ai4r 1.5 → 1.6

data/site/build/site/en/machineLearning.pdf

@@ -1,337 +0,0 @@
-%PDF-1.3
-%����
-4 0 obj
-<< /Type /Info
-/Producer (FOP 0.20.5) >>
-endobj
-5 0 obj
-<< /Length 672 /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ]
- >>
-stream
-GauI49lo#B&;KZQ'fs3*X%9O-Rq$-S9JY_Vf!i'mJJ[@GZ)B5%o'blT_2:&e-O4Ark`o1!mGhL@4:?$B+V>;t,hiI'qca;a'EKS_rGaUYk2M3E0MY3J,Msh@[GI3,9Z_XDV![1&'.?eGFb)?`9=mW8Ii"ihK6>k3\t5',,^XcV$kMlqbQ'K0YH2aAjfgeWrATXfE-M0e?SY5&%qFcqXfDB;Z<Nd]%?B&O[SY`@lq\8>0)]c:3eo;_-lMr&hc`.Im^N)EpU)k>5HJ]Dp?>tcEU3r?6</^t/\p2,oU9+VBi!i\e$+1.1(iO\=A4F,98lg=XI%*-"RFLS+],$9Mn6/_=X]:i"+Sg<n%ZG$F5c'Z*2_;$k+"ek/A7l'LW0A(44<1!J>0DF;&=74$HT]JK=,+VL:OSs<M`^PLOSodGRab8*<U="eFNt*),4C5d5V3RqA/*C[*H?Y.JG5KqF+$GW2bIg$LPSBcTie8?H#?R)S8Q%3#BneWJss]C8DI7V2n.6;9Stg#Wia=e^3rf18>?$l/dE=JmWq)l+bH4,rCa$I%=YE87I*cK$V9GCI[:lO3poPOn<r3:DfY!P0?6B*LRFaIl(`A[FcM6$cu6P`Y)6X_%`_8]dU]^h7UXn#F0Y<D#qY,kPM]f;"Wps/]p<\jq2Wk@K-KD[['/~>
-endstream
-endobj
-6 0 obj
-<< /Type /Page
-/Parent 1 0 R
-/MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ]
-/Resources 3 0 R
-/Contents 5 0 R
-/Annots 7 0 R
->>
-endobj
-7 0 obj
-[
-8 0 R
-10 0 R
-12 0 R
-14 0 R
-16 0 R
-]
-endobj
-8 0 obj
-<< /Type /Annot
-/Subtype /Link
-/Rect [ 102.0 532.666 252.992 520.666 ]
-/C [ 0 0 0 ]
-/Border [ 0 0 0 ]
-/A 9 0 R
-/H /I
->>
-endobj
-10 0 obj
-<< /Type /Annot
-/Subtype /Link
-/Rect [ 102.0 514.466 442.28 502.466 ]
-/C [ 0 0 0 ]
-/Border [ 0 0 0 ]
-/A 11 0 R
-/H /I
->>
-endobj
-12 0 obj
-<< /Type /Annot
-/Subtype /Link
-/Rect [ 102.0 496.266 201.32 484.266 ]
-/C [ 0 0 0 ]
-/Border [ 0 0 0 ]
-/A 13 0 R
-/H /I
->>
-endobj
-14 0 obj
-<< /Type /Annot
-/Subtype /Link
-/Rect [ 102.0 478.066 254.312 466.066 ]
-/C [ 0 0 0 ]
-/Border [ 0 0 0 ]
-/A 15 0 R
-/H /I
->>
-endobj
-16 0 obj
-<< /Type /Annot
-/Subtype /Link
-/Rect [ 102.0 459.866 276.296 447.866 ]
-/C [ 0 0 0 ]
-/Border [ 0 0 0 ]
-/A 17 0 R
-/H /I
->>
-endobj
-18 0 obj
-<< /Length 1893 /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ]
- >>
-stream
-Gau0D=`<%S&:XAW&GkAjBNUCkY$uU+oL+VGfXBXl+peV1@ViKYkYb=6r;.L;f?fXr0="#s=<s_'^Ua,e2L.0Lr1(8BU,38up^L?HiAY@'ViG8QcM6A]2pN[lM<b:.L]?/5T$OB3W5fo'Sb_?qjS<W_oQBBEl@mp9`-%@ZlF?=RSbc:Q_<ZY.><A14.62IpfoF;:[om-];D&<QZ[TC1k`(p8^C]X-)c`ujB?mn@HWR7:GMM%36@'Uc#Wa]rLtGW%%V<&4[Y0SP*nCC!]]Gc4Snbr1j]Z7bNW`V/itAe)=-#S2.SE3RFb\a?e9$GDko7PZo+Yc0f:l*"IVY('4BFI6RN1#QNOkCrR%f)SA^M@?efB^f)Vm.FNKG6:Uu.KQ6tMPZ#o9mtSsLp$nj38/hOGs>MhG$^4m-;]'"LiL%1OO.@Q[^9a0NtYp7-53><hh<gM!Xn)f7("@MVV1Yk^&UH3Mn0ij"dn09%60N'`Rn%AOdFbYma0MlF!.i]#J#@@\IZ5UqK0/.-/qX=s`f!EUE'X)]etI#f%TLRtt19bGJGa\qeAfY2o0Jeh)="4MaAnJ4\?(TU7./1'Gn,MB4T=W3F^Fg9KZ#K@bk!442Z1M%nm-kKN[@ZW-_K$Le9\]A^qM,+]hdX5/:*d/tX#GfFW+`Ub9e`DUKAM2"cN`2Xa'kqCHZ4TQV].N\1P`6AkU"224()D?X+tkM(&g].fS4+ok+bJDV)?]PLRo@%fH""gZN,ceim_Ce#(O*GY^tKVg:GJOG_F.r<Q\brJ59Gb%7tp&$rNe*7H6dH4D$l$en3NE`ZEQ[)&8!ARQ?c>9GDR<j,[ZKNMh4rf?J\>I1J"/6Y_PI3iaS^bE_)Xja'.jn5:1hu8mUNj-#m/bhofJd\EDscUM]3&gVq84#)=X,=PIdSR`&g%Wl8:B[n3bT7&gBa<ScT;OP2HF:4u*6&;]"I-07E\_H,FaR"'+[+qSCu5j5F%L<e4/m'VDEFhi/NEJnM0iS(rkBdsXX@T<"*o_*^m[sCCqhL\<hW\S$D?m$kp\+8sT*Oc%[>ouBgUgD-Bh[jtb\/dTrig)r4%X[7l)F.t?aGh5*g;p+."_Gu0)J]EKji-TGg\ZolYMOa0B`iQ,m@X@;AcF_qW8_^k"Drskr+8@*Ph%IOVF2><X0]mV)C\TEUT?YlhD9O(Ue?R1@NiM!RZ0mPJ+!WHmDY;dhL'f5r@#/R(LNlim_im0R/Z'T]+(qYpk+"oFaC`^O+n+>!>]fo?E>87Qb*/UH8+k#H?]')M8)6>GX*G&rI+kEP_AJnB>Z0TpgI*,HLA?4?Cfap:ZgS$_N.GlA=1u?Da'3P@Z8YYN^&B<\2I15fZE!"TJdA.gc_Bkn"*&;og.2g112g]rlME/aQc`1+P','3XQq(<QI^Q$j7)M&24`hNe%G'c1_K,!eJ+\UR>qj2QusT`]_1Bn$fKZp2,c*0LM=e5!HM.TUWt("?noqMH5r=E9EjdBBuE@;5QU\`-4B5(H8jhK(eC-llh`8PCWA_DbN,TWJ.!F(ps9AM)SP(_+l8>gT.K)UQ,>^*S'Q)@@pO:!mq6j*0+0OX&:cfGIIu)`GOePY:\?g1*nc4O+nY^@qoljp06TV;2?S:5ksL$?=U_HoR?g3!S`((3Qr1PNk>&U7f6D%;W^ppKufug6*?X`^]`/S\0h/?/68dbXU@K/LQE6YW9GsC]$9pmU"a74Tj)#fFIV*.f'Om_L&Dmk\nJ2Ti'Ndr2ZRt,o.,(B[.'mgb5%]p(O8d"8JF(or=*&4`Jbu#[.&hG(rg&-h=&c'B'%*X+qA4Z25qC<F(a!C[2VZRW&",_o4bsk>SZt50@DD:manY-1bu-#H0UrEU;!I<cD<6.dCuQq>;(/IF0q7DKUF#MG6.^FL(ukH~>
