eventmachine 1.0.0.beta.3-x86-mswin32-60 → 1.0.0.beta.4.1-x86-mswin32-60

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Files changed (98) hide show
  1. data/.gitignore +5 -0
  2. data/.yardopts +5 -1
  3. data/{docs/GNU → GNU} +0 -0
  4. data/Gemfile +1 -0
  5. data/{docs/COPYING → LICENSE} +0 -0
  6. data/README.md +109 -0
  7. data/Rakefile +8 -0
  8. data/docs/DocumentationGuidesIndex.md +27 -0
  9. data/docs/GettingStarted.md +521 -0
  10. data/docs/{ChangeLog → old/ChangeLog} +0 -0
  11. data/docs/{DEFERRABLES → old/DEFERRABLES} +0 -0
  12. data/docs/{EPOLL → old/EPOLL} +0 -0
  13. data/docs/{INSTALL → old/INSTALL} +0 -0
  14. data/docs/{KEYBOARD → old/KEYBOARD} +0 -0
  15. data/docs/{LEGAL → old/LEGAL} +0 -0
  16. data/docs/{LIGHTWEIGHT_CONCURRENCY → old/LIGHTWEIGHT_CONCURRENCY} +0 -0
  17. data/docs/{PURE_RUBY → old/PURE_RUBY} +0 -0
  18. data/docs/{RELEASE_NOTES → old/RELEASE_NOTES} +0 -0
  19. data/docs/{SMTP → old/SMTP} +0 -0
  20. data/docs/{SPAWNED_PROCESSES → old/SPAWNED_PROCESSES} +0 -0
  21. data/docs/{TODO → old/TODO} +0 -0
  22. data/eventmachine.gemspec +5 -2
  23. data/examples/guides/getting_started/01_eventmachine_echo_server.rb +18 -0
  24. data/examples/guides/getting_started/02_eventmachine_echo_server_that_recognizes_exit_command.rb +22 -0
  25. data/examples/guides/getting_started/03_simple_chat_server.rb +149 -0
  26. data/examples/guides/getting_started/04_simple_chat_server_step_one.rb +27 -0
  27. data/examples/guides/getting_started/05_simple_chat_server_step_two.rb +43 -0
  28. data/examples/guides/getting_started/06_simple_chat_server_step_three.rb +98 -0
  29. data/examples/guides/getting_started/07_simple_chat_server_step_four.rb +121 -0
  30. data/examples/guides/getting_started/08_simple_chat_server_step_five.rb +141 -0
  31. data/examples/{ex_channel.rb → old/ex_channel.rb} +3 -3
  32. data/examples/{ex_queue.rb → old/ex_queue.rb} +0 -0
  33. data/examples/{ex_tick_loop_array.rb → old/ex_tick_loop_array.rb} +0 -0
  34. data/examples/{ex_tick_loop_counter.rb → old/ex_tick_loop_counter.rb} +0 -0
  35. data/examples/{helper.rb → old/helper.rb} +0 -0
  36. data/ext/cmain.cpp +3 -3
  37. data/ext/ed.cpp +90 -15
  38. data/ext/ed.h +5 -5
  39. data/ext/em.cpp +48 -56
  40. data/ext/em.h +12 -2
  41. data/ext/extconf.rb +3 -3
  42. data/ext/fastfilereader/extconf.rb +1 -1
  43. data/ext/pipe.cpp +2 -2
  44. data/ext/project.h +1 -1
  45. data/ext/rubymain.cpp +48 -3
  46. data/ext/ssl.cpp +5 -0
  47. data/java/src/com/rubyeventmachine/EmReactor.java +2 -2
  48. data/lib/em/buftok.rb +35 -63
  49. data/lib/em/callback.rb +43 -11
  50. data/lib/em/channel.rb +21 -14
  51. data/lib/em/completion.rb +304 -0
  52. data/lib/em/connection.rb +339 -209
  53. data/lib/em/deferrable.rb +4 -0
  54. data/lib/em/deferrable/pool.rb +2 -0
  55. data/lib/em/file_watch.rb +37 -18
  56. data/lib/em/iterator.rb +42 -42
  57. data/lib/em/pool.rb +146 -0
  58. data/lib/em/process_watch.rb +5 -4
  59. data/lib/em/processes.rb +8 -4
  60. data/lib/em/protocols/httpclient.rb +22 -11
  61. data/lib/em/protocols/httpclient2.rb +15 -5
  62. data/lib/em/protocols/line_protocol.rb +2 -1
  63. data/lib/em/protocols/memcache.rb +17 -9
  64. data/lib/em/protocols/object_protocol.rb +2 -1
  65. data/lib/em/protocols/postgres3.rb +8 -9
  66. data/lib/em/protocols/smtpclient.rb +19 -11
  67. data/lib/em/protocols/smtpserver.rb +1 -1
  68. data/lib/em/protocols/stomp.rb +8 -6
  69. data/lib/em/protocols/tcptest.rb +3 -2
  70. data/lib/em/pure_ruby.rb +212 -208
  71. data/lib/em/queue.rb +22 -13
  72. data/lib/em/resolver.rb +70 -64
  73. data/lib/em/spawnable.rb +6 -3
  74. data/lib/em/streamer.rb +33 -45
  75. data/lib/em/threaded_resource.rb +90 -0
  76. data/lib/em/timers.rb +6 -2
  77. data/lib/em/version.rb +1 -1
  78. data/lib/eventmachine.rb +538 -602
  79. data/lib/jeventmachine.rb +22 -1
  80. data/tasks/package.rake +12 -2
  81. data/tasks/test.rake +1 -0
  82. data/tests/em_test_helper.rb +12 -3
  83. data/tests/test_completion.rb +177 -0
  84. data/tests/test_epoll.rb +2 -2
  85. data/tests/test_httpclient.rb +9 -9
  86. data/tests/test_httpclient2.rb +11 -9
  87. data/tests/test_ltp.rb +2 -10
  88. data/tests/test_pool.rb +128 -0
  89. data/tests/test_processes.rb +20 -2
  90. data/tests/test_queue.rb +8 -0
  91. data/tests/test_resolver.rb +1 -1
  92. data/tests/test_set_sock_opt.rb +37 -0
  93. data/tests/test_shutdown_hooks.rb +23 -0
  94. data/tests/test_threaded_resource.rb +53 -0
  95. data/tests/test_unbind_reason.rb +31 -0
  96. metadata +96 -32
  97. data/README +0 -81
  98. data/tasks/doc.rake +0 -30
data/.gitignore CHANGED
@@ -14,3 +14,8 @@ Makefile
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  *.dSYM
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  java/src/.project
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  *.rbc
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+ Gemfile.lock
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+
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+ .yardoc/*
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+ doc/*
