calabash-android 0.0.1

data/test-server/instrumentation-backend/src/sh/calaba/org/codehaus/jackson/impl/WriterBasedGenerator.java

@@ -0,0 +1,1815 @@
+package sh.calaba.org.codehaus.jackson.impl;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+
+import sh.calaba.org.codehaus.jackson.*;
+import sh.calaba.org.codehaus.jackson.io.*;
+import sh.calaba.org.codehaus.jackson.util.CharTypes;
+
+/**
+ * {@link JsonGenerator} that outputs JSON content using a {@link java.io.Writer}
+ * which handles character encoding.
+ */
+public final class WriterBasedGenerator
+    extends JsonGeneratorBase
+{
+    final protected static int SHORT_WRITE = 32;
+
+    final protected static char[] HEX_CHARS = CharTypes.copyHexChars();
+
+    /**
+     * This is the default set of escape codes, over 7-bit ASCII range
+     * (first 128 character codes), used for single-byte UTF-8 characters.
+     */
+    protected final static int[] sOutputEscapes = CharTypes.get7BitOutputEscapes();
+    
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Configuration
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+
+    final protected IOContext _ioContext;
+
+    final protected Writer _writer;
+    
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Configuration, output escaping
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * Currently active set of output escape code definitions (whether
+     * and how to escape or not) for 7-bit ASCII range (first 128
+     * character codes). Defined separately to make potentially
+     * customizable
+     */
+    protected int[] _outputEscapes = sOutputEscapes;
+
+    /**
+     * Value between 128 (0x80) and 65535 (0xFFFF) that indicates highest
+     * Unicode code point that will not need escaping; or 0 to indicate
+     * that all characters can be represented without escaping.
+     * Typically used to force escaping of some portion of character set;
+     * for example to always escape non-ASCII characters (if value was 127).
+     *<p>
+     * NOTE: not all sub-classes make use of this setting.
+     */
+    protected int _maximumNonEscapedChar;
+
+    /**
+     * Definition of custom character escapes to use for generators created
+     * by this factory, if any. If null, standard data format specific
+     * escapes are used.
+     * 
+     * @since 1.8
+     */
+    protected CharacterEscapes _characterEscapes;
+
+    /**
+     * When custom escapes are used, this member variable can be used to
+     * store escape to use
+     * 
+     * @since 1.8
+     */
+    protected SerializableString _currentEscape;
+
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Output buffering
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * Intermediate buffer in which contents are buffered before
+     * being written using {@link #_writer}.
+     */
+    protected char[] _outputBuffer;
+
+    /**
+     * Pointer to the first buffered character to output
+     */
+    protected int _outputHead = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Pointer to the position right beyond the last character to output
+     * (end marker; may point to position right beyond the end of the buffer)
+     */
+    protected int _outputTail = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * End marker of the output buffer; one past the last valid position
+     * within the buffer.
+     */
+    protected int _outputEnd;
+
+    /**
+     * Short (14 char) temporary buffer allocated if needed, for constructing
+     * escape sequences
+     */
+    protected char[] _entityBuffer;
+
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Life-cycle
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+
+    public WriterBasedGenerator(IOContext ctxt, int features, ObjectCodec codec,
+            Writer w)
+    {
+        super(features, codec);
+        _ioContext = ctxt;
+        _writer = w;
+        _outputBuffer = ctxt.allocConcatBuffer();
+        _outputEnd = _outputBuffer.length;
+
+        if (isEnabled(Feature.ESCAPE_NON_ASCII)) {
+            setHighestNonEscapedChar(127);
+        }
+    }
+ 
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Overridden configuration methods
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+    
+    @Override
+    public JsonGenerator setHighestNonEscapedChar(int charCode) {
+        _maximumNonEscapedChar = (charCode < 0) ? 0 : charCode;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getHighestEscapedChar() {
+        return _maximumNonEscapedChar;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public JsonGenerator setCharacterEscapes(CharacterEscapes esc)
+    {
+        _characterEscapes = esc;
+        if (esc == null) { // revert to standard escapes
+            _outputEscapes = sOutputEscapes;
+        } else {
+            _outputEscapes = esc.getEscapeCodesForAscii();
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method for accessing custom escapes factory uses for {@link JsonGenerator}s
+     * it creates.
+     * 
+     * @since 1.8
+     */
+    @Override
+    public CharacterEscapes getCharacterEscapes() {
+        return _characterEscapes;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getOutputTarget() {
+        return _writer;
+    }
+    
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Overridden methods
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+
+    /* Most overrides in this section are just to make methods final,
+     * to allow better inlining...
