bitcoin-ruby 0.0.6 → 0.0.7

data/lib/bitcoin/trezor/mnemonic.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+# encoding: ascii-8bit
+# port of https://github.com/trezor/python-mnemonic/blob/master/mnemonic/mnemonic.py
+
+require 'openssl'
+require 'securerandom'
+require 'digest'
+
+module Bitcoin
+  module Trezor
+
+    module Mnemonic
+      def self.to_seed(mnemonic, passphrase='')
+        OpenSSL::PKCS5.pbkdf2_hmac(mnemonic, 'mnemonic'+passphrase, 2048, 64, OpenSSL::Digest::SHA512.new).unpack("H*")[0]
+      end
+
+      def self.generate(strength_bits = 256)
+        raise ArgumentError, 'Strength should be divisible by 32, but it is not (%d)' % [strength_bits] if (strength_bits % 32) > 0
+        data = SecureRandom.random_bytes( (strength_bits / 8).floor )
+        to_mnemonic(data)
+      end
+
+      def self.wordlist
+        return @wordlist if @wordlist
+        @wordlist = WORDLIST_ENGLISH.split(/[ \n]/).map{|i| i.strip }
+        if @wordlist.size != (radix=2048)
+          raise ArgumentError, 'Wordlist should contain %d words, but it contains %d words.' % [radix, wordlist.size]
+        end
+        @wordlist
+      end
+
+      def self.to_mnemonic(data)
+        if (data.bytesize % 4) > 0
+          raise ArgumentError, 'Data length in bits should be divisible by 32, but it is not (%d bytes = %d bits).' % [data.bytesize, data.bytesize * 8]
+        end
+        b = data.unpack("B*")[0] + Digest::SHA256.digest(data).unpack("B*")[0].ljust(256, '0')[0...(data.bytesize * 8 / 32)]
+
+        (0...(b.bytesize / 11)).map{|i|
+          idx = b[ (i * 11)...((i+1) * 11) ].to_i(2)
+          wordlist[idx]
+        }.join(" ")
+      end
+
+      WORDLIST_ENGLISH = <<-TEXT
+abandon ability able about above absent absorb abstract absurd abuse access accident account accuse achieve acid acoustic acquire across act action actor actress actual adapt
+add addict address adjust admit adult advance advice aerobic affair afford afraid again age agent agree ahead aim air airport aisle alarm album alcohol alert
+alien all alley allow almost alone alpha already also alter always amateur amazing among amount amused analyst anchor ancient anger angle angry animal ankle announce
+annual another answer antenna antique anxiety any apart apology appear apple approve april arch arctic area arena argue arm armed armor army around arrange arrest
+arrive arrow art artefact artist artwork ask aspect assault asset assist assume asthma athlete atom attack attend attitude attract auction audit august aunt author auto
+autumn average avocado avoid awake aware away awesome awful awkward axis baby bachelor bacon badge bag balance balcony ball bamboo banana banner bar barely bargain
+barrel base basic basket battle beach bean beauty because become beef before begin behave behind believe below belt bench benefit best betray better between beyond
+bicycle bid bike bind biology bird birth bitter black blade blame blanket blast bleak bless blind blood blossom blouse blue blur blush board boat body
+boil bomb bone bonus book boost border boring borrow boss bottom bounce box boy bracket brain brand brass brave bread breeze brick bridge brief bright
+bring brisk broccoli broken bronze broom brother brown brush bubble buddy budget buffalo build bulb bulk bullet bundle bunker burden burger burst bus business busy
+butter buyer buzz cabbage cabin cable cactus cage cake call calm camera camp can canal cancel candy cannon canoe canvas canyon capable capital captain car
+carbon card cargo carpet carry cart case cash casino castle casual cat catalog catch category cattle caught cause caution cave ceiling celery cement census century
+cereal certain chair chalk champion change chaos chapter charge chase chat cheap check cheese chef cherry chest chicken chief child chimney choice choose chronic chuckle
+chunk churn cigar cinnamon circle citizen city civil claim clap clarify claw clay clean clerk clever click client cliff climb clinic clip clock clog close
+cloth cloud clown club clump cluster clutch coach coast coconut code coffee coil coin collect color column combine come comfort comic common company concert conduct
