anima-core 0.2.1 → 1.0.0

data/skills/activerecord/examples/validations/built_in_validators.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+# ActiveRecord Built-in Validators Examples
+
+# =============================================================================
+# PRESENCE
+# =============================================================================
+
+class User < ApplicationRecord
+  validates :name, presence: true
+  validates :email, :username, presence: true  # Multiple attributes
+end
+
+# Boolean fields - presence doesn't work correctly!
+class Feature < ApplicationRecord
+  # WRONG: false.blank? == true, so this fails for false values
+  # validates :enabled, presence: true
+
+  # CORRECT: Use inclusion for boolean fields
+  validates :enabled, inclusion: { in: [true, false] }
+end
+
+# =============================================================================
+# UNIQUENESS
+# =============================================================================
+
+class Account < ApplicationRecord
+  # Basic uniqueness
+  validates :email, uniqueness: true
+
+  # Case-insensitive
+  validates :username, uniqueness: { case_sensitive: false }
+
+  # Scoped to another column (per-organization uniqueness)
+  validates :employee_id, uniqueness: { scope: :organization_id }
+
+  # Composite scope
+  validates :slug, uniqueness: { scope: [:category_id, :year] }
+
+  # With conditions
+  validates :primary_email, uniqueness: true, if: :primary?
+end
+
+# IMPORTANT: Always add database unique index for race condition safety
+# add_index :accounts, :email, unique: true
+# add_index :accounts, [:organization_id, :employee_id], unique: true
+
+# =============================================================================
+# FORMAT
+# =============================================================================
+
+class Product < ApplicationRecord
+  # Basic format with regex
+  validates :sku, format: { with: /\A[A-Z]{3}-\d{4}\z/ }
+
+  # Email format using Ruby's built-in regex
+  validates :contact_email, format: { with: URI::MailTo::EMAIL_REGEXP }
+
+  # With custom message
+  validates :code, format: {
+    with: /\A[a-z0-9_]+\z/,
+    message: "only allows lowercase letters, numbers, and underscores"
+  }
+
+  # SECURITY: Always use \A and \z, not ^ and $
+  # ^ and $ match line boundaries, vulnerable to injection:
+  #   "valid\nmalicious" would pass /^valid$/
+  # \A and \z match string boundaries, safe:
+  #   "valid\nmalicious" would NOT pass /\Avalid\z/
+end
+
+# =============================================================================
+# LENGTH
+# =============================================================================
+
+class Post < ApplicationRecord
+  validates :title, length: { minimum: 5 }
+  validates :excerpt, length: { maximum: 200 }
+  validates :access_code, length: { is: 8 }
+  validates :username, length: { in: 3..20 }
+
+  # With custom messages
+  validates :password, length: {
+    minimum: 8,
+    maximum: 72,
+    too_short: "must have at least %{count} characters",
+    too_long: "must have at most %{count} characters"
+  }
+
+  # Note: :maximum alone allows nil by default
+  validates :bio, length: { maximum: 500 }  # nil is valid
+  validates :name, length: { minimum: 1 }   # nil is NOT valid
+end
+
+# =============================================================================
+# NUMERICALITY
+# =============================================================================
+
+class Order < ApplicationRecord
+  # Basic numeric validation
+  validates :total, numericality: true
+
+  # Integer only
+  validates :quantity, numericality: { only_integer: true }
+
+  # Comparison operators
+  validates :price, numericality: { greater_than: 0 }
+  validates :discount_percent, numericality: {
+    greater_than_or_equal_to: 0,
+    less_than_or_equal_to: 100
+  }
+
+  # Range
+  validates :rating, numericality: { in: 1..5 }
+
+  # Other than
+  validates :priority, numericality: { other_than: 0 }
+
+  # Odd/even
+  validates :pair_count, numericality: { even: true }
+
+  # Allowing nil (for optional fields)
+  validates :optional_score, numericality: { greater_than: 0 }, allow_nil: true
+end
+
+# =============================================================================
+# INCLUSION / EXCLUSION
+# =============================================================================
+
+class Article < ApplicationRecord
+  # Inclusion - value must be in list
+  validates :status, inclusion: { in: %w[draft published archived] }
+
+  # With custom message
+  validates :size, inclusion: {
+    in: %w[S M L XL],
+    message: "%{value} is not a valid size"
+  }
+
+  # Using proc for dynamic values
+  validates :category, inclusion: {
+    in: -> { Category.active.pluck(:name) }
+  }
+
+  # Exclusion - value must NOT be in list
+  validates :subdomain, exclusion: {
+    in: %w[www admin api],
+    message: "%{value} is reserved"
+  }
+end
+
+# =============================================================================
+# CONFIRMATION
+# =============================================================================
+
+class Registration < ApplicationRecord
+  # Adds virtual password_confirmation attribute
+  validates :password, confirmation: true
+
+  # IMPORTANT: Confirmation field is optional by default!