+     */
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeFieldName(String name)  throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        int status = _writeContext.writeFieldName(name);
+        if (status == JsonWriteContext.STATUS_EXPECT_VALUE) {
+            _reportError("Can not write a field name, expecting a value");
+        }
+        _writeFieldName(name, (status == JsonWriteContext.STATUS_OK_AFTER_COMMA));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeStringField(String fieldName, String value)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        writeFieldName(fieldName);
+        writeString(value);
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public final void writeFieldName(SerializedString name)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        // Object is a value, need to verify it's allowed
+        int status = _writeContext.writeFieldName(name.getValue());
+        if (status == JsonWriteContext.STATUS_EXPECT_VALUE) {
+            _reportError("Can not write a field name, expecting a value");
+        }
+        _writeFieldName(name, (status == JsonWriteContext.STATUS_OK_AFTER_COMMA));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeFieldName(SerializableString name)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        // Object is a value, need to verify it's allowed
+        int status = _writeContext.writeFieldName(name.getValue());
+        if (status == JsonWriteContext.STATUS_EXPECT_VALUE) {
+            _reportError("Can not write a field name, expecting a value");
+        }
+        _writeFieldName(name, (status == JsonWriteContext.STATUS_OK_AFTER_COMMA));
+    }
+    
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Output method implementations, structural
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeStartArray() throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        _verifyValueWrite("start an array");
+        _writeContext = _writeContext.createChildArrayContext();
+        if (_cfgPrettyPrinter != null) {
+            _cfgPrettyPrinter.writeStartArray(this);
+        } else {
+            if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+                _flushBuffer();
+            }
+            _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '[';
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeEndArray() throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        if (!_writeContext.inArray()) {
+            _reportError("Current context not an ARRAY but "+_writeContext.getTypeDesc());
+        }
+        if (_cfgPrettyPrinter != null) {
+            _cfgPrettyPrinter.writeEndArray(this, _writeContext.getEntryCount());
+        } else {
+            if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+                _flushBuffer();
+            }
+            _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = ']';
+        }
+        _writeContext = _writeContext.getParent();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeStartObject() throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        _verifyValueWrite("start an object");
+        _writeContext = _writeContext.createChildObjectContext();
+        if (_cfgPrettyPrinter != null) {
+            _cfgPrettyPrinter.writeStartObject(this);
+        } else {
+            if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+                _flushBuffer();
+            }
+            _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '{';
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeEndObject() throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        if (!_writeContext.inObject()) {
+            _reportError("Current context not an object but "+_writeContext.getTypeDesc());
+        }
+        _writeContext = _writeContext.getParent();
+        if (_cfgPrettyPrinter != null) {
+            _cfgPrettyPrinter.writeEndObject(this, _writeContext.getEntryCount());
+        } else {
+            if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+                _flushBuffer();
+            }
+            _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '}';
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void _writeFieldName(String name, boolean commaBefore)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        if (_cfgPrettyPrinter != null) {
+            _writePPFieldName(name, commaBefore);
+            return;
+        }
+        // for fast+std case, need to output up to 2 chars, comma, dquote
+        if ((_outputTail + 1) >= _outputEnd) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+        }
+        if (commaBefore) {
+            _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = ',';
+        }
+
+        /* To support [JACKSON-46], we'll do this:
+         * (Question: should quoting of spaces (etc) still be enabled?)
+         */
+        if (!isEnabled(Feature.QUOTE_FIELD_NAMES)) {
+            _writeString(name);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // we know there's room for at least one more char
+        _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+        // The beef:
+        _writeString(name);
+        // and closing quotes; need room for one more char:
+        if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+        }
+        _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+    }
+
+    public void _writeFieldName(SerializableString name, boolean commaBefore)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        if (_cfgPrettyPrinter != null) {
+            _writePPFieldName(name, commaBefore);
+            return;
+        }
+        // for fast+std case, need to output up to 2 chars, comma, dquote
+        if ((_outputTail + 1) >= _outputEnd) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+        }
+        if (commaBefore) {
+            _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = ',';
+        }
+        /* To support [JACKSON-46], we'll do this:
+         * (Question: should quoting of spaces (etc) still be enabled?)
+         */
+        final char[] quoted = name.asQuotedChars();
+        if (!isEnabled(Feature.QUOTE_FIELD_NAMES)) {
+            writeRaw(quoted, 0, quoted.length);
+            return;
+        }
+        // we know there's room for at least one more char
+        _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+        // The beef:
+        final int qlen = quoted.length;
+        if ((_outputTail + qlen + 1) >= _outputEnd) {
+            writeRaw(quoted, 0, qlen);
+            // and closing quotes; need room for one more char:
+            if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+                _flushBuffer();
+            }
+            _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+        } else {
+            System.arraycopy(quoted, 0, _outputBuffer, _outputTail, qlen);
+            _outputTail += qlen;
+            _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Specialized version of <code>_writeFieldName</code>, off-lined
+     * to keep the "fast path" as simple (and hopefully fast) as possible.
+     */
+    protected final void _writePPFieldName(String name, boolean commaBefore)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        if (commaBefore) {
+            _cfgPrettyPrinter.writeObjectEntrySeparator(this);
+        } else {
+            _cfgPrettyPrinter.beforeObjectEntries(this);
+        }
+
+        if (isEnabled(Feature.QUOTE_FIELD_NAMES)) { // standard
+            if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+                _flushBuffer();
+            }
+            _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+            _writeString(name);
+            if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+                _flushBuffer();
+            }
+            _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+        } else { // non-standard, omit quotes
+            _writeString(name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected final void _writePPFieldName(SerializableString name, boolean commaBefore)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        if (commaBefore) {
+            _cfgPrettyPrinter.writeObjectEntrySeparator(this);
+        } else {
+            _cfgPrettyPrinter.beforeObjectEntries(this);
+        }
+    
+        final char[] quoted = name.asQuotedChars();
+        if (isEnabled(Feature.QUOTE_FIELD_NAMES)) { // standard
+            if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+                _flushBuffer();
+            }
+            _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+            writeRaw(quoted, 0, quoted.length);
+            if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+                _flushBuffer();
+            }
+            _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+        } else { // non-standard, omit quotes
+            writeRaw(quoted, 0, quoted.length);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Output method implementations, textual
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeString(String text)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        _verifyValueWrite("write text value");
+        if (text == null) {
+            _writeNull();
+            return;
+        }
+        if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+        }
+        _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+        _writeString(text);
+        // And finally, closing quotes
+        if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+        }
+        _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeString(char[] text, int offset, int len)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        _verifyValueWrite("write text value");
+        if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+        }
+        _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+        _writeString(text, offset, len);
+        // And finally, closing quotes
+        if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+        }
+        _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeString(SerializableString sstr)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        _verifyValueWrite("write text value");
+        if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+        }
+        _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+        // Note: copied from writeRaw:
+        char[] text = sstr.asQuotedChars();
+        final int len = text.length;
+        // Only worth buffering if it's a short write?
+        if (len < SHORT_WRITE) {
+            int room = _outputEnd - _outputTail;
+            if (len > room) {
+                _flushBuffer();
+            }
+            System.arraycopy(text, 0, _outputBuffer, _outputTail, len);
+            _outputTail += len;
+        } else {
+            // Otherwise, better just pass through:
+            _flushBuffer();
+            _writer.write(text, 0, len);
+        }
+        if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+        }
+        _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeRawUTF8String(byte[] text, int offset, int length)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        // could add support for buffering if we really want it...
+        _reportUnsupportedOperation();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUTF8String(byte[] text, int offset, int length)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        // could add support for buffering if we really want it...
