bolt 0.24.0 → 0.25.0

data/vendored/puppet/lib/puppet/util/windows/security.rb

@@ -1,869 +0,0 @@
-# This class maps POSIX owner, group, and modes to the Windows
-# security model, and back.
-#
-# The primary goal of this mapping is to ensure that owner, group, and
-# modes can be round-tripped in a consistent and deterministic
-# way. Otherwise, Puppet might think file resources are out-of-sync
-# every time it runs. A secondary goal is to provide equivalent
-# permissions for common use-cases. For example, setting the owner to
-# "Administrators", group to "Users", and mode to 750 (which also
-# denies access to everyone else.
-#
-# There are some well-known problems mapping windows and POSIX
-# permissions due to differences between the two security
-# models. Search for "POSIX permission mapping leak". In POSIX, access
-# to a file is determined solely based on the most specific class
-# (user, group, other). So a mode of 460 would deny write access to
-# the owner even if they are a member of the group. But in Windows,
-# the entire access control list is walked until the user is
-# explicitly denied or allowed (denied take precedence, and if neither
-# occurs they are denied). As a result, a user could be allowed access
-# based on their group membership. To solve this problem, other people
-# have used deny access control entries to more closely model POSIX,
-# but this introduces a lot of complexity.
-#
-# In general, this implementation only supports "typical" permissions,
-# where group permissions are a subset of user, and other permissions
-# are a subset of group, e.g. 754, but not 467.  However, there are
-# some Windows quirks to be aware of.
-#
-# * The owner can be either a user or group SID, and most system files
-#   are owned by the Administrators group.
-# * The group can be either a user or group SID.
-# * Unexpected results can occur if the owner and group are the
-#   same, but the user and group classes are different, e.g. 750. In
-#   this case, it is not possible to allow write access to the owner,
-#   but not the group. As a result, the actual permissions set on the
-#   file would be 770.
-# * In general, only privileged users can set the owner, group, or
-#   change the mode for files they do not own. In 2003, the user must
-#   be a member of the Administrators group. In Vista/2008, the user
-#   must be running with elevated privileges.
-# * A file/dir can be deleted by anyone with the DELETE access right
-#   OR by anyone that has the FILE_DELETE_CHILD access right for the
-#   parent. See https://support.microsoft.com/kb/238018. But on Unix,
-#   the user must have write access to the file/dir AND execute access
-#   to all of the parent path components.
-# * Many access control entries are inherited from parent directories,
-#   and it is common for file/dirs to have more than 3 entries,
-#   e.g. Users, Power Users, Administrators, SYSTEM, etc, which cannot
-#   be mapped into the 3 class POSIX model. The get_mode method will
-#   set the S_IEXTRA bit flag indicating that an access control entry
-#   was found whose SID is neither the owner, group, or other. This
-#   enables Puppet to detect when file/dirs are out-of-sync,
-#   especially those that Puppet did not create, but is attempting
-#   to manage.
-# * A special case of this is S_ISYSTEM_MISSING, which is set when the
-#   SYSTEM permissions are *not* present on the DACL.
-# * On Unix, the owner and group can be modified without changing the
-#   mode. But on Windows, an access control entry specifies which SID
-#   it applies to. As a result, the set_owner and set_group methods
-#   automatically rebuild the access control list based on the new
-#   (and different) owner or group.
-
-require 'puppet/util/windows'
-require 'pathname'
-require 'ffi'
-
-module Puppet::Util::Windows::Security
-  include Puppet::Util::Windows::String
-
-  extend Puppet::Util::Windows::Security
-  extend FFI::Library
-
-  # file modes
-  S_IRUSR = 0000400
-  S_IRGRP = 0000040
-  S_IROTH = 0000004
-  S_IWUSR = 0000200
-  S_IWGRP = 0000020
-  S_IWOTH = 0000002
-  S_IXUSR = 0000100
-  S_IXGRP = 0000010
-  S_IXOTH = 0000001
-  S_IRWXU = 0000700
-  S_IRWXG = 0000070
-  S_IRWXO = 0000007
-  S_ISVTX = 0001000
-  S_IEXTRA = 02000000  # represents an extra ace
-  S_ISYSTEM_MISSING = 04000000
-
-  # constants that are missing from Windows::Security
-  PROTECTED_DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION   = 0x80000000
-  UNPROTECTED_DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION = 0x20000000
-  NO_INHERITANCE = 0x0
-  SE_DACL_PROTECTED = 0x1000
-
-  FILE = Puppet::Util::Windows::File
-
-  SE_BACKUP_NAME              = 'SeBackupPrivilege'
-  SE_RESTORE_NAME             = 'SeRestorePrivilege'
-
-  DELETE                      = 0x00010000
-  READ_CONTROL                = 0x20000
-  WRITE_DAC                   = 0x40000
-  WRITE_OWNER                 = 0x80000
-
-  OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION  = 1
-  GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION  = 2
-  DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION   = 4
-
-  # Set the owner of the object referenced by +path+ to the specified
-  # +owner_sid+.  The owner sid should be of the form "S-1-5-32-544"
-  # and can either be a user or group.  Only a user with the
-  # SE_RESTORE_NAME privilege in their process token can overwrite the
-  # object's owner to something other than the current user.