+  # Add presence validation if confirmation is required
+  validates :password_confirmation, presence: true, if: :password_changed?
+
+  # For email confirmation
+  validates :email, confirmation: true
+  validates :email_confirmation, presence: true, on: :create
+end
+
+# =============================================================================
+# ACCEPTANCE
+# =============================================================================
+
+class Signup < ApplicationRecord
+  # Virtual attribute, validates checkbox was checked
+  validates :terms_of_service, acceptance: true
+
+  # Custom accepted values
+  validates :eula, acceptance: { accept: ["yes", "1", true] }
+
+  # With message
+  validates :age_verification, acceptance: {
+    message: "You must confirm you are 18 or older"
+  }
+end
+
+# =============================================================================
+# COMPARISON
+# =============================================================================
+
+class Event < ApplicationRecord
+  validates :end_date, comparison: { greater_than: :start_date }
+  validates :max_attendees, comparison: { greater_than_or_equal_to: :min_attendees }
+end
+
+class User < ApplicationRecord
+  validates :password, comparison: { other_than: :username }
+end
+
+# =============================================================================
+# ASSOCIATED
+# =============================================================================
+
+class Author < ApplicationRecord
+  has_many :books
+  validates_associated :books  # Validates all books when saving author
+end
+
+class Book < ApplicationRecord
+  belongs_to :author
+  validates :author, presence: true  # Ensure association exists
+
+  # WARNING: Do NOT add validates_associated :author here!
+  # Bidirectional validates_associated causes infinite recursion
+end
+
+# =============================================================================
+# COMBINED VALIDATIONS
+# =============================================================================
+
+class User < ApplicationRecord
+  validates :email,
+    presence: true,
+    uniqueness: { case_sensitive: false },
+    format: { with: URI::MailTo::EMAIL_REGEXP },
+    length: { maximum: 255 }
+
+  validates :password,
+    presence: true,
+    length: { minimum: 8, maximum: 72 },
+    confirmation: true,
+    on: :create
+
+  validates :password_confirmation,
+    presence: true,
+    if: :password_required?
+
+  validates :age,
+    numericality: { greater_than_or_equal_to: 13, only_integer: true },
+    allow_nil: true
+
+  validates :username,
+    presence: true,
+    uniqueness: { case_sensitive: false },
+    length: { in: 3..30 },
+    format: {
+      with: /\A[a-z0-9_]+\z/,
+      message: "only allows lowercase letters, numbers, and underscores"
+    }
+
+  private
+
+  def password_required?
+    new_record? || password.present?
+  end
+end
+
+# =============================================================================
+# COMMON OPTIONS
+# =============================================================================
+
+class Item < ApplicationRecord
+  # allow_nil - skip validation if value is nil
+  validates :optional_code, format: { with: /\A[A-Z]+\z/ }, allow_nil: true
+
+  # allow_blank - skip validation if value is blank (nil, "", " ")
+  validates :notes, length: { minimum: 10 }, allow_blank: true
+
+  # on - specify validation context
+  validates :publish_date, presence: true, on: :publish
+
+  # if/unless - conditional validation
+  validates :reason, presence: true, if: :requires_reason?
