couchbase 3.0.0.alpha.4-x86_64-linux → 3.5.0-x86_64-linux

data/ext/third_party/gsl/tests/multi_span_tests.cpp

@@ -1,1866 +0,0 @@
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
-//
-// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT).
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-//
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
-#include <gsl/gsl_byte>   // for byte
-#include <gsl/gsl_util>   // for narrow_cast
-#include <gsl/multi_span> // for multi_span, contiguous_span_iterator, dim
-
-#include <algorithm> // for fill, for_each
-#include <array>     // for array
-#include <iostream>  // for ptrdiff_t, size_t
-#include <iterator>  // for reverse_iterator, begin, end, operator!=
-#include <numeric>   // for iota
-#include <stddef.h>  // for ptrdiff_t
-#include <string>    // for string
-#include <vector>    // for vector
-
-namespace gsl
-{
-struct fail_fast;
-} // namespace gsl
-
-using namespace std;
-using namespace gsl;
-
-namespace
-{
-static constexpr char deathstring[] = "Expected Death";
-struct BaseClass
-{
-};
-struct DerivedClass : BaseClass
-{
-};
-
-void overloaded_func(multi_span<const int, dynamic_range, 3, 5> exp, int expected_value)
-{
-    for (auto val : exp) { EXPECT_TRUE(val == expected_value); }
-}
-
-void overloaded_func(multi_span<const char, dynamic_range, 3, 5> exp, char expected_value)
-{
-    for (auto val : exp) { EXPECT_TRUE(val == expected_value); }
-}
-
-void iterate_second_column(multi_span<int, dynamic_range, dynamic_range> av)
-{
-    auto length = av.size() / 2;
-
-    // view to the second column
-    auto section = av.section({0, 1}, {length, 1});
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(section.size() == length);
-    for (auto i = 0; i < section.size(); ++i) { EXPECT_TRUE(section[i][0] == av[i][1]); }
-
-    for (auto i = 0; i < section.size(); ++i)
-    {
-        auto idx = multi_span_index<2>{i, 0}; // avoid braces inside the CHECK macro
-        EXPECT_TRUE(section[idx] == av[i][1]);
-    }
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(section.bounds().index_bounds()[0] == length);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(section.bounds().index_bounds()[1] == 1);
-    for (auto i = 0; i < section.bounds().index_bounds()[0]; ++i)
-    {
-        for (auto j = 0; j < section.bounds().index_bounds()[1]; ++j)
-        {
-            auto idx = multi_span_index<2>{i, j}; // avoid braces inside the CHECK macro
-            EXPECT_TRUE(section[idx] == av[i][1]);
-        }
-    }
-
-    auto check_sum = 0;
-    for (auto i = 0; i < length; ++i) { check_sum += av[i][1]; }
-
-    {
-        auto idx = 0;
-        auto sum = 0;
-        for (auto num : section)
-        {
-            EXPECT_TRUE(num == av[idx][1]);
-            sum += num;
-            idx++;
-        }
-
-        EXPECT_TRUE(sum == check_sum);
-    }
-    {
-        auto idx = length - 1;
-        auto sum = 0;
-        for (auto iter = section.rbegin(); iter != section.rend(); ++iter)
-        {
-            EXPECT_TRUE(*iter == av[idx][1]);
-            sum += *iter;
-            idx--;
-        }
-
-        EXPECT_TRUE(sum == check_sum);
-    }
-}
-template <class Bounds>
-void fn(const Bounds&)
-{
-    static_assert(Bounds::static_size == 60, "static bounds is wrong size");
-}
-
-} // namespace
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, default_constructor)
-{
-    {
-        multi_span<int> s;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == nullptr);
-
-        multi_span<const int> cs;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.data() == nullptr);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 0> s;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == nullptr);
-
-        multi_span<const int, 0> cs;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.data() == nullptr);
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        multi_span<int, 1> s;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == nullptr); // explains why it can't compile
-#endif
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int> s{};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == nullptr);
-
-        multi_span<const int> cs{};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.data() == nullptr);
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, from_nullptr_constructor)
-{
-    {
-        multi_span<int> s = nullptr;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == nullptr);
-
-        multi_span<const int> cs = nullptr;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.data() == nullptr);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 0> s = nullptr;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == nullptr);
-
-        multi_span<const int, 0> cs = nullptr;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.data() == nullptr);
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        multi_span<int, 1> s = nullptr;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == nullptr); // explains why it can't compile
-#endif
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int> s{nullptr};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == nullptr);
-
-        multi_span<const int> cs{nullptr};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.data() == nullptr);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int*> s{nullptr};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == nullptr);
-
-        multi_span<const int*> cs{nullptr};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.data() == nullptr);
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, from_nullptr_length_constructor) {
-    {
-        multi_span<int> s{nullptr, 0};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == nullptr);
-
-        multi_span<const int> cs{nullptr, 0};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.data() == nullptr);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 0> s{nullptr, 0};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == nullptr);
-
-        multi_span<const int, 0> cs{nullptr, 0};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.data() == nullptr);
-    }
-
-    std::set_terminate([] {
-        std::cerr << "Expected Death. from_nullptr_length_constructor";
-        std::abort();
-    });
-
-    {
-        auto workaround_macro = []() { const multi_span<int> s{nullptr, 1}; };
-        EXPECT_DEATH(workaround_macro(), deathstring);
-
-        auto const_workaround_macro = []() { const multi_span<const int> cs{nullptr, 1}; };
-        EXPECT_DEATH(const_workaround_macro(), deathstring);
-    }
-
-    {
-        auto workaround_macro = []() { const multi_span<int, 0> s{nullptr, 1}; };
-        EXPECT_DEATH(workaround_macro(), deathstring);
-
-        auto const_workaround_macro = []() { const multi_span<const int, 0> s{nullptr, 1}; };
-        EXPECT_DEATH(const_workaround_macro(), deathstring);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int*> s{nullptr, 0};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == nullptr);
-
-        multi_span<const int*> cs{nullptr, 0};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.data() == nullptr);
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        multi_span<int, 1> s{nullptr, 0};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == nullptr); // explains why it can't compile
-#endif