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+
data/.yardopts CHANGED
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
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+ --no-private
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+ --protected
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+ --markup="markdown" lib/**/*.rb
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+ --main README.md
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  --exclude jeventmachine --exclude pure_ruby
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  -
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- docs/DEFERRABLES docs/EPOLL docs/KEYBOARD
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+ docs/*.md
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data/Gemfile CHANGED
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  source :rubygems
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  gemspec
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+
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@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
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+ # About EventMachine #
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+
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+
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+ ## What is EventMachine ##
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+
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+ EventMachine is an event-driven I/O and lightweight concurrency library for Ruby.
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+ It provides event-driven I/O using the [Reactor pattern](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactor_pattern),
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+ much like [JBoss Netty](http://www.jboss.org/netty), [Apache MINA](http://mina.apache.org/),
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+ Python's [Twisted](http://twistedmatrix.com), [Node.js](http://nodejs.org), libevent and libev.
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+
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+ EventMachine is designed to simultaneously meet two key needs:
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+
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+ * Extremely high scalability, performance and stability for the most demanding production environments.
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+ * An API that eliminates the complexities of high-performance threaded network programming,
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+ allowing engineers to concentrate on their application logic.
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+
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+ This unique combination makes EventMachine a premier choice for designers of critical networked
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+ applications, including Web servers and proxies, email and IM production systems, authentication/authorization
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+ processors, and many more.
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+
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+ EventMachine has been around since the early 2000s and is a mature and battle tested library.
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+
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+
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+ ## What EventMachine is good for? ##
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+
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+ * Scalable event-driven servers. Examples: [Thin](http://code.macournoyer.com/thin/) or [Goliath](https://github.com/postrank-labs/goliath/).
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+ * Scalable asynchronous clients for various protocols, RESTful APIs and so on. Examples: [em-http-request](https://github.com/igrigorik/em-http-request) or [amqp gem](https://github.com/ruby-amqp/amqp).
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+ * Efficient network proxies with custom logic. Examples: [Proxymachine](https://github.com/mojombo/proxymachine/).
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+ * File and network monitoring tools. Examples: [eventmachine-tail](https://github.com/jordansissel/eventmachine-tail) and [logstash](https://github.com/logstash/logstash).
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+
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+
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+
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+ ## What platforms are supported by EventMachine? ##
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+
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+ EventMachine supports Ruby 1.8.7, 1.9.2, REE, JRuby and **works well on Windows** as well
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+ as many operating systems from the Unix family (Linux, Mac OS X, BSD flavors).