-endstream
-endobj
-19 0 obj
-<< /Type /Page
-/Parent 1 0 R
-/MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ]
-/Resources 3 0 R
-/Contents 18 0 R
->>
-endobj
-20 0 obj
-<< /Length 1802 /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ]
- >>
-stream
-Gau0DD/\/e&H;*)Tqrjt!!t0=H7b9]8X^>FdUGk.!C[tFN()JfD98X<AAPkW^=+T.M6qM0L*DnCV!e2Q48O%]3$/Z[%&gRa^Q4#o-FW#]*rPK:q>2=XIH#U>P1JII\%ud$hBniSgTG*$T5pRc:ENUg9.d7Ec)ZoV/e[#IKGMhA`q+ae-t^@]$>V3mQ3SZDXmt,V)9!18$`U%=]9:j]F_ct$S(#m/:U?-Z?ClVPD]O.Ic?OI/*o8=rM0Nnr`'R4a8/CdkG^.0oU"RgdR2BZje9@nPA22V$JI9H8Do8I[']sZt,g7nVOK5HYed])!?$il<"H"H[`%9K#E9qBYcbq#UVH-?/l!c_"%P?f1XK3@q`-#E[frst_XF3alpDqb,K91=dTA!Y!eFl6Bn<_[KmDH`Rr>.3UPNRWFHo\(mK3-,9f<Yd[N@\dG-kTs03*o42kQd4f,"]0cA<LgH91-bA4B60jitNpZD&$`>e-BtbHR8%f+DB$"'T,fL)"Y=9ksd-R5MFE:dQo&C\JU_I$&s2OQ!DL#&$^9);b%V5iGtEtgu*q"(TY[AVB\_EOAg3/_"<uPm:<sFBj:kPkPm?dQloHY)Ggdf#>^EV%Qm)o6IAg^g9]J*W"XK13<hqRkaWEIqGs:-^h>5d:>c`pS-r=W!W?-:@WX*-/cnu!Q)cEMQ&;M2!+S9pD)f7*W9lJ=E"3D[Nb_MCV2iTi;3]d^8rPkY`<o1tkL*1fl.-CVnHp;lB'A#R,`daRQ0bgej`e*Vrt+K*oT]M08MBtn$*@3T\(*6$*^*/[/<4bC5-L4+:Mu0=l$Z2_f[h't]^?]3$.]oEQXHGV?2neua_7!Cf8*3L2aRh19Rr#Qat1m-H=\/$,\a1CIqnnA_h`5O,Rd4Nj)5a;"53'q<QaIlQt?sSg9Gq:\a?JIa*+.F<"-Pqn(q>A!J)EPK1o$0(V-4>9?C_OpZBeRMIQ);)YU&WMbf]&e*1ECYICoU1<]+[%_BO"6Pl1Y-#'<4PPr@l20pE:r2J,"T:K*$!tRZ3fA*,Ge-49U:4o7U!J`0@I@/)a%c].MY/D?&R82'dVJ"(sY.OKi*akYmJ8?U*:EMPfjMRd%Gjn*jWC$coY5soYZPGIdN0To1^fXW@jIjXZ0s?KlNDOo?)cT%9D].a:B3R7L*^o+?QQajUX`XV/)=.F(/>(tf35Ad,Uk81I0jBJc1F2VSHN5S'K%+(!]kj+)4u3A!8W'C&m!_Y?@3L?4`[r/7?0;A*.DPHo\7i,HDZjIN6UI:03Wo#00>HMr@!0'2`g(P,Btu=,ONqhe[X*a9WbTgp(/T[kOqL8]W^iSsCPgbOX4tp=cdC`6DLp3K82Q:@h>4P?cc&T</YSdVI#b:e\\t]-nh_H_RX<s6nq]tMhW!6\^;2Ucg>4!jB5&W@H-K<b5")\JeK?"69;u)=.1L>0@lkn!LQh8Mo_Nrod^3,f4?5R>]^EmB)Gjnpjj;de3X&Mbi@ZH@i+&>Kq7X!/qlZu-(H7Bf?DB(T0>c<DbjS3NpF[ae^q-_1SXbjfe]l40`2ij/irlrr]_J6(jjX:TAuecnIBHNQ"j@=0o*bpJY6\^iIJA_f/`WY*+W.W)>f,]&$<<.hc!ii52@C8b2tR>8MmMukAJW=:#[(phDBHA<8d3`LoVt5NCAYqnX!B@$Iur[]3lPg2AYDHm^G>0-$8NMk*4_pA-&;]NgKj`(O:O2]\5qO<O/bMB/DWFgGd/gH`".aAQatUBJAT$oY,,=?WM(tS\3hY*aBu)tL+*`%9;NonI8\oa8tqE:+^/JUh9-)s^:s]'id_"~>
-endstream
-endobj
-21 0 obj
-<< /Type /Page
-/Parent 1 0 R
-/MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ]
-/Resources 3 0 R
-/Contents 20 0 R
->>
-endobj
-22 0 obj
-<< /Length 928 /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ]
- >>
-stream
-GatU2gJ6Kg&:Ml+N78)a<#4qNrQn/5$7[N'$^%Hhm=QR?Z'l&C!f4V[XCHUj7WDJ%-uikMF3^9nms:!AUX,.O^Cc/>^Ls;u+UKQnn5i0Tru`UW6##;(oR1gdhjk<)F<VkORW?[.<MKelb[LD.jVdF)5<MYk\qS8n.&iA%n3_a^(Sdcl<1(ngfD+/c*2pg33r\U\s&6?\p3uGs_]P892n9i![DFbZ@Tq\IAZ;=sY$2ZiY!N[LRUiBCP`$Yi%9./lD,T3.ED@>p=/efDq6:99I'G6)\$G>]_qLSe:3^Dg1%iQ9hA!#"\aZ25C$hq$2!cBL,Y:t!32;/?ls_/uE=HB"&U;&ffEnY!*%4TSR^0pfEs7aGT&?UtK>\8M?/#SL$6IcS;PNGor[@a]pNB_N@IFCUm,`ml$9"8^"D!==O;]-O.q8Bp[W,VM<j%@MR>mOH:cW8N6lc@X6U7EAZnu2tML4Vt<<OR<MN*(SM?%#o%/6#"]2^[r?H#LJK-I^V</t,k;9&[:&5]6WV.uoq2U75+Z2'036R$&AClgXY1.7K3a8O?.mcVau^1Hp1fGqREUlU(k4\-`s,CGh%+8G]ghrAb<Aro+Zde"Y^&uVW:I+8hUUN*sEX\qIgKJ\ph4@2XZkbV8IfN9^KO!>Em`%d>tKG5CH]2(7*kG90Cnmtt*n)h$N_c$boM#QbZ,pe-t^j1l8Q>U.bZCAI8;2lb<cYT^#N5+)J>SN)YE'>F2i2DEqeir>W-EV?p3M8F),.un*iVGRu""%8I"Z4UpbBe-D&kY*lgbs3XD$2cV,`:T96Rmo>[C1!V*XWRO!k$K'0f\aGmYn.$91&b]R^0NCT9f5tAWbkM6^foNnG:BTobL;ng07Xeb_r=,:CCC\`Tk/2S7bdT=gqsV44m'0R5ZVP<QDNu><^ainTF^>ncj)e~>
