chef 12.22.1 → 12.22.3

data/spec/unit/mixin/xml_escape_spec.rb

@@ -1,54 +1,54 @@
-#
-# Author:: Adam Jacob (<adam@chef.io>)
-# Copyright:: Copyright 2008-2016, Chef Software Inc.
-# License:: Apache License, Version 2.0
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-
-require "spec_helper"
-
-class XMLEscapingTestHarness
-  include Chef::Mixin::XMLEscape
-end
-
-describe Chef::Mixin::XMLEscape do
-  before do
-    @escaper = XMLEscapingTestHarness.new
-  end
-
-  it "escapes ampersands to '&amp;'" do
-    expect(@escaper.xml_escape("&")).to eq("&amp;")
-  end
-
-  it "escapes angle brackets to &lt; or &gt;" do
-    expect(@escaper.xml_escape("<")).to eq("&lt;")
-    expect(@escaper.xml_escape(">")).to eq("&gt;")
-  end
-
-  it "does not modify ASCII strings" do
-    expect(@escaper.xml_escape("foobarbaz!@\#$%^*()")).to eq("foobarbaz!@\#$%^*()")
-  end
-
-  it "converts invalid bytes to asterisks" do
-    expect(@escaper.xml_escape("\x00")).to eq("*")
-  end
-
-  it "converts UTF-8 correctly" do
-    expect(@escaper.xml_escape("\xC2\xA9")).to eq("&#169;")
-  end
-
-  it "converts win 1252 characters correctly" do
-    expect(@escaper.xml_escape("#{0x80.chr}")).to eq("&#8364;")
-  end
-end
+#
+# Author:: Adam Jacob (<adam@chef.io>)
+# Copyright:: Copyright 2008-2016, Chef Software Inc.
+# License:: Apache License, Version 2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+require "spec_helper"
+
+class XMLEscapingTestHarness
+  include Chef::Mixin::XMLEscape
+end
+
+describe Chef::Mixin::XMLEscape do
+  before do
+    @escaper = XMLEscapingTestHarness.new
+  end
+
+  it "escapes ampersands to '&amp;'" do
+    expect(@escaper.xml_escape("&")).to eq("&amp;")
+  end
+
+  it "escapes angle brackets to &lt; or &gt;" do
+    expect(@escaper.xml_escape("<")).to eq("&lt;")
+    expect(@escaper.xml_escape(">")).to eq("&gt;")
+  end
+
+  it "does not modify ASCII strings" do
+    expect(@escaper.xml_escape("foobarbaz!@\#$%^*()")).to eq("foobarbaz!@\#$%^*()")
+  end
+
+  it "converts invalid bytes to asterisks" do
+    expect(@escaper.xml_escape("\x00")).to eq("*")
+  end
+
+  it "converts UTF-8 correctly" do
+    expect(@escaper.xml_escape("\xC2\xA9")).to eq("&#169;")
+  end
+
+  it "converts win 1252 characters correctly" do
+    expect(@escaper.xml_escape("#{0x80.chr}")).to eq("&#8364;")
+  end
+end

data/spec/unit/monkey_patches/uri_spec.rb

@@ -1,34 +1,34 @@
-#--
-# Author:: Daniel DeLeo (<dan@chef.io>)
-# Copyright:: Copyright 2013-2016, Chef Software Inc.
-# License:: Apache License, Version 2.0
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-
-require "spec_helper"
-describe URI do
-
-  describe "when a URI contains an IPv6 literal" do
-
-    let(:ipv6_uri) do
-      URI.parse("https://[2a00:1450:4009:809::1008]:8443")
-    end
-
-    it "returns the hostname without brackets" do
-      expect(ipv6_uri.hostname).to eq("2a00:1450:4009:809::1008")
-    end
-
-  end
-
-end
+#--
+# Author:: Daniel DeLeo (<dan@chef.io>)
+# Copyright:: Copyright 2013-2016, Chef Software Inc.
+# License:: Apache License, Version 2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+require "spec_helper"
+describe URI do
+
+  describe "when a URI contains an IPv6 literal" do
+
+    let(:ipv6_uri) do
+      URI.parse("https://[2a00:1450:4009:809::1008]:8443")
+    end
+
+    it "returns the hostname without brackets" do
+      expect(ipv6_uri.hostname).to eq("2a00:1450:4009:809::1008")
+    end
+
+  end
+
+end

data/spec/unit/monologger_spec.rb

@@ -1,45 +1,45 @@
-#
-# Copyright:: Copyright 2014-2016, Chef Software Inc.
-# License:: Apache License, Version 2.0
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-
-require "chef/monologger"
-require "tempfile"
-require "spec_helper"
-
-describe MonoLogger do
-  it "should disable buffering when passed an IO stream" do
-    STDOUT.sync = false
-    MonoLogger.new(STDOUT)
-    expect(STDOUT.sync).to eq(true)
-  end
-
-  describe "when given an object that responds to write and close e.g. IO" do
-    it "should use the object directly" do
-      stream = StringIO.new
-      MonoLogger.new(stream).fatal("Houston, we've had a problem.")
-      expect(stream.string).to match(/Houston, we've had a problem./)
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "when given an object that is stringable (to_str)" do
-    it "should open a File object with the given path" do
-      temp_file = Tempfile.new("rspec-monologger-log")
-      temp_file.close
-      MonoLogger.new(temp_file.path).fatal("Do, or do not. There is no try.")
-      expect(File.read(temp_file.path)).to match(/Do, or do not. There is no try./)
-    end
-  end
-end
+#
+# Copyright:: Copyright 2014-2016, Chef Software Inc.
+# License:: Apache License, Version 2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+require "chef/monologger"
+require "tempfile"
+require "spec_helper"
+
+describe MonoLogger do
+  it "should disable buffering when passed an IO stream" do
+    STDOUT.sync = false
+    MonoLogger.new(STDOUT)
+    expect(STDOUT.sync).to eq(true)
+  end
+
+  describe "when given an object that responds to write and close e.g. IO" do
+    it "should use the object directly" do
+      stream = StringIO.new
+      MonoLogger.new(stream).fatal("Houston, we've had a problem.")
+      expect(stream.string).to match(/Houston, we've had a problem./)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when given an object that is stringable (to_str)" do
+    it "should open a File object with the given path" do
+      temp_file = Tempfile.new("rspec-monologger-log")
+      temp_file.close
+      MonoLogger.new(temp_file.path).fatal("Do, or do not. There is no try.")
+      expect(File.read(temp_file.path)).to match(/Do, or do not. There is no try./)
+    end
+  end
+end

data/spec/unit/node/attribute_spec.rb

@@ -1,1244 +1,1244 @@
-#
-# Author:: Adam Jacob (<adam@chef.io>)
-# Author:: AJ Christensen (<aj@chef.io>)
-# Copyright:: Copyright 2008-2016, Chef Software Inc.
-# License:: Apache License, Version 2.0
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-
-require "spec_helper"
-require "chef/node/attribute"
-
-describe Chef::Node::Attribute do
-  let(:events) { instance_double(Chef::EventDispatch::Dispatcher) }
-  let(:run_context) { instance_double(Chef::RunContext, :events => events) }
-  let(:node) { instance_double(Chef::Node, :run_context => run_context) }
-  before(:each) do
-    allow(events).to receive(:attribute_changed)
-    @attribute_hash =
-      { "dmi" => {},
-        "command" => { "ps" => "ps -ef" },
-        "platform_version" => "10.5.7",
-        "platform" => "mac_os_x",
-        "ipaddress" => "192.168.0.117",
-        "network" => { "default_interface" => "en1",
-                       "interfaces" => { "vmnet1" => { "flags" => %w{UP BROADCAST SMART RUNNING SIMPLEX MULTICAST},
-                                                       "number" => "1",
-                                                       "addresses" => { "00:50:56:c0:00:01" => { "family" => "lladdr" },
-                                                                        "192.168.110.1" => { "broadcast" => "192.168.110.255",
-                                                                                             "netmask" => "255.255.255.0",
-                                                                                             "family" => "inet" } },
-                                                       "mtu" => "1500",
-                                                       "type" => "vmnet",
-                                                       "arp" => { "192.168.110.255" => "ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff" },
-                                                       "encapsulation" => "Ethernet" },
-                                         "stf0" => { "flags" => [],
-                                                     "number" => "0",
-                                                     "addresses" => {},
-                                                     "mtu" => "1280",
-                                                     "type" => "stf",
-                                                     "encapsulation" => "6to4" },
-                                         "lo0" => { "flags" => %w{UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MULTICAST},
-                                                    "number" => "0",
-                                                    "addresses" => { "::1" => { "scope" => "Node", "prefixlen" => "128", "family" => "inet6" },
-                                                                     "127.0.0.1" => { "netmask" => "255.0.0.0", "family" => "inet" },
-                                                                     "fe80::1" => { "scope" => "Link", "prefixlen" => "64", "family" => "inet6" } },
-                                                    "mtu" => "16384",
-                                                    "type" => "lo",
-                                                    "encapsulation" => "Loopback" },
-                                         "gif0" => { "flags" => %w{POINTOPOINT MULTICAST},
-                                                     "number" => "0",
-                                                     "addresses" => {},
-                                                     "mtu" => "1280",
-                                                     "type" => "gif",
-                                                     "encapsulation" => "IPIP" },
-                                         "vmnet8" =>         { "flags" => %w{UP BROADCAST SMART RUNNING SIMPLEX MULTICAST},
-                                                               "number" => "8",
-                                                               "addresses" => { "192.168.4.1" => { "broadcast" => "192.168.4.255",
-                                                                                                   "netmask" => "255.255.255.0",
-                                                                                                   "family" => "inet" },
-                                                                                "00:50:56:c0:00:08" => { "family" => "lladdr" } },
-                                                               "mtu" => "1500",
-                                                               "type" => "vmnet",
-                                                               "arp" => { "192.168.4.255" => "ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff" },
-                                                               "encapsulation" => "Ethernet" },
-                                         "en0" => { "status" => "inactive",
-                                                    "flags" => %w{UP BROADCAST SMART RUNNING SIMPLEX MULTICAST},
-                                                    "number" => "0",
-                                                    "addresses" => { "00:23:32:b0:32:f2" => { "family" => "lladdr" } },
-                                                    "mtu" => "1500",
-                                                    "media" => { "supported" => { "autoselect" => { "options" => [] },
-                                                                                  "none" => { "options" => [] },
-                                                                                  "1000baseT" => { "options" => ["full-duplex", "flow-control", "hw-loopback"] },
-                                                                                  "10baseT/UTP" =>               { "options" => ["half-duplex", "full-duplex", "flow-control", "hw-loopback"] },
-                                                                                  "100baseTX" =>                 { "options" => ["half-duplex", "full-duplex", "flow-control", "hw-loopback"] } },
-                                                                 "selected" => { "autoselect" => { "options" => [] } } },
-                                                    "type" => "en",
-                                                    "encapsulation" => "Ethernet" },
-                                         "en1" => { "status" => "active",
-                                                    "flags" => %w{UP BROADCAST SMART RUNNING SIMPLEX MULTICAST},
-                                                    "number" => "1",
-                                                    "addresses" => { "fe80::223:6cff:fe7f:676c" => { "scope" => "Link", "prefixlen" => "64", "family" => "inet6" },
-                                                                     "00:23:6c:7f:67:6c" => { "family" => "lladdr" },
-                                                                     "192.168.0.117" => { "broadcast" => "192.168.0.255",
-                                                                                          "netmask" => "255.255.255.0",
-                                                                                          "family" => "inet" } },
-                                                    "mtu" => "1500",
-                                                    "media" => { "supported" => { "autoselect" => { "options" => [] } },
-                                                                 "selected" => { "autoselect" => { "options" => [] } } },
-                                                    "type" => "en",
-                                                    "arp" => { "192.168.0.72" => "0:f:ea:39:fa:d5",
-                                                               "192.168.0.1" => "0:1c:fb:fc:6f:20",
-                                                               "192.168.0.255" => "ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                                                               "192.168.0.3" => "0:1f:33:ea:26:9b",
-                                                               "192.168.0.77" => "0:23:12:70:f8:cf",
-                                                               "192.168.0.152" => "0:26:8:7d:2:4c" },
-                                                    "encapsulation" => "Ethernet" },
-                                         "en2" => { "status" => "active",
-                                                    "flags" => %w{UP BROADCAST SMART RUNNING SIMPLEX MULTICAST},
-                                                    "number" => "2",
-                                                    "addresses" => { "169.254.206.152" => { "broadcast" => "169.254.255.255",
-                                                                                            "netmask" => "255.255.0.0",
-                                                                                            "family" => "inet" },
-                                                                     "00:1c:42:00:00:01" => { "family" => "lladdr" },