+
+  # message - custom error message
+  validates :quantity, numericality: {
+    greater_than: 0,
+    message: "must be positive"
+  }
+end

data/skills/activerecord/examples/validations/conditional_validations.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+# ActiveRecord Conditional Validations Examples
+
+# =============================================================================
+# :if AND :unless OPTIONS
+# =============================================================================
+
+class Order < ApplicationRecord
+  # Symbol method reference (preferred for readability)
+  validates :card_number, presence: true, if: :paid_with_card?
+  validates :check_number, presence: true, if: :paid_with_check?
+  validates :delivery_address, presence: true, unless: :pickup?
+
+  # Lambda/Proc for one-liners
+  validates :discount_code, presence: true,
+    if: -> { promotional_period? && premium_customer? }
+
+  validates :signature, presence: true,
+    unless: -> { total < 100 }
+
+  # Array of conditions (ALL must be true)
+  validates :insurance_number, presence: true,
+    if: [:high_value?, :requires_insurance?, :not_insured?]
+
+  # Mixed array (symbols and procs)
+  validates :manager_approval, presence: true,
+    if: [:large_order?, -> { created_at > 1.day.ago }]
+
+  private
+
+  def paid_with_card?
+    payment_method == "card"
+  end
+
+  def paid_with_check?
+    payment_method == "check"
+  end
+
+  def pickup?
+    delivery_method == "pickup"
+  end
+
+  def promotional_period?
+    Time.current.between?(promo_start, promo_end)
+  end
+
+  def premium_customer?
+    customer&.premium?
+  end
+
+  def high_value?
+    total > 10_000
+  end
+
+  def requires_insurance?
+    items.any?(&:fragile?)
+  end
+
+  def not_insured?
+    !insured?
+  end
+
+  def large_order?
+    items.count > 50
+  end
+end
+
+# =============================================================================
+# with_options - GROUPING VALIDATIONS
+# =============================================================================
+
+class User < ApplicationRecord
+  # Group validations by condition
+  with_options if: :admin? do |admin|
+    admin.validates :password, length: { minimum: 12 }
+    admin.validates :two_factor_enabled, inclusion: { in: [true] }
+    admin.validates :security_question, presence: true
+  end
+
+  with_options if: :guest? do |guest|
+    guest.validates :session_token, presence: true
+    guest.validates :expires_at, presence: true
+  end
+
+  # Nested with_options
+  with_options if: :active? do |active|
+    active.validates :email, presence: true
+    active.validates :last_sign_in_at, presence: true
+
+    active.with_options if: :subscribed? do |subscribed|
+      subscribed.validates :subscription_id, presence: true
+      subscribed.validates :subscription_expires_at, presence: true
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def admin?
+    role == "admin"
+  end
+
+  def guest?
+    role == "guest"
+  end
+
+  def active?
+    status == "active"
+  end
+
+  def subscribed?
+    subscription_status == "active"
+  end
+end
+
+# =============================================================================
+# DYNAMIC allow_nil AND allow_blank
+# =============================================================================
+
+class Profile < ApplicationRecord
+  # Static allow_blank
+  validates :bio, length: { minimum: 50 }, allow_blank: true
+
+  # Dynamic allow_blank with Proc
+  validates :phone, presence: true,
+    allow_blank: -> { signup_step < 3 }
+
+  # Dynamic allow_nil
+  validates :age, numericality: { greater_than: 0 },
+    allow_nil: :optional_age_field?
+
+  private
+
+  def optional_age_field?
+    !requires_age_verification?
+  end
+end
+
+# =============================================================================
+# CONDITIONAL CALLBACKS WITH VALIDATIONS
+# =============================================================================
+
+class Document < ApplicationRecord
+  # Normalize before validation, conditionally
+  before_validation :normalize_title, if: :title_changed?