-endstream
-endobj
-23 0 obj
-<< /Type /Page
-/Parent 1 0 R
-/MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ]
-/Resources 3 0 R
-/Contents 22 0 R
-/Annots 24 0 R
->>
-endobj
-24 0 obj
-[
-25 0 R
-26 0 R
-]
-endobj
-25 0 obj
-<< /Type /Annot
-/Subtype /Link
-/Rect [ 90.0 619.806 259.296 607.806 ]
-/C [ 0 0 0 ]
-/Border [ 0 0 0 ]
-/A << /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_tree)
-/S /URI >>
-/H /I
->>
-endobj
-26 0 obj
-<< /Type /Annot
-/Subtype /Link
-/Rect [ 262.296 619.806 434.94 607.806 ]
-/C [ 0 0 0 ]
-/Border [ 0 0 0 ]
-/A << /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ID3_algorithm)
-/S /URI >>
-/H /I
->>
-endobj
-28 0 obj
-<<
- /Title (\376\377\0\61\0\40\0\111\0\156\0\164\0\162\0\157\0\144\0\165\0\143\0\164\0\151\0\157\0\156\0\40\0\164\0\157\0\40\0\111\0\104\0\63\0\40\0\141\0\154\0\147\0\157\0\162\0\151\0\164\0\150\0\155)
- /Parent 27 0 R
- /Next 29 0 R
- /A 9 0 R
->> endobj
-29 0 obj
-<<
- /Title (\376\377\0\62\0\40\0\115\0\141\0\162\0\153\0\145\0\164\0\151\0\156\0\147\0\40\0\164\0\141\0\162\0\147\0\145\0\164\0\40\0\163\0\164\0\162\0\141\0\164\0\145\0\147\0\171\0\40\0\145\0\170\0\141\0\155\0\160\0\154\0\145\0\40\0\165\0\163\0\151\0\156\0\147\0\40\0\111\0\104\0\63\0\40\0\104\0\145\0\143\0\151\0\163\0\151\0\157\0\156\0\40\0\124\0\162\0\145\0\145\0\163\0\40\0\151\0\156\0\40\0\122\0\165\0\142\0\171)
- /Parent 27 0 R
- /Prev 28 0 R
- /Next 30 0 R
- /A 11 0 R
->> endobj
-30 0 obj
-<<
- /Title (\376\377\0\63\0\40\0\102\0\145\0\164\0\164\0\145\0\162\0\40\0\144\0\141\0\164\0\141\0\40\0\154\0\157\0\141\0\144\0\151\0\156\0\147)
- /Parent 27 0 R
- /Prev 29 0 R
- /Next 31 0 R
- /A 13 0 R
->> endobj
-31 0 obj
-<<
- /Title (\376\377\0\64\0\40\0\101\0\40\0\147\0\157\0\157\0\144\0\40\0\164\0\151\0\160\0\40\0\146\0\157\0\162\0\40\0\144\0\141\0\164\0\141\0\40\0\145\0\166\0\141\0\154\0\165\0\141\0\164\0\151\0\157\0\156)
- /Parent 27 0 R
- /Prev 30 0 R
- /Next 32 0 R
- /A 15 0 R
->> endobj
-32 0 obj
-<<
- /Title (\376\377\0\65\0\40\0\115\0\157\0\162\0\145\0\40\0\141\0\142\0\157\0\165\0\164\0\40\0\111\0\104\0\63\0\40\0\141\0\156\0\144\0\40\0\144\0\145\0\143\0\151\0\163\0\151\0\157\0\156\0\40\0\164\0\162\0\145\0\145\0\163)
- /Parent 27 0 R
- /Prev 31 0 R
- /A 17 0 R
->> endobj
-33 0 obj
-<< /Type /Font
-/Subtype /Type1
-/Name /F3
-/BaseFont /Helvetica-Bold
-/Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >>
-endobj
-34 0 obj
-<< /Type /Font
-/Subtype /Type1
-/Name /F5
-/BaseFont /Times-Roman
-/Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >>
-endobj
-35 0 obj
-<< /Type /Font
-/Subtype /Type1
-/Name /F1
-/BaseFont /Helvetica
-/Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >>
-endobj
-36 0 obj
-<< /Type /Font
-/Subtype /Type1
-/Name /F9
-/BaseFont /Courier
-/Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >>
-endobj
-37 0 obj
-<< /Type /Font
-/Subtype /Type1
-/Name /F2
-/BaseFont /Helvetica-Oblique
-/Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >>
-endobj
-38 0 obj
-<< /Type /Font
-/Subtype /Type1
-/Name /F7
-/BaseFont /Times-Bold
-/Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >>
-endobj
-1 0 obj
-<< /Type /Pages
-/Count 4
-/Kids [6 0 R 19 0 R 21 0 R 23 0 R ] >>
-endobj
-2 0 obj
-<< /Type /Catalog
-/Pages 1 0 R
- /Outlines 27 0 R
- /PageMode /UseOutlines
- >>
-endobj
-3 0 obj
-<< 
-/Font << /F3 33 0 R /F5 34 0 R /F1 35 0 R /F9 36 0 R /F2 37 0 R /F7 38 0 R >> 
-/ProcSet [ /PDF /ImageC /Text ] >> 
-endobj
-9 0 obj
-<<
-/S /GoTo
-/D [19 0 R /XYZ 85.0 659.0 null]
->>
-endobj
-11 0 obj
-<<
-/S /GoTo