-                                                                     "fe80::21c:42ff:fe00:1" => { "scope" => "Link", "prefixlen" => "64", "family" => "inet6" } },
-                                                    "mtu" => "1500",
-                                                    "media" => { "supported" => { "autoselect" => { "options" => [] } },
-                                                                 "selected" => { "autoselect" => { "options" => [] } } },
-                                                    "type" => "en",
-                                                    "encapsulation" => "Ethernet" },
-                                         "fw0" =>                       { "status" => "inactive",
-                                                                          "flags" => %w{BROADCAST SIMPLEX MULTICAST},
-                                                                          "number" => "0",
-                                                                          "addresses" => { "00:23:32:ff:fe:b0:32:f2" => { "family" => "lladdr" } },
-                                                                          "mtu" => "4078",
-                                                                          "media" => { "supported" => { "autoselect" => { "options" => ["full-duplex"] } },
-                                                                                       "selected" => { "autoselect" => { "options" => ["full-duplex"] } } },
-                                                                          "type" => "fw",
-                                                                          "encapsulation" => "1394" },
-                                         "en3" =>                       { "status" => "active",
-                                                                          "flags" => %w{UP BROADCAST SMART RUNNING SIMPLEX MULTICAST},
-                                                                          "number" => "3",
-                                                                          "addresses" => { "169.254.206.152" => { "broadcast" => "169.254.255.255",
-                                                                                                                  "netmask" => "255.255.0.0",
-                                                                                                                  "family" => "inet" },
-                                                                                           "00:1c:42:00:00:00" => { "family" => "lladdr" },
-                                                                                           "fe80::21c:42ff:fe00:0" => { "scope" => "Link", "prefixlen" => "64", "family" => "inet6" } },
-                                                                          "mtu" => "1500",
-                                                                          "media" => { "supported" => { "autoselect" => { "options" => [] } },
-                                                                                       "selected" => { "autoselect" => { "options" => [] } } },
-                                                                          "type" => "en",
-                                                                          "encapsulation" => "Ethernet" } } },
-        "fqdn" => "latte.local",
-        "ohai_time" => 1249065590.90391,
-        "domain" => "local",
-        "os" => "darwin",
-        "platform_build" => "9J61",
-        "os_version" => "9.7.0",
-        "hostname" => "latte",
-        "macaddress" => "00:23:6c:7f:67:6c",
-        "music" => { "jimmy_eat_world" => "nice", "apophis" => false },
-    }
-    @default_hash = {
-      "domain" => "opscode.com",
-      "hot" => { "day" => "saturday" },
-      "music" => {
-        "jimmy_eat_world" => "is fun!",
-        "mastodon" => "rocks",
-        "mars_volta" => "is loud and nutty",
-        "deeper" => { "gates_of_ishtar" => nil },
-        "this" => { "apparatus" => { "must" => "be unearthed" } },
-      },
-    }
-    @override_hash = {
-      "macaddress" => "00:00:00:00:00:00",
-      "hot" => { "day" => "sunday" },
-      "fire" => "still burn",
-      "music" => {
-        "mars_volta" => "cicatriz",
-      },
-    }
-    @automatic_hash = { "week" => "friday" }
-    @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(@attribute_hash, @default_hash, @override_hash, @automatic_hash, node)
-  end
-
-  describe "initialize" do
-    it "should return a Chef::Node::Attribute" do
-      expect(@attributes).to be_a_kind_of(Chef::Node::Attribute)
-    end
-
-    it "should take an Automatioc, Normal, Default and Override hash" do
-      expect { Chef::Node::Attribute.new({}, {}, {}, {}) }.not_to raise_error
-    end
-
-    [ :normal, :default, :override, :automatic ].each do |accessor|
-      it "should set #{accessor}" do
-        na = Chef::Node::Attribute.new({ :normal => true }, { :default => true }, { :override => true }, { :automatic => true })
-        expect(na.send(accessor)).to eq({ accessor.to_s => true })
-      end
-    end
-
-    it "should be enumerable" do
-      expect(@attributes).to be_is_a(Enumerable)
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "when printing attribute components" do
-
-    it "does not cause a type error" do
-      # See CHEF-3799; IO#puts implicitly calls #to_ary on its argument. This
-      # is expected to raise a NoMethodError or return an Array. `to_ary` is
-      # the "strict" conversion method that should only be implemented by
-      # things that are truly Array-like, so NoMethodError is the right choice.
-      # (cf. there is no Hash#to_ary).
-      expect { @attributes.default.to_ary }.to raise_error(NoMethodError)
-    end
-
-  end
-
-  describe "when debugging attributes" do
-    before do
-      @attributes.default[:foo][:bar] = "default"
-      @attributes.env_default[:foo][:bar] = "env_default"
-      @attributes.role_default[:foo][:bar] = "role_default"
-      @attributes.force_default[:foo][:bar] = "force_default"
-      @attributes.normal[:foo][:bar] = "normal"
-      @attributes.override[:foo][:bar] = "override"
-      @attributes.role_override[:foo][:bar] = "role_override"
-      @attributes.env_override[:foo][:bar] = "env_override"
-      @attributes.force_override[:foo][:bar] = "force_override"
-      @attributes.automatic[:foo][:bar] = "automatic"
-    end
-
-    it "gives the value at each level of precedence for a path spec" do
-      expected = [
-        %w{default default},
-        %w{env_default env_default},
-        %w{role_default role_default},
-        %w{force_default force_default},
-        %w{normal normal},
-        %w{override override},
-        %w{role_override role_override},
-        %w{env_override env_override},
-        %w{force_override force_override},
-        %w{automatic automatic},
-      ]
-      expect(@attributes.debug_value(:foo, :bar)).to eq(expected)
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "when fetching values based on precedence" do
-    before do
-      @attributes.default["default"] = "cookbook default"
-      @attributes.override["override"] = "cookbook override"
-    end
-
-    it "prefers 'forced default' over any other default" do
-      @attributes.force_default["default"] = "force default"
-      @attributes.role_default["default"] = "role default"
-      @attributes.env_default["default"] = "environment default"
-      expect(@attributes["default"]).to eq("force default")
-    end
-
-    it "prefers role_default over environment or cookbook default" do
-      @attributes.role_default["default"] = "role default"
-      @attributes.env_default["default"] = "environment default"
-      expect(@attributes["default"]).to eq("role default")
-    end
-
-    it "prefers environment default over cookbook default" do
-      @attributes.env_default["default"] = "environment default"
-      expect(@attributes["default"]).to eq("environment default")
-    end
-
-    it "returns the cookbook default when no other default values are present" do
-      expect(@attributes["default"]).to eq("cookbook default")
-    end
-
-    it "prefers 'forced overrides' over role or cookbook overrides" do
-      @attributes.force_override["override"] = "force override"
-      @attributes.env_override["override"] = "environment override"
-      @attributes.role_override["override"] = "role override"
-      expect(@attributes["override"]).to eq("force override")
-    end
-
-    it "prefers environment overrides over role or cookbook overrides" do
-      @attributes.env_override["override"] = "environment override"
-      @attributes.role_override["override"] = "role override"
-      expect(@attributes["override"]).to eq("environment override")
-    end
-
-    it "prefers role overrides over cookbook overrides" do
-      @attributes.role_override["override"] = "role override"
-      expect(@attributes["override"]).to eq("role override")
-    end
-
-    it "returns cookbook overrides when no other overrides are present" do
-      expect(@attributes["override"]).to eq("cookbook override")
-    end
-
-    it "merges arrays within the default precedence" do
-      @attributes.role_default["array"] = %w{role}
-      @attributes.env_default["array"] = %w{env}
-      expect(@attributes["array"]).to eq(%w{env role})
-    end
-
-    it "merges arrays within the override precedence" do
-      @attributes.role_override["array"] = %w{role}
-      @attributes.env_override["array"] = %w{env}
-      expect(@attributes["array"]).to eq(%w{role env})
-    end
-
-    it "does not merge arrays between default and normal" do
-      @attributes.role_default["array"] = %w{role}
-      @attributes.normal["array"] = %w{normal}
-      expect(@attributes["array"]).to eq(%w{normal})
-    end
-
-    it "does not merge arrays between normal and override" do
-      @attributes.normal["array"] = %w{normal}
-      @attributes.role_override["array"] = %w{role}
-      expect(@attributes["array"]).to eq(%w{role})
-    end
-
-    it "merges nested hashes between precedence levels" do
-      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new({}, {}, {}, {})
-      @attributes.env_default = { "a" => { "b" => { "default" => "default" } } }
-      @attributes.normal = { "a" => { "b" => { "normal" => "normal" } } }
-      @attributes.override = { "a" => { "override" => "role" } }
-      @attributes.automatic = { "a" => { "automatic" => "auto" } }
-      expect(@attributes["a"]).to eq({ "b" => { "default" => "default", "normal" => "normal" },
-                                       "override" => "role",
-                                       "automatic" => "auto" })
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "when reading combined default or override values" do
-    before do
-      @attributes.default["cd"] = "cookbook default"
-      @attributes.role_default["rd"] = "role default"
-      @attributes.env_default["ed"] = "env default"
-      @attributes.default!["fd"] = "force default"
-      @attributes.override["co"] = "cookbook override"
-      @attributes.role_override["ro"] = "role override"
-      @attributes.env_override["eo"] = "env override"
-      @attributes.override!["fo"] = "force override"
-    end
-
-    it "merges all types of overrides into a combined override" do
-      expect(@attributes.combined_override["co"]).to eq("cookbook override")
-      expect(@attributes.combined_override["ro"]).to eq("role override")
-      expect(@attributes.combined_override["eo"]).to eq("env override")
-      expect(@attributes.combined_override["fo"]).to eq("force override")
-    end
-
-    it "merges all types of defaults into a combined default" do
-      expect(@attributes.combined_default["cd"]).to eq("cookbook default")
-      expect(@attributes.combined_default["rd"]).to eq("role default")
-      expect(@attributes.combined_default["ed"]).to eq("env default")
-      expect(@attributes.combined_default["fd"]).to eq("force default")
-    end
-
-  end
-
-  describe "[]" do
-    it "should return override data if it exists" do
-      expect(@attributes["macaddress"]).to eq("00:00:00:00:00:00")
-    end
-
-    it "should return attribute data if it is not overridden" do
-      expect(@attributes["platform"]).to eq("mac_os_x")
-    end
-
-    it "should return data that doesn't have corresponding keys in every hash" do
-      expect(@attributes["command"]["ps"]).to eq("ps -ef")
-    end
-
-    it "should return default data if it is not overriden or in attribute data" do
-      expect(@attributes["music"]["mastodon"]).to eq("rocks")
-    end
-
-    it "should prefer the override data over an available default" do
-      expect(@attributes["music"]["mars_volta"]).to eq("cicatriz")
-    end
-
-    it "should prefer the attribute data over an available default" do
-      expect(@attributes["music"]["jimmy_eat_world"]).to eq("nice")
-    end
-
-    it "should prefer override data over default data if there is no attribute data" do
-      expect(@attributes["hot"]["day"]).to eq("sunday")
-    end
-
-    it "should return the merged hash if all three have values" do
-      result = @attributes["music"]
-      expect(result["mars_volta"]).to eq("cicatriz")
-      expect(result["jimmy_eat_world"]).to eq("nice")
-      expect(result["mastodon"]).to eq("rocks")
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "[]=" do
-    it "should error out when the type of attribute to set has not been specified" do
-      @attributes.normal["the_ghost"] = {}
-      expect { @attributes["the_ghost"]["exterminate"] = false }.to raise_error(Chef::Exceptions::ImmutableAttributeModification)
-    end
-
-    it "should let you set an attribute value when another hash has an intermediate value" do
-      @attributes.normal["the_ghost"] = { "exterminate" => "the future" }
-      expect { @attributes.normal["the_ghost"]["eviscerate"]["tomorrow"] = false }.not_to raise_error
-    end
-
-    it "should set the attribute value" do
-      @attributes.normal["longboard"] = "surfing"
-      expect(@attributes.normal["longboard"]).to eq("surfing")
-      expect(@attributes.normal["longboard"]).to eq("surfing")
-    end
-
-    it "should set deeply nested attribute values when a precedence level is specified" do
-      @attributes.normal["deftones"]["hunters"]["nap"] = "surfing"
-      expect(@attributes.normal["deftones"]["hunters"]["nap"]).to eq("surfing")
-    end
-
-    it "should die if you try and do nested attributes that do not exist without read vivification" do
-      expect { @attributes["foo"]["bar"] = :baz }.to raise_error(NoMethodError)
-    end
-
-    it "should let you set attributes manually without vivification" do
-      @attributes.normal["foo"] = Mash.new
-      @attributes.normal["foo"]["bar"] = :baz
-      expect(@attributes.normal["foo"]["bar"]).to eq(:baz)
-    end
-
-    it "does not support ||= when setting" do
-      # This is a limitation of auto-vivification.
