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+                  <a href="#glib-Spawning-Processes.description" class="shortcut">Description</a>
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+<div class="refentry" title="Spawning Processes">
+<a name="glib-Spawning-Processes"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
+<div class="refnamediv"><table width="100%"><tr>
+<td valign="top">
+<h2><span class="refentrytitle"><a name="glib-Spawning-Processes.top_of_page"></a>Spawning Processes</span></h2>
+<p>Spawning Processes — process launching</p>
+</td>
+<td valign="top" align="right"></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+<div class="refsynopsisdiv" title="Synopsis">
+<a name="glib-Spawning-Processes.synopsis"></a><h2>Synopsis</h2>
+<pre class="synopsis">
+#include &lt;glib.h&gt;
+enum                <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnError" title="enum GSpawnError">GSpawnError</a>;
+#define             <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-ERROR:CAPS" title="G_SPAWN_ERROR">G_SPAWN_ERROR</a>
+enum                <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnFlags" title="enum GSpawnFlags">GSpawnFlags</a>;
+<span class="returnvalue">void</span>                (<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnChildSetupFunc" title="GSpawnChildSetupFunc ()">*GSpawnChildSetupFunc</a>)             (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gpointer" title="gpointer"><span class="type">gpointer</span></a> user_data</code></em>);
+<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>            <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()">g_spawn_async_with_pipes</a>            (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *working_directory</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **argv</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **envp</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnFlags" title="enum GSpawnFlags"><span class="type">GSpawnFlags</span></a> flags</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnChildSetupFunc" title="GSpawnChildSetupFunc ()"><span class="type">GSpawnChildSetupFunc</span></a> child_setup</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gpointer" title="gpointer"><span class="type">gpointer</span></a> user_data</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-The-Main-Event-Loop.html#GPid" title="GPid"><span class="type">GPid</span></a> *child_pid</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gint" title="gint"><span class="type">gint</span></a> *standard_input</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gint" title="gint"><span class="type">gint</span></a> *standard_output</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gint" title="gint"><span class="type">gint</span></a> *standard_error</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);
+<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>            <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async" title="g_spawn_async ()">g_spawn_async</a>                       (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *working_directory</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **argv</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **envp</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnFlags" title="enum GSpawnFlags"><span class="type">GSpawnFlags</span></a> flags</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnChildSetupFunc" title="GSpawnChildSetupFunc ()"><span class="type">GSpawnChildSetupFunc</span></a> child_setup</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gpointer" title="gpointer"><span class="type">gpointer</span></a> user_data</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-The-Main-Event-Loop.html#GPid" title="GPid"><span class="type">GPid</span></a> *child_pid</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);
+<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>            <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-sync" title="g_spawn_sync ()">g_spawn_sync</a>                        (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *working_directory</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **argv</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **envp</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnFlags" title="enum GSpawnFlags"><span class="type">GSpawnFlags</span></a> flags</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnChildSetupFunc" title="GSpawnChildSetupFunc ()"><span class="type">GSpawnChildSetupFunc</span></a> child_setup</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gpointer" title="gpointer"><span class="type">gpointer</span></a> user_data</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **standard_output</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **standard_error</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gint" title="gint"><span class="type">gint</span></a> *exit_status</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);
+<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>            <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-command-line-async" title="g_spawn_command_line_async ()">g_spawn_command_line_async</a>          (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *command_line</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);
+<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>            <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-command-line-sync" title="g_spawn_command_line_sync ()">g_spawn_command_line_sync</a>           (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *command_line</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **standard_output</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **standard_error</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gint" title="gint"><span class="type">gint</span></a> *exit_status</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);
+<span class="returnvalue">void</span>                <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-close-pid" title="g_spawn_close_pid ()">g_spawn_close_pid</a>                   (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-The-Main-Event-Loop.html#GPid" title="GPid"><span class="type">GPid</span></a> pid</code></em>);
