axiom-sql-generator 0.1.0

data/spec/unit/axiom/sql/generator/relation/set/visit_axiom_algebra_intersection_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+# encoding: utf-8
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+describe SQL::Generator::Relation::Set, '#visit_axiom_algebra_intersection' do
+  subject { object.visit_axiom_algebra_intersection(intersection) }
+
+  let(:relation_name) { 'users'                                          }
+  let(:id)            { Attribute::Integer.new(:id)                      }
+  let(:name)          { Attribute::String.new(:name)                     }
+  let(:age)           { Attribute::Integer.new(:age, :required => false) }
+  let(:header)        { [ id, name, age ]                                }
+  let(:body)          { [ [ 1, 'Dan Kubb', 35 ] ].each                   }
+  let(:base_relation) { Relation::Base.new(relation_name, header, body)  }
+  let(:left)          { operand                                          }
+  let(:right)         { operand                                          }
+  let(:intersection)  { left.intersect(right)                            }
+  let(:object)        { described_class.new                              }
+
+  context 'when the operands are base relations' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users"))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operands are projections' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.project([ :id, :name ]) }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT DISTINCT "id", "name" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT DISTINCT "id", "name" FROM "users")')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT DISTINCT "id", "name" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT DISTINCT "id", "name" FROM "users"))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operand is an extension' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.extend { |r| r.add(:one, 1) } }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", "age", 1 AS "one" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age", 1 AS "one" FROM "users")')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age", 1 AS "one" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age", 1 AS "one" FROM "users"))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operands are renames' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.rename(:id => :user_id) }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id" AS "user_id", "name", "age" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT "id" AS "user_id", "name", "age" FROM "users")')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id" AS "user_id", "name", "age" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT "id" AS "user_id", "name", "age" FROM "users"))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operands are restrictions' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.restrict { |r| r.id.eq(1) } }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" WHERE "id" = 1) INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" WHERE "id" = 1)')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" WHERE "id" = 1) INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" WHERE "id" = 1))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operand is a summarization' do
+    context 'summarize per table dee' do
+      let(:summarize_per) { TABLE_DEE                                                                }
+      let(:operand)       { base_relation.summarize(summarize_per) { |r| r.add(:count, r.id.count) } }
+
+      it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+      its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT COUNT ("id") AS "count" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT COUNT ("id") AS "count" FROM "users")')   }
+      its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT COUNT ("id") AS "count" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT COUNT ("id") AS "count" FROM "users"))') }
+    end
+
+    context 'summarize per table dum' do
+      let(:summarize_per) { TABLE_DUM                                                                }
+      let(:operand)       { base_relation.summarize(summarize_per) { |r| r.add(:count, r.id.count) } }
+
+      it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+      its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT COUNT ("id") AS "count" FROM "users" HAVING FALSE) INTERSECT (SELECT COUNT ("id") AS "count" FROM "users" HAVING FALSE)')   }
+      its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT COUNT ("id") AS "count" FROM "users" HAVING FALSE) INTERSECT (SELECT COUNT ("id") AS "count" FROM "users" HAVING FALSE))') }
+    end
+
+    context 'summarize by a subset of the operand header' do
+      let(:operand) { base_relation.summarize([ :id, :name ]) { |r| r.add(:count, r.age.count) } }
+
+      it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+      its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", COUNT ("age") AS "count" FROM "users" GROUP BY "id", "name" HAVING COUNT (*) > 0) INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", COUNT ("age") AS "count" FROM "users" GROUP BY "id", "name" HAVING COUNT (*) > 0)')   }
+      its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", COUNT ("age") AS "count" FROM "users" GROUP BY "id", "name" HAVING COUNT (*) > 0) INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", COUNT ("age") AS "count" FROM "users" GROUP BY "id", "name" HAVING COUNT (*) > 0))') }
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operand is ordered' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.sort_by { |r| [ r.id, r.name, r.age ] } }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age") INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age")')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age") INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age"))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operand is reversed' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.sort_by { |r| [ r.id, r.name, r.age ] }.reverse }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id" DESC, "name" DESC, "age" DESC) INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id" DESC, "name" DESC, "age" DESC)')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id" DESC, "name" DESC, "age" DESC) INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id" DESC, "name" DESC, "age" DESC))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operand is limited' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.sort_by { |r| [ r.id, r.name, r.age ] }.take(1) }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age" LIMIT 1) INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age" LIMIT 1)')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age" LIMIT 1) INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age" LIMIT 1))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operands are offsets' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.sort_by { |r| [ r.id, r.name, r.age ] }.drop(1) }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age" OFFSET 1) INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age" OFFSET 1)')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age" OFFSET 1) INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age" OFFSET 1))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operands are differences' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.difference(base_relation) }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") EXCEPT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")) INTERSECT ((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") EXCEPT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users"))')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('(((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") EXCEPT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")) INTERSECT ((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") EXCEPT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operands are intersections' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.intersect(base_relation) }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")) INTERSECT ((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users"))')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('(((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")) INTERSECT ((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operands are unions' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.union(base_relation) }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")) INTERSECT ((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users"))')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('(((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")) INTERSECT ((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operands are joins' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.join(base_relation) }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" AS "left" NATURAL JOIN "users" AS "right") INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" AS "left" NATURAL JOIN "users" AS "right")')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" AS "left" NATURAL JOIN "users" AS "right") INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" AS "left" NATURAL JOIN "users" AS "right"))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operands have different base relations' do
+    let(:relation_name) { 'users_others'                             }
+    let(:left)          { Relation::Base.new('users',  header, body) }
+    let(:right)         { Relation::Base.new('others', header, body) }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "others")')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "others"))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operands have headers sorted in different orders' do
+    let(:left)  { Relation::Base.new(relation_name, header,         body) }
+    let(:right) { Relation::Base.new(relation_name, header.reverse, body) }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT DISTINCT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT DISTINCT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users"))') }
+  end
+end

data/spec/unit/axiom/sql/generator/relation/set/visit_axiom_algebra_union_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+# encoding: utf-8
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+describe SQL::Generator::Relation::Set, '#visit_axiom_algebra_union' do
+  subject { object.visit_axiom_algebra_union(union) }
+
+  let(:relation_name) { 'users'                                          }
+  let(:id)            { Attribute::Integer.new(:id)                      }
+  let(:name)          { Attribute::String.new(:name)                     }
+  let(:age)           { Attribute::Integer.new(:age, :required => false) }
+  let(:header)        { [ id, name, age ]                                }
+  let(:body)          { [ [ 1, 'Dan Kubb', 35 ] ].each                   }
+  let(:base_relation) { Relation::Base.new(relation_name, header, body)  }
+  let(:left)          { operand                                          }
+  let(:right)         { operand                                          }
+  let(:union)         { left.union(right)                                }
+  let(:object)        { described_class.new                              }
+
+  context 'when the operands are base relations' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users"))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operands are projections' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.project([ :id, :name ]) }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT DISTINCT "id", "name" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT DISTINCT "id", "name" FROM "users")')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT DISTINCT "id", "name" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT DISTINCT "id", "name" FROM "users"))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operand is an extension' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.extend { |r| r.add(:one, 1) } }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", "age", 1 AS "one" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age", 1 AS "one" FROM "users")')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age", 1 AS "one" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age", 1 AS "one" FROM "users"))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operands are renames' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.rename(:id => :user_id) }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id" AS "user_id", "name", "age" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT "id" AS "user_id", "name", "age" FROM "users")')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id" AS "user_id", "name", "age" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT "id" AS "user_id", "name", "age" FROM "users"))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operands are restrictions' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.restrict { |r| r.id.eq(1) } }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" WHERE "id" = 1) UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" WHERE "id" = 1)')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" WHERE "id" = 1) UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" WHERE "id" = 1))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operand is a summarization' do
+    context 'summarize per table dee' do
+      let(:summarize_per) { TABLE_DEE                                                                }
+      let(:operand)       { base_relation.summarize(summarize_per) { |r| r.add(:count, r.id.count) } }
+
+      it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+      its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT COUNT ("id") AS "count" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT COUNT ("id") AS "count" FROM "users")')   }
+      its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT COUNT ("id") AS "count" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT COUNT ("id") AS "count" FROM "users"))') }
+    end
+
+    context 'summarize per table dum' do
+      let(:summarize_per) { TABLE_DUM                                                                }
+      let(:operand)       { base_relation.summarize(summarize_per) { |r| r.add(:count, r.id.count) } }
+
+      it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+      its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT COUNT ("id") AS "count" FROM "users" HAVING FALSE) UNION (SELECT COUNT ("id") AS "count" FROM "users" HAVING FALSE)')   }
+      its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT COUNT ("id") AS "count" FROM "users" HAVING FALSE) UNION (SELECT COUNT ("id") AS "count" FROM "users" HAVING FALSE))') }
+    end
+
+    context 'summarize by a subset of the operand header' do
+      let(:operand) { base_relation.summarize([ :id, :name ]) { |r| r.add(:count, r.age.count) } }
+
+      it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+      its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", COUNT ("age") AS "count" FROM "users" GROUP BY "id", "name" HAVING COUNT (*) > 0) UNION (SELECT "id", "name", COUNT ("age") AS "count" FROM "users" GROUP BY "id", "name" HAVING COUNT (*) > 0)')   }
+      its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", COUNT ("age") AS "count" FROM "users" GROUP BY "id", "name" HAVING COUNT (*) > 0) UNION (SELECT "id", "name", COUNT ("age") AS "count" FROM "users" GROUP BY "id", "name" HAVING COUNT (*) > 0))') }