-      # Users who need this behavior can use set_unless and friends
-      @attributes.normal["foo"] = Mash.new
-      @attributes.normal["foo"]["bar"] ||= "stop the world"
-      expect(@attributes.normal["foo"]["bar"]).to eq({})
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "to_hash" do
-    it "should convert to a hash" do
-      expect(@attributes.to_hash.class).to eq(Hash)
-    end
-
-    it "should convert to a hash based on current state" do
-      hash = @attributes["hot"].to_hash
-      expect(hash.class).to eq(Hash)
-      expect(hash["day"]).to eq("sunday")
-    end
-
-    it "should create a deep copy of the node attribute" do
-      @attributes.default["foo"]["bar"]["baz"] = "fizz"
-      hash = @attributes["foo"].to_hash
-      expect(hash).to eql({ "bar" => { "baz" => "fizz" } })
-      hash["bar"]["baz"] = "buzz"
-      expect(hash).to eql({ "bar" => { "baz" => "buzz" } })
-      expect(@attributes.default["foo"]).to eql({ "bar" => { "baz" => "fizz" } })
-    end
-
-    it "should create a deep copy of arrays in the node attribute" do
-      @attributes.default["foo"]["bar"] = ["fizz"]
-      hash = @attributes["foo"].to_hash
-      expect(hash).to eql({ "bar" => [ "fizz" ] })
-      hash["bar"].push("buzz")
-      expect(hash).to eql({ "bar" => %w{fizz buzz} })
-      expect(@attributes.default["foo"]).to eql({ "bar" => [ "fizz" ] })
-    end
-
-    it "mutating strings should not mutate the attributes" do
-      pending "this is a bug that should be fixed"
-      @attributes.default["foo"]["bar"]["baz"] = "fizz"
-      hash = @attributes["foo"].to_hash
-      expect(hash).to eql({ "bar" => { "baz" => "fizz" } })
-      hash["bar"]["baz"] << "buzz"
-      expect(hash).to eql({ "bar" => { "baz" => "fizzbuzz" } })
-      expect(@attributes.default["foo"]).to eql({ "bar" => { "baz" => "fizz" } })
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "dup" do
-    it "array can be duped even if some elements can't" do
-      @attributes.default[:foo] = %w{foo bar baz} + Array(1..3) + [nil, true, false, [ "el", 0, nil ] ]
-      @attributes.default[:foo].dup
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "has_key?" do
-    it "should return true if an attribute exists" do
-      expect(@attributes.has_key?("music")).to eq(true)
-    end
-
-    it "should return false if an attribute does not exist" do
-      expect(@attributes.has_key?("ninja")).to eq(false)
-    end
-
-    it "should return false if an attribute does not exist using dot notation" do
-      expect(@attributes.has_key?("does_not_exist_at_all")).to eq(false)
-    end
-
-    it "should return true if an attribute exists but is set to nil using dot notation" do
-      Chef::Config[:treat_deprecation_warnings_as_errors] = false
-      expect(@attributes.music.deeper.has_key?("gates_of_ishtar")).to eq(true)
-    end
-
-    it "should return true if an attribute exists but is set to false" do
-      @attributes.has_key?("music")
-      expect(@attributes["music"].has_key?("apophis")).to eq(true)
-    end
-
-    it "does not find keys above the current nesting level" do
-      expect(@attributes["music"]["this"]["apparatus"]).not_to have_key("this")
-    end
-
-    it "does not find keys below the current nesting level" do
-      expect(@attributes["music"]["this"]).not_to have_key("must")
-    end
-
-    [:include?, :key?, :member?].each do |method|
-      it "should alias the method #{method} to itself" do
-        expect(@attributes).to respond_to(method)
-      end
-
-      it "#{method} should behave like has_key?" do
-        expect(@attributes.send(method, "music")).to eq(true)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "attribute?" do
-    it "should return true if an attribute exists" do
-      expect(@attributes.attribute?("music")).to eq(true)
-    end
-
-    it "should return false if an attribute does not exist" do
-      expect(@attributes.attribute?("ninja")).to eq(false)
-    end
-
-  end
-
-  describe "method_missing" do
-    it "should behave like a [] lookup" do
-      Chef::Config[:treat_deprecation_warnings_as_errors] = false
-      expect(@attributes.music.mastodon).to eq("rocks")
-    end
-
-    it "should allow the last method to set a value if it has an = sign on the end" do
-      Chef::Config[:treat_deprecation_warnings_as_errors] = false
-      @attributes.normal.music.mastodon = %w{dream still shining}
-      expect(@attributes.normal.music.mastodon).to eq(%w{dream still shining})
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "keys" do
-    before(:each) do
-      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
-        {
-          "one" =>  { "two" => "three" },
-          "hut" =>  { "two" => "three" },
-          "place" => {},
-        },
-        {
-          "one" => { "four" => "five" },
-          "snakes" => "on a plane",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" => { "six" => "seven" },
-          "snack" => "cookies",
-        },
-        {}
-      )
-    end
-
-    it "should yield each top level key" do
-      collect = Array.new
-      @attributes.keys.each do |k|
-        collect << k
-      end
-      expect(collect.include?("one")).to eq(true)
-      expect(collect.include?("hut")).to eq(true)
-      expect(collect.include?("snakes")).to eq(true)
-      expect(collect.include?("snack")).to eq(true)
-      expect(collect.include?("place")).to eq(true)
-      expect(collect.length).to eq(5)
-    end
-
-    it "should yield lower if we go deeper" do
-      collect = Array.new
-      @attributes["one"].keys.each do |k|
-        collect << k
-      end
-      expect(collect.include?("two")).to eq(true)
-      expect(collect.include?("four")).to eq(true)
-      expect(collect.include?("six")).to eq(true)
-      expect(collect.length).to eq(3)
-    end
-
-    it "should not raise an exception if one of the hashes has a nil value on a deep lookup" do
-      expect { @attributes["place"].keys { |k| } }.not_to raise_error
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "each" do
-    before(:each) do
-      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
-        {
-          "one" =>  "two",
-          "hut" =>  "three",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" =>  "four",
-          "snakes" => "on a plane",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" => "six",
-          "snack" => "cookies",
-        },
-        {}
-      )
-    end
-
-    it "should yield each top level key and value, post merge rules" do
-      collect = Hash.new
-      @attributes.each do |k, v|
-        collect[k] = v
-      end
-
-      expect(collect["one"]).to eq("six")
-      expect(collect["hut"]).to eq("three")
-      expect(collect["snakes"]).to eq("on a plane")
-      expect(collect["snack"]).to eq("cookies")
-    end
-
-    it "should yield as a two-element array" do
-      @attributes.each do |a|
-        expect(a).to be_an_instance_of(Array)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "each_key" do
-    before do
-      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
-        {
-          "one" =>  "two",
-          "hut" =>  "three",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" =>  "four",
-          "snakes" => "on a plane",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" => "six",
-          "snack" => "cookies",
-        },
-        {}
-      )
-    end
-
-    it "should respond to each_key" do
-      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:each_key)
-    end
-
-    it "should yield each top level key, post merge rules" do
-      collect = Array.new
-      @attributes.each_key do |k|
-        collect << k
-      end
-
-      expect(collect).to include("one")
-      expect(collect).to include("snack")
-      expect(collect).to include("hut")
-      expect(collect).to include("snakes")
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "each_pair" do
-    before do
-      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
-        {
-          "one" =>  "two",
-          "hut" =>  "three",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" =>  "four",
-          "snakes" => "on a plane",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" => "six",
-          "snack" => "cookies",
-        },
-        {}
-      )
-    end
-
-    it "should respond to each_pair" do
-      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:each_pair)
-    end
-
-    it "should yield each top level key and value pair, post merge rules" do
-      collect = Hash.new
-      @attributes.each_pair do |k, v|
-        collect[k] = v
-      end
-
-      expect(collect["one"]).to eq("six")
-      expect(collect["hut"]).to eq("three")
-      expect(collect["snakes"]).to eq("on a plane")
-      expect(collect["snack"]).to eq("cookies")
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "each_value" do
-    before do
-      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
-        {
-          "one" =>  "two",
-          "hut" =>  "three",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" =>  "four",
-          "snakes" => "on a plane",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" => "six",
-          "snack" => "cookies",
-        },
-        {}
-      )
-    end
-
-    it "should respond to each_value" do
-      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:each_value)
-    end
-
-    it "should yield each value, post merge rules" do
-      collect = Array.new
-      @attributes.each_value do |v|
-        collect << v
-      end
-
-      expect(collect).to include("cookies")
-      expect(collect).to include("three")
-      expect(collect).to include("on a plane")
-    end
-
-    it "should yield four elements" do
-      collect = Array.new
-      @attributes.each_value do |v|
-        collect << v
-      end
-
-      expect(collect.length).to eq(4)
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "empty?" do
-    before do
-      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
-        {
-          "one" =>  "two",
-          "hut" =>  "three",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" =>  "four",
-          "snakes" => "on a plane",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" => "six",
-          "snack" => "cookies",
-        },
-        {}
-      )
-      @empty = Chef::Node::Attribute.new({}, {}, {}, {})
-    end
-
-    it "should respond to empty?" do
-      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:empty?)