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
+<a name="glib-Spawning-Processes.description"></a><h2>Description</h2>
+<p>
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class="refsect1" title="Details">
+<a name="glib-Spawning-Processes.details"></a><h2>Details</h2>
+<div class="refsect2" title="enum GSpawnError">
+<a name="GSpawnError"></a><h3>enum GSpawnError</h3>
+<pre class="programlisting">typedef enum
+{
+  G_SPAWN_ERROR_FORK,   /* fork failed due to lack of memory */
+  G_SPAWN_ERROR_READ,   /* read or select on pipes failed */
+  G_SPAWN_ERROR_CHDIR,  /* changing to working dir failed */
+  G_SPAWN_ERROR_ACCES,  /* execv() returned EACCES */
+  G_SPAWN_ERROR_PERM,   /* execv() returned EPERM */
+  G_SPAWN_ERROR_2BIG,   /* execv() returned E2BIG */
+  G_SPAWN_ERROR_NOEXEC, /* execv() returned ENOEXEC */
+  G_SPAWN_ERROR_NAMETOOLONG, /* ""  "" ENAMETOOLONG */
+  G_SPAWN_ERROR_NOENT,       /* ""  "" ENOENT */
+  G_SPAWN_ERROR_NOMEM,       /* ""  "" ENOMEM */
+  G_SPAWN_ERROR_NOTDIR,      /* ""  "" ENOTDIR */
+  G_SPAWN_ERROR_LOOP,        /* ""  "" ELOOP   */
+  G_SPAWN_ERROR_TXTBUSY,     /* ""  "" ETXTBUSY */
+  G_SPAWN_ERROR_IO,          /* ""  "" EIO */
+  G_SPAWN_ERROR_NFILE,       /* ""  "" ENFILE */
+  G_SPAWN_ERROR_MFILE,       /* ""  "" EMFLE */
+  G_SPAWN_ERROR_INVAL,       /* ""  "" EINVAL */
+  G_SPAWN_ERROR_ISDIR,       /* ""  "" EISDIR */
+  G_SPAWN_ERROR_LIBBAD,      /* ""  "" ELIBBAD */
+  G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED       /* other fatal failure, error-&gt;message
+                              * should explain
+                              */
+} GSpawnError;
+</pre>
+<p>
+Error codes returned by spawning processes.
+</p>
+<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
+<col align="left" valign="top">
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-FORK:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_FORK</code></span></p></td>
+<td>Fork failed due to lack of memory.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-READ:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_READ</code></span></p></td>
+<td>Read or select on pipes failed.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-CHDIR:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_CHDIR</code></span></p></td>
+<td>Changing to working directory failed.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-ACCES:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_ACCES</code></span></p></td>
+<td>execv() returned <code class="literal">EACCES</code>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-PERM:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_PERM</code></span></p></td>
+<td>execv() returned <code class="literal">EPERM</code>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-2BIG:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_2BIG</code></span></p></td>
+<td>execv() returned <code class="literal">E2BIG</code>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-NOEXEC:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_NOEXEC</code></span></p></td>
+<td>execv() returned <code class="literal">ENOEXEC</code>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-NAMETOOLONG:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_NAMETOOLONG</code></span></p></td>
+<td>execv() returned <code class="literal">ENAMETOOLONG</code>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-NOENT:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_NOENT</code></span></p></td>
+<td>execv() returned <code class="literal">ENOENT</code>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-NOMEM:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_NOMEM</code></span></p></td>
+<td>execv() returned <code class="literal">ENOMEM</code>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-NOTDIR:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_NOTDIR</code></span></p></td>
+<td>execv() returned <code class="literal">ENOTDIR</code>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-LOOP:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_LOOP</code></span></p></td>
+<td>execv() returned <code class="literal">ELOOP</code>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-TXTBUSY:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_TXTBUSY</code></span></p></td>
+<td>execv() returned <code class="literal">ETXTBUSY</code>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-IO:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_IO</code></span></p></td>
+<td>execv() returned <code class="literal">EIO</code>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-NFILE:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_NFILE</code></span></p></td>
+<td>execv() returned <code class="literal">ENFILE</code>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-MFILE:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_MFILE</code></span></p></td>
+<td>execv() returned <code class="literal">EMFILE</code>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-INVAL:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_INVAL</code></span></p></td>
+<td>execv() returned <code class="literal">EINVAL</code>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-ISDIR:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_ISDIR</code></span></p></td>
+<td>execv() returned <code class="literal">EISDIR</code>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-LIBBAD:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_LIBBAD</code></span></p></td>
+<td>execv() returned <code class="literal">ELIBBAD</code>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-FAILED:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED</code></span></p></td>
+<td>Some other fatal failure, <code class="literal">error-&gt;message</code> should explain.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table></div>
+</div>
+<hr>
+<div class="refsect2" title="G_SPAWN_ERROR">
+<a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR:CAPS"></a><h3>G_SPAWN_ERROR</h3>
+<pre class="programlisting">#define G_SPAWN_ERROR g_spawn_error_quark ()
+</pre>
+<p>
+Error domain for spawning processes. Errors in this domain will
+be from the <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnError" title="enum GSpawnError"><span class="type">GSpawnError</span></a> enumeration. See <a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> for information on
+error domains.
