asana2flowdock 1.0.0

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sequel-4.15.0/lib/sequel/dataset/sql.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1555 @@
+module Sequel
+  class Dataset
+    # ---------------------
+    # :section: 3 - User Methods relating to SQL Creation
+    # These are methods you can call to see what SQL will be generated by the dataset.
+    # ---------------------
+    
+    # Returns an EXISTS clause for the dataset as an SQL::PlaceholderLiteralString.
+    #
+    #   DB.select(1).where(DB[:items].exists)
+    #   # SELECT 1 WHERE (EXISTS (SELECT * FROM items))
+    def exists
+      SQL::PlaceholderLiteralString.new(EXISTS, [self], true)
+    end
+    
+    # Returns an INSERT SQL query string.  See +insert+.
+    #
+    #   DB[:items].insert_sql(:a=>1)
+    #   # => "INSERT INTO items (a) VALUES (1)"
+    def insert_sql(*values)
+      return static_sql(@opts[:sql]) if @opts[:sql]
+
+      check_modification_allowed!
+
+      columns = []
+
+      case values.size
+      when 0
+        return insert_sql({})
+      when 1
+        case vals = values.at(0)
+        when Hash
+          values = []
+          vals.each do |k,v| 
+            columns << k
+            values << v
+          end
+        when Dataset, Array, LiteralString
+          values = vals
+        end
+      when 2
+        if (v0 = values.at(0)).is_a?(Array) && ((v1 = values.at(1)).is_a?(Array) || v1.is_a?(Dataset) || v1.is_a?(LiteralString))
+          columns, values = v0, v1
+          raise(Error, "Different number of values and columns given to insert_sql") if values.is_a?(Array) and columns.length != values.length
+        end
+      end
+
+      if values.is_a?(Array) && values.empty? && !insert_supports_empty_values? 
+        columns = [columns().last]
+        values = [DEFAULT]
+      end
+      clone(:columns=>columns, :values=>values).send(:_insert_sql)
+    end
+    
+    # Append a literal representation of a value to the given SQL string.
+    # 
+    # If an unsupported object is given, an +Error+ is raised.
+    def literal_append(sql, v)
+      case v
+      when Symbol
+        if skip_symbol_cache?
+          literal_symbol_append(sql, v)
+        else 
+          unless l = db.literal_symbol(v)
+            l = ''
+            literal_symbol_append(l, v)
+            db.literal_symbol_set(v, l)
+          end
+          sql << l
+        end
+      when String
+        case v
+        when LiteralString
+          sql << v
+        when SQL::Blob
+          literal_blob_append(sql, v)
+        else
+          literal_string_append(sql, v)
+        end
+      when Integer
+        sql << literal_integer(v)
+      when Hash
+        literal_hash_append(sql, v)
+      when SQL::Expression
+        literal_expression_append(sql, v)
+      when Float
+        sql << literal_float(v)
+      when BigDecimal
+        sql << literal_big_decimal(v)
+      when NilClass
+        sql << literal_nil
+      when TrueClass
+        sql << literal_true
+      when FalseClass
+        sql << literal_false
+      when Array
+        literal_array_append(sql, v)
+      when Time
+        v.is_a?(SQLTime) ? literal_sqltime_append(sql, v) : literal_time_append(sql, v)
+      when DateTime
+        literal_datetime_append(sql, v)
+      when Date
+        sql << literal_date(v)
+      when Dataset
+        literal_dataset_append(sql, v)
+      else
+        literal_other_append(sql, v)
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Returns an array of insert statements for inserting multiple records.
+    # This method is used by +multi_insert+ to format insert statements and
+    # expects a keys array and and an array of value arrays.
+    #
+    # This method should be overridden by descendants if the support
+    # inserting multiple records in a single SQL statement.
+    def multi_insert_sql(columns, values)
+      case multi_insert_sql_strategy
+      when :values
+        sql = LiteralString.new('VALUES ')
+        expression_list_append(sql, values.map{|r| Array(r)})
+        [insert_sql(columns, sql)]
+      when :union
+        c = false
+        sql = LiteralString.new('')
+        u = UNION_ALL_SELECT
+        f = empty_from_sql
+        values.each do |v|
+          if c
+            sql << u
+          else
+            sql << SELECT << SPACE
+            c = true
+          end
+          expression_list_append(sql, v)
+          sql << f if f
+        end
+        [insert_sql(columns, sql)]
+      else
+        values.map{|r| insert_sql(columns, r)}
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Same as +select_sql+, not aliased directly to make subclassing simpler.
+    def sql
+      select_sql
+    end
+    
+    # Returns a TRUNCATE SQL query string.  See +truncate+
+    #
+    #   DB[:items].truncate_sql # => 'TRUNCATE items'
+    def truncate_sql
+      if opts[:sql]
+        static_sql(opts[:sql])
+      else
+        check_truncation_allowed!
+        raise(InvalidOperation, "Can't truncate filtered datasets") if opts[:where] || opts[:having]
+        t = ''
+        source_list_append(t, opts[:from])
+        _truncate_sql(t)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Formats an UPDATE statement using the given values.  See +update+.
+    #
+    #   DB[:items].update_sql(:price => 100, :category => 'software')
+    #   # => "UPDATE items SET price = 100, category = 'software'
+    #
+    # Raises an +Error+ if the dataset is grouped or includes more
+    # than one table.
+    def update_sql(values = OPTS)
+      return static_sql(opts[:sql]) if opts[:sql]
+      check_modification_allowed!
+      clone(:values=>values).send(:_update_sql)
+    end
+    
+    # ---------------------
+    # :section: 9 - Internal Methods relating to SQL Creation
+    # These methods, while public, are not designed to be used directly by the end user.
+    # ---------------------
+    
+    # Given a type (e.g. select) and an array of clauses,
+    # return an array of methods to call to build the SQL string.
+    def self.clause_methods(type, clauses)
+      clauses.map{|clause| :"#{type}_#{clause}_sql"}.freeze
+    end
+
+    # Define a dataset literalization method for the given type in the given module,
+    # using the given clauses.
+    #
+    # Arguments:
+    # mod :: Module in which to define method
+    # type :: Type of SQL literalization method to create, either :select, :insert, :update, or :delete
+    # clauses :: array of clauses that make up the SQL query for the type.  This can either be a single
+    #            array of symbols/strings, or it can be an array of pairs, with the first element in
+    #            each pair being an if/elsif/else code fragment, and the second element in each pair
+    #            being an array of symbol/strings for the appropriate branch.