-/D [19 0 R /XYZ 85.0 519.466 null]
->>
-endobj
-13 0 obj
-<<
-/S /GoTo
-/D [21 0 R /XYZ 85.0 501.24 null]
->>
-endobj
-15 0 obj
-<<
-/S /GoTo
-/D [21 0 R /XYZ 85.0 337.106 null]
->>
-endobj
-17 0 obj
-<<
-/S /GoTo
-/D [23 0 R /XYZ 85.0 649.14 null]
->>
-endobj
-27 0 obj
-<<
- /First 28 0 R
- /Last 32 0 R
->> endobj
-xref
-0 39
-0000000000 65535 f 
-0000009548 00000 n 
-0000009627 00000 n 
-0000009719 00000 n 
-0000000015 00000 n 
-0000000071 00000 n 
-0000000834 00000 n 
-0000000954 00000 n 
-0000001007 00000 n 
-0000009853 00000 n 
-0000001142 00000 n 
-0000009916 00000 n 
-0000001278 00000 n 
-0000009982 00000 n 
-0000001414 00000 n 
-0000010047 00000 n 
-0000001551 00000 n 
-0000010113 00000 n 
-0000001688 00000 n 
-0000003674 00000 n 
-0000003782 00000 n 
-0000005677 00000 n 
-0000005785 00000 n 
-0000006805 00000 n 
-0000006928 00000 n 
-0000006962 00000 n 
-0000007155 00000 n 
-0000010178 00000 n 
-0000007350 00000 n 
-0000007611 00000 n 
-0000008103 00000 n 
-0000008321 00000 n 
-0000008602 00000 n 
-0000008886 00000 n 
-0000008999 00000 n 
-0000009109 00000 n 
-0000009217 00000 n 
-0000009323 00000 n 
-0000009439 00000 n 
-trailer
-<<
-/Size 39
-/Root 2 0 R
-/Info 4 0 R
->>
-startxref
-10229
-%%EOF

data/site/build/site/en/neuralNetworks.html

@@ -1,521 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
-<html>
-<head>
-<META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
-<meta content="Apache Forrest" name="Generator">
-<meta name="Forrest-version" content="0.8">
-<meta name="Forrest-skin-name" content="pelt">
-<title>OCR example using Backpropagation networks in ruby :: ai4r</title>
-<link type="text/css" href="skin/basic.css" rel="stylesheet">
-<link media="screen" type="text/css" href="skin/screen.css" rel="stylesheet">
-<link media="print" type="text/css" href="skin/print.css" rel="stylesheet">
-<link type="text/css" href="skin/profile.css" rel="stylesheet">
-<script src="skin/getBlank.js" language="javascript" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="skin/getMenu.js" language="javascript" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="skin/fontsize.js" language="javascript" type="text/javascript"></script>
-<link rel="shortcut icon" href="">
-</head>
-<body onload="init()">
-<script type="text/javascript">ndeSetTextSize();</script>
-<div id="top">
-<!--+
-    |header
-    +-->
-<div class="header">
-<!--+
-    |start group logo
-    +-->
-<div class="grouplogo">
-<a href="http://www.jadeferret.com"><img class="logoImage" alt="Jade Ferret" src="images/jadeferret.png" title="Jade Ferret"></a>
-</div>
-<!--+
-    |end group logo
-    +-->
-<!--+
-    |start Project Logo
-    +-->
-<div class="projectlogo">
-<a href="http://ai4r.rubyforge.org/"><img class="logoImage" alt="ai4r" src="images/ai4r-logo.png" title="AI4R - Artificial Intelligence for Ruby"></a>
-</div>
-<!--+
-    |end Project Logo
-    +-->
-<!--+
-    |start Search
-    +-->
-<div class="searchbox">
-<div class="roundtopsmall">
-<form target="_top" action="http://www.google.com/custom" method="get">
