m512 m4 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[4]);
-        const __m512 m5 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[5]);
-        const __m512 m6 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[6]);
-        const __m512 m7 = _mm512_set1_ps(x[7]);
-
-        for (; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
-            __m512 v0;
-            __m512 v1;
-            __m512 v2;
-            __m512 v3;
-            __m512 v4;
-            __m512 v5;
-            __m512 v6;
-            __m512 v7;
-
-            transpose_16x8(
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 2 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 3 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 4 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 5 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 6 * 16),
-                    _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 7 * 16),
-                    v0,
-                    v1,
-                    v2,
-                    v3,
-                    v4,
-                    v5,
-                    v6,
-                    v7);
-
-            const __m512 d0 = _mm512_sub_ps(m0, v0);
-            const __m512 d1 = _mm512_sub_ps(m1, v1);
-            const __m512 d2 = _mm512_sub_ps(m2, v2);
-            const __m512 d3 = _mm512_sub_ps(m3, v3);
-            const __m512 d4 = _mm512_sub_ps(m4, v4);
-            const __m512 d5 = _mm512_sub_ps(m5, v5);
-            const __m512 d6 = _mm512_sub_ps(m6, v6);
-            const __m512 d7 = _mm512_sub_ps(m7, v7);
-
-            __m512 distances = _mm512_mul_ps(d0, d0);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d1, d1, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d2, d2, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d3, d3, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d4, d4, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d5, d5, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d6, d6, distances);
-            distances = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d7, d7, distances);
-
-            __mmask16 comparison =
-                    _mm512_cmp_ps_mask(distances, min_distances, _CMP_LT_OS);
-
-            min_distances = _mm512_min_ps(distances, min_distances);
-            min_indices = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(
-                    comparison, min_indices, current_indices);
-
-            current_indices =
-                    _mm512_add_epi32(current_indices, indices_increment);
-
-            y += 128;
-        }
-
-        alignas(64) float min_distances_scalar[16];
-        alignas(64) uint32_t min_indices_scalar[16];
-        _mm512_store_ps(min_distances_scalar, min_distances);
-        _mm512_store_epi32(min_indices_scalar, min_indices);
-
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
-            if (current_min_distance > min_distances_scalar[j]) {
-                current_min_distance = min_distances_scalar[j];
-                current_min_index = min_indices_scalar[j];
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        __m256 x0 = _mm256_loadu_ps(x);
-
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            __m256 accu = ElementOpL2::op(x0, _mm256_loadu_ps(y));
-            y += 8;
-            const float distance = horizontal_sum(accu);
-
-            if (current_min_distance > distance) {
-                current_min_distance = distance;
-                current_min_index = i;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return current_min_index;
-}
-
-#elif defined(__AVX2__)
-
-size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_D2(
-        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    // this implementation does not use distances_tmp_buffer.
-
-    // current index being processed
-    size_t i = 0;
-
-    // min distance and the index of the closest vector so far
-    float current_min_distance = HUGE_VALF;
-    size_t current_min_index = 0;
-
-    // process 8 D2-vectors per loop.
-    const size_t ny8 = ny / 8;
-    if (ny8 > 0) {
-        _mm_prefetch((const char*)y, _MM_HINT_T0);
-        _mm_prefetch((const char*)(y + 16), _MM_HINT_T0);
-
-        // track min distance and the closest vector independently
-        // for each of 8 AVX2 components.
-        __m256 min_distances = _mm256_set1_ps(HUGE_VALF);
-        __m256i min_indices = _mm256_set1_epi32(0);
-
-        __m256i current_indices = _mm256_setr_epi32(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7);
-        const __m256i indices_increment = _mm256_set1_epi32(8);
-
-        // 1 value per register
-        const __m256 m0 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[0]);
-        const __m256 m1 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[1]);
-
-        for (; i < ny8 * 8; i += 8) {
-            _mm_prefetch((const char*)(y + 32), _MM_HINT_T0);
-
-            __m256 v0;
-            __m256 v1;
-
-            transpose_8x2(
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 8),
-                    v0,
-                    v1);
-
-            // compute differences
-            const __m256 d0 = _mm256_sub_ps(m0, v0);
-            const __m256 d1 = _mm256_sub_ps(m1, v1);
-
-            // compute squares of differences
-            __m256 distances = _mm256_mul_ps(d0, d0);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d1, d1, distances);
-
-            // compare the new distances to the min distances
-            // for each of 8 AVX2 components.
-            __m256 comparison =
-                    _mm256_cmp_ps(min_distances, distances, _CMP_LT_OS);
-
-            // update min distances and indices with closest vectors if needed.
-            min_distances = _mm256_min_ps(distances, min_distances);
-            min_indices = _mm256_castps_si256(_mm256_blendv_ps(
-                    _mm256_castsi256_ps(current_indices),
-                    _mm256_castsi256_ps(min_indices),
-                    comparison));
-
-            // update current indices values. Basically, +8 to each of the
-            // 8 AVX2 components.
-            current_indices =
-                    _mm256_add_epi32(current_indices, indices_increment);
-
-            // scroll y forward (8 vectors 2 DIM each).
-            y += 16;
-        }
-
-        // dump values and find the minimum distance / minimum index
-        float min_distances_scalar[8];
-        uint32_t min_indices_scalar[8];
-        _mm256_storeu_ps(min_distances_scalar, min_distances);
-        _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i*)(min_indices_scalar), min_indices);
-
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
-            if (current_min_distance > min_distances_scalar[j]) {
-                current_min_distance = min_distances_scalar[j];
-                current_min_index = min_indices_scalar[j];
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        // process leftovers.
-        // the following code is not optimal, but it is rarely invoked.
-        float x0 = x[0];
-        float x1 = x[1];
-
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            float sub0 = x0 - y[0];
-            float sub1 = x1 - y[1];
-            float distance = sub0 * sub0 + sub1 * sub1;
-
-            y += 2;
-
-            if (current_min_distance > distance) {
-                current_min_distance = distance;
-                current_min_index = i;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return current_min_index;
-}
-
-size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_D4(
-        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    // this implementation does not use distances_tmp_buffer.
-
-    // current index being processed
-    size_t i = 0;
-
-    // min distance and the index of the closest vector so far
-    float current_min_distance = HUGE_VALF;
-    size_t current_min_index = 0;
-
-    // process 8 D4-vectors per loop.
-    const size_t ny8 = ny / 8;
-
-    if (ny8 > 0) {
-        // track min distance and the closest vector independently
-        // for each of 8 AVX2 components.
-        __m256 min_distances = _mm256_set1_ps(HUGE_VALF);
-        __m256i min_indices = _mm256_set1_epi32(0);
-
-        __m256i current_indices = _mm256_setr_epi32(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7);
-        const __m256i indices_increment = _mm256_set1_epi32(8);
-
-        // 1 value per register
-        const __m256 m0 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[0]);
-        const __m256 m1 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[1]);
-        const __m256 m2 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[2]);
-        const __m256 m3 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[3]);
-
-        for (; i < ny8 * 8; i += 8) {
-            __m256 v0;
-            __m256 v1;
-            __m256 v2;
-            __m256 v3;
-
-            transpose_8x4(
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 2 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 3 * 8),
-                    v0,
-                    v1,
-                    v2,
-                    v3);
-
-            // compute differences
-            const __m256 d0 = _mm256_sub_ps(m0, v0);
-            const __m256 d1 = _mm256_sub_ps(m1, v1);
-            const __m256 d2 = _mm256_sub_ps(m2, v2);
-            const __m256 d3 = _mm256_sub_ps(m3, v3);
-
-            // compute squares of differences
-            __m256 distances = _mm256_mul_ps(d0, d0);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d1, d1, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d2, d2, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d3, d3, distances);
-
-            // compare the new distances to the min distances
-            // for each of 8 AVX2 components.
-            __m256 comparison =
-                    _mm256_cmp_ps(min_distances, distances, _CMP_LT_OS);
-
-            // update min distances and indices with closest vectors if needed.