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+
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+
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+
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+ ## Install the gem ##
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+
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+ Install it with [RubyGems](https://rubygems.org/)
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+
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+ gem install eventmachine
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+
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+ or add this to your Gemfile if you use [Bundler](http://gembundler.com/):
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+
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+ gem "eventmachine"
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+
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+
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+
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+ ## Getting started ##
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+
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+ For an introduction to EventMachine, check out:
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+
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+ * [blog post about EventMachine by Ilya Grigorik](http://www.igvita.com/2008/05/27/ruby-eventmachine-the-speed-demon/).
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+ * [EventMachine Introductions by Dan Sinclair](http://everburning.com/news/eventmachine-introductions/).
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+
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+
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+ ### Server example: Echo server ###
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+
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+ Here's a fully-functional echo server written with EventMachine:
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+
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+ require 'eventmachine'
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+
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+ module EchoServer
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+ def post_init
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+ puts "-- someone connected to the echo server!"
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+ end
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+
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+ def receive_data data
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+ send_data ">>>you sent: #{data}"
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+ close_connection if data =~ /quit/i
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+ end
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+
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+ def unbind
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+ puts "-- someone disconnected from the echo server!"
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+ end
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+ end
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+
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+ # Note that this will block current thread.
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+ EventMachine.run {
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+ EventMachine.start_server "127.0.0.1", 8081, EchoServer
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+ }
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+
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+
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+ ## EventMachine documentation ##
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+
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+ Currently we only have [reference documentation](http://eventmachine.rubyforge.org) and a [wiki](https://github.com/eventmachine/eventmachine/wiki).
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+
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+
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+ ## Community and where to get help ##
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+
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+ * Join the [mailing list](http://groups.google.com/group/eventmachine) (Google Group)
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+ * Join IRC channel #eventmachine on irc.freenode.net
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+
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+
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+ ## License and copyright ##
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+
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+ EventMachine is copyrighted free software made available under the terms
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+ of either the GPL or Ruby's License.
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+
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+ Copyright: (C) 2006-07 by Francis Cianfrocca. All Rights Reserved.
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+
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+
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+ ## Alternatives ##
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+
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+ If you are unhappy with EventMachine and want to use Ruby, check out [Cool.io](http://coolio.github.com/).
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+ One caveat: by May 2011, it did not support JRuby and Windows.
data/Rakefile CHANGED
@@ -4,8 +4,16 @@ import *Dir['tasks/*.rake']
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  GEMSPEC = eval(File.read(File.expand_path('../eventmachine.gemspec', __FILE__)))
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+ require 'yard'
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  require 'rake/clean'
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  task :clobber => :clean
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  desc "Build eventmachine, then run tests."
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  task :default => [:compile, :test]
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+
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+ desc 'Generate documentation'
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+ YARD::Rake::YardocTask.new do |t|
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+ t.files = ['lib/**/*.rb', '-', 'docs/*.md']
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+ t.options = ['--main', 'README.md', '--no-private']
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+ t.options = ['--exclude', 'lib/jeventmachine', '--exclude', 'lib/pr_eventmachine']
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+ end
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+ # EventMachine documentation guides #
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+
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+ Welcome to the documentation guides for [EventMachine](http://github.com/eventmachine/eventmachine),
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+ a fast and simple event-processing library for Ruby programs (à la JBoss Netty, Twisted, Node.js
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+ and so on).
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+
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+ ## Guide list ##
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+
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+ * {file:docs/GettingStarted.md Getting started with EventMachine}
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+ * {file:docs/EventDrivenServers.md Writing event-driven servers}
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+ * {file:docs/EventDrivenClients.md Writing event-driven clients}
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+ * {file:docs/ConnectionFailureAndRecovery.md Connection Failure and Recovery}
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+ * {file:docs/TLS.md TLS (aka SSL)}
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+ * {file:docs/Ecosystem.md EventMachine ecosystem}: Thin, Goliath, em-http-request, em-websockets, Proxymachine and beyond
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+ * {file:docs/BlockingEventLoop.md On blocking the event loop: why it is harmful for performance and how to avoid it}
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+ * {file:docs/LightweightConcurrency.md Lightweight concurrency with EventMachine}
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+ * {file:docs/Deferrables.md Deferrables}
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+ * {file:docs/ModernKernelInputOutputAPIs.md Brief introduction to epoll, kqueue, select}
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+ * {file:docs/WorkingWithOtherIOSources.md Working with other IO sources such as the keyboard}
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+
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+
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+ ## Tell us what you think! ##
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+
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+ Please take a moment and tell us what you think about this guide on the [EventMachine mailing list](http://bit.ly/jW3cR3)
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+ or in the #eventmachine channel on irc.freenode.net: what was unclear? What wasn't covered?
