classicCMS 0.1.2

data/vendor/bundle/gems/bson_ext-1.6.1/ext/cbson/cbson.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1007 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009-2010 10gen, Inc.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * This file contains C implementations of some of the functions needed by the
+ * bson module. If possible, these implementations should be used to speed up
+ * BSON encoding and decoding.
+ */
+
+#include "ruby.h"
+
+/* Ensure compatibility with early releases of Ruby 1.8.5 */
+#ifndef RSTRING_PTR
+#  define RSTRING_PTR(v) RSTRING(v)->ptr
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RSTRING_LEN
+#  define RSTRING_LEN(v) RSTRING(v)->len
+#endif
+#ifndef RSTRING_LENINT
+#  define RSTRING_LENINT(v) (int)(RSTRING_LEN(v))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RARRAY_LEN
+#  define RARRAY_LEN(v) RARRAY(v)->len
+#endif
+#ifndef RARRAY_LENINT
+#  define RARRAY_LENINT(v) (int)(RARRAY_LEN(v))
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_RUBY_ST_H
+#include "ruby/st.h"
+#endif
+#if HAVE_ST_H
+#include "st.h"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_RUBY_REGEX_H
+#include "ruby/regex.h"
+#endif
+#if HAVE_REGEX_H
+#include "regex.h"
+#endif
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include "version.h"
+#include "bson_buffer.h"
+#include "encoding_helpers.h"
+
+#define SAFE_WRITE(buffer, data, size)                                  \
+    if (bson_buffer_write((buffer), (data), (size)) != 0)                    \
+        rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "failed to allocate memory in bson_buffer.c")
+
+#define SAFE_WRITE_AT_POS(buffer, position, data, size)                 \
+    if (bson_buffer_write_at_position((buffer), (position), (data), (size)) != 0) \
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "invalid write at position in bson_buffer.c")
+
+#define MAX_HOSTNAME_LENGTH 256
+
+static ID element_assignment_method;
+static ID unpack_method;
+static ID utc_method;
+static ID lt_operator;
+static ID gt_operator;
+
+static VALUE Binary;
+static VALUE ObjectId;
+static VALUE DBRef;
+static VALUE Code;
+static VALUE MinKey;
+static VALUE MaxKey;
+static VALUE Timestamp;
+static VALUE Regexp;
+static VALUE OrderedHash;
+static VALUE InvalidKeyName;
+static VALUE InvalidStringEncoding;
+static VALUE InvalidDocument;
+static VALUE DigestMD5;
+static VALUE RB_HASH;
+
+static int max_bson_size;
+
+#if HAVE_RUBY_ENCODING_H
+#include "ruby/encoding.h"
+#define STR_NEW(p,n)                                                    \
+    ({                                                                  \
+        VALUE _str = rb_enc_str_new((p), (n), rb_utf8_encoding());      \
+        rb_encoding* internal_encoding = rb_default_internal_encoding(); \
+        if (internal_encoding) {                                        \
+            _str = rb_str_export_to_enc(_str, internal_encoding);       \
+        }                                                               \
+        _str;                                                           \
+    })
+#define TO_UTF8(string) rb_str_export_to_enc((string), rb_utf8_encoding())
+#else
+#define STR_NEW(p,n) rb_str_new((p), (n))
+#define TO_UTF8(string) (string)
+#endif
+
+static void write_utf8(bson_buffer_t buffer, VALUE string, char check_null) {
+    result_t status = check_string(RSTRING_PTR(string), RSTRING_LEN(string),
+                                   1, check_null);
+    if (status == HAS_NULL) {
+        bson_buffer_free(buffer);
+        rb_raise(InvalidDocument, "Key names / regex patterns must not contain the NULL byte");
+    } else if (status == NOT_UTF_8) {
+        bson_buffer_free(buffer);
+        rb_raise(InvalidStringEncoding, "String not valid UTF-8");
+    }
+    string = TO_UTF8(string);
+    SAFE_WRITE(buffer, RSTRING_PTR(string), RSTRING_LEN(string));
+}
+
+// this sucks. but for some reason these moved around between 1.8 and 1.9
+#ifdef ONIGURUMA_H
+#define IGNORECASE ONIG_OPTION_IGNORECASE
+#define MULTILINE ONIG_OPTION_MULTILINE
+#define EXTENDED ONIG_OPTION_EXTEND
+#else
+#define IGNORECASE RE_OPTION_IGNORECASE
+#define MULTILINE RE_OPTION_MULTILINE
+#define EXTENDED RE_OPTION_EXTENDED
+#endif
+
+/* TODO we ought to check that the malloc or asprintf was successful
+ * and raise an exception if not. */
+/* TODO maybe we can use something more portable like vsnprintf instead
+ * of this hack. And share it with the Python extension ;) */
+/* If we don't have ASPRINTF, there are two possibilities:
+ * either use _scprintf and _snprintf on for Windows or
+ * use snprintf for solaris. */
+#ifndef HAVE_ASPRINTF
+#ifdef _WIN32 || _MSC_VER
+#define INT2STRING(buffer, i)                   \
+    {                                           \
+        int vslength = _scprintf("%d", i) + 1;  \
+        *buffer = malloc(vslength);             \
+        _snprintf(*buffer, vslength, "%d", i);  \