-  def set_owner(owner_sid, path)
-    sd = get_security_descriptor(path)
-
-    if owner_sid != sd.owner
-      sd.owner = owner_sid
-      set_security_descriptor(path, sd)
-    end
-  end
-
-  # Get the owner of the object referenced by +path+.  The returned
-  # value is a SID string, e.g. "S-1-5-32-544".  Any user with read
-  # access to an object can get the owner. Only a user with the
-  # SE_BACKUP_NAME privilege in their process token can get the owner
-  # for objects they do not have read access to.
-  def get_owner(path)
-    return unless supports_acl?(path)
-
-    get_security_descriptor(path).owner
-  end
-
-  # Set the owner of the object referenced by +path+ to the specified
-  # +group_sid+.  The group sid should be of the form "S-1-5-32-544"
-  # and can either be a user or group.  Any user with WRITE_OWNER
-  # access to the object can change the group (regardless of whether
-  # the current user belongs to that group or not).
-  def set_group(group_sid, path)
-    sd = get_security_descriptor(path)
-
-    if group_sid != sd.group
-      sd.group = group_sid
-      set_security_descriptor(path, sd)
-    end
-  end
-
-  # Get the group of the object referenced by +path+.  The returned
-  # value is a SID string, e.g. "S-1-5-32-544".  Any user with read
-  # access to an object can get the group. Only a user with the
-  # SE_BACKUP_NAME privilege in their process token can get the group
-  # for objects they do not have read access to.
-  def get_group(path)
-    return unless supports_acl?(path)
-
-    get_security_descriptor(path).group
-  end
-
-  FILE_PERSISTENT_ACLS           = 0x00000008
-
-  def supports_acl?(path)
-    supported = false
-    root = Pathname.new(path).enum_for(:ascend).to_a.last.to_s
-    # 'A trailing backslash is required'
-    root = "#{root}\\" unless root =~ /[\/\\]$/
-
-    FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:pointer, 1) do |flags_ptr|
-      if GetVolumeInformationW(wide_string(root), FFI::Pointer::NULL, 0,
-          FFI::Pointer::NULL, FFI::Pointer::NULL,
-          flags_ptr, FFI::Pointer::NULL, 0) == FFI::WIN32_FALSE
-        raise Puppet::Util::Windows::Error.new(_("Failed to get volume information"))
-      end
-      supported = flags_ptr.read_dword & FILE_PERSISTENT_ACLS == FILE_PERSISTENT_ACLS
-    end
-
-    supported
-  end
-
-  MASK_TO_MODE = {
-    FILE::FILE_GENERIC_READ => S_IROTH,
-    FILE::FILE_GENERIC_WRITE => S_IWOTH,
-    (FILE::FILE_GENERIC_EXECUTE & ~FILE::FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES) => S_IXOTH
-  }
-
-  def get_aces_for_path_by_sid(path, sid)
-    get_security_descriptor(path).dacl.select { |ace| ace.sid == sid }
-  end
-
-  # Get the mode of the object referenced by +path+.  The returned
-  # integer value represents the POSIX-style read, write, and execute
-  # modes for the user, group, and other classes, e.g. 0640.  Any user
-  # with read access to an object can get the mode. Only a user with
-  # the SE_BACKUP_NAME privilege in their process token can get the
-  # mode for objects they do not have read access to.
-  def get_mode(path)
-    return unless supports_acl?(path)
-
-    well_known_world_sid = Puppet::Util::Windows::SID::Everyone
-    well_known_nobody_sid = Puppet::Util::Windows::SID::Nobody
-    well_known_system_sid = Puppet::Util::Windows::SID::LocalSystem
-
-    mode = S_ISYSTEM_MISSING
-
-    sd = get_security_descriptor(path)
-    sd.dacl.each do |ace|
-      next if ace.inherit_only?
-
-      case ace.sid
-      when sd.owner
-        MASK_TO_MODE.each_pair do |k,v|
-          if (ace.mask & k) == k
-            mode |= (v << 6)
-          end
-        end
-      when sd.group
-        MASK_TO_MODE.each_pair do |k,v|
-          if (ace.mask & k) == k
-            mode |= (v << 3)
-          end
-        end
-      when well_known_world_sid
-        MASK_TO_MODE.each_pair do |k,v|
-          if (ace.mask & k) == k
-            mode |= (v << 6) | (v << 3) | v
-          end
-        end
-        if File.directory?(path) &&
-          (ace.mask & (FILE::FILE_WRITE_DATA | FILE::FILE_EXECUTE | FILE::FILE_DELETE_CHILD)) == (FILE::FILE_WRITE_DATA | FILE::FILE_EXECUTE)
-          mode |= S_ISVTX;
-        end
-      when well_known_nobody_sid
-        if (ace.mask & FILE::FILE_APPEND_DATA).nonzero?