+    def self.def_sql_method(mod, type, clauses)
+      priv = type == :update || type == :insert
+
+      lines = []
+      lines << 'private' if priv
+      lines << "def #{'_' if priv}#{type}_sql"
+      lines << 'if sql = opts[:sql]; return static_sql(sql) end' unless priv
+      lines << 'check_modification_allowed!' if type == :delete
+      lines << 'sql = @opts[:append_sql] || sql_string_origin'
+
+      if clauses.all?{|c| c.is_a?(Array)}
+        clauses.each do |i, cs|
+          lines << i
+          lines.concat(clause_methods(type, cs).map{|x| "#{x}(sql)"}) 
+        end 
+        lines << 'end'
+      else
+        lines.concat(clause_methods(type, clauses).map{|x| "#{x}(sql)"})
+      end
+
+      lines << 'sql'
+      lines << 'end'
+
+      mod.class_eval lines.join("\n"), __FILE__, __LINE__
+    end
+
+    def_sql_method(self, :delete, %w'delete from where')
+    def_sql_method(self, :insert, %w'insert into columns values')
+    def_sql_method(self, :select, %w'with select distinct columns from join where group having compounds order limit lock')
+    def_sql_method(self, :update, %w'update table set where')
+
+    # Map of emulated function names to native function names.
+    EMULATED_FUNCTION_MAP = {}
+
+    WILDCARD = LiteralString.new('*').freeze
+    ALL = ' ALL'.freeze
+    AND_SEPARATOR = " AND ".freeze
+    APOS = "'".freeze
+    APOS_RE = /'/.freeze
+    ARRAY_EMPTY = '(NULL)'.freeze
+    AS = ' AS '.freeze
+    ASC = ' ASC'.freeze
+    BACKSLASH = "\\".freeze
+    BITCOMP_CLOSE = ") - 1)".freeze
+    BITCOMP_OPEN = "((0 - ".freeze
+    BITWISE_METHOD_MAP = {:& =>:BITAND, :| => :BITOR, :^ => :BITXOR}
+    BOOL_FALSE = "'f'".freeze
+    BOOL_TRUE = "'t'".freeze
+    BRACKET_CLOSE =  ']'.freeze
+    BRACKET_OPEN = '['.freeze
+    CASE_ELSE = " ELSE ".freeze
+    CASE_END = " END)".freeze
+    CASE_OPEN = '(CASE'.freeze
+    CASE_THEN = " THEN ".freeze
+    CASE_WHEN = " WHEN ".freeze
+    CAST_OPEN = 'CAST('.freeze
+    COLON = ':'.freeze
+    COLUMN_REF_RE1 = Sequel::COLUMN_REF_RE1
+    COLUMN_REF_RE2 = Sequel::COLUMN_REF_RE2
+    COLUMN_REF_RE3 = Sequel::COLUMN_REF_RE3
+    COMMA = ', '.freeze
+    COMMA_SEPARATOR = COMMA
+    CONDITION_FALSE = '(1 = 0)'.freeze
+    CONDITION_TRUE = '(1 = 1)'.freeze
+    COUNT_FROM_SELF_OPTS = [:distinct, :group, :sql, :limit, :offset, :compounds]
+    COUNT_OF_ALL_AS_COUNT = SQL::Function.new(:count, WILDCARD).as(:count)
+    DATASET_ALIAS_BASE_NAME = 't'.freeze
+    DEFAULT = LiteralString.new('DEFAULT').freeze
+    DEFAULT_VALUES = " DEFAULT VALUES".freeze
+    DELETE = 'DELETE'.freeze
+    DESC = ' DESC'.freeze
+    DISTINCT = " DISTINCT".freeze
+    DOT = '.'.freeze
+    DOUBLE_APOS = "''".freeze
+    DOUBLE_QUOTE = '""'.freeze
+    EQUAL = ' = '.freeze
+    ESCAPE = " ESCAPE ".freeze
+    EXTRACT = 'extract('.freeze
+    EXISTS = ['EXISTS '.freeze].freeze
+    FILTER = " FILTER (WHERE ".freeze
+    FOR_UPDATE = ' FOR UPDATE'.freeze
+    FORMAT_DATE = "'%Y-%m-%d'".freeze
+    FORMAT_DATE_STANDARD = "DATE '%Y-%m-%d'".freeze
+    FORMAT_OFFSET = "%+03i%02i".freeze
+    FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_RE = /%[Nz]/.freeze
+    FORMAT_USEC = '%N'.freeze
+    FRAME_ALL = "ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING".freeze
+    FRAME_ROWS = "ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW".freeze
+    FROM = ' FROM '.freeze
+    FUNCTION_DISTINCT = "DISTINCT ".freeze
+    GROUP_BY = " GROUP BY ".freeze
+    HAVING = " HAVING ".freeze
+    INSERT = "INSERT".freeze
+    INTO = " INTO ".freeze
+    IS_LITERALS = {nil=>'NULL'.freeze, true=>'TRUE'.freeze, false=>'FALSE'.freeze}.freeze
+    IS_OPERATORS = ::Sequel::SQL::ComplexExpression::IS_OPERATORS
+    LATERAL = 'LATERAL '.freeze
+    LIKE_OPERATORS = ::Sequel::SQL::ComplexExpression::LIKE_OPERATORS
+    LIMIT = " LIMIT ".freeze
+    N_ARITY_OPERATORS = ::Sequel::SQL::ComplexExpression::N_ARITY_OPERATORS
+    NOT_SPACE = 'NOT '.freeze
+    NULL = "NULL".freeze
+    NULLS_FIRST = " NULLS FIRST".freeze
+    NULLS_LAST = " NULLS LAST".freeze
+    OFFSET = " OFFSET ".freeze
+    ON = ' ON '.freeze
+    ON_PAREN = " ON (".freeze
+    ORDER_BY = " ORDER BY ".freeze
+    ORDER_BY_NS = "ORDER BY ".freeze
+    OVER = ' OVER '.freeze
+    PAREN_CLOSE = ')'.freeze
+    PAREN_OPEN = '('.freeze
+    PAREN_SPACE_OPEN = ' ('.freeze
+    PARTITION_BY = "PARTITION BY ".freeze
+    QUALIFY_KEYS = [:select, :where, :having, :order, :group]
+    QUESTION_MARK = '?'.freeze
+    QUESTION_MARK_RE = /\?/.freeze
+    QUOTE = '"'.freeze
+    QUOTE_RE = /"/.freeze
+    RETURNING = " RETURNING ".freeze
+    SELECT = 'SELECT'.freeze
+    SET = ' SET '.freeze
+    SPACE = ' '.freeze
+    SQL_WITH = "WITH ".freeze
+    SPACE_WITH = " WITH ".freeze
+    TILDE = '~'.freeze
+    TIMESTAMP_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%N%z'".freeze
+    STANDARD_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT = "TIMESTAMP #{TIMESTAMP_FORMAT}".freeze
+    TWO_ARITY_OPERATORS = ::Sequel::SQL::ComplexExpression::TWO_ARITY_OPERATORS
+    REGEXP_OPERATORS = ::Sequel::SQL::ComplexExpression::REGEXP_OPERATORS
+    UNDERSCORE = '_'.freeze
+    UPDATE = 'UPDATE'.freeze
+    USING = ' USING ('.freeze
+    UNION_ALL_SELECT = ' UNION ALL SELECT '.freeze
+    VALUES = " VALUES ".freeze
+    WHERE = " WHERE ".freeze
+    WITH_ORDINALITY = " WITH ORDINALITY".freeze
+    WITHIN_GROUP = " WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY ".freeze
+
+    DATETIME_SECFRACTION_ARG = RUBY_VERSION >= '1.9.0' ? 1000000 : 86400000000
+
+    [:literal, :quote_identifier, :quote_schema_table].each do |meth|
+      class_eval(<<-END, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+        def #{meth}(*args, &block)
+          s = ''
+          #{meth}_append(s, *args, &block)
+          s
+        end
+      END
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of aliased expression to SQL string.