+    }
+#define FREE_INTSTRING(buffer) free(buffer)
+#else
+#define INT2STRING(buffer, i)                   \
+    {                                           \
+        int vslength = snprintf(NULL, 0, "%d", i) + 1;  \
+        *buffer = malloc(vslength);             \
+        snprintf(*buffer, vslength, "%d", i);   \
+    }
+#define FREE_INTSTRING(buffer) free(buffer)
+#endif
+#else
+#define INT2STRING(buffer, i) asprintf(buffer, "%d", i);
+#ifdef USING_SYSTEM_ALLOCATOR_LIBRARY /* Ruby Enterprise Edition with tcmalloc */
+#define FREE_INTSTRING(buffer) system_free(buffer)
+#else
+#define FREE_INTSTRING(buffer) free(buffer)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RREGEXP_SRC
+#define RREGEXP_SRC(r) rb_str_new(RREGEXP((r))->str, RREGEXP((r))->len)
+#endif
+
+// rubinius compatibility
+#ifndef RREGEXP_OPTIONS
+#define RREGEXP_OPTIONS(r) RREGEXP(value)->ptr->options
+#endif
+
+static char zero = 0;
+static char one = 1;
+
+static char hostname_digest[17];
+static unsigned int object_id_inc = 0;
+
+static int cmp_char(const void* a, const void* b) {
+    return *(char*)a - *(char*)b;
+}
+
+static void write_doc(bson_buffer_t buffer, VALUE hash, VALUE check_keys, VALUE move_id);
+static int write_element_with_id(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE extra);
+static int write_element_without_id(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE extra);
+static VALUE elements_to_hash(const char* buffer, int max);
+
+static VALUE pack_extra(bson_buffer_t buffer, VALUE check_keys) {
+    return rb_ary_new3(2, LL2NUM((long long)buffer), check_keys);
+}
+
+static void write_name_and_type(bson_buffer_t buffer, VALUE name, char type) {
+    SAFE_WRITE(buffer, &type, 1);
+    write_utf8(buffer, name, 1);
+    SAFE_WRITE(buffer, &zero, 1);
+}
+
+static int write_element(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE extra, int allow_id) {
+    bson_buffer_t buffer = (bson_buffer_t)NUM2LL(rb_ary_entry(extra, 0));
+    VALUE check_keys = rb_ary_entry(extra, 1);
+
+    if (TYPE(key) == T_SYMBOL) {
+        // TODO better way to do this... ?
+        key = rb_str_new2(rb_id2name(SYM2ID(key)));
+    }
+
+    if (TYPE(key) != T_STRING) {
+        bson_buffer_free(buffer);
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "keys must be strings or symbols");
+    }
+
+    if (allow_id == 0 && strcmp("_id", RSTRING_PTR(key)) == 0) {
+        return ST_CONTINUE;
+    }
+
+    if (check_keys == Qtrue) {
+        int i;
+        if (RSTRING_LEN(key) > 0 && RSTRING_PTR(key)[0] == '$') {
+            bson_buffer_free(buffer);
+            rb_raise(InvalidKeyName, "%s - key must not start with '$'", RSTRING_PTR(key));
+        }
+        for (i = 0; i < RSTRING_LEN(key); i++) {
+            if (RSTRING_PTR(key)[i] == '.') {
+                bson_buffer_free(buffer);
+                rb_raise(InvalidKeyName, "%s - key must not contain '.'", RSTRING_PTR(key));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    switch(TYPE(value)) {
+    case T_BIGNUM:
+        {
+            if (rb_funcall(value, gt_operator, 1, LL2NUM(9223372036854775807LL)) == Qtrue ||
+                rb_funcall(value, lt_operator, 1, LL2NUM(-9223372036854775808ULL)) == Qtrue) {
+                bson_buffer_free(buffer);
+                rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "MongoDB can only handle 8-byte ints");
+            }
+        }
+        // NOTE: falls through to T_FIXNUM code
+    case T_FIXNUM:
+        {
+            long long ll_value;
+            ll_value = NUM2LL(value);
+
+            if (ll_value > 2147483647LL ||
+                ll_value < -2147483648LL) {
+                write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x12);
+                SAFE_WRITE(buffer, (char*)&ll_value, 8);
+            } else {
+                int int_value;
+                write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x10);
+                int_value = (int)ll_value;
+                SAFE_WRITE(buffer, (char*)&int_value, 4);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+    case T_TRUE:
+        {
+            write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x08);
+            SAFE_WRITE(buffer, &one, 1);
+            break;
+        }
+    case T_FALSE:
+        {
+            write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x08);
+            SAFE_WRITE(buffer, &zero, 1);
+            break;
+        }
+    case T_FLOAT:
+        {
+            double d = NUM2DBL(value);
+            write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x01);
+            SAFE_WRITE(buffer, (char*)&d, 8);
+            break;
+        }
+    case T_NIL:
+        {
+            write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x0A);
+            break;
+        }
+    case T_HASH:
+        {
+            write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x03);
+            write_doc(buffer, value, check_keys, Qfalse);