+</p>
+</div>
+<hr>
+<div class="refsect2" title="enum GSpawnFlags">
+<a name="GSpawnFlags"></a><h3>enum GSpawnFlags</h3>
+<pre class="programlisting">typedef enum
+{
+  G_SPAWN_LEAVE_DESCRIPTORS_OPEN = 1 &lt;&lt; 0,
+  G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD      = 1 &lt;&lt; 1,
+  /* look for argv[0] in the path i.e. use execvp() */
+  G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH            = 1 &lt;&lt; 2,
+  /* Dump output to /dev/null */
+  G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL     = 1 &lt;&lt; 3,
+  G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL     = 1 &lt;&lt; 4,
+  G_SPAWN_CHILD_INHERITS_STDIN   = 1 &lt;&lt; 5,
+  G_SPAWN_FILE_AND_ARGV_ZERO     = 1 &lt;&lt; 6
+} GSpawnFlags;
+</pre>
+<p>
+Flags passed to <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-sync" title="g_spawn_sync ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_sync()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async" title="g_spawn_async ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async()</code></a> and <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async_with_pipes()</code></a>.
+</p>
+<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
+<col align="left" valign="top">
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-LEAVE-DESCRIPTORS-OPEN:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_LEAVE_DESCRIPTORS_OPEN</code></span></p></td>
+<td>the parent's open file descriptors will be
+ inherited by the child; otherwise all descriptors except stdin/stdout/stderr
+ will be closed before calling <code class="function">exec()</code> in the child.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-DO-NOT-REAP-CHILD:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD</code></span></p></td>
+<td>the child will not be automatically reaped; you
+  must use <a class="link" href="glib-The-Main-Event-Loop.html#g-child-watch-add" title="g_child_watch_add ()"><code class="function">g_child_watch_add()</code></a> yourself (or call <code class="function">waitpid()</code>
+  or handle <code class="literal">SIGCHLD</code> yourself), or the child will become a zombie.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH</code></span></p></td>
+<td>
+<code class="literal">argv[0]</code> need not be an absolute path,
+  it will be looked for in the user's <code class="envar">PATH</code>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-STDOUT-TO-DEV-NULL:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL</code></span></p></td>
+<td>the child's standard output will be discarded,
+  instead of going to the same location as the parent's standard output.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-STDERR-TO-DEV-NULL:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL</code></span></p></td>
+<td>the child's standard error will be discarded.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-CHILD-INHERITS-STDIN:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_CHILD_INHERITS_STDIN</code></span></p></td>
+<td>the child will inherit the parent's standard
+  input (by default, the child's standard input is attached to
+  <code class="filename">/dev/null</code>).
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="G-SPAWN-FILE-AND-ARGV-ZERO:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_FILE_AND_ARGV_ZERO</code></span></p></td>
+<td>the first element of <code class="literal">argv</code> is
+  the file to execute, while the remaining elements are the actual argument
+  vector to pass to the file. Normally <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async_with_pipes()</code></a> uses
+  <code class="literal">argv[0]</code> as the file to execute, and passes all of
+  <code class="literal">argv</code> to the child.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table></div>
+</div>
+<hr>
+<div class="refsect2" title="GSpawnChildSetupFunc ()">
+<a name="GSpawnChildSetupFunc"></a><h3>GSpawnChildSetupFunc ()</h3>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">void</span>                (*GSpawnChildSetupFunc)             (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gpointer" title="gpointer"><span class="type">gpointer</span></a> user_data</code></em>);</pre>
+<p>
+Specifies the type of the setup function passed to <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async" title="g_spawn_async ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async()</code></a>,
+<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-sync" title="g_spawn_sync ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_sync()</code></a> and <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async_with_pipes()</code></a>. On POSIX platforms it
+is called in the child after GLib has performed all the setup it plans
+to perform but before calling <code class="function">exec()</code>. On POSIX actions taken in this
+function will thus only affect the child, not the parent.
+</p>
+<p>
+Note that POSIX allows only async-signal-safe functions (see signal(7))
+to be called in the child between <code class="function">fork()</code> and <code class="function">exec()</code>, which drastically
+limits the usefulness of child setup functions.
+</p>
+<p>
+Also note that modifying the environment from the child setup function
+may not have the intended effect, since it will get overridden by
+a non-<a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> <em class="parameter"><code>env</code></em> argument to the <code class="literal">g_spawn...</code> functions.
+</p>
+<p>
+On Windows the function is called in the parent. Its usefulness on
+Windows is thus questionable. In many cases executing the child setup
+function in the parent can have ill effects, and you should be very
+careful when porting software to Windows that uses child setup
+functions.
+</p>
+<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
+<col align="left" valign="top">
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>user_data</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>user data to pass to the function.