-    end
-
-    it "should return true when there are no keys" do
-      expect(@empty.empty?).to eq(true)
-    end
-
-    it "should return false when there are keys" do
-      expect(@attributes.empty?).to eq(false)
-    end
-
-  end
-
-  describe "fetch" do
-    before do
-      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
-        {
-          "one" =>  "two",
-          "hut" =>  "three",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" =>  "four",
-          "snakes" => "on a plane",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" => "six",
-          "snack" => "cookies",
-        },
-        {}
-      )
-    end
-
-    it "should respond to fetch" do
-      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:fetch)
-    end
-
-    describe "when the key exists" do
-      it "should return the value of the key, post merge (same result as each)" do
-        {
-          "one" => "six",
-          "hut" => "three",
-          "snakes" => "on a plane",
-          "snack" => "cookies",
-        }.each do |k, v|
-          expect(@attributes.fetch(k)).to eq(v)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "when the key does not exist" do
-      describe "and no args are passed" do
-        it "should raise an indexerror" do
-          expect { @attributes.fetch("lololol") }.to raise_error(IndexError)
-        end
-      end
-
-      describe "and a default arg is passed" do
-        it "should return the value of the default arg" do
-          expect(@attributes.fetch("lol", "blah")).to eq("blah")
-        end
-      end
-
-      describe "and a block is passed" do
-        it "should run the block and return its value" do
-          expect(@attributes.fetch("lol") { |x| "#{x}, blah" }).to eq("lol, blah")
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "has_value?" do
-    before do
-      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
-        {
-          "one" =>  "two",
-          "hut" =>  "three",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" =>  "four",
-          "snakes" => "on a plane",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" => "six",
-          "snack" => "cookies",
-        },
-        {}
-      )
-    end
-
-    it "should respond to has_value?" do
-      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:has_value?)
-    end
-
-    it "should return true if any key has the value supplied" do
-      expect(@attributes.has_value?("cookies")).to eq(true)
-    end
-
-    it "should return false no key has the value supplied" do
-      expect(@attributes.has_value?("lololol")).to eq(false)
-    end
-
-    it "should alias value?" do
-      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:value?)
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "index" do
-    # Hash#index is deprecated and triggers warnings.
-    def silence
-      old_verbose = $VERBOSE
-      $VERBOSE = nil
-      yield
-    ensure
-      $VERBOSE = old_verbose
-    end
-
-    before do
-      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
-        {
-          "one" =>  "two",
-          "hut" =>  "three",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" =>  "four",
-          "snakes" => "on a plane",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" => "six",
-          "snack" => "cookies",
-        },
-        {}
-      )
-    end
-
-    it "should respond to index" do
-      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:index)
-    end
-
-    describe "when the value is indexed" do
-      it "should return the index" do
-        silence do
-          expect(@attributes.index("six")).to eq("one")
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "when the value is not indexed" do
-      it "should return nil" do
-        silence do
-          expect(@attributes.index("lolol")).to eq(nil)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-  end
-
-  describe "values" do
-    before do
-      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
-        {
-          "one" =>  "two",
-          "hut" =>  "three",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" =>  "four",
-          "snakes" => "on a plane",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" => "six",
-          "snack" => "cookies",
-        },
-        {}
-      )
-    end
-
-    it "should respond to values" do
-      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:values)
-    end
-
-    it "should return an array of values" do
-      expect(@attributes.values.length).to eq(4)
-    end
-
-    it "should match the values output from each" do
-      expect(@attributes.values).to include("six")
-      expect(@attributes.values).to include("cookies")
-      expect(@attributes.values).to include("three")
-      expect(@attributes.values).to include("on a plane")
-    end
-
-  end
-
-  describe "select" do
-    before do
-      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
-        {
-          "one" =>  "two",
-          "hut" =>  "three",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" =>  "four",
-          "snakes" => "on a plane",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" => "six",
-          "snack" => "cookies",
-        },
-        {}
-      )
-    end
-
-    it "should respond to select" do
-      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:select)
-    end
-
-    if RUBY_VERSION >= "1.8.7"
-      it "should not raise a LocalJumpError if no block is given" do
-        expect { @attributes.select }.not_to raise_error
-      end
-    else
-      it "should raise a LocalJumpError if no block is given" do
-        expect { @attributes.select }.to raise_error(LocalJumpError)
-      end
-    end
-
-    it "should return an empty hash/array (ruby-version-dependent) for a block containing nil" do
-      expect(@attributes.select { nil }).to eq({}.select { nil })
-    end
-
-    # sorted for spec clarity
-    it "should return a new array of k,v pairs for which the block returns true" do
-      expect(@attributes.select { true }.sort).to eq(
-        [
-          %w{hut three},
-          %w{one six},
-          %w{snack cookies},
-          ["snakes", "on a plane"],
-        ]
-      )
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "size" do
-    before do
-      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
-        {
-          "one" =>  "two",
-          "hut" =>  "three",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" =>  "four",
-          "snakes" => "on a plane",
-        },
-        {
-          "one" => "six",
-          "snack" => "cookies",
-        },
-        {}
-      )
-
-      @empty = Chef::Node::Attribute.new({}, {}, {}, {})
-    end
-
-    it "should respond to size" do
-      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:size)
-    end
-
-    it "should alias length to size" do
-      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:length)
-    end
-
-    it "should return 0 for an empty attribute" do
-      expect(@empty.size).to eq(0)
-    end
-
-    it "should return the number of pairs" do
-      expect(@attributes.size).to eq(4)
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "kind_of?" do
-    it "should falsely inform you that it is a Hash" do
-      expect(@attributes).to be_a_kind_of(Hash)
-    end
-
-    it "should falsely inform you that it is a Mash" do
-      expect(@attributes).to be_a_kind_of(Mash)
-    end
-
-    it "should inform you that it is a Chef::Node::Attribute" do
-      expect(@attributes).to be_a_kind_of(Chef::Node::Attribute)
-    end
-
-    it "should inform you that it is anything else" do
-      expect(@attributes).not_to be_a_kind_of(Chef::Node)
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "to_s" do
-    it "should output simple attributes" do
-      attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(nil, nil, nil, nil)
-      expect(attributes.to_s).to eq("{}")
-    end
-
-    it "should output merged attributes" do
-      default_hash = {
-          "a" => 1,
-          "b" => 2,
-      }
-      override_hash = {
-          "b" => 3,
-          "c" => 4,
-      }
-      attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(nil, default_hash, override_hash, nil)
-      expect(attributes.to_s).to eq('{"a"=>1, "b"=>3, "c"=>4}')
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "inspect" do
-    it "should be readable" do
-      # NOTE: previous implementation hid the values, showing @automatic={...}
-      # That is nice and compact, but hides a lot of info, which seems counter
-      # to the point of calling #inspect...
-      expect(@attributes.inspect).to match(/@automatic=\{.*\}/)
-      expect(@attributes.inspect).to match(/@normal=\{.*\}/)
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "when not mutated" do
-
-    it "does not reset the cache when dup'd [CHEF-3680]" do
-      @attributes.default[:foo][:bar] = "set on original"
-      subtree = @attributes[:foo]
-      @attributes.default[:foo].dup[:bar] = "set on dup"
-      expect(subtree[:bar]).to eq("set on original")
-    end
-
-  end
-
-  describe "when setting a component attribute to a new value" do
-    it "converts the input in to a VividMash tree (default)" do
-      @attributes.default = {}
-      @attributes.default.foo = "bar"
-      expect(@attributes.merged_attributes[:foo]).to eq("bar")
-    end
-
-    it "converts the input in to a VividMash tree (normal)" do
-      @attributes.normal = {}
-      @attributes.normal.foo = "bar"
-      expect(@attributes.merged_attributes[:foo]).to eq("bar")
-    end
-
-    it "converts the input in to a VividMash tree (override)" do
-      @attributes.override = {}
-      @attributes.override.foo = "bar"
-      expect(@attributes.merged_attributes[:foo]).to eq("bar")
-    end
-
-    it "converts the input in to a VividMash tree (automatic)" do
-      @attributes.automatic = {}
-      @attributes.automatic.foo = "bar"
-      expect(@attributes.merged_attributes[:foo]).to eq("bar")
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "when deep-merging between precedence levels" do
-    it "correctly deep merges hashes and preserves the original contents" do
-      @attributes.default = { "arglebargle" => { "foo" => "bar" } }
-      @attributes.override = { "arglebargle" => { "fizz" => "buzz" } }
-      expect(@attributes.merged_attributes[:arglebargle]).to eq({ "foo" => "bar", "fizz" => "buzz" })
-      expect(@attributes.default[:arglebargle]).to eq({ "foo" => "bar" })
-      expect(@attributes.override[:arglebargle]).to eq({ "fizz" => "buzz" })
-    end
-
-    it "does not deep merge arrays, and preserves the original contents" do
-      @attributes.default = { "arglebargle" => [ 1, 2, 3 ] }
-      @attributes.override = { "arglebargle" => [ 4, 5, 6 ] }
-      expect(@attributes.merged_attributes[:arglebargle]).to eq([ 4, 5, 6 ])
-      expect(@attributes.default[:arglebargle]).to eq([ 1, 2, 3 ])
-      expect(@attributes.override[:arglebargle]).to eq([ 4, 5, 6 ])
-    end
-
-    it "correctly deep merges hashes and preserves the original contents when merging default and role_default" do
-      @attributes.default = { "arglebargle" => { "foo" => "bar" } }
-      @attributes.role_default = { "arglebargle" => { "fizz" => "buzz" } }
-      expect(@attributes.merged_attributes[:arglebargle]).to eq({ "foo" => "bar", "fizz" => "buzz" })
-      expect(@attributes.default[:arglebargle]).to eq({ "foo" => "bar" })
-      expect(@attributes.role_default[:arglebargle]).to eq({ "fizz" => "buzz" })
-    end
-
-    it "correctly deep merges arrays, and preserves the original contents when merging default and role_default" do
-      @attributes.default = { "arglebargle" => [ 1, 2, 3 ] }
-      @attributes.role_default = { "arglebargle" => [ 4, 5, 6 ] }
-      expect(@attributes.merged_attributes[:arglebargle]).to eq([ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ])
-      expect(@attributes.default[:arglebargle]).to eq([ 1, 2, 3 ])
-      expect(@attributes.role_default[:arglebargle]).to eq([ 4, 5, 6 ])
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "when attemping to write without specifying precedence" do
-    it "raises an error when using []=" do
-      expect { @attributes[:new_key] = "new value" }.to raise_error(Chef::Exceptions::ImmutableAttributeModification)
-    end
-
-    it "raises an error when using `attr=value`" do
-      Chef::Config[:treat_deprecation_warnings_as_errors] = false
-      expect { @attributes.new_key = "new value" }.to raise_error(Chef::Exceptions::ImmutableAttributeModification)
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "deeply converting values" do
-    it "converts values through an array" do
-      @attributes.default[:foo] = [ { bar: true } ]
-      expect(@attributes["foo"].class).to eql(Chef::Node::ImmutableArray)
-      expect(@attributes["foo"][0].class).to eql(Chef::Node::ImmutableMash)
-      expect(@attributes["foo"][0]["bar"]).to be true
-    end
-
-    it "converts values through nested arrays" do
-      @attributes.default[:foo] = [ [ { bar: true } ] ]
-      expect(@attributes["foo"].class).to eql(Chef::Node::ImmutableArray)
-      expect(@attributes["foo"][0].class).to eql(Chef::Node::ImmutableArray)
-      expect(@attributes["foo"][0][0].class).to eql(Chef::Node::ImmutableMash)
-      expect(@attributes["foo"][0][0]["bar"]).to be true
-    end
-
-    it "converts values through nested hashes" do
-      @attributes.default[:foo] = { baz: { bar: true } }
-      expect(@attributes["foo"].class).to eql(Chef::Node::ImmutableMash)
-      expect(@attributes["foo"]["baz"].class).to eql(Chef::Node::ImmutableMash)
-      expect(@attributes["foo"]["baz"]["bar"]).to be true
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "node state" do
-    it "sets __root__ correctly" do
-      @attributes.default["foo"]["bar"]["baz"] = "quux"
-      expect(@attributes["foo"].__root__).to eql(@attributes)
-      expect(@attributes["foo"]["bar"].__root__).to eql(@attributes)
-      expect(@attributes.default["foo"].__root__).to eql(@attributes)
-      expect(@attributes.default["foo"]["bar"].__root__).to eql(@attributes)
-    end
-
-    it "sets __node__ correctly" do
-      @attributes.default["foo"]["bar"]["baz"] = "quux"
-      expect(@attributes["foo"].__node__).to eql(node)
-      expect(@attributes["foo"]["bar"].__node__).to eql(node)
-      expect(@attributes.default["foo"].__node__).to eql(node)
-      expect(@attributes.default["foo"]["bar"].__node__).to eql(node)
-    end
-
-    it "sets __path__ correctly" do
-      @attributes.default["foo"]["bar"]["baz"] = "quux"
-      expect(@attributes["foo"].__path__).to eql(["foo"])
-      expect(@attributes["foo"]["bar"].__path__).to eql(%w{foo bar})
-      expect(@attributes.default["foo"].__path__).to eql(["foo"])
-      expect(@attributes.default["foo"]["bar"].__path__).to eql(%w{foo bar})
-    end
-
-    it "sets __precedence__ correctly" do
-      @attributes.default["foo"]["bar"]["baz"] = "quux"
-      expect(@attributes["foo"].__precedence__).to eql(:merged)
-      expect(@attributes["foo"]["bar"].__precedence__).to eql(:merged)
-      expect(@attributes.default["foo"].__precedence__).to eql(:default)