+            break;
+        }
+    case T_ARRAY:
+        {
+            bson_buffer_position length_location, start_position, obj_length;
+            int items, i;
+            VALUE* values;
+
+            write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x04);
+            start_position = bson_buffer_get_position(buffer);
+
+            // save space for length
+            length_location = bson_buffer_save_space(buffer, 4);
+            if (length_location == -1) {
+                rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "failed to allocate memory in buffer.c");
+            }
+
+            items = RARRAY_LENINT(value);
+            for(i = 0; i < items; i++) {
+                char* name;
+                VALUE key;
+                INT2STRING(&name, i);
+                key = rb_str_new2(name);
+                write_element_with_id(key, rb_ary_entry(value, i), pack_extra(buffer, check_keys));
+                FREE_INTSTRING(name);
+            }
+
+            // write null byte and fill in length
+            SAFE_WRITE(buffer, &zero, 1);
+            obj_length = bson_buffer_get_position(buffer) - start_position;
+            SAFE_WRITE_AT_POS(buffer, length_location, (const char*)&obj_length, 4);
+            break;
+        }
+    case T_STRING:
+        {
+            int length;
+            write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x02);
+            length = RSTRING_LENINT(value) + 1;
+            SAFE_WRITE(buffer, (char*)&length, 4);
+            write_utf8(buffer, value, 0);
+            SAFE_WRITE(buffer, &zero, 1);
+            break;
+        }
+    case T_SYMBOL:
+        {
+            const char* str_value = rb_id2name(SYM2ID(value));
+            int length = (int)strlen(str_value) + 1;
+            write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x0E);
+            SAFE_WRITE(buffer, (char*)&length, 4);
+            SAFE_WRITE(buffer, str_value, length);
+            break;
+        }
+    case T_OBJECT:
+        {
+            // TODO there has to be a better way to do these checks...
+            const char* cls = rb_obj_classname(value);
+            if (strcmp(cls, "BSON::Binary") == 0 ||
+                strcmp(cls, "ByteBuffer") == 0) {
+                const char subtype = strcmp(cls, "ByteBuffer") ?
+                    (const char)FIX2INT(rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("subtype"), 0)) : 2;
+                VALUE string_data = rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("to_s"), 0);
+                int length = RSTRING_LENINT(string_data);
+                write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x05);
+                if (subtype == 2) {
+                    const int other_length = length + 4;
+                    SAFE_WRITE(buffer, (const char*)&other_length, 4);
+                    SAFE_WRITE(buffer, &subtype, 1);
+                }
+                SAFE_WRITE(buffer, (const char*)&length, 4);
+                if (subtype != 2) {
+                    SAFE_WRITE(buffer, &subtype, 1);
+                }
+                SAFE_WRITE(buffer, RSTRING_PTR(string_data), length);
+                break;
+            }
+            if (strcmp(cls, "BSON::ObjectId") == 0) {
+                VALUE as_array = rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("to_a"), 0);
+                int i;
+                write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x07);
+                for (i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
+                    char byte = (char)FIX2INT(rb_ary_entry(as_array, i));
+                    SAFE_WRITE(buffer, &byte, 1);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            if (strcmp(cls, "BSON::DBRef") == 0) {
+                bson_buffer_position length_location, start_position, obj_length;
+                VALUE ns, oid;
+                write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x03);
+
+                start_position = bson_buffer_get_position(buffer);
+
+                // save space for length
+                length_location = bson_buffer_save_space(buffer, 4);
+                if (length_location == -1) {
+                    rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "failed to allocate memory in buffer.c");
+                }
+
+                ns = rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("namespace"), 0);
+                write_element_with_id(rb_str_new2("$ref"), ns, pack_extra(buffer, Qfalse));
+                oid = rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("object_id"), 0);
+                write_element_with_id(rb_str_new2("$id"), oid, pack_extra(buffer, Qfalse));
+
+                // write null byte and fill in length
+                SAFE_WRITE(buffer, &zero, 1);
+                obj_length = bson_buffer_get_position(buffer) - start_position;
+                SAFE_WRITE_AT_POS(buffer, length_location, (const char*)&obj_length, 4);