-            min_distances = _mm256_min_ps(distances, min_distances);
-            min_indices = _mm256_castps_si256(_mm256_blendv_ps(
-                    _mm256_castsi256_ps(current_indices),
-                    _mm256_castsi256_ps(min_indices),
-                    comparison));
-
-            // update current indices values. Basically, +8 to each of the
-            // 8 AVX2 components.
-            current_indices =
-                    _mm256_add_epi32(current_indices, indices_increment);
-
-            // scroll y forward (8 vectors 4 DIM each).
-            y += 32;
-        }
-
-        // dump values and find the minimum distance / minimum index
-        float min_distances_scalar[8];
-        uint32_t min_indices_scalar[8];
-        _mm256_storeu_ps(min_distances_scalar, min_distances);
-        _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i*)(min_indices_scalar), min_indices);
-
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
-            if (current_min_distance > min_distances_scalar[j]) {
-                current_min_distance = min_distances_scalar[j];
-                current_min_index = min_indices_scalar[j];
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        // process leftovers
-        __m128 x0 = _mm_loadu_ps(x);
-
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            __m128 accu = ElementOpL2::op(x0, _mm_loadu_ps(y));
-            y += 4;
-            const float distance = horizontal_sum(accu);
-
-            if (current_min_distance > distance) {
-                current_min_distance = distance;
-                current_min_index = i;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return current_min_index;
-}
-
-size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_D8(
-        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    // this implementation does not use distances_tmp_buffer.
-
-    // current index being processed
-    size_t i = 0;
-
-    // min distance and the index of the closest vector so far
-    float current_min_distance = HUGE_VALF;
-    size_t current_min_index = 0;
-
-    // process 8 D8-vectors per loop.
-    const size_t ny8 = ny / 8;
-    if (ny8 > 0) {
-        // track min distance and the closest vector independently
-        // for each of 8 AVX2 components.
-        __m256 min_distances = _mm256_set1_ps(HUGE_VALF);
-        __m256i min_indices = _mm256_set1_epi32(0);
-
-        __m256i current_indices = _mm256_setr_epi32(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7);
-        const __m256i indices_increment = _mm256_set1_epi32(8);
-
-        // 1 value per register
-        const __m256 m0 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[0]);
-        const __m256 m1 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[1]);
-        const __m256 m2 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[2]);
-        const __m256 m3 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[3]);
-
-        const __m256 m4 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[4]);
-        const __m256 m5 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[5]);
-        const __m256 m6 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[6]);
-        const __m256 m7 = _mm256_set1_ps(x[7]);
-
-        for (; i < ny8 * 8; i += 8) {
-            __m256 v0;
-            __m256 v1;
-            __m256 v2;
-            __m256 v3;
-            __m256 v4;
-            __m256 v5;
-            __m256 v6;
-            __m256 v7;
-
-            transpose_8x8(
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 0 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 1 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 2 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 3 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 4 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 5 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 6 * 8),
-                    _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 7 * 8),
-                    v0,
-                    v1,
-                    v2,
-                    v3,
-                    v4,
-                    v5,
-                    v6,
-                    v7);
-
-            // compute differences
-            const __m256 d0 = _mm256_sub_ps(m0, v0);
-            const __m256 d1 = _mm256_sub_ps(m1, v1);
-            const __m256 d2 = _mm256_sub_ps(m2, v2);
-            const __m256 d3 = _mm256_sub_ps(m3, v3);
-            const __m256 d4 = _mm256_sub_ps(m4, v4);
-            const __m256 d5 = _mm256_sub_ps(m5, v5);
-            const __m256 d6 = _mm256_sub_ps(m6, v6);
-            const __m256 d7 = _mm256_sub_ps(m7, v7);
-
-            // compute squares of differences
-            __m256 distances = _mm256_mul_ps(d0, d0);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d1, d1, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d2, d2, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d3, d3, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d4, d4, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d5, d5, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d6, d6, distances);
-            distances = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d7, d7, distances);
-
-            // compare the new distances to the min distances
-            // for each of 8 AVX2 components.
-            __m256 comparison =
-                    _mm256_cmp_ps(min_distances, distances, _CMP_LT_OS);
-
-            // update min distances and indices with closest vectors if needed.
-            min_distances = _mm256_min_ps(distances, min_distances);
-            min_indices = _mm256_castps_si256(_mm256_blendv_ps(
-                    _mm256_castsi256_ps(current_indices),
-                    _mm256_castsi256_ps(min_indices),
-                    comparison));
-
-            // update current indices values. Basically, +8 to each of the
-            // 8 AVX2 components.
-            current_indices =
-                    _mm256_add_epi32(current_indices, indices_increment);
-
-            // scroll y forward (8 vectors 8 DIM each).
-            y += 64;
-        }
-
-        // dump values and find the minimum distance / minimum index
-        float min_distances_scalar[8];
-        uint32_t min_indices_scalar[8];
-        _mm256_storeu_ps(min_distances_scalar, min_distances);
-        _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i*)(min_indices_scalar), min_indices);
-
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
-            if (current_min_distance > min_distances_scalar[j]) {
-                current_min_distance = min_distances_scalar[j];
-                current_min_index = min_indices_scalar[j];
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        // process leftovers
-        __m256 x0 = _mm256_loadu_ps(x);
-
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            __m256 accu = ElementOpL2::op(x0, _mm256_loadu_ps(y));
-            y += 8;
-            const float distance = horizontal_sum(accu);
-
-            if (current_min_distance > distance) {
-                current_min_distance = distance;
-                current_min_index = i;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return current_min_index;
-}
-
-#else
-size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_D2(
-        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    return fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_ref(distances_tmp_buffer, x, y, 2, ny);
-}
-
-size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_D4(
-        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    return fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_ref(distances_tmp_buffer, x, y, 4, ny);
-}
-
-size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_D8(
-        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    return fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_ref(distances_tmp_buffer, x, y, 8, ny);
-}
-#endif
-
-size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest(
-        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t ny) {
-    // optimized for a few special cases
-#define DISPATCH(dval) \
-    case dval:         \
-        return fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_D##dval(distances_tmp_buffer, x, y, ny);
-
-    switch (d) {
-        DISPATCH(2)
-        DISPATCH(4)
-        DISPATCH(8)
-        default:
-            return fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_ref(distances_tmp_buffer, x, y, d, ny);
-    }
-#undef DISPATCH
-}
-
-#if defined(__AVX512F__)
-
-template <size_t DIM>
-size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_y_transposed_D(
-        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        const float* y_sqlen,
-        const size_t d_offset,
-        size_t ny) {
-    // This implementation does not use distances_tmp_buffer.
-
-    // Current index being processed
-    size_t i = 0;
-
-    // Min distance and the index of the closest vector so far
-    float current_min_distance = HUGE_VALF;
-    size_t current_min_index = 0;
-
-    // Process 16 vectors per loop
-    const size_t ny16 = ny / 16;
-
-    if (ny16 > 0) {
-        // Track min distance and the closest vector independently
-        // for each of 16 AVX-512 components.
-        __m512 min_distances = _mm512_set1_ps(HUGE_VALF);
-        __m512i min_indices = _mm512_set1_epi32(0);
-
-        __m512i current_indices = _mm512_setr_epi32(
-                0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15);
-        const __m512i indices_increment = _mm512_set1_epi32(16);
-
-        // m[i] = (2 * x[i], ... 2 * x[i])
-        __m512 m[DIM];
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < DIM; j++) {
-            m[j] = _mm512_set1_ps(x[j]);
-            m[j] = _mm512_add_ps(m[j], m[j]);
-        }
-
-        for (; i < ny16 * 16; i += 16) {
-            // Compute dot products
-            const __m512 v0 = _mm512_loadu_ps(y + 0 * d_offset);
-            __m512 dp = _mm512_mul_ps(m[0], v0);
-            for (size_t j = 1; j < DIM; j++) {
-                const __m512 vj = _mm512_loadu_ps(y + j * d_offset);
-                dp = _mm512_fmadd_ps(m[j], vj, dp);
-            }
-
-            // Compute y^2 - (2 * x, y), which is sufficient for looking for the
-            // lowest distance.
-            // x^2 is the constant that can be avoided.