+confirm congress connect consider control convince cook cool copper copy coral core corn correct cost cotton couch country couple course cousin cover coyote crack cradle
+craft cram crane crash crater crawl crazy cream credit creek crew cricket crime crisp critic crop cross crouch crowd crucial cruel cruise crumble crunch crush
+cry crystal cube culture cup cupboard curious current curtain curve cushion custom cute cycle dad damage damp dance danger daring dash daughter dawn day deal
+debate debris decade december decide decline decorate decrease deer defense define defy degree delay deliver demand demise denial dentist deny depart depend deposit depth deputy
+derive describe desert design desk despair destroy detail detect develop device devote diagram dial diamond diary dice diesel diet differ digital dignity dilemma dinner dinosaur
+direct dirt disagree discover disease dish dismiss disorder display distance divert divide divorce dizzy doctor document dog doll dolphin domain donate donkey donor door dose
+double dove draft dragon drama drastic draw dream dress drift drill drink drip drive drop drum dry duck dumb dune during dust dutch duty dwarf
+dynamic eager eagle early earn earth easily east easy echo ecology economy edge edit educate effort egg eight either elbow elder electric elegant element elephant
+elevator elite else embark embody embrace emerge emotion employ empower empty enable enact end endless endorse enemy energy enforce engage engine enhance enjoy enlist enough
+enrich enroll ensure enter entire entry envelope episode equal equip era erase erode erosion error erupt escape essay essence estate eternal ethics evidence evil evoke
+evolve exact example excess exchange excite exclude excuse execute exercise exhaust exhibit exile exist exit exotic expand expect expire explain expose express extend extra eye
+eyebrow fabric face faculty fade faint faith fall false fame family famous fan fancy fantasy farm fashion fat fatal father fatigue fault favorite feature february
+federal fee feed feel female fence festival fetch fever few fiber fiction field figure file film filter final find fine finger finish fire firm first
+fiscal fish fit fitness fix flag flame flash flat flavor flee flight flip float flock floor flower fluid flush fly foam focus fog foil fold
+follow food foot force forest forget fork fortune forum forward fossil foster found fox fragile frame frequent fresh friend fringe frog front frost frown frozen
+fruit fuel fun funny furnace fury future gadget gain galaxy gallery game gap garage garbage garden garlic garment gas gasp gate gather gauge gaze general
+genius genre gentle genuine gesture ghost giant gift giggle ginger giraffe girl give glad glance glare glass glide glimpse globe gloom glory glove glow glue
+goat goddess gold good goose gorilla gospel gossip govern gown grab grace grain grant grape grass gravity great green grid grief grit grocery group grow
+grunt guard guess guide guilt guitar gun gym habit hair half hammer hamster hand happy harbor hard harsh harvest hat have hawk hazard head health
+heart heavy hedgehog height hello helmet help hen hero hidden high hill hint hip hire history hobby hockey hold hole holiday hollow home honey hood
+hope horn horror horse hospital host hotel hour hover hub huge human humble humor hundred hungry hunt hurdle hurry hurt husband hybrid ice icon idea
+identify idle ignore ill illegal illness image imitate immense immune impact impose improve impulse inch include income increase index indicate indoor industry infant inflict inform
+inhale inherit initial inject injury inmate inner innocent input inquiry insane insect inside inspire install intact interest into invest invite involve iron island isolate issue
+item ivory jacket jaguar jar jazz jealous jeans jelly jewel job join joke journey joy judge juice jump jungle junior junk just kangaroo keen keep
+ketchup key kick kid kidney kind kingdom kiss kit kitchen kite kitten kiwi knee knife knock know lab label labor ladder lady lake lamp language
+laptop large later latin laugh laundry lava law lawn lawsuit layer lazy leader leaf learn leave lecture left leg legal legend leisure lemon lend length
+lens leopard lesson letter level liar liberty library license life lift light like limb limit link lion liquid list little live lizard load loan lobster