+                break;
+            }
+            if (strcmp(cls, "BSON::Code") == 0) {
+                bson_buffer_position length_location, start_position, total_length;
+                int length;
+                VALUE code_str;
+                write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x0F);
+
+                start_position = bson_buffer_get_position(buffer);
+                length_location = bson_buffer_save_space(buffer, 4);
+                if (length_location == -1) {
+                    rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "failed to allocate memory in buffer.c");
+                }
+
+                code_str = rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("code"), 0);
+                length = RSTRING_LENINT(code_str) + 1;
+                SAFE_WRITE(buffer, (char*)&length, 4);
+                SAFE_WRITE(buffer, RSTRING_PTR(code_str), length - 1);
+                SAFE_WRITE(buffer, &zero, 1);
+                write_doc(buffer, rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("scope"), 0), Qfalse, Qfalse);
+
+                total_length = bson_buffer_get_position(buffer) - start_position;
+                SAFE_WRITE_AT_POS(buffer, length_location, (const char*)&total_length, 4);
+                break;
+            }
+            if (strcmp(cls, "BSON::MaxKey") == 0) {
+                write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x7f);
+                break;
+            }
+            if (strcmp(cls, "BSON::MinKey") == 0) {
+                write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0xff);
+                break;
+            }
+            if (strcmp(cls, "BSON::Timestamp") == 0) {
+                write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x11);
+                unsigned int seconds = NUM2UINT(
+                    rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("seconds"), 0));
+                unsigned int increment = NUM2UINT(
+                    rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("increment"), 0));
+
+                SAFE_WRITE(buffer, (const char*)&increment, 4);
+                SAFE_WRITE(buffer, (const char*)&seconds, 4);
+                break;
+            }
+            if (strcmp(cls, "DateTime") == 0 || strcmp(cls, "Date") == 0 || strcmp(cls, "ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone") == 0) {
+                bson_buffer_free(buffer);
+                rb_raise(InvalidDocument, "%s is not currently supported; use a UTC Time instance instead.", cls);
+                break;
+            }
+            if(strcmp(cls, "Complex") == 0 || strcmp(cls, "Rational") == 0 || strcmp(cls, "BigDecimal") == 0) {
+                bson_buffer_free(buffer);
+                rb_raise(InvalidDocument, "Cannot serialize the Numeric type %s as BSON; only Bignum, Fixnum, and Float are supported.", cls);
+                break;
+            }
+            bson_buffer_free(buffer);
+            rb_raise(InvalidDocument, "Cannot serialize an object of class %s into BSON.", cls);
+            break;
+        }
+    case T_DATA:
+        {
+            const char* cls = rb_obj_classname(value);
+            if (strcmp(cls, "Time") == 0) {
+                double t = NUM2DBL(rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("to_f"), 0));
+                long long time_since_epoch = (long long)round(t * 1000);
+                write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x09);
+                SAFE_WRITE(buffer, (const char*)&time_since_epoch, 8);
+                break;
+            }
+            // Date classes are TYPE T_DATA in Ruby >= 1.9.3
+            if (strcmp(cls, "DateTime") == 0 || strcmp(cls, "Date") == 0 || strcmp(cls, "ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone") == 0) {
+                bson_buffer_free(buffer);
+                rb_raise(InvalidDocument, "%s is not currently supported; use a UTC Time instance instead.", cls);
+                break;
+            }
+            if(strcmp(cls, "BigDecimal") == 0) {
+                bson_buffer_free(buffer);
+                rb_raise(InvalidDocument, "Cannot serialize the Numeric type %s as BSON; only Bignum, Fixnum, and Float are supported.", cls);
+                break;
+            }
+            bson_buffer_free(buffer);
+            rb_raise(InvalidDocument, "Cannot serialize an object of class %s into BSON.", cls);
+            break;
+        }
+    case T_REGEXP:
+        {
+            VALUE pattern = RREGEXP_SRC(value);
+            long flags = RREGEXP_OPTIONS(value);
+            VALUE has_extra;
+
+            write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x0B);
+
+            write_utf8(buffer, pattern, 1);
+            SAFE_WRITE(buffer, &zero, 1);
+
+            if (flags & IGNORECASE) {
+                char ignorecase = 'i';
+                SAFE_WRITE(buffer, &ignorecase, 1);