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+ Maybe you don't like the guide style or the grammar and spelling are incorrect? Reader feedback is
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+ key to making documentation better.
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+ # @title Getting Started with Ruby EventMachine
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+ # @markup markdown
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+ # @author Michael S. Klishin, Dan Sinclair
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+
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+ # Getting started with Ruby EventMachine #
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+
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+
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+ ## About this guide ##
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+
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+ This guide is a quick tutorial that helps you to get started with EventMachine for writing event-driven
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+ servers, clients and using it as a lightweight concurrency library.
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+ It should take about 20 minutes to read and study the provided code examples. This guide covers
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+
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+ * Installing EventMachine via [Rubygems](http://rubygems.org) and [Bundler](http://gembundler.com).
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+ * Building an Echo server, the "Hello, world"-like code example of network servers.
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+ * Building a simple chat, both server and client.
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+ * Building a very small asynchronous Websockets client.
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+
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+
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+ ## Covered versions ##
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+
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+ This guide covers EventMachine v0.12.10 and 1.0 (including betas).
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+
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+
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+ ## Level ##
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+
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+ This guide assumes you are comfortable (but not necessary a guru) with the command line. On Microsoft Windows™,
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+ we recommend you to use [JRuby](http://jruby.org) when running these examples.
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+
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+
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+ ## Installing EventMachine ##
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+
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+ ### Make sure you have Ruby installed ###
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+
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+ This guide assumes you have one of the supported Ruby implementations installed:
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+
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+ * Ruby 1.8.7
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+ * Ruby 1.9.2
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+ * [JRuby](http://jruby.org) (we recommend 1.6)
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+ * [Rubinius](http://rubini.us) 1.2 or higher
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+ * [Ruby Enterprise Edition](http://www.rubyenterpriseedition.com)
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+
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+ EventMachine works on Microsoft Windows™.
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+
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+
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+ ### With Rubygems ###
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+
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+ To install the EventMachine gem do
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+
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+ gem install eventmachine
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+
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+
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+ ### With Bundler ###
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+
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+ gem "eventmachine"
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+
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+
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+ ### Verifying your installation ###
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+
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+ Lets verify your installation with this quick IRB session:
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+
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+ irb -rubygems
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+
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+ ruby-1.9.2-p180 :001 > require "eventmachine"
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+ => true
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+ ruby-1.9.2-p180 :002 > EventMachine::VERSION
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+ => "1.0.0.beta.3"
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+
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+
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+ ## An Echo Server Example ##
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+
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+ Lets begin with the classic "Hello, world"-like example, an echo server. The echo server responds clients with the
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+ same data that was provided. First, here's the code:
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+
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+ {include:file:examples/guides/getting\_started/01\_eventmachine\_echo_server.rb}
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+
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+
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+ When run, the server binds to port 10000. We can connect using Telnet and verify it's working:
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+
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+ telnet localhost 10000
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+
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+ On my machine the output looks like:
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+
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+ ~ telnet localhost 10000
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+ Trying 127.0.0.1...
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+ Connected to localhost.
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+ Escape character is '^]'.
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+
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+ Let's send something to our server. Type in "Hello, EventMachine" and hit Enter. The server will respond with
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+ the same string:
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+
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+ ~ telnet localhost 10000
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+ Trying 127.0.0.1...
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+ Connected to localhost.
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+ Escape character is '^]'.
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+ Hello, EventMachine
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+ # (here we hit Enter)
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+ Hello, EventMachine
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+ # (this ^^^ is our echo server reply)
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+
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+ It works! Congratulations, you now can tell your Node.js-loving friends that you "have done some event-driven programming, too".
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+ Oh, and to stop Telnet, hit Control + Shift + ] and then Control + C.
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+
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+ Lets walk this example line by line and see what's going on. These lines
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+
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+ require 'rubygems' # or use Bundler.setup
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+ require 'eventmachine'
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+
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+ probably look familiar: you use [RubyGems](http://rubygems.org) (or [Bundler](http://gembundler.com/)) for dependencies and then require EventMachine gem. Boring.
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+
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+ Next:
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+
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+ class EchoServer < EventMachine::Connection
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+ def receive_data(data)
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+ send_data(data)
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+ end
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+ end
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+
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+ Is the implementation of our echo server. We define a class that inherits from {EventMachine::Connection}
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+ and a handler (aka callback) for one event: when we receive data from a client.