+    def aliased_expression_sql_append(sql, ae)
+      literal_append(sql, ae.expression)
+      as_sql_append(sql, ae.alias, ae.columns)
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of array to SQL string.
+    def array_sql_append(sql, a)
+      if a.empty?
+        sql << ARRAY_EMPTY
+      else
+        sql << PAREN_OPEN
+        expression_list_append(sql, a)
+        sql << PAREN_CLOSE
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of boolean constant to SQL string.
+    def boolean_constant_sql_append(sql, constant)
+      if (constant == true || constant == false) && !supports_where_true?
+        sql << (constant == true ? CONDITION_TRUE : CONDITION_FALSE)
+      else
+        literal_append(sql, constant)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of case expression to SQL string.
+    def case_expression_sql_append(sql, ce)
+      sql << CASE_OPEN
+      if ce.expression?
+        sql << SPACE
+        literal_append(sql, ce.expression)
+      end
+      w = CASE_WHEN
+      t = CASE_THEN
+      ce.conditions.each do |c,r|
+        sql << w
+        literal_append(sql, c)
+        sql << t
+        literal_append(sql, r)
+      end
+      sql << CASE_ELSE
+      literal_append(sql, ce.default)
+      sql << CASE_END
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of cast expression to SQL string.
+    def cast_sql_append(sql, expr, type)
+      sql << CAST_OPEN
+      literal_append(sql, expr)
+      sql << AS << db.cast_type_literal(type).to_s
+      sql << PAREN_CLOSE
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of column all selection to SQL string.
+    def column_all_sql_append(sql, ca)
+      qualified_identifier_sql_append(sql, ca.table, WILDCARD)
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of complex expression to SQL string.
+    def complex_expression_sql_append(sql, op, args)
+      case op
+      when *IS_OPERATORS
+        r = args.at(1)
+        if r.nil? || supports_is_true?
+          raise(InvalidOperation, 'Invalid argument used for IS operator') unless val = IS_LITERALS[r]
+          sql << PAREN_OPEN
+          literal_append(sql, args.at(0))
+          sql << SPACE << op.to_s << SPACE
+          sql << val << PAREN_CLOSE
+        elsif op == :IS
+          complex_expression_sql_append(sql, :"=", args)
+        else
+          complex_expression_sql_append(sql, :OR, [SQL::BooleanExpression.new(:"!=", *args), SQL::BooleanExpression.new(:IS, args.at(0), nil)])
+        end
+      when :IN, :"NOT IN"
+        cols = args.at(0)
+        vals = args.at(1)
+        col_array = true if cols.is_a?(Array)
+        if vals.is_a?(Array)
+          val_array = true
+          empty_val_array = vals == []
+        end
+        if empty_val_array
+          literal_append(sql, empty_array_value(op, cols))
+        elsif col_array
+          if !supports_multiple_column_in?
+            if val_array
+              expr = SQL::BooleanExpression.new(:OR, *vals.to_a.map{|vs| SQL::BooleanExpression.from_value_pairs(cols.to_a.zip(vs).map{|c, v| [c, v]})})
+              literal_append(sql, op == :IN ? expr : ~expr)
+            else
+              old_vals = vals
+              vals = vals.naked if vals.is_a?(Sequel::Dataset)
+              vals = vals.to_a
+              val_cols = old_vals.columns
+              complex_expression_sql_append(sql, op, [cols, vals.map!{|x| x.values_at(*val_cols)}])
+            end
+          else
+            # If the columns and values are both arrays, use array_sql instead of
+            # literal so that if values is an array of two element arrays, it
+            # will be treated as a value list instead of a condition specifier.
+            sql << PAREN_OPEN
+            literal_append(sql, cols)
+            sql << SPACE << op.to_s << SPACE
+            if val_array
+              array_sql_append(sql, vals)
+            else
+              literal_append(sql, vals)
+            end
+            sql << PAREN_CLOSE
+          end
+        else
+          sql << PAREN_OPEN
+          literal_append(sql, cols)
+          sql << SPACE << op.to_s << SPACE
+          literal_append(sql, vals)
+          sql << PAREN_CLOSE
+        end
+      when :LIKE, :'NOT LIKE'
+        sql << PAREN_OPEN
+        literal_append(sql, args.at(0))
+        sql << SPACE << op.to_s << SPACE
+        literal_append(sql, args.at(1))
+        sql << ESCAPE
+        literal_append(sql, BACKSLASH)
+        sql << PAREN_CLOSE
+      when :ILIKE, :'NOT ILIKE'
+        complex_expression_sql_append(sql, (op == :ILIKE ? :LIKE : :"NOT LIKE"), args.map{|v| Sequel.function(:UPPER, v)})
+      when *TWO_ARITY_OPERATORS
+        if REGEXP_OPERATORS.include?(op) && !supports_regexp?