-            const __m512 distances =
-                    _mm512_sub_ps(_mm512_loadu_ps(y_sqlen), dp);
-
-            // Compare the new distances to the min distances
-            __mmask16 comparison =
-                    _mm512_cmp_ps_mask(min_distances, distances, _CMP_LT_OS);
-
-            // Update min distances and indices with closest vectors if needed
-            min_distances =
-                    _mm512_mask_blend_ps(comparison, distances, min_distances);
-            min_indices = _mm512_castps_si512(_mm512_mask_blend_ps(
-                    comparison,
-                    _mm512_castsi512_ps(current_indices),
-                    _mm512_castsi512_ps(min_indices)));
-
-            // Update current indices values. Basically, +16 to each of the 16
-            // AVX-512 components.
-            current_indices =
-                    _mm512_add_epi32(current_indices, indices_increment);
-
-            // Scroll y and y_sqlen forward.
-            y += 16;
-            y_sqlen += 16;
-        }
-
-        // Dump values and find the minimum distance / minimum index
-        float min_distances_scalar[16];
-        uint32_t min_indices_scalar[16];
-        _mm512_storeu_ps(min_distances_scalar, min_distances);
-        _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i*)(min_indices_scalar), min_indices);
-
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
-            if (current_min_distance > min_distances_scalar[j]) {
-                current_min_distance = min_distances_scalar[j];
-                current_min_index = min_indices_scalar[j];
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        // Process leftovers
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            float dp = 0;
-            for (size_t j = 0; j < DIM; j++) {
-                dp += x[j] * y[j * d_offset];
-            }
-
-            // Compute y^2 - 2 * (x, y), which is sufficient for looking for the
-            // lowest distance.
-            const float distance = y_sqlen[0] - 2 * dp;
-
-            if (current_min_distance > distance) {
-                current_min_distance = distance;
-                current_min_index = i;
-            }
-
-            y += 1;
-            y_sqlen += 1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return current_min_index;
-}
-
-#elif defined(__AVX2__)
-
-template <size_t DIM>
-size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_y_transposed_D(
-        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        const float* y_sqlen,
-        const size_t d_offset,
-        size_t ny) {
-    // this implementation does not use distances_tmp_buffer.
-
-    // current index being processed
-    size_t i = 0;
-
-    // min distance and the index of the closest vector so far
-    float current_min_distance = HUGE_VALF;
-    size_t current_min_index = 0;
-
-    // process 8 vectors per loop.
-    const size_t ny8 = ny / 8;
-
-    if (ny8 > 0) {
-        // track min distance and the closest vector independently
-        // for each of 8 AVX2 components.
-        __m256 min_distances = _mm256_set1_ps(HUGE_VALF);
-        __m256i min_indices = _mm256_set1_epi32(0);
-
-        __m256i current_indices = _mm256_setr_epi32(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7);
-        const __m256i indices_increment = _mm256_set1_epi32(8);
-
-        // m[i] = (2 * x[i], ... 2 * x[i])
-        __m256 m[DIM];
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < DIM; j++) {
-            m[j] = _mm256_set1_ps(x[j]);
-            m[j] = _mm256_add_ps(m[j], m[j]);
-        }
-
-        for (; i < ny8 * 8; i += 8) {
-            // collect dim 0 for 8 D4-vectors.
-            const __m256 v0 = _mm256_loadu_ps(y + 0 * d_offset);
-            // compute dot products
-            __m256 dp = _mm256_mul_ps(m[0], v0);
-
-            for (size_t j = 1; j < DIM; j++) {
-                // collect dim j for 8 D4-vectors.
-                const __m256 vj = _mm256_loadu_ps(y + j * d_offset);
-                dp = _mm256_fmadd_ps(m[j], vj, dp);
-            }
-
-            // compute y^2 - (2 * x, y), which is sufficient for looking for the
-            //   lowest distance.
-            // x^2 is the constant that can be avoided.
-            const __m256 distances =
-                    _mm256_sub_ps(_mm256_loadu_ps(y_sqlen), dp);
-
-            // compare the new distances to the min distances
-            // for each of 8 AVX2 components.
-            const __m256 comparison =
-                    _mm256_cmp_ps(min_distances, distances, _CMP_LT_OS);
-
-            // update min distances and indices with closest vectors if needed.
-            min_distances =
-                    _mm256_blendv_ps(distances, min_distances, comparison);
-            min_indices = _mm256_castps_si256(_mm256_blendv_ps(
-                    _mm256_castsi256_ps(current_indices),
-                    _mm256_castsi256_ps(min_indices),
-                    comparison));
-
-            // update current indices values. Basically, +8 to each of the
-            // 8 AVX2 components.
-            current_indices =
-                    _mm256_add_epi32(current_indices, indices_increment);
-
-            // scroll y and y_sqlen forward.
-            y += 8;
-            y_sqlen += 8;
-        }
-
-        // dump values and find the minimum distance / minimum index
-        float min_distances_scalar[8];
-        uint32_t min_indices_scalar[8];
-        _mm256_storeu_ps(min_distances_scalar, min_distances);
-        _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i*)(min_indices_scalar), min_indices);
-
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
-            if (current_min_distance > min_distances_scalar[j]) {
-                current_min_distance = min_distances_scalar[j];
-                current_min_index = min_indices_scalar[j];
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i < ny) {
-        // process leftovers
-        for (; i < ny; i++) {
-            float dp = 0;
-            for (size_t j = 0; j < DIM; j++) {
-                dp += x[j] * y[j * d_offset];
-            }
-
-            // compute y^2 - 2 * (x, y), which is sufficient for looking for the
-            //   lowest distance.
-            const float distance = y_sqlen[0] - 2 * dp;
-
-            if (current_min_distance > distance) {
-                current_min_distance = distance;
-                current_min_index = i;
-            }
-
-            y += 1;
-            y_sqlen += 1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return current_min_index;
-}
-
-#endif
-
-size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_y_transposed(
-        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        const float* y_sqlen,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t d_offset,
-        size_t ny) {
-    // optimized for a few special cases
-#ifdef __AVX2__