+        _reportUnsupportedOperation();
+    }
+    
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Output method implementations, unprocessed ("raw")
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeRaw(String text)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        // Nothing to check, can just output as is
+        int len = text.length();
+        int room = _outputEnd - _outputTail;
+
+        if (room == 0) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+            room = _outputEnd - _outputTail;
+        }
+        // But would it nicely fit in? If yes, it's easy
+        if (room >= len) {
+            text.getChars(0, len, _outputBuffer, _outputTail);
+            _outputTail += len;
+        } else {
+            writeRawLong(text);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeRaw(String text, int start, int len)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        // Nothing to check, can just output as is
+        int room = _outputEnd - _outputTail;
+
+        if (room < len) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+            room = _outputEnd - _outputTail;
+        }
+        // But would it nicely fit in? If yes, it's easy
+        if (room >= len) {
+            text.getChars(start, start+len, _outputBuffer, _outputTail);
+            _outputTail += len;
+        } else {            	
+            writeRawLong(text.substring(start, start+len));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeRaw(char[] text, int offset, int len)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        // Only worth buffering if it's a short write?
+        if (len < SHORT_WRITE) {
+            int room = _outputEnd - _outputTail;
+            if (len > room) {
+                _flushBuffer();
+            }
+            System.arraycopy(text, offset, _outputBuffer, _outputTail, len);
+            _outputTail += len;
+            return;
+        }
+        // Otherwise, better just pass through:
+        _flushBuffer();
+        _writer.write(text, offset, len);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeRaw(char c)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+        }
+        _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = c;
+    }
+
+    private void writeRawLong(String text)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        int room = _outputEnd - _outputTail;
+        // If not, need to do it by looping
+        text.getChars(0, room, _outputBuffer, _outputTail);
+        _outputTail += room;
+        _flushBuffer();
+        int offset = room;
+        int len = text.length() - room;
+
+        while (len > _outputEnd) {
+            int amount = _outputEnd;
+            text.getChars(offset, offset+amount, _outputBuffer, 0);
+            _outputHead = 0;
+            _outputTail = amount;
+            _flushBuffer();
+            offset += amount;
+            len -= amount;
+        }
+        // And last piece (at most length of buffer)
+        text.getChars(offset, offset+len, _outputBuffer, 0);
+        _outputHead = 0;
+        _outputTail = len;
+    }
+
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Output method implementations, base64-encoded binary
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBinary(Base64Variant b64variant, byte[] data, int offset, int len)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        _verifyValueWrite("write binary value");
+        // Starting quotes
+        if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+        }
+        _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+        _writeBinary(b64variant, data, offset, offset+len);
+        // and closing quotes
+        if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+        }
+        _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+    }
+
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Output method implementations, primitive
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeNumber(int i)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        _verifyValueWrite("write number");
+        if (_cfgNumbersAsStrings) {
+            _writeQuotedInt(i);
+            return;
+        }
+        // up to 10 digits and possible minus sign
+        if ((_outputTail + 11) >= _outputEnd) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+        }
+        _outputTail = NumberOutput.outputInt(i, _outputBuffer, _outputTail);
+    }
+
+    private final void _writeQuotedInt(int i) throws IOException {
+        if ((_outputTail + 13) >= _outputEnd) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+        }
+        _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+        _outputTail = NumberOutput.outputInt(i, _outputBuffer, _outputTail);
+        _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+    }    
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeNumber(long l)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        _verifyValueWrite("write number");
+        if (_cfgNumbersAsStrings) {
+            _writeQuotedLong(l);
+            return;
+        }
+        if ((_outputTail + 21) >= _outputEnd) {
+            // up to 20 digits, minus sign
+            _flushBuffer();
+        }
+        _outputTail = NumberOutput.outputLong(l, _outputBuffer, _outputTail);
+    }
+
+    private final void _writeQuotedLong(long l) throws IOException {
+        if ((_outputTail + 23) >= _outputEnd) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+        }
+        _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+        _outputTail = NumberOutput.outputLong(l, _outputBuffer, _outputTail);
+        _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+    }
+
+    // !!! 05-Aug-2008, tatus: Any ways to optimize these?
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeNumber(BigInteger value)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        _verifyValueWrite("write number");
+        if (value == null) {
+            _writeNull();
+        } else if (_cfgNumbersAsStrings) {
+            _writeQuotedRaw(value);
+        } else {
+            writeRaw(value.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    
+    @Override
+    public void writeNumber(double d)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        if (_cfgNumbersAsStrings ||
+            // [JACKSON-139]
+            (((Double.isNaN(d) || Double.isInfinite(d))
+                && isEnabled(Feature.QUOTE_NON_NUMERIC_NUMBERS)))) {
+            writeString(String.valueOf(d));
+            return;
+        }
+        // What is the max length for doubles? 40 chars?
+        _verifyValueWrite("write number");
+        writeRaw(String.valueOf(d));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeNumber(float f)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        if (_cfgNumbersAsStrings ||
+            // [JACKSON-139]
+            (((Float.isNaN(f) || Float.isInfinite(f))
+                && isEnabled(Feature.QUOTE_NON_NUMERIC_NUMBERS)))) {
+            writeString(String.valueOf(f));
+            return;
+        }
+        // What is the max length for floats?