+local lock logic lonely long loop lottery loud lounge love loyal lucky luggage lumber lunar lunch luxury lyrics machine mad magic magnet maid mail main
+major make mammal man manage mandate mango mansion manual maple marble march margin marine market marriage mask mass master match material math matrix matter maximum
+maze meadow mean measure meat mechanic medal media melody melt member memory mention menu mercy merge merit merry mesh message metal method middle midnight milk
+million mimic mind minimum minor minute miracle mirror misery miss mistake mix mixed mixture mobile model modify mom moment monitor monkey monster month moon moral
+more morning mosquito mother motion motor mountain mouse move movie much muffin mule multiply muscle museum mushroom music must mutual myself mystery myth naive name
+napkin narrow nasty nation nature near neck need negative neglect neither nephew nerve nest net network neutral never news next nice night noble noise nominee
+noodle normal north nose notable note nothing notice novel now nuclear number nurse nut oak obey object oblige obscure observe obtain obvious occur ocean october
+odor off offer office often oil okay old olive olympic omit once one onion online only open opera opinion oppose option orange orbit orchard order
+ordinary organ orient original orphan ostrich other outdoor outer output outside oval oven over own owner oxygen oyster ozone pact paddle page pair palace palm
+panda panel panic panther paper parade parent park parrot party pass patch path patient patrol pattern pause pave payment peace peanut pear peasant pelican pen
+penalty pencil people pepper perfect permit person pet phone photo phrase physical piano picnic picture piece pig pigeon pill pilot pink pioneer pipe pistol pitch
+pizza place planet plastic plate play please pledge pluck plug plunge poem poet point polar pole police pond pony pool popular portion position possible post
+potato pottery poverty powder power practice praise predict prefer prepare present pretty prevent price pride primary print priority prison private prize problem process produce profit
+program project promote proof property prosper protect proud provide public pudding pull pulp pulse pumpkin punch pupil puppy purchase purity purpose purse push put puzzle
+pyramid quality quantum quarter question quick quit quiz quote rabbit raccoon race rack radar radio rail rain raise rally ramp ranch random range rapid rare
+rate rather raven raw razor ready real reason rebel rebuild recall receive recipe record recycle reduce reflect reform refuse region regret regular reject relax release
+relief rely remain remember remind remove render renew rent reopen repair repeat replace report require rescue resemble resist resource response result retire retreat return reunion
+reveal review reward rhythm rib ribbon rice rich ride ridge rifle right rigid ring riot ripple risk ritual rival river road roast robot robust rocket
+romance roof rookie room rose rotate rough round route royal rubber rude rug rule run runway rural sad saddle sadness safe sail salad salmon salon
+salt salute same sample sand satisfy satoshi sauce sausage save say scale scan scare scatter scene scheme school science scissors scorpion scout scrap screen script
+scrub sea search season seat second secret section security seed seek segment select sell seminar senior sense sentence series service session settle setup seven shadow
+shaft shallow share shed shell sheriff shield shift shine ship shiver shock shoe shoot shop short shoulder shove shrimp shrug shuffle shy sibling sick side
+siege sight sign silent silk silly silver similar simple since sing siren sister situate six size skate sketch ski skill skin skirt skull slab slam
+sleep slender slice slide slight slim slogan slot slow slush small smart smile smoke smooth snack snake snap sniff snow soap soccer social sock soda
+soft solar soldier solid solution solve someone song soon sorry sort soul sound soup source south space spare spatial spawn speak special speed spell spend
+sphere spice spider spike spin spirit split spoil sponsor spoon sport spot spray spread spring spy square squeeze squirrel stable stadium staff stage stairs stamp