+            }
+            if (flags & MULTILINE) {
+                char multiline = 'm';
+                char dotall = 's';
+                SAFE_WRITE(buffer, &multiline, 1);
+                SAFE_WRITE(buffer, &dotall, 1);
+            }
+            if (flags & EXTENDED) {
+                char extended = 'x';
+                SAFE_WRITE(buffer, &extended, 1);
+            }
+
+            has_extra = rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("respond_to?"), 1, rb_str_new2("extra_options_str"));
+            if (TYPE(has_extra) == T_TRUE) {
+                VALUE extra = rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("extra_options_str"), 0);
+                bson_buffer_position old_position = bson_buffer_get_position(buffer);
+                SAFE_WRITE(buffer, RSTRING_PTR(extra), RSTRING_LENINT(extra));
+                qsort(bson_buffer_get_buffer(buffer) + old_position, RSTRING_LEN(extra), sizeof(char), cmp_char);
+            }
+            SAFE_WRITE(buffer, &zero, 1);
+
+            break;
+        }
+    default:
+        {
+            const char* cls = rb_obj_classname(value);
+            bson_buffer_free(buffer);
+            rb_raise(InvalidDocument, "Cannot serialize an object of class %s (type %d) into BSON.", cls, TYPE(value));
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static int write_element_without_id(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE extra) {
+    return write_element(key, value, extra, 0);
+}
+
+static int write_element_with_id(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE extra) {
+    return write_element(key, value, extra, 1);
+}
+
+static void write_doc(bson_buffer_t buffer, VALUE hash, VALUE check_keys, VALUE move_id) {
+    bson_buffer_position start_position = bson_buffer_get_position(buffer);
+    bson_buffer_position length_location = bson_buffer_save_space(buffer, 4);
+    bson_buffer_position length;
+    int allow_id;
+    int (*write_function)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE) = NULL;
+    VALUE id_str = rb_str_new2("_id");
+    VALUE id_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("_id"));
+
+    if (length_location == -1) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "failed to allocate memory in buffer.c");
+    }
+
+    // write '_id' first if move_id is true. then don't allow an id to be written.
+    if(move_id == Qtrue) {
+        allow_id = 0;
+        if (rb_funcall(hash, rb_intern("has_key?"), 1, id_str) == Qtrue) {
+            VALUE id = rb_hash_aref(hash, id_str);
+            write_element_with_id(id_str, id, pack_extra(buffer, check_keys));
+        } else if (rb_funcall(hash, rb_intern("has_key?"), 1, id_sym) == Qtrue) {
+            VALUE id = rb_hash_aref(hash, id_sym);
+            write_element_with_id(id_sym, id, pack_extra(buffer, check_keys));
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        allow_id = 1;
+        // Ensure that hash doesn't contain both '_id' and :_id
+        if ((rb_obj_classname(hash), "Hash") == 0) {
+            if ((rb_funcall(hash, rb_intern("has_key?"), 1, id_str) == Qtrue) &&
+                   (rb_funcall(hash, rb_intern("has_key?"), 1, id_sym) == Qtrue)) {
+                      VALUE oid_sym = rb_hash_delete(hash, id_sym);
+                      rb_funcall(hash, rb_intern("[]="), 2, id_str, oid_sym);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(allow_id == 1) {
+        write_function = write_element_with_id;
+    }
+    else {
+        write_function = write_element_without_id;
+    }
+
+    // we have to check for an OrderedHash and handle that specially
+    if (strcmp(rb_obj_classname(hash), "BSON::OrderedHash") == 0) {
+        VALUE keys = rb_funcall(hash, rb_intern("keys"), 0);
+        int i;
+                for(i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(keys); i++) {
+            VALUE key = rb_ary_entry(keys, i);
+            VALUE value = rb_hash_aref(hash, key);
+
+            write_function(key, value, pack_extra(buffer, check_keys));
+        }
+    } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(hash, RB_HASH) == Qtrue) {
+        rb_hash_foreach(hash, write_function, pack_extra(buffer, check_keys));
+    } else {
+        bson_buffer_free(buffer);
+        rb_raise(InvalidDocument, "BSON.serialize takes a Hash but got a %s", rb_obj_classname(hash));
+    }
+
+    // write null byte and fill in length
+    SAFE_WRITE(buffer, &zero, 1);
+    length = bson_buffer_get_position(buffer) - start_position;
+
+    // make sure that length doesn't exceed 4MB
+    if (length > bson_buffer_get_max_size(buffer)) {
+      bson_buffer_free(buffer);
+      rb_raise(InvalidDocument,
+          "Document too large: This BSON documents is limited to %d bytes.",
+          bson_buffer_get_max_size(buffer));
+      return;
+    }
+    SAFE_WRITE_AT_POS(buffer, length_location, (const char*)&length, 4);
+}
+
+static VALUE method_serialize(VALUE self, VALUE doc, VALUE check_keys,