+</td>
+</tr></tbody>
+</table></div>
+</div>
+<hr>
+<div class="refsect2" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()">
+<a name="g-spawn-async-with-pipes"></a><h3>g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()</h3>
+<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>            g_spawn_async_with_pipes            (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *working_directory</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **argv</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **envp</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnFlags" title="enum GSpawnFlags"><span class="type">GSpawnFlags</span></a> flags</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnChildSetupFunc" title="GSpawnChildSetupFunc ()"><span class="type">GSpawnChildSetupFunc</span></a> child_setup</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gpointer" title="gpointer"><span class="type">gpointer</span></a> user_data</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-The-Main-Event-Loop.html#GPid" title="GPid"><span class="type">GPid</span></a> *child_pid</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gint" title="gint"><span class="type">gint</span></a> *standard_input</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gint" title="gint"><span class="type">gint</span></a> *standard_output</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gint" title="gint"><span class="type">gint</span></a> *standard_error</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);</pre>
+<p>
+Executes a child program asynchronously (your program will not
+block waiting for the child to exit). The child program is
+specified by the only argument that must be provided, <em class="parameter"><code>argv</code></em>. <em class="parameter"><code>argv</code></em>
+should be a <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>-terminated array of strings, to be passed as the
+argument vector for the child. The first string in <em class="parameter"><code>argv</code></em> is of
+course the name of the program to execute. By default, the name of
+the program must be a full path; the <code class="envar">PATH</code> shell variable
+will only be searched if you pass the <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH</code></a> flag.
+</p>
+<p>
+On Windows, note that all the string or string vector arguments to
+this function and the other g_spawn*() functions are in UTF-8, the
+GLib file name encoding. Unicode characters that are not part of
+the system codepage passed in these arguments will be correctly
+available in the spawned program only if it uses wide character API
+to retrieve its command line. For C programs built with Microsoft's
+tools it is enough to make the program have a <code class="function">wmain()</code> instead of
+<code class="function">main()</code>. <code class="function">wmain()</code> has a wide character argument vector as parameter.
+</p>
+<p>
+At least currently, mingw doesn't support <code class="function">wmain()</code>, so if you use
+mingw to develop the spawned program, it will have to call the
+undocumented function <code class="function">__wgetmainargs()</code> to get the wide character
+argument vector and environment. See gspawn-win32-helper.c in the
+GLib sources or init.c in the mingw runtime sources for a prototype
+for that function. Alternatively, you can retrieve the Win32 system
+level wide character command line passed to the spawned program
+using the <code class="function">GetCommandLineW()</code> function.
+</p>
+<p>
+On Windows the low-level child process creation API
+<code class="function"><code class="function">CreateProcess()</code></code> doesn't use argument vectors,
+but a command line. The C runtime library's
+<code class="function">spawn*()</code> family of functions (which
+<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async_with_pipes()</code></a> eventually calls) paste the argument
+vector elements together into a command line, and the C runtime startup code
+does a corresponding reconstruction of an argument vector from the
+command line, to be passed to <code class="function">main()</code>. Complications arise when you have
+argument vector elements that contain spaces of double quotes. The
+<code class="function">spawn*()</code> functions don't do any quoting or
+escaping, but on the other hand the startup code does do unquoting
+and unescaping in order to enable receiving arguments with embedded
+spaces or double quotes. To work around this asymmetry,
+<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async_with_pipes()</code></a> will do quoting and escaping on argument
+vector elements that need it before calling the C runtime
+<code class="function">spawn()</code> function.
+</p>
+<p>
+The returned <em class="parameter"><code>child_pid</code></em> on Windows is a handle to the child
+process, not its identifier. Process handles and process
+identifiers are different concepts on Windows.
+</p>
+<p>
+<em class="parameter"><code>envp</code></em> is a <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>-terminated array of strings, where each string
+has the form <code class="literal">KEY=VALUE</code>. This will become
+the child's environment. If <em class="parameter"><code>envp</code></em> is <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>, the child inherits its
+parent's environment.
+</p>
+<p>
+<em class="parameter"><code>flags</code></em> should be the bitwise OR of any flags you want to affect the
+function's behaviour. The <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-DO-NOT-REAP-CHILD:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD</code></a> means that
+the child will not automatically be reaped; you must use a
+<span class="type">GChildWatch</span> source to be notified about the death of the child
+process. Eventually you must call <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-close-pid" title="g_spawn_close_pid ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_close_pid()</code></a> on the
+<em class="parameter"><code>child_pid</code></em>, in order to free resources which may be associated
+with the child process. (On Unix, using a <span class="type">GChildWatch</span> source is
+equivalent to calling <code class="function">waitpid()</code> or handling the <code class="literal">SIGCHLD</code> signal
+manually. On Windows, calling <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-close-pid" title="g_spawn_close_pid ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_close_pid()</code></a> is equivalent
+to calling <code class="function">CloseHandle()</code> on the process handle returned in
+<em class="parameter"><code>child_pid</code></em>).