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, from_element_constructor)
-{
-    int i = 5;
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int> s = i;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &i);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s[0] == 5);
-
-        multi_span<const int> cs = i;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.length() ==  1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.data() == &i);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs[0] == 5);
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        const j = 1;
-        multi_span<int, 0> s = j;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        multi_span<int, 0> s = i;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &i);
-#endif
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 1> s = i;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &i);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s[0] == 5);
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        multi_span<int, 2> s = i;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &i);
-#endif
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        auto get_a_temp = []() -> int { return 4; };
-        auto use_a_span = [](multi_span<int> s) { (void) s; };
-        use_a_span(get_a_temp());
-#endif
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, from_pointer_length_constructor)
-{
-    int arr[4] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int> s{&arr[0], 2};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr[0]);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s[0] ==  1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s[1] == 2);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 2> s{&arr[0], 2};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr[0]);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s[0] ==  1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s[1] == 2);
-    }
-
-    {
-        int* p = nullptr;
-        multi_span<int> s{p, 0};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == nullptr);
-    }
-
-    std::set_terminate([] {
-        std::cerr << "Expected Death. from_pointer_length_constructor";
-        std::abort();
-    });
-
-    {
-        int* p = nullptr;
-        auto workaround_macro = [=]() { const multi_span<int> s{p, 2}; };
-        EXPECT_DEATH(workaround_macro(), deathstring);
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, from_pointer_pointer_constructor)
-{
-    int arr[4] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int> s{&arr[0], &arr[2]};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr[0]);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s[0] ==  1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s[1] == 2);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 2> s{&arr[0], &arr[2]};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr[0]);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s[0] ==  1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s[1] == 2);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int> s{&arr[0], &arr[0]};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr[0]);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 0> s{&arr[0], &arr[0]};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr[0]);
-    }
-
-
-    std::set_terminate([] {
-        std::cerr << "Expected Death. from_pointer_pointer_constructor";
-        std::abort();
-    });
-
-    {
-        auto workaround_macro = [&]() { const multi_span<int> s{&arr[1], &arr[0]}; };
-        EXPECT_DEATH(workaround_macro(), deathstring);
-    }
-
-    {
-        int* p = nullptr;
-        auto workaround_macro = [&]() { const multi_span<int> s{&arr[0], p}; };
-        EXPECT_DEATH(workaround_macro(), deathstring);
-    }
-
-    {
-        int* p = nullptr;
-        auto workaround_macro = [&]() { const multi_span<int> s{p, p}; };
-        EXPECT_DEATH(workaround_macro(), deathstring);
-    }
-
-    {
-        int* p = nullptr;
-        auto workaround_macro = [&]() { const multi_span<int> s{&arr[0], p}; };
-        EXPECT_DEATH(workaround_macro(), deathstring);
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, from_array_constructor)
-{
-    int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int> s{arr};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  5);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr[0]);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 5> s{arr};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  5);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr[0]);
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        multi_span<int, 6> s{arr};
-#endif
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 0> s{arr};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr[0]);
-    }
-
-    int arr2d[2][3] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int> s{arr2d};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  6);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr2d[0][0]);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s[0] ==  1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s[5] == 6);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 0> s{arr2d};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr2d[0][0]);
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        multi_span<int, 5> s{arr2d};
-#endif
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 6> s{arr2d};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  6);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr2d[0][0]);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s[0] ==  1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s[5] == 6);
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        multi_span<int, 7> s{arr2d};
-#endif
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int[3]> s{arr2d[0]};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr2d[0]);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 2, 3> s{arr2d};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  6);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr2d[0][0]);
-        auto workaround_macro = [&]() { return s[{1, 2}] == 6; };
-        EXPECT_TRUE(workaround_macro());
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        multi_span<int, 3, 3> s{arr2d};
-#endif
-    }
-
-    int arr3d[2][3][2] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int> s{arr3d};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  12);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr3d[0][0][0]);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s[0] ==  1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s[11] == 12);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 0> s{arr3d};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr3d[0][0][0]);
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        multi_span<int, 11> s{arr3d};
-#endif
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 12> s{arr3d};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  12);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr3d[0][0][0]);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s[0] ==  1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s[5] == 6);
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        multi_span<int, 13> s{arr3d};
-#endif