+    VALUE move_id, VALUE max_size) {
+
+    VALUE result;
+    bson_buffer_t buffer = bson_buffer_new();
+    bson_buffer_set_max_size(buffer, FIX2INT(max_size));
+    if (buffer == NULL) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "failed to allocate memory in buffer.c");
+    }
+
+    write_doc(buffer, doc, check_keys, move_id);
+
+    result = rb_str_new(bson_buffer_get_buffer(buffer), bson_buffer_get_position(buffer));
+    if (bson_buffer_free(buffer) != 0) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to free buffer");
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+static VALUE get_value(const char* buffer, int* position, int type) {
+    VALUE value;
+    switch (type) {
+    case -1:
+        {
+            value = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, MinKey);
+            break;
+        }
+    case 1:
+        {
+            double d;
+            memcpy(&d, buffer + *position, 8);
+            value = rb_float_new(d);
+            *position += 8;
+            break;
+        }
+    case 2:
+    case 13:
+        {
+            int value_length;
+            value_length = *(int*)(buffer + *position) - 1;
+            *position += 4;
+            value = STR_NEW(buffer + *position, value_length);
+            *position += value_length + 1;
+            break;
+        }
+    case 3:
+        {
+            int size;
+            memcpy(&size, buffer + *position, 4);
+            if (strcmp(buffer + *position + 5, "$ref") == 0) { // DBRef
+                int offset = *position + 10;
+                VALUE argv[2];
+                int collection_length = *(int*)(buffer + offset) - 1;
+                char id_type;
+                offset += 4;
+
+                argv[0] = STR_NEW(buffer + offset, collection_length);
+                offset += collection_length + 1;
+                id_type = buffer[offset];
+                offset += 5;
+                argv[1] = get_value(buffer, &offset, (int)id_type);
+                value = rb_class_new_instance(2, argv, DBRef);
+            } else {
+                value = elements_to_hash(buffer + *position + 4, size - 5);
+            }
+            *position += size;
+            break;
+        }
+    case 4:
+        {
+            int size, end;
+            memcpy(&size, buffer + *position, 4);
+            end = *position + size - 1;
+            *position += 4;
+
+            value = rb_ary_new();
+            while (*position < end) {
+                int type = (int)buffer[(*position)++];
+                int key_size = (int)strlen(buffer + *position);
+                VALUE to_append;
+
+                *position += key_size + 1; // just skip the key, they're in order.
+                to_append = get_value(buffer, position, type);
+                rb_ary_push(value, to_append);
+            }
+            (*position)++;
+            break;
+        }
+    case 5:
+        {
+            int length, subtype;
+            VALUE data, st;
+            VALUE argv[2];
+            memcpy(&length, buffer + *position, 4);
+            subtype = (unsigned char)buffer[*position + 4];
+            if (subtype == 2) {
+                data = rb_str_new(buffer + *position + 9, length - 4);
+            } else {
+                data = rb_str_new(buffer + *position + 5, length);
+            }
+            st = INT2FIX(subtype);
+            argv[0] = data;
+            argv[1] = st;
+            value = rb_class_new_instance(2, argv, Binary);
+            *position += length + 5;
+            break;
+        }
+    case 6:
+        {
+            value = Qnil;
+            break;
+        }
+    case 7:
+        {
+            VALUE str = rb_str_new(buffer + *position, 12);
+            VALUE oid = rb_funcall(str, unpack_method, 1, rb_str_new2("C*"));
+            value = rb_class_new_instance(1, &oid, ObjectId);
+            *position += 12;
+            break;
+        }
+    case 8:
+        {
+            value = buffer[(*position)++] ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+            break;
+        }
+    case 9:
+        {
+            long long millis;
+            memcpy(&millis, buffer + *position, 8);
+
+            value = rb_time_new(millis / 1000, (millis % 1000) * 1000);
+            value = rb_funcall(value, utc_method, 0);
+            *position += 8;
+            break;
+        }
+    case 10:
+        {
+            value = Qnil;
+            break;
+        }
+    case 11:
+        {
+            int pattern_length = (int)strlen(buffer + *position);
+            VALUE pattern = STR_NEW(buffer + *position, pattern_length);
+            int flags_length, flags = 0, i = 0;
+            VALUE argv[3];
+            *position += pattern_length + 1;
+
+            flags_length = (int)strlen(buffer + *position);
+            for (i = 0; i < flags_length; i++) {
+                char flag = buffer[*position + i];