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+
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+ EventMachine handles the connection setup, receiving data and passing it to our handler, {EventMachine::Connection#receive_data}.
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+
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+ Then we implement our protocol logic, which in the case of Echo is pretty trivial: we send back whatever we receive.
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+ To do so, we're using {EventMachine::Connection#send_data}.
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+
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+ Lets modify the example to recognize `exit` command:
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+
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+ {include:file:examples/guides/getting\_started/02\_eventmachine\_echo_server\_that\_recognizes\_exit\_command.rb}
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+
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+ Our `receive\_data` changed slightly and now looks like this:
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+
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+ def receive_data(data)
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+ if data.strip =~ /exit$/i
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+ EventMachine.stop_event_loop
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+ else
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+ send_data(data)
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+ end
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+ end
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+
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+ Because incoming data has trailing newline character, we strip it off before matching it against a simple regular
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+ expression. If the data ends in `exit`, we stop EventMachine event loop with {EventMachine.stop_event_loop}. This unblocks
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+ main thread and it finishes execution, and our little program exits as the result.
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+
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+ To summarize this first example:
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+
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+ * Subclass {EventMachine::Connection} and override {EventMachine::Connection#send_data} to handle incoming data.
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+ * Use {EventMachine.run} to start EventMachine event loop and then bind echo server with {EventMachine.start_server}.
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+ * To stop the event loop, use {EventMachine.stop_event_loop} (aliased as {EventMachine.stop})
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+
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+ Lets move on to a slightly more sophisticated example that will introduce several more features and methods
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+ EventMachine has to offer.
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+
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+
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+ ## A Simple Chat Server Example ##
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+
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+ Next we will write a simple chat. Initially clients will still use telnet to connect, but then we will add little
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+ client application that will serve as a proxy between telnet and the chat server. This example is certainly longer
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+ (~ 150 lines with whitespace and comments) so instead of looking at the final version and going through it line by line,
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+ we will instead begin with a very simple version that only keeps track of connected clients and then add features
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+ as we go.
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+
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+ To set some expectations about our example:
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+
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+ * It will keep track of connected clients
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+ * It will support a couple of commands, à la IRC
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+ * It will support direct messages using Twitter-like @usernames
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+ * It won't use MongoDB, fibers or distributed map/reduce for anything but will be totally [Web Scale™](http://bit.ly/webscaletm) nonetheless. Maybe even [ROFLscale](http://bit.ly/roflscalevideo).
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+
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+ ### Step one: detecting connections and disconnectons ###
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+
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+ First step looks like this:
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+
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+ {include:file:examples/guides/getting\_started/04\_simple\_chat\_server\_step\_one.rb}
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+
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+ We see familiar {EventMachine.run} and {EventMachine.start_server}, but also {EventMachine::Connection#post_init} and {EventMachine::Connection#unbind} we haven't
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+ met yet. We don't use them in this code, so when are they run? Like {EventMachine::Connection#receive_data}, these methods are callbacks. EventMachine calls them
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+ when certain events happen:
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+
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+ * {EventMachine#post_init} is called by the event loop immediately after the network connection has been established.
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+ In the chat server example case, this is when a new client connects.
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+ * {EventMachine#unbind} is called when client disconnects, connection is closed or is lost (because of a network issue, for example).
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+
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+ All our chat server does so far is logging connections or disconnections. What we want it to do next is to keep track of connected clients.
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+
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+
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+ ### Step two: keep track of connected clients ###
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+
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+ Next iteration of the code looks like this:
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+
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+ {include:file:examples/guides/getting\_started/05\_simple\_chat\_server\_step\_two.rb}
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+
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+ While the code we added is very straightforward, we have to clarify one this first: subclasses of {EventMachine::Connection} are instantiated by
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+ EventMachine for every new connected peer. So for 10 connected chat clients, there will be 10 separate `SimpleChatServer` instances in our
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+ server process. Like any other objects, they can be stored in a collection, can provide public API other objects use, can instantiate or inject
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+ dependencies and in general live a happy life all Ruby objects live until garbage collection happens.
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+
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+ In the example above we use a @@class_variable to keep track of connected clients. In Ruby, @@class variables are accessible from instance
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+ methods so we can add new connections to the list from `SimpleChatServer#post_init` and remove them in `SimpleChatServer#unbind`. We can also
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+ filter connections by some criteria, as `SimpleChatServer#other_peers demonstrates`.
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+
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+ So, we keep track of connections but how do we identify them? For a chat app, it's pretty common to use usernames for that. Lets ask our clients
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+ to enter usernames when they connect.