-          mode |= S_ISVTX
-        end
-      when well_known_system_sid
-      else
-        #puts "Warning, unable to map SID into POSIX mode: #{ace.sid}"
-        mode |= S_IEXTRA
-      end
-
-      if ace.sid == well_known_system_sid
-        mode &= ~S_ISYSTEM_MISSING
-      end
-
-      # if owner and group the same, then user and group modes are the OR of both
-      if sd.owner == sd.group
-        mode |= ((mode & S_IRWXG) << 3) | ((mode & S_IRWXU) >> 3)
-        #puts "owner: #{sd.group}, 0x#{ace.mask.to_s(16)}, #{mode.to_s(8)}"
-      end
-    end
-
-    #puts "get_mode: #{mode.to_s(8)}"
-    mode
-  end
-
-  MODE_TO_MASK = {
-    S_IROTH => FILE::FILE_GENERIC_READ,
-    S_IWOTH => FILE::FILE_GENERIC_WRITE,
-    S_IXOTH => (FILE::FILE_GENERIC_EXECUTE & ~FILE::FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES),
-  }
-
-  # Set the mode of the object referenced by +path+ to the specified
-  # +mode+. The mode should be specified as POSIX-style read, write,
-  # and execute modes for the user, group, and other classes,
-  # e.g. 0640. The sticky bit, S_ISVTX, is supported, but is only
-  # meaningful for directories. If set, group and others are not
-  # allowed to delete child objects for which they are not the owner.
-  # By default, the DACL is set to protected, meaning it does not
-  # inherit access control entries from parent objects. This can be
-  # changed by setting +protected+ to false. The owner of the object
-  # (with READ_CONTROL and WRITE_DACL access) can always change the
-  # mode. Only a user with the SE_BACKUP_NAME and SE_RESTORE_NAME
-  # privileges in their process token can change the mode for objects
-  # that they do not have read and write access to.
-  def set_mode(mode, path, protected = true)
-    sd = get_security_descriptor(path)
-    well_known_world_sid = Puppet::Util::Windows::SID::Everyone
-    well_known_nobody_sid = Puppet::Util::Windows::SID::Nobody
-    well_known_system_sid = Puppet::Util::Windows::SID::LocalSystem
-
-    owner_allow = FILE::STANDARD_RIGHTS_ALL  |
-      FILE::FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES |
-      FILE::FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES
-    # this prevents a mode that is not 7 from taking ownership of a file based
-    # on group membership and rewriting it / making it executable
-    group_allow = FILE::STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ |
-      FILE::FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES |
-      FILE::SYNCHRONIZE
-    other_allow = FILE::STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ |
-      FILE::FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES |
-      FILE::SYNCHRONIZE
-    nobody_allow = 0
-    system_allow = 0
-
-    MODE_TO_MASK.each do |k,v|
-      if ((mode >> 6) & k) == k
-        owner_allow |= v
-      end
-      if ((mode >> 3) & k) == k
-        group_allow |= v
-      end
-      if (mode & k) == k
-        other_allow |= v
-      end
-    end
-
-    # With a mode value of '7' for group / other, the value must then include
-    # additional perms beyond STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ to allow DACL modification
-    if ((mode & S_IRWXG) == S_IRWXG)
-      group_allow |= FILE::DELETE | FILE::WRITE_DAC | FILE::WRITE_OWNER
-    end
-    if ((mode & S_IRWXO) == S_IRWXO)
-      other_allow |= FILE::DELETE | FILE::WRITE_DAC | FILE::WRITE_OWNER
-    end
-
-    if (mode & S_ISVTX).nonzero?