-      expect(@attributes.default["foo"]["bar"].__precedence__).to eql(:default)
-    end
-
-    it "notifies on attribute changes" do
-      expect(events).to receive(:attribute_changed).with(:default, ["foo"], {})
-      expect(events).to receive(:attribute_changed).with(:default, %w{foo bar}, {})
-      expect(events).to receive(:attribute_changed).with(:default, %w{foo bar baz}, "quux")
-      @attributes.default["foo"]["bar"]["baz"] = "quux"
-    end
-  end
-end
+#
+# Author:: Adam Jacob (<adam@chef.io>)
+# Author:: AJ Christensen (<aj@chef.io>)
+# Copyright:: Copyright 2008-2016, Chef Software Inc.
+# License:: Apache License, Version 2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+require "spec_helper"
+require "chef/node/attribute"
+
+describe Chef::Node::Attribute do
+  let(:events) { instance_double(Chef::EventDispatch::Dispatcher) }
+  let(:run_context) { instance_double(Chef::RunContext, :events => events) }
+  let(:node) { instance_double(Chef::Node, :run_context => run_context) }
+  before(:each) do
+    allow(events).to receive(:attribute_changed)
+    @attribute_hash =
+      { "dmi" => {},
+        "command" => { "ps" => "ps -ef" },
+        "platform_version" => "10.5.7",
+        "platform" => "mac_os_x",
+        "ipaddress" => "192.168.0.117",
+        "network" => { "default_interface" => "en1",
+                       "interfaces" => { "vmnet1" => { "flags" => %w{UP BROADCAST SMART RUNNING SIMPLEX MULTICAST},
+                                                       "number" => "1",
+                                                       "addresses" => { "00:50:56:c0:00:01" => { "family" => "lladdr" },
+                                                                        "192.168.110.1" => { "broadcast" => "192.168.110.255",
+                                                                                             "netmask" => "255.255.255.0",
+                                                                                             "family" => "inet" } },
+                                                       "mtu" => "1500",
+                                                       "type" => "vmnet",
+                                                       "arp" => { "192.168.110.255" => "ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff" },
+                                                       "encapsulation" => "Ethernet" },
+                                         "stf0" => { "flags" => [],
+                                                     "number" => "0",
+                                                     "addresses" => {},
+                                                     "mtu" => "1280",
+                                                     "type" => "stf",
+                                                     "encapsulation" => "6to4" },
+                                         "lo0" => { "flags" => %w{UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MULTICAST},
+                                                    "number" => "0",
+                                                    "addresses" => { "::1" => { "scope" => "Node", "prefixlen" => "128", "family" => "inet6" },
+                                                                     "127.0.0.1" => { "netmask" => "255.0.0.0", "family" => "inet" },
+                                                                     "fe80::1" => { "scope" => "Link", "prefixlen" => "64", "family" => "inet6" } },
+                                                    "mtu" => "16384",
+                                                    "type" => "lo",
+                                                    "encapsulation" => "Loopback" },
+                                         "gif0" => { "flags" => %w{POINTOPOINT MULTICAST},
+                                                     "number" => "0",
+                                                     "addresses" => {},
+                                                     "mtu" => "1280",
+                                                     "type" => "gif",
+                                                     "encapsulation" => "IPIP" },
+                                         "vmnet8" =>         { "flags" => %w{UP BROADCAST SMART RUNNING SIMPLEX MULTICAST},
+                                                               "number" => "8",
+                                                               "addresses" => { "192.168.4.1" => { "broadcast" => "192.168.4.255",
+                                                                                                   "netmask" => "255.255.255.0",
+                                                                                                   "family" => "inet" },
+                                                                                "00:50:56:c0:00:08" => { "family" => "lladdr" } },
+                                                               "mtu" => "1500",
+                                                               "type" => "vmnet",
+                                                               "arp" => { "192.168.4.255" => "ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff" },
+                                                               "encapsulation" => "Ethernet" },
+                                         "en0" => { "status" => "inactive",
+                                                    "flags" => %w{UP BROADCAST SMART RUNNING SIMPLEX MULTICAST},
+                                                    "number" => "0",
+                                                    "addresses" => { "00:23:32:b0:32:f2" => { "family" => "lladdr" } },
+                                                    "mtu" => "1500",
+                                                    "media" => { "supported" => { "autoselect" => { "options" => [] },
+                                                                                  "none" => { "options" => [] },
+                                                                                  "1000baseT" => { "options" => ["full-duplex", "flow-control", "hw-loopback"] },
+                                                                                  "10baseT/UTP" =>               { "options" => ["half-duplex", "full-duplex", "flow-control", "hw-loopback"] },
+                                                                                  "100baseTX" =>                 { "options" => ["half-duplex", "full-duplex", "flow-control", "hw-loopback"] } },
+                                                                 "selected" => { "autoselect" => { "options" => [] } } },
+                                                    "type" => "en",
+                                                    "encapsulation" => "Ethernet" },
+                                         "en1" => { "status" => "active",
+                                                    "flags" => %w{UP BROADCAST SMART RUNNING SIMPLEX MULTICAST},
+                                                    "number" => "1",
+                                                    "addresses" => { "fe80::223:6cff:fe7f:676c" => { "scope" => "Link", "prefixlen" => "64", "family" => "inet6" },
+                                                                     "00:23:6c:7f:67:6c" => { "family" => "lladdr" },
+                                                                     "192.168.0.117" => { "broadcast" => "192.168.0.255",
+                                                                                          "netmask" => "255.255.255.0",
+                                                                                          "family" => "inet" } },
+                                                    "mtu" => "1500",
+                                                    "media" => { "supported" => { "autoselect" => { "options" => [] } },
+                                                                 "selected" => { "autoselect" => { "options" => [] } } },
+                                                    "type" => "en",
+                                                    "arp" => { "192.168.0.72" => "0:f:ea:39:fa:d5",
+                                                               "192.168.0.1" => "0:1c:fb:fc:6f:20",
+                                                               "192.168.0.255" => "ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
+                                                               "192.168.0.3" => "0:1f:33:ea:26:9b",
+                                                               "192.168.0.77" => "0:23:12:70:f8:cf",
+                                                               "192.168.0.152" => "0:26:8:7d:2:4c" },
+                                                    "encapsulation" => "Ethernet" },
+                                         "en2" => { "status" => "active",
+                                                    "flags" => %w{UP BROADCAST SMART RUNNING SIMPLEX MULTICAST},
+                                                    "number" => "2",
+                                                    "addresses" => { "169.254.206.152" => { "broadcast" => "169.254.255.255",
+                                                                                            "netmask" => "255.255.0.0",
+                                                                                            "family" => "inet" },
+                                                                     "00:1c:42:00:00:01" => { "family" => "lladdr" },
+                                                                     "fe80::21c:42ff:fe00:1" => { "scope" => "Link", "prefixlen" => "64", "family" => "inet6" } },
+                                                    "mtu" => "1500",
+                                                    "media" => { "supported" => { "autoselect" => { "options" => [] } },
+                                                                 "selected" => { "autoselect" => { "options" => [] } } },
+                                                    "type" => "en",
+                                                    "encapsulation" => "Ethernet" },
+                                         "fw0" =>                       { "status" => "inactive",
+                                                                          "flags" => %w{BROADCAST SIMPLEX MULTICAST},
+                                                                          "number" => "0",
+                                                                          "addresses" => { "00:23:32:ff:fe:b0:32:f2" => { "family" => "lladdr" } },
+                                                                          "mtu" => "4078",
+                                                                          "media" => { "supported" => { "autoselect" => { "options" => ["full-duplex"] } },
+                                                                                       "selected" => { "autoselect" => { "options" => ["full-duplex"] } } },
+                                                                          "type" => "fw",
+                                                                          "encapsulation" => "1394" },
+                                         "en3" =>                       { "status" => "active",
+                                                                          "flags" => %w{UP BROADCAST SMART RUNNING SIMPLEX MULTICAST},
+                                                                          "number" => "3",
+                                                                          "addresses" => { "169.254.206.152" => { "broadcast" => "169.254.255.255",
+                                                                                                                  "netmask" => "255.255.0.0",
+                                                                                                                  "family" => "inet" },
+                                                                                           "00:1c:42:00:00:00" => { "family" => "lladdr" },
+                                                                                           "fe80::21c:42ff:fe00:0" => { "scope" => "Link", "prefixlen" => "64", "family" => "inet6" } },
+                                                                          "mtu" => "1500",
+                                                                          "media" => { "supported" => { "autoselect" => { "options" => [] } },
+                                                                                       "selected" => { "autoselect" => { "options" => [] } } },
+                                                                          "type" => "en",
+                                                                          "encapsulation" => "Ethernet" } } },
+        "fqdn" => "latte.local",
+        "ohai_time" => 1249065590.90391,
+        "domain" => "local",
+        "os" => "darwin",
+        "platform_build" => "9J61",
+        "os_version" => "9.7.0",
+        "hostname" => "latte",
+        "macaddress" => "00:23:6c:7f:67:6c",
+        "music" => { "jimmy_eat_world" => "nice", "apophis" => false },
+    }
+    @default_hash = {
+      "domain" => "opscode.com",
+      "hot" => { "day" => "saturday" },
+      "music" => {
+        "jimmy_eat_world" => "is fun!",
+        "mastodon" => "rocks",
+        "mars_volta" => "is loud and nutty",
+        "deeper" => { "gates_of_ishtar" => nil },
+        "this" => { "apparatus" => { "must" => "be unearthed" } },
+      },
+    }
+    @override_hash = {
+      "macaddress" => "00:00:00:00:00:00",
+      "hot" => { "day" => "sunday" },
+      "fire" => "still burn",
+      "music" => {
+        "mars_volta" => "cicatriz",
+      },
+    }
+    @automatic_hash = { "week" => "friday" }
+    @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(@attribute_hash, @default_hash, @override_hash, @automatic_hash, node)
+  end
+
+  describe "initialize" do
+    it "should return a Chef::Node::Attribute" do
+      expect(@attributes).to be_a_kind_of(Chef::Node::Attribute)
+    end
+
+    it "should take an Automatioc, Normal, Default and Override hash" do
+      expect { Chef::Node::Attribute.new({}, {}, {}, {}) }.not_to raise_error
+    end
+
+    [ :normal, :default, :override, :automatic ].each do |accessor|
+      it "should set #{accessor}" do
+        na = Chef::Node::Attribute.new({ :normal => true }, { :default => true }, { :override => true }, { :automatic => true })
+        expect(na.send(accessor)).to eq({ accessor.to_s => true })
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "should be enumerable" do
+      expect(@attributes).to be_is_a(Enumerable)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when printing attribute components" do
+
+    it "does not cause a type error" do
+      # See CHEF-3799; IO#puts implicitly calls #to_ary on its argument. This
+      # is expected to raise a NoMethodError or return an Array. `to_ary` is
+      # the "strict" conversion method that should only be implemented by
+      # things that are truly Array-like, so NoMethodError is the right choice.