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int[3][2]> s{arr3d[0]};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr3d[0]);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 3, 2, 2> s{arr3d};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  12);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr3d[0][0][0]);
-        auto workaround_macro = [&]() { return s[{2, 1, 0}] == 11; };
-        EXPECT_TRUE(workaround_macro());
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        multi_span<int, 3, 3, 3> s{arr3d};
-#endif
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, from_dynamic_array_constructor)
-{
-    double(*arr)[3][4] = new double[100][3][4];
-
-    std::set_terminate([] {
-        std::cerr << "Expected Death. from_nullptr_length_constructor";
-        std::abort();
-    });
-
-    {
-        multi_span<double, dynamic_range, 3, 4> s(arr, 10);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  120);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr[0][0][0]);
-        EXPECT_DEATH(s[10][3][4], deathstring);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<double, dynamic_range, 4, 3> s(arr, 10);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  120);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr[0][0][0]);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<double> s(arr, 10);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  120);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr[0][0][0]);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<double, dynamic_range, 3, 4> s(arr, 0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr[0][0][0]);
-    }
-
-    delete[] arr;
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, from_std_array_constructor)
-{
-    std::array<int, 4> arr = {1, 2, 3, 4};
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int> s{arr};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.size() ==  narrow_cast<ptrdiff_t>(arr.size()));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == arr.data());
-
-        multi_span<const int> cs{arr};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.size() ==  narrow_cast<ptrdiff_t>(arr.size()));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.data() == arr.data());
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 4> s{arr};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.size() ==  narrow_cast<ptrdiff_t>(arr.size()));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == arr.data());
-
-        multi_span<const int, 4> cs{arr};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.size() ==  narrow_cast<ptrdiff_t>(arr.size()));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.data() == arr.data());
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 2> s{arr};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.size() ==  2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == arr.data());
-
-        multi_span<const int, 2> cs{arr};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.size() ==  2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.data() == arr.data());
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 0> s{arr};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.size() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == arr.data());
-
-        multi_span<const int, 0> cs{arr};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.size() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.data() == arr.data());
-    }
-
-    // TODO This is currently an unsupported scenario. We will come back to it as we revise
-    // the multidimensional interface and what transformations between dimensionality look like
-    //{
-    //    multi_span<int, 2, 2> s{arr};
-    //    EXPECT_TRUE(s.size() == narrow_cast<ptrdiff_t>(arr.size()));
-    //    EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == arr.data());
-    //}
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        multi_span<int, 5> s{arr};
-#endif
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        auto get_an_array = []() { return std::array<int, 4>{1, 2, 3, 4}; };
-        auto take_a_span = [](multi_span<int> s) { (void) s; };
-        // try to take a temporary std::array
-        take_a_span(get_an_array());
-#endif
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, from_const_std_array_constructor)
-{
-    const std::array<int, 4> arr = {1, 2, 3, 4};
-
-    {
-        multi_span<const int> s{arr};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.size() ==  narrow_cast<ptrdiff_t>(arr.size()));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == arr.data());
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<const int, 4> s{arr};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.size() ==  narrow_cast<ptrdiff_t>(arr.size()));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == arr.data());
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<const int, 2> s{arr};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.size() ==  2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == arr.data());
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<const int, 0> s{arr};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.size() ==  0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == arr.data());
-    }
-
-    // TODO This is currently an unsupported scenario. We will come back to it as we revise
-    // the multidimensional interface and what transformations between dimensionality look like
-    //{
-    //    multi_span<int, 2, 2> s{arr};
-    //    EXPECT_TRUE(s.size() == narrow_cast<ptrdiff_t>(arr.size()));
-    //    EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == arr.data());
-    //}
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        multi_span<const int, 5> s{arr};
-#endif
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        auto get_an_array = []() -> const std::array<int, 4> { return {1, 2, 3, 4}; };
-        auto take_a_span = [](multi_span<const int> s) { (void) s; };
-        // try to take a temporary std::array
-        take_a_span(get_an_array());
-#endif
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, from_container_constructor)
-{
-    std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3};
-    const std::vector<int> cv = v;
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int> s{v};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.size() ==  narrow_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(v.size()));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == v.data());
-
-        multi_span<const int> cs{v};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.size() ==  narrow_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(v.size()));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.data() == v.data());
-    }
-
-    std::string str = "hello";
-    const std::string cstr = "hello";
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        multi_span<char> s{str};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.size() ==  narrow_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(str.size()));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == str.data());
-#endif
-        multi_span<const char> cs{str};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.size() ==  narrow_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(str.size()));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.data() == str.data());
