couchbase 3.5.1 → 3.5.3

data/ext/rcb_crud.cxx

@@ -0,0 +1,1544 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; c-basic-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */
+/*
+ *   Copyright 2020-Present Couchbase, Inc.
+ *
+ *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *   limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <core/cluster.hxx>
+#include <core/impl/subdoc/path_flags.hxx>
+#include <core/operations/document_exists.hxx>
+#include <core/operations/document_get.hxx>
+#include <core/operations/document_get_all_replicas.hxx>
+#include <core/operations/document_get_and_lock.hxx>
+#include <core/operations/document_get_and_touch.hxx>
+#include <core/operations/document_get_any_replica.hxx>
+#include <core/operations/document_get_projected.hxx>
+#include <core/operations/document_lookup_in.hxx>
+#include <core/operations/document_lookup_in_all_replicas.hxx>
+#include <core/operations/document_lookup_in_any_replica.hxx>
+#include <core/operations/document_touch.hxx>
+#include <core/operations/document_unlock.hxx>
+#include <core/utils/json.hxx>
+#include <couchbase/cluster.hxx>
+#include <couchbase/codec/encoded_value.hxx>
+#include <couchbase/codec/transcoder_traits.hxx>
+
+#include <future>
+
+#include <ruby.h>
+
+#include "rcb_backend.hxx"
+#include "rcb_utils.hxx"
+
+namespace couchbase
+{
+namespace ruby
+{
+struct passthrough_transcoder {
+  using document_type = codec::encoded_value;
+
+  static auto decode(const codec::encoded_value& data) -> document_type
+  {
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  static auto encode(codec::encoded_value document) -> codec::encoded_value
+  {
+    return document;
+  }
+};
+} // namespace ruby
+
+template<>
+struct codec::is_transcoder<ruby::passthrough_transcoder> : public std::true_type {
+};
+}; // namespace couchbase
+
+namespace couchbase::ruby
+{
+namespace
+{
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_document_get(VALUE self,
+                        VALUE bucket,
+                        VALUE scope,
+                        VALUE collection,
+                        VALUE id,
+                        VALUE options)
+{
+  auto cluster = cb_backend_to_core_api_cluster(self);
+
+  Check_Type(bucket, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(scope, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(collection, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(id, T_STRING);
+
+  try {
+    core::document_id doc_id{
+      cb_string_new(bucket),
+      cb_string_new(scope),
+      cb_string_new(collection),
+      cb_string_new(id),
+    };
+
+    core::operations::get_request req{ doc_id };
+    cb_extract_timeout(req, options);
+    std::promise<core::operations::get_response> promise;
+    auto f = promise.get_future();
+    cluster.execute(req, [promise = std::move(promise)](auto&& resp) mutable {
+      promise.set_value(std::forward<decltype(resp)>(resp));
+    });
+    auto resp = cb_wait_for_future(f);
+    if (resp.ctx.ec()) {
+      cb_throw_error(resp.ctx, "unable to fetch document");
+    }
+
+    VALUE res = rb_hash_new();
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("content")), cb_str_new(resp.value));
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("cas")), cb_cas_to_num(resp.cas));
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("flags")), UINT2NUM(resp.flags));
+    return res;
+  } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
+    rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
+      se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_document_get_any_replica(VALUE self,
+                                    VALUE bucket,
+                                    VALUE scope,
+                                    VALUE collection,
+                                    VALUE id,
+                                    VALUE options)
+{
+  auto cluster = cb_backend_to_public_api_cluster(self);
+
+  Check_Type(bucket, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(scope, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(collection, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(id, T_STRING);
+
+  try {
+    couchbase::get_any_replica_options opts;
+    set_timeout(opts, options);
+
+    auto f = cluster.bucket(cb_string_new(bucket))
+               .scope(cb_string_new(scope))
+               .collection(cb_string_new(collection))
+               .get_any_replica(cb_string_new(id), opts);
+    auto [ctx, resp] = cb_wait_for_future(f);
+    if (ctx.ec()) {
+      cb_throw_error(ctx, "unable to get replica of the document");
+    }
+
+    auto value = resp.content_as<passthrough_transcoder>();
+    VALUE res = rb_hash_new();
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("content")), cb_str_new(value.data));
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("cas")), cb_cas_to_num(resp.cas()));
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("flags")), UINT2NUM(value.flags));
+    return res;
+  } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
+    rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
+      se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_document_get_all_replicas(VALUE self,
+                                     VALUE bucket,
+                                     VALUE scope,
+                                     VALUE collection,
+                                     VALUE id,
+                                     VALUE options)
+{
+  auto cluster = cb_backend_to_public_api_cluster(self);
+
+  Check_Type(bucket, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(scope, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(collection, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(id, T_STRING);
+
+  try {
+    couchbase::get_all_replicas_options opts;
+    set_timeout(opts, options);
+
+    auto f = cluster.bucket(cb_string_new(bucket))
+               .scope(cb_string_new(scope))
+               .collection(cb_string_new(collection))
+               .get_all_replicas(cb_string_new(id), opts);
+    auto [ctx, resp] = cb_wait_for_future(f);
+    if (ctx.ec()) {
+      cb_throw_error(ctx, "unable to get all replicas for the document");
+    }
+
+    VALUE res = rb_ary_new_capa(static_cast<long>(resp.size()));
+    for (const auto& entry : resp) {
+      VALUE response = rb_hash_new();
+      auto value = entry.content_as<passthrough_transcoder>();
+      rb_hash_aset(response, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("content")), cb_str_new(value.data));
+      rb_hash_aset(response, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("cas")), cb_cas_to_num(entry.cas()));
+      rb_hash_aset(response, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("flags")), UINT2NUM(value.flags));
+      rb_ary_push(res, response);
+    }
+    return res;
+  } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
+    rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
+      se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_document_get_projected(VALUE self,
+                                  VALUE bucket,
+                                  VALUE scope,
+                                  VALUE collection,
+                                  VALUE id,
+                                  VALUE options)
+{
+  auto cluster = cb_backend_to_core_api_cluster(self);
+