+          raise InvalidOperation, "Pattern matching via regular expressions is not supported on #{db.database_type}"
+        end
+        sql << PAREN_OPEN
+        literal_append(sql, args.at(0))
+        sql << SPACE << op.to_s << SPACE
+        literal_append(sql, args.at(1))
+        sql << PAREN_CLOSE
+      when *N_ARITY_OPERATORS
+        sql << PAREN_OPEN
+        c = false
+        op_str = " #{op} "
+        args.each do |a|
+          sql << op_str if c
+          literal_append(sql, a)
+          c ||= true
+        end
+        sql << PAREN_CLOSE
+      when :NOT
+        sql << NOT_SPACE
+        literal_append(sql, args.at(0))
+      when :NOOP
+        literal_append(sql, args.at(0))
+      when :'B~'
+        sql << TILDE
+        literal_append(sql, args.at(0))
+      when :extract
+        sql << EXTRACT << args.at(0).to_s << FROM
+        literal_append(sql, args.at(1))
+        sql << PAREN_CLOSE
+      else
+        raise(InvalidOperation, "invalid operator #{op}")
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Append literalization of constant to SQL string.
+    def constant_sql_append(sql, constant)
+      sql << constant.to_s
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of delayed evaluation to SQL string,
+    # causing the delayed evaluation proc to be evaluated.
+    def delayed_evaluation_sql_append(sql, delay)
+      if recorder = @opts[:placeholder_literalizer]
+        recorder.use(sql, lambda{delay.call(self)}, nil)
+      else
+        literal_append(sql, delay.call(self))
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of function call to SQL string.
+    def function_sql_append(sql, f)
+      name = f.name
+      opts = f.opts
+
+      if opts[:emulate]
+        if emulate_function?(name)
+          emulate_function_sql_append(sql, f)
+          return
+        end
+
+        name = native_function_name(name) 
+      end
+
+      sql << LATERAL if opts[:lateral]
+
+      case name
+      when SQL::Identifier
+        if supports_quoted_function_names? && opts[:quoted] != false
+          literal_append(sql, name)
+        else
+          sql << name.value.to_s
+        end
+      when SQL::QualifiedIdentifier
+        if supports_quoted_function_names? && opts[:quoted] != false
+          literal_append(sql, name)
+        else
+          sql << split_qualifiers(name).join(DOT)
+        end
+      else
+        if supports_quoted_function_names? && opts[:quoted]
+          quote_identifier_append(sql, name)
+        else
+          sql << name.to_s
+        end
+      end
+
+      sql << PAREN_OPEN
+      if opts[:*]
+        sql << WILDCARD
+      else
+        sql << FUNCTION_DISTINCT if opts[:distinct]
+        expression_list_append(sql, f.args)
+      end
+      sql << PAREN_CLOSE
+
+      if group = opts[:within_group]
+        sql << WITHIN_GROUP
+        expression_list_append(sql, group)
+        sql << PAREN_CLOSE
+      end
+
+      if filter = opts[:filter]
+        sql << FILTER
+        literal_append(sql, filter_expr(filter, &opts[:filter_block]))
+        sql << PAREN_CLOSE
+      end
+
+      if window = opts[:over]
+        sql << OVER
+        window_sql_append(sql, window.opts)
+      end
+
+      if opts[:with_ordinality]
+        sql << WITH_ORDINALITY
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of JOIN clause without ON or USING to SQL string.
+    def join_clause_sql_append(sql, jc)
+      table = jc.table
+      table_alias = jc.table_alias
+      table_alias = nil if table == table_alias && !jc.column_aliases
+      sql << SPACE << join_type_sql(jc.join_type) << SPACE
+      identifier_append(sql, table)
+      as_sql_append(sql, table_alias, jc.column_aliases) if table_alias
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of JOIN ON clause to SQL string.
+    def join_on_clause_sql_append(sql, jc)
+      join_clause_sql_append(sql, jc)
+      sql << ON
+      literal_append(sql, filter_expr(jc.on))
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of JOIN USING clause to SQL string.
+    def join_using_clause_sql_append(sql, jc)
+      join_clause_sql_append(sql, jc)
+      sql << USING
+      column_list_append(sql, jc.using)
+      sql << PAREN_CLOSE
+    end
+    
+    # Append literalization of negative boolean constant to SQL string.
+    def negative_boolean_constant_sql_append(sql, constant)
+      sql << NOT_SPACE
+      boolean_constant_sql_append(sql, constant)
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of ordered expression to SQL string.
+    def ordered_expression_sql_append(sql, oe)
+      literal_append(sql, oe.expression)
+      sql << (oe.descending ? DESC : ASC)
+      case oe.nulls
+      when :first
+        sql << NULLS_FIRST
+      when :last
+        sql << NULLS_LAST
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of placeholder literal string to SQL string.
+    def placeholder_literal_string_sql_append(sql, pls)
+      args = pls.args
+      str = pls.str
+      sql << PAREN_OPEN if pls.parens
+      if args.is_a?(Hash)
+        if args.empty?
+          sql << str
+        else
+          re = /:(#{args.keys.map{|k| Regexp.escape(k.to_s)}.join('|')})\b/
+          loop do
+            previous, q, str = str.partition(re)
+            sql << previous
+            literal_append(sql, args[($1||q[1..-1].to_s).to_sym]) unless q.empty?
+            break if str.empty?
+          end
+        end
+      elsif str.is_a?(Array)
+        len = args.length
+        str.each_with_index do |s, i|
+          sql << s
+          literal_append(sql, args[i]) unless i == len
+        end
+        unless str.length == args.length || str.length == args.length + 1
+          raise Error, "Mismatched number of placeholders (#{str.length}) and placeholder arguments (#{args.length}) when using placeholder array"
+        end
+      else
+        i = -1
+        match_len = args.length - 1
+        loop do
+          previous, q, str = str.partition(QUESTION_MARK)
+          sql << previous
+          literal_append(sql, args.at(i+=1)) unless q.empty?
+          if str.empty?
+            unless i == match_len
+              raise Error, "Mismatched number of placeholders (#{i+1}) and placeholder arguments (#{args.length}) when using placeholder array"
+            end
+            break
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      sql << PAREN_CLOSE if pls.parens
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of qualified identifier to SQL string.
+    # If 3 arguments are given, the 2nd should be the table/qualifier and the third should be
+    # column/qualified.  If 2 arguments are given, the 2nd should be an SQL::QualifiedIdentifier.
+    def qualified_identifier_sql_append(sql, table, column=(c = table.column; table = table.table; c))
+      identifier_append(sql, table)
+      sql << DOT
+      identifier_append(sql, column)
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of unqualified identifier to SQL string.
+    # Adds quoting to identifiers (columns and tables). If identifiers are not
+    # being quoted, returns name as a string.  If identifiers are being quoted
+    # quote the name with quoted_identifier.