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        multi_span<char> s{cstr};
-#endif
-        multi_span<const char> cs{cstr};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.size() ==  narrow_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(cstr.size()));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(cs.data() == cstr.data());
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        auto get_temp_vector = []() -> std::vector<int> { return {}; };
-        auto use_span = [](multi_span<int> s) { (void) s; };
-        use_span(get_temp_vector());
-#endif
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        auto get_temp_string = []() -> std::string { return {}; };
-        auto use_span = [](multi_span<char> s) { (void) s; };
-        use_span(get_temp_string());
-#endif
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        auto get_temp_vector = []() -> const std::vector<int> { return {}; };
-        auto use_span = [](multi_span<const char> s) { (void) s; };
-        use_span(get_temp_vector());
-#endif
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        auto get_temp_string = []() -> const std::string { return {}; };
-        auto use_span = [](multi_span<const char> s) { (void) s; };
-        use_span(get_temp_string());
-#endif
-    }
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        std::map<int, int> m;
-        multi_span<int> s{m};
-#endif
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, from_convertible_span_constructor)
-{
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-    multi_span<int, 7, 4, 2> av1(nullptr, b1);
-
-    std::set_terminate([] {
-        std::cerr << "Expected Death. from_convertible_span_constructor";
-        std::abort();
-    });
-
-    auto f = [&]() { multi_span<int, 7, 4, 2> av1(nullptr); };
-    EXPECT_DEATH(f(), deathstring);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-    static_bounds<std::size_t, 7, dynamic_range, 2> b12(b11);
-    b12 = b11;
-    b11 = b12;
-
-    multi_span<int, dynamic_range> av1 = nullptr;
-    multi_span<int, 7, dynamic_range, 2> av2(av1);
-    multi_span<int, 7, 4, 2> av2(av1);
-#endif
-
-    multi_span<DerivedClass> avd;
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-    multi_span<BaseClass> avb = avd;
-#endif
-    multi_span<const DerivedClass> avcd = avd;
-    (void) avcd;
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, copy_move_and_assignment)
-{
-    multi_span<int> s1;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(s1.empty());
-
-    int arr[] = {3, 4, 5};
-
-    multi_span<const int> s2 = arr;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(s2.length() ==  3);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(s2.data() == &arr[0]);
-
-    s2 = s1;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(s2.empty());
-
-    auto get_temp_span = [&]() -> multi_span<int> { return {&arr[1], 2}; };
-    auto use_span = [&](multi_span<const int> s) {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.length() ==  2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.data() == &arr[1]);
-    };
-    use_span(get_temp_span());
-
-    s1 = get_temp_span();
-    EXPECT_TRUE(s1.length() ==  2);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(s1.data() == &arr[1]);
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, as_multi_span_reshape)
-{
-    int a[3][4][5];
-    auto av = as_multi_span(a);
-    fn(av.bounds());
-    auto av2 = as_multi_span(av, dim<60>());
-    auto av3 = as_multi_span(av2, dim<3>(), dim<4>(), dim<5>());
-    auto av4 = as_multi_span(av3, dim<4>(), dim(3), dim<5>());
-    auto av5 = as_multi_span(av4, dim<3>(), dim<4>(), dim<5>());
-    auto av6 = as_multi_span(av5, dim<12>(), dim(5));
-
-    fill(av6.begin(), av6.end(), 1);
-
-    auto av7 = as_bytes(av6);
-
-    auto av8 = as_multi_span<int>(av7);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(av8.size() == av6.size());
-    for (auto i = 0; i < av8.size(); i++) { EXPECT_TRUE(av8[i] == 1); }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, first)
-{
-    int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 5> av = arr;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.first<2>().bounds() == static_bounds<2>());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.first<2>().length() == 2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.first(2).length() == 2);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 5> av = arr;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.first<0>().bounds() == static_bounds<0>());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.first<0>().length() == 0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.first(0).length() == 0);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 5> av = arr;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.first<5>().bounds() == static_bounds<5>());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.first<5>().length() == 5);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.first(5).length() == 5);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 5> av = arr;
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.first<6>().bounds() == static_bounds<6>());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.first<6>().length() == 6);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.first<-1>().length() == -1);
-#endif
-
-        std::set_terminate([] {
-            std::cerr << "Expected Death. first";
-            std::abort();
-        });
-
-        EXPECT_DEATH(av.first(6).length(), deathstring);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, dynamic_range> av;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.first<0>().bounds() == static_bounds<0>());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.first<0>().length() == 0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.first(0).length() == 0);
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, last)
-{
-    int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 5> av = arr;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.last<2>().bounds() == static_bounds<2>());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.last<2>().length() == 2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.last(2).length() == 2);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 5> av = arr;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.last<0>().bounds() == static_bounds<0>());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.last<0>().length() == 0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.last(0).length() == 0);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 5> av = arr;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.last<5>().bounds() == static_bounds<5>());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.last<5>().length() == 5);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.last(5).length() == 5);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 5> av = arr;
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.last<6>().bounds() == static_bounds<6>());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.last<6>().length() == 6);
-#endif
-
-        std::set_terminate([] {
-            std::cerr << "Expected Death. last";
-            std::abort();