+  Check_Type(bucket, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(scope, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(collection, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(id, T_STRING);
+  if (!NIL_P(options)) {
+    Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    core::document_id doc_id{
+      cb_string_new(bucket),
+      cb_string_new(scope),
+      cb_string_new(collection),
+      cb_string_new(id),
+    };
+
+    core::operations::get_projected_request req{ doc_id };
+    cb_extract_timeout(req, options);
+    cb_extract_option_bool(req.with_expiry, options, "with_expiry");
+    cb_extract_option_bool(req.preserve_array_indexes, options, "preserve_array_indexes");
+    VALUE projections = Qnil;
+    cb_extract_option_array(projections, options, "projections");
+    if (!NIL_P(projections)) {
+      auto entries_num = static_cast<std::size_t>(RARRAY_LEN(projections));
+      if (entries_num == 0) {
+        throw ruby_exception(rb_eArgError, "projections array must not be empty");
+      }
+      req.projections.reserve(entries_num);
+      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < entries_num; ++i) {
+        VALUE entry = rb_ary_entry(projections, static_cast<long>(i));
+        cb_check_type(entry, T_STRING);
+        req.projections.emplace_back(cb_string_new(entry));
+      }
+    }
+
+    std::promise<core::operations::get_projected_response> promise;
+    auto f = promise.get_future();
+    cluster.execute(req, [promise = std::move(promise)](auto&& resp) mutable {
+      promise.set_value(std::forward<decltype(resp)>(resp));
+    });
+    auto resp = cb_wait_for_future(f);
+    if (resp.ctx.ec()) {
+      cb_throw_error(resp.ctx, "unable fetch with projections");
+    }
+
+    VALUE res = rb_hash_new();
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("content")), cb_str_new(resp.value));
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("cas")), cb_cas_to_num(resp.cas));
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("flags")), UINT2NUM(resp.flags));
+    if (resp.expiry) {
+      rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("expiry")), UINT2NUM(resp.expiry.value()));
+    }
+    return res;
+  } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
+    rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
+      se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_document_get_and_lock(VALUE self,
+                                 VALUE bucket,
+                                 VALUE scope,
+                                 VALUE collection,
+                                 VALUE id,
+                                 VALUE lock_time,
+                                 VALUE options)
+{
+  auto cluster = cb_backend_to_core_api_cluster(self);
+
+  Check_Type(bucket, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(scope, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(collection, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(id, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(lock_time, T_FIXNUM);
+  if (!NIL_P(options)) {
+    Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    core::document_id doc_id{
+      cb_string_new(bucket),
+      cb_string_new(scope),
+      cb_string_new(collection),
+      cb_string_new(id),
+    };
+
+    core::operations::get_and_lock_request req{ doc_id };
+    cb_extract_timeout(req, options);
+    req.lock_time = NUM2UINT(lock_time);
+
+    std::promise<core::operations::get_and_lock_response> promise;
+    auto f = promise.get_future();
+    cluster.execute(req, [promise = std::move(promise)](auto&& resp) mutable {
+      promise.set_value(std::forward<decltype(resp)>(resp));
+    });
+    auto resp = cb_wait_for_future(f);
+    if (resp.ctx.ec()) {
+      cb_throw_error(resp.ctx, "unable lock and fetch");
+    }
+
+    VALUE res = rb_hash_new();
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("content")), cb_str_new(resp.value));
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("cas")), cb_cas_to_num(resp.cas));
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("flags")), UINT2NUM(resp.flags));
+    return res;
+  } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
+    rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
+      se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_document_get_and_touch(VALUE self,
+                                  VALUE bucket,
+                                  VALUE scope,
+                                  VALUE collection,
+                                  VALUE id,
+                                  VALUE expiry,
+                                  VALUE options)
+{
+  auto cluster = cb_backend_to_core_api_cluster(self);
+
+  Check_Type(bucket, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(scope, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(collection, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(id, T_STRING);
+  if (!NIL_P(options)) {
+    Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    core::document_id doc_id{
+      cb_string_new(bucket),
+      cb_string_new(scope),
+      cb_string_new(collection),
+      cb_string_new(id),
+    };
+
+    core::operations::get_and_touch_request req{ doc_id };
+    cb_extract_timeout(req, options);
+    auto [type, duration] = unpack_expiry(expiry, false);
+    req.expiry = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(duration.count());
+
+    std::promise<core::operations::get_and_touch_response> promise;
+    auto f = promise.get_future();
+    cluster.execute(req, [promise = std::move(promise)](auto&& resp) mutable {
+      promise.set_value(std::forward<decltype(resp)>(resp));
+    });
+    auto resp = cb_wait_for_future(f);
+    if (resp.ctx.ec()) {
+      cb_throw_error(resp.ctx, "unable fetch and touch");
+    }
+
+    VALUE res = rb_hash_new();
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("content")), cb_str_new(resp.value));
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("cas")), cb_cas_to_num(resp.cas));
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("flags")), UINT2NUM(resp.flags));
+    return res;
+  } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
+    rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
+      se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_document_touch(VALUE self,
+                          VALUE bucket,
+                          VALUE scope,
+                          VALUE collection,
+                          VALUE id,
+                          VALUE expiry,
+                          VALUE options)
+{
+  auto cluster = cb_backend_to_core_api_cluster(self);
+
+  Check_Type(bucket, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(scope, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(collection, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(id, T_STRING);
+  if (!NIL_P(options)) {
+    Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    core::document_id doc_id{
+      cb_string_new(bucket),
+      cb_string_new(scope),
+      cb_string_new(collection),
+      cb_string_new(id),
+    };
+
+    core::operations::touch_request req{ doc_id };
+    cb_extract_timeout(req, options);
+    auto [type, duration] = unpack_expiry(expiry, false);
+    req.expiry = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(duration.count());
+
+    std::promise<core::operations::touch_response> promise;
+    auto f = promise.get_future();