+    def quote_identifier_append(sql, name)
+      if name.is_a?(LiteralString)
+        sql << name
+      else
+        name = name.value if name.is_a?(SQL::Identifier)
+        name = input_identifier(name)
+        if quote_identifiers?
+          quoted_identifier_append(sql, name)
+        else
+          sql << name
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of identifier or unqualified identifier to SQL string.
+    def quote_schema_table_append(sql, table)
+      schema, table = schema_and_table(table)
+      if schema
+        quote_identifier_append(sql, schema)
+        sql << DOT
+      end
+      quote_identifier_append(sql, table)
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of quoted identifier to SQL string.
+    # This method quotes the given name with the SQL standard double quote. 
+    # should be overridden by subclasses to provide quoting not matching the
+    # SQL standard, such as backtick (used by MySQL and SQLite).
+    def quoted_identifier_append(sql, name)
+      sql << QUOTE << name.to_s.gsub(QUOTE_RE, DOUBLE_QUOTE) << QUOTE
+    end
+
+    # Split the schema information from the table, returning two strings,
+    # one for the schema and one for the table.  The returned schema may
+    # be nil, but the table will always have a string value.
+    #
+    # Note that this function does not handle tables with more than one
+    # level of qualification (e.g. database.schema.table on Microsoft
+    # SQL Server).
+    def schema_and_table(table_name, sch=nil)
+      sch = sch.to_s if sch
+      case table_name
+      when Symbol
+        s, t, _ = split_symbol(table_name)
+        [s||sch, t]
+      when SQL::QualifiedIdentifier
+        [table_name.table.to_s, table_name.column.to_s]
+      when SQL::Identifier
+        [sch, table_name.value.to_s]
+      when String
+        [sch, table_name]
+      else
+        raise Error, 'table_name should be a Symbol, SQL::QualifiedIdentifier, SQL::Identifier, or String'
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Splits table_name into an array of strings.
+    #
+    #   ds.split_qualifiers(:s) # ['s']
+    #   ds.split_qualifiers(:t__s) # ['t', 's']
+    #   ds.split_qualifiers(Sequel.qualify(:d, :t__s)) # ['d', 't', 's']
+    #   ds.split_qualifiers(Sequel.qualify(:h__d, :t__s)) # ['h', 'd', 't', 's']
+    def split_qualifiers(table_name, *args)
+      case table_name
+      when SQL::QualifiedIdentifier
+        split_qualifiers(table_name.table, nil) + split_qualifiers(table_name.column, nil)
+      else
+        sch, table = schema_and_table(table_name, *args)
+        sch ? [sch, table] : [table]
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of subscripts (SQL array accesses) to SQL string.
+    def subscript_sql_append(sql, s)
+      literal_append(sql, s.f)
+      sql << BRACKET_OPEN
+      if s.sub.length == 1 && (range = s.sub.first).is_a?(Range)
+        literal_append(sql, range.begin)
+        sql << COLON
+        e = range.end
+        e -= 1 if range.exclude_end? && e.is_a?(Integer)
+        literal_append(sql, e)
+      else
+        expression_list_append(sql, s.sub)
+      end
+      sql << BRACKET_CLOSE
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of windows (for window functions) to SQL string.
+    def window_sql_append(sql, opts)
+      raise(Error, 'This dataset does not support window functions') unless supports_window_functions?
+      sql << PAREN_OPEN
+      window, part, order, frame = opts.values_at(:window, :partition, :order, :frame)
+      space = false
+      space_s = SPACE
+      if window
+        literal_append(sql, window)
+        space = true
+      end
+      if part
+        sql << space_s if space
+        sql << PARTITION_BY
+        expression_list_append(sql, Array(part))
+        space = true
+      end
+      if order
+        sql << space_s if space
+        sql << ORDER_BY_NS
+        expression_list_append(sql, Array(order))
+        space = true
+      end
+      case frame
+        when nil
+          # nothing
+        when :all
+          sql << space_s if space
+          sql << FRAME_ALL
+        when :rows
+          sql << space_s if space
+          sql << FRAME_ROWS
+        when String
+          sql << space_s if space
+          sql << frame
+        else
+          raise Error, "invalid window frame clause, should be :all, :rows, a string, or nil"
+      end
+      sql << PAREN_CLOSE
+    end
+
+    protected
+
+    # Return a from_self dataset if an order or limit is specified, so it works as expected
+    # with UNION, EXCEPT, and INTERSECT clauses.
+    def compound_from_self
+      (@opts[:limit] || @opts[:order]) ? from_self : self
+    end
+    
+    private
+
+    # Formats the truncate statement.  Assumes the table given has already been
+    # literalized.
+    def _truncate_sql(table)
+      "TRUNCATE TABLE #{table}"
+    end
+
+    # Returns an appropriate symbol for the alias represented by s.
+    def alias_alias_symbol(s)
+      case s
+      when Symbol
+        s
+      when String
+        s.to_sym
+      when SQL::Identifier
+        s.value.to_s.to_sym
+      else
+        raise Error, "Invalid alias for alias_alias_symbol: #{s.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Returns an appropriate alias symbol for the given object, which can be
+    # a Symbol, String, SQL::Identifier, SQL::QualifiedIdentifier, or
+    # SQL::AliasedExpression.
+    def alias_symbol(sym)
+      case sym
+      when Symbol
+        s, t, a = split_symbol(sym)
+        a || s ? (a || t).to_sym : sym
+      when String
+        sym.to_sym
+      when SQL::Identifier
+        sym.value.to_s.to_sym
+      when SQL::QualifiedIdentifier
+        alias_symbol(sym.column)
+      when SQL::AliasedExpression
+        alias_alias_symbol(sym.alias)
+      else
+        raise Error, "Invalid alias for alias_symbol: #{sym.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Clone of this dataset usable in aggregate operations.  Does
+    # a from_self if dataset contains any parameters that would
+    # affect normal aggregation, or just removes an existing
+    # order if not.
+    def aggregate_dataset
+      options_overlap(COUNT_FROM_SELF_OPTS) ? from_self : unordered
+    end
+
+    # Append aliasing expression to SQL string.
+    def as_sql_append(sql, aliaz, column_aliases=nil)
+      sql << AS
+      quote_identifier_append(sql, aliaz)
+      if column_aliases
+        raise Error, "#{db.database_type} does not support derived column lists" unless supports_derived_column_lists?