-<input value="ai4r.rubyforge.org;raa.ruby-lang.org;rubyforge.org" name="domains" type="hidden"><label style="display: none" for="sbi">Enter your search terms</label><input id="sbi" value="" maxlength="255" size="31" name="q" type="text"><label style="display: none" for="sbb">Submit search form</label><input id="sbb" value="Search" name="sa" type="submit"><span style="display:none"><input id="ss0" value="" name="sitesearch" style="display=none" type="radio"><input id="ss1" checked value="ai4r.rubyforge.org" name="sitesearch" style="display=none" type="radio"><input id="ss2" value="raa.ruby-lang.org" name="sitesearch" style="display=none" type="radio"><input id="ss3" value="rubyforge.org" name="sitesearch" style="display=none" type="radio"></span><input value="pub-2578934938711895" name="client" type="hidden"><input value="1" name="forid" type="hidden"><input value="ISO-8859-1" name="ie" type="hidden"><input value="ISO-8859-1" name="oe" type="hidden"><input value="active" name="safe" type="hidden"><input value="0000" name="flav" type="hidden"><input value="XEZZoGuMPMQqvUG_" name="sig" type="hidden"><input value="GALT:#008000;GL:1;DIV:#336699;VLC:663399;AH:center;BGC:FFFFFF;LBGC:336699;ALC:0000FF;LC:0000FF;T:000000;GFNT:0000FF;GIMP:0000FF;LH:50;LW:78;L:http://ai4r.rubyforge.org/images/ai4r-logo.png;S:http://ai4r.rubyforge.org/;FORID:1" name="cof" type="hidden"><input value="en" name="hl" type="hidden">
-</form>
-</div>
-</div>
-<!--+
-    |end search
-    +-->
-<!--+
-    |start Tabs
-    +-->
-<ul id="tabs">
-<li class="current">
-<a class="selected" href="index.html">Home</a>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<!--+
-    |end Tabs
-    +-->
-</div>
-</div>
-<div id="main">
-<div id="publishedStrip">
-<!--+
-    |start Subtabs
-    +-->
-<div id="level2tabs"></div>
-<!--+
-    |end Endtabs
-    +-->
-<script type="text/javascript"><!--
-document.write("Last Published: " + document.lastModified);
-//  --></script>
-</div>
-<!--+
-    |breadtrail
-    +-->
-<div class="breadtrail">
-
-             &nbsp;
-           </div>
-<!--+
-    |start Menu, mainarea
-    +-->
-<!--+
-    |start Menu
-    +-->
-<div id="menu">
-<div onclick="SwitchMenu('menu_selected_1.1', 'skin/')" id="menu_selected_1.1Title" class="menutitle" style="background-image: url('skin/images/chapter_open.gif');">Home</div>
-<div id="menu_selected_1.1" class="selectedmenuitemgroup" style="display: block;">
-<div class="menuitem">
-<a href="index.html" title="ai4r - Artificial Intelligence for Ruby">Index</a>
-</div>
-<div onclick="SwitchMenu('menu_selected_1.1.2', 'skin/')" id="menu_selected_1.1.2Title" class="menutitle" style="background-image: url('skin/images/chapter_open.gif');">Practical Examples</div>
-<div id="menu_selected_1.1.2" class="selectedmenuitemgroup" style="display: block;">
-<div class="menuitem">
-<a href="geneticAlgorithms.html" title="Genetic Algorithms in ruby">Genetic Algorithms</a>
-</div>
-<div class="menuitem">
-<a href="machineLearning.html" title="ID3 Decision Trees in ruby">Machine Learning</a>
-</div>
-<div class="menupage">
-<div class="menupagetitle">Neural Networks</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="menuitem">
-<a href="downloads.html" title="ai4r - Download Files">Downloads</a>
-</div>
-<div class="menuitem">
-<a href="http://forum.jadeferret.com/viewforum.php?f=3" title="Ai4r Forum">Forum</a>
-</div>
-<div class="menuitem">
-<a href="sourceCode.html" title="ai4r source code repository">Source Code repository</a>
-</div>
-<div class="menuitem">
-<a href="http://wiki.jadeferret.com/Category:AI4R" title="ai4r wiki with How-to guides and more documentation">AI4R Wiki</a>
-</div>
-<div class="menuitem">
-<a href="http://ai4r.rubyforge.org/rdoc/index.html" title="Ai4 RDoc docs">API doc (Rdoc)</a>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div id="credit">
-<script type="text/javascript">
-google_ad_client = "pub-2578934938711895";
-google_ad_slot = "6111091580";
-google_ad_width = 125;
-google_ad_height = 125;