+    cluster.execute(req, [promise = std::move(promise)](auto&& resp) mutable {
+      promise.set_value(std::forward<decltype(resp)>(resp));
+    });
+    auto resp = cb_wait_for_future(f);
+    if (resp.ctx.ec()) {
+      cb_throw_error(resp.ctx, "unable to touch");
+    }
+
+    VALUE res = rb_hash_new();
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("cas")), cb_cas_to_num(resp.cas));
+    return res;
+  } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
+    rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
+      se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_document_exists(VALUE self,
+                           VALUE bucket,
+                           VALUE scope,
+                           VALUE collection,
+                           VALUE id,
+                           VALUE options)
+{
+  auto cluster = cb_backend_to_core_api_cluster(self);
+
+  Check_Type(bucket, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(scope, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(collection, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(id, T_STRING);
+  if (!NIL_P(options)) {
+    Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    core::document_id doc_id{
+      cb_string_new(bucket),
+      cb_string_new(scope),
+      cb_string_new(collection),
+      cb_string_new(id),
+    };
+
+    core::operations::exists_request req{ doc_id };
+    cb_extract_timeout(req, options);
+
+    std::promise<core::operations::exists_response> promise;
+    auto f = promise.get_future();
+    cluster.execute(req, [promise = std::move(promise)](auto&& resp) mutable {
+      promise.set_value(std::forward<decltype(resp)>(resp));
+    });
+    auto resp = cb_wait_for_future(f);
+    if (resp.ctx.ec() && resp.ctx.ec() != couchbase::errc::key_value::document_not_found) {
+      cb_throw_error(resp.ctx, "unable to exists");
+    }
+
+    VALUE res = rb_hash_new();
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("cas")), cb_cas_to_num(resp.cas));
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("exists")), resp.exists() ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("deleted")), resp.deleted ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("flags")), UINT2NUM(resp.flags));
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("expiry")), UINT2NUM(resp.expiry));
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("sequence_number")), ULL2NUM(resp.sequence_number));
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("datatype")), UINT2NUM(resp.datatype));
+    return res;
+  } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
+    rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
+      se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_document_unlock(VALUE self,
+                           VALUE bucket,
+                           VALUE scope,
+                           VALUE collection,
+                           VALUE id,
+                           VALUE cas,
+                           VALUE options)
+{
+  auto cluster = cb_backend_to_core_api_cluster(self);
+
+  Check_Type(bucket, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(collection, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(id, T_STRING);
+  if (!NIL_P(options)) {
+    Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    core::document_id doc_id{
+      cb_string_new(bucket),
+      cb_string_new(scope),
+      cb_string_new(collection),
+      cb_string_new(id),
+
+    };
+
+    core::operations::unlock_request req{ doc_id };
+    cb_extract_timeout(req, options);
+    cb_extract_cas(req.cas, cas);
+
+    std::promise<core::operations::unlock_response> promise;
+    auto f = promise.get_future();
+    cluster.execute(req, [promise = std::move(promise)](auto&& resp) mutable {
+      promise.set_value(std::forward<decltype(resp)>(resp));
+    });
+    auto resp = cb_wait_for_future(f);
+    if (resp.ctx.ec()) {
+      cb_throw_error(resp.ctx, "unable to unlock");
+    }
+
+    VALUE res = rb_hash_new();
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("cas")), cb_cas_to_num(resp.cas));
+    return res;
+  } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
+    rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
+      se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_document_upsert(VALUE self,
+                           VALUE bucket,
+                           VALUE scope,
+                           VALUE collection,
+                           VALUE id,
+                           VALUE content,
+                           VALUE flags,
+                           VALUE options)
+{
+  auto cluster = cb_backend_to_public_api_cluster(self);
+
+  Check_Type(bucket, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(scope, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(collection, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(id, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(content, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(flags, T_FIXNUM);
+  if (!NIL_P(options)) {
+    Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    couchbase::upsert_options opts;
+    set_timeout(opts, options);
+    set_expiry(opts, options);
+    set_durability(opts, options);
+    set_preserve_expiry(opts, options);
+
+    auto f = cluster.bucket(cb_string_new(bucket))
+               .scope(cb_string_new(scope))
+               .collection(cb_string_new(collection))
+               .upsert(cb_string_new(id),
+                       couchbase::codec::encoded_value{ cb_binary_new(content), FIX2UINT(flags) },
+                       opts);
+
+    auto [ctx, resp] = cb_wait_for_future(f);
+    if (ctx.ec()) {
+      cb_throw_error(ctx, "unable to upsert");
+    }
+
+    return to_mutation_result_value(resp);
+  } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
+    rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
+      se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_document_append(VALUE self,
+                           VALUE bucket,
+                           VALUE scope,
+                           VALUE collection,
+                           VALUE id,
+                           VALUE content,
+                           VALUE options)
+{
+  auto cluster = cb_backend_to_public_api_cluster(self);
+
+  Check_Type(bucket, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(scope, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(collection, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(id, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(content, T_STRING);
+  if (!NIL_P(options)) {
+    Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    couchbase::append_options opts;
+    set_timeout(opts, options);
+    set_durability(opts, options);
+
+    auto f = cluster.bucket(cb_string_new(bucket))
+               .scope(cb_string_new(scope))
+               .collection(cb_string_new(collection))
+               .binary()
+               .append(cb_string_new(id), cb_binary_new(content), opts);
+
+    auto [ctx, resp] = cb_wait_for_future(f);
+    if (ctx.ec()) {
+      cb_throw_error(ctx, "unable to append");
+    }
+
+    return to_mutation_result_value(resp);
+  } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
+    rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
+      se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_document_prepend(VALUE self,