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+
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+
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+ ### Step three: adding usernames ##
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+
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+ To add usernames, we need to add a few things:
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+
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+ * We need to invite newly connected clients to enter their username.
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+ * A reader (getter) method on our {EventMachine::Connection} subclass.
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+ * An idea of connection state (keeping track of whether a particular participant had entered username before).
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+
214
+ Here is one way to do it:
215
+
216
+ {include:file:examples/guides/getting\_started/06\_simple\_chat\_server\_step\_three.rb}
217
+
218
+ This is quite an update so lets take a look at each method individually. First, `SimpleChatServer#post_init`:
219
+
220
+ def post_init
221
+ @username = nil
222
+ puts "A client has connected..."
223
+ ask_username
224
+ end
225
+
226
+ To keep track of username we ask chat participants for, we add @username instance variable to our connection class. Connection
227
+ instances are just Ruby objects associated with a particular connected peer, so using @ivars is very natural. To make username
228
+ value accessible to other objects, we added a reader method that was not shown on the snippet above.
229
+
230
+ Lets dig into `SimpleChatServer#ask_username`:
231
+
232
+ def ask_username
233
+ self.send_line("[info] Enter your username:")
234
+ end # ask_username
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+
236
+ # ...
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+
238
+ def send_line(line)
239
+ self.send_data("#{line}\n")
240
+ end # send_line(line)
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+
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+ Nothing new here, we are using {EventMachine::Connection#send_data} which we have seen before.
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+
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+
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+ In `SimpleChatServer#receive_data` we now have to check if the username was entered or we need
246
+ to ask for it:
247
+
248
+ def receive_data(data)
249
+ if entered_username?
250
+ handle_chat_message(data.strip)
251
+ else
252
+ handle_username(data.strip)
253
+ end
254
+ end
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+
256
+ # ...
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+
258
+ def entered_username?
259
+ !@username.nil? && !@username.empty?
260
+ end # entered_username?
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+
262
+ Finally, handler of chat messages is not yet implemented:
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+
264
+ def handle_chat_message(msg)
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+ raise NotImplementedError
266
+ end
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+
268
+ Lets try this example out using Telnet:
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+
270
+ ~ telnet localhost 10000
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+ Trying 127.0.0.1...
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+ Connected to localhost.
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+ Escape character is '^]'.
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+ [info] Enter your username:
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+ antares_
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+ [info] Ohai, antares_
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+
278
+ and the server output:
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+
280
+ A client has connected...
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+ antares_ has joined
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+
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+ This version requires you to remember how to terminate your Telnet session (Ctrl + Shift + ], then Ctrl + C).
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+ It is annoying, so why don't we add the same `exit` command to our chat server?
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+
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+
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+ ### Step four: adding exit command and delivering chat messages ####
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+
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+ {include:file:examples/guides/getting\_started/07\_simple\_chat\_server\_step\_four.rb}
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+
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+ TBD
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+
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+ Lets test-drive this version. Client A:
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+
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+ ~ telnet localhost 10000
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+ Trying 127.0.0.1...
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+ Connected to localhost.
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+ Escape character is '^]'.
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+ [info] Enter your username:
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+ michael
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+ [info] Ohai, michael
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+ Hi everyone
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+ michael: Hi everyone
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+ joe has joined the room
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+ # here ^^^ client B connects, lets greet him
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+ hi joe
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+ michael: hi joe
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+ joe: hey michael
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+ # ^^^ client B replies
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+ exit
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+ # ^^^ out command in action
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+ Connection closed by foreign host.
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+
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+ Client B:
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+
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+ ~ telnet localhost 10000
317
+ Trying 127.0.0.1...
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+ Connected to localhost.
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+ Escape character is '^]'.
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+ [info] Enter your username:
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+ joe
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+ [info] Ohai, joe
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+ michael: hi joe
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+ # ^^^ client A greets us, lets reply
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+ hey michael
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+ joe: hey michael
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+ exit
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+ # ^^^ out command in action
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+ Connection closed by foreign host.
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+
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+ And finally, the server output:
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+
333
+ A client has connected...
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+ michael has joined
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+ A client has connected...
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+ _antares has joined
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+ [info] _antares has left
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+ [info] michael has left
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+
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+ Our little char server now supports usernames, sending messages and the `exit` command. Next up, private (aka direct) messages.
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+
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+
343
+ ### Step five: adding direct messages and one more command ###
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+
345
+ To add direct messages, we come up with a simple convention: private messages begin with @username and may have optional colon before
346
+ message text, like this:
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+
348
+ @joe: hey, how do you like eventmachine?