-</script><script src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
-<hr>
-</div>
-<div id="roundbottom">
-<img style="display: none" class="corner" height="15" width="15" alt="" src="skin/images/rc-b-l-15-1body-2menu-3menu.png"></div>
-<!--+
-  |alternative credits
-  +-->
-<div id="credit2"></div>
-</div>
-<!--+
-    |end Menu
-    +-->
-<!--+
-    |start content
-    +-->
-<div id="content">
-<div title="Portable Document Format" class="pdflink">
-<a class="dida" href="neuralNetworks.pdf"><img alt="PDF -icon" src="skin/images/pdfdoc.gif" class="skin"><br>
-        PDF</a>
-</div>
-<h1>OCR example using Backpropagation networks in ruby :: ai4r</h1>
-<div id="minitoc-area">
-<ul class="minitoc">
-<li>
-<a href="#nn-Introduction">Introduction to Neural Networks</a>
-</li>
-<li>
-<a href="#nn-example">Modeling the OCR problem using Neural Networks networks</a>
-</li>
-<li>
-<a href="#nn2-example">Implementing a basic OCR application using ruby and AI4R</a>
-</li>
-<li>
-<a href="#nn3-example">Results obtained with the AI4R OCR algorithm</a>
-</li>
-<li>
-<a href="#nn-custom">Customizing your neural network in ai4r</a>
-</li>
-<li>
-<a href="#nn-more">More about Neural Networks and Backpropagation</a>
-</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-    
-<a name="N1000D"></a><a name="nn-Introduction"></a>
-<h2 class="boxed">Introduction to Neural Networks</h2>
-<div class="section">
-<p>
-        The utility of artificial neural network models lies in the fact 
-        that they can be used to infer a function from observations. This is 
-        particularly useful in applications where the complexity of the data 
-        or task makes the design of such a function by hand impractical. 
-        Neural Networks are being used in many businesses and applications. 
-        Their ability to learn by example makes them attractive in environments
-        where the business rules are either not well defined or are hard to 
-        enumerate and define. Many people believe that Neural Networks can 
-        only solve toy problems. Give them a try, and let you decide if they 
-        are good enough to solve your needs.
-      </p>
-<p>
-        In this module you will find an implementation of neural networks 
-        using the Backpropagation is a supervised learning technique 
-        (described by Paul Werbos in 1974, and further developed by David E. 
-        Rumelhart, Geoffrey E. Hinton and Ronald J. Williams in 1986)
-      </p>
-</div>
-  
-<a name="N1001A"></a><a name="nn-example"></a>
-<h2 class="boxed">Modeling the OCR problem using Neural Networks networks</h2>
-<div class="section">
-<p>
-      Let's imagine that we have to implement a program to identify simple patterns 
-      (triangles, squares, crosses, etc). The main problem is that this program must 
-      be resistant to random noise in the image (pixels with wrong values) and 
-      line noise (similar to the unwanted direct current that we usually have in a 
-      signal).
-    </p>
-<p>
-      In order to solve this problem, we can take an example of each pattern 
-      to be recognized, and train a neural network to identify similar patterns.
-      In fact, one of the most popular uses of neural networks in business 
-      applications is OCR (opticar character recognition)
-    </p>
-<p>
-      In our porposed solotion, we create a network with the following 
-      architecture: 256 input neurons and 3 output neurons. We feed this network 
-      with 16x16 matrices (in fact will convert them to vectors of length 256). 