+        sql << PAREN_OPEN
+        identifier_list_append(sql, column_aliases)
+        sql << PAREN_CLOSE
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Raise an InvalidOperation exception if deletion is not allowed
+    # for this dataset
+    def check_modification_allowed!
+      raise(InvalidOperation, "Grouped datasets cannot be modified") if opts[:group]
+      raise(InvalidOperation, "Joined datasets cannot be modified") if !supports_modifying_joins? && joined_dataset?
+    end
+
+    # Alias of check_modification_allowed!
+    def check_truncation_allowed!
+      check_modification_allowed!
+    end
+
+    # Append column list to SQL string.
+    # Converts an array of column names into a comma seperated string of 
+    # column names. If the array is empty, a wildcard (*) is returned.
+    def column_list_append(sql, columns)
+      if (columns.nil? || columns.empty?)
+        sql << WILDCARD
+      else
+        expression_list_append(sql, columns)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Yield each pair of arguments to the block, which should
+    # return an object representing the SQL expression for those
+    # two arguments.  For more than two arguments, the first
+    # argument to the block will be result of the previous block call.
+    def complex_expression_arg_pairs(args)
+      case args.length
+      when 1
+        args.at(0)
+      when 2
+        yield args.at(0), args.at(1)
+      else
+        args.inject{|m, a| yield(m, a)}
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Append the literalization of the args using complex_expression_arg_pairs
+    # to the given SQL string, used when database operator/function is 2-ary
+    # where Sequel expression is N-ary.
+    def complex_expression_arg_pairs_append(sql, args, &block)
+      literal_append(sql, complex_expression_arg_pairs(args, &block))
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of complex expression to SQL string, for
+    # operators unsupported by some databases. Used by adapters for databases
+    # that don't support the operators natively.
+    def complex_expression_emulate_append(sql, op, args)
+      case op
+      when :%
+        complex_expression_arg_pairs_append(sql, args){|a, b| Sequel.function(:MOD, a, b)}
+      when :>>
+        complex_expression_arg_pairs_append(sql, args){|a, b| Sequel./(a, Sequel.function(:power, 2, b))}
+      when :<<
+        complex_expression_arg_pairs_append(sql, args){|a, b| Sequel.*(a, Sequel.function(:power, 2, b))}
+      when :&, :|, :^
+        f = BITWISE_METHOD_MAP[op]
+        complex_expression_arg_pairs_append(sql, args){|a, b| Sequel.function(f, a, b)}
+      when :'B~'
+        sql << BITCOMP_OPEN
+        literal_append(sql, args.at(0))
+        sql << BITCOMP_CLOSE
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of dataset used in UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT clause to SQL string.
+    def compound_dataset_sql_append(sql, ds)
+      subselect_sql_append(sql, ds)
+    end
+
+    # The alias to use for datasets, takes a number to make sure the name is unique.
+    def dataset_alias(number)
+      :"#{DATASET_ALIAS_BASE_NAME}#{number}"
+    end
+    
+    # The strftime format to use when literalizing the time.
+    def default_timestamp_format
+      requires_sql_standard_datetimes? ? STANDARD_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT : TIMESTAMP_FORMAT
+    end
+
+    def delete_delete_sql(sql)
+      sql << DELETE
+    end
+
+    def delete_from_sql(sql)
+      if f = @opts[:from]
+        sql << FROM
+        source_list_append(sql, f)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # An SQL FROM clause to use in SELECT statements where the dataset has
+    # no from tables.
+    def empty_from_sql
+      nil
+    end
+
+    # Whether to emulate the function with the given name.  This should only be true
+    # if the emulation goes beyond choosing a function with a different name.
+    def emulate_function?(name)
+      false
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of array of expressions to SQL string.
+    def expression_list_append(sql, columns)
+      c = false
+      co = COMMA
+      columns.each do |col|
+        sql << co if c
+        literal_append(sql, col)
+        c ||= true
+      end
+    end
+
+    # An expression for how to handle an empty array lookup.
+    def empty_array_value(op, cols)
+      c = Array(cols)
+      SQL::BooleanExpression.from_value_pairs(c.zip(c), :AND, op == :IN)
+    end
+    
+    # Format the timestamp based on the default_timestamp_format, with a couple
+    # of modifiers.  First, allow %N to be used for fractions seconds (if the
+    # database supports them), and override %z to always use a numeric offset
+    # of hours and minutes.
+    def format_timestamp(v)
+      v2 = db.from_application_timestamp(v)
+      fmt = default_timestamp_format.gsub(FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_RE) do |m|
+        if m == FORMAT_USEC
+          format_timestamp_usec(v.is_a?(DateTime) ? v.sec_fraction*(DATETIME_SECFRACTION_ARG) : v.usec) if supports_timestamp_usecs?
+        else
+          if supports_timestamp_timezones?
+            # Would like to just use %z format, but it doesn't appear to work on Windows
+            # Instead, the offset fragment is constructed manually
+            minutes = (v2.is_a?(DateTime) ? v2.offset * 1440 : v2.utc_offset/60).to_i
+            format_timestamp_offset(*minutes.divmod(60))
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      v2.strftime(fmt)
+    end
+    
+    # Return the SQL timestamp fragment to use for the timezone offset.
+    def format_timestamp_offset(hour, minute)
+      sprintf(FORMAT_OFFSET, hour, minute)
+    end
+
+    # Return the SQL timestamp fragment to use for the fractional time part.
+    # Should start with the decimal point.  Uses 6 decimal places by default.
+    def format_timestamp_usec(usec)
+      unless (ts = timestamp_precision) == 6
+        usec = usec/(10 ** (6 - ts))
+      end
+      sprintf(".%0#{ts}d", usec)
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of identifier to SQL string, considering regular strings
+    # as SQL identifiers instead of SQL strings.
+    def identifier_append(sql, v)
+      if v.is_a?(String)
+        case v
+        when LiteralString
+          sql << v
+        when SQL::Blob
+          literal_append(sql, v)
+        else
+          quote_identifier_append(sql, v)
+        end
+      else
+        literal_append(sql, v)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of array of identifiers to SQL string.
+    def identifier_list_append(sql, args)
+      c = false
+      comma = COMMA
+      args.each do |a|
+        sql << comma if c
+        identifier_append(sql, a)
+        c ||= true
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Modify the identifier returned from the database based on the
+    # identifier_output_method.
+    def input_identifier(v)
+      (i = identifier_input_method) ? v.to_s.send(i) : v.to_s
+    end
+
+    def insert_into_sql(sql)
+      sql << INTO
+      if (f = @opts[:from]) && f.length == 1
+        identifier_append(sql, unaliased_identifier(f.first))
+      else
+        source_list_append(sql, f)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def insert_columns_sql(sql)
+      columns = opts[:columns]
+      if columns && !columns.empty?