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operand is ordered' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.sort_by { |r| [ r.id, r.name, r.age ] } }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age") UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age")')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age") UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age"))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operand is reversed' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.sort_by { |r| [ r.id, r.name, r.age ] }.reverse }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id" DESC, "name" DESC, "age" DESC) UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id" DESC, "name" DESC, "age" DESC)')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id" DESC, "name" DESC, "age" DESC) UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id" DESC, "name" DESC, "age" DESC))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operand is limited' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.sort_by { |r| [ r.id, r.name, r.age ] }.take(1) }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age" LIMIT 1) UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age" LIMIT 1)')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age" LIMIT 1) UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age" LIMIT 1))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operands are offsets' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.sort_by { |r| [ r.id, r.name, r.age ] }.drop(1) }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age" OFFSET 1) UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age" OFFSET 1)')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age" OFFSET 1) UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" ORDER BY "id", "name", "age" OFFSET 1))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operands are differences' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.difference(base_relation) }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") EXCEPT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")) UNION ((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") EXCEPT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users"))')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('(((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") EXCEPT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")) UNION ((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") EXCEPT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operands are intersections' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.intersect(base_relation) }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")) UNION ((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users"))')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('(((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")) UNION ((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") INTERSECT (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operands are unions' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.union(base_relation) }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")) UNION ((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users"))')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('(((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")) UNION ((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operands are joins' do
+    let(:operand) { base_relation.join(base_relation) }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" AS "left" NATURAL JOIN "users" AS "right") UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" AS "left" NATURAL JOIN "users" AS "right")')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" AS "left" NATURAL JOIN "users" AS "right") UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users" AS "left" NATURAL JOIN "users" AS "right"))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operands have different base relations' do
+    let(:relation_name) { 'users_others'                             }
+    let(:left)          { Relation::Base.new('users',  header, body) }
+    let(:right)         { Relation::Base.new('others', header, body) }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "others")')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "others"))') }
+  end
+
+  context 'when the operands have headers sorted in different orders' do
+    let(:left)  { Relation::Base.new(relation_name, header,         body) }
+    let(:right) { Relation::Base.new(relation_name, header.reverse, body) }
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL SELECT query'
+
+    its(:to_s)        { should eql('(SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT DISTINCT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users")')   }
+    its(:to_subquery) { should eql('((SELECT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users") UNION (SELECT DISTINCT "id", "name", "age" FROM "users"))') }
+  end
+end

data/spec/unit/axiom/sql/generator/relation/to_s_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# encoding: utf-8
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+describe SQL::Generator::Relation, '#to_s' do
+  subject { object.to_s }
+
+  let(:described_class) { Class.new(SQL::Generator::Relation)              }
+  let(:id)              { Attribute::Integer.new(:id)                      }
+  let(:name)            { Attribute::String.new(:name)                     }
+  let(:age)             { Attribute::Integer.new(:age, :required => false) }
+  let(:header)          { [ id, name, age ]                                }
+  let(:body)            { [ [ 1, 'Dan Kubb', 35 ] ].each                   }
+  let(:base_relation)   { Relation::Base.new('users', header, body)        }
+  let(:object)          { described_class.new                              }
+
+  context 'when no object visited' do
+    it_should_behave_like 'an idempotent method'
+
+    it { should respond_to(:to_s) }
+
+    it { should be_frozen }
+
+    its(:to_s) { should == '' }
+  end
+
+  context 'when an object is visited' do
+    let(:visitable) { mock('Visitable') }
+
+    before do
+      described_class.class_eval do
+        def visit_rspec_mocks_mock(mock)
+          @name     = mock.instance_variable_get(:@name)
+          @distinct = 'DISTINCT'
+          @scope    = Set.new
+        end
+
+        def generate_sql(columns)
+          "SELECT #{columns} FROM #{@name}"
+        end
+      end
+
+      object.visit(visitable)
+    end
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'a generated SQL expression'
+
+    its(:to_s) { should eql('SELECT DISTINCT FROM Visitable') }
+  end
+end

data/spec/unit/axiom/sql/generator/relation/to_sql_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# encoding: utf-8
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+describe SQL::Generator::Relation, '#to_sql' do
+  subject { object.to_sql }
+
+  let(:described_class) { Class.new(SQL::Generator::Relation)              }
+  let(:id)              { Attribute::Integer.new(:id)                      }
+  let(:name)            { Attribute::String.new(:name)                     }
+  let(:age)             { Attribute::Integer.new(:age, :required => false) }
+  let(:header)          { [ id, name, age ]                                }
+  let(:body)            { [ [ 1, 'Dan Kubb', 35 ] ].each                   }
+  let(:object)          { described_class.new                              }
+
+  context 'when no object visited' do
+    it_should_behave_like 'an idempotent method'
+
+    it { should be_kind_of(String) }
+
+    it { should be_frozen }
+
+    it { should == '' }
+  end
+
+  context 'when an object is visited' do
+    let(:visitable) { mock('Visitable') }
+
+    before do
+      described_class.class_eval do
+        def visit_rspec_mocks_mock(mock)
+          mock
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    before do
+      @original = object.to_sql
+      object.visit(visitable)
+    end
+
+    it_should_behave_like 'an idempotent method'
+
+    it { should be_kind_of(String) }
+
+    it { should be_frozen }
+
+    it { should_not equal(@original) }
+
+    it { should eql(visitable.to_s) }
+  end
+end