+                            VALUE bucket,
+                            VALUE scope,
+                            VALUE collection,
+                            VALUE id,
+                            VALUE content,
+                            VALUE options)
+{
+  auto cluster = cb_backend_to_public_api_cluster(self);
+
+  Check_Type(bucket, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(scope, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(collection, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(id, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(content, T_STRING);
+  if (!NIL_P(options)) {
+    Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    couchbase::prepend_options opts;
+    set_timeout(opts, options);
+    set_durability(opts, options);
+
+    auto f = cluster.bucket(cb_string_new(bucket))
+               .scope(cb_string_new(scope))
+               .collection(cb_string_new(collection))
+               .binary()
+               .prepend(cb_string_new(id), cb_binary_new(content), opts);
+
+    auto [ctx, resp] = cb_wait_for_future(f);
+    if (ctx.ec()) {
+      cb_throw_error(ctx, "unable to prepend");
+    }
+
+    return to_mutation_result_value(resp);
+  } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
+    rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
+      se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_document_replace(VALUE self,
+                            VALUE bucket,
+                            VALUE scope,
+                            VALUE collection,
+                            VALUE id,
+                            VALUE content,
+                            VALUE flags,
+                            VALUE options)
+{
+  auto cluster = cb_backend_to_public_api_cluster(self);
+
+  Check_Type(bucket, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(scope, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(collection, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(id, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(content, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(flags, T_FIXNUM);
+  if (!NIL_P(options)) {
+    Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    couchbase::replace_options opts;
+    set_timeout(opts, options);
+    set_expiry(opts, options);
+    set_durability(opts, options);
+    set_preserve_expiry(opts, options);
+    set_cas(opts, options);
+
+    auto f = cluster.bucket(cb_string_new(bucket))
+               .scope(cb_string_new(scope))
+               .collection(cb_string_new(collection))
+               .replace(cb_string_new(id),
+                        couchbase::codec::encoded_value{ cb_binary_new(content), FIX2UINT(flags) },
+                        opts);
+
+    auto [ctx, resp] = cb_wait_for_future(f);
+    if (ctx.ec()) {
+      cb_throw_error(ctx, "unable to replace");
+    }
+
+    return to_mutation_result_value(resp);
+  } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
+    rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
+      se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_document_insert(VALUE self,
+                           VALUE bucket,
+                           VALUE scope,
+                           VALUE collection,
+                           VALUE id,
+                           VALUE content,
+                           VALUE flags,
+                           VALUE options)
+{
+  auto cluster = cb_backend_to_public_api_cluster(self);
+
+  Check_Type(bucket, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(scope, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(collection, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(id, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(content, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(flags, T_FIXNUM);
+  if (!NIL_P(options)) {
+    Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    couchbase::insert_options opts;
+    set_timeout(opts, options);
+    set_expiry(opts, options);
+    set_durability(opts, options);
+
+    auto f = cluster.bucket(cb_string_new(bucket))
+               .scope(cb_string_new(scope))
+               .collection(cb_string_new(collection))
+               .insert(cb_string_new(id),
+                       couchbase::codec::encoded_value{ cb_binary_new(content), FIX2UINT(flags) },
+                       opts);
+
+    auto [ctx, resp] = cb_wait_for_future(f);
+    if (ctx.ec()) {
+      cb_throw_error(ctx, "unable to insert");
+    }
+
+    return to_mutation_result_value(resp);
+  } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
+    rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
+      se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_document_remove(VALUE self,
+                           VALUE bucket,
+                           VALUE scope,
+                           VALUE collection,
+                           VALUE id,
+                           VALUE options)
+{
+  auto cluster = cb_backend_to_public_api_cluster(self);
+
+  Check_Type(bucket, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(scope, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(collection, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(id, T_STRING);
+  if (!NIL_P(options)) {
+    Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    couchbase::remove_options opts;
+    set_timeout(opts, options);
+    set_durability(opts, options);
+    set_cas(opts, options);
+
+    auto f = cluster.bucket(cb_string_new(bucket))
+               .scope(cb_string_new(scope))
+               .collection(cb_string_new(collection))
+               .remove(cb_string_new(id), opts);
+
+    auto [ctx, resp] = cb_wait_for_future(f);
+    if (ctx.ec()) {
+      cb_throw_error(ctx, "unable to remove");
+    }
+
+    return to_mutation_result_value(resp);
+  } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
+    rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
+      se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_document_increment(VALUE self,
+                              VALUE bucket,
+                              VALUE scope,
+                              VALUE collection,
+                              VALUE id,
+                              VALUE options)
+{
+  auto cluster = cb_backend_to_public_api_cluster(self);
+
+  Check_Type(bucket, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(scope, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(collection, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(id, T_STRING);
+  if (!NIL_P(options)) {
+    Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    couchbase::increment_options opts;
+    set_timeout(opts, options);
+    set_durability(opts, options);
+    set_expiry(opts, options);
+    set_delta(opts, options);
+    set_initial_value(opts, options);
+
+    auto f = cluster.bucket(cb_string_new(bucket))
+               .scope(cb_string_new(scope))
+               .collection(cb_string_new(collection))
+               .binary()
+               .increment(cb_string_new(id), opts);
+
+    auto [ctx, resp] = cb_wait_for_future(f);
+    if (ctx.ec()) {
+      cb_throw_error(ctx, "unable to increment");
+    }
+
+    VALUE res = to_mutation_result_value(resp);
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("content")), ULL2NUM(resp.content()));
+    return res;
+  } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