-#define DISPATCH(dval)                                     \
-    case dval:                                             \
-        return fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_y_transposed_D<dval>( \
-                distances_tmp_buffer, x, y, y_sqlen, d_offset, ny);
-
-    switch (d) {
-        DISPATCH(1)
-        DISPATCH(2)
-        DISPATCH(4)
-        DISPATCH(8)
-        default:
-            return fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_y_transposed_ref(
-                    distances_tmp_buffer, x, y, y_sqlen, d, d_offset, ny);
-    }
-#undef DISPATCH
-#else
-    // non-AVX2 case
-    return fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_y_transposed_ref(
-            distances_tmp_buffer, x, y, y_sqlen, d, d_offset, ny);
-#endif
-}
-
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_AVX
-
-float fvec_L1(const float* x, const float* y, size_t d) {
-    __m256 msum1 = _mm256_setzero_ps();
-    // signmask used for absolute value
-    __m256 signmask = _mm256_castsi256_ps(_mm256_set1_epi32(0x7fffffffUL));
-
-    while (d >= 8) {
-        __m256 mx = _mm256_loadu_ps(x);
-        x += 8;
-        __m256 my = _mm256_loadu_ps(y);
-        y += 8;
-        // subtract
-        const __m256 a_m_b = _mm256_sub_ps(mx, my);
-        // find sum of absolute value of distances (manhattan distance)
-        msum1 = _mm256_add_ps(msum1, _mm256_and_ps(signmask, a_m_b));
-        d -= 8;
-    }
-
-    __m128 msum2 = _mm256_extractf128_ps(msum1, 1);
-    msum2 = _mm_add_ps(msum2, _mm256_extractf128_ps(msum1, 0));
-    __m128 signmask2 = _mm_castsi128_ps(_mm_set1_epi32(0x7fffffffUL));
-
-    if (d >= 4) {
-        __m128 mx = _mm_loadu_ps(x);
-        x += 4;
-        __m128 my = _mm_loadu_ps(y);
-        y += 4;
-        const __m128 a_m_b = _mm_sub_ps(mx, my);
-        msum2 = _mm_add_ps(msum2, _mm_and_ps(signmask2, a_m_b));
-        d -= 4;
-    }
-
-    if (d > 0) {
-        __m128 mx = masked_read(d, x);
-        __m128 my = masked_read(d, y);
-        __m128 a_m_b = _mm_sub_ps(mx, my);
-        msum2 = _mm_add_ps(msum2, _mm_and_ps(signmask2, a_m_b));
-    }
-
-    msum2 = _mm_hadd_ps(msum2, msum2);
-    msum2 = _mm_hadd_ps(msum2, msum2);
-    return _mm_cvtss_f32(msum2);
-}
-
-float fvec_Linf(const float* x, const float* y, size_t d) {
-    __m256 msum1 = _mm256_setzero_ps();
-    // signmask used for absolute value
-    __m256 signmask = _mm256_castsi256_ps(_mm256_set1_epi32(0x7fffffffUL));
-
-    while (d >= 8) {
-        __m256 mx = _mm256_loadu_ps(x);
-        x += 8;
-        __m256 my = _mm256_loadu_ps(y);
-        y += 8;
-        // subtract
-        const __m256 a_m_b = _mm256_sub_ps(mx, my);
-        // find max of absolute value of distances (chebyshev distance)
-        msum1 = _mm256_max_ps(msum1, _mm256_and_ps(signmask, a_m_b));
-        d -= 8;
-    }
-
-    __m128 msum2 = _mm256_extractf128_ps(msum1, 1);
-    msum2 = _mm_max_ps(msum2, _mm256_extractf128_ps(msum1, 0));
-    __m128 signmask2 = _mm_castsi128_ps(_mm_set1_epi32(0x7fffffffUL));
-
-    if (d >= 4) {
-        __m128 mx = _mm_loadu_ps(x);
-        x += 4;
-        __m128 my = _mm_loadu_ps(y);
-        y += 4;
-        const __m128 a_m_b = _mm_sub_ps(mx, my);
-        msum2 = _mm_max_ps(msum2, _mm_and_ps(signmask2, a_m_b));
-        d -= 4;
-    }
-
-    if (d > 0) {
-        __m128 mx = masked_read(d, x);
-        __m128 my = masked_read(d, y);
-        __m128 a_m_b = _mm_sub_ps(mx, my);
-        msum2 = _mm_max_ps(msum2, _mm_and_ps(signmask2, a_m_b));
-    }
-
-    msum2 = _mm_max_ps(_mm_movehl_ps(msum2, msum2), msum2);
-    msum2 = _mm_max_ps(msum2, _mm_shuffle_ps(msum2, msum2, 1));
-    return _mm_cvtss_f32(msum2);
-}
-
-#elif defined(__SSE3__) // But not AVX
-
-float fvec_L1(const float* x, const float* y, size_t d) {
-    return fvec_L1_ref(x, y, d);
-}
-
-float fvec_Linf(const float* x, const float* y, size_t d) {
-    return fvec_Linf_ref(x, y, d);
-}
-
-#elif defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
-
-struct ElementOpIP {
-    static svfloat32_t op(svbool_t pg, svfloat32_t x, svfloat32_t y) {
-        return svmul_f32_x(pg, x, y);
-    }
-    static svfloat32_t merge(
-            svbool_t pg,
-            svfloat32_t z,
-            svfloat32_t x,
-            svfloat32_t y) {
-        return svmla_f32_x(pg, z, x, y);
-    }
-};
-
-template <typename ElementOp>
-void fvec_op_ny_sve_d1(float* dis, const float* x, const float* y, size_t ny) {
-    const size_t lanes = svcntw();
-    const size_t lanes2 = lanes * 2;
-    const size_t lanes3 = lanes * 3;
-    const size_t lanes4 = lanes * 4;
-    const svbool_t pg = svptrue_b32();
-    const svfloat32_t x0 = svdup_n_f32(x[0]);
-    size_t i = 0;
-    for (; i + lanes4 < ny; i += lanes4) {
-        svfloat32_t y0 = svld1_f32(pg, y);
-        svfloat32_t y1 = svld1_f32(pg, y + lanes);
-        svfloat32_t y2 = svld1_f32(pg, y + lanes2);
-        svfloat32_t y3 = svld1_f32(pg, y + lanes3);
-        y0 = ElementOp::op(pg, x0, y0);
-        y1 = ElementOp::op(pg, x0, y1);
-        y2 = ElementOp::op(pg, x0, y2);
-        y3 = ElementOp::op(pg, x0, y3);
-        svst1_f32(pg, dis, y0);
-        svst1_f32(pg, dis + lanes, y1);
-        svst1_f32(pg, dis + lanes2, y2);
-        svst1_f32(pg, dis + lanes3, y3);
-        y += lanes4;
-        dis += lanes4;
-    }
-    const svbool_t pg0 = svwhilelt_b32_u64(i, ny);
-    const svbool_t pg1 = svwhilelt_b32_u64(i + lanes, ny);
-    const svbool_t pg2 = svwhilelt_b32_u64(i + lanes2, ny);
-    const svbool_t pg3 = svwhilelt_b32_u64(i + lanes3, ny);
-    svfloat32_t y0 = svld1_f32(pg0, y);
-    svfloat32_t y1 = svld1_f32(pg1, y + lanes);
-    svfloat32_t y2 = svld1_f32(pg2, y + lanes2);
-    svfloat32_t y3 = svld1_f32(pg3, y + lanes3);
-    y0 = ElementOp::op(pg0, x0, y0);
-    y1 = ElementOp::op(pg1, x0, y1);
-    y2 = ElementOp::op(pg2, x0, y2);
-    y3 = ElementOp::op(pg3, x0, y3);
-    svst1_f32(pg0, dis, y0);
-    svst1_f32(pg1, dis + lanes, y1);
-    svst1_f32(pg2, dis + lanes2, y2);
-    svst1_f32(pg3, dis + lanes3, y3);
-}
-
-template <typename ElementOp>
-void fvec_op_ny_sve_d2(float* dis, const float* x, const float* y, size_t ny) {
-    const size_t lanes = svcntw();
-    const size_t lanes2 = lanes * 2;
-    const size_t lanes4 = lanes * 4;
-    const svbool_t pg = svptrue_b32();
-    const svfloat32_t x0 = svdup_n_f32(x[0]);
-    const svfloat32_t x1 = svdup_n_f32(x[1]);
-    size_t i = 0;
-    for (; i + lanes2 < ny; i += lanes2) {
-        const svfloat32x2_t y0 = svld2_f32(pg, y);
-        const svfloat32x2_t y1 = svld2_f32(pg, y + lanes2);
-        svfloat32_t y00 = svget2_f32(y0, 0);
-        const svfloat32_t y01 = svget2_f32(y0, 1);
-        svfloat32_t y10 = svget2_f32(y1, 0);
-        const svfloat32_t y11 = svget2_f32(y1, 1);
-        y00 = ElementOp::op(pg, x0, y00);
-        y10 = ElementOp::op(pg, x0, y10);
-        y00 = ElementOp::merge(pg, y00, x1, y01);