+</p>
+<p>
+<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-LEAVE-DESCRIPTORS-OPEN:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_LEAVE_DESCRIPTORS_OPEN</code></a> means that the parent's open file
+descriptors will be inherited by the child; otherwise all
+descriptors except stdin/stdout/stderr will be closed before
+calling <code class="function">exec()</code> in the child. <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH</code></a>
+means that <code class="literal">argv[0]</code> need not be an absolute path, it
+will be looked for in the user's <code class="envar">PATH</code>.
+<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-STDOUT-TO-DEV-NULL:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL</code></a> means that the child's standard output will
+be discarded, instead of going to the same location as the parent's
+standard output. If you use this flag, <em class="parameter"><code>standard_output</code></em> must be <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>.
+<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-STDERR-TO-DEV-NULL:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL</code></a> means that the child's standard error
+will be discarded, instead of going to the same location as the parent's
+standard error. If you use this flag, <em class="parameter"><code>standard_error</code></em> must be <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>.
+<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-CHILD-INHERITS-STDIN:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_CHILD_INHERITS_STDIN</code></a> means that the child will inherit the parent's
+standard input (by default, the child's standard input is attached to
+/dev/null). If you use this flag, <em class="parameter"><code>standard_input</code></em> must be <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>.
+<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-FILE-AND-ARGV-ZERO:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_FILE_AND_ARGV_ZERO</code></a> means that the first element of <em class="parameter"><code>argv</code></em> is
+the file to execute, while the remaining elements are the
+actual argument vector to pass to the file. Normally
+<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async_with_pipes()</code></a> uses <em class="parameter"><code>argv</code></em>[0] as the file to execute, and
+passes all of <em class="parameter"><code>argv</code></em> to the child.
+</p>
+<p>
+<em class="parameter"><code>child_setup</code></em> and <em class="parameter"><code>user_data</code></em> are a function and user data. On POSIX
+platforms, the function is called in the child after GLib has
+performed all the setup it plans to perform (including creating
+pipes, closing file descriptors, etc.) but before calling
+<code class="function">exec()</code>. That is, <em class="parameter"><code>child_setup</code></em> is called just
+before calling <code class="function">exec()</code> in the child. Obviously
+actions taken in this function will only affect the child, not the
+parent.
+</p>
+<p>
+On Windows, there is no separate <code class="function">fork()</code> and <code class="function">exec()</code>
+functionality. Child processes are created and run with a single
+API call, <code class="function">CreateProcess()</code>. There is no sensible thing <em class="parameter"><code>child_setup</code></em>
+could be used for on Windows so it is ignored and not called.
+</p>
+<p>
+If non-<a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>, <em class="parameter"><code>child_pid</code></em> will on Unix be filled with the child's
+process ID. You can use the process ID to send signals to the
+child, or to use <a class="link" href="glib-The-Main-Event-Loop.html#g-child-watch-add" title="g_child_watch_add ()"><code class="function">g_child_watch_add()</code></a> (or <code class="function">waitpid()</code>) if you specified the
+<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-DO-NOT-REAP-CHILD:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD</code></a> flag. On Windows, <em class="parameter"><code>child_pid</code></em> will be
+filled with a handle to the child process only if you specified the
+<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-DO-NOT-REAP-CHILD:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD</code></a> flag. You can then access the child
+process using the Win32 API, for example wait for its termination
+with the <code class="function">WaitFor*()</code> functions, or examine its
+exit code with <code class="function">GetExitCodeProcess()</code>. You should close the handle
+with <code class="function">CloseHandle()</code> or <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-close-pid" title="g_spawn_close_pid ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_close_pid()</code></a> when you no longer need it.
+</p>
+<p>
+If non-<a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>, the <em class="parameter"><code>standard_input</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>standard_output</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>standard_error</code></em>
+locations will be filled with file descriptors for writing to the child's
+standard input or reading from its standard output or standard error.
+The caller of <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async_with_pipes()</code></a> must close these file descriptors
+when they are no longer in use. If these parameters are <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>, the corresponding
+pipe won't be created.
+</p>
+<p>
+If <em class="parameter"><code>standard_input</code></em> is NULL, the child's standard input is attached to
+/dev/null unless <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-CHILD-INHERITS-STDIN:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_CHILD_INHERITS_STDIN</code></a> is set.