+stand start state stay steak steel stem step stereo stick still sting stock stomach stone stool story stove strategy street strike strong struggle student stuff
+stumble style subject submit subway success such sudden suffer sugar suggest suit summer sun sunny sunset super supply supreme sure surface surge surprise surround survey
+suspect sustain swallow swamp swap swarm swear sweet swift swim swing switch sword symbol symptom syrup system table tackle tag tail talent talk tank tape
+target task taste tattoo taxi teach team tell ten tenant tennis tent term test text thank that theme then theory there they thing this thought
+three thrive throw thumb thunder ticket tide tiger tilt timber time tiny tip tired tissue title toast tobacco today toddler toe together toilet token tomato
+tomorrow tone tongue tonight tool tooth top topic topple torch tornado tortoise toss total tourist toward tower town toy track trade traffic tragic train transfer
+trap trash travel tray treat tree trend trial tribe trick trigger trim trip trophy trouble truck true truly trumpet trust truth try tube tuition tumble
+tuna tunnel turkey turn turtle twelve twenty twice twin twist two type typical ugly umbrella unable unaware uncle uncover under undo unfair unfold unhappy uniform
+unique unit universe unknown unlock until unusual unveil update upgrade uphold upon upper upset urban urge usage use used useful useless usual utility vacant vacuum
+vague valid valley valve van vanish vapor various vast vault vehicle velvet vendor venture venue verb verify version very vessel veteran viable vibrant vicious victory
+video view village vintage violin virtual virus visa visit visual vital vivid vocal voice void volcano volume vote voyage wage wagon wait walk wall walnut
+want warfare warm warrior wash wasp waste water wave way wealth weapon wear weasel weather web wedding weekend weird welcome west wet whale what wheat
+wheel when where whip whisper wide width wife wild will win window wine wing wink winner winter wire wisdom wise wish witness wolf woman wonder
+wood wool word work world worry worth wrap wreck wrestle wrist write wrong yard year yellow you young youth zebra zero zone zoo
+      TEXT
+    end
+
+  end
+end

data/lib/bitcoin/version.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 module Bitcoin
-  VERSION = "0.0.6"
+  VERSION = "0.0.7"
 end

data/spec/bitcoin/bitcoin_spec.rb

@@ -163,6 +163,14 @@ describe 'Bitcoin Address/Hash160/PubKey' do
     success.should == true
   end
 
+  it 'validate bitcoin public key' do
+    key = Bitcoin::Key.generate
+    Bitcoin.valid_pubkey?(key.pub_compressed).should == true
+    Bitcoin.valid_pubkey?(key.pub_uncompressed).should == true
+    Bitcoin.valid_pubkey?(key.addr).should == false
+    Bitcoin.valid_pubkey?(key.priv).should == false
+  end
+
   it 'validate p2sh address' do
     Bitcoin.network = :testnet
     Bitcoin.valid_address?("2MyLngQnhzjzatKsB7XfHYoP9e2XUXSiBMM").should == true
@@ -318,6 +326,13 @@ describe 'Bitcoin Address/Hash160/PubKey' do
     Bitcoin.hash_mrkl_tree(["aa", "bb", "cc"]).last.should !=
       Bitcoin.hash_mrkl_tree(["aa", "bb", "cc", "cc"]).last
   end
+  
+  it 'return a value even if a merkle branch is empty' do
+    branch = []
+    mrkl_index = 0
+    target = "089b911f5e471c0e1800f3384281ebec5b372fbb6f358790a92747ade271ccdf"
+    Bitcoin.mrkl_branch_root(branch.map(&:hth), target, mrkl_index).should == target
+  end
 
   it 'nonce compact bits to bignum hex' do
     Bitcoin.decode_compact_bits( "1b00b5ac".to_i(16) ).index(/[^0]/).should == 12
@@ -339,6 +354,9 @@ describe 'Bitcoin Address/Hash160/PubKey' do
     Bitcoin.decode_compact_bits(target).should ==
       "0000000065465700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
     Bitcoin.encode_compact_bits( Bitcoin.decode_compact_bits( target ) ).should == target
+
+    #Bitcoin.network = :dogecoin
+    #Bitcoin.decode_compact_bits( "01fedcba".to_i(16) ).to_i(16).should == -0x7e
   end
 
   it '#block_hash' do
@@ -421,12 +439,13 @@ describe 'Bitcoin Address/Hash160/PubKey' do
          "030b4c866585dd868a9d62348a9cd008d6a312937048fff31670e7e920cfc7a744"]
       ].each{|address, privkey, pubkey|