+                if (flag == 'i') {
+                    flags |= IGNORECASE;
+                }
+                else if (flag == 'm') {
+                    flags |= MULTILINE;
+                }
+                else if (flag == 's') {
+                    flags |= MULTILINE;
+                }
+                else if (flag == 'x') {
+                    flags |= EXTENDED;
+                }
+            }
+            argv[0] = pattern;
+            argv[1] = INT2FIX(flags);
+            value = rb_class_new_instance(2, argv, Regexp);
+            *position += flags_length + 1;
+            break;
+        }
+    case 12:
+        {
+            int collection_length;
+            VALUE collection, str, oid, id, argv[2];
+            collection_length = *(int*)(buffer + *position) - 1;
+            *position += 4;
+            collection = STR_NEW(buffer + *position, collection_length);
+            *position += collection_length + 1;
+
+            str = rb_str_new(buffer + *position, 12);
+            oid = rb_funcall(str, unpack_method, 1, rb_str_new2("C*"));
+            id = rb_class_new_instance(1, &oid, ObjectId);
+            *position += 12;
+
+            argv[0] = collection;
+            argv[1] = id;
+            value = rb_class_new_instance(2, argv, DBRef);
+            break;
+        }
+    case 14:
+        {
+            int value_length;
+            memcpy(&value_length, buffer + *position, 4);
+            value = ID2SYM(rb_intern(buffer + *position + 4));
+            *position += value_length + 4;
+            break;
+        }
+    case 15:
+        {
+            int code_length, scope_size;
+            VALUE code, scope, argv[2];
+            *position += 4;
+            code_length = *(int*)(buffer + *position) - 1;
+            *position += 4;
+            code = STR_NEW(buffer + *position, code_length);
+            *position += code_length + 1;
+
+            memcpy(&scope_size, buffer + *position, 4);
+            scope = elements_to_hash(buffer + *position + 4, scope_size - 5);
+            *position += scope_size;
+
+            argv[0] = code;
+            argv[1] = scope;
+            value = rb_class_new_instance(2, argv, Code);
+            break;
+        }
+    case 16:
+        {
+            int i;
+            memcpy(&i, buffer + *position, 4);
+            value = LL2NUM(i);
+            *position += 4;
+            break;
+        }
+    case 17:
+        {
+            unsigned int sec, inc;
+            VALUE argv[2];
+            memcpy(&inc, buffer + *position, 4);
+            memcpy(&sec, buffer + *position + 4, 4);
+            argv[0] = UINT2NUM(sec);
+            argv[1] = UINT2NUM(inc);
+            value = rb_class_new_instance(2, argv, Timestamp);
+            *position += 8;
+            break;
+        }
+    case 18:
+        {
+            long long ll;
+            memcpy(&ll, buffer + *position, 8);
+            value = LL2NUM(ll);
+            *position += 8;
+            break;
+        }
+    case 127:
+        {
+            value = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, MaxKey);
+            break;
+        }
+    default:
+        {
+            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "no c decoder for this type yet (%d)", type);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return value;
+}
+
+static VALUE elements_to_hash(const char* buffer, int max) {
+    VALUE hash = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, OrderedHash);
+    int position = 0;
+    while (position < max) {
+        int type = (int)buffer[position++];
+        int name_length = (int)strlen(buffer + position);
+        VALUE name = STR_NEW(buffer + position, name_length);
+        VALUE value;
+        position += name_length + 1;
+        value = get_value(buffer, &position, type);
+        rb_funcall(hash, element_assignment_method, 2, name, value);
+    }
+    return hash;
+}
+
+static VALUE method_deserialize(VALUE self, VALUE bson) {
+    const char* buffer = RSTRING_PTR(bson);
+    int remaining = RSTRING_LENINT(bson);
+
+    // NOTE we just swallow the size and end byte here
+    buffer += 4;
+    remaining -= 5;
+
+    return elements_to_hash(buffer, remaining);
+}
+
+static VALUE objectid_generate(int argc, VALUE* args, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE oid;
+    unsigned char oid_bytes[12];
+    unsigned long t, inc;
+    unsigned short pid;
+    int i;
+
+    if(argc == 0 || (argc == 1 && *args == Qnil)) {
+        t = htonl((int)time(NULL));
+    } else {
+        t = htonl(NUM2UINT(rb_funcall(*args, rb_intern("to_i"), 0)));
+    }
+    MEMCPY(&oid_bytes, &t, unsigned char, 4);
+
+    MEMCPY(&oid_bytes[4], hostname_digest, unsigned char, 3);
+
+    pid = htons(getpid());
+    MEMCPY(&oid_bytes[7], &pid, unsigned char, 2);
+
+    /* No need to synchronize modification of this counter between threads;
+     * MRI global interpreter lock guarantees serializaility.