+        _verifyValueWrite("write number");
+        writeRaw(String.valueOf(f));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeNumber(BigDecimal value)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        // Don't really know max length for big decimal, no point checking
+        _verifyValueWrite("write number");
+        if (value == null) {
+            _writeNull();
+        } else if (_cfgNumbersAsStrings) {
+            _writeQuotedRaw(value);
+        } else {
+            writeRaw(value.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeNumber(String encodedValue)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        _verifyValueWrite("write number");
+        if (_cfgNumbersAsStrings) {
+            _writeQuotedRaw(encodedValue);            
+        } else {
+            writeRaw(encodedValue);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final void _writeQuotedRaw(Object value) throws IOException
+    {
+        if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+        }
+        _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+        writeRaw(value.toString());
+        if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+        }
+        _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '"';
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public void writeBoolean(boolean state)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        _verifyValueWrite("write boolean value");
+        if ((_outputTail + 5) >= _outputEnd) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+        }
+        int ptr = _outputTail;
+        char[] buf = _outputBuffer;
+        if (state) {
+            buf[ptr] = 't';
+            buf[++ptr] = 'r';
+            buf[++ptr] = 'u';
+            buf[++ptr] = 'e';
+        } else {
+            buf[ptr] = 'f';
+            buf[++ptr] = 'a';
+            buf[++ptr] = 'l';
+            buf[++ptr] = 's';
+            buf[++ptr] = 'e';
+        }
+        _outputTail = ptr+1;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeNull()
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        _verifyValueWrite("write null value");
+        _writeNull();
+    }
+
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Implementations for other methods
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+
+    @Override
+    protected final void _verifyValueWrite(String typeMsg)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        int status = _writeContext.writeValue();
+        if (status == JsonWriteContext.STATUS_EXPECT_NAME) {
+            _reportError("Can not "+typeMsg+", expecting field name");
+        }
+        if (_cfgPrettyPrinter == null) {
+            char c;
+            switch (status) {
+            case JsonWriteContext.STATUS_OK_AFTER_COMMA:
+                c = ',';
+                break;
+            case JsonWriteContext.STATUS_OK_AFTER_COLON:
+                c = ':';
+                break;
+            case JsonWriteContext.STATUS_OK_AFTER_SPACE:
+                c = ' ';
+                break;
+            case JsonWriteContext.STATUS_OK_AS_IS:
+            default:
+                return;
+            }
+            if (_outputTail >= _outputEnd) {
+                _flushBuffer();
+            }
+            _outputBuffer[_outputTail] = c;
+            ++_outputTail;
+            return;
+        }
+        // Otherwise, pretty printer knows what to do...
+        _verifyPrettyValueWrite(typeMsg, status);
+    }
+
+    protected final void _verifyPrettyValueWrite(String typeMsg, int status)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        // If we have a pretty printer, it knows what to do:
+        switch (status) {
+        case JsonWriteContext.STATUS_OK_AFTER_COMMA: // array
+            _cfgPrettyPrinter.writeArrayValueSeparator(this);
+            break;
+        case JsonWriteContext.STATUS_OK_AFTER_COLON:
+            _cfgPrettyPrinter.writeObjectFieldValueSeparator(this);
+            break;
+        case JsonWriteContext.STATUS_OK_AFTER_SPACE:
+            _cfgPrettyPrinter.writeRootValueSeparator(this);
+            break;
+        case JsonWriteContext.STATUS_OK_AS_IS:
+            // First entry, but of which context?
+            if (_writeContext.inArray()) {
+                _cfgPrettyPrinter.beforeArrayValues(this);
+            } else if (_writeContext.inObject()) {
+                _cfgPrettyPrinter.beforeObjectEntries(this);
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            _cantHappen();
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Low-level output handling
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+
+    @Override
+    public final void flush()
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        _flushBuffer();
+        if (_writer != null) {
+            if (isEnabled(Feature.FLUSH_PASSED_TO_STREAM)) {
+                _writer.flush();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close()
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        super.close();
+
+        /* 05-Dec-2008, tatu: To add [JACKSON-27], need to close open
+         *   scopes.
+         */
+        // First: let's see that we still have buffers...
+        if (_outputBuffer != null
+            && isEnabled(Feature.AUTO_CLOSE_JSON_CONTENT)) {
+            while (true) {
+                JsonStreamContext ctxt = getOutputContext();
+                if (ctxt.inArray()) {
+                    writeEndArray();
+                } else if (ctxt.inObject()) {
+                    writeEndObject();
+                } else {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        _flushBuffer();
+
+        /* 25-Nov-2008, tatus: As per [JACKSON-16] we are not to call close()
+         *   on the underlying Reader, unless we "own" it, or auto-closing
+         *   feature is enabled.
+         *   One downside: when using UTF8Writer, underlying buffer(s)
+         *   may not be properly recycled if we don't close the writer.
+         */
+        if (_writer != null) {
+            if (_ioContext.isResourceManaged() || isEnabled(Feature.AUTO_CLOSE_TARGET)) {
+                _writer.close();
+            } else  if (isEnabled(Feature.FLUSH_PASSED_TO_STREAM)) {
+                // If we can't close it, we should at least flush
+                _writer.flush();
+            }
+        }
+        // Internal buffer(s) generator has can now be released as well
+        _releaseBuffers();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void _releaseBuffers()
+    {
+        char[] buf = _outputBuffer;
+        if (buf != null) {
+            _outputBuffer = null;
+            _ioContext.releaseConcatBuffer(buf);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Internal methods, low-level writing; text, default
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+
+    private void _writeString(String text)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        /* One check first: if String won't fit in the buffer, let's
+         * segment writes. No point in extending buffer to huge sizes
+         * (like if someone wants to include multi-megabyte base64
+         * encoded stuff or such)
+         */
+        final int len = text.length();
+        if (len > _outputEnd) { // Let's reserve space for entity at begin/end
+            _writeLongString(text);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Ok: we know String will fit in buffer ok
+        // But do we need to flush first?
+        if ((_outputTail + len) > _outputEnd) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+        }
+        text.getChars(0, len, _outputBuffer, _outputTail);
+
+        if (_characterEscapes != null) {
+            _writeStringCustom(len);
+        } else if (_maximumNonEscapedChar != 0) {
+            _writeStringASCII(len, _maximumNonEscapedChar);
+        } else {
+            _writeString2(len);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void _writeString2(final int len)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        // And then we'll need to verify need for escaping etc:
+        int end = _outputTail + len;
+        final int[] escCodes = _outputEscapes;
+        final int escLen = escCodes.length;
+
+        output_loop:
+        while (_outputTail < end) {
+            // Fast loop for chars not needing escaping
+            escape_loop:
+            while (true) {
+                char c = _outputBuffer[_outputTail];
+                if (c < escLen && escCodes[c] != 0) {
+                    break escape_loop;
+                }
+                if (++_outputTail >= end) {
+                    break output_loop;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Ok, bumped into something that needs escaping.
+            /* First things first: need to flush the buffer.
+             * Inlined, as we don't want to lose tail pointer
+             */
+            int flushLen = (_outputTail - _outputHead);
+            if (flushLen > 0) {
+                _writer.write(_outputBuffer, _outputHead, flushLen);
+            }
+            /* In any case, tail will be the new start, so hopefully
+             * we have room now.