+      # (cf. there is no Hash#to_ary).
+      expect { @attributes.default.to_ary }.to raise_error(NoMethodError)
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  describe "when debugging attributes" do
+    before do
+      @attributes.default[:foo][:bar] = "default"
+      @attributes.env_default[:foo][:bar] = "env_default"
+      @attributes.role_default[:foo][:bar] = "role_default"
+      @attributes.force_default[:foo][:bar] = "force_default"
+      @attributes.normal[:foo][:bar] = "normal"
+      @attributes.override[:foo][:bar] = "override"
+      @attributes.role_override[:foo][:bar] = "role_override"
+      @attributes.env_override[:foo][:bar] = "env_override"
+      @attributes.force_override[:foo][:bar] = "force_override"
+      @attributes.automatic[:foo][:bar] = "automatic"
+    end
+
+    it "gives the value at each level of precedence for a path spec" do
+      expected = [
+        %w{default default},
+        %w{env_default env_default},
+        %w{role_default role_default},
+        %w{force_default force_default},
+        %w{normal normal},
+        %w{override override},
+        %w{role_override role_override},
+        %w{env_override env_override},
+        %w{force_override force_override},
+        %w{automatic automatic},
+      ]
+      expect(@attributes.debug_value(:foo, :bar)).to eq(expected)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when fetching values based on precedence" do
+    before do
+      @attributes.default["default"] = "cookbook default"
+      @attributes.override["override"] = "cookbook override"
+    end
+
+    it "prefers 'forced default' over any other default" do
+      @attributes.force_default["default"] = "force default"
+      @attributes.role_default["default"] = "role default"
+      @attributes.env_default["default"] = "environment default"
+      expect(@attributes["default"]).to eq("force default")
+    end
+
+    it "prefers role_default over environment or cookbook default" do
+      @attributes.role_default["default"] = "role default"
+      @attributes.env_default["default"] = "environment default"
+      expect(@attributes["default"]).to eq("role default")
+    end
+
+    it "prefers environment default over cookbook default" do
+      @attributes.env_default["default"] = "environment default"
+      expect(@attributes["default"]).to eq("environment default")
+    end
+
+    it "returns the cookbook default when no other default values are present" do
+      expect(@attributes["default"]).to eq("cookbook default")
+    end
+
+    it "prefers 'forced overrides' over role or cookbook overrides" do
+      @attributes.force_override["override"] = "force override"
+      @attributes.env_override["override"] = "environment override"
+      @attributes.role_override["override"] = "role override"
+      expect(@attributes["override"]).to eq("force override")
+    end
+
+    it "prefers environment overrides over role or cookbook overrides" do
+      @attributes.env_override["override"] = "environment override"
+      @attributes.role_override["override"] = "role override"
+      expect(@attributes["override"]).to eq("environment override")
+    end
+
+    it "prefers role overrides over cookbook overrides" do
+      @attributes.role_override["override"] = "role override"
+      expect(@attributes["override"]).to eq("role override")
+    end
+
+    it "returns cookbook overrides when no other overrides are present" do
+      expect(@attributes["override"]).to eq("cookbook override")
+    end
+
+    it "merges arrays within the default precedence" do
+      @attributes.role_default["array"] = %w{role}
+      @attributes.env_default["array"] = %w{env}
+      expect(@attributes["array"]).to eq(%w{env role})
+    end
+
+    it "merges arrays within the override precedence" do
+      @attributes.role_override["array"] = %w{role}
+      @attributes.env_override["array"] = %w{env}
+      expect(@attributes["array"]).to eq(%w{role env})
+    end
+
+    it "does not merge arrays between default and normal" do
+      @attributes.role_default["array"] = %w{role}
+      @attributes.normal["array"] = %w{normal}
+      expect(@attributes["array"]).to eq(%w{normal})
+    end
+
+    it "does not merge arrays between normal and override" do
+      @attributes.normal["array"] = %w{normal}
+      @attributes.role_override["array"] = %w{role}
+      expect(@attributes["array"]).to eq(%w{role})
+    end
+
+    it "merges nested hashes between precedence levels" do
+      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new({}, {}, {}, {})
+      @attributes.env_default = { "a" => { "b" => { "default" => "default" } } }
+      @attributes.normal = { "a" => { "b" => { "normal" => "normal" } } }
+      @attributes.override = { "a" => { "override" => "role" } }
+      @attributes.automatic = { "a" => { "automatic" => "auto" } }
+      expect(@attributes["a"]).to eq({ "b" => { "default" => "default", "normal" => "normal" },
+                                       "override" => "role",
+                                       "automatic" => "auto" })
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when reading combined default or override values" do
+    before do
+      @attributes.default["cd"] = "cookbook default"
+      @attributes.role_default["rd"] = "role default"
+      @attributes.env_default["ed"] = "env default"
+      @attributes.default!["fd"] = "force default"
+      @attributes.override["co"] = "cookbook override"
+      @attributes.role_override["ro"] = "role override"
+      @attributes.env_override["eo"] = "env override"
+      @attributes.override!["fo"] = "force override"
+    end
+
+    it "merges all types of overrides into a combined override" do
+      expect(@attributes.combined_override["co"]).to eq("cookbook override")
+      expect(@attributes.combined_override["ro"]).to eq("role override")
+      expect(@attributes.combined_override["eo"]).to eq("env override")
+      expect(@attributes.combined_override["fo"]).to eq("force override")
+    end
+
+    it "merges all types of defaults into a combined default" do
+      expect(@attributes.combined_default["cd"]).to eq("cookbook default")
+      expect(@attributes.combined_default["rd"]).to eq("role default")
+      expect(@attributes.combined_default["ed"]).to eq("env default")
+      expect(@attributes.combined_default["fd"]).to eq("force default")
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  describe "[]" do
+    it "should return override data if it exists" do
+      expect(@attributes["macaddress"]).to eq("00:00:00:00:00:00")
+    end
+
+    it "should return attribute data if it is not overridden" do
+      expect(@attributes["platform"]).to eq("mac_os_x")
+    end
+
+    it "should return data that doesn't have corresponding keys in every hash" do
+      expect(@attributes["command"]["ps"]).to eq("ps -ef")
+    end
+
+    it "should return default data if it is not overriden or in attribute data" do
+      expect(@attributes["music"]["mastodon"]).to eq("rocks")
+    end
+
+    it "should prefer the override data over an available default" do
+      expect(@attributes["music"]["mars_volta"]).to eq("cicatriz")
+    end
+
+    it "should prefer the attribute data over an available default" do
+      expect(@attributes["music"]["jimmy_eat_world"]).to eq("nice")
+    end
+
+    it "should prefer override data over default data if there is no attribute data" do
+      expect(@attributes["hot"]["day"]).to eq("sunday")
+    end
+
+    it "should return the merged hash if all three have values" do
+      result = @attributes["music"]
+      expect(result["mars_volta"]).to eq("cicatriz")
+      expect(result["jimmy_eat_world"]).to eq("nice")
+      expect(result["mastodon"]).to eq("rocks")
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "[]=" do
+    it "should error out when the type of attribute to set has not been specified" do
+      @attributes.normal["the_ghost"] = {}
+      expect { @attributes["the_ghost"]["exterminate"] = false }.to raise_error(Chef::Exceptions::ImmutableAttributeModification)
+    end
+
+    it "should let you set an attribute value when another hash has an intermediate value" do
+      @attributes.normal["the_ghost"] = { "exterminate" => "the future" }
+      expect { @attributes.normal["the_ghost"]["eviscerate"]["tomorrow"] = false }.not_to raise_error
+    end
+
+    it "should set the attribute value" do
+      @attributes.normal["longboard"] = "surfing"
+      expect(@attributes.normal["longboard"]).to eq("surfing")
+      expect(@attributes.normal["longboard"]).to eq("surfing")
+    end
+
+    it "should set deeply nested attribute values when a precedence level is specified" do
+      @attributes.normal["deftones"]["hunters"]["nap"] = "surfing"
+      expect(@attributes.normal["deftones"]["hunters"]["nap"]).to eq("surfing")
+    end
+
+    it "should die if you try and do nested attributes that do not exist without read vivification" do
+      expect { @attributes["foo"]["bar"] = :baz }.to raise_error(NoMethodError)
+    end
+
+    it "should let you set attributes manually without vivification" do
+      @attributes.normal["foo"] = Mash.new
+      @attributes.normal["foo"]["bar"] = :baz
+      expect(@attributes.normal["foo"]["bar"]).to eq(:baz)
+    end
+
+    it "does not support ||= when setting" do
+      # This is a limitation of auto-vivification.