-      Each pixel is represented with a number from 0 (white pixel) to 10 
-      (black pixel). The output of this network if a 3 vector of dimension 3, 
-      where ideally:
-    </p>
-<ul>
-      
-<li>(1, 0, 0) for triangles</li>
-      
-<li>(0, 1, 0) for squares</li>
-      
-<li>(0, 0, 1) for crosses</li>
-    
-</ul>
-<p>We train our backpropagation neural network using the following examples:</p>
-<table class="ForrestTable" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="4">
-    
-<caption>Training patterns</caption>
-      
-<tr>
-        
-<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><img alt="Triangule training example" src="/images/t.png"></td>
-        <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><img alt="Square training example" src="/images/s.png"></td>
-        <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><img alt="Cross training example" src="/images/c.png"></td>
-      
-</tr>
-    
-</table>
-</div>
-  
-<a name="N10057"></a><a name="nn2-example"></a>
-<h2 class="boxed">Implementing a basic OCR application using ruby and AI4R</h2>
-<div class="section">
-<p>The code bellow shows the basic steps to use Backpropagation Neural 
-    Networks in AI4R:</p>
-<pre class="code">
-
-  # Create the network with:
-  #   4 inputs
-  #   1 hidden layer with 3 neurons
-  #   2 outputs
-  net = Ai4r::NeuralNetwork::Backpropagation.new([4, 3, 2])  
-
-  # Train the network
-  100.times do |i|
-    net.train(example[i], result[i])
-  end
-
-  # Use it: Evaluate data with the trained network
-  net.eval([12, 48, 12, 25])  # =&gt;  [0.89, 0.04]
-
-</pre>
-<p>This is the source code used to elaborate this simple OCR application
-  (You can find it inside the AI4R zip file release):</p>
-<pre class="code">
-
-require "rubygems"
-require "ai4r"
-require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/training_patterns'
-require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/patterns_with_noise'
-require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/patterns_with_base_noise'
-
-# Create a network with 256 inputs, and 3 outputs
-net = Ai4r::NeuralNetwork::Backpropagation.new([256, 3])
-
-# Load training data
-tr_input = TRIANGLE.flatten.collect { |input| input.to_f / 10}
-sq_input = SQUARE.flatten.collect { |input| input.to_f / 10}
-cr_input = CROSS.flatten.collect { |input| input.to_f / 10}
-# Train the network
-puts "Training the network, please wait."
-100.times do
-  net.train(tr_input, [1,0,0])
-  net.train(sq_input, [0,1,0])
-  net.train(cr_input, [0,0,1])
-end
-
-# Load test data with noise
-tr_with_noise = TRIANGLE_WITH_NOISE.flatten.collect { |input| input.to_f / 10}
-sq_with_noise = SQUARE_WITH_NOISE.flatten.collect { |input| input.to_f / 10}
-cr_with_noise = CROSS_WITH_NOISE.flatten.collect { |input| input.to_f / 10}
-
-tr_with_base_noise = TRIANGLE_WITH_BASE_NOISE.flatten.collect { |input| input.to_f / 10}
-sq_with_base_noise = SQUARE_WITH_BASE_NOISE.flatten.collect { |input| input.to_f / 10}
-cr_with_base_noise = CROSS_WITH_BASE_NOISE.flatten.collect { |input| input.to_f / 10}
-
-# Print the evaluation results
-
-def result_label(result)
-  if result[0] &gt; result[1] &amp;&amp; result[0] &gt; result[2]
-    "TRIANGLE"
-  elsif result[1] &gt; result[2] 
-    "SQUARE"
-  else    
-    "CROSS"
-  end
-end
-
-puts "Training Examples"
-puts "#{net.eval(tr_input).inspect} =&gt; #{result_label(net.eval(tr_input))}"
-puts "#{net.eval(sq_input).inspect} =&gt; #{result_label(net.eval(sq_input))}"
-puts "#{net.eval(cr_input).inspect} =&gt; #{result_label(net.eval(cr_input))}"
-puts "Examples with noise"
-puts "#{net.eval(tr_with_noise).inspect} =&gt; #{result_label(net.eval(tr_with_noise))}"
-puts "#{net.eval(sq_with_noise).inspect} =&gt; #{result_label(net.eval(sq_with_noise))}"
-puts "#{net.eval(cr_with_noise).inspect} =&gt; #{result_label(net.eval(cr_with_noise))}"
-puts "Examples with base noise"
-puts "#{net.eval(tr_with_base_noise).inspect} =&gt; #{result_label(net.eval(tr_with_base_noise))}"
-puts "#{net.eval(sq_with_base_noise).inspect} =&gt; #{result_label(net.eval(sq_with_base_noise))}"
-puts "#{net.eval(cr_with_base_noise).inspect} =&gt; #{result_label(net.eval(cr_with_base_noise))}"
-
-</pre>
-</div>
-  
-<a name="N1006C"></a><a name="nn3-example"></a>
-<h2 class="boxed">Results obtained with the AI4R OCR algorithm</h2>
-<div class="section">
-<p>
-    The results we got when we evaluate patterns with our trained network are:
-    </p>
-<ul>
-      
-<li>Evaluating the training patterns with the trained network:
-      <ol>
-        
-<li> 
-<img alt="Triangule training example" src="/images/t.png"> 
-    [0.98, 0.03, 0.01] =&gt; TRIANGLE </li>
-        
-<li> 
-<img alt="Square training example" src="/images/s.png"> 
-    [0.00, 0.96, 0.03] =&gt; SQUARE </li>
-        
-<li> 
-<img alt="Cross training example" src="/images/c.png"> 
-    [0.00, 0.00, 0.99] =&gt; CROSS </li>
-      
-</ol>
-      
-</li>
-      