+             */
+            char c = _outputBuffer[_outputTail++];
+            _prependOrWriteCharacterEscape(c, escCodes[c]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method called to write "long strings", strings whose length exceeds
+     * output buffer length.
+     */
+    private void _writeLongString(String text)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        // First things first: let's flush the buffer to get some more room
+        _flushBuffer();
+
+        // Then we can write 
+        final int textLen = text.length();
+        int offset = 0;
+        do {
+            int max = _outputEnd;
+            int segmentLen = ((offset + max) > textLen)
+                ? (textLen - offset) : max;
+            text.getChars(offset, offset+segmentLen, _outputBuffer, 0);
+            if (_characterEscapes != null) {
+                _writeSegmentCustom(segmentLen);
+            } else if (_maximumNonEscapedChar != 0) {
+                _writeSegmentASCII(segmentLen, _maximumNonEscapedChar);
+            } else {
+                _writeSegment(segmentLen);
+            }
+            offset += segmentLen;
+        } while (offset < textLen);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method called to output textual context which has been copied
+     * to the output buffer prior to call. If any escaping is needed,
+     * it will also be handled by the method.
+     *<p>
+     * Note: when called, textual content to write is within output
+     * buffer, right after buffered content (if any). That's why only
+     * length of that text is passed, as buffer and offset are implied.
+     */
+    private final void _writeSegment(int end)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        final int[] escCodes = _outputEscapes;
+        final int escLen = escCodes.length;
+    
+        int ptr = 0;
+        int start = ptr;
+
+        output_loop:
+        while (ptr < end) {
+            // Fast loop for chars not needing escaping
+            char c;
+            while (true) {
+                c = _outputBuffer[ptr];
+                if (c < escLen && escCodes[c] != 0) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (++ptr >= end) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Ok, bumped into something that needs escaping.
+            /* First things first: need to flush the buffer.
+             * Inlined, as we don't want to lose tail pointer
+             */
+            int flushLen = (ptr - start);
+            if (flushLen > 0) {
+                _writer.write(_outputBuffer, start, flushLen);
+                if (ptr >= end) {
+                    break output_loop;
+                }
+            }
+            ++ptr;
+            // So; either try to prepend (most likely), or write directly:
+            start = _prependOrWriteCharacterEscape(_outputBuffer, ptr, end, c, escCodes[c]);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * This method called when the string content is already in
+     * a char buffer, and need not be copied for processing.
+     */
+    private final void _writeString(char[] text, int offset, int len)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        if (_characterEscapes != null) {
+            _writeStringCustom(text, offset, len);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (_maximumNonEscapedChar != 0) {
+            _writeStringASCII(text, offset, len, _maximumNonEscapedChar);
+            return;
+        }
+        
+        /* Let's just find longest spans of non-escapable
+         * content, and for each see if it makes sense
+         * to copy them, or write through
+         */
+        len += offset; // -> len marks the end from now on
+        final int[] escCodes = _outputEscapes;
+        final int escLen = escCodes.length;
+        while (offset < len) {
+            int start = offset;
+
+            while (true) {
+                char c = text[offset];
+                if (c < escLen && escCodes[c] != 0) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (++offset >= len) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Short span? Better just copy it to buffer first:
+            int newAmount = offset - start;
+            if (newAmount < SHORT_WRITE) {
+                // Note: let's reserve room for escaped char (up to 6 chars)
+                if ((_outputTail + newAmount) > _outputEnd) {
+                    _flushBuffer();
+                }
+                if (newAmount > 0) {
+                    System.arraycopy(text, start, _outputBuffer, _outputTail, newAmount);
+                    _outputTail += newAmount;
+                }
+            } else { // Nope: better just write through
+                _flushBuffer();
+                _writer.write(text, start, newAmount);
+            }
+            // Was this the end?
+            if (offset >= len) { // yup
+                break;
+            }
+            // Nope, need to escape the char.
+            char c = text[offset++];
+            _appendCharacterEscape(c, escCodes[c]);          
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Internal methods, low-level writing, text segment
+    /* with additional escaping (ASCII or such)
+    /* (since 1.8; see [JACKSON-102])
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+
+    /* Same as "_writeString2()", except needs additional escaping
+     * for subset of characters
+     */
+    private void _writeStringASCII(final int len, final int maxNonEscaped)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        // And then we'll need to verify need for escaping etc:
+        int end = _outputTail + len;
+        final int[] escCodes = _outputEscapes;
+        final int escLimit = Math.min(escCodes.length, _maximumNonEscapedChar+1);
+        int escCode = 0;
+        
+        output_loop:
+        while (_outputTail < end) {
+            char c;
+            // Fast loop for chars not needing escaping
+            escape_loop:
+            while (true) {
+                c = _outputBuffer[_outputTail];
+                if (c < escLimit) {
+                    escCode = escCodes[c];
+                    if (escCode != 0) {
+                        break escape_loop;
+                    }
+                } else if (c > maxNonEscaped) {
+                    escCode = CharacterEscapes.ESCAPE_STANDARD;
+                    break escape_loop;
+                }
+                if (++_outputTail >= end) {
+                    break output_loop;
+                }
+            }
+            int flushLen = (_outputTail - _outputHead);
+            if (flushLen > 0) {
+                _writer.write(_outputBuffer, _outputHead, flushLen);
+            }
+            ++_outputTail;
+            _prependOrWriteCharacterEscape(c, escCode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final void _writeSegmentASCII(int end, final int maxNonEscaped)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        final int[] escCodes = _outputEscapes;
+        final int escLimit = Math.min(escCodes.length, _maximumNonEscapedChar+1);
+    
+        int ptr = 0;
+        int escCode = 0;
+        int start = ptr;
+    
+        output_loop:
+        while (ptr < end) {
+            // Fast loop for chars not needing escaping
+            char c;
+            while (true) {
+                c = _outputBuffer[ptr];
+                if (c < escLimit) {
+                    escCode = escCodes[c];
+                    if (escCode != 0) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                } else if (c > maxNonEscaped) {
+                    escCode = CharacterEscapes.ESCAPE_STANDARD;
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (++ptr >= end) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            int flushLen = (ptr - start);
+            if (flushLen > 0) {
+                _writer.write(_outputBuffer, start, flushLen);
+                if (ptr >= end) {
+                    break output_loop;
+                }
+            }
+            ++ptr;
+            start = _prependOrWriteCharacterEscape(_outputBuffer, ptr, end, c, escCode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final void _writeStringASCII(char[] text, int offset, int len,
+            final int maxNonEscaped)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        len += offset; // -> len marks the end from now on
+        final int[] escCodes = _outputEscapes;
+        final int escLimit = Math.min(escCodes.length, maxNonEscaped+1);
+
+        int escCode = 0;
+        
+        while (offset < len) {
+            int start = offset;
+            char c;
+            
+            while (true) {
+                c = text[offset];
+                if (c < escLimit) {
+                    escCode = escCodes[c];
+                    if (escCode != 0) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                } else if (c > maxNonEscaped) {
+                    escCode = CharacterEscapes.ESCAPE_STANDARD;
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (++offset >= len) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Short span? Better just copy it to buffer first:
+            int newAmount = offset - start;
+            if (newAmount < SHORT_WRITE) {
+                // Note: let's reserve room for escaped char (up to 6 chars)
+                if ((_outputTail + newAmount) > _outputEnd) {
+                    _flushBuffer();
+                }
+                if (newAmount > 0) {
+                    System.arraycopy(text, start, _outputBuffer, _outputTail, newAmount);
+                    _outputTail += newAmount;
+                }
+            } else { // Nope: better just write through
+                _flushBuffer();
+                _writer.write(text, start, newAmount);
+            }
+            // Was this the end?