-        });
-
-        EXPECT_DEATH(av.last(6).length(), deathstring);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, dynamic_range> av;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.last<0>().bounds() == static_bounds<0>());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.last<0>().length() == 0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.last(0).length() == 0);
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, subspan)
-{
-    int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 5> av = arr;
-        EXPECT_TRUE((av.subspan<2, 2>().bounds()) == static_bounds<2>());
-        EXPECT_TRUE((av.subspan<2, 2>().length()) == 2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.subspan(2, 2).length() == 2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.subspan(2, 3).length() == 3);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 5> av = arr;
-        EXPECT_TRUE((av.subspan<0, 0>().bounds()) == static_bounds<0>());
-        EXPECT_TRUE((av.subspan<0, 0>().length()) == 0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.subspan(0, 0).length() == 0);
-    }
-
-
-    std::set_terminate([] {
-        std::cerr << "Expected Death. subspan";
-        std::abort();
-    });
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 5> av = arr;
-        EXPECT_TRUE((av.subspan<0, 5>().bounds()) == static_bounds<5>());
-        EXPECT_TRUE((av.subspan<0, 5>().length()) == 5);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.subspan(0, 5).length() == 5);
-        EXPECT_DEATH(av.subspan(0, 6).length(), deathstring);
-        EXPECT_DEATH(av.subspan(1, 5).length(), deathstring);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 5> av = arr;
-        EXPECT_TRUE((av.subspan<5, 0>().bounds()) == static_bounds<0>());
-        EXPECT_TRUE((av.subspan<5, 0>().length()) == 0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.subspan(5, 0).length() == 0);
-        EXPECT_DEATH(av.subspan(6, 0).length(), deathstring);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, dynamic_range> av;
-        EXPECT_TRUE((av.subspan<0, 0>().bounds()) == static_bounds<0>());
-        EXPECT_TRUE((av.subspan<0, 0>().length()) == 0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.subspan(0, 0).length() == 0);
-        EXPECT_DEATH((av.subspan<1, 0>().length()), deathstring);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int> av;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.subspan(0).length() == 0);
-        EXPECT_DEATH(av.subspan(1).length(), deathstring);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int> av = arr;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.subspan(0).length() == 5);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.subspan(1).length() == 4);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.subspan(4).length() == 1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.subspan(5).length() == 0);
-        // Disabled test instead of fixing since multi_span is deprecated. (PR#835)
-#if !(defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ == 8)
-        EXPECT_DEATH(av.subspan(6).length(), deathstring);
-#endif
-        auto av2 = av.subspan(1);
-        for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) EXPECT_TRUE(av2[i] == i + 2);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 5> av = arr;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.subspan(0).length() == 5);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.subspan(1).length() == 4);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.subspan(4).length() == 1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av.subspan(5).length() == 0);
-        EXPECT_DEATH(av.subspan(6).length(), deathstring);
-        auto av2 = av.subspan(1);
-        for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) EXPECT_TRUE(av2[i] == i + 2);
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, rank)
-{
-    int arr[2] = {1, 2};
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int> s;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.rank() == static_cast<size_t>(1));
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 2> s = arr;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.rank() == static_cast<size_t>(1));
-    }
-
-    int arr2d[1][1] = {};
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 1, 1> s = arr2d;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.rank() == static_cast<size_t>(2));
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, extent)
-{
-    std::set_terminate([] {
-        std::cerr << "Expected Death. extent";
-        std::abort();
-    });
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int> s;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.extent() == 0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.extent(0) == 0);
-        EXPECT_DEATH(s.extent(1), deathstring);
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.extent<1>() == 0);
-#endif
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 0> s;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.extent() == 0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.extent(0) == 0);
-        EXPECT_DEATH(s.extent(1), deathstring);
-    }
-
-    {
-        int arr2d[1][2] = {};
-
-        multi_span<int, 1, 2> s = arr2d;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.extent() == 1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.extent<0>() == 1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.extent<1>() == 2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.extent(0) == 1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.extent(1) == 2);
-        EXPECT_DEATH(s.extent(3), deathstring);
-    }
-
-    {
-        int arr2d[1][2] = {};
-
-        multi_span<int, 0, 2> s = arr2d;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.extent() == 0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.extent<0>() == 0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.extent<1>() == 2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.extent(0) == 0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.extent(1) == 2);
-        EXPECT_DEATH(s.extent(3), deathstring);
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, operator_function_call)
-{
-    int arr[4] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
-
-    std::set_terminate([] {
-        std::cerr << "Expected Death. operator_function_call";
-        std::abort();
-    });
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int> s = arr;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s(0) == 1);
-        EXPECT_DEATH(s(5), deathstring);
-    }
-
-    int arr2d[2][3] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 2, 3> s = arr2d;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s(0, 0) == 1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s(0, 1) == 2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s(1, 2) == 6);
-    }
-
-    int arr3d[2][2][2] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 2, 2, 2> s = arr3d;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s(0, 0, 0) == 1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s(1, 1, 1) == 8);
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, comparison_operators)
-{
-    {
-        int arr[10][2];
-        auto s1 = as_multi_span(arr);
-        multi_span<const int, dynamic_range, 2> s2 = s1;