         key = Bitcoin.open_key(privkey)
-        16.times.all?{|n|
+        16.times.each { |n|
         #10_000.times.all?{|n|
         #  puts 'RAM USAGE: ' + `pmap #{Process.pid} | tail -1`[10,40].strip if (n % 1_000) == 0
           s = Bitcoin.sign_message(key.private_key_hex, key.public_key_hex, "Very secret message %d: 11" % n)
-          Bitcoin.verify_message(s['address'], s['signature'], s['message'])
-        }.should == true
+          Bitcoin.verify_message(s['address'], 'invalid-signature', s['message']).should == false
+          Bitcoin.verify_message(s['address'], s['signature'], s['message']).should == true
+        }
       }
     end
   rescue LoadError
@@ -488,6 +507,16 @@ describe 'Bitcoin Address/Hash160/PubKey' do
     Bitcoin.block_difficulty(436835377).should == "1751454.5353407"
   end
 
+  it 'should calculate retarget difficulty' do
+    prev_height = 201599
+    prev_block_time = 1349227021
+    prev_block_bits = 0x1a05db8b
+    last_retarget_time = 1348092851
+    new_difficulty = Bitcoin.block_new_target(prev_height, prev_block_time, prev_block_bits, last_retarget_time)
+    
+    Bitcoin.decode_compact_bits(new_difficulty.should) == Bitcoin.decode_compact_bits(0x1a057e08)
+  end
+
   it '#block_hashes_to_win' do
     Bitcoin.block_hashes_to_win(436835377).should == 7522554734795001
   end

data/spec/bitcoin/builder_spec.rb

@@ -78,11 +78,18 @@ describe "Bitcoin::Builder" do
     tx2 = build_tx do |t|
       t.input {|i| i.prev_out @block.tx[0], 0; i.signature_key @keys[0] }
       t.output {|o| o.value 123; o.script {|s| s.recipient @keys[1].addr } }
+      t.output {|o| o.to @keys[1].addr; o.value 321 }
+      t.output {|o| o.to "deadbeef", :op_return }
     end
     tx2.in[0].prev_out.should == tx.in[0].prev_out
     tx2.in[0].prev_out_index.should == tx.in[0].prev_out_index
     tx2.out[0].value.should == tx.out[0].value
     tx2.out[0].pk_script.should == tx.out[0].pk_script
+    Bitcoin::Script.new(tx2.out[0].pk_script).to_string.should ==
+      "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 #{@keys[1].hash160} OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG"
+    Bitcoin::Script.new(tx2.out[0].pk_script).to_string.should ==
+      "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 #{@keys[1].hash160} OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG"
+    tx2.out[2].value.should == 0
   end
 
   it "should allow txin.prev_out as tx or hash" do
@@ -225,6 +232,17 @@ describe "Bitcoin::Builder" do
     tx.out.map(&:value).inject(:+).should == 50e8 - 10000
   end
 
+  it "should build op_return output" do
+    builder = TxOutBuilder.new
+    builder.to "deadbeef", :op_return
+    builder.txout.parsed_script.to_string.should == "OP_RETURN deadbeef"
+  end
+
+  it "should build op_return script" do
+    s = script {|s| s.type :op_return; s.recipient "deadbeef" }
+    Bitcoin::Script.new(s).to_string.should == "OP_RETURN deadbeef"
+  end
+
   it "should build address script" do
     key = Bitcoin::Key.generate
     s = script {|s| s.type :address; s.recipient key.addr }

data/spec/bitcoin/contracthash_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# encoding: ascii-8bit
+
+require_relative 'spec_helper.rb'
+
+# https://github.com/aalness/contracthashtool-ruby
+# ruby port of https://github.com/Blockstream/contracthashtool
+
+describe 'Bitcoin::ContractHash' do
+  it 'should generate and claim' do
+    Bitcoin::network = :testnet3
+
+    # Example parameters from the original tool's usage().
+
+    redeem_script_template = '5121038695b28f1649c711aedb1fec8df54874334cfb7ddf31ba3132a94d00bdc9715251ae'
+    payee_address = 'mqWkEAFeQdrQvyaWNRn5vijPJeiQAjtxL2'
+    nonce_hex = '3a11be476485a6273fad4a0e09117d42'
+    private_key_wif = 'cMcpaCT6pHkyS4347i4rSmecaQtLiu1eH28NWmBiePn8bi6N4kzh'
+
+    # Someone wanting to send funds to the sidechain would call this
+    # to calculate a P2SH address to send to. They would then send the
+    # MDFs (mutually distrusting functionaries) the target address
+    # and nonce so they are able to locate the subsequent transaction.
+    # The caller would then send the desired amount of coin to the P2SH
+    # address to initiate the peg protocol.