+     *
+     * Compiler should optimize out impossible branch.
+     */
+    if (sizeof(unsigned int) == 4) {
+        object_id_inc++;
+    } else {
+        object_id_inc = (object_id_inc + 1) % 0xFFFFFF;
+    }
+    inc = htonl(object_id_inc);
+    MEMCPY(&oid_bytes[9], ((unsigned char*)&inc + 1), unsigned char, 3);
+
+    oid = rb_ary_new2(12);
+    for(i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
+        rb_ary_store(oid, i, INT2FIX((unsigned int)oid_bytes[i]));
+    }
+    return oid;
+}
+
+static VALUE method_update_max_bson_size(VALUE self, VALUE connection) {
+    max_bson_size = FIX2INT(rb_funcall(connection, rb_intern("max_bson_size"), 0));
+    return INT2FIX(max_bson_size);
+}
+
+static VALUE method_max_bson_size(VALUE self) {
+    return INT2FIX(max_bson_size);
+}
+
+void Init_cbson() {
+    VALUE bson, CBson, Digest, ext_version, digest;
+    static char hostname[MAX_HOSTNAME_LENGTH];
+
+    element_assignment_method = rb_intern("[]=");
+    unpack_method = rb_intern("unpack");
+    utc_method = rb_intern("utc");
+    lt_operator = rb_intern("<");
+    gt_operator = rb_intern(">");
+
+    bson = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("BSON"));
+    rb_require("bson/types/binary");
+    Binary = rb_const_get(bson, rb_intern("Binary"));
+    rb_require("bson/types/object_id");
+    ObjectId = rb_const_get(bson, rb_intern("ObjectId"));
+    rb_require("bson/types/dbref");
+    DBRef = rb_const_get(bson, rb_intern("DBRef"));
+    rb_require("bson/types/code");
+    Code = rb_const_get(bson, rb_intern("Code"));
+    rb_require("bson/types/min_max_keys");
+    MinKey = rb_const_get(bson, rb_intern("MinKey"));
+    MaxKey = rb_const_get(bson, rb_intern("MaxKey"));
+    rb_require("bson/types/timestamp");
+    Timestamp = rb_const_get(bson, rb_intern("Timestamp"));
+    Regexp = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("Regexp"));
+    rb_require("bson/exceptions");
+    InvalidKeyName = rb_const_get(bson, rb_intern("InvalidKeyName"));
+    InvalidStringEncoding = rb_const_get(bson, rb_intern("InvalidStringEncoding"));
+    InvalidDocument = rb_const_get(bson, rb_intern("InvalidDocument"));
+    rb_require("bson/ordered_hash");
+    OrderedHash = rb_const_get(bson, rb_intern("OrderedHash"));
+    RB_HASH = rb_const_get(bson, rb_intern("Hash"));
+
+    CBson = rb_define_module("CBson");
+    ext_version = rb_str_new2(VERSION);
+    rb_define_const(CBson, "VERSION", ext_version);
+    rb_define_module_function(CBson, "serialize", method_serialize, 4);
+    rb_define_module_function(CBson, "deserialize", method_deserialize, 1);
+    rb_define_module_function(CBson, "max_bson_size", method_max_bson_size, 0);
+    rb_define_module_function(CBson, "update_max_bson_size", method_update_max_bson_size, 1);
+
+    rb_require("digest/md5");
+    Digest = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("Digest"));
+    DigestMD5 = rb_const_get(Digest, rb_intern("MD5"));
+
+    rb_define_method(ObjectId, "generate", objectid_generate, -1);
+
+    if (gethostname(hostname, MAX_HOSTNAME_LENGTH) != 0) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to get hostname");
+    }
+    digest = rb_funcall(DigestMD5, rb_intern("digest"), 1,
+        rb_str_new2(hostname));
+    memcpy(hostname_digest, RSTRING_PTR(digest), 16);
+    hostname_digest[16] = '\0';
+
+    max_bson_size = 4 * 1024 * 1024;
+}