-
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s1 == s2);
-
-        multi_span<int, 20> s3 = as_multi_span(s1, dim(20));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s3 == s2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s3 == s1);
-    }
-    {
-        multi_span<int> s1 = nullptr;
-        multi_span<int> s2 = nullptr;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s1 == s2);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s1 != s2);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s1 < s2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s1 <= s2);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s1 > s2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s1 >= s2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s2 == s1);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s2 != s1);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s2 < s1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s2 <= s1);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s2 > s1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s2 >= s1);
-    }
-
-
-    {
-        int arr[] = {2, 1}; // bigger
-
-        multi_span<int> s1 = nullptr;
-        multi_span<int> s2 = arr;
-
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s1 != s2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s2 != s1);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s1 == s2);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s2 == s1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s1 < s2);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s2 < s1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s1 <= s2);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s2 <= s1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s2 > s1);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s1 > s2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s2 >= s1);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s1 >= s2);
-    }
-
-    {
-        int arr1[] = {1, 2};
-        int arr2[] = {1, 2};
-        multi_span<int> s1 = arr1;
-        multi_span<int> s2 = arr2;
-
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s1 == s2);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s1 != s2);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s1 < s2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s1 <= s2);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s1 > s2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s1 >= s2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s2 == s1);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s2 != s1);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s2 < s1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s2 <= s1);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s2 > s1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s2 >= s1);
-    }
-
-    {
-        int arr[] = {1, 2, 3};
-
-        multi_span<int> s1 = {&arr[0], 2}; // shorter
-        multi_span<int> s2 = arr;          // longer
-
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s1 != s2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s2 != s1);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s1 == s2);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s2 == s1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s1 < s2);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s2 < s1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s1 <= s2);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s2 <= s1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s2 > s1);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s1 > s2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s2 >= s1);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s1 >= s2);
-    }
-
-    {
-        int arr1[] = {1, 2}; // smaller
-        int arr2[] = {2, 1}; // bigger
-
-        multi_span<int> s1 = arr1;
-        multi_span<int> s2 = arr2;
-
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s1 != s2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s2 != s1);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s1 == s2);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s2 == s1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s1 < s2);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s2 < s1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s1 <= s2);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s2 <= s1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s2 > s1);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s1 > s2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s2 >= s1);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s1 >= s2);
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, basics)
-{
-    auto ptr = as_multi_span(new int[10], 10);
-    fill(ptr.begin(), ptr.end(), 99);
-    for (int num : ptr) { EXPECT_TRUE(num == 99); }
-
-    delete[] ptr.data();
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, bounds_checks)
-{
-    int arr[10][2];
-    auto av = as_multi_span(arr);
-
-    fill(begin(av), end(av), 0);
-
-    av[2][0] = 1;
-    av[1][1] = 3;
-
-    std::set_terminate([] {
-        std::cerr << "Expected Death. bounds_check";
-        std::abort();
-    });
-
-    // out of bounds
-    EXPECT_DEATH(av[1][3] = 3, deathstring);
-    EXPECT_DEATH((av[{1, 3}] = 3), deathstring);
-
-    EXPECT_DEATH(av[10][2], deathstring);
-    EXPECT_DEATH((av[{10, 2}]), deathstring);
-
-    EXPECT_DEATH(av[-1][0], deathstring);
-    EXPECT_DEATH((av[{-1, 0}]), deathstring);
-
-    EXPECT_DEATH(av[0][-1], deathstring);
-    EXPECT_DEATH((av[{0, -1}]), deathstring);
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, span_parameter_test)
-{
-    auto data = new int[4][3][5];
-
-    auto av = as_multi_span(data, 4);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(av.size() == 60);
-
-    fill(av.begin(), av.end(), 34);
-
-    int count = 0;
-    for_each(av.rbegin(), av.rend(), [&](int val) { count += val; });
-    EXPECT_TRUE(count == 34 * 60);
-    overloaded_func(av, 34);
-
-    overloaded_func(as_multi_span(av, dim(4), dim(3), dim(5)), 34);
-
-    delete[] data;
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, md_access)
-{
-    auto width = 5, height = 20;
-
-    auto imgSize = width * height;
-    auto image_ptr = new int[narrow_cast<std::size_t>(imgSize)][3];
-
-    // size check will be done
-    auto image_view =
-        as_multi_span(as_multi_span(image_ptr, imgSize), dim(height), dim(width), dim<3>());
-
-    iota(image_view.begin(), image_view.end(), 1);
-
-    int expected = 0;
-    for (auto i = 0; i < height; i++)
-    {
-        for (auto j = 0; j < width; j++)
-        {
-            EXPECT_TRUE(expected + 1 == image_view[i][j][0]);
-            EXPECT_TRUE(expected + 2 == image_view[i][j][1]);
-            EXPECT_TRUE(expected + 3 == image_view[i][j][2]);
-
-            auto val = image_view[{i, j, 0}];
-            EXPECT_TRUE(expected + 1 == val);
-            val = image_view[{i, j, 1}];
-            EXPECT_TRUE(expected + 2 == val);
-            val = image_view[{i, j, 2}];
-            EXPECT_TRUE(expected + 3 == val);
-
-            expected += 3;
-        }
-    }
-
-    delete[] image_ptr;
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, as_multi_span)
-{
-    {
-        int* arr = new int[150];
-