+
+    nonce, redeem_script, p2sh_address = Bitcoin::ContractHash.generate(redeem_script_template, payee_address, nonce_hex)
+
+    nonce.should == "3a11be476485a6273fad4a0e09117d42"
+    p2sh_address.should == "2MvGPFfDXbJZyH79u187VNZbuCgyRBhcdsw"
+    redeem_script.should == "512102944aba05d40d8df1724f8ab2f5f3a58d052d26aedc93e175534cb782becc8ff751ae"
+
+    # Each MDF would call this to derive a private key to redeem the
+    # locked transaction.
+
+    key = Bitcoin::ContractHash.claim(private_key_wif, payee_address, nonce)
+    key.to_base58.should == "cSBD8yM62R82RfbugiGK8Lui9gdMB81NtZBckxe5YxRsDSKySwHK"
+
+    # Verify homomorphic derivation was successful.
+
+    signature = key.sign_message(message="derp")
+    script = Bitcoin::Script.new([redeem_script].pack("H*"))
+    pubkey = Bitcoin::Key.new(nil, script.get_multisig_pubkeys.first.unpack("H*").first)
+    pubkey.verify_message(signature, message).should == true
+  end
+end

data/spec/bitcoin/dogecoin_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+# encoding: ascii-8bit
+
+require_relative 'spec_helper.rb'
+require 'bitcoin/script'
+
+include Bitcoin
+include Bitcoin::Builder
+
+describe 'Bitcoin::Dogecoin' do
+  it 'validate dogecoin-address' do
+
+    Bitcoin::network = :dogecoin_testnet
+
+    # Testnet address
+    Bitcoin.valid_address?("nUtMFED5VRg5xuj9QCrNFt9mVPFDXo7TTE").should == true
+    # Livenet address
+    Bitcoin.valid_address?("DSpgzjPyfQB6ZzeSbMWpaZiTTxGf2oBCs4").should == false
+    # Broken address
+    Bitcoin.valid_address?("DRjyUS2uuieEPkhZNdQz8hE5YycxVEqSXA").should == false
+
+    Bitcoin::network = :dogecoin
+
+    # Testnet address
+    Bitcoin.valid_address?("nUtMFED5VRg5xuj9QCrNFt9mVPFDXo7TTE").should == false
+    # Livenet address
+    Bitcoin.valid_address?("DSpgzjPyfQB6ZzeSbMWpaZiTTxGf2oBCs4").should == true
+    # Broken address
+    Bitcoin.valid_address?("DRjyUS2uuieEPkhZNdQz8hE5YycxVEqSXA").should == false
+  end
+
+  it 'should calculate retarget difficulty' do
+    Bitcoin::network = :dogecoin
+
+    prev_height = 239
+    prev_block_time = 1386475638 # Block 239
+    prev_block_bits = 0x1e0ffff0
+    last_retarget_time = 1386474927 # Block 1
+    new_difficulty = Bitcoin.block_new_target(prev_height, prev_block_time, prev_block_bits, last_retarget_time)
+    new_difficulty.to_s(16).should == 0x1e00ffff.to_s(16)
+
+    prev_height = 479
+    prev_block_time = 1386475840
+    prev_block_bits = 0x1e0fffff
+    last_retarget_time = 1386475638 # Block 239
+    new_difficulty = Bitcoin.block_new_target(prev_height, prev_block_time, prev_block_bits, last_retarget_time)
+    new_difficulty.to_s(16).should == 0x1e00ffff.to_s(16)
+
+    prev_height = 9_599
+    prev_block_time = 1386954113
+    prev_block_bits = 0x1c1a1206
+    last_retarget_time = 1386942008 # Block 9359
+    new_difficulty = Bitcoin.block_new_target(prev_height, prev_block_time, prev_block_bits, last_retarget_time)
+    new_difficulty.to_s(16).should == 0x1c15ea59.to_s(16)
+
+    # First hard-fork at 145,000, which applies to block 145,001 onwards
+    prev_height = 145_000
+    prev_block_time = 1395094679