-      nobody_allow |= FILE::FILE_APPEND_DATA;
-    end
-
-    # caller is NOT managing SYSTEM by using group or owner, so set to FULL
-    if ! [sd.owner, sd.group].include? well_known_system_sid
-      # we don't check S_ISYSTEM_MISSING bit, but automatically carry over existing SYSTEM perms
-      # by default set SYSTEM perms to full
-      system_allow = FILE::FILE_ALL_ACCESS
-    end
-
-    # even though FILE_DELETE_CHILD only applies to directories, it can be set on files
-    # this is necessary to do to ensure a file ends up with (F) FullControl
-    if (mode & (S_IWUSR | S_IXUSR)) == (S_IWUSR | S_IXUSR)
-      owner_allow |= FILE::FILE_DELETE_CHILD
-    end
-    if (mode & (S_IWGRP | S_IXGRP)) == (S_IWGRP | S_IXGRP) && (mode & S_ISVTX) == 0
-      group_allow |= FILE::FILE_DELETE_CHILD
-    end
-    if (mode & (S_IWOTH | S_IXOTH)) == (S_IWOTH | S_IXOTH) && (mode & S_ISVTX) == 0
-      other_allow |= FILE::FILE_DELETE_CHILD
-    end
-
-    # if owner and group the same, then map group permissions to the one owner ACE
-    isownergroup = sd.owner == sd.group
-    if isownergroup
-      owner_allow |= group_allow
-    end
-
-    # if any ACE allows write, then clear readonly bit, but do this before we overwrite
-    # the DACl and lose our ability to set the attribute
-    if ((owner_allow | group_allow | other_allow ) & FILE::FILE_WRITE_DATA) == FILE::FILE_WRITE_DATA
-      FILE.remove_attributes(path, FILE::FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)
-    end
-
-    isdir = File.directory?(path)
-    dacl = Puppet::Util::Windows::AccessControlList.new
-    dacl.allow(sd.owner, owner_allow)
-    unless isownergroup
-      dacl.allow(sd.group, group_allow)
-    end
-    dacl.allow(well_known_world_sid, other_allow)
-    dacl.allow(well_known_nobody_sid, nobody_allow)
-
-    # TODO: system should be first?
-    flags = !isdir ? 0 :
-      Puppet::Util::Windows::AccessControlEntry::CONTAINER_INHERIT_ACE |
-      Puppet::Util::Windows::AccessControlEntry::OBJECT_INHERIT_ACE
-    dacl.allow(well_known_system_sid, system_allow, flags)
-
-    # add inherit-only aces for child dirs and files that are created within the dir
-    inherit_only = Puppet::Util::Windows::AccessControlEntry::INHERIT_ONLY_ACE
-    if isdir
-      inherit = inherit_only | Puppet::Util::Windows::AccessControlEntry::CONTAINER_INHERIT_ACE
-      dacl.allow(Puppet::Util::Windows::SID::CreatorOwner, owner_allow, inherit)
-      dacl.allow(Puppet::Util::Windows::SID::CreatorGroup, group_allow, inherit)
-
-      inherit = inherit_only | Puppet::Util::Windows::AccessControlEntry::OBJECT_INHERIT_ACE
-      # allow any previously set bits *except* for these
-      perms_to_strip = ~(FILE::FILE_EXECUTE + FILE::WRITE_OWNER + FILE::WRITE_DAC)
-      dacl.allow(Puppet::Util::Windows::SID::CreatorOwner, owner_allow & perms_to_strip, inherit)
-      dacl.allow(Puppet::Util::Windows::SID::CreatorGroup, group_allow & perms_to_strip, inherit)
-    end
-
-    new_sd = Puppet::Util::Windows::SecurityDescriptor.new(sd.owner, sd.group, dacl, protected)
-    set_security_descriptor(path, new_sd)
-
-    nil
-  end
-
-  ACL_REVISION                   = 2
-
-  def add_access_allowed_ace(acl, mask, sid, inherit = nil)
-    inherit ||= NO_INHERITANCE
-
-    Puppet::Util::Windows::SID.string_to_sid_ptr(sid) do |sid_ptr|
-      if Puppet::Util::Windows::SID.IsValidSid(sid_ptr) == FFI::WIN32_FALSE
-        raise Puppet::Util::Windows::Error.new(_("Invalid SID"))
-      end
-
-      if AddAccessAllowedAceEx(acl, ACL_REVISION, inherit, mask, sid_ptr) == FFI::WIN32_FALSE
-        raise Puppet::Util::Windows::Error.new(_("Failed to add access control entry"))
-      end
-    end
-
-    # ensure this method is void if it doesn't raise
-    nil
-  end
-
-  def add_access_denied_ace(acl, mask, sid, inherit = nil)
-    inherit ||= NO_INHERITANCE
-
-    Puppet::Util::Windows::SID.string_to_sid_ptr(sid) do |sid_ptr|
-      if Puppet::Util::Windows::SID.IsValidSid(sid_ptr) == FFI::WIN32_FALSE
-        raise Puppet::Util::Windows::Error.new(_("Invalid SID"))
-      end
-
-      if AddAccessDeniedAceEx(acl, ACL_REVISION, inherit, mask, sid_ptr) == FFI::WIN32_FALSE
-        raise Puppet::Util::Windows::Error.new(_("Failed to add access control entry"))
-      end
-    end
-
-    # ensure this method is void if it doesn't raise
-    nil
-  end
-
-  def parse_dacl(dacl_ptr)
-    # REMIND: need to handle NULL DACL
-    if IsValidAcl(dacl_ptr) == FFI::WIN32_FALSE
-      raise Puppet::Util::Windows::Error.new(_("Invalid DACL"))
-    end
-
-    dacl_struct = ACL.new(dacl_ptr)
-    ace_count = dacl_struct[:AceCount]
-
-    dacl = Puppet::Util::Windows::AccessControlList.new
-
-    # deny all
-    return dacl if ace_count == 0