+      # Users who need this behavior can use set_unless and friends
+      @attributes.normal["foo"] = Mash.new
+      @attributes.normal["foo"]["bar"] ||= "stop the world"
+      expect(@attributes.normal["foo"]["bar"]).to eq({})
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "to_hash" do
+    it "should convert to a hash" do
+      expect(@attributes.to_hash.class).to eq(Hash)
+    end
+
+    it "should convert to a hash based on current state" do
+      hash = @attributes["hot"].to_hash
+      expect(hash.class).to eq(Hash)
+      expect(hash["day"]).to eq("sunday")
+    end
+
+    it "should create a deep copy of the node attribute" do
+      @attributes.default["foo"]["bar"]["baz"] = "fizz"
+      hash = @attributes["foo"].to_hash
+      expect(hash).to eql({ "bar" => { "baz" => "fizz" } })
+      hash["bar"]["baz"] = "buzz"
+      expect(hash).to eql({ "bar" => { "baz" => "buzz" } })
+      expect(@attributes.default["foo"]).to eql({ "bar" => { "baz" => "fizz" } })
+    end
+
+    it "should create a deep copy of arrays in the node attribute" do
+      @attributes.default["foo"]["bar"] = ["fizz"]
+      hash = @attributes["foo"].to_hash
+      expect(hash).to eql({ "bar" => [ "fizz" ] })
+      hash["bar"].push("buzz")
+      expect(hash).to eql({ "bar" => %w{fizz buzz} })
+      expect(@attributes.default["foo"]).to eql({ "bar" => [ "fizz" ] })
+    end
+
+    it "mutating strings should not mutate the attributes" do
+      pending "this is a bug that should be fixed"
+      @attributes.default["foo"]["bar"]["baz"] = "fizz"
+      hash = @attributes["foo"].to_hash
+      expect(hash).to eql({ "bar" => { "baz" => "fizz" } })
+      hash["bar"]["baz"] << "buzz"
+      expect(hash).to eql({ "bar" => { "baz" => "fizzbuzz" } })
+      expect(@attributes.default["foo"]).to eql({ "bar" => { "baz" => "fizz" } })
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "dup" do
+    it "array can be duped even if some elements can't" do
+      @attributes.default[:foo] = %w{foo bar baz} + Array(1..3) + [nil, true, false, [ "el", 0, nil ] ]
+      @attributes.default[:foo].dup
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "has_key?" do
+    it "should return true if an attribute exists" do
+      expect(@attributes.has_key?("music")).to eq(true)
+    end
+
+    it "should return false if an attribute does not exist" do
+      expect(@attributes.has_key?("ninja")).to eq(false)
+    end
+
+    it "should return false if an attribute does not exist using dot notation" do
+      expect(@attributes.has_key?("does_not_exist_at_all")).to eq(false)
+    end
+
+    it "should return true if an attribute exists but is set to nil using dot notation" do
+      Chef::Config[:treat_deprecation_warnings_as_errors] = false
+      expect(@attributes.music.deeper.has_key?("gates_of_ishtar")).to eq(true)
+    end
+
+    it "should return true if an attribute exists but is set to false" do
+      @attributes.has_key?("music")
+      expect(@attributes["music"].has_key?("apophis")).to eq(true)
+    end
+
+    it "does not find keys above the current nesting level" do
+      expect(@attributes["music"]["this"]["apparatus"]).not_to have_key("this")
+    end
+
+    it "does not find keys below the current nesting level" do
+      expect(@attributes["music"]["this"]).not_to have_key("must")
+    end
+
+    [:include?, :key?, :member?].each do |method|
+      it "should alias the method #{method} to itself" do
+        expect(@attributes).to respond_to(method)
+      end
+
+      it "#{method} should behave like has_key?" do
+        expect(@attributes.send(method, "music")).to eq(true)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "attribute?" do
+    it "should return true if an attribute exists" do
+      expect(@attributes.attribute?("music")).to eq(true)
+    end
+
+    it "should return false if an attribute does not exist" do
+      expect(@attributes.attribute?("ninja")).to eq(false)
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  describe "method_missing" do
+    it "should behave like a [] lookup" do
+      Chef::Config[:treat_deprecation_warnings_as_errors] = false
+      expect(@attributes.music.mastodon).to eq("rocks")
+    end
+
+    it "should allow the last method to set a value if it has an = sign on the end" do
+      Chef::Config[:treat_deprecation_warnings_as_errors] = false
+      @attributes.normal.music.mastodon = %w{dream still shining}
+      expect(@attributes.normal.music.mastodon).to eq(%w{dream still shining})
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "keys" do
+    before(:each) do
+      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
+        {
+          "one" =>  { "two" => "three" },
+          "hut" =>  { "two" => "three" },
+          "place" => {},
+        },
+        {
+          "one" => { "four" => "five" },
+          "snakes" => "on a plane",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" => { "six" => "seven" },
+          "snack" => "cookies",
+        },
+        {}
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should yield each top level key" do
+      collect = Array.new
+      @attributes.keys.each do |k|
+        collect << k
+      end
+      expect(collect.include?("one")).to eq(true)
+      expect(collect.include?("hut")).to eq(true)
+      expect(collect.include?("snakes")).to eq(true)
+      expect(collect.include?("snack")).to eq(true)
+      expect(collect.include?("place")).to eq(true)
+      expect(collect.length).to eq(5)
+    end
+
+    it "should yield lower if we go deeper" do
+      collect = Array.new
+      @attributes["one"].keys.each do |k|
+        collect << k
+      end
+      expect(collect.include?("two")).to eq(true)
+      expect(collect.include?("four")).to eq(true)
+      expect(collect.include?("six")).to eq(true)
+      expect(collect.length).to eq(3)
+    end
+
+    it "should not raise an exception if one of the hashes has a nil value on a deep lookup" do
+      expect { @attributes["place"].keys { |k| } }.not_to raise_error
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "each" do
+    before(:each) do
+      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
+        {
+          "one" =>  "two",
+          "hut" =>  "three",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" =>  "four",
+          "snakes" => "on a plane",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" => "six",
+          "snack" => "cookies",
+        },
+        {}
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should yield each top level key and value, post merge rules" do
+      collect = Hash.new
+      @attributes.each do |k, v|
+        collect[k] = v
+      end
+
+      expect(collect["one"]).to eq("six")
+      expect(collect["hut"]).to eq("three")
+      expect(collect["snakes"]).to eq("on a plane")
+      expect(collect["snack"]).to eq("cookies")
+    end
+
+    it "should yield as a two-element array" do
+      @attributes.each do |a|
+        expect(a).to be_an_instance_of(Array)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "each_key" do
+    before do
+      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
+        {
+          "one" =>  "two",
+          "hut" =>  "three",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" =>  "four",
+          "snakes" => "on a plane",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" => "six",
+          "snack" => "cookies",
+        },
+        {}
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should respond to each_key" do
+      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:each_key)
+    end
+
+    it "should yield each top level key, post merge rules" do
+      collect = Array.new
+      @attributes.each_key do |k|
+        collect << k
+      end
+
+      expect(collect).to include("one")
+      expect(collect).to include("snack")
+      expect(collect).to include("hut")
+      expect(collect).to include("snakes")
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "each_pair" do
+    before do
+      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
+        {
+          "one" =>  "two",
+          "hut" =>  "three",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" =>  "four",
+          "snakes" => "on a plane",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" => "six",
+          "snack" => "cookies",
+        },
+        {}
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should respond to each_pair" do
+      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:each_pair)
+    end
+
+    it "should yield each top level key and value pair, post merge rules" do
+      collect = Hash.new
+      @attributes.each_pair do |k, v|
+        collect[k] = v
+      end
+
+      expect(collect["one"]).to eq("six")
+      expect(collect["hut"]).to eq("three")
+      expect(collect["snakes"]).to eq("on a plane")
+      expect(collect["snack"]).to eq("cookies")
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "each_value" do
+    before do
+      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
+        {
+          "one" =>  "two",
+          "hut" =>  "three",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" =>  "four",
+          "snakes" => "on a plane",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" => "six",
+          "snack" => "cookies",
+        },
+        {}
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should respond to each_value" do
+      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:each_value)
+    end
+
+    it "should yield each value, post merge rules" do
+      collect = Array.new
+      @attributes.each_value do |v|
+        collect << v
+      end
+
+      expect(collect).to include("cookies")
+      expect(collect).to include("three")
+      expect(collect).to include("on a plane")
+    end
+
+    it "should yield four elements" do
+      collect = Array.new
+      @attributes.each_value do |v|
+        collect << v
+      end
+
+      expect(collect.length).to eq(4)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "empty?" do
+    before do
+      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
+        {
+          "one" =>  "two",
+          "hut" =>  "three",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" =>  "four",
+          "snakes" => "on a plane",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" => "six",
+          "snack" => "cookies",
+        },
+        {}
+      )
+      @empty = Chef::Node::Attribute.new({}, {}, {}, {})
+    end
+
+    it "should respond to empty?" do
+      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:empty?)
+    end
+
+    it "should return true when there are no keys" do
+      expect(@empty.empty?).to eq(true)
+    end
+
+    it "should return false when there are keys" do
+      expect(@attributes.empty?).to eq(false)
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  describe "fetch" do
+    before do
+      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
+        {
+          "one" =>  "two",
+          "hut" =>  "three",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" =>  "four",
+          "snakes" => "on a plane",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" => "six",
+          "snack" => "cookies",
+        },
+        {}
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should respond to fetch" do
+      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:fetch)
+    end
+
+    describe "when the key exists" do
+      it "should return the value of the key, post merge (same result as each)" do
+        {
+          "one" => "six",
+          "hut" => "three",
+          "snakes" => "on a plane",
+          "snack" => "cookies",
+        }.each do |k, v|
+          expect(@attributes.fetch(k)).to eq(v)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "when the key does not exist" do
+      describe "and no args are passed" do
+        it "should raise an indexerror" do
+          expect { @attributes.fetch("lololol") }.to raise_error(IndexError)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe "and a default arg is passed" do
+        it "should return the value of the default arg" do
+          expect(@attributes.fetch("lol", "blah")).to eq("blah")
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe "and a block is passed" do
+        it "should run the block and return its value" do
+          expect(@attributes.fetch("lol") { |x| "#{x}, blah" }).to eq("lol, blah")
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "has_value?" do
+    before do
+      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
+        {
+          "one" =>  "two",
+          "hut" =>  "three",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" =>  "four",
+          "snakes" => "on a plane",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" => "six",
+          "snack" => "cookies",
+        },
+        {}
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should respond to has_value?" do
+      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:has_value?)
+    end
+
+    it "should return true if any key has the value supplied" do
+      expect(@attributes.has_value?("cookies")).to eq(true)
+    end
+
+    it "should return false no key has the value supplied" do
+      expect(@attributes.has_value?("lololol")).to eq(false)
+    end
+
+    it "should alias value?" do
+      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:value?)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "index" do
+    # Hash#index is deprecated and triggers warnings.