+    prev_block_bits = 0x1b499dfd
+    last_retarget_time = 1395094427
+    new_difficulty = Bitcoin.block_new_target(prev_height, prev_block_time, prev_block_bits, last_retarget_time)
+    new_difficulty.to_s(16).should == 0x1b671062.to_s(16)
+
+    # Test case for correct rounding of modulated time - by default C++ and Ruby do not
+    # necessarily round identically
+    prev_height = 145_001
+    prev_block_time = 1395094727
+    prev_block_bits = 0x1b671062
+    last_retarget_time = 1395094679
+    new_difficulty = Bitcoin.block_new_target(prev_height, prev_block_time, prev_block_bits, last_retarget_time)
+    new_difficulty.to_s(16).should == 0x1b6558a4.to_s(16)
+
+    # Test the second hard-fork at 371,337 as well
+    prev_height = 371336
+    prev_block_time = 1410464569
+    prev_block_bits = 0x1b2fdf75
+    last_retarget_time = 1410464445
+    new_difficulty = Bitcoin.block_new_target(prev_height, prev_block_time, prev_block_bits, last_retarget_time)
+    new_difficulty.to_s(16).should == 0x1b364184.to_s(16)
+
+    prev_height = 408_596
+    prev_block_time = 1412800112
+    prev_block_bits = 0x1b033d8b
+    last_retarget_time = 1412799989 # Block 408,595
+    new_difficulty = Bitcoin.block_new_target(prev_height, prev_block_time, prev_block_bits, last_retarget_time)
+    new_difficulty.to_s(16).should == 0x1b039e52.to_s(16)
+  end
+
+  it 'should calculate reward upper bounds' do
+    Bitcoin::network = :dogecoin
+
+    Bitcoin.block_creation_reward(99000).should == 1000000 * COIN # Note this is the maximum possible, not actual reward
+    Bitcoin.block_creation_reward(144999).should == 500000 * COIN
+    Bitcoin.block_creation_reward(145000).should == 250000 * COIN # Hard-forked to remove random rewards
+    Bitcoin.block_creation_reward(199999).should == 250000 * COIN
+    Bitcoin.block_creation_reward(299999).should == 125000 * COIN
+    Bitcoin.block_creation_reward(399999).should == 62500 * COIN
+    Bitcoin.block_creation_reward(499999).should == 31250 * COIN
+    Bitcoin.block_creation_reward(599999).should == 15625 * COIN
+    Bitcoin.block_creation_reward(600000).should == 10000 * COIN
+    Bitcoin.block_creation_reward(700000).should == 10000 * COIN
+  end
+
+  it 'should calculate merkle root from AuxPoW transaction branch' do
+    # Taken directly from Dogecoin block #403,931
+
+    # Branch stored as bytes to reflect how data is stored in AuxPow class
+    branch = [
+      "\xbe\x07\x90\x78\x86\x93\x99\xfa\xcc\xaa\x76\x4c\x10\xe9\xdf\x6e\x99\x81\x70\x17\x59\xad\x18\xe1\x37\x24\xd9\xca\x58\x83\x13\x48",
+      "\x5f\x5b\xfb\x2c\x79\x54\x17\x78\x49\x9c\xab\x95\x6a\x10\x38\x87\x14\x7f\x2a\xb5\xd4\xa7\x17\xf3\x2f\x9e\xee\xbd\x29\xe1\xf8\x94",
+      "\xd8\xc6\xfe\x42\xca\x25\x07\x61\x59\xcd\x12\x1a\x5e\x20\xc4\x8c\x1b\xc5\x3a\xb9\x07\x30\x08\x3e\x44\xa3\x34\x56\x6e\xa6\xbb\xcb"
+    ]
+    mrkl_index = 0
+    target = "089b911f5e471c0e1800f3384281ebec5b372fbb6f358790a92747ade271ccdf" # Coinbase TX ID
+    Bitcoin.mrkl_branch_root(branch.map(&:hth), target, mrkl_index).should == "f29cd14243ed542d9a0b495efcb9feca1b208bb5b717dc5ac04f068d2fef595a"
+  end
+