-<li>Evaluating the patterns with random noise with the trained network:
-      <ol>
-        
-<li> 
-<img alt="Triangule pattern with random noise" src="/images/t_wn.png"> [0.98, 0.01, 0.01] =&gt; TRIANGLE </li>
-        
-<li> 
-<img alt="Square pattern with random noise" src="/images/s_wn.png"> [0.00, 0.96, 0.02] =&gt; SQUARE </li>
-        
-<li> 
-<img alt="Cross pattern with random noise" src="/images/c_wn.png"> [0.00, 0.00, 0.98] =&gt; CROSS </li>
-      
-</ol>
-      
-</li>
-      
-<li>Evaluating the patterns with line noise with the trained network:
-      <ol>
-        
-<li> 
-<img alt="Triangule pattern with line noise" src="/images/t_wbn.png"> [0.62, 0.00, 0.02] =&gt; TRIANGLE </li>
-        
-<li> 
-<img alt="Square pattern with line noise" src="/images/s_wbn.png"> [0.00, 0.75, 0.01] =&gt; SQUARE </li>
-        
-<li> 
-<img alt="Cross pattern with line noise" src="/images/c_wbn.png"> [0.00, 0.00, 0.98] =&gt; CROSS </li>
-      
-</ol>
-      
-</li>
-    
-</ul>
-<p>These results are satisfactory. The network could sucessfully identify 
-    the patterns despite the noise introduced to them.</p>
-</div>
-
-  
-<a name="N100CD"></a><a name="nn-custom"></a>
-<h2 class="boxed">Customizing your neural network in ai4r</h2>
-<div class="section">
-<p>Sometime for a given problem, you will have to "play around" with some parameters to 
-	get to a solution. This parameters are:</p>
-<p>
-    
-<strong>Learning Rate</strong>: a real number, usually between 0.05 
-    and 0.25. 
-  </p>
-<p>
-    
-<strong>Momentum</strong>: A momentum will avoid oscillations during 
-    learning, converging to a solution in less iterations.  
-  </p>
-<p>
-<strong>Propagation function</strong>: By default, f(x) = 1/(1 + e^(-x)). 
-  This function is called 
-  <a class="external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmoid_function">
-    Sigmoid function
-  </a>. You can see it like a "smoothed" version of the 
-  <a class="external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaviside_step_function">
-    Heaviside step function
-  </a>. It will always provide a 
-  value between 0 and 1. </p>
-<p>
-<img alt="Sigmoid function" src="images/sigmoid.png"></p>
-<p>
-  Sometimes you will have  better results with f(x) = tanh(x), or even with 
-  f(x) = x. If you modify the propagation function, you have to supply the 
-  derivative function too (in terms of the propagation function result).
-  </p>
-<p>To customize these parameters in AI4R, you can user the "set_parameters"
-  method:</p>
-<pre class="code">
-  net.set_parameters( 
-    :momentum =&gt; 0.15, 
-    :learning_rate =&gt; 0.5,
-    :propagation_function =&gt; lambda { |x| Math.tanh(x) },
-    :derivative_propagation_function =&gt; lambda { |y| 1.0 - y**2 }
-    )
-</pre>
-<p>You can also use the attribute accesors:</p>
-<pre class="code">	
-  net.momentum = 0.15 
-  net.learning_rate = 0.5
-  net.propagation_function = lambda { |x| Math.tanh(x) }
-  net.derivative_propagation_function = lambda { |y| 1.0 - y**2 }
-</pre>
-</div>
-  
-<div class="note">
-<div class="label">Note</div>
-<div class="content">Remember to set the custom parameters BEFORE training the network</div>
-</div>
-  
-<a name="N1010B"></a><a name="nn-more"></a>
-<h2 class="boxed">More about Neural Networks and Backpropagation</h2>
-<div class="section">
-<ul>
-
-<li>
-	
-<a class="external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_neural_network">Wikipedia article on Artificial Neural Networks</a>
-
-</li>
-
-<li>
-	
-<a class="external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backpropagation">Wikipedia article on Backpropagation Algorithm</a>
-
-</li>
-
-<li>
-	
-<a class="external" href="http://www.tek271.com/articles/neuralNet/IntoToNeuralNets.html">Neural Networks - An Introduction by Abdul Habra</a>
-
-</li>
-
-<li>
-
-<a class="external" href="http://galaxy.agh.edu.pl/~vlsi/AI/backp_t_en/backprop.html">A graphical explanation of the 
-backpropagation algorithm by Mariusz Bernacki and Przemysław Włodarczyk</a>
-
-</li>
-
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-  
-</div>
-<!--+
-    |end content
-    +-->
-<div class="clearboth">&nbsp;</div>
-</div>
-<div id="footer">
-<!--+
-    |start bottomstrip
-    +-->
-<div class="lastmodified">
-<script type="text/javascript"><!--
-document.write("Last Published: " + document.lastModified);
-//  --></script>
-</div>
-<div class="copyright">
-        Copyright &copy;
-         2007-2009 <a href="http://www.jadeferret.com/">Sergio Fierens, Jade Ferret</a>
-</div>
-<div class="host">
-<a href="http://rubyforge.org/projects/ai4r/"><img class="logoImage" alt="" src="images/rubyforge.png"></a>
-</div>
-<!--+
-    |end bottomstrip
-    +-->
-</div>
-<script src="http://www.google-analytics.com/ga.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script type="text/javascript">
-var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3234625-1");
-pageTracker._initData();
-pageTracker._trackPageview();
-</script>
-</body>
-</html>