-        y10 = ElementOp::merge(pg, y10, x1, y11);
-        svst1_f32(pg, dis, y00);
-        svst1_f32(pg, dis + lanes, y10);
-        y += lanes4;
-        dis += lanes2;
-    }
-    const svbool_t pg0 = svwhilelt_b32_u64(i, ny);
-    const svbool_t pg1 = svwhilelt_b32_u64(i + lanes, ny);
-    const svfloat32x2_t y0 = svld2_f32(pg0, y);
-    const svfloat32x2_t y1 = svld2_f32(pg1, y + lanes2);
-    svfloat32_t y00 = svget2_f32(y0, 0);
-    const svfloat32_t y01 = svget2_f32(y0, 1);
-    svfloat32_t y10 = svget2_f32(y1, 0);
-    const svfloat32_t y11 = svget2_f32(y1, 1);
-    y00 = ElementOp::op(pg0, x0, y00);
-    y10 = ElementOp::op(pg1, x0, y10);
-    y00 = ElementOp::merge(pg0, y00, x1, y01);
-    y10 = ElementOp::merge(pg1, y10, x1, y11);
-    svst1_f32(pg0, dis, y00);
-    svst1_f32(pg1, dis + lanes, y10);
-}
-
-template <typename ElementOp>
-void fvec_op_ny_sve_d4(float* dis, const float* x, const float* y, size_t ny) {
-    const size_t lanes = svcntw();
-    const size_t lanes4 = lanes * 4;
-    const svbool_t pg = svptrue_b32();
-    const svfloat32_t x0 = svdup_n_f32(x[0]);
-    const svfloat32_t x1 = svdup_n_f32(x[1]);
-    const svfloat32_t x2 = svdup_n_f32(x[2]);
-    const svfloat32_t x3 = svdup_n_f32(x[3]);
-    size_t i = 0;
-    for (; i + lanes < ny; i += lanes) {
-        const svfloat32x4_t y0 = svld4_f32(pg, y);
-        svfloat32_t y00 = svget4_f32(y0, 0);
-        const svfloat32_t y01 = svget4_f32(y0, 1);
-        svfloat32_t y02 = svget4_f32(y0, 2);
-        const svfloat32_t y03 = svget4_f32(y0, 3);
-        y00 = ElementOp::op(pg, x0, y00);
-        y02 = ElementOp::op(pg, x2, y02);
-        y00 = ElementOp::merge(pg, y00, x1, y01);
-        y02 = ElementOp::merge(pg, y02, x3, y03);
-        y00 = svadd_f32_x(pg, y00, y02);
-        svst1_f32(pg, dis, y00);
-        y += lanes4;
-        dis += lanes;
-    }
-    const svbool_t pg0 = svwhilelt_b32_u64(i, ny);
-    const svfloat32x4_t y0 = svld4_f32(pg0, y);
-    svfloat32_t y00 = svget4_f32(y0, 0);
-    const svfloat32_t y01 = svget4_f32(y0, 1);
-    svfloat32_t y02 = svget4_f32(y0, 2);
-    const svfloat32_t y03 = svget4_f32(y0, 3);
-    y00 = ElementOp::op(pg0, x0, y00);
-    y02 = ElementOp::op(pg0, x2, y02);
-    y00 = ElementOp::merge(pg0, y00, x1, y01);
-    y02 = ElementOp::merge(pg0, y02, x3, y03);
-    y00 = svadd_f32_x(pg0, y00, y02);
-    svst1_f32(pg0, dis, y00);
-}
-
-template <typename ElementOp>
-void fvec_op_ny_sve_d8(float* dis, const float* x, const float* y, size_t ny) {
-    const size_t lanes = svcntw();
-    const size_t lanes4 = lanes * 4;
-    const size_t lanes8 = lanes * 8;
-    const svbool_t pg = svptrue_b32();
-    const svfloat32_t x0 = svdup_n_f32(x[0]);
-    const svfloat32_t x1 = svdup_n_f32(x[1]);
-    const svfloat32_t x2 = svdup_n_f32(x[2]);
-    const svfloat32_t x3 = svdup_n_f32(x[3]);
-    const svfloat32_t x4 = svdup_n_f32(x[4]);
-    const svfloat32_t x5 = svdup_n_f32(x[5]);
-    const svfloat32_t x6 = svdup_n_f32(x[6]);
-    const svfloat32_t x7 = svdup_n_f32(x[7]);
-    size_t i = 0;
-    for (; i + lanes < ny; i += lanes) {
-        const svfloat32x4_t ya = svld4_f32(pg, y);
-        const svfloat32x4_t yb = svld4_f32(pg, y + lanes4);
-        const svfloat32_t ya0 = svget4_f32(ya, 0);
-        const svfloat32_t ya1 = svget4_f32(ya, 1);
-        const svfloat32_t ya2 = svget4_f32(ya, 2);
-        const svfloat32_t ya3 = svget4_f32(ya, 3);
-        const svfloat32_t yb0 = svget4_f32(yb, 0);
-        const svfloat32_t yb1 = svget4_f32(yb, 1);
-        const svfloat32_t yb2 = svget4_f32(yb, 2);
-        const svfloat32_t yb3 = svget4_f32(yb, 3);
-        svfloat32_t y0 = svuzp1(ya0, yb0);
-        const svfloat32_t y1 = svuzp1(ya1, yb1);
-        svfloat32_t y2 = svuzp1(ya2, yb2);
-        const svfloat32_t y3 = svuzp1(ya3, yb3);
-        svfloat32_t y4 = svuzp2(ya0, yb0);
-        const svfloat32_t y5 = svuzp2(ya1, yb1);
-        svfloat32_t y6 = svuzp2(ya2, yb2);
-        const svfloat32_t y7 = svuzp2(ya3, yb3);
-        y0 = ElementOp::op(pg, x0, y0);
-        y2 = ElementOp::op(pg, x2, y2);
-        y4 = ElementOp::op(pg, x4, y4);
-        y6 = ElementOp::op(pg, x6, y6);
-        y0 = ElementOp::merge(pg, y0, x1, y1);
-        y2 = ElementOp::merge(pg, y2, x3, y3);
-        y4 = ElementOp::merge(pg, y4, x5, y5);
-        y6 = ElementOp::merge(pg, y6, x7, y7);
-        y0 = svadd_f32_x(pg, y0, y2);
-        y4 = svadd_f32_x(pg, y4, y6);
-        y0 = svadd_f32_x(pg, y0, y4);
-        svst1_f32(pg, dis, y0);
-        y += lanes8;
-        dis += lanes;
-    }
-    const svbool_t pg0 = svwhilelt_b32_u64(i, ny);
-    const svbool_t pga = svwhilelt_b32_u64(i * 2, ny * 2);
-    const svbool_t pgb = svwhilelt_b32_u64(i * 2 + lanes, ny * 2);
-    const svfloat32x4_t ya = svld4_f32(pga, y);
-    const svfloat32x4_t yb = svld4_f32(pgb, y + lanes4);
-    const svfloat32_t ya0 = svget4_f32(ya, 0);
-    const svfloat32_t ya1 = svget4_f32(ya, 1);
-    const svfloat32_t ya2 = svget4_f32(ya, 2);
-    const svfloat32_t ya3 = svget4_f32(ya, 3);
-    const svfloat32_t yb0 = svget4_f32(yb, 0);
-    const svfloat32_t yb1 = svget4_f32(yb, 1);
-    const svfloat32_t yb2 = svget4_f32(yb, 2);
-    const svfloat32_t yb3 = svget4_f32(yb, 3);
-    svfloat32_t y0 = svuzp1(ya0, yb0);
-    const svfloat32_t y1 = svuzp1(ya1, yb1);
-    svfloat32_t y2 = svuzp1(ya2, yb2);
-    const svfloat32_t y3 = svuzp1(ya3, yb3);
-    svfloat32_t y4 = svuzp2(ya0, yb0);
-    const svfloat32_t y5 = svuzp2(ya1, yb1);
-    svfloat32_t y6 = svuzp2(ya2, yb2);
-    const svfloat32_t y7 = svuzp2(ya3, yb3);
-    y0 = ElementOp::op(pg0, x0, y0);
-    y2 = ElementOp::op(pg0, x2, y2);
-    y4 = ElementOp::op(pg0, x4, y4);
-    y6 = ElementOp::op(pg0, x6, y6);
-    y0 = ElementOp::merge(pg0, y0, x1, y1);
-    y2 = ElementOp::merge(pg0, y2, x3, y3);
-    y4 = ElementOp::merge(pg0, y4, x5, y5);
-    y6 = ElementOp::merge(pg0, y6, x7, y7);
-    y0 = svadd_f32_x(pg0, y0, y2);
-    y4 = svadd_f32_x(pg0, y4, y6);
-    y0 = svadd_f32_x(pg0, y0, y4);
-    svst1_f32(pg0, dis, y0);
-    y += lanes8;
-    dis += lanes;
-}
-
-template <typename ElementOp>
-void fvec_op_ny_sve_lanes1(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    const size_t lanes = svcntw();
-    const size_t lanes2 = lanes * 2;
-    const size_t lanes3 = lanes * 3;
-    const size_t lanes4 = lanes * 4;
-    const svbool_t pg = svptrue_b32();
-    const svfloat32_t x0 = svld1_f32(pg, x);
-    size_t i = 0;
-    for (; i + 3 < ny; i += 4) {
-        svfloat32_t y0 = svld1_f32(pg, y);
-        svfloat32_t y1 = svld1_f32(pg, y + lanes);
-        svfloat32_t y2 = svld1_f32(pg, y + lanes2);
-        svfloat32_t y3 = svld1_f32(pg, y + lanes3);
-        y += lanes4;
-        y0 = ElementOp::op(pg, x0, y0);
-        y1 = ElementOp::op(pg, x0, y1);
-        y2 = ElementOp::op(pg, x0, y2);
-        y3 = ElementOp::op(pg, x0, y3);
-        dis[i] = svaddv_f32(pg, y0);
-        dis[i + 1] = svaddv_f32(pg, y1);