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+
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+ This convention makes parsing of messages simple so that we can concentrate on delivering them to a particular client connection.
351
+ Remember when we added `username` reader on our connection class? That tiny change makes this step possible: when a new direct
352
+ message comes in, we extract username and message text and then find then connection for @username in question:
353
+
354
+ #
355
+ # Message handling
356
+ #
357
+
358
+ def handle_chat_message(msg)
359
+ if command?(msg)
360
+ self.handle_command(msg)
361
+ else
362
+ if direct_message?(msg)
363
+ self.handle_direct_message(msg)
364
+ else
365
+ self.announce(msg, "#{@username}:")
366
+ end
367
+ end
368
+ end # handle_chat_message(msg)
369
+
370
+ def direct_message?(input)
371
+ input =~ DM_REGEXP
372
+ end # direct_message?(input)
373
+
374
+ def handle_direct_message(input)
375
+ username, message = parse_direct_message(input)
376
+
377
+ if connection = @@connected_clients.find { |c| c.username == username }
378
+ puts "[dm] @#{@username} => @#{username}"
379
+ connection.send_line("[dm] @#{@username}: #{message}")
380
+ else
381
+ send_line "@#{username} is not in the room. Here's who is: #{usernames.join(', ')}"
382
+ end
383
+ end # handle_direct_message(input)
384
+
385
+ def parse_direct_message(input)
386
+ return [$1, $2] if input =~ DM_REGEXP
387
+ end # parse_direct_message(input)
388
+
389
+ This snippet demonstrates how one connection instance can obtain another connection instance and send data to it.
390
+ This is a very powerful feature, consider just a few use cases:
391
+
392
+ * Peer-to-peer protocols
393
+ * Content-aware routing
394
+ * Efficient streaming with optional filtering
395
+
396
+ Less common use cases include extending C++ core of EventMachine to provide access to hardware that streams events that
397
+ can be re-broadcasted to any interested parties connected via TCP, UDP or something like AMQP or WebSockets. With this,
398
+ sky is the limit. Actually, EventMachine has several features for efficient proxying data between connections.
399
+ We will not cover them in this guide.
400
+
401
+ One last feature that we are going to add to our chat server is the `status` command that tells you current server time and how many people
402
+ are there in the chat room:
403
+
404
+ #
405
+ # Commands handling
406
+ #
407
+
408
+ def command?(input)
409
+ input =~ /(exit|status)$/i
410
+ end # command?(input)
411
+
412
+ def handle_command(cmd)
413
+ case cmd
414
+ when /exit$/i then self.close_connection
415
+ when /status$/i then self.send_line("[chat server] It's #{Time.now.strftime('%H:%M')} and there are #{self.number_of_connected_clients} people in the room")
416
+ end
417
+ end # handle_command(cmd)
418
+
419
+ Hopefully this piece of code is easy to follow. Try adding a few more commands, for example, the `whoishere` command that lists people
420
+ currently in the chat room.
421
+
422
+ In the end, our chat server looks like this:
423
+
424
+ {include:file:examples/guides/getting\_started/08\_simple\_chat\_server\_step\_five.rb}
425
+
426
+ We are almost done with the server but there are some closing thoughts.
427
+
428
+
429
+ ### Step six: final version ###
430
+
431
+ Just in case, here is the final version of the chat server code we have built:
432
+
433
+ {include:file:examples/guides/getting\_started/03\_simple\_chat\_server.rb}
434
+
435
+
436
+ ### Step seven: future directions and some closing thoughts ###
437
+
438
+ The chat server is just about 150 lines of Ruby including empty lines and comments, yet it has a few features most of chat server
439
+ examples never add. We did not, however, implement many other features that popular IRC clients like [Colloquy](http://colloquy.info) have:
440
+
441
+ * Chat moderation
442
+ * Multiple rooms
443
+ * Connection timeout detection
444
+
445
+ How would one go about implementing them? We thought it is worth discussing what else EventMachine has to offer and what ecosystem projects
446
+ one can use to build a really feature-rich Web-based IRC chat client.
447
+
448
+ With multiple rooms it's more or less straightforward, just add one more hash and a bunch of commands and use the information about which rooms participant
449
+ is in when you are delivering messages. There is nothing in EventMachine itself that can make the job much easier for developer.
450
+
451
+ To implement chat moderation feature you may want to do a few things:
452
+
453
+ * Work with client IP addresses. Maybe we want to consider everyone who connects from certain IPs a moderator.
454
+ * Access persistent data about usernames of moderators and their credentials.