+            if (offset >= len) { // yup
+                break;
+            }
+            // Nope, need to escape the char.
+            ++offset;
+            _appendCharacterEscape(c, escCode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Internal methods, low-level writing, text segment
+    /* with custom escaping (possibly coupling with ASCII limits)
+    /* (since 1.8; see [JACKSON-106])
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+
+    /* Same as "_writeString2()", except needs additional escaping
+     * for subset of characters
+     */
+    private void _writeStringCustom(final int len)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        // And then we'll need to verify need for escaping etc:
+        int end = _outputTail + len;
+        final int[] escCodes = _outputEscapes;
+        final int maxNonEscaped = (_maximumNonEscapedChar < 1) ? 0xFFFF : _maximumNonEscapedChar;
+        final int escLimit = Math.min(escCodes.length, maxNonEscaped+1);
+        int escCode = 0;
+        final CharacterEscapes customEscapes = _characterEscapes;
+
+        output_loop:
+        while (_outputTail < end) {
+            char c;
+            // Fast loop for chars not needing escaping
+            escape_loop:
+            while (true) {
+                c = _outputBuffer[_outputTail];
+                if (c < escLimit) {
+                    escCode = escCodes[c];
+                    if (escCode != 0) {
+                        break escape_loop;
+                    }
+                } else if (c > maxNonEscaped) {
+                    escCode = CharacterEscapes.ESCAPE_STANDARD;
+                    break escape_loop;
+                } else {
+                    if ((_currentEscape = customEscapes.getEscapeSequence(c)) != null) {
+                        escCode = CharacterEscapes.ESCAPE_CUSTOM;
+                        break escape_loop;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (++_outputTail >= end) {
+                    break output_loop;
+                }
+            }
+            int flushLen = (_outputTail - _outputHead);
+            if (flushLen > 0) {
+                _writer.write(_outputBuffer, _outputHead, flushLen);
+            }
+            ++_outputTail;
+            _prependOrWriteCharacterEscape(c, escCode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final void _writeSegmentCustom(int end)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        final int[] escCodes = _outputEscapes;
+        final int maxNonEscaped = (_maximumNonEscapedChar < 1) ? 0xFFFF : _maximumNonEscapedChar;
+        final int escLimit = Math.min(escCodes.length, _maximumNonEscapedChar+1);
+        final CharacterEscapes customEscapes = _characterEscapes;
+    
+        int ptr = 0;
+        int escCode = 0;
+        int start = ptr;
+    
+        output_loop:
+        while (ptr < end) {
+            // Fast loop for chars not needing escaping
+            char c;
+            while (true) {
+                c = _outputBuffer[ptr];
+                if (c < escLimit) {
+                    escCode = escCodes[c];
+                    if (escCode != 0) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                } else if (c > maxNonEscaped) {
+                    escCode = CharacterEscapes.ESCAPE_STANDARD;
+                    break;
+                } else {
+                    if ((_currentEscape = customEscapes.getEscapeSequence(c)) != null) {
+                        escCode = CharacterEscapes.ESCAPE_CUSTOM;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (++ptr >= end) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            int flushLen = (ptr - start);
+            if (flushLen > 0) {
+                _writer.write(_outputBuffer, start, flushLen);
+                if (ptr >= end) {
+                    break output_loop;
+                }
+            }
+            ++ptr;
+            start = _prependOrWriteCharacterEscape(_outputBuffer, ptr, end, c, escCode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final void _writeStringCustom(char[] text, int offset, int len)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        len += offset; // -> len marks the end from now on
+        final int[] escCodes = _outputEscapes;
+        final int maxNonEscaped = (_maximumNonEscapedChar < 1) ? 0xFFFF : _maximumNonEscapedChar;
+        final int escLimit = Math.min(escCodes.length, maxNonEscaped+1);
+        final CharacterEscapes customEscapes = _characterEscapes;
+
+        int escCode = 0;
+        
+        while (offset < len) {
+            int start = offset;
+            char c;
+            
+            while (true) {
+                c = text[offset];
+                if (c < escLimit) {
+                    escCode = escCodes[c];
+                    if (escCode != 0) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                } else if (c > maxNonEscaped) {
+                    escCode = CharacterEscapes.ESCAPE_STANDARD;
+                    break;
+                } else {
+                    if ((_currentEscape = customEscapes.getEscapeSequence(c)) != null) {
+                        escCode = CharacterEscapes.ESCAPE_CUSTOM;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (++offset >= len) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+    
+            // Short span? Better just copy it to buffer first:
+            int newAmount = offset - start;
+            if (newAmount < SHORT_WRITE) {
+                // Note: let's reserve room for escaped char (up to 6 chars)
+                if ((_outputTail + newAmount) > _outputEnd) {
+                    _flushBuffer();
+                }
+                if (newAmount > 0) {
+                    System.arraycopy(text, start, _outputBuffer, _outputTail, newAmount);
+                    _outputTail += newAmount;
+                }
+            } else { // Nope: better just write through
+                _flushBuffer();
+                _writer.write(text, start, newAmount);
+            }
+            // Was this the end?