-        dis[i + 2] = svaddv_f32(pg, y2);
-        dis[i + 3] = svaddv_f32(pg, y3);
-    }
-    for (; i < ny; ++i) {
-        svfloat32_t y0 = svld1_f32(pg, y);
-        y += lanes;
-        y0 = ElementOp::op(pg, x0, y0);
-        dis[i] = svaddv_f32(pg, y0);
-    }
-}
-
-template <typename ElementOp>
-void fvec_op_ny_sve_lanes2(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    const size_t lanes = svcntw();
-    const size_t lanes2 = lanes * 2;
-    const size_t lanes3 = lanes * 3;
-    const size_t lanes4 = lanes * 4;
-    const svbool_t pg = svptrue_b32();
-    const svfloat32_t x0 = svld1_f32(pg, x);
-    const svfloat32_t x1 = svld1_f32(pg, x + lanes);
-    size_t i = 0;
-    for (; i + 1 < ny; i += 2) {
-        svfloat32_t y00 = svld1_f32(pg, y);
-        const svfloat32_t y01 = svld1_f32(pg, y + lanes);
-        svfloat32_t y10 = svld1_f32(pg, y + lanes2);
-        const svfloat32_t y11 = svld1_f32(pg, y + lanes3);
-        y += lanes4;
-        y00 = ElementOp::op(pg, x0, y00);
-        y10 = ElementOp::op(pg, x0, y10);
-        y00 = ElementOp::merge(pg, y00, x1, y01);
-        y10 = ElementOp::merge(pg, y10, x1, y11);
-        dis[i] = svaddv_f32(pg, y00);
-        dis[i + 1] = svaddv_f32(pg, y10);
-    }
-    if (i < ny) {
-        svfloat32_t y0 = svld1_f32(pg, y);
-        const svfloat32_t y1 = svld1_f32(pg, y + lanes);
-        y0 = ElementOp::op(pg, x0, y0);
-        y0 = ElementOp::merge(pg, y0, x1, y1);
-        dis[i] = svaddv_f32(pg, y0);
-    }
-}
-
-template <typename ElementOp>
-void fvec_op_ny_sve_lanes3(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    const size_t lanes = svcntw();
-    const size_t lanes2 = lanes * 2;
-    const size_t lanes3 = lanes * 3;
-    const svbool_t pg = svptrue_b32();
-    const svfloat32_t x0 = svld1_f32(pg, x);
-    const svfloat32_t x1 = svld1_f32(pg, x + lanes);
-    const svfloat32_t x2 = svld1_f32(pg, x + lanes2);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < ny; ++i) {
-        svfloat32_t y0 = svld1_f32(pg, y);
-        const svfloat32_t y1 = svld1_f32(pg, y + lanes);
-        svfloat32_t y2 = svld1_f32(pg, y + lanes2);
-        y += lanes3;
-        y0 = ElementOp::op(pg, x0, y0);
-        y0 = ElementOp::merge(pg, y0, x1, y1);
-        y0 = ElementOp::merge(pg, y0, x2, y2);
-        dis[i] = svaddv_f32(pg, y0);
-    }
-}
-
-template <typename ElementOp>
-void fvec_op_ny_sve_lanes4(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t ny) {
-    const size_t lanes = svcntw();
-    const size_t lanes2 = lanes * 2;
-    const size_t lanes3 = lanes * 3;
-    const size_t lanes4 = lanes * 4;
-    const svbool_t pg = svptrue_b32();
-    const svfloat32_t x0 = svld1_f32(pg, x);
-    const svfloat32_t x1 = svld1_f32(pg, x + lanes);
-    const svfloat32_t x2 = svld1_f32(pg, x + lanes2);
-    const svfloat32_t x3 = svld1_f32(pg, x + lanes3);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < ny; ++i) {
-        svfloat32_t y0 = svld1_f32(pg, y);
-        const svfloat32_t y1 = svld1_f32(pg, y + lanes);
-        svfloat32_t y2 = svld1_f32(pg, y + lanes2);
-        const svfloat32_t y3 = svld1_f32(pg, y + lanes3);
-        y += lanes4;
-        y0 = ElementOp::op(pg, x0, y0);
-        y2 = ElementOp::op(pg, x2, y2);
-        y0 = ElementOp::merge(pg, y0, x1, y1);
-        y2 = ElementOp::merge(pg, y2, x3, y3);
-        y0 = svadd_f32_x(pg, y0, y2);
-        dis[i] = svaddv_f32(pg, y0);
-    }
-}
-
-void fvec_L2sqr_ny(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t ny) {
-    fvec_L2sqr_ny_ref(dis, x, y, d, ny);
-}
-
-void fvec_L2sqr_ny_transposed(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        const float* y_sqlen,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t d_offset,
-        size_t ny) {
-    return fvec_L2sqr_ny_y_transposed_ref(dis, x, y, y_sqlen, d, d_offset, ny);
-}
-
-size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest(
-        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t ny) {
-    return fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_ref(distances_tmp_buffer, x, y, d, ny);
-}
-
-size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_y_transposed(
-        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        const float* y_sqlen,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t d_offset,
-        size_t ny) {
-    return fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_y_transposed_ref(
-            distances_tmp_buffer, x, y, y_sqlen, d, d_offset, ny);
-}
-
-float fvec_L1(const float* x, const float* y, size_t d) {
-    return fvec_L1_ref(x, y, d);
-}
-
-float fvec_Linf(const float* x, const float* y, size_t d) {
-    return fvec_Linf_ref(x, y, d);
-}
-
-void fvec_inner_products_ny(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t ny) {
-    const size_t lanes = svcntw();
-    switch (d) {
-        case 1:
-            fvec_op_ny_sve_d1<ElementOpIP>(dis, x, y, ny);
-            break;
-        case 2:
-            fvec_op_ny_sve_d2<ElementOpIP>(dis, x, y, ny);
-            break;
-        case 4:
-            fvec_op_ny_sve_d4<ElementOpIP>(dis, x, y, ny);
-            break;
-        case 8:
-            fvec_op_ny_sve_d8<ElementOpIP>(dis, x, y, ny);
-            break;
-        default:
-            if (d == lanes)
-                fvec_op_ny_sve_lanes1<ElementOpIP>(dis, x, y, ny);
-            else if (d == lanes * 2)
-                fvec_op_ny_sve_lanes2<ElementOpIP>(dis, x, y, ny);
-            else if (d == lanes * 3)
-                fvec_op_ny_sve_lanes3<ElementOpIP>(dis, x, y, ny);
-            else if (d == lanes * 4)
-                fvec_op_ny_sve_lanes4<ElementOpIP>(dis, x, y, ny);
-            else
-                fvec_inner_products_ny_ref(dis, x, y, d, ny);
-            break;
-    }
-}
-
-#elif defined(__aarch64__)
-
-// not optimized for ARM
-void fvec_L2sqr_ny(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t ny) {
-    fvec_L2sqr_ny_ref(dis, x, y, d, ny);
-}
-
-void fvec_L2sqr_ny_transposed(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        const float* y_sqlen,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t d_offset,
-        size_t ny) {
-    return fvec_L2sqr_ny_y_transposed_ref(dis, x, y, y_sqlen, d, d_offset, ny);
-}
-
-size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest(
-        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t ny) {
-    return fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_ref(distances_tmp_buffer, x, y, d, ny);
-}
-
-size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_y_transposed(
-        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        const float* y_sqlen,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t d_offset,
-        size_t ny) {
-    return fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_y_transposed_ref(
-            distances_tmp_buffer, x, y, y_sqlen, d, d_offset, ny);
-}
-