+  it 'should calculate merkle root from AuxPoW branch' do
+    # Taken directly from Dogecoin block #403,931
+
+    # Branch stored as bytes to reflect how data is stored in AuxPow class
+    aux_branch = [
+      "\x47\xa0\x22\x8b\x06\xc9\x36\x8f\x96\xc5\xf0\x4e\xb1\x09\xf8\x2c\xef\x36\xda\xe7\xc1\xbf\x25\x4c\x1a\x3f\x78\x61\x5e\xb0\xbe\x83",
+      "\xee\x67\xde\x31\x75\x76\x58\xdd\xd7\x40\x3e\x1a\x35\xd9\xc0\x6a\x5a\x13\xe6\x68\x98\x44\x3b\x45\x8c\xd6\xa7\x1b\x66\x27\x41\x6c",
+      "\xab\x9e\xf9\xbd\xa0\x2c\xad\x27\x90\xef\x9b\xb7\xc9\xa0\x7f\xe1\x79\x1a\x9d\x5a\xe0\x43\x09\xc0\xe9\x06\x48\x19\x19\x4c\x28\x31",
+      "\xff\x51\x61\x01\x80\xf6\x4d\x33\xa8\xc1\xba\x1d\xd9\xa9\xd0\x40\x48\x88\xc9\x6e\xaf\xd1\x57\x03\x64\x35\x8b\xbe\x99\x8f\x2d\xfe",
+      "\x9e\xe4\x18\x36\x7c\x3b\xce\x06\x5e\x7c\x01\x61\x29\x6e\xaa\x0d\x54\x96\xf9\x0f\x8b\x7b\x24\xeb\xf7\x2c\xc4\xba\xa5\x60\x9a\x1f",
+      "\x0b\x35\xf3\x73\x10\xe1\xde\x3f\xa4\xe1\x37\x7c\x02\x12\x62\x20\xe1\x64\xfa\x59\xec\xfe\xdc\xf4\x71\x4e\x61\xad\x74\xcc\x4b\x08"
+    ]
+    aux_mrkl_index = 56
+    target = "0c836b86991631d34a8a68054e2f62db919b39d1ee43c27ab3344d6aa82fa609" # Block hash
+    Bitcoin.mrkl_branch_root(aux_branch.map(&:hth), target, aux_mrkl_index).should == "ce3040fdb7e37484f6a1ca4f8f5da81e6b7e404ec91102315a233e03a0c39c95" # Merkle root in coinbase script
+  end
+
+  it 'parse AuxPoW' do
+    Bitcoin::network = :dogecoin
+
+    block_hash = "60323982f9c5ff1b5a954eac9dc1269352835f47c2c5222691d80f0d50dcf053"
+    data = fixtures_file("dogecoin-block-#{block_hash}.bin")
+    block = P::Block.new(data)
+    aux_pow = block.aux_pow
+    aux_pow.nil?.should == false
+    aux_pow.mrkl_index.should == 0
+
+    parent_block_merkle_root = Bitcoin.mrkl_branch_root(aux_pow.branch.map(&:reverse_hth), aux_pow.tx.hash, aux_pow.mrkl_index)
+    parent_block_merkle_root.should == aux_pow.parent_block.mrkl_root.reverse.unpack("H*")[0]
+
+    # Find the merged mining header in the coinbase input script
+    merged_mining_header = "\xfa\xbemm"
+    script = aux_pow.tx.in[0].script
+    header_idx = script.index(merged_mining_header)
+
+    header_idx.should == 4
+    
+    chain_merkle_root = Bitcoin.mrkl_branch_root(aux_pow.aux_branch.map(&:reverse_hth), block_hash, aux_pow.aux_index)
+    
+    # Drop everything up to the merged mining data
+    script = script.slice(header_idx + merged_mining_header.length, chain_merkle_root.length / 2 + 8)
+
+    tx_root_hash = script.slice(0, chain_merkle_root.length / 2).unpack("H*")[0]
+    chain_merkle_root.should == tx_root_hash
+
+    merkle_branch_size = script.slice(chain_merkle_root.length / 2, 4).unpack("V")[0]
+    merkle_branch_size.should == (1 << aux_pow.aux_branch.length)
+
+    # Choose a pseudo-random slot in the chain merkle tree
+    # but have it be fixed for a size/nonce/chain combination.
+    nonce = script.slice(chain_merkle_root.length / 2 + 4, 4).unpack("V")[0]
+    rand = nonce
+    rand = rand * 1103515245 + 12345
+    rand += Bitcoin.network[:auxpow_chain_id]
+    rand = rand * 1103515245 + 12345
+
+    aux_pow.aux_index.should == (rand % merkle_branch_size)
+  end
+
+end