+</p>
+<p>
+If <em class="parameter"><code>standard_error</code></em> is NULL, the child's standard error goes to the same
+location as the parent's standard error unless <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-STDERR-TO-DEV-NULL:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL</code></a>
+is set.
+</p>
+<p>
+If <em class="parameter"><code>standard_output</code></em> is NULL, the child's standard output goes to the same
+location as the parent's standard output unless <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-STDOUT-TO-DEV-NULL:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL</code></a>
+is set.
+</p>
+<p>
+<em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em> can be <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to ignore errors, or non-<a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to report errors.
+If an error is set, the function returns <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#FALSE:CAPS" title="FALSE"><code class="literal">FALSE</code></a>. Errors
+are reported even if they occur in the child (for example if the
+executable in <code class="literal">argv[0]</code> is not found). Typically
+the <code class="literal">message</code> field of returned errors should be displayed
+to users. Possible errors are those from the <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-ERROR:CAPS" title="G_SPAWN_ERROR"><span class="type">G_SPAWN_ERROR</span></a> domain.
+</p>
+<p>
+If an error occurs, <em class="parameter"><code>child_pid</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>standard_input</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>standard_output</code></em>,
+and <em class="parameter"><code>standard_error</code></em> will not be filled with valid values.
+</p>
+<p>
+If <em class="parameter"><code>child_pid</code></em> is not <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> and an error does not occur then the returned
+process reference must be closed using <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-close-pid" title="g_spawn_close_pid ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_close_pid()</code></a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+</p>
+<div class="note" title="Note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
+<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
+<p>
+If you are writing a GTK+ application, and the program you
+are spawning is a graphical application, too, then you may
+want to use <code class="function">gdk_spawn_on_screen_with_pipes()</code> instead to ensure that
+the spawned program opens its windows on the right screen.
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>
+</p>
+<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
+<col align="left" valign="top">
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>working_directory</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>child's current working directory, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to inherit parent's, in the GLib file name encoding
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>argv</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>child's argument vector, in the GLib file name encoding
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>envp</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>child's environment, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to inherit parent's, in the GLib file name encoding
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>flags</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>flags from <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnFlags" title="enum GSpawnFlags"><span class="type">GSpawnFlags</span></a>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>child_setup</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>function to run in the child just before <code class="function">exec()</code>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>user_data</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>user data for <em class="parameter"><code>child_setup</code></em>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>child_pid</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>return location for child process ID, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>standard_input</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>return location for file descriptor to write to child's stdin, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>standard_output</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>return location for file descriptor to read child's stdout, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>standard_error</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>return location for file descriptor to read child's stderr, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>return location for error
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
+<td> <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#TRUE:CAPS" title="TRUE"><code class="literal">TRUE</code></a> on success, <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#FALSE:CAPS" title="FALSE"><code class="literal">FALSE</code></a> if an error was set
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table></div>
+</div>
+<hr>
+<div class="refsect2" title="g_spawn_async ()">
+<a name="g-spawn-async"></a><h3>g_spawn_async ()</h3>
+<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>            g_spawn_async                       (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *working_directory</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **argv</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **envp</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnFlags" title="enum GSpawnFlags"><span class="type">GSpawnFlags</span></a> flags</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnChildSetupFunc" title="GSpawnChildSetupFunc ()"><span class="type">GSpawnChildSetupFunc</span></a> child_setup</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gpointer" title="gpointer"><span class="type">gpointer</span></a> user_data</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-The-Main-Event-Loop.html#GPid" title="GPid"><span class="type">GPid</span></a> *child_pid</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);</pre>
+<p>
+See <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async_with_pipes()</code></a> for a full description; this function
+simply calls the <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async_with_pipes()</code></a> without any pipes.
+</p>
+<p>
+You should call <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-close-pid" title="g_spawn_close_pid ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_close_pid()</code></a> on the returned child process
+reference when you don't need it any more.
+</p>
+<p>
+</p>
+<div class="note" title="Note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
+<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
+<p>
+If you are writing a GTK+ application, and the program you
+are spawning is a graphical application, too, then you may
+want to use <code class="function">gdk_spawn_on_screen()</code> instead to ensure that
+the spawned program opens its windows on the right screen.
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>
+</p>
+<p>
+</p>
+<div class="note" title="Note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
+<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
+<p> Note that the returned <em class="parameter"><code>child_pid</code></em> on Windows is a
+handle to the child process and not its identifier. Process handles
+and process identifiers are different concepts on Windows.