-float fvec_L1(const float* x, const float* y, size_t d) {
-    return fvec_L1_ref(x, y, d);
-}
-
-float fvec_Linf(const float* x, const float* y, size_t d) {
-    return fvec_Linf_ref(x, y, d);
-}
-
-void fvec_inner_products_ny(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t ny) {
-    fvec_inner_products_ny_ref(dis, x, y, d, ny);
-}
-
-#else
-// scalar implementation
-
-float fvec_L1(const float* x, const float* y, size_t d) {
-    return fvec_L1_ref(x, y, d);
-}
-
-float fvec_Linf(const float* x, const float* y, size_t d) {
-    return fvec_Linf_ref(x, y, d);
-}
-
-void fvec_L2sqr_ny(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t ny) {
-    fvec_L2sqr_ny_ref(dis, x, y, d, ny);
-}
-
-void fvec_L2sqr_ny_transposed(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        const float* y_sqlen,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t d_offset,
-        size_t ny) {
-    return fvec_L2sqr_ny_y_transposed_ref(dis, x, y, y_sqlen, d, d_offset, ny);
-}
-
-size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest(
-        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t ny) {
-    return fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_ref(distances_tmp_buffer, x, y, d, ny);
-}
-
-size_t fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_y_transposed(
-        float* distances_tmp_buffer,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        const float* y_sqlen,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t d_offset,
-        size_t ny) {
-    return fvec_L2sqr_ny_nearest_y_transposed_ref(
-            distances_tmp_buffer, x, y, y_sqlen, d, d_offset, ny);
-}
-
-void fvec_inner_products_ny(
-        float* dis,
-        const float* x,
-        const float* y,
-        size_t d,
-        size_t ny) {
-    fvec_inner_products_ny_ref(dis, x, y, d, ny);
-}
-
-#endif
-
-/***************************************************************************
- * heavily optimized table computations
- ***************************************************************************/
-
-[[maybe_unused]] static inline void fvec_madd_ref(
-        size_t n,
-        const float* a,
-        float bf,
-        const float* b,
-        float* c) {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        c[i] = a[i] + bf * b[i];
-    }
-}
-
-#if defined(__AVX512F__)
-
-static inline void fvec_madd_avx512(
-        const size_t n,
-        const float* __restrict a,
-        const float bf,
-        const float* __restrict b,
-        float* __restrict c) {
-    const size_t n16 = n / 16;
-    const size_t n_for_masking = n % 16;
-
-    const __m512 bfmm = _mm512_set1_ps(bf);
-
-    size_t idx = 0;
-    for (idx = 0; idx < n16 * 16; idx += 16) {
-        const __m512 ax = _mm512_loadu_ps(a + idx);
-        const __m512 bx = _mm512_loadu_ps(b + idx);
-        const __m512 abmul = _mm512_fmadd_ps(bfmm, bx, ax);
-        _mm512_storeu_ps(c + idx, abmul);
-    }
-
-    if (n_for_masking > 0) {
-        const __mmask16 mask = (1 << n_for_masking) - 1;
-
-        const __m512 ax = _mm512_maskz_loadu_ps(mask, a + idx);
-        const __m512 bx = _mm512_maskz_loadu_ps(mask, b + idx);
-        const __m512 abmul = _mm512_fmadd_ps(bfmm, bx, ax);
-        _mm512_mask_storeu_ps(c + idx, mask, abmul);
-    }
-}
-
-#elif defined(__AVX2__)
-
-static inline void fvec_madd_avx2(
-        const size_t n,
-        const float* __restrict a,
-        const float bf,
-        const float* __restrict b,
-        float* __restrict c) {
-    //
-    const size_t n8 = n / 8;
-    const size_t n_for_masking = n % 8;
-
-    const __m256 bfmm = _mm256_set1_ps(bf);
-
-    size_t idx = 0;
-    for (idx = 0; idx < n8 * 8; idx += 8) {
-        const __m256 ax = _mm256_loadu_ps(a + idx);
-        const __m256 bx = _mm256_loadu_ps(b + idx);
-        const __m256 abmul = _mm256_fmadd_ps(bfmm, bx, ax);
-        _mm256_storeu_ps(c + idx, abmul);
-    }
-
-    if (n_for_masking > 0) {
-        __m256i mask;
-        switch (n_for_masking) {
-            case 1:
-                mask = _mm256_set_epi32(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1);
-                break;
-            case 2:
-                mask = _mm256_set_epi32(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, -1);
-                break;
-            case 3:
-                mask = _mm256_set_epi32(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, -1, -1);
-                break;
-            case 4:
-                mask = _mm256_set_epi32(0, 0, 0, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1);
-                break;
-            case 5:
-                mask = _mm256_set_epi32(0, 0, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1);
-                break;
-            case 6:
-                mask = _mm256_set_epi32(0, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1);
-                break;
-            case 7:
-                mask = _mm256_set_epi32(0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1);
-                break;
-        }
-
-        const __m256 ax = _mm256_maskload_ps(a + idx, mask);
-        const __m256 bx = _mm256_maskload_ps(b + idx, mask);
-        const __m256 abmul = _mm256_fmadd_ps(bfmm, bx, ax);
-        _mm256_maskstore_ps(c + idx, mask, abmul);
-    }
-}
-
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __SSE3__
-
-[[maybe_unused]] static inline void fvec_madd_sse(
-        size_t n,
-        const float* a,
-        float bf,
-        const float* b,
-        float* c) {
-    n >>= 2;
-    __m128 bf4 = _mm_set_ps1(bf);
-    __m128* a4 = (__m128*)a;
-    __m128* b4 = (__m128*)b;
-    __m128* c4 = (__m128*)c;
-
-    while (n--) {
-        *c4 = _mm_add_ps(*a4, _mm_mul_ps(bf4, *b4));
-        b4++;
-        a4++;
-        c4++;
-    }
-}
-
-void fvec_madd(size_t n, const float* a, float bf, const float* b, float* c) {
-#ifdef __AVX512F__
-    fvec_madd_avx512(n, a, bf, b, c);
-#elif __AVX2__
-    fvec_madd_avx2(n, a, bf, b, c);
-#else
-    if ((n & 3) == 0 && ((((long)a) | ((long)b) | ((long)c)) & 15) == 0)
-        fvec_madd_sse(n, a, bf, b, c);
-    else
-        fvec_madd_ref(n, a, bf, b, c);
-#endif
-}
-
-#elif defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
-
-void fvec_madd(
-        const size_t n,
-        const float* __restrict a,
-        const float bf,
-        const float* __restrict b,
-        float* __restrict c) {
-    const size_t lanes = static_cast<size_t>(svcntw());
-    const size_t lanes2 = lanes * 2;
-    const size_t lanes3 = lanes * 3;
-    const size_t lanes4 = lanes * 4;
-    size_t i = 0;
-    for (; i + lanes4 < n; i += lanes4) {
-        const auto mask = svptrue_b32();
-        const auto ai0 = svld1_f32(mask, a + i);
-        const auto ai1 = svld1_f32(mask, a + i + lanes);
-        const auto ai2 = svld1_f32(mask, a + i + lanes2);
-        const auto ai3 = svld1_f32(mask, a + i + lanes3);
-        const auto bi0 = svld1_f32(mask, b + i);