+  before_validation :set_slug, unless: :slug?
+
+  validates :title, presence: true
+  validates :slug, presence: true, uniqueness: true
+
+  private
+
+  def normalize_title
+    self.title = title.strip.titleize
+  end
+
+  def set_slug
+    self.slug = title.parameterize if title.present?
+  end
+end
+
+# =============================================================================
+# HALTING VALIDATION
+# =============================================================================
+
+class ImportedRecord < ApplicationRecord
+  before_validation :check_skip_validation
+
+  validates :name, presence: true
+  validates :email, format: { with: URI::MailTo::EMAIL_REGEXP }
+
+  attr_accessor :skip_validation
+
+  private
+
+  def check_skip_validation
+    throw(:abort) if skip_validation
+  end
+end
+
+# Usage:
+# record = ImportedRecord.new(skip_validation: true)
+# record.save  # Skips all validations
+
+# =============================================================================
+# COMPLEX CONDITIONAL PATTERNS
+# =============================================================================
+
+class Subscription < ApplicationRecord
+  # Different validations based on plan type
+  validates :credit_card, presence: true, if: :paid_plan?
+  validates :trial_ends_at, presence: true, if: :trial_plan?
+  validates :enterprise_contract_id, presence: true, if: :enterprise_plan?
+
+  # Inverse conditions
+  validates :payment_method, presence: true, unless: :free_plan?
+
+  # Combining positive and negative conditions
+  validates :billing_address, presence: true,
+    if: :requires_billing?,
+    unless: :digital_only?
+
+  private
+
+  def paid_plan?
+    %w[basic pro business].include?(plan_type)
+  end
+
+  def trial_plan?
+    plan_type == "trial"
+  end
+
+  def enterprise_plan?
+    plan_type == "enterprise"
+  end
+
+  def free_plan?
+    plan_type == "free"
+  end
+
+  def requires_billing?
+    paid_plan? || enterprise_plan?
+  end
+
+  def digital_only?
+    products.all?(&:digital?)
+  end
+end
+
+# =============================================================================
+# CONTEXT-AWARE CONDITIONALS
+# =============================================================================
+
+class Article < ApplicationRecord
+  # Different rules based on validation context
+  validates :title, presence: true
+  validates :body, presence: true
+
+  # Only require these fields when publishing
+  validates :meta_description, presence: true,
+    if: -> { validation_context == :publish }
+  validates :featured_image, presence: true,
+    if: -> { validation_context == :publish }
+  validates :published_at, presence: true,
+    if: -> { validation_context == :publish }
+
+  def publish!
+    self.published_at ||= Time.current
+    save!(context: :publish)
+  end
+end
+
+# =============================================================================
+# ANTI-PATTERNS TO AVOID
+# =============================================================================
+
+# ANTI-PATTERN: Overly complex conditionals
+class BadExample < ApplicationRecord
+  # WRONG: Too many conditions, hard to understand
+  validates :field1, presence: true, if: :a?
+  validates :field1, length: { min: 5 }, if: :b?
+  validates :field1, format: { with: /.../ }, unless: :c?
+  validates :field2, presence: true, if: :a?
+  validates :field2, uniqueness: true, if: -> { b? && !d? }
+  # ... more scattered conditionals
+end
+
+# BETTER: Group related validations or use contexts
+class GoodExample < ApplicationRecord
+  # Group by context
+  with_options on: :step_one do
+    validates :field1, :field2, presence: true
+  end
+
+  with_options on: :step_two do
+    validates :field1, length: { minimum: 5 }
+    validates :field2, uniqueness: true
+  end
+
+  # Or use form objects for complex multi-step flows
+end
+
+# ANTI-PATTERN: String evaluation (deprecated, slow)
+class OldStyleExample < ApplicationRecord
+  # WRONG: String evaluation
+  # validates :name, presence: true, if: "admin?"
+
+  # CORRECT: Symbol or proc
+  validates :name, presence: true, if: :admin?
+end