+            if (offset >= len) { // yup
+                break;
+            }
+            // Nope, need to escape the char.
+            ++offset;
+            _appendCharacterEscape(c, escCode);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Internal methods, low-level writing; binary
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+    
+    protected void _writeBinary(Base64Variant b64variant, byte[] input, int inputPtr, final int inputEnd)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        // Encoding is by chunks of 3 input, 4 output chars, so:
+        int safeInputEnd = inputEnd - 3;
+        // Let's also reserve room for possible (and quoted) lf char each round
+        int safeOutputEnd = _outputEnd - 6;
+        int chunksBeforeLF = b64variant.getMaxLineLength() >> 2;
+
+        // Ok, first we loop through all full triplets of data:
+        while (inputPtr <= safeInputEnd) {
+            if (_outputTail > safeOutputEnd) { // need to flush
+                _flushBuffer();
+            }
+            // First, mash 3 bytes into lsb of 32-bit int
+            int b24 = ((int) input[inputPtr++]) << 8;
+            b24 |= ((int) input[inputPtr++]) & 0xFF;
+            b24 = (b24 << 8) | (((int) input[inputPtr++]) & 0xFF);
+            _outputTail = b64variant.encodeBase64Chunk(b24, _outputBuffer, _outputTail);
+            if (--chunksBeforeLF <= 0) {
+                // note: must quote in JSON value
+                _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '\\';
+                _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = 'n';
+                chunksBeforeLF = b64variant.getMaxLineLength() >> 2;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // And then we may have 1 or 2 leftover bytes to encode
+        int inputLeft = inputEnd - inputPtr; // 0, 1 or 2
+        if (inputLeft > 0) { // yes, but do we have room for output?
+            if (_outputTail > safeOutputEnd) { // don't really need 6 bytes but...
+                _flushBuffer();
+            }
+            int b24 = ((int) input[inputPtr++]) << 16;
+            if (inputLeft == 2) {
+                b24 |= (((int) input[inputPtr++]) & 0xFF) << 8;
+            }
+            _outputTail = b64variant.encodeBase64Partial(b24, inputLeft, _outputBuffer, _outputTail);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Internal methods, low-level writing, other
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+    
+    private final void _writeNull() throws IOException
+    {
+        if ((_outputTail + 4) >= _outputEnd) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+        }
+        int ptr = _outputTail;
+        char[] buf = _outputBuffer;
+        buf[ptr] = 'n';
+        buf[++ptr] = 'u';
+        buf[++ptr] = 'l';
+        buf[++ptr] = 'l';
+        _outputTail = ptr+1;
+    }
+        
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Internal methods, low-level writing, escapes
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * Method called to try to either prepend character escape at front of
+     * given buffer; or if not possible, to write it out directly.
+     * Uses head and tail pointers (and updates as necessary)
+     */
+    private final void _prependOrWriteCharacterEscape(char ch, int escCode)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        if (escCode >= 0) { // \\N (2 char)
+            if (_outputTail >= 2) { // fits, just prepend
+                int ptr = _outputTail - 2;
+                _outputHead = ptr;
+                _outputBuffer[ptr++] = '\\';
+                _outputBuffer[ptr] = (char) escCode;
+                return;
+            }
+            // won't fit, write
+            char[] buf = _entityBuffer;
+            if (buf == null) {
+                buf = _allocateEntityBuffer();
+            }
+            _outputHead = _outputTail;
+            buf[1] = (char) escCode;
+            _writer.write(buf, 0, 2);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (escCode != CharacterEscapes.ESCAPE_CUSTOM) { // std, \\uXXXX
+            if (_outputTail >= 6) { // fits, prepend to buffer
+                char[] buf = _outputBuffer;
+                int ptr = _outputTail - 6;
+                _outputHead = ptr;
+                buf[ptr] = '\\';
+                buf[++ptr] = 'u';
+                // We know it's a control char, so only the last 2 chars are non-0
+                if (ch > 0xFF) { // beyond 8 bytes
+                    int hi = (ch >> 8) & 0xFF;
+                    buf[++ptr] = HEX_CHARS[hi >> 4];
+                    buf[++ptr] = HEX_CHARS[hi & 0xF];
+                    ch &= 0xFF;
+                } else {
+                    buf[++ptr] = '0';
+                    buf[++ptr] = '0';
+                }
+                buf[++ptr] = HEX_CHARS[ch >> 4];
+                buf[++ptr] = HEX_CHARS[ch & 0xF];
+                return;
+            }
+            // won't fit, flush and write
+            char[] buf = _entityBuffer;
+            if (buf == null) {
+                buf = _allocateEntityBuffer();
+            }
+            _outputHead = _outputTail;
+            if (ch > 0xFF) { // beyond 8 bytes
+                int hi = (ch >> 8) & 0xFF;
+                int lo = ch & 0xFF;
+                buf[10] = HEX_CHARS[hi >> 4];
+                buf[11] = HEX_CHARS[hi & 0xF];
+                buf[12] = HEX_CHARS[lo >> 4];
+                buf[13] = HEX_CHARS[lo & 0xF];
+                _writer.write(buf, 8, 6);
+            } else { // We know it's a control char, so only the last 2 chars are non-0
+                buf[6] = HEX_CHARS[ch >> 4];
+                buf[7] = HEX_CHARS[ch & 0xF];
+                _writer.write(buf, 2, 6);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        String escape;
+
+        if (_currentEscape == null) {
+            escape = _characterEscapes.getEscapeSequence(ch).getValue();
+        } else {
+            escape = _currentEscape.getValue();
+            _currentEscape = null;
+        }
+        int len = escape.length();
+        if (_outputTail >= len) { // fits in, prepend
+            int ptr = _outputTail - len;
+            _outputHead = ptr;
+            escape.getChars(0, len, _outputBuffer, ptr);
+            return;
+        }
+        // won't fit, write separately
+        _outputHead = _outputTail;
+        _writer.write(escape);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method called to try to either prepend character escape at front of
+     * given buffer; or if not possible, to write it out directly.