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>
+</p>
+<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
+<col align="left" valign="top">
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>working_directory</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>child's current working directory, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to inherit parent's
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>argv</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>child's argument vector
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>envp</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>child's environment, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to inherit parent's
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>flags</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>flags from <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnFlags" title="enum GSpawnFlags"><span class="type">GSpawnFlags</span></a>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>child_setup</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>function to run in the child just before <code class="function">exec()</code>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>user_data</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>user data for <em class="parameter"><code>child_setup</code></em>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>child_pid</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>return location for child process reference, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>return location for error
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
+<td> <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#TRUE:CAPS" title="TRUE"><code class="literal">TRUE</code></a> on success, <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#FALSE:CAPS" title="FALSE"><code class="literal">FALSE</code></a> if error is set
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table></div>
+</div>
+<hr>
+<div class="refsect2" title="g_spawn_sync ()">
+<a name="g-spawn-sync"></a><h3>g_spawn_sync ()</h3>
+<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>            g_spawn_sync                        (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *working_directory</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **argv</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **envp</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnFlags" title="enum GSpawnFlags"><span class="type">GSpawnFlags</span></a> flags</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnChildSetupFunc" title="GSpawnChildSetupFunc ()"><span class="type">GSpawnChildSetupFunc</span></a> child_setup</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gpointer" title="gpointer"><span class="type">gpointer</span></a> user_data</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **standard_output</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **standard_error</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gint" title="gint"><span class="type">gint</span></a> *exit_status</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);</pre>
+<p>
+Executes a child synchronously (waits for the child to exit before returning).
+All output from the child is stored in <em class="parameter"><code>standard_output</code></em> and <em class="parameter"><code>standard_error</code></em>,
+if those parameters are non-<a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>. Note that you must set the
+<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-STDOUT-TO-DEV-NULL:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL</code></a> and <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-STDERR-TO-DEV-NULL:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL</code></a> flags when
+passing <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> for <em class="parameter"><code>standard_output</code></em> and <em class="parameter"><code>standard_error</code></em>.
+If <em class="parameter"><code>exit_status</code></em> is non-<a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>, the exit status of the child is stored
+there as it would be returned by <code class="function">waitpid()</code>; standard UNIX macros such
+as <code class="function">WIFEXITED()</code> and <code class="function">WEXITSTATUS()</code> must be used to evaluate the exit status.
+Note that this function call <code class="function">waitpid()</code> even if <em class="parameter"><code>exit_status</code></em> is <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>, and
+does not accept the <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-DO-NOT-REAP-CHILD:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD</code></a> flag.
+If an error occurs, no data is returned in <em class="parameter"><code>standard_output</code></em>,
+<em class="parameter"><code>standard_error</code></em>, or <em class="parameter"><code>exit_status</code></em>.
+</p>
+<p>
+This function calls <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async_with_pipes()</code></a> internally; see that
+function for full details on the other parameters and details on
+how these functions work on Windows.
+</p>
+<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
+<col align="left" valign="top">
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>working_directory</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>child's current working directory, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to inherit parent's
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>argv</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>child's argument vector
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>envp</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>child's environment, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to inherit parent's
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>flags</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>flags from <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnFlags" title="enum GSpawnFlags"><span class="type">GSpawnFlags</span></a>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>child_setup</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>function to run in the child just before <code class="function">exec()</code>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>user_data</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>user data for <em class="parameter"><code>child_setup</code></em>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>standard_output</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>return location for child output, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>standard_error</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>return location for child error messages, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>exit_status</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>return location for child exit status, as returned by <code class="function">waitpid()</code>, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>return location for error, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
+<td> <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#TRUE:CAPS" title="TRUE"><code class="literal">TRUE</code></a> on success, <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#FALSE:CAPS" title="FALSE"><code class="literal">FALSE</code></a> if an error was set.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table></div>
+</div>
+<hr>
+<div class="refsect2" title="g_spawn_command_line_async ()">
+<a name="g-spawn-command-line-async"></a><h3>g_spawn_command_line_async ()</h3>
+<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>            g_spawn_command_line_async          (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *command_line</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);</pre>
+<p>
+A simple version of <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async" title="g_spawn_async ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async()</code></a> that parses a command line with
+<a class="link" href="glib-Shell-related-Utilities.html#g-shell-parse-argv" title="g_shell_parse_argv ()"><code class="function">g_shell_parse_argv()</code></a> and passes it to <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async" title="g_spawn_async ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async()</code></a>. Runs a
+command line in the background. Unlike <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async" title="g_spawn_async ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async()</code></a>, the
+<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH</code></a> flag is enabled, other flags are not. Note
+that <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH</code></a> can have security implications, so
+consider using <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async" title="g_spawn_async ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async()</code></a> directly if appropriate. Possible
+errors are those from <a class="link" href="glib-Shell-related-Utilities.html#g-shell-parse-argv" title="g_shell_parse_argv ()"><code class="function">g_shell_parse_argv()</code></a> and <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async" title="g_spawn_async ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async()</code></a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+The same concerns on Windows apply as for <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-command-line-sync" title="g_spawn_command_line_sync ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_command_line_sync()</code></a>.