-
-    0.upto(ace_count - 1) do |i|
-      FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:pointer, 1) do |ace_ptr|
-
-        next if GetAce(dacl_ptr, i, ace_ptr) == FFI::WIN32_FALSE
-
-        # ACE structures vary depending on the type. We are only concerned with
-        # ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE and ACCESS_DENIED_ACEs, which have the same layout
-        ace = GENERIC_ACCESS_ACE.new(ace_ptr.get_pointer(0)) #deref LPVOID *
-
-        ace_type = ace[:Header][:AceType]
-        if ace_type != Puppet::Util::Windows::AccessControlEntry::ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE_TYPE &&
-          ace_type != Puppet::Util::Windows::AccessControlEntry::ACCESS_DENIED_ACE_TYPE
-          Puppet.warning _("Unsupported access control entry type: 0x%{type}") % { type: ace_type.to_s(16) }
-          next
-        end
-
-        # using pointer addition gives the FFI::Pointer a size, but that's OK here
-        sid = Puppet::Util::Windows::SID.sid_ptr_to_string(ace.pointer + GENERIC_ACCESS_ACE.offset_of(:SidStart))
-        mask = ace[:Mask]
-        ace_flags = ace[:Header][:AceFlags]
-
-        case ace_type
-        when Puppet::Util::Windows::AccessControlEntry::ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE_TYPE
-          dacl.allow(sid, mask, ace_flags)
-        when Puppet::Util::Windows::AccessControlEntry::ACCESS_DENIED_ACE_TYPE
-          dacl.deny(sid, mask, ace_flags)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    dacl
-  end
-
-  # Open an existing file with the specified access mode, and execute a
-  # block with the opened file HANDLE.
-  def open_file(path, access, &block)
-    handle = CreateFileW(
-             wide_string(path),
-             access,
-             FILE::FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE::FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
-             FFI::Pointer::NULL, # security_attributes
-             FILE::OPEN_EXISTING,
-             FILE::FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT | FILE::FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS,
-             FFI::Pointer::NULL_HANDLE) # template
-
-    if handle == Puppet::Util::Windows::File::INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
-      raise Puppet::Util::Windows::Error.new(_("Failed to open '%{path}'") % { path: path })
-    end
-
-    begin
-      yield handle
-    ensure
-      FFI::WIN32.CloseHandle(handle) if handle
-    end
-
-    # handle has already had CloseHandle called against it, nothing to return
-    nil
-  end
-
-  # Execute a block with the specified privilege enabled
-  def with_privilege(privilege, &block)
-    set_privilege(privilege, true)
-    yield
-  ensure
-    set_privilege(privilege, false)
-  end
-
-  SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED    = 0x00000002
-  TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES = 0x0020
-
-  # Enable or disable a privilege. Note this doesn't add any privileges the
-  # user doesn't already has, it just enables privileges that are disabled.
-  def set_privilege(privilege, enable)
-    return unless Puppet.features.root?
-
-    Puppet::Util::Windows::Process.with_process_token(TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES) do |token|
-      Puppet::Util::Windows::Process.lookup_privilege_value(privilege) do |luid|
-        FFI::MemoryPointer.new(Puppet::Util::Windows::Process::LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES.size) do |luid_and_attributes_ptr|
-          # allocate unmanaged memory for structs that we clean up afterwards
-          luid_and_attributes = Puppet::Util::Windows::Process::LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES.new(luid_and_attributes_ptr)
-          luid_and_attributes[:Luid] = luid
-          luid_and_attributes[:Attributes] = enable ? SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED : 0
-
-          FFI::MemoryPointer.new(Puppet::Util::Windows::Process::TOKEN_PRIVILEGES.size) do |token_privileges_ptr|
-            token_privileges = Puppet::Util::Windows::Process::TOKEN_PRIVILEGES.new(token_privileges_ptr)
-            token_privileges[:PrivilegeCount] = 1
-            token_privileges[:Privileges][0] = luid_and_attributes
-
-            # size is correct given we only have 1 LUID, otherwise would be:
-            # [:PrivilegeCount].size + [:PrivilegeCount] * LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES.size
-            if AdjustTokenPrivileges(token, FFI::WIN32_FALSE,
-                token_privileges, token_privileges.size,
-                FFI::MemoryPointer::NULL, FFI::MemoryPointer::NULL) == FFI::WIN32_FALSE