+     * 
+     * @return Pointer to start of prepended entity (if prepended); or 'ptr'
+     *   if not.
+     */
+    private final int _prependOrWriteCharacterEscape(char[] buffer, int ptr, int end,
+            char ch, int escCode)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        if (escCode >= 0) { // \\N (2 char)
+            if (ptr > 1 && ptr < end) { // fits, just prepend
+                ptr -= 2;
+                buffer[ptr] = '\\';
+                buffer[ptr+1] = (char) escCode;
+            } else { // won't fit, write
+                char[] ent = _entityBuffer;
+                if (ent == null) {
+                    ent = _allocateEntityBuffer();
+                }
+                ent[1] = (char) escCode;
+                _writer.write(ent, 0, 2);
+            }
+            return ptr;
+        }
+        if (escCode != CharacterEscapes.ESCAPE_CUSTOM) { // std, \\uXXXX
+            if (ptr > 5 && ptr < end) { // fits, prepend to buffer
+                ptr -= 6;
+                buffer[ptr++] = '\\';
+                buffer[ptr++] = 'u';
+                // We know it's a control char, so only the last 2 chars are non-0
+                if (ch > 0xFF) { // beyond 8 bytes
+                    int hi = (ch >> 8) & 0xFF;
+                    buffer[ptr++] = HEX_CHARS[hi >> 4];
+                    buffer[ptr++] = HEX_CHARS[hi & 0xF];
+                    ch &= 0xFF;
+                } else {
+                    buffer[ptr++] = '0';
+                    buffer[ptr++] = '0';
+                }
+                buffer[ptr++] = HEX_CHARS[ch >> 4];
+                buffer[ptr] = HEX_CHARS[ch & 0xF];
+                ptr -= 5;
+            } else {
+                // won't fit, flush and write
+                char[] ent = _entityBuffer;
+                if (ent == null) {
+                    ent = _allocateEntityBuffer();
+                }
+                _outputHead = _outputTail;
+                if (ch > 0xFF) { // beyond 8 bytes
+                    int hi = (ch >> 8) & 0xFF;
+                    int lo = ch & 0xFF;
+                    ent[10] = HEX_CHARS[hi >> 4];
+                    ent[11] = HEX_CHARS[hi & 0xF];
+                    ent[12] = HEX_CHARS[lo >> 4];
+                    ent[13] = HEX_CHARS[lo & 0xF];
+                    _writer.write(ent, 8, 6);
+                } else { // We know it's a control char, so only the last 2 chars are non-0
+                    ent[6] = HEX_CHARS[ch >> 4];
+                    ent[7] = HEX_CHARS[ch & 0xF];
+                    _writer.write(ent, 2, 6);
+                }
+            }
+            return ptr;
+        }
+        String escape;
+        if (_currentEscape == null) {
+            escape = _characterEscapes.getEscapeSequence(ch).getValue();
+        } else {
+            escape = _currentEscape.getValue();
+            _currentEscape = null;
+        }
+        int len = escape.length();
+        if (ptr >= len && ptr < end) { // fits in, prepend
+            ptr -= len;
+            escape.getChars(0, len, buffer, ptr);
+        } else { // won't fit, write separately
+            _writer.write(escape);
+        }
+        return ptr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method called to append escape sequence for given character, at the
+     * end of standard output buffer; or if not possible, write out directly.
+     */
+    private final void _appendCharacterEscape(char ch, int escCode)
+        throws IOException, JsonGenerationException
+    {
+        if (escCode >= 0) { // \\N (2 char)
+            if ((_outputTail + 2) > _outputEnd) {
+                _flushBuffer();
+            }
+            _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = '\\';
+            _outputBuffer[_outputTail++] = (char) escCode;
+            return;
+        }
+        if (escCode != CharacterEscapes.ESCAPE_CUSTOM) { // std, \\uXXXX
+            if ((_outputTail + 2) > _outputEnd) {
+                _flushBuffer();
+            }
+            int ptr = _outputTail;
+            char[] buf = _outputBuffer;
+            buf[ptr++] = '\\';
+            buf[ptr++] = 'u';
+            // We know it's a control char, so only the last 2 chars are non-0
+            if (ch > 0xFF) { // beyond 8 bytes
+                int hi = (ch >> 8) & 0xFF;
+                buf[ptr++] = HEX_CHARS[hi >> 4];
+                buf[ptr++] = HEX_CHARS[hi & 0xF];
+                ch &= 0xFF;
+            } else {
+                buf[ptr++] = '0';
+                buf[ptr++] = '0';
+            }
+            buf[ptr++] = HEX_CHARS[ch >> 4];
+            buf[ptr] = HEX_CHARS[ch & 0xF];
+            _outputTail = ptr;
+            return;
+        }
+        String escape;
+        if (_currentEscape == null) {
+            escape = _characterEscapes.getEscapeSequence(ch).getValue();
+        } else {
+            escape = _currentEscape.getValue();
+            _currentEscape = null;
+        }
+        int len = escape.length();
+        if ((_outputTail + len) > _outputEnd) {
+            _flushBuffer();
+            if (len > _outputEnd) { // very very long escape; unlikely but theoretically possible
+                _writer.write(escape);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        escape.getChars(0, len, _outputBuffer, _outputTail);
+        _outputTail += len;
+    }
+    
+    private char[] _allocateEntityBuffer()
+    {
+        char[] buf = new char[14];
+        // first 2 chars, non-numeric escapes (like \n)
+        buf[0] = '\\';
+        // next 6; 8-bit escapes (control chars mostly)
+        buf[2] = '\\';
+        buf[3] = 'u';
+        buf[4] = '0';
+        buf[5] = '0';
+        // last 6, beyond 8 bits
+        buf[8] = '\\';
+        buf[9] = 'u';
+        _entityBuffer = buf;
+        return buf;
+    }
+    
+    protected final void _flushBuffer() throws IOException
+    {
+        int len = _outputTail - _outputHead;
+        if (len > 0) {
+            int offset = _outputHead;
+            _outputTail = _outputHead = 0;
+            _writer.write(_outputBuffer, offset, len);
+        }
+    }
+}