+    rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
+      se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_document_decrement(VALUE self,
+                              VALUE bucket,
+                              VALUE scope,
+                              VALUE collection,
+                              VALUE id,
+                              VALUE options)
+{
+  auto cluster = cb_backend_to_public_api_cluster(self);
+
+  Check_Type(bucket, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(scope, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(collection, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(id, T_STRING);
+  if (!NIL_P(options)) {
+    Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    couchbase::decrement_options opts;
+    set_timeout(opts, options);
+    set_durability(opts, options);
+    set_expiry(opts, options);
+    set_delta(opts, options);
+    set_initial_value(opts, options);
+
+    auto f = cluster.bucket(cb_string_new(bucket))
+               .scope(cb_string_new(scope))
+               .collection(cb_string_new(collection))
+               .binary()
+               .decrement(cb_string_new(id), opts);
+
+    auto [ctx, resp] = cb_wait_for_future(f);
+    if (ctx.ec()) {
+      cb_throw_error(ctx, "unable to decrement");
+    }
+
+    VALUE res = to_mutation_result_value(resp);
+    rb_hash_aset(res, rb_id2sym(rb_intern("content")), ULL2NUM(resp.content()));
+    return res;
+
+  } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
+    rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
+      se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_document_lookup_in(VALUE self,
+                              VALUE bucket,
+                              VALUE scope,
+                              VALUE collection,
+                              VALUE id,
+                              VALUE specs,
+                              VALUE options)
+{
+  auto cluster = cb_backend_to_core_api_cluster(self);
+
+  Check_Type(bucket, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(scope, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(collection, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(id, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(specs, T_ARRAY);
+  if (RARRAY_LEN(specs) <= 0) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Array with specs cannot be empty");
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  if (!NIL_P(options)) {
+    Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    core::document_id doc_id{
+      cb_string_new(bucket),
+      cb_string_new(scope),
+      cb_string_new(collection),
+      cb_string_new(id),
+    };
+
+    core::operations::lookup_in_request req{ doc_id };
+    cb_extract_timeout(req, options);
+    cb_extract_option_bool(req.access_deleted, options, "access_deleted");
+
+    static VALUE xattr_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("xattr"));
+    static VALUE path_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("path"));
+    static VALUE opcode_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("opcode"));
+
+    auto entries_size = static_cast<std::size_t>(RARRAY_LEN(specs));
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < entries_size; ++i) {
+      VALUE entry = rb_ary_entry(specs, static_cast<long>(i));
+      cb_check_type(entry, T_HASH);
+      VALUE operation = rb_hash_aref(entry, opcode_property);
+      cb_check_type(operation, T_SYMBOL);
+      bool xattr = RTEST(rb_hash_aref(entry, xattr_property));
+      VALUE path = rb_hash_aref(entry, path_property);
+      cb_check_type(path, T_STRING);
+      auto opcode = core::impl::subdoc::opcode{};
+      if (ID operation_id = rb_sym2id(operation); operation_id == rb_intern("get_doc")) {
+        opcode = core::impl::subdoc::opcode::get_doc;
+      } else if (operation_id == rb_intern("get")) {
+        opcode = core::impl::subdoc::opcode::get;
+      } else if (operation_id == rb_intern("exists")) {
+        opcode = core::impl::subdoc::opcode::exists;
+      } else if (operation_id == rb_intern("count")) {
+        opcode = core::impl::subdoc::opcode::get_count;
+      } else {
+        throw ruby_exception(
+          exc_invalid_argument(),
+          rb_sprintf("unsupported operation for subdocument lookup: %+" PRIsVALUE, operation));
+      }
+      cb_check_type(path, T_STRING);
+
+      req.specs.emplace_back(core::impl::subdoc::command{
+        opcode,
+        cb_string_new(path),
+        {},
+        core::impl::subdoc::build_lookup_in_path_flags(xattr, false) });
+    }
+
+    std::promise<core::operations::lookup_in_response> promise;
+    auto f = promise.get_future();
+    cluster.execute(req, [promise = std::move(promise)](auto&& resp) mutable {
+      promise.set_value(std::forward<decltype(resp)>(resp));
+    });
+    auto resp = cb_wait_for_future(f);
+    if (resp.ctx.ec()) {
+      cb_throw_error(resp.ctx, "unable to perform lookup_in operation");
+    }
+
+    static VALUE deleted_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("deleted"));
+    static VALUE fields_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("fields"));
+    static VALUE index_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("index"));
+    static VALUE exists_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("exists"));
+    static VALUE cas_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("cas"));
+    static VALUE value_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("value"));
+    static VALUE error_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("error"));
+
+    VALUE res = rb_hash_new();
+    rb_hash_aset(res, cas_property, cb_cas_to_num(resp.cas));
+    VALUE fields = rb_ary_new_capa(static_cast<long>(entries_size));
+    rb_hash_aset(res, fields_property, fields);
+    rb_hash_aset(res, deleted_property, resp.deleted ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < entries_size; ++i) {
+      auto resp_entry = resp.fields.at(i);
+      VALUE entry = rb_hash_new();
+      rb_hash_aset(entry, index_property, ULL2NUM(resp_entry.original_index));
+      rb_hash_aset(entry, exists_property, resp_entry.exists ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+      rb_hash_aset(entry, path_property, cb_str_new(resp_entry.path));
+      if (!resp_entry.value.empty()) {
+        rb_hash_aset(entry, value_property, cb_str_new(resp_entry.value));
+      }
+      if (resp_entry.ec) {
+        rb_hash_aset(
+          entry,
+          error_property,
+          cb_map_error_code(resp_entry.ec,
+                            fmt::format("error getting result for spec at index {}, path \"{}\"",
+                                        i,
+                                        resp_entry.path)));
+      }
+
+      rb_ary_store(fields, static_cast<long>(i), entry);
+    }
+    return res;
+  } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
+    rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
+      se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_document_lookup_in_any_replica(VALUE self,
+                                          VALUE bucket,
+                                          VALUE scope,
+                                          VALUE collection,
+                                          VALUE id,
+                                          VALUE specs,