+        sql << PAREN_SPACE_OPEN
+        identifier_list_append(sql, columns)
+        sql << PAREN_CLOSE
+      end 
+    end
+
+    def insert_insert_sql(sql)
+      sql << INSERT
+    end
+
+    def insert_values_sql(sql)
+      case values = opts[:values]
+      when Array
+        if values.empty?
+          sql << DEFAULT_VALUES
+        else
+          sql << VALUES
+          literal_append(sql, values)
+        end
+      when Dataset
+        sql << SPACE
+        subselect_sql_append(sql, values)
+      when LiteralString
+        sql << SPACE << values
+      else
+        raise Error, "Unsupported INSERT values type, should be an Array or Dataset: #{values.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def insert_returning_sql(sql)
+      if opts.has_key?(:returning)
+        sql << RETURNING
+        column_list_append(sql, Array(opts[:returning]))
+      end
+    end
+    alias delete_returning_sql insert_returning_sql
+    alias update_returning_sql insert_returning_sql
+
+    # SQL fragment specifying a JOIN type, converts underscores to
+    # spaces and upcases.
+    def join_type_sql(join_type)
+      "#{join_type.to_s.gsub(UNDERSCORE, SPACE).upcase} JOIN"
+    end
+
+    # Append a literalization of the array to SQL string.
+    # Treats as an expression if an array of all two pairs, or as a SQL array otherwise.
+    def literal_array_append(sql, v)
+      if Sequel.condition_specifier?(v)
+        literal_expression_append(sql, SQL::BooleanExpression.from_value_pairs(v))
+      else
+        array_sql_append(sql, v)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # SQL fragment for BigDecimal
+    def literal_big_decimal(v)
+      d = v.to_s("F")
+      v.nan? || v.infinite? ?  "'#{d}'" : d
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of SQL::Blob to SQL string.
+    def literal_blob_append(sql, v)
+      literal_string_append(sql, v)
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of dataset to SQL string.  Does a subselect inside parantheses.
+    def literal_dataset_append(sql, v)
+      sql << LATERAL if v.opts[:lateral]
+      sql << PAREN_OPEN
+      subselect_sql_append(sql, v)
+      sql << PAREN_CLOSE
+    end
+
+    # SQL fragment for Date, using the ISO8601 format.
+    def literal_date(v)
+      if requires_sql_standard_datetimes?
+        v.strftime(FORMAT_DATE_STANDARD)
+      else
+        v.strftime(FORMAT_DATE)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # SQL fragment for DateTime
+    def literal_datetime(v)
+      format_timestamp(v)
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of DateTime to SQL string.
+    def literal_datetime_append(sql, v)
+      sql << literal_datetime(v)
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of SQL::Expression to SQL string.
+    def literal_expression_append(sql, v)
+      v.to_s_append(self, sql)
+    end
+
+    # SQL fragment for false
+    def literal_false
+      BOOL_FALSE
+    end
+
+    # SQL fragment for Float
+    def literal_float(v)
+      v.to_s
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of Hash to SQL string, treating hash as a boolean expression.
+    def literal_hash_append(sql, v)
+      literal_expression_append(sql, SQL::BooleanExpression.from_value_pairs(v))
+    end
+
+    # SQL fragment for Integer
+    def literal_integer(v)
+      v.to_s
+    end
+
+    # SQL fragment for nil
+    def literal_nil
+      NULL
+    end
+
+    # Append a literalization of the object to the given SQL string.
+    # Calls +sql_literal_append+ if object responds to it, otherwise
+    # calls +sql_literal+ if object responds to it, otherwise raises an error.
+    # If a database specific type is allowed, this should be overriden in a subclass.
+    def literal_other_append(sql, v)
+      if v.respond_to?(:sql_literal_append)
+        v.sql_literal_append(self, sql)
+      elsif v.respond_to?(:sql_literal)
+        sql << v.sql_literal(self)
+      else
+        raise Error, "can't express #{v.inspect} as a SQL literal"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # SQL fragment for Sequel::SQLTime, containing just the time part
+    def literal_sqltime(v)
+      v.strftime("'%H:%M:%S#{format_timestamp_usec(v.usec) if supports_timestamp_usecs?}'")
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of Sequel::SQLTime to SQL string.
+    def literal_sqltime_append(sql, v)
+      sql << literal_sqltime(v)
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of string to SQL string.
+    def literal_string_append(sql, v)
+      sql << APOS << v.gsub(APOS_RE, DOUBLE_APOS) << APOS
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of symbol to SQL string.
+    def literal_symbol_append(sql, v)
+      c_table, column, c_alias = split_symbol(v)
+      if c_table
+        quote_identifier_append(sql, c_table)
+        sql << DOT
+      end
+      quote_identifier_append(sql, column)
+      as_sql_append(sql, c_alias) if c_alias
+    end
+
+    # SQL fragment for Time
+    def literal_time(v)
+      format_timestamp(v)
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of Time to SQL string.
+    def literal_time_append(sql, v)
+      sql << literal_time(v)
+    end
+
+    # SQL fragment for true
+    def literal_true
+      BOOL_TRUE
+    end
+
+    # What strategy to use for import/multi_insert.  While SQL-92 defaults
+    # to allowing multiple rows in a VALUES clause, there are enough databases
+    # that don't allow that that it can't be the default.  Use separate queries
+    # by default, which works everywhere.
+    def multi_insert_sql_strategy
+      :separate
+    end
+
+    # Get the native function name given the emulated function name.
+    def native_function_name(emulated_function)
+      self.class.const_get(:EMULATED_FUNCTION_MAP).fetch(emulated_function, emulated_function)
+    end
+
+    # Returns a qualified column name (including a table name) if the column
+    # name isn't already qualified.
+    def qualified_column_name(column, table)
+      if column.is_a?(Symbol)
+        c_table, column, _ = split_symbol(column)
+        unless c_table
+          case table
+          when Symbol
+            schema, table, t_alias = split_symbol(table)
+            t_alias ||= Sequel::SQL::QualifiedIdentifier.new(schema, table) if schema
+          when Sequel::SQL::AliasedExpression
+            t_alias = table.alias
+          end
+          c_table = t_alias || table
+        end
+        ::Sequel::SQL::QualifiedIdentifier.new(c_table, column)
+      else
+        column
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Qualify the given expression e to the given table.