+    def silence
+      old_verbose = $VERBOSE
+      $VERBOSE = nil
+      yield
+    ensure
+      $VERBOSE = old_verbose
+    end
+
+    before do
+      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
+        {
+          "one" =>  "two",
+          "hut" =>  "three",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" =>  "four",
+          "snakes" => "on a plane",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" => "six",
+          "snack" => "cookies",
+        },
+        {}
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should respond to index" do
+      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:index)
+    end
+
+    describe "when the value is indexed" do
+      it "should return the index" do
+        silence do
+          expect(@attributes.index("six")).to eq("one")
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "when the value is not indexed" do
+      it "should return nil" do
+        silence do
+          expect(@attributes.index("lolol")).to eq(nil)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  describe "values" do
+    before do
+      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
+        {
+          "one" =>  "two",
+          "hut" =>  "three",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" =>  "four",
+          "snakes" => "on a plane",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" => "six",
+          "snack" => "cookies",
+        },
+        {}
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should respond to values" do
+      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:values)
+    end
+
+    it "should return an array of values" do
+      expect(@attributes.values.length).to eq(4)
+    end
+
+    it "should match the values output from each" do
+      expect(@attributes.values).to include("six")
+      expect(@attributes.values).to include("cookies")
+      expect(@attributes.values).to include("three")
+      expect(@attributes.values).to include("on a plane")
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  describe "select" do
+    before do
+      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
+        {
+          "one" =>  "two",
+          "hut" =>  "three",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" =>  "four",
+          "snakes" => "on a plane",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" => "six",
+          "snack" => "cookies",
+        },
+        {}
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should respond to select" do
+      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:select)
+    end
+
+    if RUBY_VERSION >= "1.8.7"
+      it "should not raise a LocalJumpError if no block is given" do
+        expect { @attributes.select }.not_to raise_error
+      end
+    else
+      it "should raise a LocalJumpError if no block is given" do
+        expect { @attributes.select }.to raise_error(LocalJumpError)
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "should return an empty hash/array (ruby-version-dependent) for a block containing nil" do
+      expect(@attributes.select { nil }).to eq({}.select { nil })
+    end
+
+    # sorted for spec clarity
+    it "should return a new array of k,v pairs for which the block returns true" do
+      expect(@attributes.select { true }.sort).to eq(
+        [
+          %w{hut three},
+          %w{one six},
+          %w{snack cookies},
+          ["snakes", "on a plane"],
+        ]
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "size" do
+    before do
+      @attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(
+        {
+          "one" =>  "two",
+          "hut" =>  "three",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" =>  "four",
+          "snakes" => "on a plane",
+        },
+        {
+          "one" => "six",
+          "snack" => "cookies",
+        },
+        {}
+      )
+
+      @empty = Chef::Node::Attribute.new({}, {}, {}, {})
+    end
+
+    it "should respond to size" do
+      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:size)
+    end
+
+    it "should alias length to size" do
+      expect(@attributes).to respond_to(:length)
+    end
+
+    it "should return 0 for an empty attribute" do
+      expect(@empty.size).to eq(0)
+    end
+
+    it "should return the number of pairs" do
+      expect(@attributes.size).to eq(4)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "kind_of?" do
+    it "should falsely inform you that it is a Hash" do
+      expect(@attributes).to be_a_kind_of(Hash)
+    end
+
+    it "should falsely inform you that it is a Mash" do
+      expect(@attributes).to be_a_kind_of(Mash)
+    end
+
+    it "should inform you that it is a Chef::Node::Attribute" do
+      expect(@attributes).to be_a_kind_of(Chef::Node::Attribute)
+    end
+
+    it "should inform you that it is anything else" do
+      expect(@attributes).not_to be_a_kind_of(Chef::Node)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "to_s" do
+    it "should output simple attributes" do
+      attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(nil, nil, nil, nil)
+      expect(attributes.to_s).to eq("{}")
+    end
+
+    it "should output merged attributes" do
+      default_hash = {
+          "a" => 1,
+          "b" => 2,
+      }
+      override_hash = {
+          "b" => 3,
+          "c" => 4,
+      }
+      attributes = Chef::Node::Attribute.new(nil, default_hash, override_hash, nil)
+      expect(attributes.to_s).to eq('{"a"=>1, "b"=>3, "c"=>4}')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "inspect" do
+    it "should be readable" do
+      # NOTE: previous implementation hid the values, showing @automatic={...}
+      # That is nice and compact, but hides a lot of info, which seems counter
+      # to the point of calling #inspect...
+      expect(@attributes.inspect).to match(/@automatic=\{.*\}/)
+      expect(@attributes.inspect).to match(/@normal=\{.*\}/)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when not mutated" do
+
+    it "does not reset the cache when dup'd [CHEF-3680]" do
+      @attributes.default[:foo][:bar] = "set on original"
+      subtree = @attributes[:foo]
+      @attributes.default[:foo].dup[:bar] = "set on dup"
+      expect(subtree[:bar]).to eq("set on original")
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  describe "when setting a component attribute to a new value" do
+    it "converts the input in to a VividMash tree (default)" do
+      @attributes.default = {}
+      @attributes.default.foo = "bar"
+      expect(@attributes.merged_attributes[:foo]).to eq("bar")
+    end
+
+    it "converts the input in to a VividMash tree (normal)" do
+      @attributes.normal = {}
+      @attributes.normal.foo = "bar"
+      expect(@attributes.merged_attributes[:foo]).to eq("bar")
+    end
+
+    it "converts the input in to a VividMash tree (override)" do
+      @attributes.override = {}
+      @attributes.override.foo = "bar"
+      expect(@attributes.merged_attributes[:foo]).to eq("bar")
+    end
+
+    it "converts the input in to a VividMash tree (automatic)" do
+      @attributes.automatic = {}
+      @attributes.automatic.foo = "bar"
+      expect(@attributes.merged_attributes[:foo]).to eq("bar")
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when deep-merging between precedence levels" do
+    it "correctly deep merges hashes and preserves the original contents" do
+      @attributes.default = { "arglebargle" => { "foo" => "bar" } }
+      @attributes.override = { "arglebargle" => { "fizz" => "buzz" } }
+      expect(@attributes.merged_attributes[:arglebargle]).to eq({ "foo" => "bar", "fizz" => "buzz" })
+      expect(@attributes.default[:arglebargle]).to eq({ "foo" => "bar" })
+      expect(@attributes.override[:arglebargle]).to eq({ "fizz" => "buzz" })
+    end
+
+    it "does not deep merge arrays, and preserves the original contents" do
+      @attributes.default = { "arglebargle" => [ 1, 2, 3 ] }
+      @attributes.override = { "arglebargle" => [ 4, 5, 6 ] }
+      expect(@attributes.merged_attributes[:arglebargle]).to eq([ 4, 5, 6 ])
+      expect(@attributes.default[:arglebargle]).to eq([ 1, 2, 3 ])
+      expect(@attributes.override[:arglebargle]).to eq([ 4, 5, 6 ])
+    end
+
+    it "correctly deep merges hashes and preserves the original contents when merging default and role_default" do
+      @attributes.default = { "arglebargle" => { "foo" => "bar" } }
+      @attributes.role_default = { "arglebargle" => { "fizz" => "buzz" } }
+      expect(@attributes.merged_attributes[:arglebargle]).to eq({ "foo" => "bar", "fizz" => "buzz" })
+      expect(@attributes.default[:arglebargle]).to eq({ "foo" => "bar" })
+      expect(@attributes.role_default[:arglebargle]).to eq({ "fizz" => "buzz" })
+    end
+
+    it "correctly deep merges arrays, and preserves the original contents when merging default and role_default" do
+      @attributes.default = { "arglebargle" => [ 1, 2, 3 ] }
+      @attributes.role_default = { "arglebargle" => [ 4, 5, 6 ] }
+      expect(@attributes.merged_attributes[:arglebargle]).to eq([ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ])
+      expect(@attributes.default[:arglebargle]).to eq([ 1, 2, 3 ])
+      expect(@attributes.role_default[:arglebargle]).to eq([ 4, 5, 6 ])
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when attemping to write without specifying precedence" do
+    it "raises an error when using []=" do
+      expect { @attributes[:new_key] = "new value" }.to raise_error(Chef::Exceptions::ImmutableAttributeModification)
+    end
+
+    it "raises an error when using `attr=value`" do
+      Chef::Config[:treat_deprecation_warnings_as_errors] = false
+      expect { @attributes.new_key = "new value" }.to raise_error(Chef::Exceptions::ImmutableAttributeModification)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "deeply converting values" do
+    it "converts values through an array" do
+      @attributes.default[:foo] = [ { bar: true } ]
+      expect(@attributes["foo"].class).to eql(Chef::Node::ImmutableArray)
+      expect(@attributes["foo"][0].class).to eql(Chef::Node::ImmutableMash)
+      expect(@attributes["foo"][0]["bar"]).to be true
+    end
+
+    it "converts values through nested arrays" do
+      @attributes.default[:foo] = [ [ { bar: true } ] ]
+      expect(@attributes["foo"].class).to eql(Chef::Node::ImmutableArray)
+      expect(@attributes["foo"][0].class).to eql(Chef::Node::ImmutableArray)
+      expect(@attributes["foo"][0][0].class).to eql(Chef::Node::ImmutableMash)
+      expect(@attributes["foo"][0][0]["bar"]).to be true
+    end
+
+    it "converts values through nested hashes" do
+      @attributes.default[:foo] = { baz: { bar: true } }
+      expect(@attributes["foo"].class).to eql(Chef::Node::ImmutableMash)
+      expect(@attributes["foo"]["baz"].class).to eql(Chef::Node::ImmutableMash)
+      expect(@attributes["foo"]["baz"]["bar"]).to be true
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "node state" do
+    it "sets __root__ correctly" do
+      @attributes.default["foo"]["bar"]["baz"] = "quux"
+      expect(@attributes["foo"].__root__).to eql(@attributes)
+      expect(@attributes["foo"]["bar"].__root__).to eql(@attributes)
+      expect(@attributes.default["foo"].__root__).to eql(@attributes)
+      expect(@attributes.default["foo"]["bar"].__root__).to eql(@attributes)
+    end
+
+    it "sets __node__ correctly" do
+      @attributes.default["foo"]["bar"]["baz"] = "quux"
+      expect(@attributes["foo"].__node__).to eql(node)
+      expect(@attributes["foo"]["bar"].__node__).to eql(node)
+      expect(@attributes.default["foo"].__node__).to eql(node)
+      expect(@attributes.default["foo"]["bar"].__node__).to eql(node)
+    end
+
+    it "sets __path__ correctly" do
+      @attributes.default["foo"]["bar"]["baz"] = "quux"
+      expect(@attributes["foo"].__path__).to eql(["foo"])
+      expect(@attributes["foo"]["bar"].__path__).to eql(%w{foo bar})
+      expect(@attributes.default["foo"].__path__).to eql(["foo"])
+      expect(@attributes.default["foo"]["bar"].__path__).to eql(%w{foo bar})
+    end
+
+    it "sets __precedence__ correctly" do
+      @attributes.default["foo"]["bar"]["baz"] = "quux"
+      expect(@attributes["foo"].__precedence__).to eql(:merged)
+      expect(@attributes["foo"]["bar"].__precedence__).to eql(:merged)
+      expect(@attributes.default["foo"].__precedence__).to eql(:default)
+      expect(@attributes.default["foo"]["bar"].__precedence__).to eql(:default)
+    end
+
+    it "notifies on attribute changes" do
+      expect(events).to receive(:attribute_changed).with(:default, ["foo"], {})
+      expect(events).to receive(:attribute_changed).with(:default, %w{foo bar}, {})
+      expect(events).to receive(:attribute_changed).with(:default, %w{foo bar baz}, "quux")
+      @attributes.default["foo"]["bar"]["baz"] = "quux"
+    end
+  end
+end