455
+
456
+ Does EventMachine have anything to offer here? It does. To obtain peer IP address, take a look at {EventMachine::Connection#get_peername}. The name of this method is
457
+ a little bit misleading and originates from low-level socket programming APIs.
458
+
459
+ #### A whirlwind tour of the EventMachine ecosystem ####
460
+
461
+ To work with data stores you can use several database drivers that ship with EventMachine itself, however, quite often there are some 3rd party projects in
462
+ the EventMachine ecosystem that have more features, are faster or just better maintained. So we figured it will be helpful to provide a few pointers
463
+ to some of those projects:
464
+
465
+ * For MySQL, check out [em-mysql](https://github.com/eventmachine/em-mysql) project.
466
+ * For PostgreSQL, have a look at Mike Perham's [EventMachine-based PostgreSQL driver](https://github.com/mperham/em_postgresql).
467
+ * For Redis, there is a young but already popular [em-hiredis](https://github.com/mloughran/em-hiredis) library that combines EventMachine's non-blocking I/O with
468
+ extreme performance of the official Redis C client, [hiredis](https://github.com/antirez/hiredis).
469
+ * For MongoDB, see [em-mongo](https://github.com/bcg/em-mongo)
470
+ * For Cassandra, Mike Perham [added transport agnosticism feature](http://www.mikeperham.com/2010/02/09/cassandra-and-eventmachine/) to the [cassandra gem](https://rubygems.org/gems/cassandra).
471
+
472
+ [Riak](http://www.basho.com/products_riak_overview.php) and CouchDB talk HTTP so it's possible to use [em-http-request](https://github.com/igrigorik/em-http-request).
473
+ If you are aware of EventMachine-based non-blocking drivers for these databases, as well as for HBase, let us know on the [EventMachine mailing list](http://groups.google.com/group/eventmachine).
474
+ Also, EventMachine supports TLS (aka SSL) and works well on [JRuby](http://jruby.org) and Windows.
475
+
476
+ Learn more in our {file:docs/Ecosystem.md EventMachine ecosystem} and {file:docs/TLS.md TLS (aka SSL)} guides.
477
+
478
+
479
+ #### Connection loss detection ####
480
+
481
+ Finally, connection loss detection. When our chat participant closes her laptop lid, how do we know that she is no longer active? The answer is, when EventMachine
482
+ detects TCP connectin closure, it calls {EventMachine::Connection#unbind}. Version 1.0.beta3 and later also pass an optional argument to that method. The argument
483
+ indicates what error (if any) caused the connection to be closed.
484
+
485
+ Learn more in our {file:docs/ConnectionFailureAndRecovery.md Connection Failure and Recovery} guide.
486
+
487
+
488
+ #### What the Chat Server Example doesn't demonstrate ####
489
+
490
+ This chat server also leaves out something production quality clients and servers must take care of: buffering. We intentionally did not include any buffering in
491
+ our chat server example: it would only distract you from learning what you really came here to learn: how to use EventMachine to build blazing fast asynchronous
492
+ networking programs quickly. However, {EventMachine::Connection#receive_data} does not offer any guarantees that you will be receiving "whole messages" all the time,
493
+ largely because the underlying transport (UDP or TCP) does not offer such guarantees. Many protocols, for example, AMQP, mandate that large content chunks are
494
+ split into smaller _frames_ of certain size. This means that [amq-client](https://github.com/ruby-amqp/amq-client) library, for instance, that has EventMachine-based driver,
495
+ has to deal with figuring out when exactly we received "the whole message". To do so, it uses buffering and employs various checks to detect _frame boundaries_.
496
+ So **don't be deceived by the simplicity of this chat example**: it intentionally leaves framing out, but real world protocols usually require it.
497
+
498
+
499
+
500
+ ## A (Proxying) Chat Client Example ##
501
+
502
+ TBD
503
+
504
+
505
+ ## Wrapping up ##
506
+
507
+ This tutorial ends here. Congratulations! You have learned quite a bit about EventMachine.
508
+
509
+
510
+ ## What to read next ##
511
+
512
+ The documentation is organized as a {file:docs/DocumentationGuidesIndex.md number of guides}, covering all kinds of
513
+ topics. TBD
514
+
515
+
516
+ ## Tell us what you think! ##
517
+
518
+ Please take a moment and tell us what you think about this guide on the [EventMachine mailing list](http://bit.ly/jW3cR3)
519
+ or in the #eventmachine channel on irc.freenode.net: what was unclear? What wasn't covered?
520
+ Maybe you don't like the guide style or the grammar and spelling are incorrect? Reader feedback is
521
+ key to making documentation better.