+                                          VALUE options)
+{
+
+  auto cluster = cb_backend_to_core_api_cluster(self);
+
+  Check_Type(bucket, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(scope, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(collection, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(id, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(specs, T_ARRAY);
+  if (RARRAY_LEN(specs) <= 0) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Array with specs cannot be empty");
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  if (!NIL_P(options)) {
+    Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    core::document_id doc_id{
+      cb_string_new(bucket),
+      cb_string_new(scope),
+      cb_string_new(collection),
+      cb_string_new(id),
+    };
+
+    core::operations::lookup_in_any_replica_request req{ doc_id };
+    cb_extract_timeout(req, options);
+
+    static VALUE xattr_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("xattr"));
+    static VALUE path_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("path"));
+    static VALUE opcode_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("opcode"));
+
+    auto entries_size = static_cast<std::size_t>(RARRAY_LEN(specs));
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < entries_size; ++i) {
+      VALUE entry = rb_ary_entry(specs, static_cast<long>(i));
+      cb_check_type(entry, T_HASH);
+      VALUE operation = rb_hash_aref(entry, opcode_property);
+      cb_check_type(operation, T_SYMBOL);
+      bool xattr = RTEST(rb_hash_aref(entry, xattr_property));
+      VALUE path = rb_hash_aref(entry, path_property);
+      cb_check_type(path, T_STRING);
+      auto opcode = core::impl::subdoc::opcode{};
+      if (ID operation_id = rb_sym2id(operation); operation_id == rb_intern("get_doc")) {
+        opcode = core::impl::subdoc::opcode::get_doc;
+      } else if (operation_id == rb_intern("get")) {
+        opcode = core::impl::subdoc::opcode::get;
+      } else if (operation_id == rb_intern("exists")) {
+        opcode = core::impl::subdoc::opcode::exists;
+      } else if (operation_id == rb_intern("count")) {
+        opcode = core::impl::subdoc::opcode::get_count;
+      } else {
+        throw ruby_exception(
+          exc_invalid_argument(),
+          rb_sprintf("unsupported operation for subdocument lookup: %+" PRIsVALUE, operation));
+      }
+      cb_check_type(path, T_STRING);
+      req.specs.emplace_back(core::impl::subdoc::command{
+        opcode,
+        cb_string_new(path),
+        {},
+        core::impl::subdoc::build_lookup_in_path_flags(xattr, false) });
+    }
+
+    std::promise<core::operations::lookup_in_any_replica_response> promise;
+    auto f = promise.get_future();
+    cluster.execute(req, [promise = std::move(promise)](auto&& resp) mutable {
+      promise.set_value(std::forward<decltype(resp)>(resp));
+    });
+    auto resp = cb_wait_for_future(f);
+    if (resp.ctx.ec()) {
+      cb_throw_error(resp.ctx, "unable to perform lookup_in_any_replica operation");
+    }
+
+    static VALUE deleted_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("deleted"));
+    static VALUE fields_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("fields"));
+    static VALUE index_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("index"));
+    static VALUE exists_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("exists"));
+    static VALUE cas_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("cas"));
+    static VALUE value_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("value"));
+    static VALUE error_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("error"));
+    static VALUE is_replica_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("is_replica"));
+
+    VALUE res = rb_hash_new();
+    rb_hash_aset(res, cas_property, cb_cas_to_num(resp.cas));
+    VALUE fields = rb_ary_new_capa(static_cast<long>(entries_size));
+    rb_hash_aset(res, fields_property, fields);
+    rb_hash_aset(res, deleted_property, resp.deleted ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+    rb_hash_aset(res, is_replica_property, resp.is_replica ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < entries_size; ++i) {
+      auto resp_entry = resp.fields.at(i);
+      VALUE entry = rb_hash_new();
+      rb_hash_aset(entry, index_property, ULL2NUM(resp_entry.original_index));
+      rb_hash_aset(entry, exists_property, resp_entry.exists ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+      rb_hash_aset(entry, path_property, cb_str_new(resp_entry.path));
+      if (!resp_entry.value.empty()) {
+        rb_hash_aset(entry, value_property, cb_str_new(resp_entry.value));
+      }
+      if (resp_entry.ec) {
+        rb_hash_aset(
+          entry,
+          error_property,
+          cb_map_error_code(resp_entry.ec,
+                            fmt::format("error getting result for spec at index {}, path \"{}\"",
+                                        i,
+                                        resp_entry.path)));
+      }
+      rb_ary_store(fields, static_cast<long>(i), entry);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+  } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
+    rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
+      se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_document_lookup_in_all_replicas(VALUE self,
+                                           VALUE bucket,
+                                           VALUE scope,
+                                           VALUE collection,
+                                           VALUE id,
+                                           VALUE specs,
+                                           VALUE options)
+{
+  auto cluster = cb_backend_to_core_api_cluster(self);
+
+  Check_Type(bucket, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(scope, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(collection, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(id, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(specs, T_ARRAY);
+  if (RARRAY_LEN(specs) <= 0) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Array with specs cannot be empty");
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  if (!NIL_P(options)) {
+    Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    core::document_id doc_id{
+      cb_string_new(bucket),
+      cb_string_new(scope),
+      cb_string_new(collection),
+      cb_string_new(id),
+    };
+
+    core::operations::lookup_in_all_replicas_request req{ doc_id };
+    cb_extract_timeout(req, options);
+
+    static VALUE xattr_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("xattr"));
+    static VALUE path_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("path"));
+    static VALUE opcode_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("opcode"));
+
+    auto entries_size = static_cast<std::size_t>(RARRAY_LEN(specs));
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < entries_size; ++i) {
+      VALUE entry = rb_ary_entry(specs, static_cast<long>(i));
+      cb_check_type(entry, T_HASH);
+      VALUE operation = rb_hash_aref(entry, opcode_property);
+      cb_check_type(operation, T_SYMBOL);
+      bool xattr = RTEST(rb_hash_aref(entry, xattr_property));
+      VALUE path = rb_hash_aref(entry, path_property);