-        auto av = as_multi_span(arr, dim<10>(), dim(3), dim<5>());
-
-        fill(av.begin(), av.end(), 24);
-        overloaded_func(av, 24);
-
-        delete[] arr;
-
-        array<int, 15> stdarr{0};
-        auto av2 = as_multi_span(stdarr);
-        overloaded_func(as_multi_span(av2, dim(1), dim<3>(), dim<5>()), 0);
-
-        string str = "ttttttttttttttt"; // size = 15
-        auto t = str.data();
-        GSL_SUPPRESS(type.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // TODO: false positive
-        (void) t;
-        auto av3 = as_multi_span(str);
-        overloaded_func(as_multi_span(av3, dim(1), dim<3>(), dim<5>()), 't');
-    }
-
-    {
-        string str;
-        multi_span<char> strspan = as_multi_span(str);
-        (void) strspan;
-        const string cstr;
-        multi_span<const char> cstrspan = as_multi_span(cstr);
-        (void) cstrspan;
-    }
-
-    {
-        int a[3][4][5];
-        auto av = as_multi_span(a);
-        const int(*b)[4][5];
-        b = a;
-        auto bv = as_multi_span(b, 3);
-
-        EXPECT_TRUE(av == bv);
-
-        const std::array<double, 3> arr = {0.0, 0.0, 0.0};
-        auto cv = as_multi_span(arr);
-        (void) cv;
-
-        vector<float> vec(3);
-        auto dv = as_multi_span(vec);
-        (void) dv;
-
-    #ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        auto dv2 = as_multi_span(std::move(vec));
-    #endif
-
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, empty_spans)
-{
-    std::set_terminate([] {
-        std::cerr << "Expected Death. empty_spans";
-        std::abort();
-    });
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 0> empty_av(nullptr);
-
-        EXPECT_TRUE(empty_av.bounds().index_bounds() == multi_span_index<1>{0});
-        EXPECT_DEATH(empty_av[0], deathstring);
-        EXPECT_DEATH(empty_av.begin()[0], deathstring);
-        EXPECT_DEATH(empty_av.cbegin()[0], deathstring);
-        for (auto& v : empty_av)
-        {
-            (void) v;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(false);
-        }
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int> empty_av = {};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(empty_av.bounds().index_bounds() == multi_span_index<1>{0});
-        EXPECT_DEATH(empty_av[0], deathstring);
-        EXPECT_DEATH(empty_av.begin()[0], deathstring);
-        EXPECT_DEATH(empty_av.cbegin()[0], deathstring);
-        for (auto& v : empty_av)
-        {
-            (void) v;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(false);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, index_constructor)
-{
-    auto arr = new int[8];
-    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
-    {
-        arr[2 * i] = 4 + i;
-        arr[2 * i + 1] = i;
-    }
-
-    multi_span<int, dynamic_range> av(arr, 8);
-
-    ptrdiff_t a[1] = {0};
-    multi_span_index<1> i = a;
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(av[i] == 4);
-
-    auto av2 = as_multi_span(av, dim<4>(), dim(2));
-    ptrdiff_t a2[2] = {0, 1};
-    multi_span_index<2> i2 = a2;
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(av2[i2] == 0);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(av2[0][i] == 4);
-
-    delete[] arr;
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, index_constructors)
-{
-    {
-        // components of the same type
-        multi_span_index<3> i1(0, 1, 2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i1[0] == 0);
-
-        // components of different types
-        std::size_t c0 = 0;
-        std::size_t c1 = 1;
-        multi_span_index<3> i2(c0, c1, 2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i2[0] == 0);
-
-        // from array
-        multi_span_index<3> i3 = {0, 1, 2};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i3[0] == 0);
-
-        // from other index of the same size type
-        multi_span_index<3> i4 = i3;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i4[0] == 0);
-
-        // default
-        multi_span_index<3> i7;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i7[0] == 0);
-
-        // default
-        multi_span_index<3> i9 = {};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i9[0] == 0);
-    }
-
-    {
-        // components of the same type
-        multi_span_index<1> i1(0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i1[0] == 0);
-
-        // components of different types
-        std::size_t c0 = 0;
-        multi_span_index<1> i2(c0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i2[0] == 0);
-
-        // from array
-        multi_span_index<1> i3 = {0};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i3[0] == 0);
-
-        // from int
-        multi_span_index<1> i4 = 0;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i4[0] == 0);
-
-        // from other index of the same size type
-        multi_span_index<1> i5 = i3;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i5[0] == 0);
-
-        // default
-        multi_span_index<1> i8;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i8[0] == 0);
-
-        // default
-        multi_span_index<1> i9 = {};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i9[0] == 0);
-    }
-
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-    {
-        multi_span_index<3> i1(0, 1);
-        multi_span_index<3> i2(0, 1, 2, 3);
-        multi_span_index<3> i3 = {0};
-        multi_span_index<3> i4 = {0, 1, 2, 3};
-        multi_span_index<1> i5 = {0, 1};
-    }
-#endif
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, index_operations)
-{
-    ptrdiff_t a[3] = {0, 1, 2};
-    ptrdiff_t b[3] = {3, 4, 5};
-    multi_span_index<3> i = a;
-    multi_span_index<3> j = b;
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(i[0] == 0);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(i[1] == 1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(i[2] == 2);
-
-    {
-        multi_span_index<3> k = i + j;
-
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i[0] == 0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i[1] == 1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i[2] == 2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(k[0] == 3);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(k[1] == 5);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(k[2] == 7);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span_index<3> k = i * 3;
-
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i[0] == 0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i[1] == 1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i[2] == 2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(k[0] == 0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(k[1] == 3);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(k[2] == 6);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span_index<3> k = 3 * i;
-
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i[0] == 0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i[1] == 1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i[2] == 2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(k[0] == 0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(k[1] == 3);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(k[2] == 6);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span_index<2> k = details::shift_left(i);
-