-              raise Puppet::Util::Windows::Error.new(_("Failed to adjust process privileges"))
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    # token / luid structs freed by this point, so return true as nothing raised
-    true
-  end
-
-  def get_security_descriptor(path)
-    sd = nil
-
-    with_privilege(SE_BACKUP_NAME) do
-      open_file(path, READ_CONTROL) do |handle|
-        FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:pointer, 1) do |owner_sid_ptr_ptr|
-          FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:pointer, 1) do |group_sid_ptr_ptr|
-            FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:pointer, 1) do |dacl_ptr_ptr|
-              FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:pointer, 1) do |sd_ptr_ptr|
-
-                rv = GetSecurityInfo(
-                  handle,
-                  :SE_FILE_OBJECT,
-                  OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION | GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION | DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION,
-                  owner_sid_ptr_ptr,
-                  group_sid_ptr_ptr,
-                  dacl_ptr_ptr,
-                  FFI::Pointer::NULL, #sacl
-                  sd_ptr_ptr) #sec desc
-                raise Puppet::Util::Windows::Error.new(_("Failed to get security information")) if rv != FFI::ERROR_SUCCESS
-
-                # these 2 convenience params are not freed since they point inside sd_ptr
-                owner = Puppet::Util::Windows::SID.sid_ptr_to_string(owner_sid_ptr_ptr.get_pointer(0))
-                group = Puppet::Util::Windows::SID.sid_ptr_to_string(group_sid_ptr_ptr.get_pointer(0))
-
-                FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:word, 1) do |control|
-                  FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:dword, 1) do |revision|
-                    sd_ptr_ptr.read_win32_local_pointer do |sd_ptr|
-
-                      if GetSecurityDescriptorControl(sd_ptr, control, revision) == FFI::WIN32_FALSE
-                        raise Puppet::Util::Windows::Error.new(_("Failed to get security descriptor control"))
-                      end
-
-                      protect = (control.read_word & SE_DACL_PROTECTED) == SE_DACL_PROTECTED
-                      dacl = parse_dacl(dacl_ptr_ptr.get_pointer(0))
-                      sd = Puppet::Util::Windows::SecurityDescriptor.new(owner, group, dacl, protect)
-                    end
-                  end
-                end
-              end
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    sd
-  end
-
-  def get_max_generic_acl_size(ace_count)
-    # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa378853(v=vs.85).aspx
-    # To calculate the initial size of an ACL, add the following together, and then align the result to the nearest DWORD:
-    # * Size of the ACL structure.
-    # * Size of each ACE structure that the ACL is to contain minus the SidStart member (DWORD) of the ACE.
-    # * Length of the SID that each ACE is to contain.
-    ACL.size + ace_count * MAXIMUM_GENERIC_ACE_SIZE
-  end
-
-  # setting DACL requires both READ_CONTROL and WRITE_DACL access rights,
-  # and their respective privileges, SE_BACKUP_NAME and SE_RESTORE_NAME.
-  def set_security_descriptor(path, sd)
-    FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:byte, get_max_generic_acl_size(sd.dacl.count)) do |acl_ptr|
-      if InitializeAcl(acl_ptr, acl_ptr.size, ACL_REVISION) == FFI::WIN32_FALSE
-        raise Puppet::Util::Windows::Error.new(_("Failed to initialize ACL"))
-      end
-
-      if IsValidAcl(acl_ptr) == FFI::WIN32_FALSE
-        raise Puppet::Util::Windows::Error.new(_("Invalid DACL"))
-      end
-
-      with_privilege(SE_BACKUP_NAME) do
-        with_privilege(SE_RESTORE_NAME) do
-          open_file(path, READ_CONTROL | WRITE_DAC | WRITE_OWNER) do |handle|
-            Puppet::Util::Windows::SID.string_to_sid_ptr(sd.owner) do |owner_sid_ptr|
-              Puppet::Util::Windows::SID.string_to_sid_ptr(sd.group) do |group_sid_ptr|
-                sd.dacl.each do |ace|
-                  case ace.type
-                  when Puppet::Util::Windows::AccessControlEntry::ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE_TYPE
-                    #puts "ace: allow, sid #{Puppet::Util::Windows::SID.sid_to_name(ace.sid)}, mask 0x#{ace.mask.to_s(16)}"
-                    add_access_allowed_ace(acl_ptr, ace.mask, ace.sid, ace.flags)
-                  when Puppet::Util::Windows::AccessControlEntry::ACCESS_DENIED_ACE_TYPE
-                    #puts "ace: deny, sid #{Puppet::Util::Windows::SID.sid_to_name(ace.sid)}, mask 0x#{ace.mask.to_s(16)}"
-                    add_access_denied_ace(acl_ptr, ace.mask, ace.sid, ace.flags)