+      cb_check_type(path, T_STRING);
+
+      auto opcode = core::impl::subdoc::opcode{};
+      if (ID operation_id = rb_sym2id(operation); operation_id == rb_intern("get_doc")) {
+        opcode = core::impl::subdoc::opcode::get_doc;
+      } else if (operation_id == rb_intern("get")) {
+        opcode = core::impl::subdoc::opcode::get;
+      } else if (operation_id == rb_intern("exists")) {
+        opcode = core::impl::subdoc::opcode::exists;
+      } else if (operation_id == rb_intern("count")) {
+        opcode = core::impl::subdoc::opcode::get_count;
+      } else {
+        throw ruby_exception(
+          exc_invalid_argument(),
+          rb_sprintf("unsupported operation for subdocument lookup: %+" PRIsVALUE, operation));
+      }
+      cb_check_type(path, T_STRING);
+
+      req.specs.emplace_back(core::impl::subdoc::command{
+        opcode,
+        cb_string_new(path),
+        {},
+        core::impl::subdoc::build_lookup_in_path_flags(xattr, false) });
+    }
+    std::promise<core::operations::lookup_in_all_replicas_response> promise;
+    auto f = promise.get_future();
+    cluster.execute(req, [promise = std::move(promise)](auto&& resp) mutable {
+      promise.set_value(std::forward<decltype(resp)>(resp));
+    });
+    auto resp = cb_wait_for_future(f);
+    if (resp.ctx.ec()) {
+      cb_throw_error(resp.ctx, "unable to perform lookup_in_all_replicas operation");
+    }
+
+    static VALUE deleted_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("deleted"));
+    static VALUE fields_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("fields"));
+    static VALUE index_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("index"));
+    static VALUE exists_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("exists"));
+    static VALUE cas_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("cas"));
+    static VALUE value_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("value"));
+    static VALUE error_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("error"));
+    static VALUE is_replica_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("is_replica"));
+
+    auto lookup_in_entries_size = resp.entries.size();
+    VALUE res = rb_ary_new_capa(static_cast<long>(lookup_in_entries_size));
+    for (std::size_t j = 0; j < lookup_in_entries_size; ++j) {
+      auto lookup_in_entry = resp.entries.at(j);
+      VALUE lookup_in_entry_res = rb_hash_new();
+      rb_hash_aset(lookup_in_entry_res, cas_property, cb_cas_to_num(lookup_in_entry.cas));
+      VALUE fields = rb_ary_new_capa(static_cast<long>(entries_size));
+      rb_hash_aset(lookup_in_entry_res, fields_property, fields);
+      rb_hash_aset(lookup_in_entry_res, deleted_property, lookup_in_entry.deleted ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+
+      rb_hash_aset(
+        lookup_in_entry_res, is_replica_property, lookup_in_entry.is_replica ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+
+      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < entries_size; ++i) {
+        auto field_entry = lookup_in_entry.fields.at(i);
+        VALUE entry = rb_hash_new();
+        rb_hash_aset(entry, index_property, ULL2NUM(field_entry.original_index));
+        rb_hash_aset(entry, exists_property, field_entry.exists ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+        rb_hash_aset(entry, path_property, cb_str_new(field_entry.path));
+        if (!field_entry.value.empty()) {
+          rb_hash_aset(entry, value_property, cb_str_new(field_entry.value));
+        }
+        if (field_entry.ec) {
+          rb_hash_aset(
+            entry,
+            error_property,
+            cb_map_error_code(field_entry.ec,
+                              fmt::format("error getting result for spec at index {}, path \"{}\"",
+                                          i,
+                                          field_entry.path)));
+        }
+
+        rb_ary_store(fields, static_cast<long>(i), entry);
+      }
+      rb_ary_store(res, static_cast<long>(j), lookup_in_entry_res);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+  } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
+    rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
+      se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+cb_Backend_document_mutate_in(VALUE self,
+                              VALUE bucket,
+                              VALUE scope,
+                              VALUE collection,
+                              VALUE id,
+                              VALUE specs,
+                              VALUE options)
+{
+  auto cluster = cb_backend_to_public_api_cluster(self);
+
+  Check_Type(bucket, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(scope, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(collection, T_STRING);
+  Check_Type(id, T_STRING);
+
+  Check_Type(specs, T_ARRAY);
+  if (RARRAY_LEN(specs) <= 0) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Array with specs cannot be empty");
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  if (!NIL_P(options)) {
+    Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    couchbase::mutate_in_options opts;
+    set_timeout(opts, options);
+    set_durability(opts, options);
+    set_expiry(opts, options);
+    set_preserve_expiry(opts, options);
+    set_access_deleted(opts, options);
+    set_create_as_deleted(opts, options);
+    set_cas(opts, options);
+    set_store_semantics(opts, options);
+
+    static VALUE xattr_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("xattr"));
+    static VALUE create_path_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("create_path"));
+    static VALUE expand_macros_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("expand_macros"));
+    static VALUE path_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("path"));
+    static VALUE opcode_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("opcode"));
+    static VALUE param_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("param"));
+
+    couchbase::mutate_in_specs cxx_specs;
+    auto entries_size = static_cast<std::size_t>(RARRAY_LEN(specs));
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < entries_size; ++i) {
+      VALUE entry = rb_ary_entry(specs, static_cast<long>(i));
+      cb_check_type(entry, T_HASH);
+      bool xattr = RTEST(rb_hash_aref(entry, xattr_property));
+      bool create_path = RTEST(rb_hash_aref(entry, create_path_property));
+      bool expand_macros = RTEST(rb_hash_aref(entry, expand_macros_property));
+      VALUE path = rb_hash_aref(entry, path_property);
+      cb_check_type(path, T_STRING);
+      VALUE operation = rb_hash_aref(entry, opcode_property);
+      cb_check_type(operation, T_SYMBOL);
+      VALUE param = rb_hash_aref(entry, param_property);
+      if (ID operation_id = rb_sym2id(operation); operation_id == rb_intern("dict_add")) {
+        cb_check_type(param, T_STRING);
+        cxx_specs.push_back(couchbase::mutate_in_specs::insert_raw(
+                              cb_string_new(path), cb_binary_new(param), expand_macros)
+                              .xattr(xattr)
+                              .create_path(create_path));
+      } else if (operation_id == rb_intern("dict_upsert")) {
+        cb_check_type(param, T_STRING);
+
+        cxx_specs.push_back(couchbase::mutate_in_specs::upsert_raw(