-        const auto bi1 = svld1_f32(mask, b + i + lanes);
-        const auto bi2 = svld1_f32(mask, b + i + lanes2);
-        const auto bi3 = svld1_f32(mask, b + i + lanes3);
-        const auto ci0 = svmla_n_f32_x(mask, ai0, bi0, bf);
-        const auto ci1 = svmla_n_f32_x(mask, ai1, bi1, bf);
-        const auto ci2 = svmla_n_f32_x(mask, ai2, bi2, bf);
-        const auto ci3 = svmla_n_f32_x(mask, ai3, bi3, bf);
-        svst1_f32(mask, c + i, ci0);
-        svst1_f32(mask, c + i + lanes, ci1);
-        svst1_f32(mask, c + i + lanes2, ci2);
-        svst1_f32(mask, c + i + lanes3, ci3);
-    }
-    const auto mask0 = svwhilelt_b32_u64(i, n);
-    const auto mask1 = svwhilelt_b32_u64(i + lanes, n);
-    const auto mask2 = svwhilelt_b32_u64(i + lanes2, n);
-    const auto mask3 = svwhilelt_b32_u64(i + lanes3, n);
-    const auto ai0 = svld1_f32(mask0, a + i);
-    const auto ai1 = svld1_f32(mask1, a + i + lanes);
-    const auto ai2 = svld1_f32(mask2, a + i + lanes2);
-    const auto ai3 = svld1_f32(mask3, a + i + lanes3);
-    const auto bi0 = svld1_f32(mask0, b + i);
-    const auto bi1 = svld1_f32(mask1, b + i + lanes);
-    const auto bi2 = svld1_f32(mask2, b + i + lanes2);
-    const auto bi3 = svld1_f32(mask3, b + i + lanes3);
-    const auto ci0 = svmla_n_f32_x(mask0, ai0, bi0, bf);
-    const auto ci1 = svmla_n_f32_x(mask1, ai1, bi1, bf);
-    const auto ci2 = svmla_n_f32_x(mask2, ai2, bi2, bf);
-    const auto ci3 = svmla_n_f32_x(mask3, ai3, bi3, bf);
-    svst1_f32(mask0, c + i, ci0);
-    svst1_f32(mask1, c + i + lanes, ci1);
-    svst1_f32(mask2, c + i + lanes2, ci2);
-    svst1_f32(mask3, c + i + lanes3, ci3);
-}
-
-#elif defined(__aarch64__)
-
-void fvec_madd(size_t n, const float* a, float bf, const float* b, float* c) {
-    const size_t n_simd = n - (n & 3);
-    const float32x4_t bfv = vdupq_n_f32(bf);
-    size_t i;
-    for (i = 0; i < n_simd; i += 4) {
-        const float32x4_t ai = vld1q_f32(a + i);
-        const float32x4_t bi = vld1q_f32(b + i);
-        const float32x4_t ci = vfmaq_f32(ai, bfv, bi);
-        vst1q_f32(c + i, ci);
-    }
-    for (; i < n; ++i)
-        c[i] = a[i] + bf * b[i];
-}
-
-#else
-
-void fvec_madd(size_t n, const float* a, float bf, const float* b, float* c) {
-    fvec_madd_ref(n, a, bf, b, c);
-}
-
-#endif
-
-static inline int fvec_madd_and_argmin_ref(
-        size_t n,
-        const float* a,
-        float bf,
-        const float* b,
-        float* c) {
-    float vmin = 1e20;
-    int imin = -1;
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        c[i] = a[i] + bf * b[i];
-        if (c[i] < vmin) {
-            vmin = c[i];
-            imin = i;
-        }
-    }
-    return imin;
-}
-
-#ifdef __SSE3__
-
-static inline int fvec_madd_and_argmin_sse(
-        size_t n,
-        const float* a,
-        float bf,
-        const float* b,
-        float* c) {
-    n >>= 2;
-    __m128 bf4 = _mm_set_ps1(bf);
-    __m128 vmin4 = _mm_set_ps1(1e20);
-    __m128i imin4 = _mm_set1_epi32(-1);
-    __m128i idx4 = _mm_set_epi32(3, 2, 1, 0);
-    __m128i inc4 = _mm_set1_epi32(4);
-    __m128* a4 = (__m128*)a;
-    __m128* b4 = (__m128*)b;
-    __m128* c4 = (__m128*)c;
-
-    while (n--) {
-        __m128 vc4 = _mm_add_ps(*a4, _mm_mul_ps(bf4, *b4));
-        *c4 = vc4;
-        __m128i mask = _mm_castps_si128(_mm_cmpgt_ps(vmin4, vc4));
-        // imin4 = _mm_blendv_epi8 (imin4, idx4, mask); // slower!
-
-        imin4 = _mm_or_si128(
-                _mm_and_si128(mask, idx4), _mm_andnot_si128(mask, imin4));
-        vmin4 = _mm_min_ps(vmin4, vc4);
-        b4++;
-        a4++;
-        c4++;
-        idx4 = _mm_add_epi32(idx4, inc4);
-    }
-
-    // 4 values -> 2
-    {
-        idx4 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(imin4, 3 << 2 | 2);
-        __m128 vc4 = _mm_shuffle_ps(vmin4, vmin4, 3 << 2 | 2);
-        __m128i mask = _mm_castps_si128(_mm_cmpgt_ps(vmin4, vc4));
-        imin4 = _mm_or_si128(
-                _mm_and_si128(mask, idx4), _mm_andnot_si128(mask, imin4));
-        vmin4 = _mm_min_ps(vmin4, vc4);
-    }
-    // 2 values -> 1
-    {
-        idx4 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(imin4, 1);
-        __m128 vc4 = _mm_shuffle_ps(vmin4, vmin4, 1);
-        __m128i mask = _mm_castps_si128(_mm_cmpgt_ps(vmin4, vc4));
-        imin4 = _mm_or_si128(
-                _mm_and_si128(mask, idx4), _mm_andnot_si128(mask, imin4));
-        // vmin4 = _mm_min_ps (vmin4, vc4);
-    }
-    return _mm_cvtsi128_si32(imin4);
-}
-
-int fvec_madd_and_argmin(
-        size_t n,
-        const float* a,
-        float bf,
-        const float* b,
-        float* c) {
-    if ((n & 3) == 0 && ((((long)a) | ((long)b) | ((long)c)) & 15) == 0) {
-        return fvec_madd_and_argmin_sse(n, a, bf, b, c);
-    } else {
-        return fvec_madd_and_argmin_ref(n, a, bf, b, c);
-    }
-}
-
-#elif defined(__aarch64__)
-
-int fvec_madd_and_argmin(
-        size_t n,
-        const float* a,
-        float bf,
-        const float* b,
-        float* c) {
-    float32x4_t vminv = vdupq_n_f32(1e20);
-    uint32x4_t iminv = vdupq_n_u32(static_cast<uint32_t>(-1));
-    size_t i;
-    {
-        const size_t n_simd = n - (n & 3);
-        const uint32_t iota[] = {0, 1, 2, 3};
-        uint32x4_t iv = vld1q_u32(iota);
-        const uint32x4_t incv = vdupq_n_u32(4);
-        const float32x4_t bfv = vdupq_n_f32(bf);
-        for (i = 0; i < n_simd; i += 4) {
-            const float32x4_t ai = vld1q_f32(a + i);
-            const float32x4_t bi = vld1q_f32(b + i);
-            const float32x4_t ci = vfmaq_f32(ai, bfv, bi);
-            vst1q_f32(c + i, ci);
-            const uint32x4_t less_than = vcltq_f32(ci, vminv);
-            vminv = vminq_f32(ci, vminv);
-            iminv = vorrq_u32(
-                    vandq_u32(less_than, iv),
-                    vandq_u32(vmvnq_u32(less_than), iminv));
-            iv = vaddq_u32(iv, incv);
-        }
-    }
-    float vmin = vminvq_f32(vminv);
-    uint32_t imin;
-    {
-        const float32x4_t vminy = vdupq_n_f32(vmin);
-        const uint32x4_t equals = vceqq_f32(vminv, vminy);
-        imin = vminvq_u32(vorrq_u32(
-                vandq_u32(equals, iminv),
-                vandq_u32(
-                        vmvnq_u32(equals),
-                        vdupq_n_u32(std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()))));
-    }
-    for (; i < n; ++i) {
-        c[i] = a[i] + bf * b[i];
-        if (c[i] < vmin) {
-            vmin = c[i];
-            imin = static_cast<uint32_t>(i);
-        }
-    }
-    return static_cast<int>(imin);
-}
-
-#else
-
-int fvec_madd_and_argmin(
-        size_t n,
-        const float* a,
-        float bf,
-        const float* b,
-        float* c) {
-    return fvec_madd_and_argmin_ref(n, a, bf, b, c);
-}
-
-#endif
+namespace faiss {
 
 /***************************************************************************
  * PQ tables computations