-                  else
-                    raise "We should never get here"
-                    # TODO: this should have been a warning in an earlier commit
-                  end
-                end
-
-                # protected means the object does not inherit aces from its parent
-                flags = OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION | GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION | DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION
-                flags |= sd.protect ? PROTECTED_DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION : UNPROTECTED_DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION
-
-                rv = SetSecurityInfo(handle,
-                                     :SE_FILE_OBJECT,
-                                     flags,
-                                     owner_sid_ptr,
-                                     group_sid_ptr,
-                                     acl_ptr,
-                                     FFI::MemoryPointer::NULL)
-
-                if rv != FFI::ERROR_SUCCESS
-                  raise Puppet::Util::Windows::Error.new(_("Failed to set security information"))
-                end
-              end
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  ffi_convention :stdcall
-
-  # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa363858(v=vs.85).aspx
-  # HANDLE WINAPI CreateFile(
-  #   _In_      LPCTSTR lpFileName,
-  #   _In_      DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
-  #   _In_      DWORD dwShareMode,
-  #   _In_opt_  LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes,
-  #   _In_      DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
-  #   _In_      DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes,
-  #   _In_opt_  HANDLE hTemplateFile
-  # );
-  ffi_lib :kernel32
-  attach_function_private :CreateFileW,
-    [:lpcwstr, :dword, :dword, :pointer, :dword, :dword, :handle], :handle
-
-  # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa364993(v=vs.85).aspx
-  # BOOL WINAPI GetVolumeInformation(
-  #   _In_opt_   LPCTSTR lpRootPathName,
-  #   _Out_opt_  LPTSTR lpVolumeNameBuffer,
-  #   _In_       DWORD nVolumeNameSize,
-  #   _Out_opt_  LPDWORD lpVolumeSerialNumber,
-  #   _Out_opt_  LPDWORD lpMaximumComponentLength,
-  #   _Out_opt_  LPDWORD lpFileSystemFlags,
-  #   _Out_opt_  LPTSTR lpFileSystemNameBuffer,
-  #   _In_       DWORD nFileSystemNameSize
-  # );
-  ffi_lib :kernel32
-  attach_function_private :GetVolumeInformationW,
-    [:lpcwstr, :lpwstr, :dword, :lpdword, :lpdword, :lpdword, :lpwstr, :dword], :win32_bool
-
-  # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa374951(v=vs.85).aspx
-  # BOOL WINAPI AddAccessAllowedAceEx(
-  #   _Inout_  PACL pAcl,
-  #   _In_     DWORD dwAceRevision,
-  #   _In_     DWORD AceFlags,
-  #   _In_     DWORD AccessMask,
-  #   _In_     PSID pSid
-  # );
-  ffi_lib :advapi32
-  attach_function_private :AddAccessAllowedAceEx,
-    [:pointer, :dword, :dword, :dword, :pointer], :win32_bool
-
-  # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa374964(v=vs.85).aspx
-  # BOOL WINAPI AddAccessDeniedAceEx(
-  #   _Inout_  PACL pAcl,
-  #   _In_     DWORD dwAceRevision,
-  #   _In_     DWORD AceFlags,
-  #   _In_     DWORD AccessMask,
-  #   _In_     PSID pSid
-  # );
-  ffi_lib :advapi32
-  attach_function_private :AddAccessDeniedAceEx,
-    [:pointer, :dword, :dword, :dword, :pointer], :win32_bool
-
-  # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa374931(v=vs.85).aspx
-  # typedef struct _ACL {
-  #   BYTE AclRevision;
-  #   BYTE Sbz1;
-  #   WORD AclSize;
-  #   WORD AceCount;
-  #   WORD Sbz2;
-  # } ACL, *PACL;
-  class ACL < FFI::Struct
-    layout :AclRevision, :byte,
-           :Sbz1, :byte,
-           :AclSize, :word,
-           :AceCount, :word,
-           :Sbz2, :word
-  end
-
-  # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa374912(v=vs.85).aspx
-  # ACE types
-  # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa374919(v=vs.85).aspx
-  # typedef struct _ACE_HEADER {
-  #   BYTE AceType;
-  #   BYTE AceFlags;
-  #   WORD AceSize;
-  # } ACE_HEADER, *PACE_HEADER;
-  class ACE_HEADER < FFI::Struct
-    layout :AceType, :byte,
-           :AceFlags, :byte,
-           :AceSize,  :word
-  end
-
-  # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa374892(v=vs.85).aspx
-  # ACCESS_MASK
-
-  # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa374847(v=vs.85).aspx
-  # typedef struct _ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE {
-  #   ACE_HEADER  Header;
-  #   ACCESS_MASK Mask;
-  #   DWORD       SidStart;