+                              cb_string_new(path), cb_binary_new(param), expand_macros)
+                              .xattr(xattr)
+                              .create_path(create_path));
+      } else if (operation_id == rb_intern("remove")) {
+        cxx_specs.push_back(couchbase::mutate_in_specs::remove(cb_string_new(path)).xattr(xattr));
+      } else if (operation_id == rb_intern("replace")) {
+        cb_check_type(param, T_STRING);
+        cxx_specs.push_back(couchbase::mutate_in_specs::replace_raw(
+                              cb_string_new(path), cb_binary_new(param), expand_macros)
+                              .xattr(xattr));
+      } else if (operation_id == rb_intern("array_push_last")) {
+        cb_check_type(param, T_STRING);
+        cxx_specs.push_back(
+          couchbase::mutate_in_specs::array_append_raw(cb_string_new(path), cb_binary_new(param))
+            .xattr(xattr)
+            .create_path(create_path));
+      } else if (operation_id == rb_intern("array_push_first")) {
+        cb_check_type(param, T_STRING);
+        cxx_specs.push_back(
+          couchbase::mutate_in_specs::array_prepend_raw(cb_string_new(path), cb_binary_new(param))
+            .xattr(xattr)
+            .create_path(create_path));
+      } else if (operation_id == rb_intern("array_insert")) {
+        cb_check_type(param, T_STRING);
+        cxx_specs.push_back(
+          couchbase::mutate_in_specs::array_insert_raw(cb_string_new(path), cb_binary_new(param))
+            .xattr(xattr)
+            .create_path(create_path));
+      } else if (operation_id == rb_intern("array_add_unique")) {
+        cb_check_type(param, T_STRING);
+        cxx_specs.push_back(couchbase::mutate_in_specs::array_add_unique_raw(
+                              cb_string_new(path), cb_binary_new(param), expand_macros)
+                              .xattr(xattr)
+                              .create_path(create_path));
+      } else if (operation_id == rb_intern("counter")) {
+        if (TYPE(param) == T_FIXNUM || TYPE(param) == T_BIGNUM) {
+          if (std::int64_t num = NUM2LL(param); num < 0) {
+            cxx_specs.push_back(couchbase::mutate_in_specs::decrement(cb_string_new(path), -1 * num)
+                                  .xattr(xattr)
+                                  .create_path(create_path));
+          } else {
+            cxx_specs.push_back(couchbase::mutate_in_specs::increment(cb_string_new(path), num)
+                                  .xattr(xattr)
+                                  .create_path(create_path));
+          }
+        } else {
+          throw ruby_exception(
+            exc_invalid_argument(),
+            rb_sprintf("subdocument counter operation expects number, but given: %+" PRIsVALUE,
+                       param));
+        }
+      } else if (operation_id == rb_intern("set_doc")) {
+        cb_check_type(param, T_STRING);
+        cxx_specs.push_back(
+          couchbase::mutate_in_specs::replace_raw("", cb_binary_new(param), expand_macros)
+            .xattr(xattr));
+      } else if (operation_id == rb_intern("remove_doc")) {
+        cxx_specs.push_back(couchbase::mutate_in_specs::remove("").xattr(xattr));
+      } else {
+        throw ruby_exception(
+          exc_invalid_argument(),
+          rb_sprintf("unsupported operation for subdocument mutation: %+" PRIsVALUE, operation));
+      }
+    }
+
+    auto f = cluster.bucket(cb_string_new(bucket))
+               .scope(cb_string_new(scope))
+               .collection(cb_string_new(collection))
+               .mutate_in(cb_string_new(id), cxx_specs, opts);
+
+    auto [ctx, resp] = cb_wait_for_future(f);
+    if (ctx.ec()) {
+      cb_throw_error(ctx, "unable to mutate_in");
+    }
+
+    static VALUE deleted_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("deleted"));
+    static VALUE fields_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("fields"));
+    static VALUE index_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("index"));
+    static VALUE cas_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("cas"));
+    static VALUE value_property = rb_id2sym(rb_intern("value"));
+
+    VALUE res = to_mutation_result_value(resp);
+    rb_hash_aset(res, deleted_property, resp.is_deleted() ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+    if (!ctx.ec()) {
+      rb_hash_aset(res, cas_property, cb_cas_to_num(resp.cas()));
+
+      VALUE fields = rb_ary_new_capa(static_cast<long>(entries_size));
+      rb_hash_aset(res, fields_property, fields);
+      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < entries_size; ++i) {
+        VALUE entry = rb_hash_new();
+        rb_hash_aset(entry, index_property, ULL2NUM(i));
+        rb_hash_aset(entry,
+                     path_property,
+                     rb_hash_aref(rb_ary_entry(specs, static_cast<long>(i)), path_property));
+        if (resp.has_value(i)) {
+          auto value = resp.content_as<tao::json::value>(i);
+          rb_hash_aset(entry, value_property, cb_str_new(core::utils::json::generate(value)));
+        }
+        rb_ary_store(fields, static_cast<long>(i), entry);
+      }
+    }
+    return res;
+  } catch (const std::system_error& se) {
+    rb_exc_raise(cb_map_error_code(
+      se.code(), fmt::format("failed to perform {}: {}", __func__, se.what()), false));
+  } catch (const ruby_exception& e) {
+    rb_exc_raise(e.exception_object());
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+void
+init_crud(VALUE cBackend)
+{
+  rb_define_method(cBackend, "document_get", cb_Backend_document_get, 5);
+  rb_define_method(cBackend, "document_get_any_replica", cb_Backend_document_get_any_replica, 5);
+  rb_define_method(cBackend, "document_get_all_replicas", cb_Backend_document_get_all_replicas, 5);
+  rb_define_method(cBackend, "document_get_projected", cb_Backend_document_get_projected, 5);
+  rb_define_method(cBackend, "document_get_and_lock", cb_Backend_document_get_and_lock, 6);
+  rb_define_method(cBackend, "document_get_and_touch", cb_Backend_document_get_and_touch, 6);
+  rb_define_method(cBackend, "document_insert", cb_Backend_document_insert, 7);
+  rb_define_method(cBackend, "document_replace", cb_Backend_document_replace, 7);
+  rb_define_method(cBackend, "document_upsert", cb_Backend_document_upsert, 7);
+  rb_define_method(cBackend, "document_append", cb_Backend_document_append, 6);
+  rb_define_method(cBackend, "document_prepend", cb_Backend_document_prepend, 6);
+  rb_define_method(cBackend, "document_remove", cb_Backend_document_remove, 5);
+  rb_define_method(cBackend, "document_lookup_in", cb_Backend_document_lookup_in, 6);
+  rb_define_method(
+    cBackend, "document_lookup_in_any_replica", cb_Backend_document_lookup_in_any_replica, 6);
+  rb_define_method(
+    cBackend, "document_lookup_in_all_replicas", cb_Backend_document_lookup_in_all_replicas, 6);
+  rb_define_method(cBackend, "document_mutate_in", cb_Backend_document_mutate_in, 6);
+  rb_define_method(cBackend, "document_touch", cb_Backend_document_touch, 6);
+  rb_define_method(cBackend, "document_exists", cb_Backend_document_exists, 5);
+  rb_define_method(cBackend, "document_unlock", cb_Backend_document_unlock, 6);
+  rb_define_method(cBackend, "document_increment", cb_Backend_document_increment, 5);
+  rb_define_method(cBackend, "document_decrement", cb_Backend_document_decrement, 5);
+}
+} // namespace couchbase::ruby