+    def qualified_expression(e, table)
+      Qualifier.new(self, table).transform(e)
+    end
+
+    def select_columns_sql(sql)
+      sql << SPACE
+      column_list_append(sql, @opts[:select])
+    end
+
+    def select_distinct_sql(sql)
+      if distinct = @opts[:distinct]
+        sql << DISTINCT
+        unless distinct.empty?
+          sql << ON_PAREN
+          expression_list_append(sql, distinct)
+          sql << PAREN_CLOSE
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Modify the sql to add a dataset to the via an EXCEPT, INTERSECT, or UNION clause.
+    # This uses a subselect for the compound datasets used, because using parantheses doesn't
+    # work on all databases.  I consider this an ugly hack, but can't I think of a better default.
+    def select_compounds_sql(sql)
+      return unless c = @opts[:compounds]
+      c.each do |type, dataset, all|
+        sql << SPACE << type.to_s.upcase
+        sql << ALL if all
+        sql << SPACE
+        compound_dataset_sql_append(sql, dataset)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def select_from_sql(sql)
+      if f = @opts[:from]
+        sql << FROM
+        source_list_append(sql, f)
+      elsif f = empty_from_sql
+        sql << f
+      end
+    end
+
+    def select_group_sql(sql)
+      if group = @opts[:group]
+        sql << GROUP_BY
+        if go = @opts[:group_options]
+          if uses_with_rollup?
+            expression_list_append(sql, group)
+            sql << SPACE_WITH << go.to_s.upcase
+          else
+            sql << go.to_s.upcase << PAREN_OPEN
+            expression_list_append(sql, group)
+            sql << PAREN_CLOSE
+          end
+        else
+          expression_list_append(sql, group)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def select_having_sql(sql)
+      if having = @opts[:having]
+        sql << HAVING
+        literal_append(sql, having)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def select_join_sql(sql)
+      if js = @opts[:join]
+        js.each{|j| literal_append(sql, j)}
+      end
+    end
+
+    def select_limit_sql(sql)
+      if l = @opts[:limit]
+        sql << LIMIT
+        literal_append(sql, l)
+        if o = @opts[:offset]
+          sql << OFFSET
+          literal_append(sql, o)
+        end
+      elsif @opts[:offset]
+        select_only_offset_sql(sql)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def select_lock_sql(sql)
+      case l = @opts[:lock]
+      when :update
+        sql << FOR_UPDATE
+      when String
+        sql << SPACE << l
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Used only if there is an offset and no limit, making it easier to override
+    # in the adapter, as many databases do not support just a plain offset with
+    # no limit.
+    def select_only_offset_sql(sql)
+      sql << OFFSET
+      literal_append(sql, @opts[:offset])
+    end
+  
+    def select_order_sql(sql)
+      if o = @opts[:order]
+        sql << ORDER_BY
+        expression_list_append(sql, o)
+      end
+    end
+    alias delete_order_sql select_order_sql
+    alias update_order_sql select_order_sql
+
+    def select_select_sql(sql)
+      sql << SELECT
+    end
+
+    def select_where_sql(sql)
+      if w = @opts[:where]
+        sql << WHERE
+        literal_append(sql, w)
+      end
+    end
+    alias delete_where_sql select_where_sql
+    alias update_where_sql select_where_sql
+    
+    def select_with_sql(sql)
+      return unless supports_cte?
+      ws = opts[:with]
+      return if !ws || ws.empty?
+      sql << select_with_sql_base
+      c = false
+      comma = COMMA
+      ws.each do |w|
+        sql << comma if c
+        quote_identifier_append(sql, w[:name])
+        if args = w[:args]
+         sql << PAREN_OPEN
+         identifier_list_append(sql, args)
+         sql << PAREN_CLOSE
+        end
+        sql << AS
+        literal_dataset_append(sql, w[:dataset])
+        c ||= true
+      end
+      sql << SPACE
+    end
+    alias delete_with_sql select_with_sql
+    alias insert_with_sql select_with_sql
+    alias update_with_sql select_with_sql
+    
+    # The base keyword to use for the SQL WITH clause
+    def select_with_sql_base
+      SQL_WITH
+    end
+
+    # Whether the symbol cache should be skipped when literalizing the dataset
+    def skip_symbol_cache?
+      @skip_symbol_cache
+    end
+
+    # Set the dataset to skip the symbol cache
+    def skip_symbol_cache!
+      @skip_symbol_cache = true
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of array of sources/tables to SQL string, raising an Error if there
+    # are no sources.
+    def source_list_append(sql, sources)
+      raise(Error, 'No source specified for query') if sources.nil? || sources == []
+      identifier_list_append(sql, sources)
+    end
+    
+    # Delegate to Sequel.split_symbol.
+    def split_symbol(sym)
+      Sequel.split_symbol(sym)
+    end
+
+    # The string that is appended to to create the SQL query, the empty
+    # string by default
+    def sql_string_origin
+      ''
+    end
+    
+    # SQL to use if this dataset uses static SQL.  Since static SQL
+    # can be a PlaceholderLiteralString in addition to a String,
+    # we literalize nonstrings.  If there is an append_sql for this
+    # dataset, append to that SQL instead of returning the value.
+    def static_sql(sql)
+      if append_sql = @opts[:append_sql]
+        if sql.is_a?(String)
+          append_sql << sql
+        else
+          literal_append(append_sql, sql)
+        end
+      else
+        if sql.is_a?(String)
+          sql
+        else
+          literal(sql)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Append literalization of the subselect to SQL String.
+    def subselect_sql_append(sql, ds)
+      ds.clone(:append_sql=>sql).sql
+    end
+
+    # The number of decimal digits of precision to use in timestamps.
+    def timestamp_precision
+      supports_timestamp_usecs? ? 6 : 0
+    end
+
+    def update_table_sql(sql)
+      sql << SPACE
+      source_list_append(sql, @opts[:from])
+      select_join_sql(sql) if supports_modifying_joins?
+    end
+
+    def update_set_sql(sql)
+      values = opts[:values]
+      sql << SET
+      if values.is_a?(Hash)
+        c = false
+        eq = EQUAL
+        values.each do |k, v|
+          sql << COMMA if c
+          if k.is_a?(String) && !k.is_a?(LiteralString)
+            quote_identifier_append(sql, k)
+          else
+            literal_append(sql, k)
+          end
+          sql << eq
+          literal_append(sql, v)
+          c ||= true
+        end
+      else
+        sql << values
+      end
+    end
+
+    def update_update_sql(sql)
+      sql << UPDATE
+    end
+  end
+end