-  # } ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE, *PACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE;
-  #
-  # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa374879(v=vs.85).aspx
-  # typedef struct _ACCESS_DENIED_ACE {
-  #   ACE_HEADER  Header;
-  #   ACCESS_MASK Mask;
-  #   DWORD       SidStart;
-  # } ACCESS_DENIED_ACE, *PACCESS_DENIED_ACE;
-  class GENERIC_ACCESS_ACE < FFI::Struct
-    # ACE structures must be aligned on DWORD boundaries. All Windows
-    # memory-management functions return DWORD-aligned handles to memory
-    pack 4
-    layout :Header, ACE_HEADER,
-           :Mask, :dword,
-           :SidStart, :dword
-  end
-
-  # https://stackoverflow.com/a/1792930
-  MAXIMUM_SID_BYTES_LENGTH = 68
-  MAXIMUM_GENERIC_ACE_SIZE = GENERIC_ACCESS_ACE.offset_of(:SidStart) +
-    MAXIMUM_SID_BYTES_LENGTH
-
-  # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa446634(v=vs.85).aspx
-  # BOOL WINAPI GetAce(
-  #   _In_   PACL pAcl,
-  #   _In_   DWORD dwAceIndex,
-  #   _Out_  LPVOID *pAce
-  # );
-  ffi_lib :advapi32
-  attach_function_private :GetAce,
-    [:pointer, :dword, :pointer], :win32_bool
-
-  # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa375202(v=vs.85).aspx
-  # BOOL WINAPI AdjustTokenPrivileges(
-  #   _In_       HANDLE TokenHandle,
-  #   _In_       BOOL DisableAllPrivileges,
-  #   _In_opt_   PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES NewState,
-  #   _In_       DWORD BufferLength,
-  #   _Out_opt_  PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES PreviousState,
-  #   _Out_opt_  PDWORD ReturnLength
-  # );
-  ffi_lib :advapi32
-  attach_function_private :AdjustTokenPrivileges,
-    [:handle, :win32_bool, :pointer, :dword, :pointer, :pdword], :win32_bool
-
-  # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/ff556610(v=vs.85).aspx
-  # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa379561(v=vs.85).aspx
-  # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa446647(v=vs.85).aspx
-  # typedef WORD SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_CONTROL, *PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_CONTROL;
-  # BOOL WINAPI GetSecurityDescriptorControl(
-  #   _In_   PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR pSecurityDescriptor,
-  #   _Out_  PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_CONTROL pControl,
-  #   _Out_  LPDWORD lpdwRevision
-  # );
-  ffi_lib :advapi32
-  attach_function_private :GetSecurityDescriptorControl,
-    [:pointer, :lpword, :lpdword], :win32_bool
-
-  # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa378853(v=vs.85).aspx
-  # BOOL WINAPI InitializeAcl(
-  #   _Out_  PACL pAcl,
-  #   _In_   DWORD nAclLength,
-  #   _In_   DWORD dwAclRevision
-  # );
-  ffi_lib :advapi32
-  attach_function_private :InitializeAcl,
-    [:pointer, :dword, :dword], :win32_bool
-
-  # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa379142(v=vs.85).aspx
-  # BOOL WINAPI IsValidAcl(
-  #   _In_  PACL pAcl
-  # );
-  ffi_lib :advapi32
-  attach_function_private :IsValidAcl,
-    [:pointer], :win32_bool
-
-  # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa379593(v=vs.85).aspx
-  SE_OBJECT_TYPE = enum(
-    :SE_UNKNOWN_OBJECT_TYPE, 0,
-    :SE_FILE_OBJECT,
-    :SE_SERVICE,
-    :SE_PRINTER,
-    :SE_REGISTRY_KEY,
-    :SE_LMSHARE,
-    :SE_KERNEL_OBJECT,
-    :SE_WINDOW_OBJECT,
-    :SE_DS_OBJECT,
-    :SE_DS_OBJECT_ALL,
-    :SE_PROVIDER_DEFINED_OBJECT,
-    :SE_WMIGUID_OBJECT,
-    :SE_REGISTRY_WOW64_32KEY
-  )
-
-  # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa446654(v=vs.85).aspx
-  # DWORD WINAPI GetSecurityInfo(
-  #   _In_       HANDLE handle,
-  #   _In_       SE_OBJECT_TYPE ObjectType,
-  #   _In_       SECURITY_INFORMATION SecurityInfo,
-  #   _Out_opt_  PSID *ppsidOwner,
-  #   _Out_opt_  PSID *ppsidGroup,
-  #   _Out_opt_  PACL *ppDacl,
-  #   _Out_opt_  PACL *ppSacl,
-  #   _Out_opt_  PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR *ppSecurityDescriptor
-  # );
-  ffi_lib :advapi32
-  attach_function_private :GetSecurityInfo,
-    [:handle, SE_OBJECT_TYPE, :dword, :pointer, :pointer, :pointer, :pointer, :pointer], :dword
-
-  # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa379588(v=vs.85).aspx
-  # DWORD WINAPI SetSecurityInfo(
-  #   _In_      HANDLE handle,
-  #   _In_      SE_OBJECT_TYPE ObjectType,
-  #   _In_      SECURITY_INFORMATION SecurityInfo,
-  #   _In_opt_  PSID psidOwner,
-  #   _In_opt_  PSID psidGroup,
-  #   _In_opt_  PACL pDacl,
-  #   _In_opt_  PACL pSacl
-  # );
-  ffi_lib :advapi32
-  # TODO: SECURITY_INFORMATION is actually a bitmask the size of a DWORD
-  attach_function_private :SetSecurityInfo,
-    [:handle, SE_OBJECT_TYPE, :dword, :pointer, :pointer, :pointer, :pointer], :dword
-end