+</p>
+<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
+<col align="left" valign="top">
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>command_line</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>a command line
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>return location for errors
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
+<td> <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#TRUE:CAPS" title="TRUE"><code class="literal">TRUE</code></a> on success, <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#FALSE:CAPS" title="FALSE"><code class="literal">FALSE</code></a> if error is set.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table></div>
+</div>
+<hr>
+<div class="refsect2" title="g_spawn_command_line_sync ()">
+<a name="g-spawn-command-line-sync"></a><h3>g_spawn_command_line_sync ()</h3>
+<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>            g_spawn_command_line_sync           (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *command_line</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **standard_output</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **standard_error</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gint" title="gint"><span class="type">gint</span></a> *exit_status</code></em>,
+                                                         <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);</pre>
+<p>
+A simple version of <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-sync" title="g_spawn_sync ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_sync()</code></a> with little-used parameters
+removed, taking a command line instead of an argument vector.  See
+<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-sync" title="g_spawn_sync ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_sync()</code></a> for full details. <em class="parameter"><code>command_line</code></em> will be parsed by
+<a class="link" href="glib-Shell-related-Utilities.html#g-shell-parse-argv" title="g_shell_parse_argv ()"><code class="function">g_shell_parse_argv()</code></a>. Unlike <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-sync" title="g_spawn_sync ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_sync()</code></a>, the <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH</code></a> flag
+is enabled. Note that <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH</code></a> can have security
+implications, so consider using <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-sync" title="g_spawn_sync ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_sync()</code></a> directly if
+appropriate. Possible errors are those from <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-sync" title="g_spawn_sync ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_sync()</code></a> and those
+from <a class="link" href="glib-Shell-related-Utilities.html#g-shell-parse-argv" title="g_shell_parse_argv ()"><code class="function">g_shell_parse_argv()</code></a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+If <em class="parameter"><code>exit_status</code></em> is non-<a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>, the exit status of the child is stored there as
+it would be returned by <code class="function">waitpid()</code>; standard UNIX macros such as <code class="function">WIFEXITED()</code>
+and <code class="function">WEXITSTATUS()</code> must be used to evaluate the exit status.
+</p>
+<p>
+On Windows, please note the implications of <a class="link" href="glib-Shell-related-Utilities.html#g-shell-parse-argv" title="g_shell_parse_argv ()"><code class="function">g_shell_parse_argv()</code></a>
+parsing <em class="parameter"><code>command_line</code></em>. Parsing is done according to Unix shell rules, not
+Windows command interpreter rules.
+Space is a separator, and backslashes are
+special. Thus you cannot simply pass a <em class="parameter"><code>command_line</code></em> containing
+canonical Windows paths, like "c:\\program files\\app\\app.exe", as
+the backslashes will be eaten, and the space will act as a
+separator. You need to enclose such paths with single quotes, like
+"'c:\\program files\\app\\app.exe' 'e:\\folder\\argument.txt'".
+</p>
+<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
+<col align="left" valign="top">
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>command_line</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>a command line
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>standard_output</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>return location for child output
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>standard_error</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>return location for child errors
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>exit_status</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>return location for child exit status, as returned by <code class="function">waitpid()</code>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>return location for errors
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
+<td> <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#TRUE:CAPS" title="TRUE"><code class="literal">TRUE</code></a> on success, <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#FALSE:CAPS" title="FALSE"><code class="literal">FALSE</code></a> if an error was set
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table></div>
+</div>
+<hr>
+<div class="refsect2" title="g_spawn_close_pid ()">
+<a name="g-spawn-close-pid"></a><h3>g_spawn_close_pid ()</h3>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">void</span>                g_spawn_close_pid                   (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-The-Main-Event-Loop.html#GPid" title="GPid"><span class="type">GPid</span></a> pid</code></em>);</pre>
+<p>
+On some platforms, notably Windows, the <a class="link" href="glib-The-Main-Event-Loop.html#GPid" title="GPid"><span class="type">GPid</span></a> type represents a resource
+which must be closed to prevent resource leaking. <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-close-pid" title="g_spawn_close_pid ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_close_pid()</code></a>
+is provided for this purpose. It should be used on all platforms, even
+though it doesn't do anything under UNIX.
+</p>
+<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
+<col align="left" valign="top">
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>pid</code></em> :</span></p></td>
+<td>The process reference to close
+</td>
+</tr></tbody>
+</table></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="footer">
+<hr>
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