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i[0] == 0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i[1] == 1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(i[2] == 2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(k[0] == 1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(k[1] == 2);
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, span_section_iteration)
-{
-    int arr[4][2] = {{4, 0}, {5, 1}, {6, 2}, {7, 3}};
-
-    // static bounds
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 4, 2> av = arr;
-        iterate_second_column(av);
-    }
-    // first bound is dynamic
-    {
-        multi_span<int, dynamic_range, 2> av = arr;
-        iterate_second_column(av);
-    }
-    // second bound is dynamic
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 4, dynamic_range> av = arr;
-        iterate_second_column(av);
-    }
-    // both bounds are dynamic
-    {
-        multi_span<int, dynamic_range, dynamic_range> av = arr;
-        iterate_second_column(av);
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, dynamic_span_section_iteration)
-{
-    auto height = 4, width = 2;
-    auto size = height * width;
-
-    auto arr = new int[narrow_cast<std::size_t>(size)];
-    for (auto i = 0; i < size; ++i) { arr[i] = i; }
-
-    auto av = as_multi_span(arr, size);
-
-    // first bound is dynamic
-    {
-        multi_span<int, dynamic_range, 2> av2 = as_multi_span(av, dim(height), dim(width));
-        iterate_second_column(av2);
-    }
-    // second bound is dynamic
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 4, dynamic_range> av2 = as_multi_span(av, dim(height), dim(width));
-        iterate_second_column(av2);
-    }
-    // both bounds are dynamic
-    {
-        multi_span<int, dynamic_range, dynamic_range> av2 =
-            as_multi_span(av, dim(height), dim(width));
-        iterate_second_column(av2);
-    }
-
-    delete[] arr;
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, span_structure_size)
-{
-    double(*arr)[3][4] = new double[100][3][4];
-    multi_span<double, dynamic_range, 3, 4> av1(arr, 10);
-
-    struct EffectiveStructure
-    {
-        double* v1;
-        ptrdiff_t v2;
-    };
-    EXPECT_TRUE(sizeof(av1) == sizeof(EffectiveStructure));
-
-    std::set_terminate([] {
-        std::cerr << "Expected Death. span_structure_size";
-        std::abort();
-    });
-
-    EXPECT_DEATH(av1[10][3][4], deathstring);
-
-    multi_span<const double, dynamic_range, 6, 4> av2 =
-        as_multi_span(av1, dim(5), dim<6>(), dim<4>());
-    (void) av2;
-
-    delete[] arr;
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, fixed_size_conversions)
-{
-    int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
-
-    // converting to an multi_span from an equal size array is ok
-    multi_span<int, 4> av4 = arr;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(av4.length() == 4);
-
-    // converting to dynamic_range a_v is always ok
-    {
-        multi_span<int, dynamic_range> av = av4;
-        (void) av;
-    }
-    {
-        multi_span<int, dynamic_range> av = arr;
-        (void) av;
-    }
-
-// initialization or assignment to static multi_span that REDUCES size is NOT ok
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 2> av2 = arr;
-    }
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 2> av2 = av4;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, dynamic_range> av = arr;
-        multi_span<int, 2> av2 = av;
-        (void) av2;
-    }
-
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-    {
-        multi_span<int, dynamic_range> av = arr;
-        multi_span<int, 2, 1> av2 = av.as_multi_span(dim<2>(), dim<2>());
-    }
-#endif
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, dynamic_range> av = arr;
-        multi_span<int, 2, 1> av2 = as_multi_span(av, dim(2), dim(2));
-        auto workaround_macro = [&]() { return av2[{1, 0}] == 2; };
-        EXPECT_TRUE(workaround_macro());
-    }
-
-    // but doing so explicitly is ok
-
-    // you can convert statically
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 2> av2 = {arr, 2};
-        (void) av2;
-    }
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 1> av2 = av4.first<1>();
-        (void) av2;
-    }
-
-    // ...or dynamically
-    {
-        // NB: implicit conversion to multi_span<int,2> from multi_span<int,dynamic_range>
-        multi_span<int, 1> av2 = av4.first(1);
-        (void) av2;
-    }
-
-    // initialization or assignment to static multi_span that requires size INCREASE is not ok.
-    int arr2[2] = {1, 2};
-
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 4> av4 = arr2;
-    }
-    {
-        multi_span<int, 2> av2 = arr2;
-        multi_span<int, 4> av4 = av2;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    std::set_terminate([] {
-        std::cerr << "Expected Death. fixed_size_conversions";
-        std::abort();
-    });
-
-    {
-        auto f = [&]() {
-            const multi_span<int, 4> av9 = {arr2, 2};
-            (void) av9;
-        };
-        EXPECT_DEATH(f(), deathstring);
-    }
-
-    // this should fail - we are trying to assign a small dynamic a_v to a fixed_size larger one
-    multi_span<int, dynamic_range> av = arr2;
-    auto f = [&]() {
-        const multi_span<int, 4> av2 = av;
-        (void) av2;
-    };
-    EXPECT_DEATH(f(), deathstring);
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, as_writeable_bytes)
-{
-    int a[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
-
-    {
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-        // you should not be able to get writeable bytes for const objects
-        multi_span<const int, dynamic_range> av = a;
-        auto wav = av.as_writeable_bytes();
-#endif
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, dynamic_range> av;
-        auto wav = as_writeable_bytes(av);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(wav.length() == av.length());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(wav.length() == 0);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(wav.size_bytes() == 0);
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, dynamic_range> av = a;
-        auto wav = as_writeable_bytes(av);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(wav.data() == reinterpret_cast<byte*>(&a[0]));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(static_cast<std::size_t>(wav.length()) == sizeof(a));
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(multi_span_test, iterator)
-{
-    int a[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, dynamic_range> av = a;
-        auto wav = as_writeable_bytes(av);
-        for (auto& b : wav) {
-#if defined(__cplusplus) && (__cplusplus >= 201703L)
-            b = byte{0};
-#else
-            GSL_SUPPRESS(es.49)
-            b = byte(0);
-#endif
-        }
-
-        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
-            EXPECT_TRUE(a[i] == 0);
-        }
-    }
-
-    {
-        multi_span<int, dynamic_range> av = a;
-        for (auto& n : av) {
-            n = 1;
-        }
-        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
-            EXPECT_TRUE(a[i] == 1);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#ifdef CONFIRM_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-copy(src_span_static, dst_span_static);
-#endif